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Wang P, Cui Y, Wang J, Liu D, Tian Y, Liu K, Wang X, Liu L, He Y, Pei Y, Li L, Sun L, Zhu Z, Chang D, Jia J, You H. Mesenchymal stem cells protect against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity by secreting regenerative cytokine hepatocyte growth factor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:94. [PMID: 35246254 PMCID: PMC8895877 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a major cause of the morbidity of acute liver failure. The current clinically approved treatment for APAP poisoning, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), has a limited therapeutic window, and prolonged treatment with NAC delays liver regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also have therapeutic effects on APAP-induced mouse liver failure, but whether the effects are comparable to those of NAC has not been determined, and the mechanism still needs further exploration. METHODS Fasted C57BL/6 mice that received 500 mg/kg APAP were treated intravenously with 300 mg/kg NAC or different amounts of MSCs at 2 h after APAP to investigate survival, hepatocyte necrosis and neutrophil/macrophage recruitment. In vitro co-culture was performed to study the anti-necrotic effects of MSCs on the APAP-injured hepatocyte cell line L-O2. RESULTS MSCs dose-dependently rescued the C57BL/6J mice from APAP-induced liver failure, with 87.5% of MSCs (1 × 106) surviving similar to that of NAC (90%). MSC has similar effects on reduced hepatocyte necrosis and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) infiltration but enhanced the proportion of regenerative monocytic MDSC when compared to NAC. Mechanistically, MSCs attenuate hepatocyte necrosis by secreting hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). When HGF was knocked down, the protective effects of MSCs were reduced on APAP-induced hepatocyte necrosis and mouse liver failure. CONCLUSIONS MSCs are comparable to NAC against APAP-induced liver failure by secreting HGF with less regenerative retardation concerns, thus facilitating the application of MSCs in clinical therapy for APAP liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jing Wang
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu He
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yufeng Pei
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liying Sun
- Division of Liver Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhijun Zhu
- Division of Liver Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Dehua Chang
- Department of Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Henriques-Pons A, Beghini DG, Silva VDS, Iwao Horita S, da Silva FAB. Pulmonary Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mild Cases of COVID-19 Are Dedicated to Proliferation; In Severe Cases, They Control Inflammation, Make Cell Dispersion, and Tissue Regeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 12:780900. [PMID: 35095855 PMCID: PMC8793136 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells present in virtually all tissues; they have potent self-renewal capacity and differentiate into multiple cell types. For many reasons, these cells are a promising therapeutic alternative to treat patients with severe COVID-19 and pulmonary post-COVID sequelae. These cells are not only essential for tissue regeneration; they can also alter the pulmonary environment through the paracrine secretion of several mediators. They can control or promote inflammation, induce other stem cells differentiation, restrain the virus load, and much more. In this work, we performed single-cell RNA-seq data analysis of MSCs in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from control individuals and COVID-19 patients with mild and severe clinical conditions. When we compared samples from mild cases with control individuals, most genes transcriptionally upregulated in COVID-19 were involved in cell proliferation. However, a new set of genes with distinct biological functions was upregulated when we compared severely affected with mild COVID-19 patients. In this analysis, the cells upregulated genes related to cell dispersion/migration and induced the γ-activated sequence (GAS) genes, probably triggered by IFNGR1 and IFNGR2. Then, IRF-1 was upregulated, one of the GAS target genes, leading to the interferon-stimulated response (ISR) and the overexpression of many signature target genes. The MSCs also upregulated genes involved in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, virus control, cell chemotaxis, and used the cytoplasmic RNA danger sensors RIG-1, MDA5, and PKR. In a non-comparative analysis, we observed that MSCs from severe cases do not express many NF-κB upstream receptors, such as Toll-like (TLRs) TLR-3, -7, and -8; tumor necrosis factor (TNFR1 or TNFR2), RANK, CD40, and IL-1R1. Indeed, many NF-κB inhibitors were upregulated, including PPP2CB, OPTN, NFKBIA, and FHL2, suggesting that MSCs do not play a role in the "cytokine storm" observed. Therefore, lung MSCs in COVID-19 sense immune danger and act protectively in concert with the pulmonary environment, confirming their therapeutic potential in cell-based therapy for COVID-19. The transcription of MSCs senescence markers is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gois Beghini
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Iwao Horita
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Chen R, Hao Z, Wang Y, Zhu H, Hu Y, Chen T, Zhang P, Li J. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Immune Cell Interaction and Related Modulations for Bone Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7153584. [PMID: 35154331 PMCID: PMC8825274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7153584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical bone defects and related delayed union and nonunion are still worldwide problems to be solved. Bone tissue engineering is mainly aimed at achieving satisfactory bone reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells and can be used as one of the key pillars of bone tissue engineering. In recent decades, immune responses play an important role in bone regeneration. Innate immune responses provide a suitable inflammatory microenvironment for bone regeneration and initiate bone regeneration in the early stage of fracture repair. Adaptive immune responses maintain bone regeneration and bone remodeling. MSCs and immune cells regulate each other. All kinds of immune cells and secreted cytokines can regulate the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which have a strong immunomodulatory ability to these immune cells. This review mainly introduces the interaction between MSCs and immune cells on bone regeneration and its potential mechanism, and discusses the practical application in bone tissue engineering by modulating this kind of cell-to-cell crosstalk. Thus, an in-depth understanding of these principles of bone immunology can provide a new way for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhuowen Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yingkun Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215153, China
| | - Jingfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Hernaez-Estrada B, Gonzalez-Pujana A, Cuevas A, Izeta A, Spiller KL, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Human Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Lower Dermal Sheath as a Competitive Alternative for Immunomodulation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020253. [PMID: 35203464 PMCID: PMC8868584 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have unique immunomodulatory capacities. We investigated hair follicle-derived MSCs (HF-MSCs) from the dermal sheath, which are advantageous as an alternative source because of their relatively painless and minimally risky extraction procedure. These cells expressed neural markers upon isolation and maintained stemness for a minimum of 10 passages. Furthermore, HF-MSCs showed responsiveness to pro-inflammatory environments by expressing type-II major histocompatibility complex antigens (MHC)-II to a lesser extent than adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs). HF-MSCs effectively inhibited the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells equivalently to AT-MSCs. Additionally, HF-MSCs promoted the induction of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells to the same extent as AT-MSCs. Finally, HF-MSCs, more so than AT-MSCs, skewed M0 and M1 macrophages towards M2 phenotypes, with upregulation of typical M2 markers CD163 and CD206 and downregulation of M1 markers such as CD64, CD86, and MHC-II. Thus, we conclude that HF-MSCs are a promising source for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Hernaez-Estrada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.H.-E.); (K.L.S.)
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
| | - Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Ander Izeta
- Tissue Engineering Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Engineering, Tecnun-University of Navarra, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Kara L. Spiller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (B.H.-E.); (K.L.S.)
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.S.-V.); (R.M.H.); Tel.: +34-945-01-3093 (E.S.-V.); +34-945-01-3095 (R.M.H.)
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.S.-V.); (R.M.H.); Tel.: +34-945-01-3093 (E.S.-V.); +34-945-01-3095 (R.M.H.)
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy as a New Approach for the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 64:284-320. [PMID: 35031958 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an intractable autoimmune disease with unmet medical needs. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have modest efficacy and obvious side effects. Targeted therapies with small molecules and antibodies remain under investigation in small pilot studies. The major breakthrough was the development of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) to treat refractory SSc with rapidly progressive internal organ involvement. However, AHSCT is contraindicated in patients with advanced visceral involvement. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are characterized by immunosuppressive, antifibrotic and proangiogenic capabilities may be a promising alternative option for the treatment of SSc. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies on the use of MSCs to treat SSc are underway. However, there are several unresolved limitations and safety concerns of MSC transplantation, such as immune rejections and risks of tumour formation, respectively. Since the major therapeutic potential of MSCs has been ascribed to their paracrine signalling, the use of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/secretomes/exosomes as a "cell-free" therapy might be an alternative option to circumvent the limitations of MSC-based therapies. In the present review, we overview the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in SSc, focusing on progresses reported in preclinical and clinical studies using MSCs, as well as challenges and future directions of MSC transplantation as a treatment option for patients with SSc.
