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Jin XY, Zhao LJ, Luo DH, Liu L, Dai YD, Hu XX, Wang YY, Lin X, Hong F, Li TC, Zhang SY. Pinopode score around the time of implantation is predictive of successful implantation following frozen embryo transfer in hormone replacement cycles. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:2394-2403. [PMID: 29040606 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is pinopode measurement of any prognostic value? SUMMARY ANSWER Pinopode expression was significantly associated with the occurrence of pregnancy after frozen embryo transfer. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Pinopodes are expressed in the endometrium during the implantation period. Pinopode measurement has been proposed as a marker of endometrial receptivity. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Center of Reproductive Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, between 2014 and 2016, recruiting 172 women with infertility and undergoing frozen embryo transfer following IVF treatment. Among 172 participants, 46 women took part in the first study to quantify the daily changing pattern of pinopodes 3-7 days after the initiation of progesterone therapy in the hormone replacement cycles and the remaining 126 women with infertility participated in a study to examine the relationship between pinopode count and pregnancy outcome following frozen embryo transfer in hormone replacement cycles. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The mean age of participants was 29 years old. All participants received an artificial hormone replacement protocol capable of supporting successful implantation. Endometrial biopsies from 46 women were obtained 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 days after the initiation of progesterone therapy (P + 3, n = 6; P + 4, n = 6; P + 5, n = 11; P + 6, n = 13; P + 7, n = 10, respectively). Another 126 endometrial biopsies were obtained precisely 6 days after the initiation of progesterone. Scanning electron microscopy was used to capture the pinopode images, followed by use of the image J program to quantify the count and subtype of the pinopodes. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found that at least 60 microscopic fields were necessary to achieve a reproducible result. An intra-observer variability study showed good agreement between two measurements regarding the developing pinopode (DP) subtype (r = 0.95) and the fully developed pinopode (FDP) subtype (r = 0.86) but not for the regressing (RP) pinopode subtype (r = 0.39). The proportion of DP/total pinopodes (TP) declined rapidly form day P + 4 to a minimum on day P + 6. The percentage of FDP/TP increased rapidly from day P + 4 to reach a peak on day P + 6. On the other hand, the percentage of RP/TP reached a peak on day P + 7. Participants who conceived had a significantly (P = 0.011) higher percentage of FDP/TP on day P + 6 and significantly (P = 0.005) lower percentage of DP/TP on the same day compared with participants who did not become pregnant. Using a scoring system incorporating the percentages of DP and FDP, it was found that the pregnancy rate and the embryo implantation rate of women with a high pinopode score (82.3%; 63.0%) was significantly (P = 0.001; P = 0.046) higher than that of women with a low pinopode score (53.3%; 46.7%), respectively. There remains a possibility that the observations could have arisen due to chance. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study examined pinopode count and subtype in the HRT cycles, and it is uncertain whether the same observations apply to in natural cycles. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FNDINGS Pinopodes have been questioned as a potential marker of endometrial receptivity for many years. Our results suggested that pinopode measurement may be of value in predicting pregnancy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was supported by the grants from the general project of medicine and health in Zhejiang Province of China (2015KYA142; 2018KY106), the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2017C03022) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81701514).The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. We have no competing interests to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN26300668.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - L J Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - D H Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - Y D Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - X X Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - Y Y Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - X Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - F Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
| | - T C Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - S Y Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, 3# Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou 310016, PR China
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Senapati S, Wang F, Ord T, Coutifaris C, Feng R, Mainigi M. Superovulation alters the expression of endometrial genes critical to tissue remodeling and placentation. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1799-1808. [PMID: 29959621 PMCID: PMC6150905 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic data suggest that in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increased risk of disorders of placentation including preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Specifically, studies have demonstrated that singleton pregnancies conceived following a fresh embryo transfer are at an increased risk of delivering an infant with low birth weight compared to those conceived following a frozen embryo transfer. The mechanism responsible for this association remains unclear. Procedures utilized in IVF have also been linked with epigenetic changes and gene expression changes in both fetal and maternal tissues. Data suggest that modifications in the maternal endometrium can lead to disordered trophoblast invasion and placentation. This study examines the effect of ovarian stimulation on endometrial gene expression and DNA methylation during the window of implantation to examine potential pathways playing a role in the adverse outcomes associated with IVF. METHODS Endometrial biopsies were obtained from oocyte donors and age-matched naturally cycling women 11 days following oocyte retrieval in donors or 12 days following luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in naturally cycling women. Global gene expression was analyzed via Affymetrix Human Gene 1.1 ST array and confirmed with RT-qPCR. DNA methylation was assessed with the Infinium DNA methylation 450 K BeadChip. RESULTS Analysis of endometrial gene expression from 23 women (11 oocyte donors and 12 controls) demonstrated 165 genes with a greater than twofold change in expression between donors and controls. While there were 785 genes with significant differential methylation in the endometrium of donors when compared with control subjects, none of the genes with altered expression showed significant changes in DNA methylation. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed enrichment for genes involved in endometrial remodeling including PLAT, HSPE2, MMP2, and TIMP1. Validation studies using RT-qPCR found a 73% reduction in expression of heparanase 2 (HSPE2) an enzyme associated with both angiogenesis and cell invasion, a greater than twofold increase in tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT), a serine protease participating in matrix degradation, and a 70% increase in MMP2, a gelatinase involved in collagen and fibronectin breakdown. CONCLUSIONS Superovulation alters expression of genes critical to endometrial remodeling during early implantation. Such changes could lead to altered trophoblast migration and impaired endovascular invasion. These findings offer a potential mechanism for the adverse perinatal outcomes observed following embryo transfer during fresh IVF cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneeta Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3701 Market Street Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Teri Ord
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3701 Market Street Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3701 Market Street Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rui Feng
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica Mainigi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3701 Market Street Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Katoh N, Kuroda K, Tomikawa J, Ogata-Kawata H, Ozaki R, Ochiai A, Kitade M, Takeda S, Nakabayashi K, Hata K. Reciprocal changes of H3K27ac and H3K27me3 at the promoter regions of the critical genes for endometrial decidualization. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1243-1257. [PMID: 30212243 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Decidualization is essential for embryo implantation and placental development. We aimed to obtain transcriptome and epigenome profiles for primary endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and in vitro decidualized cells. MATERIALS & METHODS ESCs isolated from human endometrial tissues remained untreated (D0), or decidualized for 4 days (D4) and 8 days (D8) in the presence of 8-bromo-cAMP and progesterone. RESULTS Among the epigenetic modifications examined (DNA methylation, H3K27ac, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3), the H3K27ac patterns changed most dramatically, with a moderate correlation with gene expression changes, upon decidualization. Subsets of up- and down-regulated genes upon decidualization were associated with reciprocal changes of H3K27ac and H3K27me3 modifications at their promoter region, and were enriched with genes essential for decidualization such as WNT4, ZBTB16, PROK1 and GREB1. CONCLUSION Our dataset is useful to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Katoh
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuroda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Junko Tomikawa
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ogata-Kawata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Rie Ozaki
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Asako Ochiai
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Mari Kitade
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Satoru Takeda
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hata
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Rarani FZ, Borhani F, Rashidi B. Endometrial pinopode biomarkers: Molecules and microRNAs. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9145-9158. [PMID: 29968908 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrastructural changes on the apical surface of the luminal epithelium of the uterus are known as pinopodes. Their morphology in species and in special species is associated with different results about size, duration, and percentage of surface area covered by pinopodes. The content of pinopodes is different in rodents and humans. In mice and rats pinopodes have many vacuoles and no organelle that extends to the actin stalk above the microvilli. Human pinopodes do not have a large vacuole and contain the golgi complex, a rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles, and mitochondria that extend from the entire cell surface. It has been suggested that pinopodes are good markers of endometrial receptivity and implantation window. There are several molecular markers related to the presence of pinopodes, including integrins, leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF), l-selectin, HOXA10, glutaredoxin, glycodelinA, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, mucins, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs could affect the expression of LIF and pinopodes in the endometrium and these molecules play key roles in implantation window processes. Here, we have summarized the morphology and function of pinopodes. Moreover, we have highlighted several molecules in relation to pinopodes that could be used as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Zamani Rarani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borhani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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55
