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Santoso MV, Bezner Kerr RN, Kassim N, Martin H, Mtinda E, Njau P, Mtei K, Hoddinott J, Young SL. A Nutrition-Sensitive Agroecology Intervention in Rural Tanzania Increases Children's Dietary Diversity and Household Food Security But Does Not Change Child Anthropometry: Results from a Cluster-Randomized Trial. J Nutr 2021; 151:2010-2021. [PMID: 33973009 PMCID: PMC8245885 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are urgent calls for the transformation of agriculture and food systems to address human and planetary health issues. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture and agroecology promise interconnected solutions to these challenges, but evidence of their impact has been limited. OBJECTIVES In a cluster-randomized trial (NCT02761876), we examined whether a nutrition-sensitive agroecology intervention in rural Tanzania could improve children's dietary diversity. Secondary outcomes were food insecurity and child anthropometry. We also posited that such an intervention would improve sustainable agricultural practices (e.g., agrobiodiversity, intercropping), women's empowerment (e.g., participation in decision making, time use), and women's well-being (e.g., dietary diversity, depression). METHODS Food-insecure smallholder farmers with children aged <1 y from 20 villages in Singida, Tanzania, were invited to participate. Villages were paired and publicly randomized; control villages received the intervention after 2 y. One man and 1 woman "mentor farmer" were elected from each intervention village to lead their peers in agroecological learning on topics including legume intensification, nutrition, and women's empowerment. Impact was estimated using longitudinal difference-in-differences fixed-effects regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 591 households (intervention: n = 296; control: n = 295) were enrolled; 90.0% were retained to study end. After 2 growing seasons, the intervention improved children's dietary diversity score by 0.57 food groups (out of 7; P < 0.01), and the percentage of children achieving minimum dietary diversity (≥4 food groups) increased by 9.9 percentage points during the postharvest season. The intervention significantly reduced household food insecurity but had no significant impact on child anthropometry. The intervention also improved a range of sustainable agriculture, women's empowerment, and women's well-being outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude of the intervention's impacts was similar to or larger than that of other nutrition-sensitive interventions that provided more substantial inputs but were not agroecologically focused. These data suggest the untapped potential for nutrition-sensitive agroecological approaches to achieve human health while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne V Santoso
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Neema Kassim
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Haikael Martin
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | | | - Peter Njau
- Singida Rural District Council, Singida, Tanzania
| | - Kelvin Mtei
- Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - John Hoddinott
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sera L Young
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Roesler A, Smithers LG, Wangpakapattanawong P, Moore V. A Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Initiative in Ethnic Communities of Northern Thailand: Local Perspectives and Future Prospects. Food Nutr Bull 2021; 42:520-529. [PMID: 34189996 DOI: 10.1177/03795721211025129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) interventions can contribute to improved food security and household dietary diversity. As well as undertaking trials, contextual factors that influence sustainability need to be scoped. OBJECTIVE To explore locals' views of an NSA initiative, designed to improve food security and reduce malnutrition in children younger than 5 years, scoping future prospects 6 months after the conclusion of the trial. METHODS The initiative that was formally trialed over 6 months (November 2014 to April 2015) entailed keeping hens and home gardens. It occurred in the ethnic hill tribes of northern Thailand. In November 2015, 20 in-depth interviews were undertaken with villagers who had been involved in the initiative. Dialogue occurred in Thai with assistance of a translator and was recorded, transcribed, and translated to English. A detailed thematic analysis was undertaken. RESULTS Eggs produced by the hens were appreciated and fed to children, and the message of providing children with an egg a day was widely remembered. Subsequently, the hens ceased laying or died. The home gardens had seasonal scarcity of water. Less visible, but fundamental, women lacked time for these activities due to heavy burdens of farm labor. CONCLUSION Keeping hens has potential to become a sustainable activity. Home gardens need water infrastructure to be viable. Women do not necessarily have spare capacity for such initiatives. The required labor needs deliberation by villagers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prasit Wangpakapattanawong
- The Knowledge Support Center for the Greater Mekong Sub-region (KSC-GMS), Chiang Mai, Thailand.,World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Abstract
AbstractThis study investigates how two aspects of agricultural production diversity – farm production diversity and composition of production – relate to child height-for-age and weight-for-height in Ethiopia. We use longitudinal data on child anthropometric measurements, household farm production diversity and farm production composition from the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey for 2011, 2013, and 2015 available through the World Bank. Using longitudinal fixed effects models, we show that an increase in farm production diversity reduces the risk of chronic food insecurity (child height-for-age) but has no impact on acute measures of food insecurity (child weight-for-height). Results also suggest that, in a context of poor rainfall, more diversity in farm production can adversely impact child height-for-age, although livestock sales might mitigate that detrimental effect. These findings highlight the importance of considering the relationship between farm-level food production and child nutrition in a context of climate change.