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[Mechanism of ring finger protein 11 regulating Akt signaling pathway to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2022; 36:102-110. [PMID: 35038807 PMCID: PMC8844614 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of ring finger protein 11 (RNF11) on Akt signaling pathway in the process of osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to provide ideas for further clarifying its osteogenesis mechanism and its use in clinical treatment in the future. METHODS BMSCs were isolated and cultured from fresh bone marrow of healthy donors and subcultured. The 4th generation cells were used in experiments after identification by flow cytometry, and osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic induction. BMSCs were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium for 0-14 days. The degree of osteogenic differentiation was detected by Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and the protein expression of RNF11 was detected by Western blot. The 4th generation BMSCs were divided into blank control group (group A), empty lentivirus (Lv-NC) group (group B), and knockdown RNF11 (Lv-ShRNF11) group (group C). Osteogenesis was induced and cultured for 0-14 days. The expression of RNF11 protein was detected by Western blot, the degree of osteogenic differentiation was detected by Alizarin red staining and ALP staining, and the relative mRNA expressions of Runx2, osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). The protein relative expressions of Akt, Smad1/5/8, and β-catenin signaling pathway were detected by Western blot, expressed as the ratio before and after phosphorylation. In order to study the effect mechanism of RNF11 on Akt signaling pathway, the 4th generation BMSCs were divided into Lv-NC transfection group (group A1), Lv-ShRNF11 transfection group (group B1), and Lv-ShRNF11 transfection supplemented with Akt signaling pathway activator SC79 group (group C1). The protein relative expressions of RNF11 and Akt signaling pathway were detected by Western blot, the related osteogenesis indexes were detected by Alizarin red staining, ALP staining, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS The flow cytometry, and osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic induction culture identification showed that the isolated and cultured cells were BMSCs. The protein relative expression of RNF11 increased gradually with the extension of osteogenic differentiation time ( P<0.05); after knockdown RNF11, Alizarin red and ALP stainings showed that the degree of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in group C were significantly lower than those in groups A and B, and qRT-PCR detection showed that the relative expression of Runx2, OCN, and OPN mRNA significantly decreased ( P<0.05). The protein relative expressions of RNF11 and Akt signaling pathway significantly increased with the extensions of osteogenic differentiation time ( P<0.05). After knockdown RNF11, the protein relative expression of Akt signaling pathway in group C was significantly lower than that in groups A and B ( P<0.05), while Smad1/5/8 and β-catenin signaling pathway had no significant effect ( P>0.05). Compared with group A1, the protein relative expression of RNF11 in groups B1 and C1 significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with groups A1 and C1, the protein relative expression of Akt signaling pathway in group B1 was significantly lower ( P<0.05); Alizarin red and ALP stainings showed that the degree of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in group C1 were slightly lower than that of group A1 ( P>0.05), but significantly higher than that of group B1 ( P<0.05); qRT-PCR detection showed that the relative expressions of Runx2, OCN, and OPN mRNA in group C1 were slightly lower than those of group A1 ( P>0.05), but were significantly higher than those of group B1 ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION RNF11 promotes the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts by positively regulating the activation level of Akt signaling pathway. RNF11 can be used as a potential target to improve the bone repair efficacy of BMSCs and treat bone metabolic diseases.
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Zheng S, Gao Y, Chen K, Liu Y, Xia N, Fang F. A Robust and Highly Efficient Approach for Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Wharton's Jelly for Tissue Repair. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221084354. [PMID: 35313748 PMCID: PMC8943591 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221084354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSCs) are emerging as promising therapeutics for a variety of diseases due to their ability of regeneration and immunomodulation, and their non-tumorigenic and non-immunogenic properties. Although multiple protocols have been developed for WJ-MSC isolation, insufficient cell numbers, heterogeneous cell population, and variations in procedures between different laboratories impede further clinical applications. Here, we compared six widely used WJ-MSC isolation methods regarding cell morphology, yield, purity, proliferation rate, and differentiation potential. Based on these analyses, we identified that the inefficiency of the extracellular matrix digestion results in low cell yield. Thus, we developed a new method called "Mince-Soak-Digest (MSD)" to isolate MSCs from WJ by incorporating a soaking step to facilitate the digestion of the extracellular matrix and release of the cells. Our newly developed method generates significantly higher cell yield (4- to 10-fold higher) than six widely used methods that we tested with high purity and consistency. Importantly, by transplantation of WJ-MSCs to the rat uterus, we repair the endometrial injury and restore the fertility of the rats. In conclusion, our results provide a robust and highly efficient approach for the isolation of WJ-MSCs to restore injured tissue. The higher efficiency of MSD assures the abundance of WJ-MSCs for clinical applications. Furthermore, the reliability of MSD contributes to the standardization of WJ-MSC isolation, which eliminates the discrepancies due to isolation procedures, thus facilitating the evaluation of the efficacy of WJ-MSCs across various human clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxia Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Anhui Tianlun Infertility Specialist Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Anhui Tianlun Infertility Specialist Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ninuo Xia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Meng F, Liao X, Chen H, Deng S, Wang L, Zhao M, Li H, Liu D, Gao G, Li H, Wang J. Bibliometric and visualization analysis of literature relating to diabetic erectile dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1091999. [PMID: 36568113 PMCID: PMC9780376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1091999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DMED) refers to erectile dysfunction secondary to diabetes. Erectile dysfunction is characterized by a persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual activity. METHODS Based on the Web of Science core collection database, we firstly analyzed the quantity and quality of publications in the field of DMED, secondly profiled the publishing groups in terms of country, institution, author's publication and cooperation network, and finally sorted out and summarized the hot topics of research. RESULTS From 2001 to 2022, a total of 1,403 articles relating to this topic were published in 359 journals. They represent the global research status, potential hotspots, and future research directions. The number of DMED-related publications and citations has steadily increased over the few past decades. Academic institutions from Europe and the United States have played a leading role in DMED research. The country, institution, journal, and author with the most publications were the United States (294), INHA University (39), the Journal of Sexual Medicine (156), and Ryu, Ji-Kan (29), respectively. The most common keywords were erectile dysfunction (796), men (256), diabetes (254), diabetes mellitus (239), prevalence (180), corpus cavernosum (171), dysfunction (155), mellitus (154), nitric-oxide synthase (153), and expression (140). The main keyword-based research topics and hotspots in the DMED field were oral sildenafil, smooth muscle relaxation, nitric oxide synthase, gene therapy, metabolic syndrome, cavernous nerve injury, stem cell, and penile prosthesis. DISCUSSION The terms oral sildenafil, smooth muscle relaxation, nitric oxide synthase, gene therapy, metabolic syndrome, cavernous nerve injury, stem cell, and penile prosthesis will be at the forefront of DMED-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchao Meng
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxing Liao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haimin Chen
- Department of Nephroendocrinology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Deng
- Department of Andrology, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Beijing Xuanwu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guojing Gao
- Urology Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haisong Li
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haisong Li, ; Jisheng Wang,
| | - Jisheng Wang
- Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haisong Li, ; Jisheng Wang,
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Wang Y, Ma D, Wu Z, Yang B, Li R, Zhao X, Yang H, Zhang L. Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatic diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:567. [PMID: 34753496 PMCID: PMC8579678 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from mesoderm during early development that are characterized by high self-renewal ability and multidirectional differentiation potential. These cells are present various tissues in the human body and can be cultured in vitro. Under specific conditions, MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, neuron-like cells, adipocytes and muscle cells and so on, therefore, have a great application value in cell replacement therapy and tissue repair. In recent years, the application of MSCs in rheumatic diseases has received increasing attention. On the one hand, MSCs have the ability to differentiate into bone and cartilage cells; on the other hand, these stem cells are also involved in immune regulation, resulting in the alleviation of inflammation and anti-fibrotic properties and the promotion of vascular repair, thus bringing new hope for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. This article reviews the clinical progress in MSC application for the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Zewen Wu
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Baoqi Yang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Rong Li
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Xingxing Zhao
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Helin Yang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, Shanxi, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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60
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Kapor S, Vukotić M, Subotički T, Đikić D, Mitrović Ajtić O, Radojković M, Čokić VP, Santibanez JF. Hydroxyurea Induces Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Senescence and Modifies Cell Functionality In Vitro. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111048. [PMID: 34834400 PMCID: PMC8619969 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antineoplastic agent that functions as an antimetabolite compound by inhibiting the ribonucleotide reductase. HU acts mainly as a cytostatic drug that through DNA replication stress may trigger a premature senescence-like cell phenotype, though its influence on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (BMMSC) functions has not elucidated yet. Our results indicate that HU inhibits the growth of human BMMSC alongside senescence-like changes in both morphology and replicative potential, provokes cell cycle arrest at the S phase without affecting cellular viability and induces the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and p16INK4. Moreover, HU-induced senescent BMMSC, although they did not change MSC markers expression, exhibited reduced capacity osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Conversely, HU treatment increased immunoregulatory functions of BMMSC compared with untreated cells and determined by T-cell proliferation. Interestingly, HU did not influence the capacity of BMMSC to induce monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Thus, these results suggest that HU improves the BMMSC functions on the T-cell inhibition and preserves their interaction with myeloid cell compartment. Mechanistically, BMMSC under HU treatment displayed a downregulation of mTOR and p38 MAPK signaling that may explain the reduced cell differentiation and increased immunomodulation activities. Together, the results obtained in this investigation suggest that HU by inducing senescence-like phenotype of BMMSC influences their cellular differentiation and immunoregulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Kapor
- Clinical Hospital Center “Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje”, Department of Hematology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Milica Vukotić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (D.Đ.); (O.M.A.); (V.P.Č.)
| | - Tijana Subotički
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (D.Đ.); (O.M.A.); (V.P.Č.)
| | - Dragoslava Đikić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (D.Đ.); (O.M.A.); (V.P.Č.)
| | - Olivera Mitrović Ajtić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (D.Đ.); (O.M.A.); (V.P.Č.)
| | - Milica Radojković
- Clinical Hospital Center “Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje”, Department of Hematology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (M.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan P. Čokić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (D.Đ.); (O.M.A.); (V.P.Č.)
| | - Juan F. Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.V.); (T.S.); (D.Đ.); (O.M.A.); (V.P.Č.)