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Olesen MS, Starnawska A, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Bielfeld AP, Agerholm I, Forman A, Overgaard MT, Nyegaard M. Biological age of the endometrium using DNA methylation. Reproduction 2017; 155:167-172. [PMID: 29162648 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age has a detrimental effect on reproduction and as an increasing number of women postpone motherhood, it is imperative to assess biological age in terms of fertility prognosis and optimizing fertility treatment individually. Horvath's epigenetic clock is a mathematical algorithm that calculates the biological age of human cells, tissues or organs based on DNA methylation levels. The clock, however, was previously shown to be highly inaccurate for the human endometrium, most likely because of the hormonal responsive nature of this tissue. The aim of this study was to determine if epigenetically based biological age of the human endometrium correlated with chronological age, when strictly timed to the same time point in the menstrual cycle. Endometrial biopsies from nine women were obtained in two consecutive cycles, both strictly timed to the LH surge (LH + 7) and additionally, peripheral whole blood samples were analyzed. Using the Illumina HumanMethylation 450 K array and Horvath's epigenetic clock, we found a significant correlation between the biological age of the endometrium and the chronological age of the participants, although the endometrial biological age was accelerated by comparison with blood and chronological age. Moreover, similar biological ages were found in pairs of consecutive biopsies, indicating that an endometrial biopsy does not alter the biological age in the following cycle. In conclusion, as long as endometrial samples are timed to the same time point in the menstrual cycle, Horvath's epigenetic clock could be a powerful new biomarker of reproductive aging in the human endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia S Olesen
- The Fertility ClinicHorsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Anna Starnawska
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,iPSYCH: The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric ResearchAarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Alexandra P Bielfeld
- Department of GynaecologyObstetrics and REI (UniKiD), Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Inge Agerholm
- The Fertility ClinicHorsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Axel Forman
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsAarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Michael T Overgaard
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg University, Aalborg E, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Li S, Zhu D, Duan H, Ren A, Glintborg D, Andersen M, Skov V, Thomassen M, Kruse T, Tan Q. Differential DNA methylation patterns of polycystic ovarian syndrome in whole blood of Chinese women. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20656-20666. [PMID: 27192117 PMCID: PMC5400534 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As a universally common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, the polycystic ovarian syndrome is characterized by composite clinical phenotypes reflecting the contributions of reproductive impact of ovarian dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities with widely varying symptoms resulting from interference of the genome with the environment through integrative biological mechanisms including epigenetics. We have performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis on polycystic ovarian syndrome and identified a substantial number of genomic sites differentially methylated in the whole blood of PCOS patients and healthy controls (52 sites, false discovery rate < 0.05 and corresponding p value < 5.68e–06), highly consistently replicating biological pathways extensively implicated in immunity and immunity-related inflammatory disorders (false discovery rate < 0.05) that were reportedly regulated in the DNA methylome from ovarian tissue under PCOS condition. Most importantly, our genome-wide profiling focusing on PCOS patients revealed a large number of DNA methylation sites and their enriched functional pathways significantly associated with diverse clinical features (levels of prolactin, estradiol, progesterone and menstrual cycle) that could serve as novel molecular basis of the clinical heterogeneity observed in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Li
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dongyi Zhu
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Medicine, Kolding Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Anran Ren
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, China
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Vibe Skov
- Department of Hematology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Torben Kruse
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- Unit of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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An X, Liu X, Zhang L, Liu J, Zhao X, Chen K, Ma H, Li G, Cao B, Song Y. MiR-449a regulates caprine endometrial stromal cell apoptosis and endometrial receptivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12248. [PMID: 28947781 PMCID: PMC5612931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of miR-449a in the pre-receptive endometrium were lower compared to the receptive endometrium, which is consistent with previous sequencing data (previous investigations). To detect the role of miR-449a in endometrial receptivity, we transfected caprine endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) cultured in vitro with miR-449a mimics. The results revealed that miR-449a decreased the mRNA and protein levels of LGR4 by targeting its 3′-untranslated region. The miR-449a mimics significantly reduced the G1 cell population from 52.56% (mimic NC) to 42.19% with a concordant increase in the G2 and S cell populations from 47.44% (mimic NC) to 57.81%, suggesting that miR-449a caused ESC cell cycle arrest. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in ESCs transfected with miR-449a mimics (P < 0.05) than in ESCs transfected with mimic NC. In vivo, rich pinopodes were observed on the endometrial surface in the miR-449a agomir group compared with the miR-449a antagomir group. The results of hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that endometrial thickness was significantly increased in the miR-449a agomir group compared with the miR-449a antagomir group. These results suggest that miR-449a could enhance endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Junze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Northwest A&F University of Hospital, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Binyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
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Broi MGD, Rocha CV, Meola J, Martins WP, Carvalho FM, Ferriani RA, Navarro PA. Expression of PGR, HBEGF, ITGAV, ITGB3 and SPP1 genes in eutopic endometrium of infertile women with endometriosis during the implantation window: a pilot study. JBRA Assist Reprod 2017; 21:196-202. [PMID: 28837027 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20170038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in endometrial receptivity may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of endometriosis-related infertility. The literature has suggested that patients with endometriosis present progestin resistance, which could affect embryo implantation. We question the presence of alterations in the expression of the progesterone receptor gene (PGR) and the genes related to endometrium-embryo interaction regulated by progesterone. This pilot study compared the expression of PGR, HBEGF, ITGAV, ITGB3, and SPP1 genes in eutopic endometrium during the implantation window (IW) in infertile women with endometriosis with that observed in the endometrium of fertile and infertile controls. METHODS In this prospective case-control study, endometrial biopsies were performed during the IW in patients aged between 18 and 45 years old, with regular cycles and without endocrine/systemic dysfunctions, divided into endometriosis (END), infertile control (IC) and fertile control (FC) groups. Total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and gene expression analysis by Real-Time PCR were performed. We assessed the size of the difference that our series was powered to detect. RESULTS From the 687 patients who underwent diagnostic videolaparoscopy or tubal ligation at the University Hospital, 130 were eligible. Of these, 32 had endometrial samples collected, with 17 confirmed in the IW. Fifteen samples (5 END, 5 IC and 5 FC) were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the expression of any studied gene. Our sample size allowed us to identify or discard large differences (two standard deviations) among the groups. CONCLUSION Endometriosis doesn't cause large changes in the endometrial expression of PGR, HBEGF, ITGAV, ITGB3 and SPP1 during the IW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele G Da Broi
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos V Rocha
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Meola
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellington P Martins
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rui A Ferriani
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula A Navarro
- Human Reproduction Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,National Institute of Hormones and Woman's Health, CNPq, Brazil
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Effects of high progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration in in vitro fertilization cycles on epigenetic modification of endometrium in the peri-implantation period. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:269-276.e1. [PMID: 28778281 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of high P level on the day of hCG administration in IVF cycles on epigenetic modifications of endometrium in the peri-implantation period. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING University assisted reproductive unit. PATIENT(S) Forty patients were recruited: 20 women with high P levels were compared with 20 women with normal P levels. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial tissues were collected 7 days after hCG administration in women with normal or high P levels on the day of hCG administration. Immunohistochemical staining of DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine, 5-mC), histone methylation (H3K4me2/3, H3K9me2, H3K27me3), and histone acetylation (H3K4ac, H3K9ac) was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) A semiquantitative analysis was performed in the luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, and stroma, separately. Correlations between P, estrogen levels, and epigenetic markers were compared. RESULT(S) In luminal epithelium, the expression of H3K9me2 in the high P group was significantly higher than that in the normal P group. In glandular epithelium, the expression of 5-mC, H3K9me2, and H3K9ac in the high P group was significantly higher than that in the normal P group. In stroma, the expression of H3K27me3 in the high P group was significantly higher than that in the normal P group. Expression of 5-mC in glandular epithelium, H3k9me2 in glandular and luminal epithelium, and H3K27me3 in stroma was significantly correlated with P levels. H3k9me2 in glandular epithelium was significantly correlated with estrogen levels. CONCLUSION(S) High P level on the day of hCG administration in IVF cycles affects epigenetic modifications in three compartments of endometrium in the peri-implantation period. The epigenetic markers' expression was mainly correlated with P level. The altered epigenetic modification status in the endometrium may disrupt the endometrial receptivity in women with high P on the day of hCG administration.
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Abstract
Many biotechnologies are currently used in livestock breeding with the aim of improving reproductive efficiency and increasing the rate of genetic progress in production animals. Semen cryopreservation is the most widely used cryobiotechnology, although vitrification techniques now allow embryos and oocytes to be banked in ever-increasing numbers. Cryopreservation of other types of germplasm (reproductive tissue in general) is also possible, although the techniques are still in the early stages of development for use in livestock species. Although still in their infancy, these techniques are increasingly being used in aquaculture. Germplasm conservation enables reproductive tissues from both animals and fish to be preserved to generate offspring in the future without having to maintain large numbers of living populations of these species. However, such measures need careful planning and coordination. This review explains why the preservation of genetic diversity is needed for livestock and fish, and describes some of the issues involved in germplasm banking. Furthermore, some recent developments in semen handling leading to improved semen cryopreservation and biosecurity measures are also discussed.