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Gallegos-Riofrío CA, Waters WF, Carrasco A, Riofrío LA, Pintag M, Caranqui M, Caranqui J, BlackDeer AA, Iannotti LL. Caliata: An Indigenous Community in Ecuador Offers Lessons on Food Sovereignty and Sustainable Diets. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:61-73. [PMID: 34222768 PMCID: PMC8242225 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve a healthy sustainable food system globally, it is imperative to understand how local food systems can provide healthy and sustainable conditions. OBJECTIVE To explore, through the indigenous community of Caliata in the Ecuadorian highlands, the factors that support or hinder sustainable Andean food systems. METHODS We designed a participatory mixed-methods study in Caliata (Chimborazo, Ecuador) and an inclusive and transdisciplinary research process with constant member checking. The study combined culturally validated qualitative methods (n = 49), agroecology-based site analysis, and household surveys (n = 57), including a modified 48-h recall. We used the NOVA food classification system to categorize the diet according to levels of processing and analyzed categorical and numeric data to understand the interplay of parcel size, agrodiversity, and diet diversity. RESULTS First, the agroecological space is defined by the stewardship of Pachamama (Mother Nature), a central role in Andean cosmovision, leading to trophic interactions and cycles characterized by a diversity of heterarchical social organizations and agroecologically useful species. Second, consistency was found in dietary patterns; all respondents consume their produce, fruits being the most popular snack (in a 24-h period, 70% reported an average of 2.2 servings), and two-thirds of households' consumption represent unprocessed or minimally processed foods. Third, gendered agriculture and population aging represent demographic challenges, while chronic health problems remain relatively infrequent compared with the general population. Fourth, food sovereignty is an ecocentric concept based on production, exchanges of seeds and produce, consumption of produce, and knowledge of how agroecological space is treated. This system represents a nutrient loop tied to a system of knowledge about how to care for soil, land, and the ecological community. CONCLUSIONS Caliata provides important perspectives on linkages between diet, biodiversity, use of agroecological space, and rural-urban dynamics. This small indigenous community offers lessons for achieving both healthy ecosystems and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andres Gallegos-Riofrío
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute for Research in Health and Nutrition, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Caliata Initiative, Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador
| | - William F Waters
- Institute for Research in Health and Nutrition, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Amaya Carrasco
- Caliata Initiative, Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador
- Rubenstein School, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis A Riofrío
- Institute for Research in Health and Nutrition, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Mabel Pintag
- Caliata Initiative, Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Lora L Iannotti
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Bezner Kerr R, Madsen S, Stüber M, Liebert J, Enloe S, Borghino N, Parros P, Mutyambai DM, Prudhon M, Wezel A. Can agroecology improve food security and nutrition? A review. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Vogliano C, Murray L, Coad J, Wham C, Maelaua J, Kafa R, Burlingame B. Progress towards SDG 2: Zero hunger in melanesia – A state of data scoping review. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Habtemariam LT, Gornott C, Hoffmann H, Sieber S. Farm Production Diversity and Household Dietary Diversity: Panel Data Evidence From Rural Households in Tanzania. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.612341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on whether diversifying farm production leads to improved household dietary diversity and nutrition remains inconclusive. Existing studies analyzing the link between production diversity and dietary diversity are mainly based on cross-sectional methods, which could be biased by omitted confounding factors. Using two waves of a panel household survey of 900 rural households in Tanzania, this paper examines the link between production diversity and dietary diversity, while minimizing potential confounding effects. We estimate four regression models with two different production diversity measures and two panel estimation methods—fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE). In three out of the four models, production diversity is significantly and positively associated with the dietary diversity measure of the food consumption score. The production diversity indicator is represented by the total crop and livestock species count, as well as by counting only crop species. The total crop and livestock species count shows a significant positive association with dietary diversity across estimation methods while the positive association with crop species count is not significant in the FE method. Our results suggest that the selection of appropriate production diversity indicators tailored to the specific circumstances of the local agricultural system is likely one key factor in identifying a robust relationship between production diversity and dietary diversity.
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Bernhardt JR, O'Connor MI. Aquatic biodiversity enhances multiple nutritional benefits to humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e1917487118. [PMID: 33876740 PMCID: PMC8053940 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917487118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Humanity depends on biodiversity for health, well-being, and a stable environment. As biodiversity change accelerates, we are still discovering the full range of consequences for human health and well-being. Here, we test the hypothesis-derived from biodiversity-ecosystem functioning theory-that species richness and ecological functional diversity allow seafood diets to fulfill multiple nutritional requirements, a condition necessary for human health. We analyzed a newly synthesized dataset of 7,245 observations of nutrient and contaminant concentrations in 801 aquatic animal taxa and found that species with different ecological traits have distinct and complementary micronutrient profiles but little difference in protein content. The same complementarity mechanisms that generate positive biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems also operate in seafood assemblages, allowing more diverse diets to yield increased nutritional benefits independent of total biomass consumed. Notably, nutritional metrics that capture multiple micronutrients and fatty acids essential for human well-being depend more strongly on biodiversity than common ecological measures of function such as productivity, typically reported for grasslands and forests. Furthermore, we found that increasing species richness did not increase the amount of protein in seafood diets and also increased concentrations of toxic metal contaminants in the diet. Seafood-derived micronutrients and fatty acids are important for human health and are a pillar of global food and nutrition security. By drawing upon biodiversity-ecosystem functioning theory, we demonstrate that ecological concepts of biodiversity can deepen our understanding of nature's benefits to people and unite sustainability goals for biodiversity and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey R Bernhardt
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Inland fisheries critical for the diet quality of young children in sub-Saharan Africa. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mehraban N, Ickowitz A. Dietary diversity of rural Indonesian households declines over time with agricultural production diversity even as incomes rise. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Matita M, Chirwa EW, Johnston D, Mazalale J, Smith R, Walls H. Does household participation in food markets increase dietary diversity? Evidence from rural Malawi. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Agricultural insurance through the lens of rural household dietary diversity. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The interplay between food market access and farm household dietary diversity in low and middle income countries: A systematic review of literature. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gatto M, de Haan S, Laborte A, Bonierbale M, Labarta R, Hareau G. Trends in Varietal Diversity of Main Staple Crops in Asia and Africa and Implications for Sustainable Food Systems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.626714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crop species and varietal diversity on farm have the potential to trigger multiple regulating and provisioning ecosystem services. The latter is commonly assessed through targeted studies covering a select number of geographies and crop species, precluding comparisons across crops and at scale. This study draws on a large dataset on the varietal release dynamics for 11 major food crops in 44 countries of Asia and Africa to assess trends in diversity across crops and regions with a 50-year perspective. Our results show an increasing reduction of crop varietal diversity linked to the spatial displacement of traditional landraces. This trend occurs at a faster rate in Asia than in Africa. So-called mega varieties tend to increasingly dominate agricultural landscapes, adding to spatial homogeneity. We further found a negative association between varietal richness and its relative abundance, challenging the relationship between crop improvement and varietal diversity. Our results show that among cereal, pulse, and root and tuber crops, varietal diversity is lowest for cereals in Asia and highest for root and tubers in Africa. The analysis contributes new information useful to prioritize crops for which increasing varietal diversity may lead to more sustainable food systems.
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Linkages between dietary diversity and indicators of agricultural biodiversity in Burkina Faso. Food Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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A nonparametric analysis of household-level food insecurity and its determinant factors: exploratory study in Ethiopia and Nigeria. Food Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Deaconu A, Mercille G, Batal M. Promoting traditional foods for human and environmental health: lessons from agroecology and Indigenous communities in Ecuador. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:1. [PMID: 33413686 PMCID: PMC7792355 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The displacement of traditional dietary practices is associated with negative nutritional consequences for rural Indigenous people, who already face the brunt of both nutritional inadequacies and excesses. Traditional food (TF) consumption and production practices can improve nutritional security by mitigating disruptive dietary transitions, providing nutrients and improving agricultural resilience. Meanwhile, traditional agricultural practices regenerate biodiversity to support healthy ecosystems. In Ecuador, Indigenous people have inserted TF agricultural and dietary practices as central elements of the country's agroecological farming movement. This study assesses factors that may promote TF practices in rural populations and explores the role of agroecology in strengthening such factors. METHODS Mixed methods include a cross-sectional comparative survey of dietary, food acquisition, production and socioeconomic characteristics of agroecological farmers (n = 61) and neighboring reference farmers (n = 30) in Ecuador's Imbabura province. Instruments include 24-h dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire of indicator traditional foods. We triangulate results using eight focus group discussions with farmers' associations. RESULTS Compared to their neighbors, agroecological farmers produce and consume more TFs, and particularly underutilized TFs. Farm production diversity, reliance on non-market foods and agroecology participation act on a pathway in which TF production diversity predicts higher TF consumption diversity and ultimately TF consumption frequency. Age, income, market distance and education are not consistently associated with TF practices. Focus group discussions corroborate survey results and also identify affective (e.g. emotional) and commercial relationships in agroecological spaces as likely drivers of stronger TF practices. CONCLUSIONS Traditional food practices in the Ecuadorian highlands are not relics of old, poor and isolated populations but rather an established part of life for diverse rural people. However, many TFs are underutilized. Sustainable agriculture initiatives may improve TF practices by integrating TFs into production diversity increases and into consumption of own production. Agroecology may be particularly effective because it is a self-expanding global movement that not only promotes the agricultural practices that are associated with TF production, but also appears to intensify affective sentiments toward TFs and inserts TFs in commercial spaces. Understanding how to promote TFs is necessary in order to scale up their potential to strengthen nutritional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Deaconu
- Transnut WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Development at Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition Department, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, H3N, 1X9, Canada.
