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Ramachandran P, Augstein F, Nguyen V, Carlsbecker A. Coping With Water Limitation: Hormones That Modify Plant Root Xylem Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:570. [PMID: 32499804 PMCID: PMC7243681 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Periods of drought, that threaten crop production, are expected to become more prominent in large parts of the world, making it necessary to explore all aspects of plant growth and development, to breed, modify and select crops adapted to such conditions. One such aspect is the xylem, where influencing the size and number of the water-transporting xylem vessels, may impact on hydraulic conductance and drought tolerance. Here, we focus on how plants adjust their root xylem as a response to reduced water availability. While xylem response has been observed in a wide array of species, most of our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying xylem plasticity comes from studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. When grown under water limiting conditions, Arabidopsis rapidly adjusts its development to produce more xylem strands with altered identity in an abscisic acid (ABA) dependent manner. Other hormones such as auxin and cytokinin are essential for vascular patterning and differentiation. Their balance can be perturbed by stress, as evidenced by the effects of enhanced jasmonic acid signaling, which results in similar xylem developmental alterations as enhanced ABA signaling. Furthermore, brassinosteroids and other signaling molecules involved in drought tolerance can also impact xylem development. Hence, a multitude of signals affect root xylem properties and, potentially, influence survival under water limiting conditions. Here, we review the likely entangled signals that govern root vascular development, and discuss the importance of taking root anatomical traits into account when breeding crops for enhanced resilience toward changes in water availability.
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Gao C, Wang M, Ding L, Chen Y, Lu Z, Hu J, Guo S. High water uptake ability was associated with root aerenchyma formation in rice: Evidence from local ammonium supply under osmotic stress conditions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 150:171-179. [PMID: 32146281 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Root water uptake is strongly influenced by the morphology and anatomical structure of roots, which are regulated by nitrogen forms and environmental stimuli. To further illustrate the roles of different nitrogen forms on root water uptake under osmotic stress, a split-root system was supplied with different nitrogen forms and osmotic stress simulated by adding 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG, 6000). The local effects of nitrogen form and osmotic stress on root morphology, anatomical structure, root lignin content, and water uptake rate were investigated. Under osmotic stress conditions, ammonium markedly promoted the formation and elongation of the lateral root, whereas a significant decrease in numbers of lateral roots was observed under local nitrate supply. Under nitrate supply in split-root systems, osmotic stress significantly promoted root cell death and more aerenchyma formation, as well as accelerated the lignification of the root. However, osmotic stress had no negative effect on the root anatomical structure under ammonium supply. The root water uptake rate was significantly higher in split-root supplied with ammonium than nitrate under osmotic stress conditions. In conclusion, the high water uptake ability in local ammonium supply was associated with the more lateral roots development and the lower cell death, aerenchyma formation and lignification under osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China; Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, 453514, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Ding
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - Yupei Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Gao X, Liu X, Ma L, Wang R. Root vertical distributions of two Artemisia species and their relationships with soil resources in the Hunshandake desert, China. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:3112-3119. [PMID: 32211181 PMCID: PMC7083654 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant root variations and their relations with soil moisture and nutrient supply have been well documented for many species, while effects of drought, combined with extreme poor soil nutrients, on plant roots remain unclear.Herein, we addressed root vertical distributions of two typical xerophyte semishrub species, Artemisia sphaerocephala and A. intramongolica, and their relations with soil moisture, total soil nitrogen and carbon contents in arid Hunshandake desert, China. The two species experienced similar light regimes and precipitation, but differed in soil moisture and soil nutrients.Root vertical distribution patterns (e.g., coarse root diameter, root depth and root biomass) differed considerable for the two species due to high heterogeneity of soil environments. Coarse and fine root biomasses for A. intramongolica, distributed in relatively moist fixed dunes, mainly focused on surface layers (94%); but those for A. sphaerocephala dropped gradually from the surface to 140 cm depth. Relations between root traits (e.g., diameter, root biomass) and soil moisture were positive for A. intramongolica, but those for A. sphaerocephala were negative.In general, the root traits for both species positively correlated with total soil nitrogen and carbon contents. These findings suggest that both soil moisture and poor soil nutrients were the limiting resources for growth and settlement of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Linna Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Renzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany The Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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54
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Nada RM, Abogadallah GM. Contrasting root traits and native regulation of aquaporin differentially determine the outcome of overexpressing a single aquaporin (OsPIP2;4) in two rice cultivars. PROTOPLASMA 2020; 257:583-595. [PMID: 31840193 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Overexpressing OsPIP2;4 in the two rice cultivars Giza178 and IR64 resulted in contrasting cultivar-dependent physiological attributes under control and drought conditions in the field. In the T3 plants, PIP2;4 expression was significantly higher in the leaves and roots of Giza178 under control but only in the roots under drought condition and higher in the leaves and roots of IR64 under control but not under drought condition compared with that in the corresponding wild types. The transgene improved the plant growth in Giza178 under both growth conditions but had no significant effect in IR64 under either condition. The transgenic lines of Giza178 recovered their leaf relative water content faster than those of the wild type in the afternoon and showed improved gas exchange parameters, water use efficiency, and grain yield, as a result of improved root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and xylem sap flow. No comparable responses were found in IR64 although Lpr and xylem sap flow were enhanced in the transgenic lines under the control condition only, suggesting that the positive effect of PIP2;4 on the well-watered leaves of IR64 was offset by the low root/shoot ratio and the inherent expression of other aquaporins. In the transgenic plants of IR64 under drought, PIP2;4 expression was not induced in the roots presumably due to an overriding post-transcription regulatory mechanisms, leading to the lack of changes in the Lpr and xylem sap flow and consequently, the plant growth, water relations, gas exchange, and grain yield were similar to the wild type. The data suggest that the outcome of overexpressing a single aquaporin gene depends on the plant architecture, internal responses to drought, and native expression of other aquaporins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Nada
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt.
| | - Gaber M Abogadallah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, 34517, Egypt
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Kim Y, Chung YS, Lee E, Tripathi P, Heo S, Kim KH. Root Response to Drought Stress in Rice ( Oryza sativa L .). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1513. [PMID: 32098434 PMCID: PMC7073213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current unpredictable climate changes are causing frequent and severe droughts. Such circumstances emphasize the need to understand the response of plants to drought stress, especially in rice, one of the most important grain crops. Knowledge of the drought stress response components is especially important in plant roots, the major organ for the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Thus, this article reviews the root response to drought stress in rice. It is presented to provide readers with information of use for their own research and breeding program for tolerance to drought stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Yong Suk Chung
- Faculty of Bioscience and Industry, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Eungyeong Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Pooja Tripathi
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (Y.K.); (P.T.)