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Kukushkina V, Modhukur V, Suhorutšenko M, Peters M, Mägi R, Rahmioglu N, Velthut-Meikas A, Altmäe S, Esteban FJ, Vilo J, Zondervan K, Salumets A, Laisk-Podar T. DNA methylation changes in endometrium and correlation with gene expression during the transition from pre-receptive to receptive phase. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634372 PMCID: PMC5478666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner uterine lining (endometrium) is a unique tissue going through remarkable changes each menstrual cycle. Endometrium has its characteristic DNA methylation profile, although not much is known about the endometrial methylome changes throughout the menstrual cycle. The impact of methylome changes on gene expression and thereby on the function of the tissue, including establishing receptivity to implanting embryo, is also unclear. Therefore, this study used genome-wide technologies to characterize the methylome and the correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression in endometrial biopsies collected from 17 healthy fertile-aged women from pre-receptive and receptive phase within one menstrual cycle. Our study showed that the overall methylome remains relatively stable during this stage of the menstrual cycle, with small-scale changes affecting 5% of the studied CpG sites (22,272 out of studied 437,022 CpGs, FDR < 0.05). Of differentially methylated CpG sites with the largest absolute changes in methylation level, approximately 30% correlated with gene expression measured by RNA sequencing, with negative correlations being more common in 5' UTR and positive correlations in the gene 'Body' region. According to our results, extracellular matrix organization and immune response are the pathways most affected by methylation changes during the transition from pre-receptive to receptive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Kukushkina
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Marina Suhorutšenko
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Peters
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Signe Altmäe
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jaak Vilo
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krina Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Triin Laisk-Podar
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia. .,Women's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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62
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Bartosch C, Lopes JM, Jerónimo C. Epigenetics in endometrial carcinogenesis - part 2: histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNAs. Epigenomics 2017; 9:873-892. [PMID: 28523964 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multistep multifactorial process that involves the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. In the past two decades, there has been an exponential growth of knowledge establishing the importance of epigenetic changes in cancer. Our work focused on reviewing the main role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma, highlighting the reported results concerning each epigenetic mechanistic layer. In a previous review, we assessed DNA methylation alterations. The present review examines the contribution of histone modifications, chromatin remodeling and noncoding RNA alterations for endometrial carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bartosch
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Department of Pathology & Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology & Immunology, University of Porto); I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.ccc), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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63
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Sun X, Liu X. Cancer metastasis: enactment of the script for human reproductive drama. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:51. [PMID: 28469531 PMCID: PMC5414196 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on compelling evidence from many biological disciplines, we put forth a hypothesis for cancer metastasis. In the hypothesis, the metastatic cascade is depicted as human reproduction in miniature. Illustrated in a reproductive light, the staggering resemblance of cancer metastasis to human reproduction becomes evident despite some ostensible dis-similarities. In parallel to the appearance of primordial germ cells during early embryogenesis, the cancer reproductive saga starts with the separation of metastasis initiating cells (MICs) from cancer initiating cells when the primary cancer is still in its infancy. Prime MICs embark on a journey to the host bone marrow where they undergo further development and regulation. Migrating MICs are guided by the same CXCR4/CYCL12 axis as used in the migration of primordial germ cells to the genital ridge. Like the ovary, the host bone marrow features immune privileges, coolness, hypoxia and acidity which are essential for stemness maintenance and regulation. Opportune activation of the MICs via fusion with bone marrow stem cells triggers a frenzy of cellular proliferation and sets them on the move again. This scenario is akin to oocyte fertilization in the Fallopian tube and its subsequent journey towards the decidum. Just as the human reproductive process is plagued with undesirable outcomes so is the cancer metastasis highly inefficient. The climax of the cancer metastatic drama (colonization) is reached when proliferating MIC clusters attempt to settle down on decidum-like premetastatic sites. Successfully colonized clusters blossom into overt macrometastases only after the execution of sophisticated immunomodulation, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. Similarly, the implanted blastomere needs to orchestrate these feats before flourishing into a new life. What is more, the cancer reproductive drama seems to be directed by a primordial hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad axis. Pursuing this reproductive trail could lead to new frontiers and breakthroughs in cancer research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGuire Holmes Veteran Affairs Medical Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249 USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
| | - Xiwu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGuire Holmes Veteran Affairs Medical Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA 23249 USA.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Hunan, China
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64
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Ito F, Yamada Y, Shigemitsu A, Akinishi M, Kaniwa H, Miyake R, Yamanaka S, Kobayashi H. Role of Oxidative Stress in Epigenetic Modification in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 24:1493-1502. [PMID: 28443478 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117704909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation and histone modification are associated with an increased risk of reproductive disorders such as endometriosis. However, a cause-effect relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and endometriosis development has not been fully determined. This review provides current information based on oxidative stress in epigenetic modification in endometriosis. This article reviews the English-language literature on epigenetics, DNA methylation, histone modification, and oxidative stress associated with endometriosis in an effort to identify epigenetic modification that causes a predisposition to endometriosis. Oxidative stress, secondary to the influx of hemoglobin, heme, and iron during retrograde menstruation, is involved in the expression of CpG demethylases, ten-eleven translocation, and jumonji (JMJ). Ten-eleven translocation and JMJ recognize a wide range of endogenous DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The increased expression levels of DNMTs may be involved in the subsequent downregulation of the decidualization-related genes. This review supports the hypothesis that there are at least 2 distinct phases of epigenetic modification in endometriosis: the initial wave of iron-induced oxidative stress would be followed by the second big wave of epigenetic modulation of endometriosis susceptibility genes. We summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the underlying epigenetic mechanisms focusing on oxidative stress in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuminori Ito
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Aiko Shigemitsu
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Mika Akinishi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kaniwa
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryuta Miyake
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Yamanaka
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Merviel P, Cabry R, Lourdel E, Lanta S, Amant C, Copin H, Benkhalifa M. Comparison of two preventive treatments for patients with recurrent miscarriages carrying a C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation: 5-year experience. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1720-1730. [PMID: 28703660 PMCID: PMC5805189 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516675111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of anticoagulant treatment on pregnancy outcomes in
patients with previous recurrent miscarriages (RM) who carry a
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene
mutation. Methods In this longitudinal retrospective study, patients with RM were treated
during pregnancy with either: (i) 100 mg/day aspirin and 5 mg/day folic acid
(group 1); or the same protocol plus 0.4 mg/day enoxaparin (group 2). An
age-matched group of triparous women without RM or thrombophilia was used as
the control group (group 3). Results This study enrolled 246 women with RM (123 per treatment group) and
age-matched controls (n = 117). The delivery rate was
significantly lower in group 1 than group 2 (46.3% versus 79.7%,
respectively). The miscarriage rate was significantly lower in group 2
compared with group 1 (20.3% versus 51.2%, respectively). In the control
group 3, the delivery rate was 86.3% and the miscarriage rate was 12.8%. Conclusion Treatment with low-dose aspirin, enoxaparin and folic acid was the most
effective therapy in women with RM who carried a C677T
MTHFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Merviel
- 1 Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Bretagne Occidentale University, Brest University Medical Centre, Brest, France
| | - Rosalie Cabry
- 2 Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens University Medical Centre, Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lourdel
- 2 Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens University Medical Centre, Amiens, France
| | - Segolene Lanta
- 2 Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens University Medical Centre, Amiens, France
| | - Carole Amant
- 3 Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens University Medical Centre, Amiens, France
| | - Henri Copin
- 4 Department of Reproductive Medicine and Cytogenetics, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens University Medical Centre, Amiens, France
| | - Moncef Benkhalifa
- 4 Department of Reproductive Medicine and Cytogenetics, Picardie University Jules Verne, Amiens University Medical Centre, Amiens, France
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66