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago 8370854, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2685-788; Fax: +381-11-2643-691
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61
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Kapor S, Vukotić M, Subotički T, Đikić D, Mitrović Ajtić O, Radojković M, Čokić VP, Santibanez JF. Hydroxyurea Induces Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Senescence and Modifies Cell Functionality In Vitro. J Pers Med 2021. [PMID: 34834400 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111048.pmid:34834400;pmcid:pmc8619969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is an antineoplastic agent that functions as an antimetabolite compound by inhibiting the ribonucleotide reductase. HU acts mainly as a cytostatic drug that through DNA replication stress may trigger a premature senescence-like cell phenotype, though its influence on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (BMMSC) functions has not elucidated yet. Our results indicate that HU inhibits the growth of human BMMSC alongside senescence-like changes in both morphology and replicative potential, provokes cell cycle arrest at the S phase without affecting cellular viability and induces the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and p16INK4. Moreover, HU-induced senescent BMMSC, although they did not change MSC markers expression, exhibited reduced capacity osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Conversely, HU treatment increased immunoregulatory functions of BMMSC compared with untreated cells and determined by T-cell proliferation. Interestingly, HU did not influence the capacity of BMMSC to induce monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Thus, these results suggest that HU improves the BMMSC functions on the T-cell inhibition and preserves their interaction with myeloid cell compartment. Mechanistically, BMMSC under HU treatment displayed a downregulation of mTOR and p38 MAPK signaling that may explain the reduced cell differentiation and increased immunomodulation activities. Together, the results obtained in this investigation suggest that HU by inducing senescence-like phenotype of BMMSC influences their cellular differentiation and immunoregulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Kapor
- Clinical Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Department of Hematology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Vukotić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Subotički
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragoslava Đikić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Mitrović Ajtić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Radojković
- Clinical Hospital Center "Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje", Department of Hematology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladan P Čokić
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Group for Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1780, Santiago 8370854, Chile
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62
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Fahy N, Palomares Cabeza V, Lolli A, Witte-Bouma J, Merino A, Ridwan Y, Wolvius EB, Hoogduijn MJ, Farrell E, Brama PAJ. Chondrogenically Primed Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Persist and Undergo Early Stages of Endochondral Ossification in an Immunocompetent Xenogeneic Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715267. [PMID: 34659205 PMCID: PMC8515138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches using progenitor cells such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) represent a promising strategy to regenerate bone. Previous work has demonstrated the potential of chondrogenically primed human MSCs to recapitulate the process of endochondral ossification and form mature bone in vivo, using immunodeficient xenogeneic models. To further the translation of such MSC-based approaches, additional investigation is required to understand the impact of interactions between human MSC constructs and host immune cells upon the success of MSC-mediated bone formation. Although human MSCs are considered hypoimmunogenic, the potential of chondrogenically primed human MSCs to induce immunogenic responses in vivo, as well as the efficacy of MSC-mediated ectopic bone formation in the presence of fully competent immune system, requires further elucidation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of chondrogenically primed human MSC constructs to persist and undergo the process of endochondral ossification in an immune competent xenogeneic model. Chondrogenically differentiated human MSC pellets were subcutaneously implanted to wild-type BALB/c mice and retrieved at 2 and 12 weeks post-implantation. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and classical/non-classical monocyte subsets were not altered in the peripheral blood of mice that received chondrogenic MSC constructs compared to sham-operated controls at 2 weeks post-surgery. However, MSC-implanted mice had significantly higher levels of serum total IgG compared to sham-operated mice at this timepoint. Flow cytometric analysis of retrieved MSC constructs identified the presence of T cells and macrophages at 2 and 12 weeks post-implantation, with low levels of immune cell infiltration to implanted MSC constructs detected by CD45 and CD3 immunohistochemical staining. Despite the presence of immune cells in the tissue, MSC constructs persisted in vivo and were not degraded/resorbed. Furthermore, constructs became mineralised, with longitudinal micro-computed tomography imaging revealing an increase in mineralised tissue volume from 4 weeks post-implantation until the experimental endpoint at 12 weeks. These findings indicate that chondrogenically differentiated human MSC pellets can persist and undergo early stages of endochondral ossification following subcutaneous implantation in an immunocompetent xenogeneic model. This scaffold-free model may be further extrapolated to provide mechanistic insight to osteoimmunological processes regulating bone regeneration and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fahy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virginia Palomares Cabeza
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Transplantation Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Lolli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Janneke Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ana Merino
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eppo B Wolvius
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A J Brama
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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63
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Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cells in Kidney Transplantation: Status Quo and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011188. [PMID: 34681848 PMCID: PMC8538841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation (KT) is the gold standard treatment of end-stage renal disease. Despite progressive advances in organ preservation, surgical technique, intensive care, and immunosuppression, long-term allograft survival has not significantly improved. Among the many peri-operative complications that can jeopardize transplant outcomes, ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) deserves special consideration as it is associated with delayed graft function, acute rejection, and premature transplant loss. Over the years, several strategies have been proposed to mitigate the impact of IRI and favor tolerance, with rather disappointing results. There is mounting evidence that adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs) possess specific characteristics that could help prevent, reduce, or reverse IRI. Immunomodulating and tolerogenic properties have also been suggested, thus leading to the development of ASC-based prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in pre-clinical and clinical models of renal IRI and allograft rejection. ASCs are copious, easy to harvest, and readily expandable in culture. Furthermore, ASCs can secrete extracellular vesicles (EV) which may act as powerful mediators of tissue repair and tolerance. In the present review, we discuss the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic opportunities offered by ASCs and ASC-derived EVs in the KT setting. Most relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies as well as actual limitations and future perspective are highlighted.
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64
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Parsons RF, Baquerizo A, Kirchner VA, Malek S, Desai CS, Schenk A, Finger EB, Brennan TV, Parekh KR, MacConmara M, Brayman K, Fair J, Wertheim JA. Challenges, highlights, and opportunities in cellular transplantation: A white paper of the current landscape. Am J Transplant 2021; 21:3225-3238. [PMID: 34212485 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although cellular transplantation remains a relatively small field compared to solid organ transplantation, the prospects for advancement in basic science and clinical care remain bountiful. In this review, notable historical events and the current landscape of the field of cellular transplantation are reviewed with an emphasis on islets (allo- and xeno-), hepatocytes (including bioartificial liver), adoptive regulatory immunotherapy, and stem cells (SCs, specifically endogenous organ-specific and mesenchymal). Also, the nascent but rapidly evolving field of three-dimensional bioprinting is highlighted, including its major processing steps and latest achievements. To reach its full potential where cellular transplants are a more viable alternative than solid organ transplants, fundamental change in how the field is regulated and advanced is needed. Greater public and private investment in the development of cellular transplantation is required. Furthermore, consistent with the call of multiple national transplant societies for allo-islet transplants, the oversight of cellular transplants should mirror that of solid organ transplants and not be classified under the unsustainable, outdated model that requires licensing as a drug with the Food and Drug Administration. Cellular transplantation has the potential to bring profound benefit through progress in bioengineering and regenerative medicine, limiting immunosuppression-related toxicity, and providing markedly reduced surgical morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald F Parsons
- Department of Surgery, Emory Transplant Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Angeles Baquerizo
- Scripps Center for Cell and Organ Transplantation, La Jolla, California
| | - Varvara A Kirchner
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sayeed Malek
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chirag S Desai
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Austin Schenk
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erik B Finger
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Todd V Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Transplant Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kalpaj R Parekh
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Malcolm MacConmara
- Division of Surgical Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kenneth Brayman
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jeffrey Fair
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jason A Wertheim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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65
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for the Treatment of Age-Related Musculoskeletal Frailty. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910542. [PMID: 34638883 PMCID: PMC8508885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Projected life expectancy continues to grow worldwide owing to the advancement of new treatments and technologies leading to rapid growth of geriatric population. Thus, age-associated diseases especially in the musculoskeletal system are becoming more common. Loss of bone (osteoporosis) and muscle (sarcopenia) mass are conditions whose prevalence is increasing because of the change in population distribution in the world towards an older mean age. The deterioration in the bone and muscle functions can cause severe disability and seriously affects the patients’ quality of life. Currently, there is no treatment to prevent and reverse age-related musculoskeletal frailty. Existing interventions are mainly to slow down and control the signs and symptoms. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising approach to attenuate age-related musculoskeletal frailty. This review compiles the present knowledge of the causes and changes of the musculoskeletal frailty and the potential of MSC transplantation as a regenerative therapy for age-related musculoskeletal frailty.
