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Ismail SN, Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Goh YM, Sazili AQ. Effects of method and duration of restraint on stress hormones and meat quality in broiler chickens with different body weights. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:865-873. [PMID: 30381751 PMCID: PMC6498086 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The study was designed to investigate the effects of restraint method, restraint duration, and body weight on stress-linked hormones (corticosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline), blood biochemical (namely glucose and lactate), and the meat quality in broiler chickens. Methods A total of 120 male broiler chickens (Cobb 500) were assigned to a 2×3×2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design using two restraint methods (shackle and cone), three durations of restraint (10, 30, and 60 s), and two categories of live body weight (1.8±0.1 kg as lightweight and 2.8±0.1 kg as heavyweight). Results Irrespective of the duration of restraint and body weight, the coned chickens were found to have lower plasma corticosterone (p<0.01), lactate (p<0.001), lower meat drip loss (p<0.01), cooking loss (p<0.05), and higher blood loss (p<0.05) compared with their shackled counterparts. The duration of restraint had significant effects on the meat initial pH (p<0.05), ultimate pH (p<0.05), and yellowness (p<0.01). The lightweight broilers exhibited higher (p< 0.001) blood loss and lower (p<0.05) cooking loss compared to the heavyweight broilers, regardless of the restraint method used and the duration of restraint. However, the interaction between the restraint method, duration of restraint, and body weight contributed to differences in pre-slaughter stress and meat quality. Therefore, the interaction between the restraint method and the duration of restraint affected the meat shear force, lightness (L*) and redness (a*). Conclusion The duration of restraint and body weight undoubtedly affect stress responses and meat quality of broiler chickens. Regardless of the duration of restraint and body weight, the cone restraint resulted in notably lower stress, lower meat water loss, and higher blood loss compared to shackling. Overall, the findings of this study showed that restraint method, duration of restraint, and body weight may affect the stress response and meat quality parameters in broilers and should be considered independently or interactively in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nadirah Ismail
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, 13314 Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Devatkal SK, Vishnuraj MR, Kulkarni VV, Kotaiah T. Carcass and meat quality characterization of indigenous and improved variety of chicken genotypes. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2947-2956. [PMID: 29762770 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to examine four genotypes of chicken for their carcass and meat quality characteristics. From each genotype, 20 birds were slaughtered at their respective age of maturity. Breast and thigh muscles were evaluated for meat quality characteristics. Transport loss and carcass weight were highest in the white commercial broiler (WBR) and lowest in Aseel (ASL) and Indbro Aseel (ASR). Dressing percentage ranged between 66.41 and 72.56 and was not significantly different among genotypes. The yield of various cut-up parts for different genotypic birds was significantly different (P < 0.05). Highest percent yield for breast (29.15), thigh (15.57), drumstick (13.82) and wings (18.44) were observed in WBR, rainbow rooster (RR), ASR and rainbow rooster Plus (RRP), respectively. Giblet % was highest in RR and meat:bone ratio of thigh portion was highest in WBR. Higher ultimate pH was recorded for RR, RRP, and WBR, and higher water-holding capacity was detected in ASL and ASR. Further, bound water was higher in RR, RRP, and WBR, and free water was maximum in ASL and ASR. A significant (P < 0.05) higher shear force was observed in ASL and higher muscle fiber diameter in WBR. Cooking yield did not differ significantly among genotypes. The breast meat from ASL showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher redness value and WBR showed the lower redness. Further, ASL and ASR meats were darker and red in color than broiler meat. Meat from two indigenous birds (ASL and ASR) had significantly (P < 0.05) lower fat content compared to broilers and other crosses. ASL gave a slightly firmer meat as liked by consumers. The sensory evaluation showed breast meat from RR birds and ASL birds had better flavor scores than other birds. These results indicated that meat of indigenous chickens (ASL and ASR) has some unique features over commercial fast-growing birds that would increase their demand by consumers who prefer chewy, low-fat chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Devatkal
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad 500092, Telangana, India
| | - Mangalathu R Vishnuraj
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad 500092, Telangana, India
| | - Vivek V Kulkarni
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad 500092, Telangana, India
| | - Talapaneni Kotaiah
- Indbro Research and Breeding Farms Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad 500035, Telangana, India
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53
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Siekmann L, Meier-Dinkel L, Janisch S, Altmann B, Kaltwasser C, Sürie C, Krischek C. Carcass Quality, Meat Quality and Sensory Properties of the Dual-Purpose Chicken Lohmann Dual. Foods 2018; 7:foods7100156. [PMID: 30257499 PMCID: PMC6210674 DOI: 10.3390/foods7100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 40 million day-old layer line cockerels are culled in Germany each year, due to economic reasons, leading to a recently instigated research focus on the potential of dual-purpose breeds as an alternative to conventional poultry husbandry, especially the practice of culling. This paper aims to explore and assess the dual-purpose chicken breed “Lohmann Dual” (LD) performance (n = 30) and sensory characteristics (n = 48). Carcass and meat quality traits are evaluated, and descriptive sensory analysis of breast muscles is conducted. To define the scope of characteristics, a market sample of “Ross” Line (n = 35) is adducted. LD carcasses are characterized by higher leg than breast yield; carcass, breast and leg weights are higher in Ross. LD meat has a lower pH, differs in color, has higher drip and thawing losses, but lower cooking loss. LD breast muscles are firmer as indicated by shear force measurements, which is confirmed through the sensory analysis. Appearance, odor and flavor differ between the lines. Overall, distinguishable differences are found between both breeds. Further research should focus on the marketing aspect of the dual-purpose line, as some characteristics could draw consumers to this product. Animal welfare and ethical concerns should further be considered when considering dual-purpose breeds as a feasible alternative to culling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Siekmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division for Quality of Animal Products, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lisa Meier-Dinkel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division for Quality of Animal Products, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
- isi GmbH, D-37124 Rosdorf/Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Sabine Janisch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division for Quality of Animal Products, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Brianne Altmann
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division for Quality of Animal Products, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Claudia Kaltwasser
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division for Quality of Animal Products, Georg-August-University Goettingen, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Sürie
- Farm for Education and Research Ruthe, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-31157 Ruthe/Sarstedt, Germany.