| | - Geneviève Mercille
- Transnut WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Development at Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition Department, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, H3N, 1X9, Canada
| | - Malek Batal
- Transnut WHO Collaborating Centre on Nutrition Changes and Development at Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition Department, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), 7101, avenue du Parc, Montréal, Québec, H3N, 1X9, Canada
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Ghosh‐Jerath S, Kapoor R, Singh A, Nilima, Downs S, Goldberg G, Fanzo J. Agroforestry diversity, indigenous food consumption and nutritional outcomes in Sauria Paharia tribal women of Jharkhand, India. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2021; 17:e13052. [PMID: 32720415 PMCID: PMC7729651 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Like several indigenous populations, Sauria Paharias, a vulnerable indigenous tribal group residing in a biodiverse environment of Jharkhand, India, have high levels of undernutrition. We assessed agroforestry and dietary diversity, food consumption especially indigenous food (IF) intake and nutritional status of Sauria Paharia women through a cross-sectional study conducted in 18 villages of Godda district, Jharkhand. Household level information was elicited through household surveys including a dietary survey and a food frequency questionnaire. Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls (24 HDR) and anthropometric assessments were taken on one randomly selected woman per household. An index, Food Accessed Diversity Index (FADI) created to measure agroforestry diversity, showed a low mean score of 0.21 ± 0.15 and range: 0, 0.85. Fifty-nine percent of women consumed any IF during 24 HDR. Median minimum dietary diversity score for women (MDD-W) was 3 (acceptable score ≥5). More than 96% of women had intakes below estimated average requirements for all nutrients studied (energy; vitamins A, C, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine; folate; iron; calcium and zinc) except protein; 41% women were underweight. IF consumption was independently associated with calcium and vitamin A intake. Decision trees developed for micronutrient consumption at different levels of MDD-W score and IF consumption scenarios revealed 1.3 to 2.9 times higher consumption of micronutrients among women with MDD-W ≥ 3 or 4. Strategies like agricultural extension programmes promoting indigenous varieties and nutrition education for increasing dietary diversity with IFs have potential to address undernutrition in Sauria Paharia women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ghosh‐Jerath
- Indian Institute of Public Health‐DelhiPublic Health Foundation of IndiaGurgaonIndia
| | - Ridhima Kapoor
- Indian Institute of Public Health‐DelhiPublic Health Foundation of IndiaGurgaonIndia
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of BiochemistryAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Nilima
- Department of BiostatisticsAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Shauna Downs
- Department of Urban‐Global Public HealthRutgers School of Public HealthNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Gail Goldberg
- Nutrition and Bone Health Research Group, MRC Human Nutrition ResearchElsie Widdowson LaboratoryCambridgeUK
| | - Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Singh S, Jones AD, DeFries RS, Jain M. The association between crop and income diversity and farmer intra-household dietary diversity in India. Food Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper investigates the associations between crop and income diversity and dietary diversity among men, women, adolescents, and children of farmer households in India. We examine crop, income, and dietary data collected from 1106 farmer households across Gujarat and Haryana, two states that represent different livelihood transition pathways in India. Regression results suggest that crop diversity had a positive association with dietary diversity among adults (both men and women) in both states, and among adolescents and children in Haryana. Higher family education and annual income were the two most important factors associated with higher dietary diversity score (DDS) in Gujarat whereas, higher family education, greater crop diversity, and increased distance traveled to markets were the most important factors associated with higher individual DDS in Haryana. Specifically, for children, crop diversity emerged as one of the most important factors associated with dietary diversity in both states. Interestingly, we find that even in these two relatively prosperous states, the pathways to dietary diversity vary across sites and within households, suggesting that policies to improve dietary diversity should be tailored to a given location and context.
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Madzorera I, Blakstad MM, Bellows AL, Canavan CR, Mosha D, Bromage S, Noor RA, Webb P, Ghosh S, Kinabo J, Masanja H, Fawzi WW. Food Crop Diversity, Women's Income-Earning Activities, and Distance to Markets in Relation to Maternal Dietary Quality in Tanzania. J Nutr 2020; 151:186-196. [PMID: 33244605 PMCID: PMC7779231 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's dietary diversity and quality are limited in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Nutrition-sensitive interventions that promote food crop diversity and women's access to income could improve diets and address the double burden of malnutrition in LMICs. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations among food crop diversity and women's income-earning activities with women's diet quality, as well as effect modification by access to markets, in the context of small-holder food production in rural Tanzania. METHODS Data from a cross-sectional study of 880 women from Rufiji, Tanzania, were analyzed. Women's dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The prime diet quality score (PDQS; 21 food groups; range, 0-42), a unique diet-quality metric for women that captures the healthy and unhealthy aspects of diet, was computed. Generalized estimating equation linear models were used to evaluate the associations of food crop diversity and women's income-earning activities with PDQS, while controlling for socio-economic factors. RESULTS Maternal overweight (24.3%) and obesity (13.1%) were high. The median PDQS was 19 (IQR, 17-21). Households produced 2.0 food crops (SD ± 1.0) yearly. Food crop diversity was positively associated with PDQS (P < 0.001), but the association was strengthened by proximity to markets (P for interaction = 0.02). For women living close (<1.1 km) to markets, producing 1 additional food crop was associated with a 0.67 (95% CI, 0.22-1.12) increase in PDQS, versus a 0.40 (95% CI, 0.24-0.57) increase for women living farther away. The PDQS increased with women's salaried employment (estimate, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.26-1.67). CONCLUSIONS Household food production may interact with access to markets for sales and purchases, while nonfarm income also improves women's diet quality in rural Tanzania. Programs to improve women's diet quality should consider improving market access and women's access to income (source of empowerment), in addition to diversifying production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia M Blakstad
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra L Bellows
- Department of International Health (Human Nutrition), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chelsey R Canavan
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sabri Bromage
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramadhani A Noor