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66
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Matheakakis A, Batsali A, Papadaki HA, Pontikoglou CG. Therapeutic Implications of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles in Autoimmune Diseases: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10132. [PMID: 34576296 PMCID: PMC8468750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are perivascular multipotent stem cells originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) stroma and subsequently in virtually all vascularized tissues. Because of their ability to differentiate into various mesodermal lineages, their trophic properties, homing capacity, and immunomodulatory functions, MSCs have emerged as attractive candidates in tissue repair and treatment of autoimmune disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of MSCs may be primarily mediated via a number of paracrine-acting soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane-coated vesicles that are increasingly being acknowledged as playing a key role in intercellular communication via their capacity to carry and deliver their cargo, consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids to recipient cells. MSC-EVs recapitulate the functions of the cells they originate, including immunoregulatory effects but do not seem to be associated with the limitations and concerns of cell-based therapies, thereby emerging as an appealing alternative therapeutic option in immune-mediated disorders. In the present review, the biology of MSCs will be outlined and an overview of their immunomodulatory functions will be provided. In addition, current knowledge on the features of MSC-EVs and their immunoregulatory potential will be summarized. Finally, therapeutic applications of MSCs and MSC-EVs in autoimmune disorders will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos Matheakakis
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Charalampos G. Pontikoglou
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (A.M.); (H.A.P.)
- Haemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
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67
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Hezam K, Mo R, Wang C, Liu Y, Li Z. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Secretomes in Pneumonia. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:1153-1167. [PMID: 34493193 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210907115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that play crucial roles in the microenvironment of injured tissues. The potential therapeutics of MSCs have attracted extensive attention for several diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. MSC-extracellular vesicles have been isolated from MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) with similar functional effects as parent MSCs. The therapeutic role of MSCs can be achieved through the balance between the inflammatory and regenerative microenvironments. Clinical settings of MSCs and their extracellular vesicles remain promising for many diseases, such as ARDS and pneumonia. However, their clinical applications remain limited due to the cost of growing and storage facilities of MSCs with a lack of standardized MSC-CM. This review highlights the proposed role of MSCs in pulmonary diseases and discusses the recent advances of MSC application for pneumonia and other lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hezam
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin. China
| | - Rigen Mo
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin. China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin. China
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68
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Vaka R, Davis DR. State-of-play for cellular therapies in cardiac repair and regeneration. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1579-1588. [PMID: 34448513 PMCID: PMC9290630 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death around the world. For almost two decades, cell therapy has been proposed as a solution for heart disease. In this article, we report on the “state‐of‐play” of cellular therapies for cardiac repair and regeneration. We outline the progression of new ideas from the preclinical literature to ongoing clinical trials. Recent data supporting the mechanics and mechanisms of myogenic and paracrine therapies are evaluated in the context of long‐term cardiac engraftment. This discussion informs on promising new approaches to indicate future avenues for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramana Vaka
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Darryl R Davis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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69
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Xin WQ, Wei W, Pan YL, Cui BL, Yang XY, Bähr M, Doeppner TR. Modulating poststroke inflammatory mechanisms: Novel aspects of mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles and microglia. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1030-1048. [PMID: 34567423 PMCID: PMC8422926 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i8.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the pathological process of ischemic stroke, and systemic inflammation affects patient prognosis. As resident immune cells in the brain, microglia are significantly involved in immune defense and tissue repair under various pathological conditions, including cerebral ischemia. Although the differentiation of M1 and M2 microglia is certainly oversimplified, changing the activation state of microglia appears to be an intriguing therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemia. Recent evidence indicates that both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate inflammation and modify tissue repair under preclinical stroke conditions. However, the precise mechanisms of these signaling pathways, especially in the context of the mutual interaction between MSCs or MSC-derived EVs and resident microglia, have not been sufficiently unveiled. Hence, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on MSC- and MSC-EV-mediated regulation of microglial activity under ischemic stroke conditions with respect to various signaling pathways, including cytokines, neurotrophic factors, transcription factors, and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Yong-Li Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Bao-Long Cui
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
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Rajasingh S, Sigamani V, Selvam V, Gurusamy N, Kirankumar S, Vasanthan J, Rajasingh J. Comparative analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8904-8919. [PMID: 34390186 PMCID: PMC8435459 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiation into mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (iMSCs) have created exciting source of cells for autologous therapy. In this study, we have compared the therapeutic potential of iMSCs generated from urinary epithelial (UE) cells with the available umbilical cord MSCs (UC‐MSCs). For this, adult UE cells were treated with the mRNA of pluripotent genes (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4, MYC and LIN28) and a cocktail of miRNAs under specific culture conditions for generating iPSCs. Our non‐viral and mRNA‐based treatment regimen demonstrated a high reprogramming efficiency to about 30% at passage 0. These UE‐iPSCs were successfully differentiated further into ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm lineage of cells. Moreover, these UE‐iPSCs were subsequently differentiated into iMSCs and were compared with the UC‐MSCs. These iMSCs were capable of differentiating into osteocytes, chondrocytes and adipocytes. Our qRT‐PCR and Western blot data showed that the CD73, CD90 and CD105 gene transcripts and proteins were highly expressed in iMSCs and UC‐MSCs but not in other cells. The comparative qRT‐PCR data showed that the iMSCs maintained their MSC characteristics without any chromosomal abnormalities even at later passages (P15), during which the UC‐MSCs started losing their MSC characteristics. Importantly, the wound‐healing property demonstrated through migration assay was superior in iMSCs when compared to the UC‐MSCs. In this study, we have demonstrated an excellent non‐invasive and pain‐free method of obtaining iMSCs for regenerative therapy. These homogeneous autologous highly proliferative iMSCs may provide an alternative source of cells to UC‐MSCs for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vinoth Sigamani
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Vijay Selvam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shivaani Kirankumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Jayavardini Vasanthan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Medicine-Cardiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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71
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In vitro-derived insulin-producing cells modulate Th1 immune responses and induce IL-10 in streptozotocin-induced mouse model of pancreatic insulitis. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021; 20:376-382. [PMID: 33879406 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulitis is defined by the presence of immune cells infiltrating in the pancreatic islets that might progress into the complete β-cell loss. The immunomodulatory properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have attracted much attention. This study aimed to evaluate the possible immunomodulatory effects of rat BM-MSCs and MSCs-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in a mouse model of pancreatic insulitis. METHODS Insulitis was induced in BALB/c mice using five consecutive doses of streptozotocin. MSCs or IPCs were directly injected into the pancreas of mice and their effects on the expression of Th subsets-related genes were evaluated. RESULTS Both BM-MSCs and IPCs significantly reduced the expression of pancreatic Th1-related IFN-γ (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) and T-bet genes (both P < 0.001). Moreover, the expression of IL-10 gene was significantly increased in IPC-treated compared to BM-MSC- or PBS-treated mice (P < 0.001 both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS BM-MSCs and IPCs could successfully suppress pathologic Th1 immune responses in the mouse model of insulitis. However, the marked increase in IL-10 gene expression by IPCs compared to BM-MSCs suggests that their simultaneous use at the initial phase of autoimmune diabetes might be a better option to reduce inflammation but these results need to be verified by further experiments.