| | - Carsten Krischek
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, Foundation University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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54
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Albrecht A, Herbert U, Miskel D, Heinemann C, Braun C, Dohlen S, Zeitz JO, Eder K, Saremi B, Kreyenschmidt J. Effect of methionine supplementation in chicken feed on the quality and shelf life of fresh poultry meat. Poult Sci 2018; 96:2853-2861. [PMID: 28419366 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different methionine sources and concentrations on the quality and spoilage process of broiler meat. The trial was comprised of 7 treatment groups: one basal group (suboptimal in Methionine+Cysteine; i.e., 0.89, 0.74, 0.69% in DM SID Met+Cys in starter, grower, and finisher diets, respectively) and 3 doses (0.10, 0.25, and 0.40%) of either DL-Methionine (DLM) or DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA) on an equimolar basis of the DLM-supplemented groups. The broilers were fed the diets for 35 d, then slaughtered and processed. The filets were aerobically packed and stored under temperature controlled conditions at 4°C. Meat quality investigations were comprised of microbial investigations (total viable count and Pseudomonas spp.), pH and drip loss measurements of the filets. The shelf life of the meat samples was determined based on sensory parameters. After slaughtering, all supplemented meat samples showed a high quality, whereby no differences between the 2 methionine sources could be detected for the microbial load, pH, and drip loss. In comparison to the control group, the supplemented samples showed a higher sensory quality, characterized by a fresh smell and fresh red color. Methionine supplementation had a significant influence on meat quality parameters during storage. The microbial load, pH and drip loss of the chicken filets were positively correlated to the methionine concentration. Additionally, the microbial load at the end of storage was positively correlated to pH and drip loss values. Nevertheless, the microbial parameters were in a normal range and the positive correlation to methionine concentration did not affect the sensory shelf life. The mean sensory shelf life of the broiler filets varied between 7 to 9 d. During storage, no difference in the development of sensory parameters was observed between the supplemented groups, while the spoilage process of the basal group occurred slightly faster. In conclusion, methionine concentration, but not methionine source, effected meat quality parameters in breast muscles of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Albrecht
- Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Herbert
- Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dennis Miskel
- Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Celine Heinemann
- Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Carina Braun
- Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophia Dohlen
- Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna O Zeitz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Physiology, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | | | - Judith Kreyenschmidt
- Institute for Nutritional and Food Sciences, Katzenburgweg 7-9, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Kuttappan VA, Owens CM, Coon C, Hargis BM, Vazquez-Añon M. Incidence of broiler breast myopathies at 2 different ages and its impact on selected raw meat quality parameters. Poult Sci 2018; 96:3005-3009. [PMID: 28431094 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
White striping (WS) and woody breast (WB) are 2 poultry meat quality defects that affect the acceptance of raw breast fillets as well as properties of cooked and further processed products. The present study was intended to evaluate the incidence of these conditions in broilers at different ages and to compare the properties of fillets with different degrees of WS and WB. For this study, 1,920 birds were processed, at 6 and 9 wk of age, in a standard commercial inline processing system. After chilling, carcasses were deboned and butterfly fillets were collected and weighed. Individual fillets were scored for normal, moderate, severe, and very severe degrees of WS and WB, and for petechial hemorrhagic lesions (PHEM, 0 - no lesion to 2 - severe lesion). Representative fillets with NORM-WS/WB, SEV-WS, SEV-WB, and SEV-WS/WB were selected and stored at 4°C. After 24 h, fillet length, width, cranial height, and caudal height, as well as pH, color, and drip loss were recorded. There was an increase in incidence of severe and very severe WS and WB conditions at 9 wk compared to 6 wk of age. The relationship between fillet weight and the myopathies plateaued at 9 wk of age with more fillets showing a higher score. Mean PHEM scores were higher (P < 0.05) in SEV-WS, SEV-WB, and SEV-WS/WB compared to NORM-WS/WB birds, both at 6 and 9 weeks. NORM-WS/WB birds had lower (P < 0.05) live and breast weight, breast yield, and cranial and caudal heights, as well as b* value (yellowness) compared to SEV-WS/WB. NORM-WS/WB had lower (P < 0.05) pH while NORM-WS/WB and SEV-WS samples showed lower (P < 0.05) drip loss when compared to SEV-WB and SEV-WS/WB. The results from this study showed that the severe degrees of WS and WB are associated with heavier and older birds, and thicker breast fillets. Occurrence of severe degrees of WS and/or WB can affect various raw meat quality factors, mainly color and water holding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C M Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - C Coon
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - B M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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56
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Bihan-Duval EL, Hennequet-Antier C, Berri C, Beauclercq SA, Bourin MC, Boulay M, Demeure O, Boitard S. Identification of genomic regions and candidate genes for chicken meat ultimate pH by combined detection of selection signatures and QTL. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:294. [PMID: 29695245 PMCID: PMC5918591 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of the biological determinism of meat ultimate pH, which is strongly related to muscle glycogen content, is a key point for the control of muscle integrity and meat quality in poultry. In the present study, we took advantage of a unique model of two broiler lines divergently selected for the ultimate pH of the pectoralis major muscle (PM-pHu) in order to decipher the genetic control of this trait. Two complementary approaches were used: detection of selection signatures generated during the first five generations and genome-wide association study for PM-pHu and Sartorius muscle pHu (SART-pHu) at the sixth generation of selection. RESULTS Sixty-three genomic regions showed significant signatures of positive selection. Out of the 10 most significant regions (detected by HapFLK or FLK method with a p-value below 1e-6), 4 were detected as soon as the first generation (G1) and were recovered at each of the four following ones (G2-G5). Another four corresponded to a later onset of selection as they were detected only at G5. In total, 33 SNPs, located in 24 QTL regions, were significantly associated with PM-pHu. For SART-pHu, we detected 18 SNPs located in 10 different regions. These results confirmed a polygenic determinism for these traits and highlighted two major QTL: one for PM-pHu on GGA1 (with a Bayes Factor (BF) of 300) and one for SART-pHu on GGA4 (with a BF of 257). Although selection signatures were enriched in QTL for PM-pHu, several QTL with strong effect haven't yet responded to selection, suggesting that the divergence between lines might be further increased. CONCLUSIONS A few regions of major interest with significant selection signatures and/or strong association with PM-pHu or SART-pHu were evidenced for the first time in chicken. Their gene content suggests several candidates associated with diseases of glycogen storage in humans. The impact of these candidate genes on meat quality and muscle integrity should be further investigated in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cécile Berri
- BOA, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Marie Christine Bourin
- Institut Technique de l'Aviculture (ITAVI), Centre INRA Val de Loire, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryse Boulay
- Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF), Centre INRA Val de Loire, Unité de Recherches Avicoles, F-37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Olivier Demeure
- PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, 35590,, Saint-Gilles, France.,Groupe Grimaud, La Corbière, 49450, Roussay, France
| | - Simon Boitard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, 31320, Castanet Tolosan, France
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57
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Koçer B, Bozkurt M, Ege G, Tüzün AE, Konak R, Olgun O. Effects of a meal feeding regimen and the availability of fresh alfalfa on growth performance and meat and bone quality of broiler genotypes. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:318-329. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1440378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Koçer
- Department of Nutrition, Poultry Research Institute, Erbeyli, Turkey
| | - M. Bozkurt
- Department of Nutrition, Poultry Research Institute, Erbeyli, Turkey
| | - G. Ege
- Department of Nutrition, Poultry Research Institute, Erbeyli, Turkey
| | - A. E. Tüzün
- Kocarlı Vocational School, Adnan Menderes University, Kocarlı, Turkey
| | - R. Konak
- Department of Nutrition, Poultry Research Institute, Erbeyli, Turkey
| | - O. Olgun
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Turkey
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58
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Mello JLM, Souza RA, Paschoalin GC, Ferrari FB, Machado BM, Giampietro-Ganeco A, Souza PA, Borba H. A comparison of the effects of post-mortem aging on breast meat from Cobb 500 and Hubbard ISA broilers. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared the physical and chemical characteristics of the pectoralis major muscle from Cobb 500 and Hubbard ISA broilers and evaluated the effect of aging process for up to 7 days on meat quality. We used breast samples from male Cobb 500 (42 days of age; n = 60) and Hubbard ISA (85 days of age; n = 60) broilers. Twenty samples of each genotype were analysed 4 h post-slaughter (Control group). Another 20 samples of each genotype were aged in an incubator (2 ± 0.5°C) for 3 and for 7 days. Breast fillets were 23% heavier in the Cobb 500 group (306 g vs 248 g; P = 0.0009). Before aging, meat from Hubbard ISA broilers had higher (P < 0.001) water-holding capacity, which promotes the production of less exudate and possibly reduces nutritional losses during storage, which may be beneficial to the poultry industry. Despite being initially less tender, breast meat from Hubbard ISA broilers showed, during the aging process, a reduction (P < 0.05) of shear force (48.46–15.04 N), total collagen amount (6.0–4.8 g/kg) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (150.17–97.42) and had the same (P = 0.134) fat concentration (0.87 g/100 g) as that of breast meat from Cobb 500 broilers (0.93 g/100 g, respectively). Breast meat from Hubbard ISA broilers had a higher (P < 0.001) polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration, especially docosahexaenoic acid, which is beneficial to human health. Aging breast fillets for 3 days at 2°C is sufficient to tenderise the meat without reducing its juiciness, which suggests that the aging process can add value to free-range meat.
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Ismail I, Joo ST. Poultry Meat Quality in Relation to Muscle Growth and Muscle Fiber Characteristics. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:873-883. [PMID: 29725209 PMCID: PMC5932941 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in the definition of poultry meat quality exist because the quality traits are not solely based on intrinsic and extrinsic factors but also consumers’ preference. Appearance quality traits (AQT), eating quality traits (EQT), and reliance quality traits (RQT) are the major factors focused by the consumer before buying good quality of poultry meat. AQT and EQT of poultry meat are controlled by physical and biochemical characteristics of muscle fibers which can be categorized into a total number of fibers (TNF), cross-sectional area of fibers (CSAF), and fiber type composition (FTC). In poultry meat, it has been shown that muscle fiber properties play a key role in meat quality because numerous studies have reported the relationships between quality traits and fiber characteristics. Despite intensive research has been carried out to manipulate the muscle fiber to improve poultry meat quality, demand in a rapid growth of poultry muscle has correlated to the deterioration in the meat quality. The present paper reviews the definition of poultry meat quality, meat quality traits, and variations of meat quality. Also, this review presents recent knowledge underlying the relationship between poultry meat quality traits and muscle fiber characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishamri Ismail
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea.,Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Seon-Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52852, Korea
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60
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Muth PC, Valle Zárate A. Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters. Arch Anim Breed 2017. [DOI: 10.5194/aab-60-427-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract. The effects of the increase of body weight of contemporary broilers during growth on functional meat quality and color characteristics of the chicken breast muscle are controversially debated. Therefore, male chickens (n = 264) of a fast-growing commercial broiler (Ross 308) and two slow-growing experimental meat-type chicken lines were compared at equal age and at similar body weight in order to investigate the effect of growth rate on selected functional breast meat traits and meat color. Additionally, the breast meat characteristics of birds with different growth profiles were compared within lines. When the body weight of commercial broilers reached about 40 to 60 % of their growth potential, they exhibited particularly high ultimate pH values compared with slow-growing lines. The ability of the meat of fast-growing broilers to retain water during cooking was impaired (5 to 16 percentage points increased cooking loss compared to slow-growing lines), which, in contrast to pH, was only marginally affected by body weight and/or age at slaughter. No unfavorable correlations of breast meat quality traits with the growth profile, represented by growth curve parameters derived from the Gompertz–Laird equation, were detected within any of the investigated chicken lines. It is noteworthy that the associations of ultimate pH and cooking loss with maximum growth speed indicate a non-linear relationship. Thus, some of the functional characteristics of breast meat of the fast-growing broiler resembled the white-striping defect described for poultry meat, but the hypothesis that selection on increased growth rates is detrimental for meat quality per se could not be confirmed. In fact, an elevated growth potential in particular, i.e., body weight at maturity, could have some beneficial effects for the water-holding capacity of breast meat, regardless of the genotypic growth rate.