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shibani Ghosh
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Kinabo
- Department of Food Science Technology, Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Kansanga MM, Kangmennaang J, Bezner Kerr R, Lupafya E, Dakishoni L, Luginaah I. Agroecology and household production diversity and dietary diversity: Evidence from a five-year agroecological intervention in rural Malawi. Soc Sci Med 2020; 288:113550. [PMID: 33277067 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Following a decade of declining food insecurity, the global undernourished population has increased successively in the last three years. This increasing trend highlights the challenge of meeting the zero hunger and nutrition targets of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2. Malawi is one of the most food insecure countries in Africa, with a significant proportion of its population being undernourished. Amid evidence of the counter-productive effects of input-intensive agriculture in this context, including the narrowing of the food basket and unequal access to subsidized inputs, some scholars have argued that alternative diversified agricultural approaches, combined with attention to underlying inequalities, maybe more promising in addressing undernutrition. Agroecology is one such approach which promotes biodiversity and pays attention to socio-political inequalities. That notwithstanding, there is limited research on the potential role of agroecology in improving household food outcomes. Drawing theoretical insights from political ecology and using Difference-in-Difference and mediation techniques, we examine the impact of agroecology on household production diversity and dietary diversity using data from a five-year agroecological intervention in Malawi (n = 514 agroecology-practicing farming households and 400 non-agroecology households). Findings from the Difference-in-Difference analysis show a positive treatment effect of agroecology on both production diversity (β = 0.289, p < 0.01) and dietary diversity (β = 0.390, p < 0.01). Results from the mediation analysis indicate that generally, production diversity is directly associated with dietary diversity (β = 0.18, p < 0.01), although the relationship is stronger for households practicing agroecology (β = 0.19, p < 0.01) compared to non-agroecology households (β = 0.14, p < 0.01). These findings provide evidence of the potential for agroecology to improve nutrition in smallholder farming contexts and contribute to achieving SDGs 2. Malawi is currently grappling with widespread micronutrient deficiencies. Given that smallholder farmers typically draw a significant proportion of their diet from what they produce, farming approaches like agroecology, which emphasizes the cultivation of diverse crops, may be promising for improving household nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Kangmennaang
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, NC 28223, USA
| | - Rachel Bezner Kerr
- Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, NY 14853, USA
| | - Esther Lupafya
- Soils, Food and Healthy Communities Organization, Post Office Box 36, Ekwendeni, Malawi
| | - Laifolo Dakishoni
- Soils, Food and Healthy Communities Organization, Post Office Box 36, Ekwendeni, Malawi
| | - Isaac Luginaah
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5C2, Canada.
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73
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Stratton AE, Kuhl L, Blesh J. Ecological and Nutritional Functions of Agroecosystems as Indicators of Smallholder Resilience. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.543914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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74
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Wild Edible Plant Nutritional Contribution and Consumer Perception in Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2020; 2020:2958623. [PMID: 32953878 PMCID: PMC7487116 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2958623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The scarcity, high cost, and unreliable supply of healthy food in developing countries have resulted in the search for cheap and alternative sources of healthy and nutritious food. Wild edible plants (WEPs) are one of the alternative sources of healthy and nutritious food, and they are crucially important in supporting the global food basket in all parts of the world in general and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. These wild edible plants have played a significant role in supplying food and nutritional requirements and increasing the health status of poor communities in many rural parts of the world. In Ethiopia, rural communities use wild edible plants as a means of survival especially during times of drought and famine and during other forms calamities and crises. Wild edible plants have high nutritional content, including proteins, vitamin B2, and vitamin C, which can be used as alternatives to conventional plant-based human diets. The available literature has revealed that some wild edible plants also have medicinal properties. Even though wild edible plants are important for food security, they are usually overlooked and perceived as food for poor families. This review indicates that fruits are the most commonly used WEPs, both for consumption and medicinal value, and most plant parts are eaten directly in raw forms. This review focuses on the commercial exploitation of wild edible plants as a source of dietary supplements and alternative medicines and as a means to generate income; it also focuses on consumer perception toward wild edible plants in Ethiopia. Despite easy accessibility and availability, the consumption of wild edible plants is challenged by numerous factors. This review suggests that nutrition policies have to promote the utilization of wild edible plants as one pillar of food and nutrition security. Bioactive compound contents and antinutritional factor contents of wild and medicinal plants need further investigation.
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75
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Intra-household decision-making, production diversity, and dietary quality: a panel data analysis of Ethiopian rural households. Food Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractConsidering that rural poor are mostly subsistence farmers, it seems plausible that production diversity could lead to better nutrition for these farmers. The association between production and dietary diversity is complex, and this complexity demands rigorous empirical analyses and more attention to gendered aspects of intra-household decision-making. We employ panel data analyses of 363 Ethiopian smallholders surveyed in 2014 and 2016 to test for this phenomenon, and to explore the association of women’s participation in decision-making with both production and consumption diversity. Results show that, diversification can be a strategy to improve the diets, but only of rural poor who have limited non-farm income, who are distant to the markets and mostly subsistence oriented. Moreover, female participation in decision-making associates with higher diversity both in terms of production and consumption, but it does not modify the magnitude of the association between production and dietary diversity. Our analyses contribute to the enriching literature on the linkage between production diversification and dietary diversity. We study this complex relationship in-depth and show that the gendered aspect of intra-household decision-making is an important covariate for both production diversity and dietary quality.