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Bartosch C, Monteiro-Reis S, Almeida-Rios D, Vieira R, Castro A, Moutinho M, Rodrigues M, Graça I, Lopes JM, Jerónimo C. Assessing sirtuin expression in endometrial carcinoma and non-neoplastic endometrium. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1144-54. [PMID: 26701732 PMCID: PMC4811449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins participate in hormone imbalance, metabolism and aging, which are important processes for endometrial cancer (EC) development. Sirtuins mRNA expression (SIRT1 to 7) was determined in 76 ECs (63 Type I, 12 Type II and one mixed EC), and 30 non-neoplastic endometria (NNE) by quantitative real-time PCR. SIRT1 and SIRT7 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using Allred score. Compared to NNE, ECs showed SIRT7 (p < 0.001) mRNA overexpression, whereas SIRT1 (p < 0.001), SIRT2 (p < 0.001), SIRT4 (p < 0.001) and SIRT5 (p < 0.001) were underexpressed. No significant differences were observed for SIRT3 and SIRT6. Type II ECs displayed lower SIRT1 (p = 0.032) and SIRT3 (p = 0.016) transcript levels than Type I ECs. Concerning protein expression, SIRT1 immunostaining median score was higher in ECs compared to NNE epithelium (EC = 5 vs. NNE = 2, p < 0.001), while SIRT7 was lower in ECs (EC = 6 vs. NNE = 7, p < 0.001). No significant associations were found between SIRT1/7 immunoexpression and histological subtype, grade, lymphovascular invasion or stage. Our data shows that sirtuins are deregulated in EC. The diversity of expression patterns observed suggests that sirtuins may have distinctive roles in endometrial cancer similarly to what has been described in other cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bartosch
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Epigenetics & Biology Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Monteiro-Reis
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Epigenetics & Biology Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Almeida-Rios
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Epigenetics & Biology Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata Vieira
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Castro
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Moutinho
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Rodrigues
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Graça
- Cancer Epigenetics & Biology Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP (Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Epigenetics & Biology Group, Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Plaza-Parrochia F, Oróstica L, García P, Vera C, Romero C, Valladares L, Vega M. Molecular Mechanisms of Androstenediol in the Regulation of the Proliferative Process of Human Endometrial Cells. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:1079-1087. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719116678689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Oróstica
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula García
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Vera
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Valladares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile Clinical Hospital, Santiago, Chile
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68
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Evans J, Salamonsen LA, Winship A, Menkhorst E, Nie G, Gargett CE, Dimitriadis E. Fertile ground: human endometrial programming and lessons in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:654-667. [PMID: 27448058 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue that is cyclically shed, repaired, regenerated and remodelled, primarily under the orchestration of oestrogen and progesterone, in preparation for embryo implantation. Humans are among the very few species that menstruate and that, consequently, are equipped with unique cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling these cyclic processes. Many reproductive pathologies are specific to menstruating species, and studies in animal models rarely translate to humans. Abnormal remodelling and regeneration of the human endometrium leads to a range of reproductive complications. Furthermore, the processes regulating endometrial remodelling and implantation, including those controlling hormonal impact, breakdown and repair, stem/progenitor cell activation, inflammation and cell invasion have broad applications to other fields. This Review presents current knowledge regarding the normal and abnormal function of the human endometrium. The development of biomarkers for prediction of uterine diseases and pregnancy disorders and future avenues of investigation to improve fertility and enhance endometrial function are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Evans
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Lois A Salamonsen
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Amy Winship
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia
| | - Eva Dimitriadis
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
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Marí-Alexandre J, Barceló-Molina M, Olcina-Guillem M, García-Oms J, Braza-Boïls A, Gilabert-Estellés J. MicroRNAs: New players in endometriosis. World J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 5:28-38. [DOI: 10.5317/wjog.v5.i1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder that limits the quality of life of affected women. This pathology affects 10% of reproductive-age women, although the prevalence in those patients experiencing pain, infertility or both is as high as 35%-50%. Endometriosis is characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, primarily on the pelvic peritoneum, ovaries and the pouch of Douglas. Despite extensive research endeavours, a unifying theory regarding the exact etiopathogenic mechanism of this high prevalent and incapacitating condition is still lacking, although it has been suggested that epigenetics could be involved. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), one of the epigenetic players, are small non-coding RNAs that can act as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, reducing the expression of their target mRNAs either inhibiting its translation or promoting its degradation. MiRNA expression profiles are specific of tissue and cell type. Abnormal miRNA expression has been described in different pathological conditions, such as a myriad of oncological, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases and gynecological pathologies. In endometriosis, miRNA expression patterns of eutopic endometrium from patients and control women and from different endometriotic lesions have been described. These small non-coding molecules have become attractive candidates as novel biomarkers for an early non-invasive diagnosis of the disease, which could suppose a valuable benefit to the patients in terms of improvement of prognosis and reduction of the ratio of recurrence. In this systematic review we will focus on the role of miRNAs in the pathophisiology of endometriosis.
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70
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Masuda A, Katoh N, Nakabayashi K, Kato K, Sonoda K, Kitade M, Takeda S, Hata K, Tomikawa J. An improved method for isolation of epithelial and stromal cells from the human endometrium. J Reprod Dev 2016; 62:213-8. [PMID: 26853786 PMCID: PMC4848580 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to improve the efficiency of isolating endometrial epithelial and stromal cells (EMECs and EMSCs) from the human endometrium. We revealed by immunohistochemical staining that the large tissue fragments remaining after collagenase treatment, which are usually discarded after the first filtration in the conventional protocol, consisted of glandular epithelial and stromal cells. Therefore, we established protease treatment and cell suspension conditions to dissociate single cells from the tissue fragments and isolated epithelial (EPCAM-positive) and stromal (CD13-positive) cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Four independent experiments showed that, on average, 1.2 × 10(6) of EMECs and 2.8 × 10(6) EMSCs were isolated from one hysterectomy specimen. We confirmed that the isolated cells presented transcriptomic features highly similar to those of epithelial and stromal cells obtained by the conventional method. Our improved protocol facilitates future studies to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes of the endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Masuda
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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Marí-Alexandre J, Sánchez-Izquierdo D, Gilabert-Estellés J, Barceló-Molina M, Braza-Boïls A, Sandoval J. miRNAs Regulation and Its Role as Biomarkers in Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010093. [PMID: 26771608 PMCID: PMC4730335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (18-22 nt) that function as modulators of gene expression. Since their discovery in 1993 in C. elegans, our knowledge about their biogenesis, function, and mechanism of action has increased enormously, especially in recent years, with the development of deep-sequencing technologies. New biogenesis pathways and sources of miRNAs are changing our concept about these molecules. The study of the miRNA contribution to pathological states is a field of great interest in research. Different groups have reported the implication of miRNAs in pathologies such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and gynecological diseases. It is also well-known that miRNAs are present in biofluids (plasma, serum, urine, semen, and menstrual blood) and have been proposed as ideal candidates as disease biomarkers. The goal of this review is to highlight the current knowledge in the field of miRNAs with a special emphasis to their role in endometriosis and the newest investigations addressing the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for this gynecological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Marí-Alexandre
- Unit of Hemostasia, Thrombosis, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
| | | | | | - Moisés Barceló-Molina
- Unit of Hemostasia, Thrombosis, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
| | - Aitana Braza-Boïls
- Unit of Hemostasia, Thrombosis, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
| | - Juan Sandoval
- Epigomics Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia 46026, Spain.
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Plaza-Parrochia F, Poblete C, Gabler F, Carvajal R, Romero C, Valladares L, Vega M. Expression of steroid sulfated transporters and 3β-HSD activity in endometrium of women having polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2015; 104:189-95. [PMID: 26450365 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intracrinology mechanism involves the metabolism of steroids in peripheral tissues, such as DHEA, to molecules with estrogenic or androgenic activity. Proliferation rate of endometria from Polycystic Ovary Syndrome women (PCOS) is increased, favoring hyperplasia development. Besides, in endometria from PCOS-women the synthesis of androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol), an estrogenic molecule, is enhanced concomitantly to increased cellular proliferation. DHEA, the major intracrinological precursor, circulates mainly in its sulfated form and requires transporters for cell intake, that belong to the families of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) and organic anion transporters (OAT). The aim of this study was to determine protein levels and activity of sulfated steroid transporters OATP2B1, OATP3A1, OATP4A1 and OAT4 in endometria from control and PCOS-women and to evaluate the activity of the enzyme 3β-HSD. Levels of transporters were done by RT-PCR (OAT4 only) and Western-blot (WB). Additionally, in primary culture cells stimulated with steroids, protein levels by WB and uptake of tritiated DHEAS, were evaluated; 3β-HSD activity was assessed using radiolabel substrate. PCOS-endometrium had higher levels of OATP2B1 and OATP4A1 than CE (p<0.05); decreased OATP4A1 levels were found in androstenediol or testosterone-stimulated cells. Accordingly, the entry of DHEAS to cells was lower in cells stimulated with testosterone (p<0.05); 3β-HSD-activity was similar in control and PCOS-endometria. Therefore, this study describes that steroids can modulate the expression and activity of transporters of OATPs-family in human endometria and that some transporter levels are increased in PCOS-endometria, suggesting a potential role in the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gabler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santa Rosa #1234, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Valladares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul #5540, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont #999, Santiago, Chile.
