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Rojas F, de Los Ángeles Sosa M, Latorre W, Mussin J, Alegre L, Giusiano G. Malassezia species: the need to establish Epidemiological Cutoff Values. Med Mycol 2022; 60:6623669. [PMID: 35772016 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia are common yeasts in human skin microbiome. Under certain conditions these yeasts may cause disease from skin disorders to systemic infections. In the absence of clinical breakpoints, epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) are useful to differentiate isolates with acquired or mutational resistance. The aim of this work was to propose tentative ECVs of Malassezia furfur, M. sympodialis, M. globosa for fluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ), voriconazole (VCZ), ketoconazole (KTZ) and amphotericin B (AMB). A total of 160 isolates (80 M. furfur, 50 M. sympodialis and 30 M. globosa) were tested. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by modified broth microdilution method (CLSI). ECVs were estimated by ECOFFinder software and two-fold dilutions beyond the mode. ITZ, KTZ and VCZ showed the lowest MICs. The highest MIC and widest ranges were for FCZ and AMB. For ITZ, KTZ and VCZ both ECVs were similar. For FCZ, AMB especially M. furfur, modal ECVs were lower than values obtained by statistical method. When MIC distribution is the only data available, ECV could provide information to help guide therapy decisions. In that drug/species combination in which different peaks in the MIC distribution were observed, difference between both ECV was greater. This is the first study that provides ECV data of 160 Malassezia yeasts. Although ECVs cannot be used as predictors of clinical response, identification of non wild-type isolates suggests that it may be less likely to respond to a given antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Rojas
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET. Resistencia, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sosa
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Wenceslao Latorre
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET. Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Javier Mussin
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET. Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Liliana Alegre
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET. Resistencia, Argentina
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Theelen B, Mixão V, Ianiri G, Goh JPZ, Dijksterhuis J, Heitman J, Dawson TL, Gabaldón T, Boekhout T. Multiple Hybridization Events Punctuate the Evolutionary Trajectory of Malassezia furfur. mBio 2022; 13:e0385321. [PMID: 35404119 PMCID: PMC9040865 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03853-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia species are important fungal skin commensals and are part of the normal microbiota of humans and other animals. However, under certain circumstances these fungi can also display a pathogenic behavior. For example, Malassezia furfur is a common commensal of human skin and yet is often responsible for skin disorders but also systemic infections. Comparative genomics analysis of M. furfur revealed that some isolates have a hybrid origin, similar to several other recently described hybrid fungal pathogens. Because hybrid species exhibit genomic plasticity that can impact phenotypes, we sought to elucidate the genomic evolution and phenotypic characteristics of M. furfur hybrids in comparison to their parental lineages. To this end, we performed a comparative genomics analysis between hybrid strains and their presumptive parental lineages and assessed phenotypic characteristics. Our results provide evidence that at least two distinct hybridization events occurred between the same parental lineages and that the parental strains may have originally been hybrids themselves. Analysis of the mating-type locus reveals that M. furfur has a pseudobipolar mating system and provides evidence that after sexual liaisons of mating compatible cells, hybridization involved cell-cell fusion leading to a diploid/aneuploid state. This study provides new insights into the evolutionary trajectory of M. furfur and contributes with valuable genomic resources for future pathogenicity studies. IMPORTANCEMalassezia furfur is a common commensal member of human/animal microbiota that is also associated with several pathogenic states. Recent studies report involvement of Malassezia species in Crohn's disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatic cancer progression, and exacerbation of cystic fibrosis. A recent genomics analysis of M. furfur revealed the existence of hybrid isolates and identified their putative parental lineages. In this study, we explored the genomic and phenotypic features of these hybrids in comparison to their putative parental lineages. Our results revealed the existence of a pseudobipolar mating system in this species and showed evidence for the occurrence of multiple hybridization events in the evolutionary trajectory of M. furfur. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of this commensal microbe and are relevant for future studies exploring the role of hybridization in the adaptation to new niches or environments, including the emergence of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Verónica Mixão
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Ianiri
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Joleen Pei Zhen Goh
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jan Dijksterhuis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas L. Dawson
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
- Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
- Mechanisms of Disease Programme, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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53
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The Inhibitory Activity of Citral against Malassezia furfur. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilic yeast Malassezia furfur, is a member of the cutaneous commensal microbiota and is associated with several chronic diseases such as dandruff, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis, and seborrheic dermatitis, that are often difficult to treat with current therapies. The development of alternatively effective antifungal therapies is therefore of paramount importance. In this study, we investigated the treatment effect of citral on M. furfur. The minimal inhibitory concentration of citral for M. furfur was 200 μg/mL, and the minimal fungicidal concentration was 300 μg/mL. Citral significantly increased the proportion of yeast cells to mycelial forms 2.6-fold. Phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and metacaspase activation supported a citral-induced apoptosis in M. furfur. Moreover, citral at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations reduced the invasion of M. furfur in HaCaT keratinocytes. Finally, we demonstrated that citral inhibited IL-6 and TLR-2 expression and enhanced HBD-2 and TSLP expression in M. furfur-infected HaCaT keratinocytes. These results showed that citral has antifungal activity at high concentrations and can decrease the infection of M. furfur by modulating the keratinocyte immune responses at low concentrations. Our results suggest that citral is a potential candidate for topical therapeutic application for M. furfur-associated human skin diseases.
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Wang L, Yu T, Zhu Y, Luo Y, Dong F, Lin X, Zhao W, He Z, Hu S, Dong Z. Amplicon-based sequencing and co-occurence network analysis reveals notable differences of microbial community structure in healthy and dandruff scalps. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:312. [PMID: 35439925 PMCID: PMC9017024 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08534-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dandruff is a chronic, recurring, and common scalp problem that is caused by several etiopathogeneses with complex mechanisms. Management of this condition is typically achieved via antifungal therapies. However, the precise roles played by microbiota in the development of the condition have not been elucidated. Despite their omnipresence on human scalp little is known about the co-occurrence/co-exclusion network of cutaneous microbiota. Results We characterized the scalp and hair surface bacterial and fungal communities of 95 dandruff-afflicted and healthy individuals residing in China. The degree distributions of co-occurrence/co-exclusion network in fungi-bacteria and bacteria-bacteria were higher in the healthy group (P < 0.0001), whereas the betweenness values are higher in the dandruff group (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the co-occurrence/co-exclusion network among fungi-fungi and fungi-bacteria showed that compared to the healthy group, the dandruff group had more positive links (P < 0.0001). In addition, we observed that Malassezia slooffiae, Malassezia japonica and Malassezia furfur, were more abundant in the dandruff group than in the healthy group. These microbiota were co-exclusion by either multiple bacterial genera or Malassezia sp. in healthy group. The lactic acid bacteria on the scalp and hair surface, especially the genera Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, exhibit a negative correlation with multiple bacterial genera on the scalp and hair surface. Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus lactis isolated on the healthy human scalp can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro. Conclusions We showed that microbial networks on scalp and hair surface with dandruff were less integrated than their healthy counterparts, with lower node degree and more positive and stronger links which were deemed to be unstable and may be more susceptible to environmental fluctuations. Lactobacillus bacteria have extensive interactions with other bacteria or fungi in the scalp and hair surface micro-ecological network and can be used as targets for improving scalp health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08534-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, 36 Lushan Rd., Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yingfeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Lafang China Co.. Ltd., LAF Building, Wanji Industrial Park, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhao
- Lafang China Co.. Ltd., LAF Building, Wanji Industrial Park, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Zilong He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University , No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Songnian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, China.