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Mir NA, Rafiq A, Kumar F, Singh V, Shukla V. Determinants of broiler chicken meat quality and factors affecting them: a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017; 54:2997-3009. [PMID: 28974784 PMCID: PMC5603000 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Broiler production at mass level has already been achieved and now emphasis is being laid on increasing meat quality by altering various characteristics of broiler meat. Appearance, texture, juiciness, wateriness, firmness, tenderness, odor and flavor are the most important and perceptible meat features that influence the initial and final quality judgment by consumers before and after purchasing a meat product. The quantifiable properties of meat such as water holding capacity, shear force, drip loss, cook loss, pH, shelf life, collagen content, protein solubility, cohesiveness, and fat binding capacity are indispensable for processors involved in the manufacture of value added meat products. Nutrition of birds has a significant impact on poultry meat quality and safety. It is well known that dietary fatty acid profiles are reflected in tissue fatty acid. Management of poultry meat production is reflected mostly on consumption features (juiciness, tenderness, flavour) of meat. After slaughter, biochemical changes, causing the conversion of muscle to meat, determine final meat quality. Postmortem carcass temperature has profound effect on rigor mortis and the physicochemical changes observed in PSE muscles are attributed to postmortem glycolysis, temperature, and pH. Primary processing and further processing have become a matter of concern with respect to nutritional quality of broiler meat. Genetic variation among birds could contribute to large differences in the rate of rigor mortis completion and meat quality. Heritability estimates for meat quality traits in broilers are amazingly high (0.35-0.81), making genetic selection a best tool for improvement of broiler meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Akbar Mir
- Division of AN&FT, Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Aasima Rafiq
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, SKUAST- Kashmir, Anantnag, J&K India
| | - Faneshwar Kumar
- Division of Poultry Science, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Vijay Singh
- Division of Poultry Science, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Vivek Shukla
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Bombay Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai, India
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Jingting S, Qin X, Yanju S, Ming Z, Yunjie T, Gaige J, Zhongwei S, Jianmin Z. Oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles show marked differences in gene expression profile in Chinese Qingyuan partridge chickens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183118. [PMID: 28813489 PMCID: PMC5558948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and glycolytic myofibers have different structures and metabolic characteristics and their ratios are important in determining poultry meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their differences are unclear. In this study, global gene expression profiling was conducted in oxidative skeletal muscle (obtained from the soleus, or SOL) and glycolytic skeletal muscle (obtained from the extensor digitorum longus, or EDL) of Chinese Qingyuan partridge chickens, using the Agilent Chicken Gene Expression Chip. A total of 1224 genes with at least 2-fold differences were identified (P < 0.05), of which 654 were upregulated and 570 were downregulated in SOL. GO, KEGG pathway, and co-expressed gene network analyses suggested that PRKAG3, ATP2A2, and PPARGC1A might play important roles in myofiber composition. The function of PPARGC1A gene was further validated. PPARGC1A mRNA expression levels were higher in SOL than in EDL muscles throughout the early postnatal development stages. In myoblast cells, shRNA knockdown of PPARGC1A significantly inhibited some muscle development and transition-related genes, including PPP3CA, MEF2C, and SM (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and significantly upregulated the expression of FWM (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrates strong transcriptome differences between oxidative and glycolytic myofibers, and the results suggest that PPARGC1A is a key gene involved in chicken myofiber composition and transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jingting
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Yanju
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhang Ming
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tu Yunjie
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji Gaige
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Zhongwei
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Jianmin
- Key laboratory for poultry genetics and breeding of Jiangsu province, Institute of Poultry Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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63
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Stadig LM, Rodenburg TB, Ampe B, Reubens B, Tuyttens FA. Effect of free-range access, shelter type and weather conditions on free-range use and welfare of slow-growing broiler chickens. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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64
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Chen Y, Chen H, Li W, Miao J, Chen N, Shao X, Cao Y. Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol-induced oxidative damage in laying hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:214-223. [PMID: 28276101 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256-day-old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol-induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH-PX, T-SOD, T-AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol-induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Infinitus (China) Company, Jiangmen City, Guangdong, China
| | - W Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Miao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - N Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Poultry Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X Shao
- Guangdong Institute of Poultry Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Cao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Natural Products, Guangzhou, China
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65
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Controlling of growth performance, lipid deposits and fatty acid composition of chicken meat through a probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii during subclinical Clostridium perfringens infection. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:38. [PMID: 28183305 PMCID: PMC5301419 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat is considered as a major source of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) which is essential for humans, therefore its lipid level and fatty acid composition have drawn great attention. As no clinical sign can be found in chicks subclinically infected by Clostridium perfringens (CP), the meat may be purchased and eaten. The objective of the present study was to determine whether Lactobacillus johnsonii (LJ) can control the CP-caused impact on growth, lipid levels, fatty acid composition and other flavor or nutritional quality in the meat. Methods 480 one-day-old chicks were divided into four groups and fed with basal diet (control and CP group). Supplemented with 1 × 105 (L-LJ) and 1 × 106 (H-LJ) colony-forming unit (cfu), CP diet was fed for 42 days. From day 19 to 22, birds of CP and LJ groups were administered with CP twice per day and the control was administered with liver broth. Results LJ-treated chickens were free from negative influences on growth performance and significant decrease of abdominal fat deposit., LJ inhibited CP-caused shearing force and drip loss increase and pH 40 min and 24 h decrease after sacrifice. In addition, LJ exhibited a positive effect on muscle lipid peroxidation by significantly increasing SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activity and decreasing MDA level. Besides, LJ attenuated the decrease of intramuscular fat, total cholesterol and triglyceride contents caused by CP infection. However, levels of total protein and most of amino acids were not changed. CP infection decreased C18:3n-3 (α-LA), C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3(EPA), C22:4n-6, C22:5n-3, C22:6n-3(DHA), total PUFA, n-3 PUFA and PUFA:SFA ratio and increased C14:0, total SFA and n-6:n-3 ratio. LJ was found to protect the muscle from these changes. Meanwhile, the 28-day gut permeability level was higher in CP group. Conclusions These findings suggest that CP may affect the growth performance of chicks and negatively influence lipid content and fatty acid composition in chicken meat. Meanwhile, LJ treatment may be effective in controlling these changes by reducing the increased gut permeability caused by CP subclinical infection.