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Dyson MT, Kakinuma T, Pavone ME, Monsivais D, Navarro A, Malpani SS, Ono M, Bulun SE. Aberrant expression and localization of deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase 3B in endometriotic stromal cells. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:953-963.e2. [PMID: 26239024 PMCID: PMC4603532 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the expression and function of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in response to decidualizing stimuli in endometriotic cells compared with healthy endometrial stroma. DESIGN Basic science. SETTING University research center. PATIENT(S) Premenopausal women with or without endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Primary cultures of stromal cells from healthy endometrium (E-IUM) or endometriomas (E-OSIS) were subjected to in vitro decidualization (IVD) using 1 μM medroxyprogesterone acetate, 35 nM 17β-estradiol, and 0.05 mM 8-Br-cAMP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B in E-IUM and E-OSIS were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Recruitment of DNMT3B to the promoters of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1) was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. RESULT(S) IVD treatment reduced DNMT3B messenger RNA (74%) and protein levels (81%) only in E-IUM; DNMT1 and DNMT3A were unchanged in both cell types. Significantly more DNMT3B bound to the SF-1 promoter in E-IUM compared with E-OSIS, and IVD treatment reduced binding in E-IUM to levels similar to those in E-OSIS. Enrichment of DNMT3B across 3 ESR1 promoters was reduced in E-IUM after IVD, although the more-distal promoter showed increased DNMT3B enrichment in E-OSIS after IVD. CONCLUSION(S) The inability to downregulate DNMT3B expression in E-OSIS may contribute to an aberrant epigenetic fingerprint that misdirects gene expression in endometriosis and contributes to its altered response to steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Dyson
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Toshiyuki Kakinuma
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mary Ellen Pavone
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Diana Monsivais
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Antonia Navarro
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Saurabh S Malpani
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Masanori Ono
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Division of Reproductive Biology Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms may play an important role in the etiology of endometriosis. The modification of histones by methylation of lysine residues has been shown to regulate gene expression by changing chromatin structure. We have previously shown that endometriotic lesions had aberrant levels of histone acetylation (lower) and methylation (higher) than control tissues. We aimed to determine the levels of trimethylated histone 3 at lysine residue 27 (H3K27me3), a well-known repressive mark, by immunoassay of fresh tissues and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of an endometriosis-focused tissue microarray. Also, we aimed to determine levels of expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the enzyme responsible for trimethylation of H3K27me3, in cell lines. Average levels of H3K27me3 measured by immunoassay were not significantly different in lesions compared to endometrium from patients and controls. However, there was a trend of higher levels of H3K27me3 in secretory versus proliferative endometrium. The results of IHC showed that lesions (ovarian, fallopian, and peritoneal) and secretory endometrium from controls have higher percentage of H3K27me3-positive nuclei than eutopic endometrium from patients. Endometriotic epithelial cells express high levels of EZH2, which is upregulated by progesterone. This study provides evidence in support of a role of H3K27me3 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and for EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target for this disease, but more studies are necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Colón-Caraballo
- Department of Microbiology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Janice B Monteiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Idhaliz Flores
- Department of Microbiology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ponce Health Sciences University-School of Medicine and Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, PR, USA
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He H, Kong S, Liu F, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Liao Y, Jiang Y, Li Q, Wang B, Zhou Z, Wang H, Huo R. Rbbp7 Is Required for Uterine Stromal Decidualization in Mice1. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:13. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.129015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Sofo V, Götte M, Laganà AS, Salmeri FM, Triolo O, Sturlese E, Retto G, Alfa M, Granese R, Abrão MS. Correlation between dioxin and endometriosis: an epigenetic route to unravel the pathogenesis of the disease. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2015; 292:973-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-015-3739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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77
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Song Y, An X, Zhang L, Fu M, Peng J, Han P, Hou J, Zhou Z, Cao B. Identification and profiling of microRNAs in goat endometrium during embryo implantation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122202. [PMID: 25886011 PMCID: PMC4401794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that had fundamental roles in post-transcriptional gene expression, and they are crucial for proper control of biological processes and known to participate in embryo implantation. However, miRNA expression profiles in the pre-receptive and receptive phases of the goat endometrium during embryo implantation are unknown. Results A total of 1,069 and 847 miRNAs were expressed in receptive (R) and pre-receptive (P) goat endometrium, and 632 miRNAs were co-expressed in both phases. We identified 545 (50.98%) known miRNAs in the R library and 522 (61.63%) in the P library. There were 110 up-expressed miRNAs and 33 down-expressed miRNAs in receptive endometrium compared with the pre-receptive endometrium meeting the criteria of P-values< 0.05. Moreover, GO and KEGG analysis of the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed some candidate miRNAs, genes and pathways that may involve in the formation of the receptive endometrium. Based on stem-loop RT-qPCR, 15 miRNAs were detected and the results suggested that the majority of the miRNA expression data measured by Solexa deep sequencing could represent actual miRNA expression levels. Conclusions Our data revealed the first miRNA profile related to the biology of the goat receptive endometrium during embryo implantation, and the results suggested that a subset of miRNAs might play important roles in the formation of endometrial receptivity. Thus, elucidating the physiological roles of endometrial miRNAs will help us better understand the genetic control of embryo implantation in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhe Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Peng Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jingxing Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhanqin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Bingyun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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78
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Dyssynchronous secretory endometrial glands often show sporadically acquired progesterone nonresponsiveness. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2015; 34:239-44. [PMID: 25844547 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary sporadic gene-inactivating events within the progesterone response cascade might explain the presence of individual dyssynchronous (outlier) glands commonly observed in a secretory background. We queried morphologically dyssynchronous glands in mid-secretory endometrium with a series of markers normally downregulated by progesterone. Seventy-nine mid-secretory endometrial biopsies were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, MIB-1, PAX2, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and PTEN. Aberrant staining of glands was independently scored for each marker. Outlier glands overlapping between stains were enumerated. A total of 63% of cases had hematoxylin and eosin stained outlier glands (average 9), which often demonstrated failed progesterone-mediated downregulation of PAX2 (43%), estrogen (40%), and/or progesterone receptors (28%). Aberrations of progesterone response was seen in 70% to 85% of cases overall, averaging 10 to 30 glands/affected case. The frequency and burden of affected glands was similar to that seen for primary inactivating events of the PAX2 and PTEN genes (35% and 41% of cases, respectively, averaging 32 and 38 glands per affected patient). Sporadic gene-inactivating events are common during endometrial regeneration, and may cause morphologic changes unmasked by the hormonal context. Some of these dyssynchronous "outlier" glands, whether evident on hematoxylin and eosin stain or not, have an interrupted progesterone response.
