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Swain JE, Kim P, Spicer J, Ho SS, Dayton CJ, Elmadih A, Abel KM. Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers. Brain Res 2014; 1580:78-101. [PMID: 24637261 PMCID: PMC4157077 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain networks that govern parental response to infant signals have been studied with imaging techniques over the last 15 years. The complex interaction of thoughts and behaviors required for sensitive parenting enables the formation of each individual's first social bonds and critically shapes development. This review concentrates on magnetic resonance imaging experiments which directly examine the brain systems involved in parental responses to infant cues. First, we introduce themes in the literature on parental brain circuits studied to date. Next, we present a thorough chronological review of state-of-the-art fMRI studies that probe the parental brain with a range of baby audio and visual stimuli. We also highlight the putative role of oxytocin and effects of psychopathology, as well as the most recent work on the paternal brain. Taken together, a new model emerges in which we propose that cortico-limbic networks interact to support parental brain responses to infants. These include circuitry for arousal/salience/motivation/reward, reflexive/instrumental caring, emotion response/regulation and integrative/complex cognitive processing. Maternal sensitivity and the quality of caregiving behavior are likely determined by the responsiveness of these circuits during early parent-infant experiences. The function of these circuits is modifiable by current and early-life experiences, hormonal and other factors. Severe deviation from the range of normal function in these systems is particularly associated with (maternal) mental illnesses - commonly, depression and anxiety, but also schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Finally, we discuss the limits and extent to which brain imaging may broaden our understanding of the parental brain given our current model. Developments in the understanding of the parental brain may have profound implications for long-term outcomes in families across risk, resilience and possible interventions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Oxytocin and Social Behav.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA; Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, USA.
| | - P Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, USA
| | - J Spicer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, USA
| | - S S Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA
| | - C J Dayton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA; School of Social Work, Wayne State University, USA
| | - A Elmadih
- Centre for Women׳s Mental Health, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - K M Abel
- Centre for Women׳s Mental Health, Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, UK
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Moser DA, Aue T, Suardi F, Kutlikova H, Cordero MI, Rossignol AS, Favez N, Rusconi Serpa S, Schechter DS. Violence-related PTSD and neural activation when seeing emotionally charged male-female interactions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 10:645-53. [PMID: 25062841 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that involves impaired regulation of the fear response to traumatic reminders. This study tested how women with male-perpetrated interpersonal violence-related PTSD (IPV-PTSD) differed in their brain activation from healthy controls (HC) when exposed to scenes of male-female interaction of differing emotional content. Sixteen women with symptoms of IPV-PTSD and 19 HC participated in this study. During magnetic resonance imaging, participants watched a stimulus protocol of 23 different 20 s silent epochs of male-female interactions taken from feature films, which were neutral, menacing or prosocial. IPV-PTSD participants compared with HC showed (i) greater dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activation in response to menacing vs prosocial scenes and (ii) greater anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), right hippocampus activation and lower ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activty in response to emotional vs neutral scenes. The fact that IPV-PTSD participants compared with HC showed lower activity of the ventral ACC during emotionally charged scenes regardless of the valence of the scenes suggests that impaired social perception among IPV-PTSD patients transcends menacing contexts and generalizes to a wider variety of emotionally charged male-female interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik A Moser
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Aue
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Suardi
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hana Kutlikova
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria I Cordero
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ana Sancho Rossignol
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Favez
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Rusconi Serpa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Schechter
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland, Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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