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66
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Frizzell KM, Lynch E, Rathgeber BM, Dixon WT, Putman CT, Jendral MJ. Effect of housing environment on laying hen meat quality: Assessing Pectoralis major pH, colour and tenderness in three strains of 80-81 week-old layers housed in conventional and furnished cages. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:50-58. [PMID: 27844496 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2016.1236364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. Meat quality is affected by factors such as stress, genetic strain and activity and is determined in part by measures of pH, colour and tenderness. In conventional laying hen cages (CC), lack of physical space and inability to perform highly motivated behaviours leads to stress and inactivity. Furnished cages (FCs) permit expression of highly motivated behaviours, but typically house larger group sizes than CC, thereby contributing to social stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CC and FC laying hen housing environments and strain differences on meat quality of 80-81-week-old birds. 2. Pectoralis major meat quality was assessed for two flocks of Shaver White (SH), Lohmann Lite (LL) and Lohmann Brown (LB) hens housed in either 5-hen CC or 40-hen FC. Between 80 and 81 weeks, muscle samples were collected from randomly selected hens and analysed for muscle pH, colour and shear force (SF) using established methods. 3. In both flocks, the combined treatment body weights (BWs) were higher for CC than FC hens and the combined strain BWs were higher for LB than LL and SH hens. Flock 1 LB had lower initial and ultimate pH than SH and LL, and greater pH decline than SH. Muscle redness (a*) was higher for CC SH than FC SH in both flocks. Muscle a* was higher for LL than SH and LB in Flock 1, and higher than SH in Flock 2. Housing differences in muscle SF were absent. In CC, SF was higher for SH than LL and LB in Flock 1, and higher than LB in Flock 2. 4. Lack of housing differences suggests that environmental stressors present in both housing systems similarly affected meat quality. Strain differences for muscle pH, a* and SF indicate increased stress experienced by SH and LL hens. The absence of Flock 2 strain differences is consistent with the cannibalism outbreak that occurred in this flock and most severely impacted LB hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Frizzell
- a Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - E Lynch
- b Department of Plant and Animal Sciences , Dalhousie University Agricultural Campus , Truro , Canada
| | - B M Rathgeber
- b Department of Plant and Animal Sciences , Dalhousie University Agricultural Campus , Truro , Canada
| | - W T Dixon
- c Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - C T Putman
- d Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry ,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton , Canada
| | - M J Jendral
- b Department of Plant and Animal Sciences , Dalhousie University Agricultural Campus , Truro , Canada
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Liu L, Ni X, Zeng D, Wang H, Jing B, Yin Z, Pan K. Effect of a dietary probiotic, Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15, on growth performance, quality traits, antioxidant ability, and nutritional and flavour substances of chicken meat. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 supplementation improves the growth performance and meat quality of broilers, 450 1-day-old male chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly divided into three groups: control group (basal corn-soybean diet), L-BS15 group (basal diet + 1 × 105 colony-forming unit BS15/g as feed), and H-BS15 group (basal diet + 1 × 106 colony-forming unit BS15/g as feed). These diets were fed for 42 days. Abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of BS15 increased. BS15 supplementation significantly increased the pH at 24 h after sacrifice and decreased drip loss and shearing force (P < 0.05), although meat colour and pH at 40 min after sacrifice remained unchanged. Antioxidant capacity and total protein and intramuscular fat levels were unchanged by the treatments, but BS15 supplementation significantly increased inosine monophosphate level and decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels (P < 0.05). The levels of proline, total amino acids, and flavour-related amino acids were increased (P < 0.05) by BS15 supplementation, but the levels of other amino acids did not change significantly. BS15 supplementation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) C16:0, C22:4n-6, and n-6 : n-3 ratio and increased (P < 0.05) C18:3n-3, C20:5n-3,C22:6n-3, total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), n-3 PUFA and PUFA : saturated fatty acid ratio. These findings suggest that L. johnsonii BS15 supplementation improves the meat quality of broilers by increasing the shelf life and flavour and nutritional substances. In addition, BS15 supplementation can induce changes in fat deposits and fatty acid composition.
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68
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Yi B, Chen L, Sa R, Zhong R, Xing H, Zhang H. Transcriptome Profile Analysis of Breast Muscle Tissues from High or Low Levels of Atmospheric Ammonia Exposed Broilers (Gallus gallus). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162631. [PMID: 27611572 PMCID: PMC5017607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric ammonia is a common problem in poultry industry. High concentrations of aerial ammonia cause great harm to broilers' health and production. For the consideration of human health, the limit exposure concentration of ammonia in houses is set at 25 ppm. Previous reports have shown that 25 ppm is still detrimental to livestock, especially the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, but the negative relationship between ammonia exposure and the tissue of breast muscle of broilers is still unknown. In the present study, 25 ppm ammonia in poultry houses was found to lower slaughter performance and breast yield. Then, high-throughput RNA sequencing was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes in breast muscle of broiler chickens exposed to high (25 ppm) or low (3 ppm) levels of atmospheric ammonia. The transcriptome analysis showed that 163 genes (fold change ≥ 2 or ≤ 0.5; P-value < 0.05) were differentially expressed between Ammonia25 (treatment group) and Ammonia3 (control group), including 96 down-regulated and 67 up-regulated genes. qRT-PCR analysis validated the transcriptomic results of RNA sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation analysis revealed potential genes, processes and pathways with putative involvement in growth and development inhibition of breast muscle in broilers caused by aerial ammonia exposure. This study facilitates understanding of the genetic architecture of the chicken breast muscle transcriptome, and has identified candidate genes for breast muscle response to atmospheric ammonia exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Renna Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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69
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Combined effect of divergent selection for breast muscle ultimate pH and dietary amino acids on chicken performance, physical activity and meat quality. Animal 2016; 11:335-344. [PMID: 27476550 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731116001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses to changes in dietary Lys and other essential amino acid (AA) concentrations were evaluated in 480 male and female broilers originating from two lines divergently selected for high (pHu+) or low (pHu-) ultimate pH (pHu) of breast muscle. The two genetic lines were fed with two grower isoenergetic diets differing in both true digestible Lys (control=10.2 g/kg and experimental=7.0 g/kg) and amounts of other essential AA calculated in relation to Lys, which were sufficient for the control diet or in excess for the experimental diet. There were six repetitions per treatment. Birds were weighed individually at days 0, 21, 28 and 43. Feed consumption was recorded per pen and feed conversion was calculated over the growing period. The physical activity and walking ability of broilers were recorded during the whole rearing period. Breast and leg yield, and abdominal fat percentage were measured at 43 days of age, as were pHu, color, drip and cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force, and curing-cooking yield of the breast Pectoralis major and pHu of the thigh Sartorius muscle. Divergent selection greatly affected most breast meat quality traits without significantly changing growth rate or feed efficiency. When subjected to a variation in dietary intake of AA, birds from the two genotypes responded in a similar way in terms of animal's growth, feed efficiency, body composition and meat quality traits. Although line and diet did not affect physical or feeding activities of the broilers, a significant effect of line-by-diet interaction was observed on gait score. Contrary to the pHu- birds, the walking ability of pHu+ birds was impaired when fed the control diet that favored growth and breast muscle development and limited storage of carbohydrate in muscle.
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70
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Alnahhas N, Le Bihan-Duval E, Baéza E, Chabault M, Chartrin P, Bordeau T, Cailleau-Audouin E, Meteau K, Berri C. Impact of divergent selection for ultimate pH of pectoralis major muscle on biochemical, histological, and sensorial attributes of broiler meat. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:4524-31. [PMID: 26440351 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of divergent selection based on the ultimate pH (pHu) of pectoralis major (P. major) muscle on the chemical, biochemical, and histological profiles of the muscle and sensorial quality of meat was investigated in broiler chickens. The protein, lipid, DM, glycogen and lactate content, glycolytic potential, proteolysis, lipid and protein oxidation index, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, capillary density, and collagen surface were determined on the breast P. major muscle of 6-wk-old broilers issued from the high-pHu (pHu+) and low-pHu (pHu-) lines. Sensory attributes were also evaluated on the breast (roasted or grilled) and thigh (roasted) meat of the 2 lines. Protein, lipid, and DM content of P. major muscle were not affected by selection ( > 0.05). However, the P. major muscle of the pHu+ line was characterized by lower residual glycogen (-16%; ≤ 0.001) and lactate (-14%; ≤ 0.001) content and lower glycolytic potential (-14%; ≤ 0.001) compared with the pHu- line. Although the average cross-sectional area of muscle fibers and surface occupied by collagen were similar ( > 0.05) in both lines, fewer capillaries per fiber (-15%; ≤ 0.05) were observed in the pHu+ line. The pHu+ line was also characterized by lower lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance index: -23%; ≤ 0.05) but protein oxidation and proteolysis index were not different ( > 0.05) between the 2 lines. At the sensory level, selection on breast muscle pHu mainly affected the texture of grilled and roast breast meat, which was judged significantly more tender ( ≤ 0.001) in the pHu+ line, and the acid taste, which was less pronounced in the roasted breast meat of the pHu+ line ( ≤ 0.002). This study highlighted that selection based on pHu does not affect the chemical composition and structure of breast meat. However, by modifying muscle blood supply and glycogen turnover, it affects meat acidity and oxidant status, both of which are likely to contribute to the large differences in texture observed between the 2 lines.