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55
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Yang Q, Ouyang J, Pi D, Feng L, Yang J. Malassezia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Accomplice of Evoking Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846469. [PMID: 35309351 PMCID: PMC8931276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a significantly higher risk of developing different cancers, while the exact mechanism involved is not yet fully understood. Malassezia is a lipid-dependent opportunistic yeast, which colonizes on mammalian skin and internal organs. Also, dysbiosis in fungal communities accompanied by high level of Malassezia are fairly common in inflammatory diseases such as IBD and various cancers. In cancer patients, higher levels of Malassezia are associated with worse prognosis. Once it is ablated in tumor-bearing mice, their prognostic conditions will be improved. Moreover, Malassezia manifests multiple proinflammatory biological properties, such as destruction of epithelial barrier, enrichment of inflammatory factors, and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), all of which have been reported to contribute to tumor initiation and malignant progression. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that high levels of Malassezia together with mycobiome dysbiosis in patients with IBD, would aggravate the microecological imbalance, worsen the inflammatory response, and further promote tumorigenesis and deterioration. Herein, we will discuss the detrimental properties of Malassezia and explore the key role of this fungus in the correlation between IBD and cancer, in order to take early surveillance and intervention to minimize the cancer risk in individuals with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Damao Pi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Feng, ; Jiadan Yang,
| | - Jiadan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Feng, ; Jiadan Yang,
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56
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Underhill DM, Braun J. Fungal microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: a critical assessment. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:155786. [PMID: 35229726 PMCID: PMC8884899 DOI: 10.1172/jci155786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is at the center of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis and disease activity. While this has mainly been studied in the context of the bacterial microbiome, recent advances have provided tools for the study of host genetics and metagenomics of host-fungal interaction. Through these tools, strong evidence has emerged linking certain fungal taxa, such as Candida and Malassezia, with cellular and molecular pathways of IBD disease biology. Mouse models and human fecal microbial transplant also suggest that some disease-participatory bacteria and fungi may act not via the host directly, but via their fungal-bacterial ecologic interactions. We hope that these insights, and the study design and multi-omics strategies used to develop them, will facilitate the inclusion of the fungal community in basic and translational IBD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Underhill
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, and.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, and.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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57
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Advances in Microbiome-Derived Solutions and Methodologies Are Founding a New Era in Skin Health and Care. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020121. [PMID: 35215065 PMCID: PMC8879973 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome, as a community of microorganisms and their structural elements, genomes, metabolites/signal molecules, has been shown to play an important role in human health, with significant beneficial applications for gut health. Skin microbiome has emerged as a new field with high potential to develop disruptive solutions to manage skin health and disease. Despite an incomplete toolbox for skin microbiome analyses, much progress has been made towards functional dissection of microbiomes and host-microbiome interactions. A standardized and robust investigation of the skin microbiome is necessary to provide accurate microbial information and set the base for a successful translation of innovations in the dermo-cosmetic field. This review provides an overview of how the landscape of skin microbiome research has evolved from method development (multi-omics/data-based analytical approaches) to the discovery and development of novel microbiome-derived ingredients. Moreover, it provides a summary of the latest findings on interactions between the microbiomes (gut and skin) and skin health/disease. Solutions derived from these two paths are used to develop novel microbiome-based ingredients or solutions acting on skin homeostasis are proposed. The most promising skin and gut-derived microbiome interventional strategies are presented, along with regulatory, safety, industrial, and technical challenges related to a successful translation of these microbiome-based concepts/technologies in the dermo-cosmetic industry.
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El Atab O, Ekim Kocabey A, Asojo OA, Schneiter R. Prostate secretory protein 94 (PSP94) inhibits sterol-binding and export by the mammalian CAP protein CRISP2 in a calcium-sensitive manner. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101600. [PMID: 35063506 PMCID: PMC8857485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the CAP protein superfamily are present in all kingdoms of life and have been implicated in many different processes, including pathogen defense, immune evasion, sperm maturation, and cancer progression. Most CAP proteins are secreted glycoproteins and share a unique conserved αβα sandwich fold. The precise mode of action of this class of proteins, however, has remained elusive. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has three CAP family members, termed pathogen related in yeast (Pry). We have previously shown that Pry1 and Pry2 export sterols in vivo and that they bind sterols in vitro. This sterol binding and export function of yeast Pry proteins is conserved in the mammalian CRISP proteins and other CAP superfamily members. CRISP3 is an abundant protein of the human seminal plasma and interacts with prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94), another major protein component in the seminal plasma. Here we examine whether the interaction between CRISP proteins and PSP94 affects the sterol binding function of CAP family members. We show that coexpression of PSP94 with CAP proteins in yeast abolished their sterol export function and the interaction between PSP94 and CAP proteins inhibits sterol binding in vitro. In addition, mutations that affect the formation of the PSP94–CRISP2 heteromeric complex restore sterol binding. Of interest, we found the interaction of PSP94 with CRISP2 is sensitive to high calcium concentrations. The observation that PSP94 modulates the sterol binding function of CRISP2 in a calcium-dependent manner has potential implications for the role of PSP94 and CRISP2 in prostate physiology and progression of prostate cancer.
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Epidemiology of Pityriasis versicolor in Tunisia: Clinical Features and Characterization of Malassezia Species. J Mycol Med 2022; 32:101246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2022.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fonseca PLC, De-Paula RB, Araújo DS, Tomé LMR, Mendes-Pereira T, Rodrigues WFC, Del-Bem LE, Aguiar ERGR, Góes-Neto A. Global Characterization of Fungal Mitogenomes: New Insights on Genomic Diversity and Dynamism of Coding Genes and Accessory Elements. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:787283. [PMID: 34925295 PMCID: PMC8672057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.787283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi comprise a great diversity of species with distinct ecological functions and lifestyles. Similar to other eukaryotes, fungi rely on interactions with prokaryotes and one of the most important symbiotic events was the acquisition of mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles found in eukaryotic cells whose main function is to generate energy through aerobic respiration. Mitogenomes (mtDNAs) are double-stranded circular or linear DNA from mitochondria that may contain core genes and accessory elements that can be replicated, transcribed, and independently translated from the nuclear genome. Despite their importance, investigative studies on the diversity of fungal mitogenomes are scarce. Herein, we have evaluated 788 curated fungal mitogenomes available at NCBI database to assess discrepancies and similarities among them and to better understand the mechanisms involved in fungal mtDNAs variability. From a total of 12 fungal phyla, four do not have any representative with available mitogenomes, which highlights the underrepresentation of some groups in the current available data. We selected representative and non-redundant mitogenomes based on the threshold of 90% similarity, eliminating 81 mtDNAs. Comparative analyses revealed considerable size variability of mtDNAs with a difference of up to 260 kb in length. Furthermore, variation in mitogenome length and genomic composition are generally related to the number and length of accessory elements (introns, HEGs, and uORFs). We identified an overall average of 8.0 (0–39) introns, 8.0 (0–100) HEGs, and 8.2 (0–102) uORFs per genome, with high variation among phyla. Even though the length of the core protein-coding genes is considerably conserved, approximately 36.3% of the mitogenomes evaluated have at least one of the 14 core coding genes absent. Also, our results revealed that there is not even a single gene shared among all mitogenomes. Other unusual genes in mitogenomes were also detected in many mitogenomes, such as dpo and rpo, and displayed diverse evolutionary histories. Altogether, the results presented in this study suggest that fungal mitogenomes are diverse, contain accessory elements and are absent of a conserved gene that can be used for the taxonomic classification of the Kingdom Fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L C Fonseca
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Biological Science (DCB), Center of Biotechnology and Genetics (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Ruth B De-Paula
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Daniel S Araújo
- Program in Bioinformatics, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luiz Marcelo Ribeiro Tomé
- Molecular and Computational Biology of Fungi Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thairine Mendes-Pereira
- Molecular and Computational Biology of Fungi Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz-Eduardo Del-Bem
- Program of Bioinformatics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Botany, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eric R G R Aguiar
- Department of Biological Science (DCB), Center of Biotechnology and Genetics (CBG), Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Molecular and Computational Biology of Fungi Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Program of Bioinformatics, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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61
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The human fungal pathogen Malassezia and its role in cancer. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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Peng L, Qin B, Shen Z, Wang S. Characterization of fungal communities on shared bicycles in Southwest China. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:283. [PMID: 34663233 PMCID: PMC8523008 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The widespread use of shared bicycles has increased the demand and sanitary requirements for shared bicycles. Previous studies have identified potentially pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of shared bicycles, but fungal communities have not been investigated. METHODS We sampled shared-bicycle handles and saddles from five selected locations in a metropolis (Chengdu, China, n = 98) and used surrounding air deposition samples as controls (n = 12). Full-length ITS sequencing and multiple bioinformatic analyses were utilized to reveal fungal community structures and differences. RESULTS Aspergillus was dominant on both the handles and saddles of shared bicycles, and Alternaria and Cladosporium were the most abundant families in the air samples. Significant differences in fungal community structures were found among the three groups. The handle samples contained higher abundances of Aureobasidium melanogenum and Filobasidium magnum than the saddle and air samples. The saddle samples had a higher abundance of Cladosporium tenuissimum than the other two sample types (P < 0·05). A higher abundance of fungal animal pathogens on shared-bicycle surfaces than in air by FUNGuild (P < 0·05). Moreover, the co-occurrence network of fungi on handles was more stable than that on saddles. CONCLUSION There were more potential pathogens, including Aspergillus pseudoglaucus, Aureobasidium melanogenum, Kazachstania pintolopesii, Filobasidium magnum, Candida tropicalis, and Malassezia globose were found on shared bicycles than in air, suggesting that hands should not contact mucous membrane after cycling, especially in susceptible individuals, and hygiene management of shared bicycles should be given more attention by relevant organizations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Bi Qin
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.,Department of Dermatology, Acupuncture & Moxibustion Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.,School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No.32, Western 2nd Section, 1st Ring Rd, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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Ambaw YA, Pagac MP, Irudayaswamy AS, Raida M, Bendt AK, Torta FT, Wenk MR, Dawson TL. Host/ Malassezia Interaction: A Quantitative, Non-Invasive Method Profiling Oxylipin Production Associates Human Skin Eicosanoids with Malassezia. Metabolites 2021; 11:700. [PMID: 34677414 PMCID: PMC8538739 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia are common components of human skin, and as the dominant human skin eukaryotic microbe, they take part in complex microbe-host interactions. Other phylogenetically related fungi (including within Ustilagomycotina) communicate with their plant host through bioactive oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids, generally known as oxylipins, by regulating the plant immune system to increase their virulence. Oxylipins are similar in structure and function to human eicosanoids, which modulate the human immune system. This study reports the development of a highly sensitive mass-spectrometry-based method to capture and quantify bioactive oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids from the human skin surface and in vitro Malassezia cultures. It confirms that Malassezia are capable of synthesizing eicosanoid-like lipid mediators in vitro in a species dependent manner, many of which are found on human skin. This method enables sensitive identification and quantification of bioactive lipid mediators from human skin that may be derived from metabolic pathways shared between skin and its microbial residents. This enables better cross-disciplinary and detailed studies to dissect the interaction between Malassezia and human skin, and to identify potential intervention points to promote or abrogate inflammation and to improve human skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Abere Ambaw
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (Y.A.A.); (F.T.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (M.R.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Martin P. Pagac
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (M.P.P.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Antony S. Irudayaswamy
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (M.P.P.); (A.S.I.)
| | - Manfred Raida
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (M.R.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Anne K. Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (M.R.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Federico T. Torta
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (Y.A.A.); (F.T.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (M.R.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Precision Medicine Translational Research Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (Y.A.A.); (F.T.T.); (M.R.W.)