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72
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Nair S, Rocha‐Ferreira E, Fleiss B, Nijboer CH, Gressens P, Mallard C, Hagberg H. Neuroprotection offered by mesenchymal stem cells in perinatal brain injury: Role of mitochondria, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species. J Neurochem 2021; 158:59-73. [PMID: 33314066 PMCID: PMC8359360 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells have a positive effect in perinatal brain injury models. The mechanisms that cause these neurotherapeutic effects are not entirely intelligible. Mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species are considered to be critically involved in the development of injury. Mesenchymal stem cells have immunomodulatory action and exert mitoprotective effects which attenuate production of reactive oxygen species and promote restoration of tissue function and metabolism after perinatal insults. This review summarizes the present state, the underlying causes, challenges and possibilities for effective clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Nair
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Eridan Rocha‐Ferreira
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Bobbi Fleiss
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderotParisFrance
| | - Cora H Nijboer
- Department for Developmental Origins of DiseaseUniversity Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center and Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | | | - Carina Mallard
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Hagberg
- Centre of Perinatal Medicine and Health, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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73
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Sharma A, Chakraborty A, Jaganathan BG. Review of the potential of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of infectious diseases. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:568-593. [PMID: 34249228 PMCID: PMC8246252 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i6.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic value of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of infectious diseases and the repair of disease-induced tissue damage has been explored extensively. MSCs inhibit inflammation, reduce pathogen load and tissue damage encountered during infectious diseases through the secretion of antimicrobial factors for pathogen clearance and they phagocytose certain bacteria themselves. MSCs dampen tissue damage during infection by downregulating the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting the excessive recruitment of neutrophils and proliferation of T cells at the site of injury. MSCs aid in the regeneration of damaged tissue by differentiating into the damaged cell types or by releasing paracrine factors that direct tissue regeneration, differentiation, and wound healing. In this review, we discuss in detail the various mechanisms by which MSCs help combat pathogens, tissue damage associated with infectious diseases, and challenges in utilizing MSCs for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Anuja Chakraborty
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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74
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Kapor S, Santibanez JF. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Myeloid Malignancies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2788. [PMID: 34202907 PMCID: PMC8268878 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies arise from an altered hematopoietic stem cell and mainly comprise acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative malignancies, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Myeloid neoplastic leukemic cells may influence the growth and differentiation of other hematopoietic cell lineages in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display immunoregulatory properties by controlling the innate and adaptive immune systems that may induce a tolerant and supportive microenvironment for neoplasm development. This review analyzes the main features of MDSCs and MSCs in myeloid malignancies. The number of MDSCs is elevated in myeloid malignancies exhibiting high immunosuppressive capacities, whereas MSCs, in addition to their immunosuppression contribution, regulate myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, MSCs may promote MDSC expansion, which may mutually contribute to the creation of an immuno-tolerant neoplasm microenvironment. Understanding the implication of MDSCs and MSCs in myeloid malignancies may favor their potential use in immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suncica Kapor
- Clinical Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje”, Department of Hematology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F. Santibanez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, 8370993 Santiago, Chile
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75
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Rong X, Zhang G, Yang Y, Gao C, Chu W, Sun H, Wang Y, Li C. Transplanted Antler Stem Cells Stimulated Regenerative Healing of Radiation-induced Cutaneous Wounds in Rats. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720951549. [PMID: 32907381 PMCID: PMC7784515 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720951549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced cutaneous injury is the main side effect of radiotherapy. The injury is difficult to cure and the pathogenesis is complex. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) serve as a promising candidate for cell-based therapy for the treatment of cutaneous wounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether antler stem cells (AnSCs) have better therapeutic effects on radiation-induced cutaneous injury than currently available ones. In this study, a rat model of cutaneous wound injury from Sr-90 radiation was used. AnSCs (1 × 106/500 μl) were injected through the tail vein on the first day of irradiation. Our results showed that compared to the control group, AnSC-treated rats exhibited a delayed onset (14 days versus 7 days), shorter recovery time (51 days versus 84 days), faster healing rate (100% versus 70% on day 71), and higher healing quality with more cutaneous appendages regenerated (21:10:7/per given area compared to those of rat and human MSCs, respectively). More importantly, AnSCs promoted much higher quality of healing compared to other types of stem cells, with negligible scar formation. AnSC lineage tracing results showed that the injected-dye-stained AnSCs were substantially engrafted in the wound healing tissue, indicating that the therapeutic effects of AnSCs on wound healing at least partially through direct participation in the wound healing. Expression profiling of the wound-healing-related genes in the healing tissue of AnSC group more resembled a fetal wound healing. Revealing the mechanism underlying this higher quality of wound healing by using AnSC treatment would help to devise more effective cell-based therapeutics for radiation-induced wound healing in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Rong
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chenmao Gao
- The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenhui Chu
- School of Life Science, 12629Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyi Li
- Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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76
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Kapor S, Santibanez JF. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Myeloid Malignancies. J Clin Med 2021. [PMID: 34202907 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132788.pmid:34202907;pmcid:pmc8268878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid malignancies arise from an altered hematopoietic stem cell and mainly comprise acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloproliferative malignancies, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Myeloid neoplastic leukemic cells may influence the growth and differentiation of other hematopoietic cell lineages in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) display immunoregulatory properties by controlling the innate and adaptive immune systems that may induce a tolerant and supportive microenvironment for neoplasm development. This review analyzes the main features of MDSCs and MSCs in myeloid malignancies. The number of MDSCs is elevated in myeloid malignancies exhibiting high immunosuppressive capacities, whereas MSCs, in addition to their immunosuppression contribution, regulate myeloid leukemia cell proliferation, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, MSCs may promote MDSC expansion, which may mutually contribute to the creation of an immuno-tolerant neoplasm microenvironment. Understanding the implication of MDSCs and MSCs in myeloid malignancies may favor their potential use in immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suncica Kapor
- Clinical Hospital Center "Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje", Department of Hematology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, 8370993 Santiago, Chile
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77
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Refaie AF, Elbassiouny BL, Kloc M, Sabek OM, Khater SM, Ismail AM, Mohamed RH, Ghoneim MA. From Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Insulin-Producing Cells: Immunological Considerations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690623. [PMID: 34248981 PMCID: PMC8262452 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been the subject matter of many studies over the past few decades. The wide availability, negligible teratogenic risks and differentiation potential of MSCs promise a therapeutic alternative to traditional exogenous insulin injections or pancreatic transplantation. However, conflicting arguments have been reported regarding the immunological profile of MSCs. While some studies support their immune-privileged, immunomodulatory status and successful use in the treatment of several immune-mediated diseases, others maintain that allogeneic MSCs trigger immune responses, especially following differentiation or in vivo transplantation. In this review, the intricate mechanisms by which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory functions and the influencing variables are critically addressed. Furthermore, proposed avenues to enhance these effects, including cytokine pretreatment, coadministration of mTOR inhibitors, the use of Tregs and gene manipulation, are presented. As an alternative, the selection of high-benefit, low-risk donors based on HLA matching, PD-L1 expression and the absence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are also discussed. Finally, the necessity for the transplantation of human MSC (hMSC)-derived insulin-producing cells (IPCs) into humanized mice is highlighted since this strategy may provide further insights into future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman F Refaie
- Nephrology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Malgorzata Kloc
- Department of Immunobiology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Cell and Microbiology Biology, Weill Cornell Medical Biology, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sherry M Khater
- Pathology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amani M Ismail
- Immunology Department, Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania H Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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78
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Kostadinova M, Mourdjeva M. Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Anti-Cancer Therapies. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:482-491. [PMID: 32148199 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200310171547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are localized throughout the adult body as a small population in the stroma of the tissue concerned. In injury, tissue damage, or tumor formation, they are activated and leave their niche to migrate to the site of injury, where they release a plethora of growth factors, cytokines, and other bioactive molecules. With the accumulation of data about the interaction between MSCs and tumor cells, the dualistic role of MSCs remains unclear. However, a large number of studies have demonstrated the natural anti-tumor properties inherent in MSCs, so this is the basis for intensive research for new methods using MSCs as a tool to suppress cancer cell development. This review focuses specifically on advanced approaches in modifying MSCs to become a powerful, precision- targeted tool for killing cancer cells, but not normal healthy cells. Suppression of tumor growth by MSCs can be accomplished by inducing apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, suppressing tumor angiogenesis, or blocking mechanisms mediating metastasis. In addition, the chemosensitivity of cancer cells may be increased so that the dose of the chemotherapeutic agent used could be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kostadinova
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tsarigradsko Shose, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Mourdjeva
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction "Acad. Kiril Bratanov", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 73 Tsarigradsko Shose, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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79
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Loo SJQ, Wong NK. Advantages and challenges of stem cell therapy for osteoarthritis (Review). Biomed Rep 2021; 15:67. [PMID: 34155451 PMCID: PMC8212446 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder of the cartilage and is one of the leading causes of disability, particularly amongst the elderly, wherein patients with advanced-stage OA experience chronic pain and functional impairment of the limbs, thus resulting in a significantly reduced quality of life. The currently available treatments primarily revolve around symptom management, and is thus palliative rather than curative. The aim of the present review is to briefly discuss the limitations of some of the currently available treatments for patients with OA, and highlight the value of the potential use of stem cells in cellular therapy, which is widely regarded as the breakthrough that can address the present unmet medical needs for treatment of degenerative diseases, such as OA. The advantages of stem cell therapy, particularly mesenchymal stem cells, and the challenges involved are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jyet Quan Loo
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nyet Kui Wong
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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80
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Soder RP, Dawn B, Weiss ML, Dunavin N, Weir S, Mitchell J, Li M, Shune L, Singh AK, Ganguly S, Morrison M, Abdelhakim H, Godwin AK, Abhyankar S, McGuirk J. A Phase I Study to Evaluate Two Doses of Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of De Novo High-Risk or Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft Versus Host Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:979-991. [PMID: 32740891 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of their well-described immunosuppressive properties, allogeneic adult human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) derived from bone marrow have demonstrated safety and efficacy in steroid refractory acute graft versus host disease (SR aGVHD). Clinical trials have resulted in variable success and an optimal source of MSC has yet to be defined. Based on the importance of maternal-fetal interface immune tolerance, extraembryonic fetal tissues, such as the umbilical cord, may provide an superior tissue source of MSC to mediate immunomodulation in aGVHD. METHODS A two-dose cohort trial allogeneic Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJMSC, referred to as MSCTC-0010, here) were tested in 10 patients with de novo high risk (HR) or SR aGVHD post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Following Good Manufacturing Practices isolation, expansion and cryostorage, WJMSC were thawed and administered via intravenous infusions on days 0 and 7 at one of two doses (low dose cohort, 2 × 106/kg, n = 5; high dose cohort, 10 × 106/kg, n = 5). To evaluate safety, patients were monitored for infusion related toxicity, Treatment Related Adverse Events (TRAE) til day 42, or ectopic tissue formation at day 90. Clinical responses were monitored at time points up to 180 days post infusion. Serum biomarkers ST2 and REG3α were acquired 1 day prior to first MSCTC-0010 infusion and on day 14. RESULTS Safety was indicated, e.g., no infusion-related toxicity, no development of TRAE, nor ectopic tissue formation in either low or high dose cohort was observed. Clinical response was suggested at day 28: the overall response rate (ORR) was 70%, 4 of 10 patients had a complete response (CR) and 3 had a partial response (PR). By study day 90, the addition of escalated immunosuppressive therapy was necessary in 2 of 9 surviving patients. Day 100 and 180 post infusion survival was 90% and 60%, respectively. Serum biomarker REG3α decreased, particularly in the high dose cohort, and with REG3α decrease correlated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of patients with de novo HR or SR aGVHD with low or high dose MSCTC-0010 was safe: the infusion was well-tolerated, and no TRAEs or ectopic tissue formation was observed. A clinical improvement was seen in about 70% patients, with 4 of 10 showing a complete response that may have been attributable to MSCTC-0010 infusions. These observations indicate safety of two different doses of MSCTC-0010, and suggest that the 10 × 106 cells/ kg dose be tested in an expanded randomized, controlled Phase 2 trial. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupal P Soder
- Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biotechnology and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Neil Dunavin
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Weir
- Institute for Advancing Medical Innovation Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Meizhang Li
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univeristy of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Leyla Shune
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Anurag K Singh
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Siddhartha Ganguly
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Marc Morrison
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Haitham Abdelhakim
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Univeristy of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Sunil Abhyankar
- Midwest Stem Cell Therapy Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA
| | - Joseph McGuirk
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, 66205, USA.
