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Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, Higano C, Basch E, Fizazi K, Antonarakis ES, Beer TM, Carducci MA, Chi KN, Corn PG, de Bono JS, Dreicer R, George DJ, Heath EI, Hussain M, Kelly WK, Liu G, Logothetis C, Nanus D, Stein MN, Rathkopf DE, Slovin SF, Ryan CJ, Sartor O, Small EJ, Smith MR, Sternberg CN, Taplin ME, Wilding G, Nelson PS, Schwartz LH, Halabi S, Kantoff PW, Armstrong AJ. Trial Design and Objectives for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Updated Recommendations From the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:1402-18. [PMID: 26903579 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.64.2702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1028] [Impact Index Per Article: 128.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evolving treatments, disease phenotypes, and biology, together with a changing drug development environment, have created the need to revise castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) clinical trial recommendations to succeed those from prior Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Groups. METHODS An international expert committee of prostate cancer clinical investigators (the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 [PCWG3]) was reconvened and expanded and met in 2012-2015 to formulate updated criteria on the basis of emerging trial data and validation studies of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 2 recommendations. RESULTS PCWG3 recommends that baseline patient assessment include tumor histology, detailed records of prior systemic treatments and responses, and a detailed reporting of disease subtypes based on an anatomic pattern of metastatic spread. New recommendations for trial outcome measures include the time to event end point of symptomatic skeletal events, as well as time to first metastasis and time to progression for trials in the nonmetastatic CRPC state. PCWG3 introduces the concept of no longer clinically benefiting to underscore the distinction between first evidence of progression and the clinical need to terminate or change treatment, and the importance of documenting progression in existing lesions as distinct from the development of new lesions. Serial biologic profiling using tumor samples from biopsies, blood-based diagnostics, and/or imaging is also recommended to gain insight into mechanisms of resistance and to identify predictive biomarkers of sensitivity for use in prospective trials. CONCLUSION PCWG3 moves drug development closer to unmet needs in clinical practice by focusing on disease manifestations most likely to affect prognosis adversely for therapeutics tested in both nonmetastatic and metastatic CRPC populations. Consultation with regulatory authorities is recommended if a trial is intended to seek support for drug approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard I Scher
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Michael J Morris
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Walter M Stadler
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Celestia Higano
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Ethan Basch
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Tomasz M Beer
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Michael A Carducci
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Kim N Chi
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Paul G Corn
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Johann S de Bono
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Robert Dreicer
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Daniel J George
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Elisabeth I Heath
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Maha Hussain
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Wm Kevin Kelly
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Glenn Liu
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - David Nanus
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Mark N Stein
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Dana E Rathkopf
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Susan F Slovin
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Charles J Ryan
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Eric J Small
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Matthew Raymond Smith
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Cora N Sternberg
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - George Wilding
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Lawrence H Schwartz
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Susan Halabi
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Howard I. Scher, Michael J. Morris, Dana E. Rathkopf, and Susan F. Slovin, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College; David Nanus, NewYork Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center; Lawrence W. Schwartz, NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; Walter M. Stadler, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL; Celestina Higano and Peter S. Nelson, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Ethan Basch, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Emmanual S. Antonarakis and Michael A. Carducci, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Tomasz M. Beer, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR; Paul G. Corn and Christopher Logothetis, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Robert Dreicer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; Daniel J. George, Susan Halabi, and Andrew J. Armstrong, Duke University and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC; Elisabeth I. Heath, Wayne State University Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit; and Maha Hussain, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Wm. Kevin Kelly, Sidney Kimmel School of Medicine at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; Glenn Liu and George Wilding, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI; Mark N. Stein, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ; Charles S. Ryan and Eric J. Small, University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA; Oliver Sartor, Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Matthew Raymond Smith, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School; Mary-Ellen Taplin and Philip W. Kantoff, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Karim Fizazi, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif, Franc
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Reeve BB, Mitchell SA, Dueck AC, Basch E, Cella D, Reilly CM, Minasian LM, Denicoff AM, O'Mara AM, Fisch MJ, Chauhan C, Aaronson NK, Coens C, Bruner DW. Recommended patient-reported core set of symptoms to measure in adult cancer treatment trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:dju129. [PMID: 25006191 PMCID: PMC4110472 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Cancer Institute's Symptom Management and Health-Related Quality of Life Steering Committee held a clinical trials planning meeting (September 2011) to identify a core symptom set to be assessed across oncology trials for the purposes of better understanding treatment efficacy and toxicity and to facilitate cross-study comparisons. We report the results of an evidence-synthesis and consensus-building effort that culminated in recommendations for core symptoms to be measured in adult cancer clinical trials that include a patient-reported outcome (PRO). METHODS We used a data-driven, consensus-building process. A panel of experts, including patient representatives, conducted a systematic review of the literature (2001-2011) and analyzed six large datasets. Results were reviewed at a multistakeholder meeting, and a final set was derived emphasizing symptom prevalence across diverse cancer populations, impact on health outcomes and quality of life, and attribution to either disease or anticancer treatment. RESULTS We recommend that a core set of 12 symptoms--specifically fatigue, insomnia, pain, anorexia (appetite loss), dyspnea, cognitive problems, anxiety (includes worry), nausea, depression (includes sadness), sensory neuropathy, constipation, and diarrhea--be considered for inclusion in clinical trials where a PRO is measured. Inclusion of symptoms and other patient-reported endpoints should be well justified, hypothesis driven, and meaningful to patients. CONCLUSIONS This core set will promote consistent assessment of common and clinically relevant disease- and treatment-related symptoms across cancer trials. As such, it provides a foundation to support data harmonization and continued efforts to enhance measurement of patient-centered outcomes in cancer clinical trials and observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce B Reeve
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo).
| | - Sandra A Mitchell
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Amylou C Dueck
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Ethan Basch
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - David Cella
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Carolyn Miller Reilly
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Lori M Minasian
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Andrea M Denicoff
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Ann M O'Mara
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Michael J Fisch
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Cynthia Chauhan
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Neil K Aaronson
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Corneel Coens
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
| | - Deborah Watkins Bruner
- Affiliations of authors: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC (BBR, EB); Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (SAM); Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMM and AMO); Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (AMD); Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (ACD); Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (DC); Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (CMR, DWB); Department of General Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (MJF); Mayo Clinic Breast SPORE, Rochester, MN (CCh); Department of Psychological Research, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (NKA); Quality of Life Department, European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer, Brussels, Belgium (CCo)
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