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71
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Abasht B, Mutryn MF, Michalek RD, Lee WR. Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Perturbations in Wooden Breast Disorder in Chickens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153750. [PMID: 27097013 PMCID: PMC4838225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize metabolic features of the breast muscle (pectoralis major) in chickens affected with the Wooden Breast myopathy. Live birds from two purebred chicken lines and one crossbred commercial broiler population were clinically examined by manual palpation of the breast muscle (pectoralis major) at 47–48 days of age. Metabolite abundance was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using breast muscle tissue samples from 16 affected and 16 unaffected chickens. Muscle glycogen content was also quantified in breast muscle tissue samples from affected and unaffected chickens. In total, levels of 140 biochemicals were significantly different (FDR < 0.1 and fold-change A/U > 1.3 or < 0.77) between affected and unaffected chickens. Glycogen content measurements were considerably lower (1.7-fold) in samples taken from Wooden Breast affected birds when compared with samples from unaffected birds. Affected tissues exhibited biomarkers related to increased oxidative stress, elevated protein levels, muscle degradation, and altered glucose utilization. Affected muscle also showed elevated levels of hypoxanthine, xanthine, and urate molecules, the generation of which can contribute to altered redox homeostasis. In conclusion, our findings show that Wooden Breast affected tissues possess a unique metabolic signature. This unique profile may identify candidate biomarkers for diagnostic utilization and provide mechanistic insight into altered biochemical processes contributing to tissue hardening associated with the Wooden Breast myopathy in commercial chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Abasht
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie F. Mutryn
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | | | - William R. Lee
- Maple Leaf Farms, Leesburg, IN, United States of America
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Bosco AD, Mugnai C, Amato MG, Piottoli L, Cartoni A, Castellini C. Effect of Slaughtering Age in Different Commercial Chicken Genotypes Reared According to the Organic System: 1. Welfare, Carcass and Meat Traits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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73
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Seo D, Park H, Jung S, Cahyadi M, Choi N, Jin S, Heo K, Jo C, Lee J. QTL analyses of general compound, color, and pH traits in breast and thigh muscles in Korean native chicken. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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74
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Janisch S, Sharifi A, Wicke M, Krischek C. Changing the incubation temperature during embryonic myogenesis influences the weight performance and meat quality of male and female broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2581-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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75
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Wang SH, Wang SH, Li H, Sun GR, Lyu SJ, Liu XJ, Li ZJ, Kang XT. SNP in pre-miR-1666 decreases mature miRNA expression and is associated with chicken performance. Genome 2015; 58:81-90. [PMID: 26053224 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in miRNA genes could potentially alter various biological processes by influencing the processing and (or) target selection of miRNAs. The rs14120863 (C > G) mutation, which we characterized in a Gushi-Anka F2 resource population, resides in the precursor region of miR-1666. Association analysis with chicken carcass and growth traits showed that the SNP was significantly associated with carcass weight, evisceration weight, breast muscle weight, leg muscle weight, and body weight at 8 weeks of age, as well as some body size indexes including shank girth, chest breadth, breast bone length, and body slanting length, in the Gushi-Anka F2 resource population. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that miR-1666 expression levels in muscle tissues differed within various genotypes. Experiment in DF1 cells further confirmed that the SNP in miR-1666 could significantly alter mature miRNA production. Subsequently, using dual-luciferase report assay, we verified that miR-1666 could perform its function through targeting of the CBFB gene. In conclusion, the SNP in the precursor of miR-1666 could significantly reduce mature miR-1666 production. It may further affect the function of miR-1666 through the target gene CBFB, hence it is associated with chicken growth traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-He Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Hong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Rong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Jie Lyu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Zhuan-Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Tao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, P.R. China
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Almasi A, Andrassyne BG, Milisits G, Kustosne PO, Suto Z. Effects of different rearing systems on muscle and meat quality traits of slow- and medium-growing male chickens. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:320-4. [PMID: 25680005 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1016478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of production system on the meat quality of slow- and medium-growing chickens. A total of 1075 1-d-old male chicks were equally divided into 6 experimental groups, represented by three strains (SG: TETRA-H, MG1: TETRA HB Color, MG2: Shaver Farm) and were reared in a poultry house in floor pens (12 males/m(2)). 2. On d 49, 150 healthy birds (50/genotype) were placed in a free-range family farm while the rest of the birds remained indoors. All birds were fed ad libitum and consumed the same diet. On d 70, 20 birds of each experimental group were slaughtered and muscle samples were taken from the left breast and thigh muscles. 3. Thigh muscle of SG males kept on free range was darker (L* = 75.12 vs. 78.33) with lower frying loss (45.9% vs. 55.9%) compared with the indoor group. Similar results were obtained from the MG1 group. Free-range MG2 males had lighter thigh meat (L* = 50.7 vs. 57.8) and lower frying loss compared to the indoor group. 4. In general, the indoor treatment had a lower impact on breast meat than the outdoor system. Regardless of the rearing system, genotypic differences were more pronounced in thigh than in breast muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Almasi
- a Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences , Kaposvár University , Kaposvár , Hungary
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77
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Moreira GCM, Godoy TF, Boschiero C, Gheyas A, Gasparin G, Andrade SCS, Paduan M, Montenegro H, Burt DW, Ledur MC, Coutinho LL. Variant discovery in a QTL region on chromosome 3 associated with fatness in chickens. Anim Genet 2015; 46:141-7. [PMID: 25643900 DOI: 10.1111/age.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal fat content is an economically important trait in commercially bred chickens. Although many quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to fat deposition have been detected, the resolution for these regions is low and functional variants are still unknown. The current study was conducted aiming at increasing resolution for a region previously shown to have a QTL associated with fat deposition, to detect novel variants from this region and to annotate those variants to delineate potentially functional ones as candidates for future studies. To achieve this, 18 chickens from a parental generation used in a reciprocal cross between broiler and layer lines were sequenced using the Illumina next-generation platform with an initial coverage of 18X/chicken. The discovery of genetic variants was performed in a QTL region located on chromosome 3 between microsatellite markers LEI0161 and ADL0371 (33,595,706-42,632,651 bp). A total of 136,054 unique SNPs and 15,496 unique INDELs were detected in this region, and after quality filtering, 123,985 SNPs and 11,298 INDELs were retained. Of these variants, 386 SNPs and 15 INDELs were located in coding regions of genes related to important metabolic pathways. Loss-of-function variants were identified in several genes, and six of those, namely LOC771163, EGLN1, GNPAT, FAM120B, THBS2 and GGPS1, were related to fat deposition. Therefore, these loss-of-function variants are candidate mutations for conducting further studies on this important trait in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C M Moreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, USP/ESALQ, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
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78
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Implications of white striping and wooden breast abnormalities on quality traits of raw and marinated chicken meat. Animal 2015; 9:728-34. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173111400295x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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79
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Response of Atrogin-1/MAFbx Expression in Various Skeletal Muscles to Fasting in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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80
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Alnahhas N, Berri C, Boulay M, Baéza E, Jégo Y, Baumard Y, Chabault M, Le Bihan-Duval E. Selecting broiler chickens for ultimate pH of breast muscle: analysis of divergent selection experiment and phenotypic consequences on meat quality, growth, and body composition traits. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:3816-24. [PMID: 25006074 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic parameters for ultimate pH of pectoralis major muscle (PM-pHu) and sartorius muscle (SART-pHu); color parameters L*, a*, b*; logarithm of drip loss (LogDL) of pectoralis major (PM) muscle; breast meat yield (BMY); thigh and drumstick yield (TY); abdominal fat percentage (AFP); and BW at 6 wk (BW6) were estimated in 2 lines of broiler chickens divergently selected for PM-pHu. Effects of selection on all the previous traits and on glycolytic potential, pectoralis major muscle pH at 15 min postmortem, curing-cooking yield (CCY), cooking loss (CL), and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of the PM muscle were also analyzed after 5 generations. Strong genetic determinism of PM-pHu was observed, with estimated h(2) of 0.57 ± 0.02. There was a significant positive genetic correlation (rg) between PM-pHu and SART-pHu (0.54 ± 0.04), indicating that selection had a general rather than a specific effect on energy storage in skeletal muscles. The h(2) estimates of L*, a*, and b* parameters were 0.58 ± 0.02, 0.39 ± 0.02, and 0.48 ± 0.02, respectively. Heritability estimates for TY, BMY, and AFP were 0.39 ± 0.04, 0.52 ± 0.01, and 0.71 ± 0.02, respectively. Our results indicated different genetic control of LogDL and L* of the meat between the 2 lines; these traits had a strong rg with PM-pHu in the line selected for low ultimate pH (pHu) value (pHu-; -0.80 and -0.71, respectively), which was not observed in the line selected for high pHu value (pHu+; -0.04 and -0.29, respectively). A significant positive rg (0.21 ± 0.04) was observed between PM-pHu and BMY but not between PM-pHu and BW6, AFP, or TY. Significant phenotypic differences were observed after 5 generations of selection between the 2 lines. The mean differences (P < 0.001) in pHu between the 2 lines were 0.42 and 0.21 pH units in the breast and thigh muscle, respectively. Breast meat in the pHu+ line exhibited lower L* (-5 units; P < 0.001), a* (-0.22 units; P < 0.001), b* (-1.53 units; P < 0.001), and drip loss (-1.6 units; P < 0.001) than in the pHu- line. Breast meat of the pHu+ line was also characterized by greater CCY (+6.1 units; P < 0.001), lower CL (-1.66 units; P < 0.01), and lower WBSF after cooking (-5.1 units; P < 0.001) compared to the pHu- line. This study highlighted that selection based on pHu can be effective in improving the processing ability of breast meat and reducing the incidence of meat quality defects without affecting chicken growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alnahhas