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81
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Agarwal N, Mak C, Bojanic C, To K, Khan W. Meta-Analysis of Adipose Tissue Derived Cell-Based Therapy for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Cells 2021; 10:1365. [PMID: 34206010 PMCID: PMC8228374 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disorder associated with cartilage loss and is a leading cause of disability around the world. In old age, the capacity of cartilage to regenerate is diminished. With an aging population, the burden of OA is set to rise. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for OA. However, cell-based therapies derived from adipose tissue are promising. A PRISMA systematic review was conducted employing four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science) to identify all clinical studies that utilized adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) or stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for the treatment of knee OA. Eighteen studies were included, which met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were conducted on fourteen of these studies, which all documented WOMAC scores after the administration of AMSCs. Pooled analysis revealed that cell-based treatments definitively improve WOMAC scores, post treatment. These improvements increased with time. The studies in this meta-analysis have established the safety and efficacy of both AMSC therapy and SVF therapy for knee OA in old adults and show that they reduce pain and improve knee function in symptomatic knee OA suggesting that they may be effective therapies to improve mobility in an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Agarwal
- MBChB Office, University of Aberdeen College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Christopher Mak
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Christine Bojanic
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Kendrick To
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
| | - Wasim Khan
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (C.M.); (C.B.); (K.T.)
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82
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IDO and CD40 May Be Key Molecules for Immunomodulatory Capacity of the Primed Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115772. [PMID: 34071285 PMCID: PMC8198434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) were reported to have suppressive effect on T cells, yet much remains unknown about the underlying mechanisms supporting this effect. We investigated the underlying mechanism of the immunomodulatory effect of T-MSCs on immune cell proliferation and cytokine production. Methods: We isolated T-MSCs from human palatine tonsil and evaluated the immunomodulatory capacity using RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Additionally, we assessed the expression of various soluble factors and several costimulatory molecules to detect the priming effect on T-MSCs. Results: T-MSCs significantly inhibited the immune cell proliferation and cytokine expression (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in the direct co-culture, but there was no suppressive effect in indirect co-culture. Additionally, we detected a remarkably higher expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the primed T-MSCs having co-expression CD40. Moreover, immune cells or CD4+ T cells showed lower TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-4 expression when the primed T-MSC were added; whereas those findings were reversed when the inhibitor for IDO (not IL-4) or CD40 were added. Furthermore, T-bet and GATA3 levels were significantly decreased in the co-cultures of the primed T-MSCs and CD4+ T cells; whereas those findings were reversed when we added the neutralizing anti-CD40 antibody. Conclusions: Primed T-MSCs expressing IDO and CD40 may have immunomodulatory capacity via Th1-mediated and Th2-mediated immune response.
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83
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Lwin SM, Snowden JA, Griffiths CEM. The promise and challenges of cell therapy for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:887-898. [PMID: 34036569 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis has been transformed by the introduction of biological therapies. These medicines, particularly those targeting interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23p19, can offer clear or nearly clear skin for the majority of patients with psoriasis, with good long-term drug survival. However, as currently used, none of these therapies is curative and disconcertingly there is a small but increasing number of patients with severe psoriasis who have failed all currently available therapeutic modalities. A similar scenario has occurred in other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) where treatment options are limited in severely affected patients. In these cases, cell therapy, including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), has been utilized. This review discusses the various forms of cell therapy currently available, their utility in the management of IMIDs and emerging evidence for efficacy in severe psoriasis that is unresponsive to biological therapy. Balancing the risks and benefits of treatment vs. the underlying disease is key; cell therapy carries significant risks, costs, regulation and other complexities, which must be justified by outcomes. Although HSCT has anecdotally been reported to benefit severe psoriasis, sometimes with apparent cure, this has mainly been in the setting of other coincidental 'routine' indications. In psoriasis, cell therapies, such as MSC and regulatory T cells, with a lower risk of complications are likely to be more appropriate. Well-designed controlled trials coupled with mechanistic studies are warranted if advanced cell therapies are to be developed and delivered as a realistic option for severe psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lwin
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - J A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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84
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Matheni C, Dsouza W. Xeno-Free Human Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Maintain Their Characteristic Properties after Long-Term Cryopreservation. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:145-153. [PMID: 34096215 PMCID: PMC8181313 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth in harnessing the potential of adult stem cells for regenerative
medicine. An investigational new drug (IND) or a regenerative medicine advanced therapy (RMAT) product must fulfil
many requirements, such as stability studies, after cryopreservation. Such studies are important to ascertain the utility
of off-the-shelf allogeneic cells for clinical applications. The present work describes a complete characterisation of xeno-
free human Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) before and up to 28 months post-cryopreservation.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, culture methods that involved plasma derived human serum and
recombinant trypsin were used to develop clinical grade cells. Complete cell characterisation involved flow cytometry
studies for viability, positive and negative markers, colony forming unit (CFU) potential, population doubling time (PDT),
soft agar assay to evaluate in vitro tumourigenicity, karyotype analysis and differentiation studies which were performed
before and at 6, 12, 18 and 28 months post-cryopreservation.
Results Our data showed consistency in the flow cytometry, CFU assay, PDT, soft agar assay, karyotyping and
differentiation studies.
Conclusion Using our protocols for extended xeno-free culture and cryopreservation of hWJ-MSCs, we could establish
the shelf life of the cell-based product for up to 28 months.