| | - Seong Heo
- Ganghwa Agricultural Technology Service Center, Incheon 23038, Korea;
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Jeonju 54874, Korea;
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Teramoto S, Takayasu S, Kitomi Y, Arai-Sanoh Y, Tanabata T, Uga Y. High-throughput three-dimensional visualization of root system architecture of rice using X-ray computed tomography. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:66. [PMID: 32426023 PMCID: PMC7216661 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND X-ray computed tomography (CT) allows us to visualize root system architecture (RSA) beneath the soil, non-destructively and in a three-dimensional (3-D) form. However, CT scanning, reconstruction processes, and root isolation from X-ray CT volumes, take considerable time. For genetic analyses, such as quantitative trait locus mapping, which require a large population size, a high-throughput RSA visualization method is required. RESULTS We have developed a high-throughput process flow for the 3-D visualization of rice (Oryza sativa) RSA (consisting of radicle and crown roots), using X-ray CT. The process flow includes use of a uniform particle size, calcined clay to reduce the possibility of visualizing non-root segments, use of a higher tube voltage and current in the X-ray CT scanning to increase root-to-soil contrast, and use of a 3-D median filter and edge detection algorithm to isolate root segments. Using high-performance computing technology, this analysis flow requires only 10 min (33 s, if a rough image is acceptable) for CT scanning and reconstruction, and 2 min for image processing, to visualize rice RSA. This reduced time allowed us to conduct the genetic analysis associated with 3-D RSA phenotyping. In 2-week-old seedlings, 85% and 100% of radicle and crown roots were detected, when 16 cm and 20 cm diameter pots were used, respectively. The X-ray dose per scan was estimated at < 0.09 Gy, which did not impede rice growth. Using the developed process flow, we were able to follow daily RSA development, i.e., 4-D RSA development, of an upland rice variety, over 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS We developed a high-throughput process flow for 3-D rice RSA visualization by X-ray CT. The X-ray dose assay on plant growth has shown that this methodology could be applicable for 4-D RSA phenotyping. We named the RSA visualization method 'RSAvis3D' and are confident that it represents a potentially efficient application for 3-D RSA phenotyping of various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Teramoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Satoko Takayasu
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Yuka Kitomi
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Yumiko Arai-Sanoh
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | | | - Yusaku Uga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
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Jiang D, Zhou L, Chen W, Ye N, Xia J, Zhuang C. Overexpression of a microRNA-targeted NAC transcription factor improves drought and salt tolerance in Rice via ABA-mediated pathways. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:76. [PMID: 31637532 PMCID: PMC6803609 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NAC (NAM, AFAT, and CUC) transcription factors play critical roles in rice (Oryza sativa) development and stress regulation. Overexpressing a microRNA (miR164b)-resistant OsNAC2 mutant gene, which generates transcripts that cannot be targeted by miR164b, improves rice plant architecture and yield; however, the performance of these mOsNAC2-overexpressing lines, named ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4, under abiotic stress conditions such as drought have not yet been fully characterized. RESULTS In this study, we showed that the germination of ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4 seeds was delayed in comparison with the wild-type (WT) seeds, although the final germination rates of all lines were over 95%. The quantification of the endogenous ABA levels revealed that the germinating mOsNAC2-overexpressing seeds had elevated ABA levels, which resulted in their slower germination. The mOsNAC2-overexpressing plants were significantly more drought tolerance than the WT plants, with the survival rate increasing from 11.2% in the WT to nearly 70% in ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4 plants after a drought treatment. Salt (NaCl) tolerance was also increased in the ZUOErN3 and ZUOErN4 plants due to significantly increased ABA levels. A reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed a significant increase in the expression of the ABA biosynthesis genes OsNCED1 and OsNCED3 in the mOsNAC2-overexpressing lines, and the expression levels of the stress-responsive genes OsP5CS1, OsLEA3, and OsRab16 were significantly increased in these plants. Moreover, OsNAC2 directly interacted with the promoters of OsLEA3 and OsNCED3 in yeast one-hybrid assays. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show that OsNAC2 plays a positive regulatory role in drought and salt tolerance in rice through ABA-mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Laboratory Center of Basic Biology and Biotechnology, Education Department of Guangdong Province, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225 China
| | - Weiting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004 China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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De Bauw P, Vandamme E, Lupembe A, Mwakasege L, Senthilkumar K, Dramé KN, Merckx R. Anatomical root responses of rice to combined phosphorus and water stress - relations to tolerance and breeding opportunities. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:1009-1022. [PMID: 31543094 DOI: 10.1071/fp19002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drought and low P availability are major limitations for rainfed rice (Oryza spp.) production. Root anatomy plays a key role in resource acquisition and tolerance to P and water limitations. Root anatomical responses of three contrasting rice varieties to combinations of different levels of P (deficient to non-limiting) and water availability (water stress to submergence) were evaluated in two pot trials. P availability was the dominant growth-limiting factor, but anatomical root responses to water availability were more prominent than responses to P availability. Cortical cell file number and number of xylem vessels decreased as a response to water stress, but stele and xylem diameter increased. Low P availability induced thinner xylem vessels and a thinner stele. Drought tolerance related to an overall thicker root stele, thicker xylem vessels and a larger water conductance. Some root traits were observed to be more responsive to water and P availability, whereas other traits were more robust to these environmental factors but highly determined by variety. The observed genotypic variation in root anatomy provides opportunities for trait-based breeding. The plasticity of several traits to multiple environmental factors highlights the need for strategic trait selection or breeding adapted to specific target environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieterjan De Bauw
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; and Corresponding author.
| | - Elke Vandamme
- International Potato Center (CIP), PO Box 1269, Kigali, Rwanda; and Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), PO Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Allen Lupembe
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), PO Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Leah Mwakasege
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), PO Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Kalimuthu Senthilkumar
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), PO Box 33581, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; and Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), PO Box 1690, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Khady N Dramé
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 4029, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Roel Merckx
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Anupama A, Bhugra S, Lall B, Chaudhury S, Chugh A. Morphological, transcriptomic and proteomic responses of contrasting rice genotypes towards drought stress. ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 166:103795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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60
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Teramoto S, Kitomi Y, Nishijima R, Takayasu S, Maruyama N, Uga Y. Backhoe-assisted monolith method for plant root phenotyping under upland conditions. BREEDING SCIENCE 2019; 69:508-513. [PMID: 31598085 PMCID: PMC6776139 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.19019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is one of the most important traits determining water and nutrient availability for plants. Modification of RSA is known to be a useful approach for improving root performance of crops. However, for conducting root phenotyping, there are few alternatives for the rapid collection of root samples from a constant soil volume. In this report, we propose a rapid root-sampling method, which uses a steel cylinder known as round monolith and backhoes to reduce the physical effort. The monolith was set on the ground surrounding individual rice plants and vertically driven back by a backhoe. Soil samples with 20 cm width and 25 cm depth were excavated by the monolith, from which root samples were then isolated. This backhoe-assisted monolith method requires at most five minutes to collect root samples from one plant. Using this method, we quantified the root traits of three rice lines, reported to form different types of root system such as shallow-, intermediate-, and deep-roots, using a root image analysis software. The data obtained through this method, which showed the same trend as previously reported, clearly demonstrated that this method is useful for quantitative evaluation of roots in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Teramoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Yuka Kitomi
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Ryo Nishijima
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602,
Japan
| | - Satoko Takayasu
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Natsuko Maruyama
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
| | - Yusaku Uga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
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Huhmann B, Harvey CF, Uddin A, Choudhury I, Ahmed KM, Duxbury JM, Ellis T, van Geen A. Inversion of High-Arsenic Soil for Improved Rice Yield in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3410-3418. [PMID: 30816703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the primary crop in Bangladesh, and rice yield is diminished due to the buildup of arsenic (As) in soil from irrigation with high-As groundwater. Implementing a soil inversion, where deeper low-As soil is exchanged with the surface high-As soil in contact with rice roots, may mitigate the negative impacts of As on yield. We compared soil As, soil nutrients, and rice yield in control plots with those in adjacent soil inversion plots. We also estimated the quantity of soil As deposited on a yearly basis via irrigation water, to explore the longevity of a soil inversion to reduce surface As. Soil As, organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations decreased by about 40% in response to the inversion and remained lowered over four seasons of monitoring. Inversion plot yields increased above control plot yields by 15-30% after a one-season lag despite the recovering but still reduced nutrient levels. Farmers have started conducting soil inversions of their own volition, typically close to where irrigation water enters the field. However, the yield gain will be limited to a few decades at most due to deposition of As via well water, unless the field is irrigated with low-As river or pond water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Huhmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Charles F Harvey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Anjal Uddin
- Department of Geology , University of Dhaka , Dhaka 1000 , Bangladesh
| | - Imtiaz Choudhury
- Department of Geology , University of Dhaka , Dhaka 1000 , Bangladesh
| | - Kazi M Ahmed
- Department of Geology , University of Dhaka , Dhaka 1000 , Bangladesh
| | - John M Duxbury
- School of Integrative Plant Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14850 , United States
| | - Tyler Ellis
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory , Columbia University , Palisades , New York 10964 , United States
| | - Alexander van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory , Columbia University , Palisades , New York 10964 , United States
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Qaderi MM, Martel AB, Dixon SL. Environmental Factors Influence Plant Vascular System and Water Regulation. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8030065. [PMID: 30875945 PMCID: PMC6473727 DOI: 10.3390/plants8030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Developmental initiation of plant vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem, from the vascular cambium depends on environmental factors, such as temperature and precipitation. Proper formation of vascular tissue is critical for the transpiration stream, along with photosynthesis as a whole. While effects of individual environmental factors on the transpiration stream are well studied, interactive effects of multiple stress factors are underrepresented. As expected, climate change will result in plants experiencing multiple co-occurring environmental stress factors, which require further studies. Also, the effects of the main climate change components (carbon dioxide, temperature, and drought) on vascular cambium are not well understood. This review aims at synthesizing current knowledge regarding the effects of the main climate change components on the initiation and differentiation of vascular cambium, the transpiration stream, and photosynthesis. We predict that combined environmental factors will result in increased diameter and density of xylem vessels or tracheids in the absence of water stress. However, drought may decrease the density of xylem vessels or tracheids. All interactive combinations are expected to increase vascular cell wall thickness, and therefore increase carbon allocation to these tissues. A comprehensive study of the effects of multiple environmental factors on plant vascular tissue and water regulation should help us understand plant responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirwais M Qaderi
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Ashley B Martel
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Sage L Dixon
- Department of Biology, Mount Saint Vincent University, 166 Bedford Highway, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada.