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore; (M.R.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Thomas L. Dawson
- A*STAR Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (M.P.P.); (A.S.I.)
- Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Theelen B, Christinaki AC, Dawson TL, Boekhout T, Kouvelis VN. Comparative analysis of Malassezia furfur mitogenomes and the development of a mitochondria-based typing approach. FEMS Yeast Res 2021; 21:6375414. [PMID: 34562093 PMCID: PMC8510979 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia furfur is a yeast species belonging to Malasseziomycetes, Ustilaginomycotina and Basidiomycota that is found on healthy warm-blooded animal skin, but also involved in various skin disorders like seborrheic dermatitis/dandruff and pityriasis versicolor. Moreover, Malassezia are associated with bloodstream infections, Crohn's disease and pancreatic carcinoma. Recent advances in Malassezia genomics and genetics have focused on the nuclear genome. In this work, we present the M. furfur mitochondrial (mt) genetic heterogenicity with full analysis of 14 novel and six available M. furfur mt genomes. The mitogenome analysis reveals a mt gene content typical for fungi, including identification of variable mt regions suitable for intra-species discrimination. Three of them, namely the trnK–atp6 and cox3–nad3 intergenic regions and intron 2 of the cob gene, were selected for primer design to identify strain differences. Malassezia furfur strains belonging to known genetic variable clusters, based on AFLP and nuclear loci, were assessed for their mt variation using PCR amplification and sequencing. The results suggest that these mt regions are excellent molecular markers for the typing of M. furfur strains and may provide added value to nuclear regions when assessing evolutionary relationships at the intraspecies level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia C Christinaki
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A∗STAR), Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 11 Mandalay Rd, #17-01, Singapore 308232, Singapore.,Center for Cell Death, Injury and Regeneration, Departments of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 280 Calhoun St, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vassili N Kouvelis
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15701, Greece
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Abstract
The human skin is our outermost layer and serves as a protective barrier against external insults. Advances in next generation sequencing have enabled the discoveries of a rich and diverse community of microbes - bacteria, fungi and viruses that are residents of this surface. The genomes of these microbes also revealed the presence of many secretory enzymes. In particular, proteases which are hydrolytic enzymes capable of protein cleavage and degradation are of special interest in the skin environment which is enriched in proteins and lipids. In this minireview, we will focus on the roles of these skin-relevant microbial secreted proteases, both in terms of their widely studied roles as pathogenic agents in tissue invasion and host immune inactivation, and their recently discovered roles in inter-microbial interactions and modulation of virulence factors. From these studies, it has become apparent that while microbial proteases are capable of a wide range of functions, their expression is tightly regulated and highly responsive to the environments the microbes are in. With the introduction of new biochemical and bioinformatics tools to study protease functions, it will be important to understand the roles played by skin microbial secretory proteases in cutaneous health, especially the less studied commensal microbes with an emphasis on contextual relevance.
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66
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Cao B, Haelewaters D, Schoutteten N, Begerow D, Boekhout T, Giachini AJ, Gorjón SP, Gunde-Cimerman N, Hyde KD, Kemler M, Li GJ, Liu DM, Liu XZ, Nuytinck J, Papp V, Savchenko A, Savchenko K, Tedersoo L, Theelen B, Thines M, Tomšovský M, Toome-Heller M, Urón JP, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Yurkov AM, Zamora JC, Zhao RL. Delimiting species in Basidiomycota: a review. FUNGAL DIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-021-00479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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67
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Cosio T, Gaziano R, Zuccari G, Costanza G, Grelli S, Di Francesco P, Bianchi L, Campione E. Retinoids in Fungal Infections: From Bench to Bedside. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100962. [PMID: 34681186 PMCID: PMC8539705 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoids-a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A or chemically related to it-are used especially in dermatology, oncohematology and infectious diseases. It has been shown that retinoids-from their first generation-exert a potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In this review, we summarize current evidence on retinoids' efficacy as antifungal agents. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, Trials.gov) and reference lists of respective articles from 1946 to today. Only articles published in the English language were included. A total of thirty-nine articles were found according to the criteria. In this regard, to date, In vitro and In vivo studies have demonstrated the efficacy of retinoids against a broad-spectrum of human opportunistic fungal pathogens, including yeast fungi that normally colonize the skin and mucosal surfaces of humans such as Candida spp., Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Malassezia furfur, as well as environmental moulds such as Aspergillus spp., Fonsecae monofora and many species of dermatophytes associated with fungal infections both in humans and animals. Notwithstanding a lack of double-blind clinical trials, the efficacy, tolerability and safety profile of retinoids have been demonstrated against localized and systemic fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Roberta Gaziano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.G.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 16148 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Gaetana Costanza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Paolo Di Francesco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (R.G.); (P.D.F.)
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (T.C.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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68
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Rhimi W, Theelen B, Boekhout T, Aneke CI, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Conventional therapy and new antifungal drugs against Malassezia infections. Med Mycol 2021; 59:215-234. [PMID: 33099634 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia yeasts are commensal microorganisms occurring on the skin of humans and animals causing dermatological disorders or systemic infections in severely immunocompromised hosts. Despite attempts to control such yeast infections with topical and systemic antifungals, recurrence of clinical signs of skin infections as well as treatment failure in preventing or treating Malassezia furfur fungemia have been reported most likely due to wrong management of these infections (e.g., due to early termination of treatment) or due to the occurrence of resistant phenomena. Standardized methods for in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests of these yeasts are still lacking, thus resulting in variable susceptibility profiles to azoles among Malassezia spp. and a lack of clinical breakpoints. The inherent limitations to the current pharmacological treatments for Malassezia infections both in humans and animals, stimulated the interest of the scientific community to discover new, effective antifungal drugs or substances to treat these infections. In this review, data about the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of the most commonly employed drugs (i.e., azoles, polyenes, allylamines, and echinocandins) against Malassezia yeasts, with a focus on human bloodstream infections, are summarized and their clinical implications are discussed. In addition, the usefulness of alternative compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chioma Inyang Aneke
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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69
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Leong C, Wang J, Toi MJ, Lam YI, Goh JP, Lee SM, Dawson TL. Effect of zinc pyrithione shampoo treatment on skin commensal Malassezia. Med Mycol 2021; 59:210-213. [PMID: 32785575 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa are lipid dependent commensal yeasts associated with dandruff. Antifungal actives such as zinc pyrithione are commonly used in antidandruff shampoos, although their efficacy is not clearly demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of antifungal treatments on scalp Malassezia via a combination of culturomic and genomic detection methods. Zinc pyrithione inhibited Malassezia growth at low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In a longitudinal pilot study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed a decrease in M. restricta on the scalp after zinc pyrithione treatment. These findings validate the antifungal efficacy of zinc pyrithione as a dandruff treatment. LAY ABSTRACT Malassezia yeasts are associated with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Zinc pyrithione is effective against Malassezia growth in vitro and when tested on human skin as a shampoo. These findings will be useful for investigating the role of Malassezia in skin microbiome intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Leong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Joyce Wang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Min Jet Toi
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yuen In Lam
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Joleen Pz Goh
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shi Mun Lee
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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70
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Massiot P, Clavaud C, Thomas M, Ott A, Guéniche A, Panhard S, Muller B, Michelin C, Kerob D, Bouloc A, Reygagne P. Continuous clinical improvement of mild-to-moderate seborrheic dermatitis and rebalancing of the scalp microbiome using a selenium disulfide-based shampoo after an initial treatment with ketoconazole. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:2215-2225. [PMID: 34416081 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic, relapsing, and inflammatory scalp disease. Studies indicate a global bacterial and fungal microbiota shift of scalp SD, as compared to healthy scalp. Ketoconazole and selenium disulfide (SeS2 ) improve clinical signs and symptoms in both scalp dandruff and SD. AIM The main objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the scalp microbiota diversity and counts in subjects with scalp SD during a two-phase treatment period. MATERIAL AND METHODS The scalp microbiota and clinical efficacy were investigated in 68 subjects with mild-to-moderate scalp SD after an initial one-month treatment with 2% ketoconazole, and after a 2-month maintenance phase, either with a 1% SeS2 -based shampoo or its vehicle. RESULTS Thirty one subjects in the active and 37 subjects in the vehicle group participated. Ketoconazole provided an improvement of clinical symptoms (adherent (-1.75 p < 0.05), non-adherent (-1.5, p < 0.05)) flakes and erythema (scores 1.67-0.93, p < 0.001), in an increased fungal diversity and in a significant (p < 0.005) decrease of Malassezia spp. SeS2 provided an additional clinical improvement (-0.8; p = 0.0002 and -0.7; p = 0.0081 for adherent and non-adherent flakes, respectively, at Day 84) compared to the vehicle associated with a low Malassezia spp. count and an additional significant (p < 0.001) decrease of the Staphylococcus spp. level. CONCLUSION Selenium disulfide provides an additional benefit on the scalp microbiota and in clinical symptoms of SD and dandruff after treatment with ketoconazole. The results confirm the role of Staphylococcus spp. in scalp SD and open possible perspectives for preventing relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Thomas
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Alban Ott
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Bouloc
- Vichy Laboratoires, Levallois-Perret, France
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Alshahni MM, Alshahni RZ, Fujisaki R, Tamura T, Shimizu Y, Yamanishi C, Makimura K. A Case of Topical Ofloxacin-Induced Otomycosis and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:871-876. [PMID: 34410567 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal otitis externa, or otomycosis, has been increasing in recent decades. Fungi may act as primary pathogens in this condition, or they may occur as secondary infections after prolonged ototopical treatment with antibiotics, which alters the flora of the external auditory canal (EAC) and enables overgrowth of its fungal inhabitants. We report here a case of otomycosis by Candida parapsilosis, Malassezia obtusa, and Malassezia furfur as a secondary infection following prolonged otic ofloxacin treatment. To the best of our knowledge, although isolation of C. parapsilosis and M. furfur from the EAC is not uncommon, the recovery of M. obtusa has not yet been reported. We also conducted a literature review of the searchable data on PubMed concerning the isolation of Malassezia species from the human EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mahdi Alshahni
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology and Space Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Department of AMR Mycosis Control Research in the Environment of Treatment and Education for Physically and Mentally Handicapped Persons, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryuichi Fujisaki
- Department of Sports and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Shimizu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Teikyo University Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Makimura
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology and Space Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan. .,Department of AMR Mycosis Control Research in the Environment of Treatment and Education for Physically and Mentally Handicapped Persons, School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan. .,Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Tokyo, Japan.