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76
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Melby CL, Orozco F, Averett J, Muñoz F, Romero MJ, Barahona A. Agricultural Food Production Diversity and Dietary Diversity among Female Small Holder Farmers in a Region of the Ecuadorian Andes Experiencing Nutrition Transition. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082454. [PMID: 32824150 PMCID: PMC7468725 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some rural areas of Ecuador, including the Imbabura Province of the Andes Highlands, are experiencing a double burden of malnutrition where micronutrient deficiencies persist at the same time obesity is increasing as many traditional home-grown foods are being replaced with more commercially prepared convenience foods. Thus, the relationships among agricultural food production diversity (FPD), dietary diversity (DD), and household food insecurity (HFI) of the rural small holder farmers need further study. Therefore, we examined these associations in small holder farmers residing in this Province in the Andes Highlands (elevation > 2500 m). Non-pregnant maternal home managers (n = 558, x age = 44.1, SD = 16.5 y) were interviewed regarding the number of different agricultural food crops cultivated and domestic animals raised in their family farm plots. DD was determined using the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women Score (MDD-W) based on the number of 10 different food groups consumed, and household food insecurity (HFI) was determined using the 8-item Household Food Insecurity Experience Scale. The women reported consuming an average of 53% of their total food from what they cultivated or raised. Women with higher DD [MMD-W score ≥ 5 food groups (79% of total sample)] were on farms that cultivated a greater variety of crops (x = 8.7 vs. 6.7), raised more animals (x = 17.9 vs. 12.7, p < 0.05), and reported lower HFI and significantly higher intakes of energy, protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin A (all p < 0.05). Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that FPD was only modestly related to DD, which together with years of education, per capita family income, and HFI accounted for 26% of DD variance. In rural areas of the Imbabura Province, small holder farmers still rely heavily on consumption of self-cultivated foods, but greater diversity of crops grown in family farm plots is only weakly associated with greater DD and lower HFI among the female caretakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Melby
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Colorado School of Public Health, MPH Program at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-970-491-6736
| | - Fadya Orozco
- School of Public Health, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador;
| | - Jenni Averett
- Colorado School of Public Health, MPH Program at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | | | - Maria José Romero
- Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador;
| | - Amparito Barahona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, Ecuador;
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77
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Gergel SE, Powell B, Baudron F, Wood SLR, Rhemtulla JM, Kennedy G, Rasmussen LV, Ickowitz A, Fagan ME, Smithwick EAH, Ranieri J, Wood SA, Groot JCJ, Sunderland TCH. Conceptual Links between Landscape Diversity and Diet Diversity: A Roadmap for Transdisciplinary Research. Bioscience 2020; 70:563-575. [PMID: 32665737 PMCID: PMC7340543 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition linked to poor quality diets affects at least 2 billion people. Forests, as well as agricultural systems linked to trees, are key sources of dietary diversity in rural settings. In the present article, we develop conceptual links between diet diversity and forested landscape mosaics within the rural tropics. First, we summarize the state of knowledge regarding diets obtained from forests, trees, and agroforests. We then hypothesize how disturbed secondary forests, edge habitats, forest access, and landscape diversity can function in bolstering dietary diversity. Taken together, these ideas help us build a framework illuminating four pathways (direct, agroecological, energy, and market pathways) connecting forested landscapes to diet diversity. Finally, we offer recommendations to fill remaining knowledge gaps related to diet and forest cover monitoring. We argue that better evaluation of the role of land cover complexity will help avoid overly simplistic views of food security and, instead, uncover nutritional synergies with forest conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gergel
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Bronwen Powell
- Department of Geography and BP is also affiliated with the Departments of African Studies and Anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - FrÉdÉric Baudron
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center CIMMYT-Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Jeanine M Rhemtulla
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Laura V Rasmussen
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amy Ickowitz
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Matthew E Fagan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland—Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erica A H Smithwick
- Department of Geography and BP is also affiliated with the Departments of African Studies and Anthropology at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Stephen A Wood
- Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, and with the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeroen C J Groot
- Department of Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Terry C H Sunderland
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
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78
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Mateos-Maces L, Chávez-Servia JL, Vera-Guzmán AM, Aquino-Bolaños EN, Alba-Jiménez JE, Villagómez-González BB. Edible Leafy Plants from Mexico as Sources of Antioxidant Compounds, and Their Nutritional, Nutraceutical and Antimicrobial Potential: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E541. [PMID: 32575671 PMCID: PMC7346153 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of indigenous Mexican plants with edible stems and leaves and their nutritional and nutraceutical potential was conducted, complemented by the authors' experiences. In Mexico, more than 250 species with edible stems, leaves, vines and flowers, known as "quelites," are collected or are cultivated and consumed. The assessment of the quelite composition depends on the chemical characteristics of the compounds being evaluated; the protein quality is a direct function of the amino acid content, which is evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the contribution of minerals is evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or ICP mass spectrometry. The total contents of phenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, saponins and other general compounds have been analyzed using UV-vis spectrophotometry and by HPLC. For the determination of specific compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, organic acids and other profiles, it is recommended to use HPLC-DAD, UHPLC-DAD, UFLC-PDA or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The current biochemical analysis and biological evaluations were performed to understand the mechanisms of action that lead to decreased glucose levels and lipid peroxidation, increased hypoglycemic and antitumor activity, immune system improvement, increased antibacterial and antifungal activity and, in some cases, anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mateos-Maces
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad-Genética, Colegio de Posgraduados, Carr. México-Texcoco Km. 36.5, Montecillo, Texcoco 56230, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Chávez-Servia
- CIIDIR-Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (A.M.V.-G.); (B.B.V.-G.)
| | | | - Elia Nora Aquino-Bolaños
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico;
| | - Jimena E. Alba-Jiménez
- CONACyT-Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Alimentos, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa-Enríquez 1090, Mexico;
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79
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Ray A, Ray R, Sreevidya EA. How Many Wild Edible Plants Do We Eat—Their Diversity, Use, and Implications for Sustainable Food System: An Exploratory Analysis in India. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild edible plants are still eaten by a large section of the global population and ensure both affordable food and nutritional security. We tested this in an Indian context, where an enormous diversity of such plants constitutes a significant part of the rural diet and their acceptance has been high. In this study, we assessed the diversity of wild edible plant resource and the importance of species based on the use and its pattern. We have also shortlisted a set of plants to make an informed decision on prioritization. We found a great variety of plants (1,403 species) from 184 families were consumed across India, although the first 44 families (24%) contributed largely to the (75%) diversity. Leguminosae followed by Compositae, Poaceae, Malvaceae, and Rosaceae, were the families with the highest number of species. We note that a few species from the large pool were extensively used throughout the country while another few were valued for their multiple edible plant parts. Leafy shoots (722 species) followed by fruits (652 species) were the two most-eaten plant parts. Our results strengthen the fact that: (a) wild edibles have been an integral part of the diet; (b) their widespread assimilation into local food culture suggests an untapped potential to ensure easy availability and access to micronutrients for sustainable food systems, and thus in social welfare; and (c) they should be incorporated into the national food policy for formal cultivation and promotion.