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85
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Mesenchymal stromal cells in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5877-5887. [PMID: 33232479 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are widely recognized to possess potent immunomodulatory activity, as well as to stimulate repair and regeneration of diseased or damaged tissue. These fundamental properties suggest important applications in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although the mechanisms of therapeutic activity in vivo are yet to be fully elucidated, MSCs seem to suppress lymphocytes by paracrine mechanisms, including secreted mediators and metabolic modulators. Most recently, host macrophage engulfment of apoptotic MSCs has emerged as an important contributor to the immune suppressive microenvironment. Although bone marrow-derived MSCs are the most commonly studied, the tissue source of MSCs may be a critical determinant of immunomodulatory function. The key application of MSC therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation is to prevent or treat graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The pathogenesis of GVHD reveals multiple potential targets. Moreover, the recently proposed concept of tissue tolerance suggests a new possible mechanism of MSC therapy for GVHD. Beyond GVHD, MSCs may facilitate hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, which could gain greater importance with increasing use of haploidentical transplantation. Despite many challenges and much doubt, commercial MSC products for pediatric steroid-refractory GVHD have been licensed in Japan, conditionally licensed in Canada and New Zealand, and have been recommended for approval by an FDA Advisory Committee in the United States. Here, we review key historical data in the context of the most salient recent findings to present the current state of MSCs as adjunct cell therapy in hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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86
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Higashi Y, Yusoff FM, Kishimoto S, Maruhashi T. Regenerative medicine for radiation emergencies. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:i21-i29. [PMID: 33978185 PMCID: PMC8114226 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hiroshima University is a 'medical institution for tertiary radiation emergencies' and a 'medical support organization as a part of the International Atomic Emergency Agency Emergency Preparedness Response-Response and Assistance Network (IAEA EPR-RANET)'. To establish a system of regenerative medicine for radiation emergencies with treatment by implantation of various types of cells derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, it is necessary to establish methods of defense against and treatment for radiation-induced damage from nuclear power plant accidents and nuclear terrorism. It is also necessary to develop cell therapy, cellular repair technology and regenerative biotechnology as regenerative medicine for radiation emergencies. Such applications have not been established yet. To develop a regenerative medical system, by using the existing one, for radiation emergencies, we will attempt to manage the cell-processing center to establish a safe and secured iPS cell bank for radiation medicine. By using this iPS cell bank as the central leverage, we will develop an education program for radiation emergency medicine and construct a network of regenerative medicine for radiation emergency medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan. Tel: +81-82-257-5831; Fax: +81-82-257-5831;
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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87
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Denu RA, Hematti P. Optimization of oxidative stress for mesenchymal stromal/stem cell engraftment, function and longevity. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:193-200. [PMID: 33677063 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that possess great potential as a cellular therapeutic based on their ability to differentiate to different lineages and to modulate immune responses. However, their potential is limited by their low tissue abundance, and thus the need for robust ex vivo expansion prior to their application. This creates its own issues, namely replicative senescence, which could lead to reduced MSC functionality and negatively impact their engraftment. Ex vivo expansion and MSC aging are associated with greater oxidative stress. Therefore, there is great need to identify strategies to reduce oxidative stress in MSCs. This review summarizes the achievements made to date in addressing oxidative stress in MSCs and speculates about interesting avenues of future investigation to solve this critical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Denu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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88
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Saeedi M, Nezhad MS, Mehranfar F, Golpour M, Esakandari MA, Rashmeie Z, Ghorbani M, Nasimi F, Hoseinian SN. Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Key Features You Need to be Aware of. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:200-215. [PMID: 32895040 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200907121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), a form of adult stem cells, are known to have a selfrenewing property and the potential to specialize into a multitude of cells and tissues such as adipocytes, cartilage cells, and fibroblasts. MSCs can migrate and home to the desired target zone where inflammation is present. The unique characteristics of MSCs in repairing, differentiation, regeneration, and the high capacity of immune modulation have attracted tremendous attention for exerting them in clinical purposes, as they contribute to the tissue regeneration process and anti-tumor activity. The MSCs-based treatment has demonstrated remarkable applicability towards various diseases such as heart and bone malignancies, and cancer cells. Importantly, genetically engineered MSCs, as a stateof- the-art therapeutic approach, could address some clinical hurdles by systemic secretion of cytokines and other agents with a short half-life and high toxicity. Therefore, understanding the biological aspects and the characteristics of MSCs is an imperative issue of concern. Herein, we provide an overview of the therapeutic application and the biological features of MSCs against different inflammatory diseases and cancer cells. We further shed light on MSCs' physiological interaction, such as migration, homing, and tissue repairing mechanisms in different healthy and inflamed tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saeedi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Muhammad S Nezhad
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehranfar
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Golpour
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Sorkheh, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Esakandari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashmeie
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghorbani
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasimi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Seyed N Hoseinian
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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89
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Li J, Xiao L, He D, Luo Y, Sun H. Mechanism of White Matter Injury and Promising Therapeutic Strategies of MSCs After Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:632054. [PMID: 33927608 PMCID: PMC8078548 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.632054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most fatal subtype of stroke with high disability and high mortality rates, and there is no effective treatment. The predilection site of ICH is in the area of the basal ganglia and internal capsule (IC), where exist abundant white matter (WM) fiber tracts, such as the corticospinal tract (CST) in the IC. Proximal or distal white matter injury (WMI) caused by intracerebral parenchymal hemorrhage is closely associated with poor prognosis after ICH, especially motor and sensory dysfunction. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in WMI are quite complex and still far from clear. In recent years, the neuroprotection and repairment capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been widely investigated after ICH. MSCs exert many unique biological effects, including self-recovery by producing growth factors and cytokines, regenerative repair, immunomodulation, and neuroprotection against oxidative stress, providing a promising cellular therapeutic approach for the treatment of WMI. Taken together, our goal is to discuss the characteristics of WMI following ICH, including the mechanism and potential promising therapeutic targets of MSCs, aiming at providing new clues for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linglong Xiao
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dian He
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of The Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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90
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Investigating the effects of IDO1, PTGS2, and TGF-β1 overexpression on immunomodulatory properties of hTERT-MSCs and their extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7825. [PMID: 33837229 PMCID: PMC8035148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is out of the question. Yet, recent drawbacks have resulted in a strategic shift towards the application of MSC-derived cell-free products such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recent reports revealed that functional properties of MSCs, including EV secretion patterns, correlate with microenvironmental cues. These findings highlight the urgent need for defining the optimal circumstances for EV preparation. Considering the limitations of primary cells, we employed immortalized cells as an alternative source to prepare therapeutically sufficient EV numbers. Herein, the effects of different conditional environments are explored on human TERT-immortalized MSCs (hTERT-MSCs). The latter were transduced to overexpress IDO1, PTGS2, and TGF-β1 transgenes either alone or in combination, and their immunomodulatory properties were analyzed thereafter. Likewise, EVs derived from these various MSCs were extensively characterized. hTERT-MSCs-IDO1 exerted superior inhibitory effects on lymphocytes, significantly more than hTERT-MSCs-IFN-γ. As such, IDO1 overexpression promoted the immunomodulatory properties of such enriched EVs. Considering the limitations of cell therapy like tumor formation and possible immune responses in the host, the results presented herein might be considered as a feasible model for the induction of immunomodulation in off-the-shelf and cell-free therapeutics, especially for autoimmune diseases.
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91
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Mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of ocular autoimmune diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100967. [PMID: 33775824 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells, commonly referred to as MSCs, have emerged as a promising cell-based therapy for a range of autoimmune diseases thanks to several therapeutic advantages. Key among these are: 1) the ability to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses and to promote tissue regeneration, 2) the ease of their isolation from readily accessible tissues and expansion at scale in culture, 3) their low immunogenicity enabling use as an allogeneic "off-the-shelf" product, and 4) MSC therapy's safety and feasibility in humans, as demonstrated in more than one thousand clinical trials. Evidence from preclinical studies and early clinical trials indicate the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their derivatives for efficacy in ocular autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune uveoretinitis and Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs, and summarize the results from preclinical and clinical studies that have used MSCs or their derivatives for the treatment of ocular autoimmune diseases. We also discuss the challenges to the successful clinical application of MSC therapy, and suggest strategies for overcoming them.
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92
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Li M, Yang J, Cheng O, Peng Z, Luo Y, Ran D, Yang Y, Xiang P, Huang H, Tan X, Wang H. Effect of TO901317 on GF to promote the differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into dopamine neurons on Parkinson's disease. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622321998139. [PMID: 33796244 PMCID: PMC7985948 DOI: 10.1177/2040622321998139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) could differentiate into dopamine-producing cells and ameliorate behavioral deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) models. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are involved in the maintenance of the normal function of central nervous system myelin. Therefore, the previous work of our team has found the induction of cocktail-induced to dopaminergic (DA) phenotypes from adult rat BMSCs by using sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and TO901317 (an agonist of LXRs) with 87.42% of efficiency in a 6-day induction period. But we did not verify whether the induced cells had the corresponding neural function. Methods: Expressions of LXRα, LXRβ, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The induced cells were transplanted into PD rats to study whether the induced cells are working. Results: The induced cells can release the dopamine transmitter; the maximum induction efficiency of differentiation of hBMSCs into DA neurons was 91.67% under conditions of combined use with TO901317 and growth factors (GF). When the induced-cells were transplanted into PD rats, the expression of TH in the striatum increased significantly, and the behavior of PD rats induced by apomorphine was significantly improved. Conclusion: The induced cells have the function of DA neurons and have the potential to treat PD. TO901317 promoted differentiation of hBMSCs into DA neurons, which may be related to activation of the LXR-ABCA1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Junqing Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Oumei Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Pu Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodan Tan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to differentiate into several cell types when exposed to determined substances, including oxysterols. Oxysterols are cholesterol products derived from its auto-oxidation by reactive species or from enzymatic action. They are present in the body in low quantities under physiological conditions and exhibit several physiological and pharmacological actions according to both the types of oxysterol and tissue. Some of them are cytotoxic while others have been shown to promote cell differentiation through the action on several different receptors, such as nuclear LXR receptors and Smoothened receptor ligands. Here, we review the main pathways by which oxysterols have been associated with cell differentiation and death of mesenchymal stem cells.