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72
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Elaskandrany M, Patel R, Patel M, Miller G, Saxena D, Saxena A. Fungi, host immune response, and tumorigenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G213-G222. [PMID: 34231392 PMCID: PMC8410104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00025.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Advances in -omics analyses have tremendously enhanced our understanding of the role of the microbiome in human health and disease. Most research is focused on the bacteriome, but scientists have now realized the significance of the virome and microbial dysbiosis as well, particularly in noninfectious diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of mycobiome in tumorigenesis, with a dismal prognosis, and attention to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We also discuss bacterial and mycobial interactions to the host's immune response that is prevalently responsible for resistance to cancer therapy, including immunotherapy. We reported that the Malassezia species associated with scalp and skin infections, colonize in human PDAC tumors and accelerate tumorigenesis via activating the C3 complement-mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway. PDAC tumors thrive in an immunosuppressive microenvironment with desmoplastic stroma and a dysbiotic microbiome. Host-microbiome interactions in the tumor milieu pose a significant threat in driving the indolent immune behavior of the tumor. Microbial intervention in multimodal cancer therapy is a promising novel approach to modify an immunotolerant ("cold") tumor microenvironment to an immunocompetent ("hot") milieu that is effective in eliminating tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miar Elaskandrany
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York,2Macaulay Honors Academy, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Rohin Patel
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Mintoo Patel
- 3Natural Sciences, South Florida State College, Avon Park, Florida
| | - George Miller
- 4New York City Health & Hospitals (Woodhull), New York, New York
| | - Deepak Saxena
- 5Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York,6Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anjana Saxena
- 1Biology Department, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York, New York,7Biology and Biochemistry Programs, Graduate Center, City
University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
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73
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Rizzo J, Wong SSW, Gazi AD, Moyrand F, Chaze T, Commere P, Novault S, Matondo M, Péhau‐Arnaudet G, Reis FCG, Vos M, Alves LR, May RC, Nimrichter L, Rodrigues ML, Aimanianda V, Janbon G. Cryptococcus extracellular vesicles properties and their use as vaccine platforms. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12129. [PMID: 34377375 PMCID: PMC8329992 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas extracellular vesicle (EV) research has become commonplace in different biomedical fields, this field of research is still in its infancy in mycology. Here we provide a robust set of data regarding the structural and compositional aspects of EVs isolated from the fungal pathogenic species Cryptococcus neoformans, C. deneoformans and C. deuterogattii. Using cutting-edge methodological approaches including cryogenic electron microscopy and cryogenic electron tomography, proteomics, and flow cytometry, we revisited cryptococcal EV features and suggest a new EV structural model, in which the vesicular lipid bilayer is covered by mannoprotein-based fibrillar decoration, bearing the capsule polysaccharide as its outer layer. About 10% of the EV population is devoid of fibrillar decoration, adding another aspect to EV diversity. By analysing EV protein cargo from the three species, we characterized the typical Cryptococcus EV proteome. It contains several membrane-bound protein families, including some Tsh proteins bearing a SUR7/PalI motif. The presence of known protective antigens on the surface of Cryptococcus EVs, resembling the morphology of encapsulated virus structures, suggested their potential as a vaccine. Indeed, mice immunized with EVs obtained from an acapsular C. neoformans mutant strain rendered a strong antibody response in mice and significantly prolonged their survival upon C. neoformans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rizzo
- Unité Biologie des ARN des Pathogènes FongiquesDépartement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Sarah Sze Wah Wong
- Unité Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR2000Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Anastasia D. Gazi
- Ultrastructural Bio‐Imaging, UTechS UBI, CNRS UMR 3528Département de Biologie cellulaire et infection, Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Frédérique Moyrand
- Unité Biologie des ARN des Pathogènes FongiquesDépartement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio), CNRS UMR 2000Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Pierre‐Henri Commere
- Cytometry and BiomarkersCentre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Sophie Novault
- Cytometry and BiomarkersCentre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Plateforme Protéomique, Unité de Spectrométrie de Masse pour la Biologie (MSBio), CNRS UMR 2000Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Gérard Péhau‐Arnaudet
- Ultrastructural Bio‐Imaging, UTechS UBI, CNRS UMR 3528Département de Biologie cellulaire et infection, Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Flavia C. G. Reis
- Instituto Carlos ChagasFundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)CuritibaBrazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnologico em Saude (CDTS‐Fiocruz)São PauloBrazil
| | - Matthijn Vos
- NanoImaging Core FacilityCentre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | | | - Robin C. May
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection and School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Leonardo Nimrichter
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG)Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Marcio L. Rodrigues
- Instituto Carlos ChagasFundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)CuritibaBrazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG)Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Unité Mycologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR2000Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
| | - Guilhem Janbon
- Unité Biologie des ARN des Pathogènes FongiquesDépartement de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, F‐75015ParisFrance
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Bourret V, Gutiérrez López R, Melo M, Loiseau C. Metabarcoding options to study eukaryotic endoparasites of birds. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10821-10833. [PMID: 34429884 PMCID: PMC8366860 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the study of avian endoparasite communities, and metabarcoding is a promising approach to complement more conventional or targeted methods. In the case of eukaryotic endoparasites, phylogenetic diversity is extreme, with parasites from 4 kingdoms and 11 phyla documented in birds. We addressed this challenge by comparing different primer sets across 16 samples from 5 bird species. Samples consisted of blood, feces, and controlled mixes with known proportions of bird and nematode DNA. Illumina sequencing revealed that a 28S primer set used in combination with a custom blocking primer allowed detection of various plasmodiid parasites and filarioid nematodes in the blood, coccidia in the feces, as well as two potentially pathogenic fungal groups. When tested on the controlled DNA mixes, these primers also increased the proportion of nematode DNA by over an order of magnitude. An 18S primer set, originally designed to exclude metazoan sequences, was the most effective at reducing the relative number of avian DNA sequences and was the only one to detect Trypanosoma in the blood. Expectedly, however, it did not allow nematode detection and also failed to detect avian malaria parasites. This study shows that a 28S set including a blocking primer allows detection of several major and very diverse bird parasite clades, while reliable amplification of all major parasite groups may require a combination of markers. It helps clarify options for bird parasite metabarcoding, according to priorities in terms of the endoparasite clades and the ecological questions researchers wish to focus on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bourret
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Rafael Gutiérrez López
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
| | - Martim Melo
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- MHNC‐UP – Natural History and Science Museum of the University of PortoPortoPortugal
- FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Claire Loiseau
- CIBIO‐InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- CEFEUniversité de MontpellierCNRSMontpellierFrance
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75
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Fungal diversity in the coastal waters of King George Island (maritime Antarctica). World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:142. [PMID: 34322842 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fungi have been reported as common inhabitants of the maritime waters in Antarctica by studies based on culture-dependent methods. More recently, results obtained using DNA sequencing technologies, revealed that fungal diversity worldwide has been underestimated by culture methods. The present study provides the first characterization of fungal communities in the coastal waters of King George Island (maritime Antarctica) using both culture-dependent and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) methods. HTS demostrated a higher level of fungal diversity than the obtained by culture methods. A high prevalence of basidiomycetous yeasts and ascomycetous filamentous fungi was confirmed by both methods, however, Chythriomycota, Rozellomycota, lichenized fungi and Malassezia spp. were detected only by HTS. Correspondingly, members of some genera, such as Metschnikowia, were only found by culture-dependent methods. Our results confirm that culturing and HTS, should be seen as complementary approaches that enable one to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the composition of microbial communities.