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Kumar A, Nayak AK, Das BS, Panigrahi N, Dasgupta P, Mohanty S, Kumar U, Panneerselvam P, Pathak H. Effects of water deficit stress on agronomic and physiological responses of rice and greenhouse gas emission from rice soil under elevated atmospheric CO 2. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:2032-2050. [PMID: 30290346 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the foremost staple food in the world, safeguarding the global food and nutritional security. Rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and water deficits are threatening global rice productivity and sustainability. Under real field conditions these climatic factors often interact with each other resulting in impacts that are remarkably different compared to individual factor exposure. Rice soils exposed to drought and elevated CO2 (eCO2) alters the biomass, diversity and activity of soil microorganisms affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emission dynamics. In this review we have discussed the impacts of eCO2 and water deficit on agronomic, biochemical and physiological responses of rice and GHGs emissions from rice soils. Drought usually results in oxidative stress due to stomatal closure, dry weight reduction, formation of reactive oxygen species, decrease in relative water content and increase in electrolyte leakage at almost all growth and developmental phases of rice. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration reduces the negative effects of drought by improving plant water relations, reducing stomatal opening, decreasing transpiration, increasing canopy photosynthesis, shortening crop growth period and increasing the antioxidant metabolite activities in rice. Increased scientific understanding of the effects of drought and eCO2 on rice agronomy, physiology and GHG emission dynamics of rice soil is essential for devising adaptation options. Integration of novel agronomic practices viz., crop establishment methods and alternate cropping systems with improved water and nutrient management are important steps to help rice farmers cope with drought and eCO2. The review summarizes future research needs for ensuring sustained global food security under future warmer, drier and high CO2 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani Kumar
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
| | - A K Nayak
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - B S Das
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - N Panigrahi
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - P Dasgupta
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sangita Mohanty
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - P Panneerselvam
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - H Pathak
- ICAR - National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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64
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Phule AS, Barbadikar KM, Madhav MS, Subrahmanyam D, Senguttuvel P, Babu MBBP, Kumar PA. Studies on root anatomy, morphology and physiology of rice grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:197-205. [PMID: 30804642 PMCID: PMC6352520 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
With the changing climate and rainfall abrasions, there is a gradual shift in the system of rice cultivation from traditional transplanted anaerobic to aerobic system. Studies on the root anatomical and morpho-physiological traits provide insights about the adaptation under aerobic conditions. We investigated the root anatomical and morpho-physiological traits in anaerobic (BPT 5204) and aerobic (CR Dhan 202) adapted rice genotypes grown under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. It was observed that the formation of fewer aerenchyma, thickened root and larger xylem area were critical anatomical traits associated with aerobic adaptation as compared to anaerobic conditions. The root length of CR Dhan 202 significantly increased under aerobic condition which may be attributed to its aerobic adaptation in terms of water acquisition. The photosynthetic rate was significantly higher in CR Dhan 202 as compared to that of BPT 5204 under the aerobic condition. The morpho-physiological results showed that the root length, total dry weight and photosynthetic rate are the key parameters for imparting aerobic adaptation. These root anatomical and morpho-physiological traits associated with the adaptation can be used as screening criteria for phenotyping and selection of genotypes suitable for aerobic system of cultivation. Such study is expected to expedite the development of rice aerobic varieties in aerobic breeding programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol S. Phule
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, 500030 India
| | - Kalyani M. Barbadikar
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - M. S. Madhav
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - D. Subrahmanyam
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - P. Senguttuvel
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - M. B. B. Prasad Babu
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
| | - P. Ananda Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500030 India
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Nieves-Cordones M, García-Sánchez F, Pérez-Pérez JG, Colmenero-Flores JM, Rubio F, Rosales MA. Coping With Water Shortage: An Update on the Role of K +, Cl -, and Water Membrane Transport Mechanisms on Drought Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1619. [PMID: 31921262 PMCID: PMC6934057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought is now recognized as the abiotic stress that causes most problems in agriculture, mainly due to the strong water demand from intensive culture and the effects of climate change, especially in arid/semi-arid areas. When plants suffer from water deficit (WD), a plethora of negative physiological alterations such as cell turgor loss, reduction of CO2 net assimilation rate, oxidative stress damage, and nutritional imbalances, among others, can lead to a decrease in the yield production and loss of commercial quality. Nutritional imbalances in plants grown under drought stress occur by decreasing water uptake and leaf transpiration, combined by alteration of nutrient uptake and long-distance transport processes. Plants try to counteract these effects by activating drought resistance mechanisms. Correct accumulation of salts and water constitutes an important portion of these mechanisms, in particular of those related to the cell osmotic adjustment and function of stomata. In recent years, molecular insights into the regulation of K+, Cl-, and water transport under drought have been gained. Therefore, this article brings an update on this topic. Moreover, agronomical practices that ameliorate drought symptoms of crops by improving nutrient homeostasis will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieves-Cordones
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura–CSIC, Murcia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Nieves-Cordones,
| | - Francisco García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura–CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan G. Pérez-Pérez
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Agricultura Sostenible (CDAS), Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Colmenero-Flores
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura–CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rosales
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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66
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Sofi PA, Djanaguiraman M, Siddique KHM, Prasad PVV. Reproductive fitness in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under drought stress is associated with root length and volume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-018-0429-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alaguero-Cordovilla A, Gran-Gómez FJ, Tormos-Moltó S, Pérez-Pérez JM. Morphological Characterization of Root System Architecture in Diverse Tomato Genotypes during Early Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3888. [PMID: 30563085 PMCID: PMC6321557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots exploit morphological plasticity to adapt and respond to different soil environments. We characterized the root system architecture of nine wild tomato species and four cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) varieties during early growth in a controlled environment. Additionally, the root system architecture of six near-isogenic lines from the tomato 'Micro-Tom' mutant collection was also studied. These lines were affected in key genes of ethylene, abscisic acid, and anthocyanin pathways. We found extensive differences between the studied lines for a number of meaningful morphological traits, such as lateral root distribution, lateral root length or adventitious root development, which might represent adaptations to local soil conditions during speciation and subsequent domestication. Taken together, our results provide a general quantitative framework for comparing root system architecture in tomato seedlings and other related species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Tormos-Moltó
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain.
- OQOTECH Process Validation System, 03801 Alcoy, Spain.
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68
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Hazman M, Brown KM. Progressive drought alters architectural and anatomical traits of rice roots. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:62. [PMID: 30511228 PMCID: PMC6277260 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root architectural and anatomical phenotypes are important for adaptation to drought. Many rice-growing regions face increasing water scarcity. This study describes drought responses of 11 Egyptian rice cultivars with emphasis on plastic root responses that may enhance drought adaptation. RESULTS Eleven Egyptian rice cultivars were phenotyped for root architectural and anatomical traits after 6 weeks growth in soil mesocosms under well-watered conditions. Four of these cultivars were more intensively phenotyped under progressive drought stress in mesocosms, using a system where more moisture was available at depth than near the surface. In response to drought stress, all cultivars significantly reduced nodal root number while increasing large lateral root branching density and total lateral root length in the deepest portions of the mesocosm, where moisture was available. Nodal root cross-sectional area, but not stele area, was reduced by drought stress, especially in the basal segments of the root, and the number of late metaxylem vessels was reduced in only one cultivar. Alterations in deposition of lignin were detected by UV illumination from laser ablation tomography, enhanced by digital staining, and confirmed with standard histochemical methods. In well-watered plants, the sclerenchyma and endodermis were heavily lignified, and lignin was also visible throughout the epidermis and cortex. Under drought stress, very little lignin was detected in the outer cell layers and none in the cortex of nodal roots, but lignin deposition was enhanced in the stele. Root anatomical phenes, including cross-section area and metaxylem vessel number and lignin deposition varied dramatically along large lateral root axes under drought stress, with increasing diameter and less lignification of the stele in successive samples taken from the base to the root apex. CONCLUSIONS Root architectural and anatomical traits varied significantly among a set of Egyptian cultivars. Most traits were plastic, i.e. changed significantly with drought treatment, and, in many cases, plasticity was cultivar-dependent. These phenotypic alterations may function to enhance water uptake efficiency. Increased large lateral root branching in the deep soil should maintain water acquisition, while water transport during drought should be secured with a more extensively lignified stele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hazman
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, University Park, PA, 16802-4200, USA
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), 9 Gamma St., Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 102 Tyson Building, University Park, University Park, PA, 16802-4200, USA.
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Abstract
Plant roots play a significant role in plant growth by exploiting soil resources via the uptake of water and nutrients. Root traits such as fine root diameter, specific root length, specific root area, root angle, and root length density are considered useful traits for improving plant productivity under drought conditions. Therefore, understanding interactions between roots and their surrounding soil environment is important, which can be improved through root phenotyping. With the advancement in technologies, many tools have been developed for root phenotyping. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been considered a good technique for field phenotyping of crops under drought and is used to estimate crop yield as well as root traits in relation to drought tolerance. Both laboratory and field-based methods for phenotyping root traits have been developed including soil sampling, mini-rhizotron, rhizotrons, thermography and non-soil techniques. Recently, a non-invasive approach of X-ray computed tomography (CT) has provided a break-through to study the root architecture in three dimensions (3-D). This review summarizes methods for root phenotyping. On the basis of this review, it can be concluded that root traits are useful characters to be included in future breeding programs and for selecting better cultivars to increase crop yield under water-limited environments.