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79
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Gellersen B, Brosens JJ. Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:851-905. [PMID: 25141152 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Decidualization denotes the transformation of endometrial stromal fibroblasts into specialized secretory decidual cells that provide a nutritive and immunoprivileged matrix essential for embryo implantation and placental development. In contrast to most mammals, decidualization of the human endometrium does not require embryo implantation. Instead, this process is driven by the postovulatory rise in progesterone levels and increasing local cAMP production. In response to falling progesterone levels, spontaneous decidualization causes menstrual shedding and cyclic regeneration of the endometrium. A growing body of evidence indicates that the shift from embryonic to maternal control of the decidual process represents a pivotal evolutionary adaptation to the challenge posed by invasive and chromosomally diverse human embryos. This concept is predicated on the ability of decidualizing stromal cells to respond to individual embryos in a manner that either promotes implantation and further development or facilitates early rejection. Furthermore, menstruation and cyclic regeneration involves stem cell recruitment and renders the endometrium intrinsically capable of adapting its decidual response to maximize reproductive success. Here we review the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine cues that tightly govern this differentiation process. In response to activation of various signaling pathways and genome-wide chromatin remodeling, evolutionarily conserved transcriptional factors gain access to the decidua-specific regulatory circuitry. Once initiated, the decidual process is poised to transit through distinct phenotypic phases that underpin endometrial receptivity, embryo selection, and, ultimately, resolution of pregnancy. We discuss how disorders that subvert the programming, initiation, or progression of decidualization compromise reproductive health and predispose for pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Gellersen
- Endokrinologikum Hamburg (B.G.), 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and Division of Reproductive Health (J.J.B.), Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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80
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Plaza-Parrochia F, Bacallao K, Poblete C, Gabler F, Carvajal R, Romero C, Valladares L, Vega M. The role of androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol) in cell proliferation in endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2014; 89:11-9. [PMID: 25065586 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) show high prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Endometrial proliferation is increased, evaluated by high levels of Ki67 (cell cycle marker) and low levels of p27 (negative regulator of cell cycle). Nevertheless, endometrial changes in cyclin D1 (positive regulator of cell cycle) in PCOS-women are not described. Androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol), steroid with estrogenic activity present in endometria, could be related to increased endometrial cell proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine protein content of cyclin D1 and androstenediol levels in endometria from PCOS and control-women and to evaluate the possible mechanism favoring cell proliferation associated with hormonal characteristics of patients. Therefore, cyclin D1 protein content in PCOS-women and control-endometrial tissue were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. The androstenediol levels were evaluated by ELISA. To further analyze the effect of steroids (androstenediol, 17β-estradiol, testosterone) in cell proliferation, levels of proteins cyclin D1, p27 and Ki67 were evaluated in an in vitro model of stromal endometrial cells T-HESC and St-T1b. An increase in cyclin D1 and androstenediol was observed in tissues from PCOS-women relative to control group (p<0.05). In the in vitro model, androstenediol exerted increase in cyclin D1 (p<0.05) and a decrease in p27 protein level (p<0.05), while Ki67 in St-T1b cells increased under this stimulus (p<0.05). Testosterone produces opposite effects in the levels of the above markers (p<0.05). Therefore, the hormonal imbalance associated with this syndrome could alter endometrial tissue homeostasis, promoting cell proliferation. Androstenediol is a molecule that could be involved by stimulating proliferation, whereas testosterone elicits a role of cell cycle repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ketty Bacallao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Poblete
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Gabler
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital, Santa Rosa #1234, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Romero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Valladares
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Macul #5540, Chile
| | - Margarita Vega
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Clinical Hospital, Santos Dumont # 999, Santiago, Chile.
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81
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Li F, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Liu T, Qu X. GnRH analogues may increase endometrial Hoxa10 promoter methylation and affect endometrial receptivity. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:509-14. [PMID: 25323439 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRH-as), including GnRH agonists and antagonists, affect endometrial homeobox (Hox) a10 DNA methylation during the implantation window in mice. GnRH analogue mouse models were used and were treated with either human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and a GnRH agonist or HMG and a GnRH antagonist. Uterus samples were collected 48 h after GnRH analogue treatment or ovulation. Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative-PCR and western blot analysis were performed to assess Hoxa10 and integrin β3 expression. Scanning electron microscope analyses were conducted to analyze pinopode development. Compared with the natural cycle control mice, mice in the GnRH analogue groups were found to exhibit increased levels of methylation at the Hoxa10 promoter, decreased Hoxa10 mRNA and protein expression and disrupted pinopode development. These findings suggest that GnRH-as may be associated with altered Hoxa10 DNA methylation, thus GnRH-as may affect uterine Hoxa10 expression and endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Xinlan Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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82
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Kanherkar RR, Bhatia-Dey N, Csoka AB. Epigenetics across the human lifespan. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:49. [PMID: 25364756 PMCID: PMC4207041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has the potential to explain various biological phenomena that have heretofore defied complete explication. This review describes the various types of endogenous human developmental milestones such as birth, puberty, and menopause, as well as the diverse exogenous environmental factors that influence human health, in a chronological epigenetic context. We describe the entire course of human life from periconception to death and chronologically note all of the potential internal timepoints and external factors that influence the human epigenome. Ultimately, the environment presents these various factors to the individual that influence the epigenome, and the unique epigenetic and genetic profile of each individual also modulates the specific response to these factors. During the course of human life, we are exposed to an environment that abounds with a potent and dynamic milieu capable of triggering chemical changes that activate or silence genes. There is constant interaction between the external and internal environments that is required for normal development and health maintenance as well as for influencing disease load and resistance. For example, exposure to pharmaceutical and toxic chemicals, diet, stress, exercise, and other environmental factors are capable of eliciting positive or negative epigenetic modifications with lasting effects on development, metabolism and health. These can impact the body so profoundly as to permanently alter the epigenetic profile of an individual. We also present a comprehensive new hypothesis of how these diverse environmental factors cause both direct and indirect epigenetic changes and how this knowledge can ultimately be used to improve personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya R Kanherkar
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naina Bhatia-Dey
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
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83
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Khatkar M, Randhawa I, Raadsma H. Meta-assembly of genomic regions and variants associated with female reproductive efficiency in cattle. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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84
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Chuderland D, Ben-Ami I, Friedler S, Hasky N, Ninio-Many L, Goldberg K, Bar-Joseph H, Grossman H, Shalgi R. Hormonal regulation of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression in the endometrium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 390:85-92. [PMID: 24769282 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is highly expressed in the female reproductive system and is subjected to regulation by steroid hormones in the ovary. As the uterine endometrium exhibits morphological and functional changes in response to estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4), we aimed at characterizing the expression of PEDF in this component of the female reproductive tract and further at exploring the hormonal regulation of its expression. We found that PEDF is expressed in human and mouse endometrium. We further showed that this expression is subjected to regulation by steroid hormones, both in vivo and in vitro, as follows: E2 decreased PEDF expression and P4 increased its levels. In human endometrial samples, PEDF levels were dynamically altered along the menstrual cycle; they were low at the proliferative and early secretory phases and significantly higher at the late secretory phase. The expression levels of PEDF were inversely correlated to that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We also showed that PEDF receptor was expressed in the endometrium and that its stimulation reduced VEGF expression. Illustrating the pattern of PEDF expression during the menstrual cycle may contribute to our understanding of the endometrial complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Chuderland
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Ben-Ami
- IVF and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Shevach Friedler
- IVF and Infertility Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Infertility Clinic Kupat Cholim Meuchedet, Sprinzak Branch, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Hasky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lihi Ninio-Many
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Keren Goldberg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadas Bar-Joseph
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadas Grossman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ruth Shalgi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Houshdaran S, Zelenko Z, Irwin JC, Giudice LC. Human endometrial DNA methylome is cycle-dependent and is associated with gene expression regulation. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:1118-35. [PMID: 24877562 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endometrium undergoes major gene expression changes, resulting in altered cellular functions in response to cyclic variations in circulating estradiol and progesterone, largely mediated by transcription factors and nuclear receptors. In addition to classic modulators, epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression during development in response to environmental factors and in some diseases and have roles in steroid hormone action. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DNA methylation plays a role in gene expression regulation in human endometrium in different hormonal milieux. High throughput, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of endometrial samples in proliferative, early secretory, and midsecretory phases revealed dynamic DNA methylation patterns with segregation of proliferative from secretory phase samples by unsupervised cluster analysis of differentially methylated genes. Changes involved different frequencies of gain and loss of methylation within or outside CpG islands. Comparison of changes in transcriptomes and corresponding DNA methylomes from the same samples revealed association of DNA methylation and gene expression in a number of loci, some important in endometrial biology. Human endometrial stromal fibroblasts treated in vitro with estradiol and progesterone exhibited DNA methylation changes in several genes observed in proliferative and secretory phase tissues, respectively. Taken together, the data support the observation that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in gene expression regulation in human endometrium in different hormonal milieux, adding endometrium to a small number of normal adult tissues exhibiting dynamic DNA methylation. The data also raise the possibility that the interplay between steroid hormone and methylome dynamics regulates normal endometrial functions and, if abnormal, may result in endometrial dysfunction and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Houshdaran