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80
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Rasmussen LV, Fagan ME, Ickowitz A, Wood SL, Kennedy G, Powell B, Baudron F, Gergel S, Jung S, Smithwick EA, Sunderland T, Wood S, Rhemtulla JM. Forest pattern, not just amount, influences dietary quality in five African countries. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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81
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Rasmussen LV, Wood SLR, Rhemtulla JM. Deconstructing Diets: The Role of Wealth, Farming System, and Landscape Context in Shaping Rural Diets in Ethiopia. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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82
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Singh S, Jones AD, Jain M. Regional differences in agricultural and socioeconomic factors associated with farmer household dietary diversity in India. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231107. [PMID: 32298281 PMCID: PMC7161949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated whether there are any regional-level differences in factors associated with farmer household dietary diversity using the Food Consumption Score (FCS), in two states of India: Haryana and Gujarat. Our results suggest that the factors associated with farmer household dietary diversity were region-specific, with diverse drivers across districts. For example, in Vadodara (Gujarat), farmers who had greater crop diversity and planted more cash crops had higher dietary diversity while large landholders in Bhavnagar (Gujarat) had higher dietary diversity. In Karnal (Haryana), more educated farmer households and those who cultivated large landholdings had higher dietary diversity while farmers in Bhiwani (Haryana) who were more educated and sold more crops to market had higher dietary diversity. Thus, factors associated with FCS differed even within the same state. These results suggest that in some regions of India, higher crop diversity and better education could improve farmer household dietary diversity. On the other hand, in some other regions, dietary diversity is best improved through the income generation pathway, where households that earn increased income from selling more crops were able to purchase more diverse food from markets. Our study suggests that the drivers of household dietary diversity across rural India are complex and heterogeneous; thus, future policies and programs to improve farmer household nutrition should be tailored considering regional differences in the factors associated with household nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder Singh
- Center for Chronic Disease Control, Public Health Foundation of India, Gurgaon, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrew D. Jones
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Meha Jain
- School for Environmental and Sustainability (SEAS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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83
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Changes in food access by mestizo communities associated with deforestation and agrobiodiversity loss in Ucayali, Peruvian Amazon. Food Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFew longitudinal studies link agricultural biodiversity, land use and food access in rural landscapes. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that, in a context of economic change, cash crop expansion is associated with deforestation, reduced agrobiodiversity and changes in food access. For this purpose, we analysed data collected from the same 53 upland and floodplain mestizo households in Ucayali, Peru, in 2000 and 2015. We found an emerging transition towards less diversified food access coupled with loss of forest cover and reduced agricultural biodiversity. In 2015, diets appeared to rely on fewer food groups, fewer food items, and on products increasingly purchased in the market compared to 2000. Wild fruits and plants were mentioned, but rarely consumed. Agricultural production systems became more specialised with a shift towards commercial crops. Peak deforestation years in the 15-year period appeared linked with incentives for agricultural expansion. Our results suggest an overall trend from diversified productive and “extractive” systems and more diverse food access, towards specialized productive systems, with less diverse food access and stronger market orientation (both in production and consumption). The assumption in the food and agricultural sciences that increased income and market-orientation is linked to improved food security, is challenged by our integrated analyses of food access, agrobiodiversity, land use and forest cover. Our results highlight the importance of longitudinal, multidimensional, systemic analyses, with major implications for land use, food and health policies. The potential risks of parallel homogenisation of diets and agricultural production systems require interdisciplinary research and policies that promote integrated landscape approaches for sustainable and inclusive food systems.
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84
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Friant S, Ayambem WA, Alobi AO, Ifebueme NM, Otukpa OM, Ogar DA, Alawa CBI, Goldberg TL, Jacka JK, Rothman JM. Life on the Rainforest Edge: Food Security in the Agricultural-Forest Frontier of Cross River State, Nigeria. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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85
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Bellows AL, Canavan CR, Blakstad MM, Mosha D, Noor RA, Webb P, Kinabo J, Masanja H, Fawzi WW. The Relationship Between Dietary Diversity Among Women of Reproductive Age and Agricultural Diversity in Rural Tanzania. Food Nutr Bull 2019; 41:50-60. [PMID: 31840547 DOI: 10.1177/0379572119892405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture can influence diets through consumption of home-produced foods or increased purchasing power derived from sale of agricultural commodities. OBJECTIVE This article explores cross-sectional relationships between agricultural diversification and dietary diversity (a proxy for micronutrient adequacy) among women of reproductive age in rural Tanzania. METHODS Dietary diversity was measured using the women's minimum dietary diversity score indicator. Data were analyzed from the baseline survey of a cluster randomized control trial in Rufiji, Tanzania. One woman of reproductive age was randomly surveyed from each eligible household, totaling 1006 individuals. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the relationship between agricultural indicators and dietary diversity. RESULTS Median dietary diversity score for women was 3.00 (interquartile range: 2-3). Approximately 73% of households grew at least 1 crop in the previous year. Women's dietary diversity score was positively associated with cropping diversity (P for trend = .04), ownership of livestock (adjusted coefficient: 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-0.44; P = .005), cash crop production (adjusted coefficient: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.03-0.41; P = .02), and production of pulses (adjusted coefficient: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27-0.74; P < .0001) and other vegetables (adjusted coefficient: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.11-1.17; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Average dietary diversity is well below the recommended 5 food groups per day, a widely used indicator of micronutrient adequacy. Since the majority of households participate in agriculture, the efforts to promote agricultural diversification and/or specialization and sale of agricultural goods may positively influence dietary diversity and associated health and nutrition outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Bellows
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chelsey R Canavan
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mia M Blakstad
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ramadhani A Noor
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Kinabo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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86
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to review the evidence on global dietary intake and trends in dietary patterns over time and to examine associations between diets and health, environment, and equity. RECENT FINDINGS Diets now serve as a significant risk factor for the global burden of disease and death. Diet-related non-communicable disease and rising obesity are increasingly prevalent, affecting much of the global population. At the same time, the food system is producing food in ways that are not aligned with planetary health. Inequity restricts access to healthy diets and is associated with broad social determinants. Current dietary patterns are increasingly unhealthy, unsustainable, and inequitable for many populations. Multi-pronged interventions are needed to address the impacts of diets in order to improve human and planetary well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fanzo
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Claire Davis
- Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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87
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Baudron F, Tomscha SA, Powell B, Groot JCJ, Gergel SE, Sunderland T. Testing the Various Pathways Linking Forest Cover to Dietary Diversity in Tropical Landscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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88
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Seasonality and Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture in Kenya: Evidence from Mixed-Methods Research in Rural Lake Naivasha Basin. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11226223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of seasonality within the debate on nutrition-sensitive agriculture focusing on rural Lake Naivasha Basin in Kenya, which presents an interesting case study of the food system in East Africa. Seasonality shapes food and nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa, dominated by a rain-fed system; however, lack of monthly data hampers understanding. Using mixed methods, this study constructs a monthly dataset of a representative sample of households from February 2018 to January 2019. A fixed-effects analysis highlights the association between three pathways from agriculture to nutrition while controlling for the hunger and harvesting seasons by crop. Supported by qualitative information from focus groups, the results suggest that seasonality is an important dimension of the agriculture–nutrition link and promote understanding of the complexity of the pathways suggested by the literature, including the association between crops and dietary diversity, with relevant policy implications.