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - C Berri
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M Boulay
- SYSAAF, Centre INRA de Tours, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - E Baéza
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Jégo
- Hubbard, La Pouhardière, F-35220 Chateaubourg, France
| | - Y Baumard
- INRA, UE1295 Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - M Chabault
- INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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81
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Hadad Y, Halevy O, Cahaner A. Featherless and feathered broilers under control versus hot conditions. 1. Breast meat yield and quality. Poult Sci 2014; 93:1067-75. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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82
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Haščík P, Kačániová M, Bobko M, Pochop J, Mihok M, Arpášová H. Effect of probiotic preparation for chemical composition of meat cocks different combinations of hybrid chicks. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159050083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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83
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Analysis of differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways related to intramuscular fat deposition in skeletal muscle of sex-linked dwarf chickens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:724274. [PMID: 24757673 PMCID: PMC3976829 DOI: 10.1155/2014/724274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) plays an important role in meat quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IMF deposition in skeletal muscle have not been addressed for the sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicken. In this study, potential candidate genes and signaling pathways related to IMF deposition in chicken leg muscle tissue were characterized using gene expression profiling of both 7-week-old SLD and normal chickens. A total of 173 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two breeds. Subsequently, 6 DEGs related to lipid metabolism or muscle development were verified in each breed based on gene ontology (GO) analysis. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs indicated that some of them (GHR, SOCS3, and IGF2BP3) participate in adipocytokine and insulin signaling pathways. To investigate the role of the above signaling pathways in IMF deposition, the gene expression of pathway factors and other downstream genes were measured by using qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Collectively, the results identified potential candidate genes related to IMF deposition and suggested that IMF deposition in skeletal muscle of SLD chicken is regulated partially by pathways of adipocytokine and insulin and other downstream signaling pathways (TGF- β /SMAD3 and Wnt/catenin- β pathway).
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84
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Bertechini A, Mazzuco H, Rodrigues E, Ramos E. Study of the utilization of light egg-type males: A proposal for the sustainability of the egg industry. Poult Sci 2014; 93:755-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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85
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Petracci M, Sirri F, Mazzoni M, Meluzzi A. Comparison of breast muscle traits and meat quality characteristics in 2 commercial chicken hybrids. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2438-47. [PMID: 23960128 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A trial was conducted to compare muscle traits and meat quality characteristics of the pectoralis muscle in 2 chicken commercial hybrids having standard (SBY) and high breast yield (HBY), respectively. A total of 2,124 one-day-old male chicks, equally divided into 2 experimental groups represented by strains (SBY and HBY), were grown using homogenous conditions and fed the same standard diets until reaching live weight of 4.2 kg at 53 and 55 d for the SBY and HBY groups, respectively. Thirty-six birds per each genotype were randomly selected, and their pectoralis major muscles were used to assess meat quality properties (color attributes, pH, drip loss, cook loss, Allo-Kramer shear values after cooking, moisture, proteins, total lipids, and ashes) as well as histological traits (cross-sectional area, frequency of abnormal fibers, and intramuscular fat infiltration). As expected, HBY genotype had higher breast yield (31.0 vs. 30.0%; P ≤ 0.05). Histological evaluations showed that HBY pectoralis muscles had higher cross-sectional fiber area coupled with a dramatically higher (P ≤ 0.001) incidence of abnormal fibers and more abundant infiltration of intramuscular fat. Moreover, histopathological anomalous features such as central nuclei, proliferation of endomysial and perimysial collagen, inflammatory infiltrate, and necrosis of the fibers were also observed. As for meat quality, SBY hybrid showed lower ultimate pH values (5.97 vs. 6.07; P ≤ 0.01), whereas overall color parameters were not affected by genotype. Breast meat from the HBY genotype also exhibited significantly lower ability to retain liquid during refrigerated storage (drip loss, 2.46 vs. 2.06%; P ≤ 0.05) and cooking (26.2 vs. 21.1%; P ≤ 0.05) as well as higher shear-force values (2.59 vs. 2.11 kg/g; P ≤ 0.001). Finally, with regard to chemical composition, significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were detected in protein (22.8 vs. 23.5%) and lipid (1.65 vs. 1.82%) contents, which were significantly lower in the HBY hybrid, whereas moisture content tended (P = 0.07) to be inferior in the SBY hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Petracci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
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86
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Wang XQ, Chen X, Tan HZ, Zhang DX, Zhang HJ, Wei S, Yan HC. Nutrient density and slaughter age have differential effects on carcase performance, muscle and meat quality in fast and slow growing broiler genotypes. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:50-61. [PMID: 23444854 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.745927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
1. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to investigate the differences in carcase, muscle and meat characteristics between fast and slow growing genotypes fed on low nutrient (LND) or high nutrient diets (HND) at their respective slaughter ages. 2. The birds were randomly assigned to treatments with 5 replicates of 145 birds for Wens Yellow-Feathered Chicken (WYFC, 5·75 birds/m(2)) or 115 birds for White Recessive Rock Chicken (WRRC, 7·25 birds/m(2)), according to the commercial recommendations for the two breeds and were fed on HND or LND. Birds were slaughtered at 63 d and 105 d of age. 3. The results showed WRRC had higher carcase yield and meat yield than that of WYFC, lower fat content, higher moisture content and lower cooking loss. The meat from WRRC was less tender and contained lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). 4. Birds fed on HND had higher breast meat yield, myofiber area and protein content in the breast muscle and lower fat content than birds fed on LND. The thigh muscle of birds fed on HND had higher levels of PUFA. Age had a positive effect on carcase parameters, but a negative effect on pH, meat tenderness and cooking loss, and the two genotypes exhibited different responses to the influence of nutrient density and age. 5. Genotype and age had the largest effect on carcase performance and meat quality. LND benefited meat quality and WRRC had larger responses in meat yield and shear force when fed on HND.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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87
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Narinc D, Aksoy T, Karaman E, Aygun A, Firat MZ, Uslu MK. Japanese quail meat quality: characteristics, heritabilities, and genetic correlations with some slaughter traits. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1735-44. [PMID: 23776259 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic parameters of several breast meat quality traits and their genetic relationships with some slaughter traits [BW, breast yield (BRY), and abdominal fat yield (AFY)]. In total, 1,093 pedigreed quail were slaughtered at 35 d of age to measure BRY, AFY, and breast meat quality traits [ultimate pH (pHU), Commission Internationale d'Eclairage color parameters (L*, lightness; a*, redness; and b*, yellowness), thawing and cooking loss (TL and CL, respectively), and Warner-Bratzler shear value (WB)]. The average pHU, L*, a*, and b* were determined to be 5.94, 43.09, 19.24, and 7.74, respectively. In addition, a very high WB average (7.75 kg) indicated the firmness of breast meat. High heritabilities were estimated for BW, BRY, and AFY (0.51, 0.49, and 0.35). Genetic correlations of BW between BRY and AFY were found to be high (0.32 and 0.58). On the other hand, the moderate negative relationship between BRY and AFY (-0.24) implies that selection for breast yield should not increase abdominal fat. The pHU was found to be the most heritable trait (0.64), whereas the other meat quality traits showed heritabilities in the range of 0.39 to 0.48. Contrary to chickens, the genetic correlation between pHU and L* was low. The pHU exhibited a negative and high correlation with BW and AFY, whereas L* showed a positive but smaller relationship with these traits. Moreover, pHU exhibited high negative correlations (-0.43 and -0.62) with TL and WB, whereas L* showed a moderate relationship (0.24) with CL. This genetic study confirmed that the multi-trait selection could be used to improve meat quality traits. Further, the ultimate pH of breast meat is a relevant selection criterion due to its strong relationships with either water-holding capacity and texture or low abdominal fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Narinc