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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86
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Kobayashi H, Higashiura Y, Koike N, Akasaka J, Uekuri C, Iwai K, Niiro E, Morioka S, Yamada Y. Genes Downregulated in Endometriosis Are Located Near the Known Imprinting Genes. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:966-972. [PMID: 24615936 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114526473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is now accumulating evidence that endometriosis is a disease associated with an epigenetic disorder. Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon known to regulate DNA methylation of either maternal or paternal alleles. We hypothesize that hypermethylated endometriosis-associated genes may be enriched at imprinted gene loci. We sought to determine whether downregulated genes associated with endometriosis susceptibility are associated with chromosomal location of the known paternally and maternally expressed imprinting genes. Gene information has been gathered from National Center for Biotechnology Information database geneimprint.com. Several researchers have identified specific loci with strong DNA methylation in eutopic endometrium and ectopic lesion with endometriosis. Of the 29 hypermethylated genes in endometriosis, 19 genes were located near 45 known imprinted foci. There may be an association of the genomic location between genes specifically downregulated in endometriosis and epigenetically imprinted genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yumi Higashiura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Natsuki Koike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Juria Akasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Chiharu Uekuri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kana Iwai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Emiko Niiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Sachiko Morioka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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87
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Kobayashi H, Iwai K, Niiro E, Morioka S, Yamada Y. Fetal programming theory: Implication for the understanding of endometriosis. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:208-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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88
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Altmäe S, Esteban FJ, Stavreus-Evers A, Simón C, Giudice L, Lessey BA, Horcajadas JA, Macklon NS, D'Hooghe T, Campoy C, Fauser BC, Salamonsen LA, Salumets A. Guidelines for the design, analysis and interpretation of 'omics' data: focus on human endometrium. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:12-28. [PMID: 24082038 PMCID: PMC3845681 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmt048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Omics' high-throughput analyses, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, are widely applied in human endometrial studies. Analysis of endometrial transcriptome patterns in physiological and pathophysiological conditions has been to date the most commonly applied 'omics' technique in human endometrium. As the technologies improve, proteomics holds the next big promise for this field. The 'omics' technologies have undoubtedly advanced our knowledge of human endometrium in relation to fertility and different diseases. Nevertheless, the challenges arising from the vast amount of data generated and the broad variation of 'omics' profiling according to different environments and stimuli make it difficult to assess the validity, reproducibility and interpretation of such 'omics' data. With the expansion of 'omics' analyses in the study of the endometrium, there is a growing need to develop guidelines for the design of studies, and the analysis and interpretation of 'omics' data. METHODS Systematic review of the literature in PubMed, and references from relevant articles were investigated up to March 2013. RESULTS The current review aims to provide guidelines for future 'omics' studies on human endometrium, together with a summary of the status and trends, promise and shortcomings in the high-throughput technologies. In addition, the approaches presented here can be adapted to other areas of high-throughput 'omics' studies. CONCLUSION A highly rigorous approach to future studies, based on the guidelines provided here, is a prerequisite for obtaining data on biological systems which can be shared among researchers worldwide and will ultimately be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia
- School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Anneli Stavreus-Evers
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Akademiska Sjukhuset, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlos Simón
- Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (FIVI) and Instituto Universitario IVI/INCLIVA, Valencia University, 46021 Valencia, Spain
| | - Linda Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0132, USA
| | - Bruce A. Lessey
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Group, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, South Carolina, SC 29605, USA
| | - Jose A. Horcajadas
- Araid-Hospital Miguel Servet, 50004 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nick S. Macklon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Developmental Origins of Adult Disease, University of Southampton, Princess Anne Hospital, SO16 5YA Southampton, UK
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- Leuven University Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven (Leuven University), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Campoy
- School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Bart C. Fauser
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lois A. Salamonsen
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Tartu, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
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89
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Haroun S, Altmäe S, Kuningas M, Stavreus-Evers A. The association of trefoil factor 3 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with unexplained female infertility: molecular insights into TFF3 regulation in receptive phase endometrium. HUM FERTIL 2013; 16:291-8. [PMID: 24228773 DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2013.850747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract This study examined the genetic variation within the gene trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) in relation to unexplained female infertility in a group of women where aberrant endometrial maturation was suspected. The study consisted of 113 women with a diagnosis of unexplained infertility and 289 healthy fertile volunteers. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms rs225439, rs533093, rs225361, rs11701143, and rs77436142 within TFF3 gene were analyzed using real-time PCR. The formed haplotype pattern within the TFF3 gene in relation to infertility was also assessed. TFF3 protein localization and expression in receptive stage endometrium at the time of implantation was measured in a subset of fertile (n = 7) and infertile (n = 12) women. Allele and genotype frequencies did not differ significantly between fertile and infertile women, nor did the formed haplotypes. TFF3 protein was expressed in all cell types in receptive stage endometria in fertile and infertile women. No significant association was observed between protein expression and analyzed genotypes. A significantly higher TFF3 expression in luminal epithelial cells was detected in women with unexplained infertility (p = 0.003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Haroun
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital , Uppsala , Sweden
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90
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Hull ML, Nisenblat V. Tissue and circulating microRNA influence reproductive function in endometrial disease. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 27:515-29. [PMID: 24055529 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
microRNA (miRNA) have emerged as important epigenetic modulators of gene expression in diverse pathological and physiological processes. In the endometrium, miRNA appear to have a role in the dynamic changes associated with the menstrual cycle, in implantation and in the pathophysiology associated with reproductive disorders such as recurrent miscarriage and endometriosis. This review explores the role of miRNA in endometrial physiology and endometrial disorders of reproduction and also raises the prospect that circulating miRNA may modulate endometrial function or reflect disordered endometrial activity. The clinical potential to use miRNA in diagnostic tests of endometrial function or in the treatment of endometrial disorders will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Louise Hull
- The Robinson Institute, Research Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Australia; The Women's and Children's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Adelaide, Australia.
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91
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Monteiro JB, Colón-Díaz M, García M, Gutierrez S, Colón M, Seto E, Laboy J, Flores I. Endometriosis is characterized by a distinct pattern of histone 3 and histone 4 lysine modifications. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:305-18. [PMID: 23899551 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113497267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histone modification patterns in endometriosis have not been fully characterized. This gap in knowledge results in a poor understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms (and potential therapeutic targets) at play. We aimed to (1) assess global acetylation status of histone 3 (H3) and histone 4 (H4), (2) measure levels of H3 and H4 lysine (K) acetylation and methylation, and (3) to identify histone acetylation patterns in promoter regions of candidate genes in tissues from patients and controls. METHODS Global and K-specific acetylation/methylation levels of histones were measured in 24 lesions, 15 endometrium from patients, and 26 endometrium from controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the histone acetylation status of the promoter regions of candidate genes in tissues. RESULTS The lesions were globally hypoacetylated at H3 (but not H4) compared to eutopic endometrium from controls. Lesions had significantly lower levels of H3K9ac and H4K16ac compared to eutopic endometrium from patients and controls. Tissues from patients were hypermethylated at H3K4, H3K9, and H3K27 compared to endometrium from controls. The ChIP analysis showed hypoacetylation of H3/H4 within promoter regions of candidate genes known to be downregulated in endometriosis (e.g., HOXA10, ESR1, CDH1, and p21 (WAF1/Cip1) ) in lesions versus control endometrium. The stereoidogenic factor 1 (SF1) promoter region was enriched for acetylated H3 and H4 in lesions versus control tissues, correlating with its reported high expression in lesions. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the histone code of lesions and endometrium from patients with endometriosis and provides support for a possible role of histone modification in modulation of gene expression in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice B Monteiro
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Ponce School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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92