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76
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Mayser P, Koch C. [Malassezia spp.: interactions with topically applied lipids-a review : Malassezia and topically applied lipids]. Hautarzt 2021; 72:860-867. [PMID: 34304284 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic Malassezia yeasts are an important part of the human resident skin flora, especially in seborrheic areas. Besides mutualistic interactions with the host they are also linked to diseases although the specific causes are not yet comprehensively understood. The amount of available lipids on the skin correlates with the Malassezia density and also with the occurrence of certain diseases like tinea versicolor. Here, the naturally produced lipids of the sebaceous glands play a role. Hardly studied thus far is the impact of topically applied lipids. Here, growth promotion as well as inhibition of Malassezia cells as well as the production of new metabolites through ester cleavage are possible. One example is the release of antimicrobial fatty acids from hydroxypropyl caprylate through the action of Malassezia lipases. This "self-kill" principle results in the reduction of the amount of Malassezia cells and can be applied as new therapy option for dandruff treatment. A better understanding of the interaction between topica and Malassezia would increase their skin tolerance and open new therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mayser
- , Hofmannstr. 11, 35444, Biebertal, Deutschland.
| | - Christin Koch
- Symrise AG, Muehlenfeldstr. 1, 37603, Holzminden, Deutschland
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77
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Mussin J, Robles-Botero V, Casañas-Pimentel R, Rojas F, Angiolella L, San Martín-Martínez E, Giusiano G. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of green synthesis silver nanoparticles targeting skin and soft tissue infectious agents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14566. [PMID: 34267298 PMCID: PMC8282796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Combining traditional medicine with nanotechnology therefore opens the door to innovative strategies for treating skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and also contributes to the fight against the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze is a medicinal plant used by indigenous peoples in northeastern Argentina to treat SSTIs. Spherical and stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of 14 ± 2 nm were synthesized from the aqueous extract of A. australe and silver nitrate. The antimicrobial activity against main species causing SSTIs and cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AgNP solution and its synthesis components were evaluated. Compared to its synthesis components, AgNP solution showed greater antimicrobial activity and lower cytotoxicity. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was due to the silver and not to the metabolites of the aqueous extract present on the surface of the nanoparticles. The plant extract played an important role in the formation of stable AgNPs and acted as a modulator of cytotoxic and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Mussin
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Mycology Department, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Las Heras 727, 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Viviana Robles-Botero
- grid.418275.d0000 0001 2165 8782Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, CONACYT - Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Casañas-Pimentel
- grid.418275.d0000 0001 2165 8782Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, CONACYT - Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Florencia Rojas
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Mycology Department, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Las Heras 727, 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Letizia Angiolella
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Eduardo San Martín-Martínez
- grid.418275.d0000 0001 2165 8782Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada - Legaria, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Mycology Department, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Av. Las Heras 727, 3500 Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
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78
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Koga H, Munechika Y, Matsumoto H, Nanjoh Y, Harada K, Makimura K, Tsuboi R. Guinea pig seborrheic dermatitis model of Malassezia restricta and the utility of luliconazole. Med Mycol 2021; 58:820-826. [PMID: 31873751 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a multifactorial disease in which Malassezia restricta has been proposed as the predominant pathogenic factor. However, experimental evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. A guinea pig SD model using a clinical isolate of M. restricta was used to elucidate the pathogenicity of M. restricta. Also, the efficacy of 1% luliconazole (LLCZ) cream, a topical imidazole derivative, against M. restricta was compared with that of a 2% ketoconazole (KCZ) cream in the same guinea pig model. Dorsal skin hairs of guinea pig were clipped and treated with M. restricta by single or repeated inoculations without occlusion. Skin manifestations were examined macroscopically and histologically. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was also performed for mycological evaluation. An inflammatory response mimicking SD occurred after repeated as well as single inoculation but not in abraded skin. The inflammation score attained its maximum on day 11 and persisted until day 52. The yeast form of the fungal elements was distributed on the surface of stratum corneum and around the follicular orifices, and an epidermal and dermal histological reaction was observed. Application of 1% LLCZ or 2% KCZ cream significantly improved the skin manifestations and decreased the quantity of M. restricta rDNA in the skin lesions. The efficacy of topical antifungal drugs suggested that M. restricta is a pathogenic factor contributing to SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Koga
- Research Center, Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., 345 Oyamada-cho, Kawachi-Nagano, Osaka 586-0094, Japan
| | - Yukimi Munechika
- Research Center, Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., 345 Oyamada-cho, Kawachi-Nagano, Osaka 586-0094, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsumoto
- Research Center, Nihon Nohyaku Co., Ltd., 345 Oyamada-cho, Kawachi-Nagano, Osaka 586-0094, Japan
| | - Yasuko Nanjoh
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Harada
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Koichi Makimura
- Medical Mycology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Ryoji Tsuboi
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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79
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Park M, Park S, Jung WH. Skin Commensal Fungus Malassezia and Its Lipases. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:637-644. [PMID: 33526754 PMCID: PMC9705927 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2012.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia is the most abundant genus in the fungal microflora found on human skin, and it is associated with various skin diseases. Among the 18 different species of Malassezia that have been identified to date, M. restricta and M. globosa are the most predominant fungal species found on human skin. Several studies have suggested a possible link between Malassezia and skin disorders. However, our knowledge on the physiology and pathogenesis of Malassezia in human body is still limited. Malassezia is unable to synthesize fatty acids; hence, it uptakes external fatty acids as a nutrient source for survival, a characteristic compensated by the secretion of lipases and degradation of sebum to produce and uptake external fatty acids. Although it has been reported that the activity of secreted lipases may contribute to pathogenesis of Malassezia, majority of the data were indirect evidences; therefore, enzymes' role in the pathogenesis of Malassezia infections is still largely unknown. This review focuses on the recent advances on Malassezia in the context of an emerging interest for lipases and summarizes the existing knowledge on Malassezia, diseases associated with the fungus, and the role of the reported lipases in its physiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-31-670-3068 Fax: +82-31-675-1381 E-mail:
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80
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D’Andreano S, Viñes J, Francino O. Whole-Genome Sequencing and De Novo Assembly of Malassezia pachydermatis Isolated from the Ear Canal of a Dog with Otitis. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0020521. [PMID: 34042482 PMCID: PMC8201622 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00205-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have de novo assembled the genome sequence of Malassezia pachydermatis isolated from a canine otitis sample with Nanopore-only long reads. With 99× coverage and 8.23 Mbp, the genome sequence was assembled in 10 contigs, with 6 of them corresponding to chromosomes, improving the scaffolding of previous genome assemblies for the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D’Andreano
- SVGM, Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Viñes
- SVGM, Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Vetgenomics, Edifici EUREKA, PRUAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O. Francino
- SVGM, Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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81
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Angiolella L, Rojas F, Mussin J, Greco R, Sosa MDLA, Zalazar L, Giusiano G. Biofilm formation, adherence, and hydrophobicity of M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae from clinical isolates and normal skinVirulence factors of M. sympodialis, M. globosa and M. slooffiae. Med Mycol 2021; 58:1162-1168. [PMID: 32242627 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Malassezia comprises a heterogeneous group of species that cause similar pathologies. Malassezia yeasts were considered as the most abundant skin eukaryotes of the total skin mycobiome. The ability of this fungus to colonize or infect is determined by complex interactions between the fungal cell and its virulence factors. This study aims to evaluate in vitro the hydrophobicity levels, the adherence capacity on a polystyrene surface and the ability to form biofilm of 19 isolates, including M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae, from healthy subjects and from dermatological disorders. Cellular surface hydrophobicity levels were determined by two-phase system. The biofilm formation was determined by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Strain dependence was observed in all virulence factors studied. All isolates of M. sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae demonstrated their ability to form biofilm at variable capacities. SEM observations confirmed a variable extracellular matrix after 48 hours of biofilm formation. All isolates of M. globosa were highly adherent and/or hydrophobic as well as biofilm producers. In contrast, M. slooffiae was the least biofilm producer. No significant differences between virulence factors were demonstrated for M. sympodialis, either as clinical isolate or as inhabitant of human microbiota. Results of this work together with the previous M. furfur research confirm that the most frequently Malassezia species isolated from normal subject's skin and patients with dermatosis, form biofilm with different capacities. The study of these virulence factors is important to highlight differences between Malassezia species and to determine their involvement in pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Angiolella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Florencia Rojas
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Javier Mussin
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Rosa Greco
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - María de Los Angeles Sosa
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Laura Zalazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento Micologia, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
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82