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70
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Ding L, Lu Z, Gao L, Guo S, Shen Q. Is Nitrogen a Key Determinant of Water Transport and Photosynthesis in Higher Plants Upon Drought Stress? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1143. [PMID: 30186291 PMCID: PMC6113670 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major global issue limiting agricultural productivity. Plants respond to drought stress through a series of physiological, cellular, and molecular changes for survival. The regulation of water transport and photosynthesis play crucial roles in improving plants' drought tolerance. Nitrogen (N, ammonium and nitrate) is an essential macronutrient for plants, and it can affect many aspects of plant growth and metabolic pathways, including water relations and photosynthesis. This review focuses on how drought stress affects water transport and photosynthesis, including the regulation of hydraulic conductance, aquaporin expression, and photosynthesis. It also discusses the cross talk between N, water transport, and drought stress in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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71
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Anupama A, Bhugra S, Lall B, Chaudhury S, Chugh A. Assessing the correlation of genotypic and phenotypic responses of indica rice varieties under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:343-354. [PMID: 29655154 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the severe abiotic stress that affects the productivity of rice, an important staple crop that is consumed all over the world. The traits responsible for enhancing or adapting drought resistance in rice plants can be selected and studied to improve their growth under stress conditions. Experiments have been conducted on indica rice varieties comprising Sahabhagidhan as drought tolerant variety and IR64, MTU1010 categorized as drought sensitive varieties. Various root related biochemical and morphological traits such as root length, relative water content (RWC), xylem number, xylem area, proline content, and malondialdehyde content have been investigated for a comparative study of the plant response to drought stress in different rice varieties. The results of differential root transcriptome analysis have revealed that there is a notable difference in gene expression of OsPIP2;5 and OsNIP2;1 in various indica varieties of rice at different time periods of stress. The present work aims at assessing the correlation between genotypic and phenotypic traits that can contribute towards the emerging field of rice phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Anupama
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Swati Bhugra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Brejesh Lall
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Santanu Chaudhury
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
| | - Archana Chugh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
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72
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Tardieu F, Simonneau T, Muller B. The Physiological Basis of Drought Tolerance in Crop Plants: A Scenario-Dependent Probabilistic Approach. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:733-759. [PMID: 29553801 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought tolerance involves mechanisms operating at different spatial and temporal scales, from rapid stomatal closure to maintenance of crop yield. We review how short-term mechanisms are controlled for stabilizing shoot water potential and how long-term processes have been constrained by evolution or breeding to fit into acclimation strategies for specific drought scenarios. These short- or long-term feedback processes participate in trade-offs between carbon accumulation and the risk of deleterious soil water depletion. Corresponding traits and alleles may therefore have positive or negative effects on crop yield depending on drought scenarios. We propose an approach that analyzes the genetic architecture of traits in phenotyping platforms and of yield in tens of field experiments. A combination of modeling and genomic prediction is then used to estimate the comparative interests of combinations of alleles depending on drought scenarios. Hence, drought tolerance is understood probabilistically by estimating the benefit and risk of each combination of alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tardieu
- INRA, Université Montpellier, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Thierry Simonneau
- INRA, Université Montpellier, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Bertrand Muller
- INRA, Université Montpellier, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, F-34060 Montpellier, France;
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73
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Suralta RR, Niones JM, Kano-Nakata M, Thi Tran T, Mitsuya S, Yamauchi A. Plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan triggered by rewatering during soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531273 PMCID: PMC5847610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainfed lowland (RFL) rice fields have hardpans and experience soil moisture fluctuations (SMF) stress, which influence root system development. Here, we clarify the expression and timing of the plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan under SMF and its contribution to shoot growth using a shallow-rooting IR64 and its deep-rooting introgression line, YTH304. Under SMF, soil moisture content had negative relationship with soil penetration resistance, regardless of hardpan bulk densities. YTH304 had greater root system below the hardpan than IR64 in hardpan with 1.50 but not in 1.70 g cm-3 bulk density (BD). YTH304 had greater plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan than IR64 under SMF, which was clearly expressed during rewatering. YTH304 also had greater soil water uptake below the hardpan during drought and greater shoot growth than IR64. The results imply that deep root system development during SMF was due to the plasticity in nodal root elongation through the hardpan expressed during rewatering rather than during drought periods. This is against the long standing belief that active root elongation through the hardpan happens during drought. This also implies a need to revisit current root screening methods to identify rice lines with good hardpan penetration ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Rodriguez Suralta
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464 8601, Japan.,Crop Biotechnology Center, Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3119, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Manito Niones
- Crop Biotechnology Center, Philippine Rice Research Institute, Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3119, Philippines
| | - Mana Kano-Nakata
- International Cooperation Center for Agricultural Education, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464 8601, Japan
| | - Thiem Thi Tran
- Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trauquy, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shiro Mitsuya
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464 8601, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464 8601, Japan.
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Dhakarey R, Raorane ML, Treumann A, Peethambaran PK, Schendel RR, Sahi VP, Hause B, Bunzel M, Henry A, Kohli A, Riemann M. Physiological and Proteomic Analysis of the Rice Mutant cpm2 Suggests a Negative Regulatory Role of Jasmonic Acid in Drought Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1903. [PMID: 29250082 PMCID: PMC5715382 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
It is widely known that numerous adaptive responses of drought-stressed plants are stimulated by chemical messengers known as phytohormones. Jasmonic acid (JA) is one such phytohormone. But there are very few reports revealing its direct implication in drought related responses or its cross-talk with other phytohormones. In this study, we compared the morpho-physiological traits and the root proteome of a wild type (WT) rice plant with its JA biosynthesis mutant coleoptile photomorphogenesis 2 (cpm2), disrupted in the allene oxide cyclase (AOC) gene, for insights into the role of JA under drought. The mutant had higher stomatal conductance, higher water use efficiency and higher shoot ABA levels under severe drought as compared to the WT. Notably, roots of cpm2 were better developed compared to the WT under both, control and drought stress conditions. Root proteome was analyzed using the Tandem Mass Tag strategy to better understand this difference at the molecular level. Expectedly, AOC was unique but notably highly abundant under drought in the WT. Identification of other differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) suggested increased energy metabolism (i.e., increased mobilization of resources) and reactive oxygen species scavenging in cpm2 under drought. Additionally, various proteins involved in secondary metabolism, cell growth and cell wall synthesis were also more abundant in cpm2 roots. Proteome-guided transcript, metabolite, and histological analyses provided further insights into the favorable adaptations and responses, most likely orchestrated by the lack of JA, in the cpm2 roots. Our results in cpm2 are discussed in the light of JA crosstalk to other phytohormones. These results together pave the path for understanding the precise role of JA during drought stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Dhakarey
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Manish L. Raorane
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Achim Treumann
- Newcastle University Protein and Proteome Analysis, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachel R. Schendel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vaidurya P. Sahi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Bettina Hause
- Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Ajay Kohli
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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75
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Debieu M, Kanfany G, Laplaze L. Pearl Millet Genome: Lessons from a Tough Crop. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:911-913. [PMID: 28939172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet is an important cereal for food security in the arid regions of Africa and India. The recently published genome of this tough cereal crop has shed new light on its history and adaptation to dry, hot climates and paves the way for much-needed genomic-based breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyne Debieu
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ghislain Kanfany
- Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal; Centre d'Etudes Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sècheresse (CERAAS), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, BP 3320, Route de Khombole, Thiès, Senegal
| | - Laurent Laplaze
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes (DIADE), 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Laboratoire Mixte International Adaptation des Plantes et Microorganismes Associés aux Stress Environnementaux (LAPSE), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal; Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/ISRA/UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, Dakar, Senegal.