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Logan PC, Ponnampalam AP, Steiner M, Mitchell MD. Effect of cyclic AMP and estrogen/progesterone on the transcription of DNA methyltransferases during the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2013; 19:302-12. [PMID: 23233487 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Progesterone, estrogen and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) together regulate the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells in a time-dependent manner. The role of DNA methylation and the three active DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in the regulation of decidualization is gaining interest but the exact role of this epigenetic mechanism during decidualization is largely unknown. We aimed to understand the effect of the main regulators of decidualization on the expression of the DNMTs and in turn on the expression of steroid hormone receptors during the decidualization. We conducted a time-course analysis from 6 h to 10 days to examine the change in gene expression of the DNMTs and the steroid hormone receptors over time in response to estradiol, medroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA) and dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) in a human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) cell line. Only the combination treatment with MPA-mix (estradiol + MPA + db-cAMP) up-regulated ERα, PGR, progesterone receptor B (PRB) and androgen receptor at 24 h. Both decidualization pathways of db-cAMP and estradiol/MPA, independently and combined, consistently down-regulated DNMT3B mRNA expression from 6 h till 10 days, whereas DNMT1 and DNMT3A mRNA expression were down-regulated transiently. Forced expression of DNMT3B in HESC for 10 days attenuated IGFBP1 mRNA and protein expression; and forced expression of DNMT3B combined with MPA-mix treatment synergistically increased the expression of PRB at 24 h. The HESC morphology and proliferation remained unchanged in response to forced expression of DNMT3B. In conclusion, mRNA expression of the DNMTs during decidualization is dynamic, so that expression varies according to the cAMP or estradiol/MPA pathway treatments that regulate them in a time-dependent manner. Although forced expression of DNMT3B by itself is insufficient to inhibit decidualization, forced expression of DNMT3B in combination with MPA-mix synergistically up-regulated PRB, as well as attenuated the expression of IGFBP1, the decidualization marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C Logan
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
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93
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Association of maternal and fetal MTHFR A1298C polymorphism with the risk of pregnancy loss: a study of an Indian population and a meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2013; 99:1311-1318.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications to chromatin are essential for the specification and maintenance of cell fate, enabling the same genome to programme a variety of cellular outcomes. Epigenetic modulation of gene expression is also a critical mechanism by which cells stabilize their responses to environmental stimuli, including both nutritional cues and hormonal signalling. Unsurprisingly, epigenetics is proving to be vitally important in fetal development, and this review addresses our current understanding of the roles of epigenetic regulation in the prenatal phase. It is striking that while there has been a major interest in the intersection of fetal health with epigenetics, there has been relatively little discussion in the literature on epigenetic changes in the pregnant woman, and we attempt to redress this balance, drawing on the fragmented but intriguing experimental literature in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Best
- CellCentric, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Nessa Carey
- CellCentric, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford CB10 1XL, UK
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95
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Altmäe S, Martinez-Conejero JA, Esteban FJ, Ruiz-Alonso M, Stavreus-Evers A, Horcajadas JA, Salumets A. MicroRNAs miR-30b, miR-30d, and miR-494 regulate human endometrial receptivity. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:308-17. [PMID: 22902743 PMCID: PMC4077381 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112453507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act as important epigenetic posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. We aimed to gain more understanding of the complex gene expression regulation of endometrial receptivity by analyzing miRNA signatures of fertile human endometria. We set up to analyze miRNA signatures of receptive (LH + 7, n = 4) versus prereceptive (LH + 2, n = 5) endometrium from healthy fertile women. We found hsa-miR-30b and hsa-miR-30d to be significantly upregulated, and hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-923 to be downregulated in receptive endometrium. Three algorithms (miRanda, PicTar, and TargetScan) were used for target gene prediction. Functional analyses of the targets using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis and The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery indicated roles in transcription, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and significant involvement in several relevant pathways, such as axon guidance, Wnt/β-catenin, ERK/MAPK, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), p53 and leukocyte extravasation. Comparison of predicted miRNA target genes and our previous messenger RNA microarray data resulted in a list of 12 genes, including CAST, CFTR, FGFR2, and LIF that could serve as a panel of genes important for endometrial receptivity. In conclusion, we suggest that a subset of miRNAs and their target genes may play important roles in endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Altmäe
- Competence Centre on Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Tartu, Estonia.
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96
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Forman MR, Mangini LD, Thelus-Jean R, Hayward MD. Life-course origins of the ages at menarche and menopause. Adolesc Health Med Ther 2013; 4:1-21. [PMID: 24600293 PMCID: PMC3912848 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A woman's age at menarche (first menstrual period) and her age at menopause are the alpha and omega of her reproductive years. The timing of these milestones is critical for a woman's health trajectory over her lifespan, as they are indicators of ovarian function and aging. Both early and late timing of either event are associated with risk for adverse health and psychosocial outcomes. Thus, the search for a relationship between age at menarche and menopause has consequences for chronic disease prevention and implications for public health. This article is a review of evidence from the fields of developmental biology, epidemiology, nutrition, demography, sociology, and psychology that examine the menarche-menopause connection. Trends in ages at menarche and menopause worldwide and in subpopulations are presented; however, challenges exist in constructing trends. Among 36 studies that examine the association between the two sentinel events, ten reported a significant direct association, two an inverse association, and the remainder had null findings. Multiple factors, including hormonal and environmental exposures, socioeconomic status, and stress throughout the life course are hypothesized to influence the tempo of growth, including body size and height, development, menarche, menopause, and the aging process in women. The complexity of these factors and the pathways related to their effects on each sentinel event complicate evaluation of the relationship between menarche and menopause. Limitations of past investigations are discussed, including lack of comparability of socioeconomic status indicators and biomarker use across studies, while minority group differences have received scant attention. Suggestions for future directions are proposed. As research across endocrinology, epidemiology, and the social sciences becomes more integrated, the confluence of perspectives will yield a richer understanding of the influences on the tempo of a woman's reproductive life cycle as well as accelerate progress toward more sophisticated preventive strategies for chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele R Forman
- Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - Lauren D Mangini
- Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | | | - Mark D Hayward
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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97
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Granot I, Gnainsky Y, Dekel N. Endometrial inflammation and effect on implantation improvement and pregnancy outcome. Reproduction 2012; 144:661-8. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Implantation failure, which is presently the major barrier in human fertility, is attributed, in many cases, to the failure of the uterus to acquire receptivity. The transition into a receptive uterus includes cellular changes in the endometrium and the modulated expression of different cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors, and prostaglandins. These molecules partake in the generation of an inflammatory response followed by the recruitment of immune cells. These cells have shown to be involved in the maternal immune tolerance toward the implanted embryo as well as in the maternal–fetus interaction during pregnancy. Most of the accumulated evidence indicates that embryo implantation is associated with an active Th1 inflammatory response while a Th2-humoral inflammation is required for pregnancy maintenance. Yet, recent findings suggest that a Th1 inflammatory response is also necessary for the acquisition of uterine receptivity. This notion was originally suggested by reports from our and other clinical centers worldwide that IVF patients with repeated implantation failure subjected to endometrial biopsy exhibit a substantial improvement in their chances to conceive. These findings, followed by the demonstration of an elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression, as well as an increased abundance of immune cells, in the endometrium of these patients, raised the idea that acquisition of uterine receptivity is closely associated with an inflammatory response. This review summarizes the molecular and biochemical evidence that confirm this notion and proposes a mechanism by which injury-induced inflammation improves uterine receptivity and the subsequent pregnancy outcome.
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98
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Affiliation(s)
- Annu Makker
- Postgraduate Department of Pathology, CSM Medical University UP (Erstwhile King George Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Madhu Mati Goel
- Postgraduate Department of Pathology, CSM Medical University UP (Erstwhile King George Medical University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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99
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Sandra O, Mansouri-Attia N, Lea RG. Novel aspects of endometrial function: a biological sensor of embryo quality and driver of pregnancy success. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:68-79. [PMID: 22394719 DOI: 10.1071/rd11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful pregnancy depends on complex biological processes that are regulated temporally and spatially throughout gestation. The molecular basis of these processes have been examined in relation to gamete quality, early blastocyst development and placental function, and data have been generated showing perturbations of these developmental stages by environmental insults or embryo biotechnologies. The developmental period falling between the entry of the blastocyst into the uterine cavity to implantation has also been examined in terms of the biological function of the endometrium. Indeed several mechanisms underlying uterine receptivity, controlled by maternal factors, and the maternal recognition of pregnancy, requiring conceptus-produced signals, have been clarified. Nevertheless, recent data based on experimental perturbations have unveiled unexpected biological properties of the endometrium (sensor/driver) that make this tissue a dynamic and reactive entity. Persistent or transient modifications in organisation and functionality of the endometrium can dramatically affect pre-implantation embryo trajectory through epigenetic alterations with lasting consequences on later stages of pregnancy, including placentation, fetal development, pregnancy outcome and post-natal health. Developing diagnostic and prognostic tools based on endometrial factors may enable the assessment of maternal reproductive capacity and/or the developmental potential of the embryo, particularly when assisted reproductive technologies are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sandra
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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100
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Guo SW. The endometrial epigenome and its response to steroid hormones. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 358:185-96. [PMID: 22067514 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The human endometrium undergoes cyclic morphological and functional changes during the menstrual cycle. These changes are driven mainly by steroid hormones and orchestrated by a myriad of genes - many of which have been identified recently as being epigenetically regulated. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone acetylations, are shown recently to be involved in functional changes in endometrium and endometrial diseases. Since epigenetics itself is a rapidly evolving field, this review starts with an overview of epigenetics and its intrinsic connections with endometrial response to steroid hormones, highlighting its various levels of complexities. This is followed by a review of published and unpublished work on "writers", "erasers", and other players of endometrial epigenome. In the end, areas in need for future research in this area will be exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetric and Gynecologic Hospital, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Fudan University Shanghai College of Medicine, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China.
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