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Boero E, Mnich ME, Manetti AGO, Soldaini E, Grimaldi L, Bagnoli F. Human Three-Dimensional Models for Studying Skin Pathogens. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 430:3-27. [PMID: 32601967 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the most exposed surface of the human body, separating the microbe-rich external environment, from the sterile inner part. When skin is breached or its homeostasis is perturbed, bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens can cause local infections or use the skin as an entry site to spread to other organs. In the last decades, it has become clear that skin provides niches for permanent microbial colonization, and it actively interacts with microorganisms. This crosstalk promotes skin homeostasis and immune maturation, preventing expansion of harmful organisms. Skin commensals, however, are often found to be skin most prevalent and dangerous pathogens. Despite the medical interest, mechanisms of colonization and invasion for most skin pathogens are poorly understood. This limitation is due to the lack of reliable skin models. Indeed, animal models do not adequately mimic neither the anatomy nor the immune response of human skin. Human 3D skin models overcome these limitations and can provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis. Herein, we address the strengths and weaknesses of different types of human skin models and we review the main findings obtained using these models to study skin pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luca Grimaldi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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83
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Ordiales H, Vázquez-López F, Pevida M, Vázquez-Losada B, Vázquez F, Quirós LM, Martín C. Glycosaminoglycans Are Involved in the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Malassezia Species to Keratinocytes But Not to Dermal Fibroblasts. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021:S1578-2190(21)00161-X. [PMID: 34052141 DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Superficial mycoses are some of the most common diseases worldwide. The usual culprits-yeasts belonging to the genera Malassezia and Candida-are commensal species in the skin that can cause opportunistic infections. We aimed to determine whether these yeasts use glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as adhesion receptors to mediate binding to epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS In keratinocyte and dermal fibroblast cultures, we used rhodamine B and genistein to inhibit GAG synthesis to study the role these molecules play in the adhesion of Candida albicans and Malassezia species to cells. We also analyzed GAG involvement by means of enzyme digestion, using specific lyases. RESULTS Rhodamine B partially inhibited the adhesion of both fungi to keratinocytes but not to fibroblasts. Selective digestion of heparan sulfate enhanced the binding of Malassezia species to keratinocytes and of both fungi to fibroblasts. Chondroitin sulfate digestion decreased Calbicans adhesion to keratinocytes, but increased the adhesion of the filamentous forms of this species to fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Cell surface GAGs appear to play a role in the adhesion of Calbicans and Malasezzia species to keratinocytes. In contrast, their adhesion to fibroblasts appears to be enhanced by GAG inhibition, suggesting that some other type of receptor is the mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ordiales
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - F Vázquez-López
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Pevida
- Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias y CIBERER, U714, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - B Vázquez-Losada
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - F Vázquez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - L M Quirós
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - C Martín
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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84
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Calado MDL, Silva J, Alves C, Susano P, Santos D, Alves J, Martins A, Gaspar H, Pedrosa R, Campos MJ. Marine endophytic fungi associated with Halopteris scoparia (Linnaeus) Sauvageau as producers of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential dermocosmetic application. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250954. [PMID: 33983974 PMCID: PMC8118457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fungi and, particularly, endophytic species have been recognised as one of the most prolific sources of structurally new and diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with multiple biotechnological applications. Despite the increasing number of bioprospecting studies, very few have already evaluated the cosmeceutical potential of marine fungal compounds. Thus, this study focused on a frequent seaweed in the Portuguese coast, Halopteris scoparia, to identify the endophytic marine fungi associated with this host, and assess their ability to biosynthesise secondary metabolites with antioxidative, enzymatic inhibitory (hyaluronidase, collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase), anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and antimicrobial (Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia furfur) activities. The results revealed eight fungal taxa included in the Ascomycota, and in the most representative taxonomic classes in marine ecosystems (Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes). These fungi were reported for the first time in Portugal and in association with H. scoparia, as far as it is known. The screening analyses showed that most of these endophytic fungi were producers of compounds with relevant biological activities, though those biosynthesised by Penicillium sect. Exilicaulis and Aspergillus chevalieri proved to be the most promising ones for being further exploited by dermocosmetic industry. The chemical analysis of the crude extract from an isolate of A. chevalieri revealed the presence of two bioactive compounds, echinulin and neoechinulin A, which might explain the high antioxidant and UV photoprotective capacities exhibited by the extract. These noteworthy results emphasised the importance of screening the secondary metabolites produced by these marine endophytic fungal strains for other potential bioactivities, and the relevance of investing more efforts in understanding the ecology of halo/osmotolerant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria da Luz Calado
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Susano
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Débora Santos
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Joana Alves
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Jorge Campos
- BioISI–Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Abstract
Malassezia are emerging fungal pathogens causing opportunistic skin and severe systemic infection. Nosocomial outbreaks are associated with azole resistance and understanding of the underlying mechanisms are limited to knowledge from other fungal species. Herein, we identified distinct antifungal susceptibility patterns in 26 Malassezia furfur isolates derived from healthy and diseased individuals. A Y67F CYP51 mutation was identified in five isolates of M. furfur However, this mutation alone was insufficient to induce reduce azole susceptibility in the wild type strain. RNA-seq and differential gene analysis of healthy and disease derived strains exposed to clotrimazole in vitro identified several key metabolic pathways and transporter proteins which are involved in reduce azole susceptibility. The pleiotropic drug transporter PDR10 was the single most highly upregulated transporter gene in multiple strains of M. furfur after azole treatment and increased expression of PDR10 is associated with reduced azole susceptibility in some systemic disease isolates of M. furfur Deletion of PDR10 in a pathogenic M. furfur strain with reduced susceptibility reduced MIC values to the level of that in susceptible isolates. The current dearth of antifungal technologies, globally emerging multi-azole resistance, and broad agriculture and consumer care use of azoles means improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying intrinsic and acquired azole resistance in Malassezia is crucial for development of antibiotic stewardship and antifungal treatment strategies.
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86
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Rios-Navarro A, Gonzalez M, Carazzone C, Celis Ramírez AM. Learning about microbial language: possible interactions mediated by microbial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and relevance to understanding Malassezia spp. metabolism. Metabolomics 2021; 17:39. [PMID: 33825999 PMCID: PMC8026438 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms synthesize and release a large diversity of small molecules like volatile compounds, which allow them to relate and interact with their environment. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are carbon-based compounds with low molecular weight and generally, high vapor pressure; because of their nature, they spread easily in the environment. Little is known about the role of VOCs in the interaction processes, and less is known about VOCs produced by Malassezia, a genus of yeasts that belongs to the human skin mycobiota. These yeasts have been associated with several dermatological diseases and currently, they are considered as emerging opportunistic yeasts. Research about secondary metabolites of these yeasts is limited. The pathogenic role and the molecular mechanisms involved in the infection processes of this genus are yet to be clarified. VOCs produced by Malassezia yeasts could play an important function in their metabolism; in addition, they might be involved in either beneficial or pathogenic host-interaction processes. Since these yeasts present differences in their nutritional requirements, like lipids to grow, it is possible that these variations of growth requirements also define differences in the volatile organic compounds produced in Malassezia species. AIM OF REVIEW We present a mini review about VOCs produced by microorganisms and Malassezia species, and hypothesize about their role in its metabolism, which would reveal clues about host-pathogen interaction. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Since living organisms inhabit a similar environment, the interaction processes occur naturally; as a result, a signal and a response from participants of these processes become important in understanding several biological behaviors. The efforts to elucidate how living organisms interact has been studied from several perspectives. An important issue is that VOCs released by the microbiota plays a key role in the setup of relationships between living micro and macro organisms. The challenge is to determine what is the role of these VOCs produced by human microbiota in commensal/pathogenic scenarios, and how these allow understanding the species metabolism. Malassezia is part of the human mycobiota, and it is implicated in commensal and pathogenic processes. It is possible that their VOCs are involved in these behavioral changes, but the knowledge about this remains overlocked. For this reason, VOCs produced by microorganisms and Malassezia spp. and their role in several biological processes are the main topic in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rios-Navarro
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Cellular and Molecular of Pathogenic Microorganisms Research Group (CeMoP), Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá, 111711 Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - Mabel Gonzalez
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá, 111711 Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - Chiara Carazzone
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Laboratory of Advanced Analytical Techniques in Natural Products (LATNAP), Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá, 111711 Cundinamarca Colombia
| | - Adriana Marcela Celis Ramírez
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Cellular and Molecular of Pathogenic Microorganisms Research Group (CeMoP), Biological Sciences Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12, Bogotá, 111711 Cundinamarca Colombia
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87
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Susano P, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Gaspar H, Pinteus S, Mouga T, Goettert MI, Petrovski Ž, Branco LB, Pedrosa R. Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:135. [PMID: 33671016 PMCID: PMC7997182 DOI: 10.3390/md19030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1-F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Susano
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (P.S.); (J.S.); (A.M.); (H.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Teresa Mouga
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Márcia Ines Goettert
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Postgraduate Programme in Biotechnology, University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Lajeado, RS 95914-014, Brazil;
| | - Željko Petrovski
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Luís B. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (Ž.P.); (L.B.B.)