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Kadam NN, Tamilselvan A, Lawas LMF, Quinones C, Bahuguna RN, Thomson MJ, Dingkuhn M, Muthurajan R, Struik PC, Yin X, Jagadish SVK. Genetic Control of Plasticity in Root Morphology and Anatomy of Rice in Response to Water Deficit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:2302-2315. [PMID: 28600346 PMCID: PMC5543957 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the genetic control of rooting behavior under water-deficit stress is essential to breed climate-robust rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars. Using a diverse panel of 274 indica genotypes grown under control and water-deficit conditions during vegetative growth, we phenotyped 35 traits, mostly related to root morphology and anatomy, involving 45,000 root-scanning images and nearly 25,000 cross sections from the root-shoot junction. The phenotypic plasticity of these traits was quantified as the relative change in trait value under water-deficit compared with control conditions. We then carried out a genome-wide association analysis on these traits and their plasticity, using 45,608 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms. One hundred four significant loci were detected for these traits under control conditions, 106 were detected under water-deficit stress, and 76 were detected for trait plasticity. We predicted 296 (control), 284 (water-deficit stress), and 233 (plasticity) a priori candidate genes within linkage disequilibrium blocks for these loci. We identified key a priori candidate genes regulating root growth and development and relevant alleles that, upon validation, can help improve rice adaptation to water-deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niteen N Kadam
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anandhan Tamilselvan
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
- Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lovely M F Lawas
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Cherryl Quinones
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Rajeev N Bahuguna
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Michael J Thomson
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Michael Dingkuhn
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, The Philippines
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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Lou Q, Chen L, Mei H, Xu K, Wei H, Feng F, Li T, Pang X, Shi C, Luo L, Zhong Y. Root Transcriptomic Analysis Revealing the Importance of Energy Metabolism to the Development of Deep Roots in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1314. [PMID: 28798764 PMCID: PMC5526896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought is the most serious abiotic stress limiting rice production, and deep root is the key contributor to drought avoidance. However, the genetic mechanism regulating the development of deep roots is largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptomes of 74 root samples from 37 rice varieties, representing the extreme genotypes of shallow or deep rooting, were surveyed by RNA-seq. The 13,242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between deep rooting and shallow rooting varieties (H vs. L) were enriched in the pathway of genetic information processing and metabolism, while the 1,052 DEGs between the deep roots and shallow roots from each of the plants (D vs. S) were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways especially energy metabolism. Ten quantitative trait transcripts (QTTs) were identified and some were involved in energy metabolism. Forty-nine candidate DEGs were confirmed by qRT-PCR and microarray. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we found 18 hub genes. Surprisingly, all these hub genes expressed higher in deep roots than in shallow roots, furthermore half of them functioned in energy metabolism. We also estimated that the ATP production in the deep roots was faster than shallow roots. Our results provided a lot of reliable candidate genes to improve deep rooting, and firstly highlight the importance of energy metabolism to the development of deep roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Lou
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | - Hanwei Mei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | - Haibin Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | - Fangjun Feng
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | - Tiemei Li
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | | | - Caiping Shi
- Shanghai Majorbio Bio-Pharm Technology Co., Ltd.Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene CenterShanghai, China
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
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78
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Li S, Zuo Q, Wang X, Ma W, Jin X, Shi J, Ben-Gal A. Characterizing roots and water uptake in a ground cover rice production system. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180713. [PMID: 28686687 PMCID: PMC5501594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Water-saving ground cover rice production systems (GCRPS) are gaining popularity in many parts of the world. We aimed to describe the characteristics of root growth, morphology, distribution, and water uptake for a GCRPS. Methods A traditional paddy rice production system (TPRPS) was compared with GCRPS in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse, GCRPS where root zone average soil water content was kept near saturation (GCRPSsat), field capacity (GCRPSfwc) and 80% field capacity (GCRPS80%), were evaluated. In a two-year field experiment, GCRPSsat and GCRPS80% were applied. Results Similar results were found in greenhouse and field experiments. Before mid-tillering the upper soil temperature was higher for GCRPS, leading to enhanced root dry weight, length, surface area, specific root length, and smaller diameter of roots but lower water uptake rate per root length compared to TPRPS. In subsequent growth stages, the reduced soil water content under GCRPS caused that the preponderance of root growth under GCRPSsat disappeared in comparison to TPRPS. Under other GCRPS treatments (GCRPSfwc and GCRPS80%), significant limitation on root growth, bigger root diameter and higher water uptake rate per root length were found. Conclusions Discrepancies in soil water and temperature between TPRPS and GCRPS caused adjustments to root growth, morphology, distribution and function. Even though drought stress was inevitable after mid-tillering under GCRPS, especially GCRPS80%, similar or even enhanced root water uptake capacity in comparison to TPRPS might promote allocation of photosynthetic products to shoots and increase water productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zuo
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jianchu Shi
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Alon Ben-Gal
- Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, Negev, Israel
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79
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Tylová E, Pecková E, Blascheová Z, Soukup A. Casparian bands and suberin lamellae in exodermis of lateral roots: an important trait of roots system response to abiotic stress factors. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 120:71-85. [PMID: 28605408 PMCID: PMC5737840 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Root absorptive characteristics rely on the presence of apoplastic barriers. However, little is known about the establishment of these barriers within a complex root system, particularly in a major portion of them - the lateral roots. In Zea mays L., the exodermis differentiates under the influence of growth conditions. Therefore, the species presents a suitable model to elucidate the cross-talk among environmental conditions, branching pattern and the maturation of barriers within a complex root system involved in the definition of the plant-soil interface. The study describes the extent to which lateral roots differentiate apoplastic barriers in response to changeable environmental conditions. Methods The branching, permeability of the outer cell layers and differentiation of the endo- and exodermis were studied in primary roots and various laterals under different types of stress of agronomic importance (salinity, heavy metal toxicity, hypoxia, etc.). Histochemical methods, image analysis and apoplastic tracer assays were utilized. Key Results The results show that the impact of growth conditions on the differentiation of both the endodermis and exodermis is modulated according to the type/diameter of the root. Fine laterals clearly represent that portion of a complex root system with a less advanced state of barrier differentiation, but with substantial ability to modify exodermis differentiation in response to environmental conditions. In addition, some degree of autonomy in exodermal establishment of Casparian bands (CBs) vs. suberin lamellae (SLs) was observed, as the absence of lignified exodermal CBs did not always fit with the lack of SLs. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of lateral roots, and provides a first look into the developmental variations of apoplastic barriers within a complex root system. It emphasizes that branching and differentiation of barriers in fine laterals may substantially modulate the root system-rhizosphere interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Tylová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pecková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Blascheová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Soukup
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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80
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Gao C, Ding L, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhu J, Gu M, Li Y, Xu G, Shen Q, Guo S. Nitrate increases ethylene production and aerenchyma formation in roots of lowland rice plants under water stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:430-442. [PMID: 32480576 DOI: 10.1071/fp16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene increases root cortical aerenchyma formation in maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and other species. To further investigate the effects of nitrate, ammonium and water stress on ethylene production and aerenchyma formation in roots, two lowland rice cultivars (Shanyou 63, hybrid indica, and Yangdao 6, inbred indica) were cultured hydroponically with 10% (w/v) polyethylene glycol to simulate water stress. Water stress decreased shoot biomass, stomatal conductivity and leaf water potential in cultivars fed with nitrate but not with ammonium. Water stress induced more aerenchyma formation in cultivars fed with nitrate rather than ammonium, and increased cortical aerenchyma was found in Yangdao 6. Endogenous ethylene production by roots increased significantly under water stress in plants fed with nitrate rather than ammonium. Exogenous ethylene stimulated root cortical aerenchyma formation. Expression of the ethylene biosynthesis gene 1-aminocyclo-propane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS5) was greater in roots fed with nitrate rather than ammonium in the presence and absence of water stress. The expression of ethylene signalling pathway genes involved in programmed cell death (lesion-simulating disease (L.S.D.)1.1 and L.S.D.2; enhanced disease susceptibility (EDS) and phytoalexin-deficient (PAD4)) were regulated by the N form and water stress. In plants of cultivars fed with ammonium, L.S.D.1.1 expression increased under water stress, whereas L.S.D.2, EDS and PAD4 expression decreased. In conclusion, nitrate increases ethylene production and cortical aerenchyma formation in roots of water-stressed lowland rice. However, ammonium increased L.S.D.1.1 expression in water-stressed roots, and decreased ACS5, EDS and PAD4 expression, which would inhibit ethylene production and aerenchyma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuimin Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lei Ding
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yupei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mian Gu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Li
- Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing 210095, China
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81
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Meng D, Fricke W. Changes in root hydraulic conductivity facilitate the overall hydraulic response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to salt and osmotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 113:64-77. [PMID: 28189051 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to assess the significance of changes in root AQP gene expression and hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in the regulation of water balance in two hydroponically-grown rice cultivars (Azucena, Bala) which differ in root morphology, stomatal regulation and aquaporin (AQP) isoform expression. Plants were exposed to NaCl (25 mM, 50 mM) and osmotic stress (5%, 10% PEG6000). Root Lp was determined for exuding root systems (osmotic forces driving water uptake; 'exudation Lp') and transpiring plants (hydrostatic forces dominating; 'transpiration-Lp'). Gene expression was analysed by qPCR. Stress treatments caused a consistent and significant decrease in plant growth, transpirational water loss, stomatal conductance, shoot-to-root surface area ratio and root Lp. Comparison of exudation-with transpiration-Lp supported a significant contribution of AQP-facilitated water flow to root water uptake. Changes in root Lp in response to treatments were correlated much stronger with root morphological characteristics, such as the number of main and lateral roots, surface area ratio of root to shoot and plant transpiration rate than with AQP gene expression. Changes in root Lp, involving AQP function, form an integral part of the plant hydraulic response to stress and facilitate changes in the root-to-shoot surface area ratio, transpiration and stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Meng
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
| | - Wieland Fricke
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.