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94
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Lou S, Duan Y, Nie H, Cui X, Du J, Yao Y. Mesenchymal stem cells: Biological characteristics and application in disease therapy. Biochimie 2021; 185:9-21. [PMID: 33711361 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells. In addition to the capacity for self-renewal and multipotential differentiation, MSCs also have the following characteristics. MSCs can exert immunomodulatory functions through interaction with innate or adaptive immune cells, MSCs with poor immunogenicity can be used for allogeneic transplantation, and MSCs can "home" to inflammation and tumour sites. Based on these biological properties, MSCs demonstrate broad clinical application prospects in the treatment of tissue injury, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, cancer and other inflammation-related diseases. In this review we describe the biological characteristics of MSCs and discuss the research advances of MSCs in regenerative medicine, immunomodulation, oncology, and COVID-19, to fully understand the range of diseases in which MSC therapy may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyue Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450018, China.
| | - Huizong Nie
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Xujie Cui
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Jialing Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yongfang Yao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450018, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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95
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Saha S, Chakrabarti S, Singh PK, Poddar J, Satapathi S, Saini S, Kakar SS, Roy P. Physiological Relevance of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 As a Metabolic Linker and Therapeutic Implication of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19 and Hypertension. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:132-143. [PMID: 32748331 PMCID: PMC7397455 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single stranded RNA virus and responsible for infecting human being. In many cases the individual may remain asymptomatic. Some recently reported studies revealed that individuals of elderly age group and with pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus had severe consequences, even may lead to death. However, it is not clearly delineated whether hypertension itself or associated comorbidities or antihypertensive therapy contributes to the grave prognosis of COVID-19 infections. This review is aimed to decipher the exact mechanisms involved at molecular level from existing evidence and as reported. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 enters into the host cell through interaction between conserved residues of viral spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor which is highly expressed in host's cardiac and pulmonary cells and finally transmembrane protease, serine-2 (TMPRSS2), helps in priming of the surface protein. Subsequently, symptom related to multi organ involvement is primarily contributed by cytokine storm. Although various clinical trials are being conducted on renin- angiotensin- system inhibitor, till to date there is no standard treatment protocol approved for critically ill COVID-19 positive cases with pre-existing hypertension. Recently, several studies are carried out to document the safety and efficacy outcome of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation based on its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Therefore, identification of future novel therapeutics in the form of mesenchymal stem cell either alone or in combination with pharmacological approach could be recommended for combating SARS-CoV-2 which might be dreadful to debilitating elderly people. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Sasanka Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be) University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Jit Poddar
- Department of Biochemistry and Central Research Cell, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be) University, Mullana, Haryana, India
| | - Soumitra Satapathi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology and James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247 667, India.
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Sarkar A, Saha S, Paul A, Maji A, Roy P, Maity TK. Understanding stem cells and its pivotal role in regenerative medicine. Life Sci 2021; 273:119270. [PMID: 33640402 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are clonogenic cells that develop into the specialized cells which later responsible for making up various types of tissue in the human body. SCs are not only the appropriate source of information for cell division, molecular and cellular processes, and tissue homeostasis but also one of the major putative biological aids to diagnose and cure various degenerative diseases. This study emphasises on various research outputs that occurred in the past two decades. This will give brief information on classification, differentiation, detection, and various isolation techniques of SCs. Here, the various signalling pathways which includes WNT, Sonic hedgehog, Notch, BMI1 and C-met pathways and how does it effect on the regeneration of various classes of SCs and factors that regulates the potency of the SCs are also been discussed. We also focused on the application of SCs in the area of regenerative medicine along with the cellular markers that are useful as salient diagnostic or curative tools or in both, by the process of reprogramming, which includes diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders and neurological disorders. The biomarkers that are mentioned in various literatures and experiments include PDX1, FOXA2, HNF6, and NKX6-1 (for diabetes); CD33, CD24, CD133 (for cancer); c-Kit, SCA-1, Wilm's tumor 1 (for cardiovascular disorders); and OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, EN1, DAT and VMAT2 (for neurological disorders). In this review, we come to know the advancements and scopes of potential SC-based therapies, its diverse applications in clinical fields that can be helpful in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sanjukta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Puspita Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata 700032, India.
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97
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Zhou X, Jin N, Chen B. Human cytomegalovirus infection: A considerable issue following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:318. [PMID: 33692850 PMCID: PMC7933754 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic virus, whereby recipients are most susceptible following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). With the development of novel immunosuppressive agents and antiviral drugs, accompanied with the widespread application of prophylaxis and preemptive treatment, significant developments have been made in transplant recipients with human (H)CMV infection. However, HCMV remains an important cause of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. The present review summarizes the molecular mechanism and risk factors of HCMV reactivation following allo-HSCT, the diagnosis of CMV infection following allo-HSCT, prophylaxis and treatment of HCMV infection, and future perspectives. All relevant literature were retrieved from PubMed and have been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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98
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Yu Y, Valderrama AV, Han Z, Uzan G, Naserian S, Oberlin E. Human fetal liver MSCs are more effective than adult bone marrow MSCs for their immunosuppressive, immunomodulatory, and Foxp3 + T reg induction capacity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:138. [PMID: 33597011 PMCID: PMC7888159 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit active abilities to suppress or modulate deleterious immune responses by various molecular mechanisms. These cells are the subject of major translational efforts as cellular therapies for immune-related diseases and transplantations. Plenty of preclinical studies and clinical trials employing MSCs have shown promising safety and efficacy outcomes and also shed light on the modifications in the frequency and function of regulatory T cells (T regs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well known. Direct cell contact, soluble factor production, and turning antigen-presenting cells into tolerogenic phenotypes, have been proposed to be among possible mechanisms by which MSCs produce an immunomodulatory environment for T reg expansion and activity. We and others demonstrated that adult bone marrow (BM)-MSCs suppress adaptive immune responses directly by inhibiting the proliferation of CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells but also indirectly through the induction of T regs. In parallel, we demonstrated that fetal liver (FL)-MSCs demonstrates much longer-lasting immunomodulatory properties compared to BM-MSCs, by inhibiting directly the proliferation and activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Therefore, we investigated if FL-MSCs exert their strong immunosuppressive effect also indirectly through induction of T regs. METHODS MSCs were obtained from FL and adult BM and characterized according to their surface antigen expression, their multilineage differentiation, and their proliferation potential. Using different in vitro combinations, we performed co-cultures of FL- or BM-MSCs and murine CD3+CD25-T cells to investigate immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on T cells and to quantify their capacity to induce functional T regs. RESULTS We demonstrated that although both types of MSC display similar cell surface phenotypic profile and differentiation capacity, FL-MSCs have significantly higher proliferative capacity and ability to suppress both CD4+ and CD8+ murine T cell proliferation and to modulate them towards less active phenotypes than adult BM-MSCs. Moreover, their substantial suppressive effect was associated with an outstanding increase of functional CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regs compared to BM-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the immunosuppressive activity of FL-MSCs on T cells and show for the first time that one of the main immunoregulatory mechanisms of FL-MSCs passes through active and functional T reg induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Beijing Institute of Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Institute of Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Georges Uzan
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Sina Naserian
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- CellMedEx, Saint Maur des Fossés, France
| | - Estelle Oberlin
- INSERM UMR-S-MD 1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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99
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Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D) are prominent global health issues; therefore, there is a need to better understand the mechanisms underlying these conditions. The onset of obesity is characterized by accumulation of proinflammatory cells, including Ly6chi monocytes (which differentiate into proinflammatory macrophages) and neutrophils, in metabolic tissues. This shift toward chronic, low-grade inflammation is an obese-state hallmark and highly linked to metabolic disorders and other obesity comorbidities. The mechanisms that induce and maintain increased inflammatory myelopoiesis are of great interest, with a recent focus on how obesity affects more primitive hematopoietic cells. The hematopoietic system is constantly replenished by proper regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor (HSPC) pools in the BM. While early research suggests that chronic obesity promotes expansion of myeloid-skewed HSPCs, the involvement of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in regulating obesity-induced myelopoiesis remains undefined. In this review, we explore the role of the multicellular HSC niche in hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the potential contribution of this niche to the hematopoietic response to obesity. This review further aims to summarize the potential HSC niche involvement as a target of obesity-induced inflammation and a driver of obesity-induced myelopoiesis.
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100
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Berglund AK, Long JM, Robertson JB, Schnabel LV. TGF-β2 Reduces the Cell-Mediated Immunogenicity of Equine MHC-Mismatched Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Without Altering Immunomodulatory Properties. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:628382. [PMID: 33614658 PMCID: PMC7889809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.628382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell therapy for treating numerous diseases, but major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched MSCs can be rejected by the recipient’s immune system. Pre-treating MSCs with transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) to downregulate surface expression of MHC molecules may enhance the ability of allogeneic MSCs to evade immune responses. We used lymphocyte proliferation assays and ELISAs to analyze the immunomodulatory potential of TGF-β2-treated equine bone marrow-derived MSCs. T cell activation and cytotoxicity assays were then used to measure the in vitro cell-mediated immunogenicity. Similar to untreated MSCs, TGF-β2-treated MSCs inhibited T cell proliferation and did not stimulate MHC-mismatched T cells to proliferate. Additionally, similar quantities of prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β1 were detected in assays with untreated and TGF-β2-treated MSCs supporting that TGF-β2-treated MSCs retain their strong immunomodulatory properties in vitro. Compared to untreated MSCs, TGF-β2-treated MSCs induced less T cell activation and had reduced cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. These results indicate that treating MSCs with TGF-β2 is a promising strategy to reduce the cell-mediated immunogenicity of MHC-mismatched MSCs and facilitate allogeneic MSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix K Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Julie M Long
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - James B Robertson
- Office of Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lauren V Schnabel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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