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
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88
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Unravelling the Dermatological Potential of the Brown Seaweed Carpomitra costata. Mar Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/md19030135
expr 985274223 + 856008892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing interest in keeping a young appearance and healthy skin has leveraged the skincare industry. This, coupled together with the increased concern regarding the safety of synthetic products, has boosted the demand for new and safer natural ingredients. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the dermatological potential of the brown seaweed Carpomitra costata. The antioxidant, anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, photoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of five C. costata fractions (F1–F5) were evaluated. The ethyl acetate fraction (F3) demonstrated the most promising results, with the best ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (EC50 of 140.1 µg/mL) and the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production promoted by UVA and UVB radiation in 3T3 cells, revealing its antioxidant and photoprotective potential. This fraction also exhibited the highest anti-enzymatic capacity, inhibiting the activities of collagenase, elastase and tyrosinase (IC50 of 7.2, 4.8 and 85.9 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, F3 showed anti-inflammatory potential, reducing TNF-α and IL-6 release induced by LPS treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. These bioactivities may be related to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as phlorotannins, as demonstrated by NMR analysis. The results highlight the potential of C. costata as a source of bioactive ingredients for further dermatological applications.
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89
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Mahmoudi E, Rezaie J. Isolation of different fungi from the skin of patients with seborrheic dermatitis. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 6:49-51. [PMID: 33628982 PMCID: PMC7888523 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.2.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is characterized by erythematous inflammatory patches that mostly appear in the sebaceous gland-rich skin areas. In addition to the key role of Malassezia species in SD, its contribution to other fungal microbiota has been recently addressed in the literature. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to identify and determine the fungal species associated with the incidence of SD. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, fungal microbiome in scaling samples were collected from SD lesions and then analyzed based on the DNA sequencing of ITS regions. Results: In addition to Malassezia, several fungal species were detected in the samples collected
from the SD lesions. According to the results, 15.5%, 13.3%, and 6.7% of the isolates were identified as
Candida parapsilosis, Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus/ Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Penicillium polonicum, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, C. parapsilosis was the most prevalent non-Malassezia species isolated from SD lesions. Our results provided basic information about a specific fungal population accounting for the incidence of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Mahmoudi
- Department of Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Jahangir Rezaie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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90
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Ordiales H, Vázquez-López F, Pevida M, Vázquez-Losada B, Vázquez F, Quirós LM, Martín C. Glycosaminoglycans Are Involved in the Adhesion of Candida albicans and Malassezia Species to Keratinocytes But Not to Dermal Fibroblasts. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021; 112:S0001-7310(21)00086-7. [PMID: 33609451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Superficial mycoses are some of the most common diseases worldwide. The usual culprits - yeasts belonging to the genera Malassezia and Candida - are commensal species in the skin that can cause opportunistic infections. We aimed to determine whether these yeasts use glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as adhesion receptors to mediate binding to epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS In keratinocyte and dermal fibroblast cultures, we used rhodamine B and genistein to inhibit GAG synthesis to study the role these molecules play in the adhesion of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Malassezia species to cells. We also analyzed GAG involvement by means of enzyme digestion, using specific lyases. RESULTS Rhodamine B partially inhibited the adhesion of both fungi to keratinocytes but not to fibroblasts. Selective digestion of heparan sulfate enhanced the binding of Malassezia species to keratinocytes and of both fungi to fibroblasts. Chondroitin sulfate digestion decreased C. albicans adhesion to keratinocytes, but increased the adhesion of the filamentous forms of this species to fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS Cell surface GAGs appear to play a role in the adhesion of C albicans and Malasezzia species to keratinocytes. In contrast, their adhesion to fibroblasts appears to be enhanced by GAG inhibition, suggesting that some other type of receptor is the mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ordiales
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - F Vázquez-López
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - M Pevida
- Centro Comunitario de Sangre y Tejidos del Principado de Asturias y CIBERER, U714, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - B Vázquez-Losada
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - F Vázquez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - L M Quirós
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España
| | - C Martín
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (IUFV), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España; Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, España.
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91
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Vijaya Chandra SH, Srinivas R, Dawson TL, Common JE. Cutaneous Malassezia: Commensal, Pathogen, or Protector? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:614446. [PMID: 33575223 PMCID: PMC7870721 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.614446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin microbial community is a multifunctional ecosystem aiding prevention of infections from transient pathogens, maintenance of host immune homeostasis, and skin health. A better understanding of the complex milieu of microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions will be required to define the ecosystem's optimal function and enable rational design of microbiome targeted interventions. Malassezia, a fungal genus currently comprising 18 species and numerous functionally distinct strains, are lipid-dependent basidiomycetous yeasts and integral components of the skin microbiome. The high proportion of Malassezia in the skin microbiome makes understanding their role in healthy and diseased skin crucial to development of functional skin health knowledge and understanding of normal, healthy skin homeostasis. Over the last decade, new tools for Malassezia culture, detection, and genetic manipulation have revealed not only the ubiquity of Malassezia on skin but new pathogenic roles in seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and pancreatic ductal carcinoma. Application of these tools continues to peel back the layers of Malassezia/skin interactions, including clear examples of pathogenicity, commensalism, and potential protective or beneficial activities creating mutualism. Our increased understanding of host- and microbe-specific interactions should lead to identification of key factors that maintain skin in a state of healthy mutualism or, in turn, initiate pathogenic changes. These approaches are leading toward development of new therapeutic targets and treatment options. This review discusses recent developments that have expanded our understanding of Malassezia's role in the skin microbiome, with a focus on its multiple roles in health and disease as commensal, pathogen, and protector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasamy Srinivas
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John E Common
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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92
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Ciociola T, Giovati L, Conti S, Magliani W. Anti-Infective Antibody-Derived Peptides Active against Endogenous and Exogenous Fungi. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010143. [PMID: 33435157 PMCID: PMC7827253 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoses still represent relevant opportunistic infections worldwide, although overshadowed in recent years by other severe and more widespread infections. Moreover, deep-seated mycoses are often accompanied by unacceptably high mortality rates. Etiologic agents include endogenous components of the mycobiota, Candida and Malassezia species above all, and exogenous species, both yeasts and filamentous fungi. Old and new fungal pathogens are increasingly characterized by resistance to the existing antifungal agents, making imperative the search for effective and safe new therapeutics. Among the candidate molecules proposed in recent decades, synthetic peptides derived from the complementarity determining and constant regions of diverse antibodies (Abs), as well as the translated products of Ab-encoding genes, have proved of considerable interest. Their anti-infective activities, regardless of the specificity and isotype of the originating Ab, will be briefly presented and discussed in the light of their different mechanisms of action. Intriguing suggestions on the possible function of Abs after their half-life will be presented, following the recent detection, in human serum, of an antimicrobial Ab-derived peptide. Overall, Abs could represent a source of biologically active, highly flexible peptides, devoid of detectable toxicity, which can be easily synthesized and manipulated to be used, alone or in association with already available drugs, for new anti-infective strategies.