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Developing fruit tree portfolios that link agriculture more effectively with nutrition and health: a new approach for providing year-round micronutrients to smallholder farmers. Food Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-019-00970-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
A sufficient intake of fruits can alleviate micronutrient deficiencies and reduces the risks of a number of associated diseases. In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, however, the production and consumption of fruits are inadequate on average and in particular so in specific seasons. To better incorporate fruits into local food systems while addressing the challenge of seasonal availability, World Agroforestry (ICRAF) has developed a methodology based on “fruit tree portfolios” that selects socio-ecologically suitable and nutritionally important fruit tree species for farm production, to meet local consumption needs. We here present this approach and illustrate it with data from a case study involving Western and Eastern Kenya. The approach uses mixed methods to capture on-farm fruit tree diversity and seasonality at a household level (n = 600 in our case study), the months of household’s food security and insecurity (n = 600) and food consumption patterns at an individual level, to identify dietary gaps (n = 294 women and child pairs in our example). In our case study, 31 fruit tree species were reported on farms in our Western Kenya sample (9 of which were indigenous) and 51 (27 indigenous) in Eastern Kenya. In addition, the median number of food-insecure months per household was four (ranging from 0 to 9 months) in Eastern Kenya and three (0 to 12 months) in Western Kenya. Finally, using 24-h recalls the proportion of women that had consumed a fruit the day before the interview was around 55% in Western Kenya and 80% in Eastern Kenya, with consumption averaging 93 and 131 g, respectively. Using these parameters for each site and fruit tree phenology and food composition data sets, we derived context-specific recommendations that involve promoting 11 fruit tree species to address micronutrient gaps.
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90
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Headey D, Hirvonen K, Hoddinott J, Stifel D. Rural Food Markets and Child Nutrition. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS 2019; 101:1311-1327. [PMID: 33303995 PMCID: PMC7722321 DOI: 10.1093/ajae/aaz032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Child dietary diversity is poor in much of rural Africa and developing Asia, prompting significant efforts to leverage agriculture to improve diets. However, growing recognition that even very poor rural households rely on markets to satisfy their demand for nutrient-rich non-staple foods warrants a much better understanding of how rural markets vary in their diversity, competitiveness, frequency and food affordability, and how such characteristics are associated with diets. This article addresses these questions using data from rural Ethiopia. Deploying a novel market survey in conjunction with an information-rich household survey, we find that children in proximity to markets that sell more non-staple food groups have more diverse diets. However, the association is small in absolute terms; moving from three non-staple food groups in the market to six is associated with an increase in the number of non-staple food groups consumed by ˜0.27 and the likelihood of consumption of any non-staple food group by 10 percentage points. These associations are similar in magnitude to those de-scribing the relationship between dietary diversity and household production diversity; moreover, for some food groups, notably dairy, we find that household and community production of that food is especially important. These modest associations may reflect several specific features of our sample which is situated in very poor, food-insecure localities where even the relatively better off are poor in absolute terms and where, by international standards, relative prices for non-staple foods are very high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Hoddinott
- Cornell University; Professor David Stifel, Lafayette College
| | - David Stifel
- International Food Policy Research Institute
- Cornell University; Professor David Stifel, Lafayette College
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91
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A Castro LH, S de Araújo FH, M Olimpio MY, B de B Primo R, T Pereira T, F Lopes LA, B S de M Trindade E, Fernandes R, A Oesterreich S. Comparative Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Concentrated, Hydrolyzed, and Isolated Whey Protein Supplementation on Body Composition of Physical Activity Practitioners. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092047. [PMID: 31480653 PMCID: PMC6769754 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whey protein (WP) is a dairy food supplement and, due to its effects on fat-free mass (FFM) gain and fat mass (FM) loss, it has been widely consumed by resistance training practitioners. This review analyzed the impact of WP supplementation in its concentrated (WPC), hydrolyzed (WPH) and isolated (WPI) forms, comparing it exclusively to isocaloric placebos. Random effect meta-analyses were performed from the final and initial body composition values of 246 healthy athletes undergoing 64.5 ± 15.3 days of training in eight randomized clinical trials (RCT) collected systematically from five scientific databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was statistically significant for FM loss (WMD = −0.96, 95% CI = −1.37, −0.55, p < 0.001) and, in the analysis of subgroups, this effect was maintained for the WPC (WMD = −0.63, 95% CI = −1.19, −0.06, p = 0.030), with protein content between 51% and 80% (WMD = −1.53; 95% CI = −2.13, −0.93, p < 0.001), and only for regular physical activity practitioners (WMD = −0.95; 95% CI = −1.70, −0.19, p = 0.014). There was no significant effect on FFM in any of the scenarios investigated (p > 0.05). Due to several and important limitations, more detailed analyses are required regarding FFM gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Henrique A Castro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Henrique S de Araújo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Mi Ye M Olimpio
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Raquel B de B Primo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago T Pereira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto F Lopes
- Faculty of Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados/Universitary Hospital of Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79823-501, Brazil
| | - Erasmo B S de M Trindade
- Graduate Program in Nutrition-Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Santa Catarina 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Silvia A Oesterreich
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences-Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, Brazil
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92
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Gregory PJ, Mayes S, Hui CH, Jahanshiri E, Julkifle A, Kuppusamy G, Kuan HW, Lin TX, Massawe F, Suhairi TASTM, Azam-Ali SN. Crops For the Future (CFF): an overview of research efforts in the adoption of underutilised species. PLANTA 2019; 250:979-988. [PMID: 31250097 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Crops For the Future (CFF), as an entity, has established a broad range of research activities to promote the improvement and adoption of currently underutilised crops. This paper summarises selected research activities at Crops For the Future (CFF) in pursuit of its mission 'to develop solutions for diversifying future agriculture using underutilised crops'. CFF is a research company focussed on the improvement of underutilised crops, so that they might be grown and consumed more widely with benefits to human food and nutritional security; its founding guarantors were the Government of Malaysia and the University of Nottingham. From its base in Malaysia, it engages in research around the world with a focus on species and system diversification. CFF has adopted a food system approach that adds value by delivering prototype food, feed and knowledge products. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) was adopted as an exemplar crop around which to develop CFF's food system approach with emphasis on the short-day photoperiod requirement for pod-filling and the hard-to-cook trait. Selective breeding has allowed the development of lines that are less susceptible to photoperiod but also provided a range of tools and approaches that are now being exploited in other crops such as winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), moringa (Moringa oleifera) and proso (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail (Setaria italica) millets. CFF has developed and tested new food products and demonstrated that several crops can be used as feed for black soldier fly which can, in turn, be used to feed fish thereby reducing the need for fishmeal. Information about underutilised crops is widely dispersed; so, a major effort has been made to develop a knowledge base that can be interrogated and used to answer practical questions about potential exploitation of plant and nutritional characteristics. Future research will build on the success with Bambara groundnut and include topics such as urban agriculture, rural development and diversification, and the development of novel foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gregory
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AR, UK.