- Department of Animal Science, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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88
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Zanetti E, Masi A, Pivato M, Tolin S, Trentin AR, Guler C, Yalçin S, Cassandro M. A note on protein expression changes in chicken breast muscle in response to time in transit before slaughtering. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:34. [PMID: 23883180 PMCID: PMC3728074 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims of the research were to devise a proteome map of the chicken Pectoralis superficialis muscle, as resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and to characterize protein expression changes in the soluble protein fraction in commercial conditions due to age and to time in transit before slaughtering. Broilers were reared under commercial conditions until they reached a mean 1.8 kg and 36 d, or 2.6 kg and 46 d of age. Transport to the slaughterhouse took 90 or 220 minutes. Transport-induced stress was assessed from blood metabolites and leukocyte cell counts, revealing significant changes in albumin, glucose and triglyceride concentrations, in heterophils and leukocyte counts for chickens in transit for longer, and in glucose depending mainly on age. The sarcoplasmic protein fractions were extracted from a total of 39 breast muscle samples, collected 15 min post mortem, for analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Image and statistical analyses enabled us to study the qualitative and quantitative differences between the samples. Twelve up- or down-regulated protein spots were detected (P < 0.05): 8 related to the age effect, 2 to time in transit, and 2 to the interaction between the two. Age and time in transit influenced the avian proteome regulating the biological processes linked to the cellular housekeeping functions, related mainly to metabolism, cell division and control of apoptosis. Principal component analysis clustering was used to assess differences between birds. Age difference discriminated between the chickens analyzed better than time in transit, which seemed to have less general impact on the proteome fraction considered here. Isolating and identifying the proteins whose expression changes in response to transport duration and age shed some light on the biological mechanisms underlying growth and stress-related metabolism in chickens. Our results, combined with a further characterization of the chicken proteome associated with commercial chicken slaughtering management, will hopefully inspire alternative strategies and policies, and action to reduce the impact of stress related to time in transit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zanetti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy
| | - Micaela Pivato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy ; Padova University Proteomics Center, Via G. Orus 2b, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Serena Tolin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy ; Padova University Proteomics Center, Via G. Orus 2b, Padova 35129, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Trentin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy
| | - Cem Guler
- Animal Science Department, Ege University, Izmir TR-35100, Turkey
| | - Servet Yalçin
- Animal Science Department, Ege University, Izmir TR-35100, Turkey
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Padova, Legnaro 37020, Italy
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89
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Sun Y, Zhao G, Liu R, Zheng M, Hu Y, Wu D, Zhang L, Li P, Wen J. The identification of 14 new genes for meat quality traits in chicken using a genome-wide association study. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:458. [PMID: 23834466 PMCID: PMC3707761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Meat quality is an important economic trait in chickens. To identify loci and genes associated with meat quality traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of F2 populations derived from a local Chinese breed (Beijing-You chickens) and a commercial fast-growing broiler line (Cobb-Vantress). Results In the present study, 33 association signals were detected from the compressed mixed linear model (MLM) for 10 meat quality traits: dry matter in breast muscle (DMBr), dry matter in thigh muscle (DMTh), intramuscular fat content in breast muscle (IMFBr), meat color lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values, skin color L*, a* (redness) and b* values, abdominal fat weight (AbFW) and AbFW as a percentage of eviscerated weight (AbFP). Relative expressions of candidate genes identified near significant signals were compared using samples of chickens with High and Low phenotypic values. A total of 14 genes associated with IMFBr, meat color L*, AbFW, and AbFP, were differentially expressed between the High and Low phenotypic groups. These genes are, therefore, prospective candidate genes for meat quality traits: protein tyrosine kinase (TYRO3) and microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 (MGST1) for IMFBr; collagen, type I, alpha 2 (COL1A2) for meat color L*; and RET proto-oncogene (RET), natriuretic peptide B (NPPB) and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) for the abdominal fat (AbF) traits. Conclusions Based on the association signals and differential expression of nearby genes, 14 candidate loci and genes for IMFBr, meat L* and b* values, and AbF are identified. The results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying meat quality traits in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfa Sun
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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90
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Haščík P, Elimam IOE, Garlík J, Bobko M, Kročko M. Sensory evaluation for broiler meat after addition Slovak bee pollen in their feed mixture. POTRAVINARSTVO 2013. [DOI: 10.5219/280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the impact of Slovak bee pollen as supplement dietary in different doses (1000, 1500, 2500, 3500 and 4500 mg.kg-1 of feed mixture) on the sensory quality of broiler chickens. The study was carried out 180 one day-old chickens, which were divided into 6 groups (n=30). From each halves were separately sensory evaluated part from a thigh and breast. Samples of heat treated meat were evaluated by a 6 member semi-trained panel of laboratory co-workers. Panelists evaluate aroma, juiciness, taste and tenderness on 5 point hedonic scale where 1 (the worst) and 5 (the best) were the extremes of each characteristic. The values of aroma, taste, juiciness and tenderness in breast and thigh muscles were higher in experimental groups in compare to control. The bee pollen has a positive impact on the taste, aroma, juiciness and tenderness of chickens thighs and breasts. Although the value of shear force in chicken thigh was significantly highest in E2 samples, addition of bee pollen to the diet for broiler chickens had no significatly negative effect on the thigh tenderness. Baking losses, as the second technological parameter, were also not significantly affected by nutrition with bee pollen supplement.
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91
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Haščík P, Elimam IOE, Garlík J, Kačániová M, Čuboň J, Bobko M, Vavrišínová K, Arpášová H. The effect of bee pollen as dietary supplement on meat chemical composition for broiler Ross 308. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201361010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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92
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Zerehdaran S, Lotfi E, Rasouli Z. Genetic evaluation of meat quality traits and their correlation with growth and carcase composition in Japanese quail. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:756-62. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.746445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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93
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Yalçin S, Güler HC. Interaction of transport distance and body weight on preslaughter stress and breast meat quality of broilers. Br Poult Sci 2012; 53:175-82. [PMID: 22646782 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2012.677805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of transport distance on blood metabolites and breast meat quality of broilers slaughtered at different weights. 2. The study was conducted on Ross 308 broilers from 27 different flocks reared under similar conditions. Slaughter weight was classified as <2·0 kg, 2·0-2·4 kg, and >2·4 kg. Transport distance was categorised as short (65 km), medium (115 km) and long (165 km) distance representing 90, 155 and 220 minutes at an average 45 km/h speed, for each slaughter weight. 3. Higher heterophils and heterophil:lymphocyte (H/L) ratios were obtained for broilers transported over a long distance. Long distance transport increased blood albumin, glucose, and triglycerides levels for <2·0 kg broilers, which did not differ from broilers slaughtered at >2·4 kg after long-distance transport. 4. Broilers slaughtered at >2·4 kg after long-distance transport had lower pH(u), and paler and tougher breast meat, than those broilers slaughtered at <2·0 kg after long-distance transport. 5. A negative correlation was obtained between pH(u) and L*, thawing loss and texture. The L* value was negatively correlated with a*; and positively correlated with b*, thawing and cooking losses. 6. It was concluded that the effect of transport distance could not be evaluated independently of slaughter weight. The interaction between transport distance and slaughter weight contributes to preslaughter stress and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yalçin
- Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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94