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82
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Ishikawa-Sakurai J, Murai-Hatano M, Hayashi H, Matsunami M, Kuwagata T. Rice aquaporins and their responses to environmental stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3117/rootres.26.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ishikawa-Sakurai
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | | | - Hidehiro Hayashi
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | - Maya Matsunami
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO
- JSPS Research Fellow
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83
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Claverie E, Schoppach R, Sadok W. Nighttime evaporative demand induces plasticity in leaf and root hydraulic traits. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:402-413. [PMID: 27235372 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that nocturnal transpiration rate (TRN ) is a non-negligible contributor to global water cycles. Short-term variation in nocturnal vapor pressure deficit (VPDN ) has been suggested to be a key environmental variable influencing TRN . However, the long-term effects of VPDN on plant growth and development remain unknown, despite recent evidence documenting long-term effects of daytime VPD on plant anatomy, growth and productivity. Here we hypothesized that plant anatomical and functional traits influencing leaf and root hydraulics could be influenced by long-term exposure to VPDN . A total of 23 leaf and root traits were examined on four wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes, which were subjected to two long-term (30 day long) growth experiments where daytime VPD and daytime/nighttime temperature regimes were kept identical, with variation only stemming from VPDN , imposed at two levels (0.4 and 1.4 kPa). The VPDN treatment did not influence phenology, leaf areas, dry weights, number of tillers or their dry weights, consistently with a drought and temperature-independent treatment. In contrast, vein densities, adaxial stomata densities, TRN and cuticular TR, were strongly increased following exposure to high VPDN . Simultaneously, whole-root system xylem sap exudation and seminal root endodermis thickness were decreased, hypothetically indicating a change in root hydraulic properties. Overall these results suggest that plants 'sense' and adapt to variations in VPDN conditions over developmental scales by optimizing both leaf and root hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Claverie
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Rémy Schoppach
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108-6026, USA
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84
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Song J, Ye G, Qian Z, Ye Q. Virus-induced plasma membrane aquaporin PsPIP2;1 silencing inhibits plant water transport of Pisum sativum. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2016; 57:15. [PMID: 28597425 PMCID: PMC5430582 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporins (AQPs) are known to facilitate water transport across cell membranes, but the role of a single AQP in regulating plant water transport, particularly in plants other than Arabidopsis remains largely unexplored. In the present study, a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique was employed to suppress the expression of a specific plasma membrane aquaporin PsPIP2;1 of Pea plants (Pisum sativum), and subsequent effects of the gene suppression on root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr), leaf hydraulic conductivity (K leaf ), root cell hydraulic conductivity (Lprc), and leaf cell hydraulic conductivity (Lplc) were investigated, using hydroponically grown Pea plants. RESULTS Compared with control plants, VIGS-PsPIP2;1 plants displayed a significant suppression of PsPIP2;1 in both roots and leaves, while the expression of other four PIP isoforms (PsPIP1;1, PsPIP1;2, PsPIP2;2, and PsPIP2;3) that were simultaneously monitored were not altered. As a consequence, significant declines in water transport of VIGS-PsPIP2;1 plants were observed at both organ and cell levels, i.e., as compared to control plants, Lpr and K leaf were reduced by 29 %, and Lprc and Lplc were reduced by 20 and 29 %, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that PsPIP2;1 alone contributes substantially to root and leaf water transport in Pea plants, and highlight VIGS a useful tool for investigating the role of a single AQP in regulating plant water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650 Guangdong China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhengjiang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650 China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650 Guangdong China
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85
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Vejchasarn P, Lynch JP, Brown KM. Genetic Variability in Phosphorus Responses of Rice Root Phenotypes. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 9:29. [PMID: 27294384 PMCID: PMC4905936 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-016-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low phosphorus availability is a major factor limiting rice productivity. Since root traits determine phosphorus acquisition efficiency, they are logical selection targets for breeding rice with higher productivity in low phosphorus soils. Before using these traits for breeding, it is necessary to identify genetic variation and to assess the plasticity of each trait in response to the environment. In this study, we measured phenotypic variation and effect of phosphorus deficiency on root architectural, morphological and anatomical traits in 15 rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes. Rice plants were grown with diffusion-limited phosphorus using solid-phase buffered phosphorus to mimic realistic phosphorus availability conditions. RESULTS Shoot dry weight, tiller number, plant height, number of nodal roots and shoot phosphorus content were reduced under low phosphorus availability. Phosphorus deficiency significantly reduced large lateral root density and small and large lateral root length in all genotypes, though the degree of plasticity and relative allocation of root length between the two root classes varied among genotypes. Root hair length and density increased in all genotypes in response to low phosphorus. Nodal root cross-sectional area was significantly less under low phosphorus availability, and reduced cortical area was disproportionately responsible for this decline. Phosphorus deficiency caused a 20 % increase in the percent cortical area converted to aerenchyma. Total stele area and meta-xylem vessel area responses to low phosphorus differed significantly among genotypes. Phosphorus treatment did not significantly affect theoretical water conductance overall, but increased or reduced it in a few genotypes. All genotypes had restricted water conductance at the base of the nodal root compared to other positions along the root axis. CONCLUSIONS There was substantial genetic variation for all root traits investigated. Low phosphorus availability significantly affected most traits, often to an extent that varied with the genotype. With the exception of stele and meta-xylem vessel area, root responses to low phosphorus were in the same direction for all genotypes tested. Therefore, phenotypic evaluations conducted with adequate fertility should be useful for genetic mapping studies and identifying potential sources of trait variation, but these should be confirmed in low-phosphorus environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanchita Vejchasarn
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Present address: Ubonratchathani Rice Research Center, Ubon Ratchathani, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kathleen M Brown
- Department of Plant Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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86
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Calvo-Polanco M, Sánchez-Castro I, Cantos M, García JL, Azcón R, Ruiz-Lozano JM, Beuzón CR, Aroca R. Effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal backgrounds and soils on olive plants growth and water relation properties under well-watered and drought conditions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2498-2514. [PMID: 27448529 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation capacity of olive trees to different environments is well recognized. However, the presence of microorganisms in the soil is also a key factor in the response of these trees to drought. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effects of different arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi coming from diverse soils on olive plant growth and water relations. Olive plants were inoculated with native AM fungal populations from two contrasting environments, that is, semi-arid - Freila (FL) and humid - Grazalema (GZ) regions, and subjected to drought stress. Results showed that plants grew better on GZ soil inoculated with GZ fungi, indicating a preference of AM fungi for their corresponding soil. Furthermore, under these conditions, the highest AM fungal diversity was found. However, the highest root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr ) value was achieved by plants inoculated with GZ fungi and growing in FL soil under drought conditions. So, this AM inoculum also functioned in soils from different origins. Nine novel aquaporin genes were also cloned from olive roots. Diverse correlation and association values were found among different aquaporin expressions and abundances and Lpr , indicating how the interaction of different aquaporins may render diverse Lpr values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Calvo-Polanco
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, 18008, Spain
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, SupAgro/INRA UMR 5004. 2, Place Viala, Montpellier, Cedex 2 34060, France
| | - Iván Sánchez-Castro
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Manuel Cantos
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - José Luis García
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología (CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes, 10, Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Rosario Azcón
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz-Lozano
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, 18008, Spain
| | - Carmen R Beuzón
- Department of Cellular Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Campus de Teatinos, University of Málaga, Málaga, 29010, Spain
| | - Ricardo Aroca
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, Granada, 18008, Spain.
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87
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Henry A, Wehler R, Grondin A, Franke R, Quintana M. Environmental and physiological effects on grouping of drought-tolerant and susceptible rice varieties related to rice (Oryza sativa) root hydraulics under drought. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:711-724. [PMID: 27192712 PMCID: PMC5055623 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Root hydraulic limitations (i.e. intra-plant restrictions to water movement) may be related to crop performance under drought, and groupings in the hydraulic function of drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible rice (Oryza sativa) varieties have been previously reported. This study aimed to better understand the environmental and physiological relationships with rice root hydraulics under drought. Methods Xylem sap bleeding rates in the field (gsap g-1shoot) were measured on seasonal and diurnal time frames, during which time environmental conditions were monitored and physiological measurements were conducted. Complementary experiments on the effects of vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on root hydraulic conductivity and on transpiration rates of de-rooted tillers were conducted in growth chambers. Key Results The diurnal effects on bleeding rate were more closely related to irradiance than VPD, and VPD effects on root hydraulic conductivity measured on 21-day-old plants were due to effects on plant growth including root surface area, maximum root depth and root:shoot ratio. Leaf osmotic potential was related to the grouping of drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible varieties in rice root hydraulics, and these groupings were independent of differences in phenology. Low single-tiller bleeding rates were observed under high evapo-transpirational demand, higher bleeding rates were observed at more negative leaf osmotic potentials in drought-susceptible varieties, and drought-tolerant and susceptible varieties differed in the VPD-induced increase in transpiration rates of de-rooted tillers. Low root suberin amounts in some of the drought-susceptible varieties may have resulted in higher ion transport, as evidenced by higher sap K+ concentration and higher bleeding rates in those varieties. Conclusions These results provide evidence of the environmental effects on shoots that can influence root hydraulics. The consistent groupings of drought-tolerant and susceptible varieties suggest that traits affecting plant osmotic status may regulate root hydraulic response to drought in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines and
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Abstract
Plants in their natural habitats adapt to drought stress in the environment through a variety of mechanisms, ranging from transient responses to low soil moisture to major survival mechanisms of escape by early flowering in absence of seasonal rainfall. However, crop plants selected by humans to yield products such as grain, vegetable, or fruit in favorable environments with high inputs of water and fertilizer are expected to yield an economic product in response to inputs. Crop plants selected for their economic yield need to survive drought stress through mechanisms that maintain crop yield. Studies on model plants for their survival under stress do not, therefore, always translate to yield of crop plants under stress, and different aspects of drought stress response need to be emphasized. The crop plant model rice ( Oryza sativa) is used here as an example to highlight mechanisms and genes for adaptation of crop plants to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratim Basu