| | - Sean Mayes
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Chai Hui Hui
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ebrahim Jahanshiri
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Advina Julkifle
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Giva Kuppusamy
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ho Wai Kuan
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tan Xin Lin
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Festo Massawe
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - T A S T M Suhairi
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sayed N Azam-Ali
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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93
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Jones AD, Creed-Kanashiro H, Zimmerer KS, de Haan S. Reply to KT Sibhatu. J Nutr 2019; 149:1483-1486. [PMID: 31372662 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Jones
- From the Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Karl S Zimmerer
- Department of Geography and GeoSyntheSES Lab, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Stef de Haan
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
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94
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The relationship between forest cover and diet quality: a case study of rural southern Malawi. Food Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-019-00923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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95
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Market food diversity mitigates the effect of environment on women's dietary diversity in the Agriculture to Nutrition (ATONU) study, Ethiopia. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2110-2119. [PMID: 30994082 PMCID: PMC7745109 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900051x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Ethiopia, women's dietary diversity is low, primarily due to poor food availability and access, both at home and market level. The present study aimed to describe market access using a new definition called market food diversity (MFD) and estimate the impact of MFD, crop and livestock diversity on dietary diversity among women enrolled in the Agriculture to Nutrition (ATONU) trial. DESIGN Baseline cross-sectional data collected from November 2016 to January 2017 were used for the analysis. Availability of foods in markets was assessed at the village level and categorized into nine food groups similar to the dietary diversity index for women. Bivariate and multivariate mixed-effects regression analyses were conducted, adjusted for clustering at the village level. SETTING Chicken-producing farmers in rural Ethiopia.ParticipantsWomen (n 2117) aged 15-49 years. RESULTS Overall, less than 6 % of women met the minimum dietary diversity (≥5 food groups) and the most commonly consumed food groups were staples and legumes. Median MFD was 4 food groups (interquartile range: 2-8). Multivariate models indicated that women's dietary diversity differed by livestock diversity, food crop diversity and agroecology, with significant interaction effects between agroecology and MFD. CONCLUSIONS Women's dietary diversity is poor in Ethiopia. Local markets are variable in food availability across seasons and agroecological zones. The MFD indicator captures this variability, and women who have access to higher MFD in the highland agroecological zone have better dietary diversity. Thus, MFD has the potential to mitigate the effects of environment on women's dietary diversity.
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96
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Verger EO, Ballard TJ, Dop MC, Martin-Prevel Y. Systematic review of use and interpretation of dietary diversity indicators in nutrition-sensitive agriculture literature. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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97
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Adubra L, Savy M, Fortin S, Kameli Y, Kodjo NE, Fainke K, Mahamadou T, Le Port A, Martin-Prevel Y. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W) Indicator Is Related to Household Food Insecurity and Farm Production Diversity: Evidence from Rural Mali. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz002. [PMID: 30899899 PMCID: PMC6423422 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The popularity of nutrition-sensitive interventions calls for high-quality monitoring and evaluation tools. In this context, the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women of Reproductive Age (MDD-W), validated as a proxy of micronutrient adequacy, does fill a gap. However, because it is a newly endorsed indicator, information on its linkages with other dimensions of food and nutrition security is still scarce. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether the MDD-W is related to household food insecurity and farm production diversity. METHODS A cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of 5046 women of reproductive age was conducted in the region of Kayes, Mali, in 2013. Dietary diversity was assessed through qualitative 24-h recall, and MDD-W was computed. MDD-W equaled 1 if the women consumed at least 5 different food groups and 0 otherwise. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and the Household Hunger Scale (HHS), and a farm production diversity score (FPDS) was calculated based on a count of food crops/livestock groups produced. Logistic regressions were used to assess the relation between MDD-W and the indicators of household food security. RESULTS Only 27% of women reached the MDD-W. These women consumed animal source foods and/or vitamin A-rich vegetables and fruits more frequently than did other women. Women from extremely food insecure households (moderate to severe hunger according to the HHS) were less likely to reach the MDD-W (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.97). One more group in the FPDS increased the odds of attaining the MDD-W (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.18). CONCLUSION In the rural region of Kayes, Mali, women's dietary diversity, as measured by the MDD-W, was associated with household-level food security indicators. This study was registered at ISRCTN.org as ISRCTN08435964.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Adubra
- NUTRIPASS, University of Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
- Sorbonne University, Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Savy
- NUTRIPASS, University of Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Fortin
- NUTRIPASS, University of Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Kameli
- NUTRIPASS, University of Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Agnes Le Port
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Yves Martin-Prevel
- NUTRIPASS, University of Montpellier, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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98
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Agricultural intensification, dietary diversity, and markets in the global food security narrative. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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99
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Reyes-García V, Powell B, Díaz-Reviriego I, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Gallois S, Gueze M. Dietary transitions among three contemporary hunter-gatherers across the tropics. Food Secur 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-0882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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100
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Gitagia MW, Ramkat RC, Mituki DM, Termote C, Covic N, Cheserek MJ. Determinants of dietary diversity among women of reproductive age in two different agro-ecological zones of Rongai Sub-County, Nakuru, Kenya. Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1553. [PMID: 30692880 PMCID: PMC6338663 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Empirical evidence on the link between agrobiodiversity and dietary diversity appears to be inconclusive. Thus, there arises a need to determine other factors that could significantly influence dietary diversity in different agro-ecological zones, as factors may vary from region to region. Objective The objective of this study was to document the status of agrobiodiversity and dietary diversity and to assess the determinants of dietary diversity among women of reproductive age in two different agro-ecological zones of Rongai Sub-County in Kenya. Design A cross-sectional study of 384 women aged 18-49 years was conducted. Agrobiodiversity was measured using the Shannon-Wiener index, species richness (count) and production diversity score. A 24-hour dietary recall was used to determine minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) of reproductive age. Results Although the level of agrobiodiversity was different between the low and high agro-ecological zones (using Shannon-Wiener index); the women's dietary diversity was not different (p > 0.05) between low (3.78 ± 0.99) and high potential areas (3.84 ± 1.05). In multivariate logistic regression, there was no association (p > 0.05) between agrobiodiversity indicators and dietary diversity across the two agricultural zones. Factors influencing MDD-W in two agricultural zones were different. In low potential areas, woman's education level positively determined dietary diversity, while in high potential areas household gender, woman's education level, woman's age and family size influenced MDD-W. Conclusion The proportion of women who met minimum dietary diversity was low. Although agrobiodiversity was different in the two agro-ecological zones, women's dietary diversity scores were similar. In low agricultural potential areas, only education level influenced women's dietary diversity while household gender, education level, age and family size were the important determinants in high agricultural potential areas. Therefore, it is recommended that nutrition interventions focusing on lessening malnutrition and improving dietary quality should pay special attention to differences in agro-ecological zones to develop region-specific interventions instead of generalizing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Wanjiru Gitagia
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Egerton University, Rift Valley, Kenya
| | | | - Dorothy M Mituki
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Egerton University, Rift Valley, Kenya
| | - Celine Termote
- Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Namukolo Covic
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Poverty Health and Nutrition Division, Agriculture for Nutrition and Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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