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Aslam ML, Bastiaansen JWM, Elferink MG, Megens HJ, Crooijmans RPMA, Blomberg LA, Fleischer RC, Van Tassell CP, Sonstegard TS, Schroeder SG, Groenen MAM, Long JA. Whole genome SNP discovery and analysis of genetic diversity in Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). BMC Genomics 2012; 13:391. [PMID: 22891612 PMCID: PMC3496629 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) is an important agricultural species and the second largest contributor to the world’s poultry meat production. Genetic improvement is attributed largely to selective breeding programs that rely on highly heritable phenotypic traits, such as body size and breast muscle development. Commercial breeding with small effective population sizes and epistasis can result in loss of genetic diversity, which in turn can lead to reduced individual fitness and reduced response to selection. The presence of genomic diversity in domestic livestock species therefore, is of great importance and a prerequisite for rapid and accurate genetic improvement of selected breeds in various environments, as well as to facilitate rapid adaptation to potential changes in breeding goals. Genomic selection requires a large number of genetic markers such as e.g. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) the most abundant source of genetic variation within the genome. Results Alignment of next generation sequencing data of 32 individual turkeys from different populations was used for the discovery of 5.49 million SNPs, which subsequently were used for the analysis of genetic diversity among the different populations. All of the commercial lines branched from a single node relative to the heritage varieties and the South Mexican turkey population. Heterozygosity of all individuals from the different turkey populations ranged from 0.17-2.73 SNPs/Kb, while heterozygosity of populations ranged from 0.73-1.64 SNPs/Kb. The average frequency of heterozygous SNPs in individual turkeys was 1.07 SNPs/Kb. Five genomic regions with very low nucleotide variation were identified in domestic turkeys that showed state of fixation towards alleles different than wild alleles. Conclusion The turkey genome is much less diverse with a relatively low frequency of heterozygous SNPs as compared to other livestock species like chicken and pig. The whole genome SNP discovery study in turkey resulted in the detection of 5.49 million putative SNPs compared to the reference genome. All commercial lines appear to share a common origin. Presence of different alleles/haplotypes in the SM population highlights that specific haplotypes have been selected in the modern domesticated turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad L Aslam
- Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, 6708WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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95
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Zhuang H, Savage E. Effects of fillet weight on sensory descriptive flavor and texture profiles of broiler breast meat. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1695-702. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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96
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Cui HX, Liu RR, Zhao GP, Zheng MQ, Chen JL, Wen J. Identification of differentially expressed genes and pathways for intramuscular fat deposition in pectoralis major tissues of fast-and slow-growing chickens. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:213. [PMID: 22646994 PMCID: PMC3420248 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the important factors influencing meat quality, however, for chickens, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying this trait have not yet been determined. In this study, a systematic identification of candidate genes and new pathways related to IMF deposition in chicken breast tissue has been made using gene expression profiles of two distinct breeds: Beijing-you (BJY), a slow-growing Chinese breed possessing high meat quality and Arbor Acres (AA), a commercial fast-growing broiler line. Results Agilent cDNA microarray analyses were conducted to determine gene expression profiles of breast muscle sampled at different developmental stages of BJY and AA chickens. Relative to d 1 when there is no detectable IMF, breast muscle at d 21, d 42, d 90 and d 120 (only for BJY) contained 1310 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BJY and 1080 DEGs in AA. Of these, 34–70 DEGs related to lipid metabolism or muscle development processes were examined further in each breed based on Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. The expression of several DEGs was correlated, positively or negatively, with the changing patterns of lipid content or breast weight across the ages sampled, indicating that those genes may play key roles in these developmental processes. In addition, based on KEGG pathway analysis of DEGs in both BJY and AA chickens, it was found that in addition to pathways affecting lipid metabolism (pathways for MAPK & PPAR signaling), cell junction-related pathways (tight junction, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton), which play a prominent role in maintaining the integrity of tissues, could contribute to the IMF deposition. Conclusion The results of this study identified potential candidate genes associated with chicken IMF deposition and imply that IMF deposition in chicken breast muscle is regulated and mediated not only by genes and pathways related to lipid metabolism and muscle development, but also by others involved in cell junctions. These findings establish the groundwork and provide new clues for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying IMF deposition in poultry. Further studies at the translational and posttranslational level are now required to validate the genes and pathways identified here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xian Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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97
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Effect of fast-, medium- and slow-growing strains on meat quality of chickens reared under the organic farming method. Animal 2012; 5:312-9. [PMID: 22440776 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111000176x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of meat quality, chemical and fatty acid composition, from fast-growing (FG) and medium-growing (MG) meat-type and slow-growing (SG) egg-type chickens reared under organic conditions were compared. Three-hundred and sixty 1-day-old male chicks, equally divided into three experimental groups represented by strains (FG: Cobb 700, MG: Naked neck Kabir and SG: Brown Classic Lohman) were housed into three poultry houses with outdoor pasture availability of 10 m(2)/bird located in the same Research Centre of the University of Perugia. All the birds were fed ad libitum the same diets formulated according to the European Union (EU) Regulations by using organic raw materials. Birds from the FG and MG groups were raised until 81 days, whereas birds from the SG group were raised until 96 days in order to achieve an acceptable market live weight. SG birds showed significantly (P < 0.01) higher breast meat drip and cook losses, Allo-Kramer shear values and collagen content. In comparison with FG and SG, MG exhibited a higher breast meat pH (5.86% v. 5.79% and 5.78%, respectively; P < 0.01) and a lower lightness (54.88% v. 57.81% and 56.98%, respectively; P < 0.05). Genotype dramatically affected the lipid content as well as the fatty acid composition of both breast and thigh meat. SG exhibited the lowest content of lipid, both in breast and in thigh meat, the lowest proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and the highest proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The total n-3 PUFA of SG breast meat was double that of FG meat and intermediate with respect to MG birds (8.07% v. 4.07% v. 5.14% total fatty acids; P < 0.01). The fatty acid composition of thigh meat is similar to that of breast meat, but the differences among genotypes are less pronounced. Total saturated fatty acids were not affected by the genotype. In conclusion, meat functional properties of FG and MG strains appeared much more attractive both for industry and consumer (lower drip and cook losses and higher tenderness), whereas from a nutritional point of view, meat from SG appeared healthier (less fat and higher content of n-3 PUFA) and thus might better fit with the consumer's expectations of organic products.
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98
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Kuttappan V, Lee Y, Erf G, Meullenet JF, McKee S, Owens C. Consumer acceptance of visual appearance of broiler breast meat with varying degrees of white striping. Poult Sci 2012; 91:1240-7. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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99
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Souza X, Faria P, Bressan M. Qualidade da carne de frangos caipiras abatidos em diferentes idades. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352012000200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neste trabalho, foram avaliadas as características físico-químicas e de composição centesimal da carne de frangos machos de três linhagens utilizadas para criação semi-intensiva: Redbro Cou Nu - Vermelho de Pescoço Pelado (Pescoço Pelado); Redbro Plumé - Vermelho de Pescoço Emplumado (Pesadão) e Gris Barre Plumé (Carijó). Foram analisadas diferenças em relação à linhagem e à idade de abate (70, 85 e 110 dias). Na carne do peito, não foi verificado efeito de linhagem sobre os parâmetros de cor (L*, a* e b*) e pH final. Houve comportamento diferenciado para as aves em relação a qualidade da carne do peito, com menores valores de maciez para linhagem Pesadão e de Perda de Peso por Cozimento para linhagem Carijó. A linhagem Carijó apresentou, para a carne de peito aos 110 dias, os menores valores de umidade e as maiores médias de proteína. Os valores de proteina reduziram para linhagem Pescoço Pelado a partir de 85 dias. Na coxa, a partir de 110 dias, foi verificada redução dos valores de L* (luminosidade) e aumento das médias de a* (vermelho). Os valores de força de cisalhamento e extrato etéreo aumentaram para peito e coxa a partir dos 110 dias. As linhagens Pesadão e Pescoço Pelado apresentaram de forma geral, melhores aspectos físico-quimicos, que são os atributos de maior preferência pelo consumidor em função deste tipo de produto.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M.C. Bressan
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária, Portugal
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100
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Haščík P, Elimam IOE, Garlík J, Kačániová M, Bobko M, Kňazovická V, Vavrišinová K, Arpášová H, Bučko O. Chemical composition of muscle after pollen application in nutrition of broiler chickens. POTRAVINARSTVO 2012. [DOI: 10.5219/190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Principle purpose of this study was to monitor the chemical composition of breast and thigh muscular part of chickens of hybrid combination Ross 308 and to verify the differences due to use of pollen extract in feed mixture at a dose of 400 and 800 mg.kg-1 during the feeding of 42 days. We did not find significant differences (P≥0.05) in followed chemical compounds of thigh muscle with the skin and subcutaneous fat between the groups with and without application of pollen extract: in contents of water (68.49-70.12 g.100g-1), protein (18.82-18.98 g.100g-1), fat (9.96-11.53 g.100g-1) and in energy value (692.20-752.36 kJ.100g-1). Significant differences (P≤0.05) were found only in protein content of breast muscle between the control group (23.96 g.100g-1) and experimental group I (23.28 g.100g-1). Values of water content (73.97-74.32 g.100g-1), fat content (1.07-1.40 g.100g-1) and energy (441.65-446.64 kJ.100g-1) in breast muscle between the evaluated groups were balanced (P≥0.05). The results show that pollen extract at the concentration used in feed mixture did not effect basic chemical composition of the most valuable parts of the chicken Ross 308 carcass and we can apply it in their nutrition. Application at a dose of 800 mg.kg-1 seems to be more positive.
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