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Venkategowda Ramegowda
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
| | - Andy Pereira
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA
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89
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Wang F, Coe RA, Karki S, Wanchana S, Thakur V, Henry A, Lin HC, Huang J, Peng S, Quick WP. Overexpression of OsSAP16 Regulates Photosynthesis and the Expression of a Broad Range of Stress Response Genes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157244. [PMID: 27303811 PMCID: PMC4909303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to identify and characterize transcription factors regulating photosynthesis in rice. Screening populations of rice T-DNA activation lines led to the identification of a T-DNA mutant with an increase in intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) under well-watered conditions. Flanking sequence analysis showed that the T-DNA construct was located upstream of LOC_Os07g38240 (OsSAP16) encoding for a stress-associated protein (SAP). A second mutant identified with activation in the same gene exhibited the same phenotype; expression of OsSAP16 was shown to be enhanced in both lines. There were no differences in stomatal development or morphology in either of these mutants, although overexpression of OsSAP16 reduced stomatal conductance. This phenotype limited CO2 uptake and the rate of photosynthesis, which resulted in the accumulation of less biomass in the two mutants. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that overexpression of OsSAP16 led to global changes in gene expression consistent with the function of zinc-finger transcription factors. These results show that the gene is involved in modulating the response of rice to drought stress through regulation of the expression of a set of stress-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430070, China
| | - Robert A Coe
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Shanta Karki
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Samart Wanchana
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Vivek Thakur
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- Crop and Environmental Science Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lin
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Jianliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430070, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430070, China
| | - William Paul Quick
- C4 Rice Center, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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90
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Grondin A, Mauleon R, Vadez V, Henry A. Root aquaporins contribute to whole plant water fluxes under drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:347-65. [PMID: 26226878 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin activity and root anatomy may affect root hydraulic properties under drought stress. To better understand the function of aquaporins in rice root water fluxes under drought, we studied the root hydraulic conductivity (Lpr) and root sap exudation rate (Sr) in the presence or absence of an aquaporin inhibitor (azide) under well-watered conditions and following drought stress in six diverse rice varieties. Varieties varied in Lpr and Sr under both conditions. The contribution of aquaporins to Lpr was generally high (up to 79% under well-watered conditions and 85% under drought stress) and differentially regulated under drought. Aquaporin contribution to Sr increased in most varieties after drought, suggesting a crucial role for aquaporins in osmotic water fluxes during drought and recovery. Furthermore, root plasma membrane aquaporin (PIP) expression and root anatomical properties were correlated with hydraulic traits. Three chromosome regions highly correlated with hydraulic traits of the OryzaSNP panel were identified, but did not co-locate with known aquaporins. These results therefore highlight the importance of aquaporins in the rice root radial water pathway, but emphasize the complex range of additional mechanisms related to root water fluxes and drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Grondin
- International Rice Research Institute, Crop Environmental Sciences Division, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ramil Mauleon
- International Rice Research Institute, Crop Environmental Sciences Division, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Vincent Vadez
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Crop Environmental Sciences Division, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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91
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Singh R, Pandey N, Kumar A, Shirke PA. Physiological performance and differential expression profiling of genes associated with drought tolerance in root tissue of four contrasting varieties of two Gossypium species. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:163-74. [PMID: 25802007 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Root growth in drying soil is generally limited by a combination of mechanical impedance and water stress. As the major function of root tissue is water and nutrient uptake, so it imparts an important role in plant growth and stress management. Previously, we have studied physiological performance and expression profiling of gene associated with drought tolerance in leaf tissue of four cotton varieties. Here, we have further continued our studies with the root tissue of these varieties. The Gossypium hirsutum species JKC-770 is drought-tolerant and KC-2 is drought-sensitive, while Gossypium herbaceum species JKC-717 is drought-tolerant and RAHS-187 is drought-sensitive. JKC-770 and JKC-717 the drought-tolerant varieties showed a comparatively high glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, proline along with their gene expression, and low malondialdehyde content indicating low membrane damage and better antioxidative defense under drought condition. The expression levels of cellulose synthase, xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase, and glycosyl hydrolases suggest modulation in cell wall structure and partitioning of sugars towards osmoprotectants instead of cell wall biosynthesis in tolerant varieties. Heat shock proteins and serine/threonine protein phosphotases show upregulation under drought condition, which are responsible for temperature tolerance and protein phosphorylation, respectively. These effects many metabolic processes and may be playing a key role in drought tolerance and adaptability of JKC-770 towards drought tolerance. The long-term water use efficiency (WUE) estimated in terms of carbon isotope discrimination (∆(13)C) in the root tissues showed maximum depletion in the ∆(13)C values in JKC-770 variety, while minimum in RAHS-187 under drought stress with reference to their respective control, suggesting a high WUE in JKC-770 variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Singh
- Plant Physiology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Neha Pandey
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Plant Physiology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Pramod A Shirke
- Plant Physiology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
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92
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Chen S, Luo Y, Ding G, Xu F. Comparative analysis of Brassica napus plasma membrane proteins under phosphorus deficiency using label-free and MaxQuant-based proteomics approaches. J Proteomics 2015; 133:144-152. [PMID: 26746009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a primary constraint for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. To better understand the genotypic differences in the adaptation mechanism of Brassica napus to P deficiency, we purified the plasma membrane (PM) from the roots of two genotypes: P-efficient "Eyou Changjia" and P-inefficient "B104-2". Combining label-free quantitative proteomics with the MaxQuant approach, a total of 71 proteins that significantly changed in abundances were identified in the two genotypes in response to P-free starvation, including 31 in "Eyou Changjia" and 40 in "B104-2". Based on comparative genomics study, 28 proteins were mapped to the confidence intervals of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for P efficiency related traits. Seven decreased proteins with transporter activity were found to be located in the PM by subcellular localization analyses. These proteins involved in intracellular protein transport and ATP hydrolysis coupled proton transport were mapped to the QTL for P content and dry weight. Compared with "B104-2", more decreased proteins referring to transporter activity were found in "Eyou Changjia", showing that substance exchange was decreased in response to short-term P-free starvation. Together with the finding, more decreased proteins functioning in signal transduction and protein synthesis/degradation suggested that "Eyou Changjia" could slow the progression of growth and save more P in response to short-term P-free starvation. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE P deficiency seriously limits the production and quality of B. napus. Roots absorb water and nutrients and anchor the plant in the soil. Therefore, to study root PM proteome under P stress would be helpful to understand the adaptation mechanism for P deficiency. However, PM proteome analysis in B. napus has been seldom reported due to the high hydrophobicity and low abundance of PM. Thus, we herein investigated the PM proteome alteration of roots in two B. napus genotypes, with different P deficient tolerances, in response to P-free starvation. The present study offers new insights and novel information for better understanding the adaptative response to P deficiency in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuisen Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, and Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ying Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, and Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, and Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, and Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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93
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Dixit S, Kumar Biswal A, Min A, Henry A, Oane RH, Raorane ML, Longkumer T, Pabuayon IM, Mutte SK, Vardarajan AR, Miro B, Govindan G, Albano-Enriquez B, Pueffeld M, Sreenivasulu N, Slamet-Loedin I, Sundarvelpandian K, Tsai YC, Raghuvanshi S, Hsing YIC, Kumar A, Kohli A. Action of multiple intra-QTL genes concerted around a co-localized transcription factor underpins a large effect QTL. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15183. [PMID: 26507552 PMCID: PMC4623671 DOI: 10.1038/srep15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-QTLs and multiple intra-QTL genes are hypothesized to underpin large-effect QTLs. Known QTLs over gene families, biosynthetic pathways or certain traits represent functional gene-clusters of genes of the same gene ontology (GO). Gene-clusters containing genes of different GO have not been elaborated, except in silico as coexpressed genes within QTLs. Here we demonstrate the requirement of multiple intra-QTL genes for the full impact of QTL qDTY12.1 on rice yield under drought. Multiple evidences are presented for the need of the transcription factor 'no apical meristem' (OsNAM12.1) and its co-localized target genes of separate GO categories for qDTY12.1 function, raising a regulon-like model of genetic architecture. The molecular underpinnings of qDTY12.1 support its effectiveness in further improving a drought tolerant genotype and for its validity in multiple genotypes/ecosystems/environments. Resolving the combinatorial value of OsNAM12.1 with individual intra-QTL genes notwithstanding, identification and analyses of qDTY12.1has fast-tracked rice improvement towards food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Dixit
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Akshaya Kumar Biswal
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Aye Min
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Rowena H. Oane
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Manish L. Raorane
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Toshisangba Longkumer
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Isaiah M. Pabuayon
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Sumanth K. Mutte
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Adithi R. Vardarajan
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Berta Miro
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Ganesan Govindan
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Blesilda Albano-Enriquez
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Mandy Pueffeld
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 03, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 03, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Inez Slamet-Loedin
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | | | - Yuan-Ching Tsai
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Yue-Ie C. Hsing
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
| | - Ajay Kohli
- Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila-1226, Philippines
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94
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Pittol M, Durso L, Valiati VH, Fiuza LM. Agronomic and environmental aspects of diazotrophic bacteria in rice fields. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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95