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93
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Díaz L, Castellá G, Bragulat MR, Martorell J, Paytuví-Gallart A, Sanseverino W, Cabañes FJ. External ear canal mycobiome of some rabbit breeds. Med Mycol 2020; 59:683-693. [PMID: 33369664 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Malassezia is part of the normal skin mycobiota of a wide range of warm-blooded animals. In this genus, M. cuniculi is the only species described from rabbits. However, Malassezia species are rarely studied in lagomorphs. In the present study, the presence of Malassezia was assessed in samples from the external ear canal of healthy rabbits of different breeds. Cytological and culture techniques, Sanger sequencing, and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to describe the ear mycobiota in the samples. Although no growth was observed in the cultured plates, cytological examination revealed the presence of round cells similar to those of Malassezia yeasts. For metagenomics analysis, the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit of the ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) was PCR amplified and the resulting reads were mapped against a custom-made cured database of 26S fungal sequences. NGS analysis revealed that Basidiomycota was the most abundant phylum in all the samples followed by Ascomycota. Malassezia was the most common genus presenting the highest abundance in the external ear canal. Malassezia phylotype 131 and M. cuniculi were the main sequences detected in the external auditory canal of rabbits. The study included both lop-eared and erect-eared rabbits and no differences were observed in the results when comparing both groups. This is the first attempt to study the external ear canal mycobiome of rabbits of different breeds using NGS. LAY SUMMARY In the present study, the presence of Malassezia was assessed in samples from the external ear canal of healthy rabbits of different breeds. Cytological and culture techniques, Sanger sequencing, and Next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to describe the ear mycobiota in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyna Díaz
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Castellá
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Rosa Bragulat
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jaume Martorell
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - F Javier Cabañes
- Veterinary Mycology Group, Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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94
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Rosa LH, Pinto OHB, Šantl-Temkiv T, Convey P, Carvalho-Silva M, Rosa CA, Câmara PEAS. DNA metabarcoding of fungal diversity in air and snow of Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21793. [PMID: 33311553 PMCID: PMC7733504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed fungal diversity present in air and freshly deposited snow samples obtained from Livingston Island, Antarctica, using DNA metabarcoding through high throughput sequencing (HTS). A total of 740 m3 of air were pumped through a 0.22 µm membrane. Snow obtained shortly after deposition was kept at room temperature and yielded 3.760 L of water, which was filtered using Sterivex membranes of 0.22 µm mesh size. The total DNA present was extracted and sequenced. We detected 171 fungal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), 70 from the air and 142 from the snow. They were dominated by the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Mucoromycota. Pseudogymnoascus, Cladosporium, Mortierella and Penicillium sp. were the most dominant ASVs detected in the air in rank order. In snow, Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium, Meyerozyma, Lecidea, Malassezia, Hanseniaspora, Austroplaca, Mortierella, Rhodotorula, Penicillium, Thelebolus, Aspergillus, Poaceicola, Glarea and Lecanora were the dominant ASVs present. In general, the two fungal assemblages displayed high diversity, richness, and dominance indices, with the assemblage found in snow having the highest diversity indices. Of the total fungal ASVs detected, 29 were only present in the air sample and 101 in the snow sample, with only 41 present in both samples; however, when only the dominant taxa from both samples were compared none occurred only in the air and, among the rare portion, 26 taxa occurred in both air and snow. Application of HTS revealed the presence of a more diverse fungal community in the air and snow of Livingston Island in comparison with studies using traditional isolation methods. The assemblages were dominated by cold-adapted and cosmopolitan fungal taxa, including members of the genera Pseudogymnoascus, Malassezia and Rhodotorula, which include some taxa reported as opportunistic. Our results support the hypothesis that the presence of microbiota in the airspora indicates the possibility of dispersal around Antarctica in the air column. However, further aeromycology studies are required to understand the dynamics of fungal dispersal within and beyond Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | | | - Tina Šantl-Temkiv
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1540 Office 124, 116 Ny Munkegade, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | | | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
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95
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Inhibitory Potential of Essential Oils on Malassezia strains by Various Plants. THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL ELECTRONIC CONFERENCE ON PLANT SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/iecps2020-08838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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96
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Novel sulfamoylbenzoates as antifungal agents against Malassezia furfur. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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97
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Krzyściak P, Bakuła Z, Gniadek A, Garlicki A, Tarnowski M, Wichowski M, Jagielski T. Prevalence of Malassezia species on the skin of HIV-seropositive patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17779. [PMID: 33082431 PMCID: PMC7576784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia is a genus of lipophilic yeasts residing on the skin of warm-blooded animals. The correlation between specific species and their involvement in skin diseases has been well researched. However, only very few studies have investigated the distribution of Malassezia spp. on the healthy skin of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The purpose of this work was to analyze whether the composition of Malassezia spp. isolated from the skin of the HIV-infected patients differs from that of healthy individuals. The study included a total of 96 subjects, who were divided into two equally sized groups: HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative. The specimens were collected from the subjects by swabbing four anatomical sites (face, chest, back, and scalp). Species were identified using phenotype-based methods, and the identification of strains isolated from the HIV-seropositive patients was confirmed by PCR sequencing of the rDNA cluster. Malassezia spp. were isolated from 33 (69%) HIV-seropositive patients and 38 (79%) healthy volunteers. It was found that men were much more likely to have their heads colonized with Malassezia spp. than women. The most prevalent species on the skin of both HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals were Malassezia sympodialis, M. globosa, and M. furfur, albeit at different proportions in the two populations. The diversity of Malassezia spp. was the highest on the face of the HIV-seropositive patients (Shannon-Weiner Index H = 1.35) and lowest on the back of the healthy volunteers (H = 0.16). The phenotype- and molecular-based identification methods were congruent at 94.9%. It was observed a tendency that the HIV-seropositive patients had higher CD4+ cell counts, indicating higher colonization with Malassezia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krzyściak
- Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Microbiology, Department of Mycology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Zofia Bakuła
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gniadek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksander Garlicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Tarnowski
- Graduate of Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Wichowski
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jagielski
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
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98
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Dyląg M, Leniak E, Gnat S, Szepietowski JC, Kozubowski L. A case of anti- pityriasis versicolor therapy that preserves healthy mycobiome. BMC DERMATOLOGY 2020; 20:9. [PMID: 32993612 PMCID: PMC7526128 DOI: 10.1186/s12895-020-00106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The impact of Malassezia yeasts on skin mycobiome and health has received considerable attention recently. Pityriasis versicolor (PV), a common dermatosis caused by Malassezia genus worldwide, is a manifestation of dysbiosis. PV can be associated with hyper- and/or hypopigmented skin lesions. This disease entity is characterized by high percentage of relapses, which demands a proper antifungal therapy that is based on unambiguous species identification and drug susceptibility testing. Case presentation Comprehensive analysis of PV case in man presenting simultaneously hyper- and hypopigmented skin lesions was performed. Conventional and molecular diagnostic procedures revealed Malassezia furfur and Malassezia sympodialis, respectively as etiological agents of skin lesions observed. Susceptibility tests showed significantly lowered sensitivity of M. furfur cells to fluconazole. Based on susceptibility profiles local antifungal therapy with drugs characterized by entirely different mechanism of action was included. Conclusions Our study indicates that cases of PV represented by two types of skin lesions in one patient may be associated with distinct Malassezia species. Moreover, as observed in this case, each of the isolated etiological agents of PV may differ significantly in susceptibility to antifungals. This can significantly complicate the treatment of dermatosis, which by definition is associated with a significant percentage of relapses. In the presented case localized topical treatment was sufficient and successful while allowing maintaining the physiological mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Dyląg
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Leniak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Kozubowski
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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99
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Rare Invasive Yeast Infections in Greek Neonates and Children, a Retrospective 12-Year Study. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040194. [PMID: 32998455 PMCID: PMC7711555 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Candida species remain the leading cause of invasive fungal infections (IFI), the list of other isolated fungal pathogens is increasing. The aim of the study was to report cases of IFI caused by rare yeasts in the largest tertiary Greek pediatric hospital. A retrospective study was performed from 6/2008–6/2020 regarding IFI caused by rare species. Identification of isolates was attained by conventional, molecular, and MALDI TOF MS methods, and susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) methodology. During a 12-year period, 14 different rare fungal species in 33 neonates and children with IFI hospitalized in intensive care and oncology units were isolated from blood, central catheters, peritoneal, pleural, or pericardial fluid specimens. It is the first time for IFI caused by Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Candida pelliculosa), Pichia fermentans (Candida lambica), Yarrowia (Candida) lipolytica, Pichia (Hansenula) kluyveri, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Wickerhamiella (Candida) pararugosa and Cyberlindnera (Candida) fabianii in Greek neonates and children to be reported. For most of these rare fungal species isolated in the present study, no official antifungal breakpoints have been defined, and there are no guidelines for their treatment. Clinical laboratories should be aware of uncommon and emerging yeast pathogens and be able to detect them with molecular and proteomic methods.
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100
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Mochizuki T, Tsuboi R, Iozumi K, Ishizaki S, Ushigami T, Ogawa Y, Kaneko T, Kawai M, Kitami Y, Kusuhara M, Kono T, Sato T, Sato T, Shimoyama H, Takenaka M, Tanabe H, Tsuji G, Tsunemi Y, Hata Y, Harada K, Fukuda T, Matsuda T, Maruyama R. Guidelines for the management of dermatomycosis (2019). J Dermatol 2020; 47:1343-1373. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryoji Tsuboi
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical University TokyoJapan
| | - Ken Iozumi
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital TokyoJapan
| | - Sumiko Ishizaki
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East TokyoJapan
| | | | - Yumi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology Juntendo University TokyoJapan
| | - Takehiko Kaneko
- Graduate School of Human Ecology Wayo Women’s University IchikawaJapan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Department of Dermatology Juntendo University Koshigaya Hospital KoshigayaJapan
| | - Yuki Kitami
- Department of Dermatology Showa University TokyoJapan
| | | | - Takeshi Kono
- Department of Dermatology Nippon Medical School Chibahokusoh Hospital InzaiJapan
| | | | - Tomotaka Sato
- Department of Dermatology Teikyo University Medical Center IchiharaJapan
| | - Harunari Shimoyama
- Department of Dermatology Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital KawasakiJapan
| | - Motoi Takenaka
- Department of Dermatology Nagasaki University NagasakiJapan
| | | | - Gaku Tsuji
- Department of Dermatology Kyushu UniversityGraduate School of Medical Sciences FukuokaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Tsunemi
- Department of Dermatology Saitama Medical University MoroyamaJapan
| | - Yasuki Hata
- Kanagawa Hata Dermatology Clinic YokohamaJapan
| | | | - Tomoo Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology Saitama Medical Center KawagoeJapan
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