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Understanding rice adaptation to varying agro-ecosystems: trait interactions and quantitative trait loci. BMC Genet 2015; 16:86. [PMID: 26243626 PMCID: PMC4526302 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction and genetic control for traits influencing the adaptation of the rice crop to varying environments was studied in a mapping population derived from parents (Moroberekan and Swarna) contrasting for drought tolerance, yield potential, lodging resistance, and adaptation to dry direct seeding. A BC2F3-derived mapping population for traits related to these four trait groups was phenotyped to understand the interactions among traits and to map and align QTLs using composite interval mapping (CIM). The study also aimed to identify QTLs for the four trait groups as composite traits using multivariate least square interval mapping (MLSIM) to further understand the genetic control of these traits. Results Significant correlations between drought- and yield-related traits at seedling and reproductive stages respectively with traits for adaptation to dry direct-seeded conditions were observed. CIM and MLSIM methods were applied to identify QTLs for univariate and composite traits. QTL clusters showing alignment of QTLs for several traits within and across trait groups were detected at chromosomes 3, 4, and 7 through CIM. The largest number of QTLs related to traits belonging to all four trait groups were identified on chromosome 3 close to the qDTY3.2 locus. These included QTLs for traits such as bleeding rate, shoot biomass, stem strength, and spikelet fertility. Multivariate QTLs were identified at loci supported by univariate QTLs such as on chromosomes 3 and 4 as well as at distinctly different loci on chromosome 8 which were undetected through CIM. Conclusion Rice requires better adaptation across a wide range of environments and cultivation practices to adjust to climate change. Understanding the genetics and trade-offs related to each of these environments and cultivation practices thus becomes highly important to develop varieties with stability of yield across them. This study provides a wider picture of the genetics and physiology of adaptation of rice to wide range of environments. With a complete understanding of the processes and relationships between traits and trait groups, marker-assisted breeding can be used more efficiently to develop plant types that can combine all or most of the beneficial traits and show high stability across environments, ecosystems, and cultivation practices. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-015-0249-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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96
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Lou Q, Chen L, Mei H, Wei H, Feng F, Wang P, Xia H, Li T, Luo L. Quantitative trait locus mapping of deep rooting by linkage and association analysis in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:4749-57. [PMID: 26022253 PMCID: PMC4507776 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Deep rooting is a very important trait for plants' drought avoidance, and it is usually represented by the ratio of deep rooting (RDR). Three sets of rice populations were used to determine the genetic base for RDR. A linkage mapping population with 180 recombinant inbred lines and an association mapping population containing 237 rice varieties were used to identify genes linked to RDR. Six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of RDR were identified as being located on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Using 1 019 883 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a genome-wide association study of the RDR was performed. Forty-eight significant SNPs of the RDR were identified and formed a clear peak on the short arm of chromosome 1 in a Manhattan plot. Compared with the shallow-rooting group and the whole collection, the deep-rooting group had selective sweep regions on chromosomes 1 and 2, especially in the major QTL region on chromosome 2. Seven of the nine candidate SNPs identified by association mapping were verified in two RDR extreme groups. The findings from this study will be beneficial to rice drought-resistance research and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Lou
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China Fudan University, No. 220, Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Hanwei Mei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Haibin Wei
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Fangjun Feng
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Pei Wang
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Hui Xia
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Tiemei Li
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, No. 2901, Beidi Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 201106, PR China
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97
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Kadam NN, Yin X, Bindraban PS, Struik PC, Jagadish KSV. Does morphological and anatomical plasticity during the vegetative stage make wheat more tolerant of water deficit stress than rice? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1389-401. [PMID: 25614066 PMCID: PMC4378155 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.253328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity and the increasing severity of water deficit stress are major challenges to sustaining irrigated rice (Oryza sativa) production. Despite the technologies developed to reduce the water requirement, rice growth is seriously constrained under water deficit stress compared with other dryland cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum). We exposed rice cultivars with contrasting responses to water deficit stress and wheat cultivars well adapted to water-limited conditions to the same moisture stress during vegetative growth to unravel the whole-plant (shoot and root morphology) and organ/tissue (root anatomy) responses. Wheat cultivars followed a water-conserving strategy by reducing specific leaf area and developing thicker roots and moderate tillering. In contrast, rice 'IR64' and 'Apo' adopted a rapid water acquisition strategy through thinner roots under water deficit stress. Root diameter, stele and xylem diameter, and xylem number were more responsive and varied with different positions along the nodal root under water deficit stress in wheat, whereas they were relatively conserved in rice cultivars. Increased metaxylem diameter and lower metaxylem number near the root tips and exactly the opposite phenomena at the root-shoot junction facilitated the efficient use of available soil moisture in wheat. Tolerant rice 'Nagina 22' had an advantage in root morphological and anatomical attributes over cultivars IR64 and Apo but lacked plasticity, unlike wheat cultivars exposed to water deficit stress. The key traits determining the adaptation of wheat to dryland conditions have been summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niteen N Kadam
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines (N.N.K., K.S.V.J.);Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.N.K., X.Y., P.C.S.); andVirtual Fertilizer Research Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20005 (P.S.B.)
| | - Xinyou Yin
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines (N.N.K., K.S.V.J.);Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.N.K., X.Y., P.C.S.); andVirtual Fertilizer Research Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20005 (P.S.B.)
| | - Prem S Bindraban
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines (N.N.K., K.S.V.J.);Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.N.K., X.Y., P.C.S.); andVirtual Fertilizer Research Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20005 (P.S.B.)
| | - Paul C Struik
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines (N.N.K., K.S.V.J.);Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.N.K., X.Y., P.C.S.); andVirtual Fertilizer Research Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20005 (P.S.B.)
| | - Krishna S V Jagadish
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines (N.N.K., K.S.V.J.);Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands (N.N.K., X.Y., P.C.S.); andVirtual Fertilizer Research Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20005 (P.S.B.)
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98
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Robbins NE, Dinneny JR. The divining root: moisture-driven responses of roots at the micro- and macro-scale. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2145-54. [PMID: 25617469 PMCID: PMC4817643 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water is fundamental to plant life, but the mechanisms by which plant roots sense and respond to variations in water availability in the soil are poorly understood. Many studies of responses to water deficit have focused on large-scale effects of this stress, but have overlooked responses at the sub-organ or cellular level that give rise to emergent whole-plant phenotypes. We have recently discovered hydropatterning, an adaptive environmental response in which roots position new lateral branches according to the spatial distribution of available water across the circumferential axis. This discovery illustrates that roots are capable of sensing and responding to water availability at spatial scales far lower than those normally studied for such processes. This review will explore how roots respond to water availability with an emphasis on what is currently known at different spatial scales. Beginning at the micro-scale, there is a discussion of water physiology at the cellular level and proposed sensory mechanisms cells use to detect osmotic status. The implications of these principles are then explored in the context of cell and organ growth under non-stress and water-deficit conditions. Following this, several adaptive responses employed by roots to tailor their functionality to the local moisture environment are discussed, including patterning of lateral root development and generation of hydraulic barriers to limit water loss. We speculate that these micro-scale responses are necessary for optimal functionality of the root system in a heterogeneous moisture environment, allowing for efficient water uptake with minimal water loss during periods of drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Robbins
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - José R Dinneny
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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99
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Lynch JP, Wojciechowski T. Opportunities and challenges in the subsoil: pathways to deeper rooted crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2199-210. [PMID: 25582451 PMCID: PMC4986715 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Greater exploitation of subsoil resources by annual crops would afford multiple benefits, including greater water and N acquisition in most agroecosystems, and greater sequestration of atmospheric C. Constraints to root growth in the subsoil include soil acidity (an edaphic stress complex consisting of toxic levels of Al, inadequate levels of P and Ca, and often toxic levels of Mn), soil compaction, hypoxia, and suboptimal temperature. Multiple root phenes under genetic control are associated with adaptation to these constraints, opening up the possibility of breeding annual crops with root traits improving subsoil exploration. Adaptation to Al toxicity, hypoxia, and P deficiency are intensively researched, adaptation to soil hardness and suboptimal temperature less so, and adaptations to Ca deficiency and Mn toxicity are poorly understood. The utility of specific phene states may vary among soil taxa and management scenarios, interactions which in general are poorly understood. These traits and issues merit research because of their potential value in developing more productive, sustainable, benign, and resilient agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA IBG2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, Jülich D-52445, Germany
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100
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Henry A, Swamy BPM, Dixit S, Torres RD, Batoto TC, Manalili M, Anantha MS, Mandal NP, Kumar A. Physiological mechanisms contributing to the QTL-combination effects on improved performance of IR64 rice NILs under drought. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1787-99. [PMID: 25680791 PMCID: PMC4378621 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the physiological mechanisms behind major-effect drought-yield quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can provide an understanding of the function of the QTLs-as well as plant responses to drought in general. In this study, we characterized rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with QTLs derived from drought-tolerant traditional variety AdaySel that were introgressed into drought-susceptible high-yielding variety IR64, one of the most popular megavarieties in South Asian rainfed lowland systems. Of the different combinations of the four QTLs evaluated, genotypes with two QTLs (qDTY 2.2 + qDTY 4.1 ) showed the greatest degree of improvement under drought compared with IR64 in terms of yield, canopy temperature, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Furthermore, qDTY 2.2 and qDTY 4.1 showed a potential for complementarity in that they were each most effective under different severities of drought stress. Multiple drought-response mechanisms were observed to be conferred in the genotypes with the two-QTL combination: higher root hydraulic conductivity and in some cases greater root growth at depth. As evidenced by multiple leaf water status and plant growth indicators, these traits affected transpiration but not transpiration efficiency or harvest index. The results from this study highlight the complex interactions among major-effect drought-yield QTLs and the drought-response traits they confer, and the need to evaluate the optimal combinations of QTLs that complement each other when present in a common genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Shalabh Dixit
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Rolando D Torres
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Tristram C Batoto
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Mervin Manalili
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - M S Anantha
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand 825 301, India
| | - N P Mandal
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand 825 301, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Central Rainfed Upland Rice Research Station, Hazaribag, Jharkand 825 301, India
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