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Li Y, Zhong D, Dong C, Shi L, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Zheng H, Li J, Liu T, Jin R. The effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi for patients with essential hypertension: study protocol for an open-label single-center randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:23. [PMID: 33413354 PMCID: PMC7792191 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence showed that Tai Chi may have beneficial effects among hypertensive individuals, although the results are not convincing. We aim to conduct a high-quality clinical trial with 24-h BP measurement to provide robust evidence of Tai Chi for essential hypertension. METHODS This is an open-label single-center randomized controlled trial with 3 parallel arms. We will compare Tai Chi with walking and waiting-list control. We will recruit 234 hypertensive patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and randomly assign them to 3 different groups. Participants in Tai Chi group will receive a group-format Yang style 24-form Tai Chi exercise program, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The walking group will be asked to walk, 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The waiting-list group will not receive any interventions and/or exercise training. The primary outcome is the change in average 24-h systolic blood pressure (SBP) between baseline and 12 weeks after randomization. The secondary outcomes include 24-h Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), average SBP and average DBP during the daytime and night-time, blood pressure (BP) variability, SBP load and DBP load, circadian rhythm of BP, and morning BP surge, endothelial functional indicators, home measured BP, quality of life, adverse events and so on. DISCUSSION We expect findings of this trial will provide important insight into application of Tai Chi as an effective and acceptable method for hypertensive patients. Successful completion of this proposed study will also contribute to promotion of Tai Chi in the community in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04267471 , date: February 12, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Dong
- The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihong Shi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaling Zheng
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongguo Liu
- Knowledge and Data Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaoqin Li
- Knowledge and Data Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine, School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Tianyu Liu
- School of Sports, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Rongjiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Wier WG, Chen L, Blaustein MP. NO-induced vasodilation correlates directly with BP in smooth muscle-Na/Ca exchanger-1-engineered mice: elevated BP does not attenuate endothelial function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H221-H237. [PMID: 33124883 PMCID: PMC7847073 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00487.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arterial smooth muscle Na+/Ca2+ exchanger-1 (SM-NCX1) promotes vasoconstriction or vasodilation by mediating, respectively, Ca2+ influx or efflux. In vivo, SM-NCX1 mediates net Ca2+ influx to help maintain myogenic tone (MT) and neuronally activated constriction. SM-NCX1-TG (overexpressing transgenic) mice have increased MT and mean blood pressure (MBP; +13.5 mmHg); SM-NCX1-KO (knockout) mice have reduced MT and MBP (-11.1 mmHg). Endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) is often impaired in hypertension. We tested whether genetically engineered SM-NCX1 expression and consequent BP changes similarly alter EDV. Isolated, pressurized mesenteric resistance arteries with MT from SM-NCX1-TG and conditional SM-NCX1-KO mice, and femoral arteries in vivo from TG mice were studied. Acetylcholine (ACh)-dilated TG arteries with MT slightly more than control or KO arteries, implying that SM-NCX1 overexpression does not impair EDV. In preconstricted KO, but not TG mouse arteries, however, ACh- and bradykinin-triggered vasodilation was markedly attenuated. To circumvent the endothelium, phenylephrine-constricted resistance arteries were tested with Na-nitroprusside [SNP; nitric oxide (NO) donor] and cGMP. This endothelium-independent vasodilation was augmented in TG but attenuated in KO arteries that lack NCX1-mediated Ca2+ clearance. Baseline cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) was elevated in TG femoral arteries in vivo, supporting the high BP; furthermore, SNP-triggered [Ca2+]cyt decline and vasodilation were augmented as NO and cGMP promote myocyte polarization thereby enhancing NCX1-mediated Ca2+ efflux. The TG mouse data indicate that BP elevation does not attenuate endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Thus, in essential hypertension and many models the endothelial impairment that supports the hypertension apparently is not triggered by BP elevation but by extravascular mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Endothelium-dependent, ACh-induced vasodilation (EDV) is attenuated, and arterial myocyte Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX1) are upregulated in many forms of hypertension. Surprisingly, mildly hypertensive smooth muscle-specific (SM)-NCX1 transgenic mice exhibited modestly enhanced EDV and augmented endothelium-independent vasodilation (EIV). Conversely, mildly hypotensive SM-NCX1-knockout mice had greatly attenuated EIV. These adaptations help compensate for NCX1 expression-induced alterations in cytosolic Ca2+ and blood pressure (BP) and belie the view that elevated BP, itself, causes the endothelial dysregulation in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - W Gil Wier
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Filippou CD, Tsioufis CP, Thomopoulos CG, Mihas CC, Dimitriadis KS, Sotiropoulou LI, Chrysochoou CA, Nihoyannopoulos PI, Tousoulis DM. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Blood Pressure Reduction in Adults with and without Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:1150-1160. [PMID: 32330233 PMCID: PMC7490167 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recognized as an effective dietary intervention to reduce blood pressure (BP). However, among randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the DASH diet-mediated BP reduction, there are significant methodological and clinical differences. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess the DASH diet effect on BP in adults with and without hypertension, accounting for underlying methodological and clinical confounders. We systematically searched Medline and the Cochrane Collaboration Library databases and identified 30 RCTs (n = 5545 participants) that investigated the BP effects of the DASH diet compared with a control diet in hypertensive and nonhypertensive adults. Both random-effects and fixed-effect models were used to calculate the mean attained systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) differences during follow-up. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also conducted. Compared with a control diet, the DASH diet reduced both SBP and DBP (difference in means: -3.2 mm Hg; 95% CI: -4.2, -2.3 mm Hg; P < 0.001, and -2.5 mm Hg; 95% CI: -3.5, -1.5 mm Hg; P < 0.001, respectively). Hypertension status did not modify the effect on BP reduction. The DASH diet compared with a control diet reduced SBP levels to a higher extent in trials with sodium intake >2400 mg/d than in trials with sodium intake ≤2400 mg/d, whereas both SBP and DBP were reduced more in trials with mean age <50 y than in trials of older participants. The quality of evidence was rated as moderate for both outcomes according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. The adoption of the DASH diet was accompanied by significant BP reduction in adults with and without hypertension, although higher daily sodium intake and younger age enhanced the BP-lowering effect of the intervention. This meta-analysis was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD42019128120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Filippou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas P Tsioufis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Costas C Mihas
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos S Dimitriadis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lida I Sotiropoulou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina A Chrysochoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros I Nihoyannopoulos
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios M Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Yun WJ, Zhang XY, Liu TT, Liang JH, Sun CP, Yan JK, Huo XK, Tian XG, Zhang BJ, Huang HL, Ma XC. The inhibition effect of uncarialin A on voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C: Inhibition potential and molecular stimulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1022-1030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jennings JR, Muldoon MF, Allen B, Ginty AT, Gianaros PJ. Cerebrovascular function in hypertension: Does high blood pressure make you old? Psychophysiology 2020; 58:e13654. [PMID: 32830869 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of individuals over an age of 60 have hypertension. Elevated blood pressure and older age are associated with very similar changes in brain structure and function. We review the parallel brain changes associated with increasing age and blood pressure. This review focuses on joint associations of aging and elevated blood pressure with neuropsychological function, regional cerebral blood flow responses to cognitive and metabolic challenges, white matter disruptions, grey matter volume, cortical thinning, and neurovascular coupling. Treatment of hypertension ameliorates many of these changes but fails to reverse them. Treatment of hypertension itself appears more successful with better initial brain function. We show evidence that sympathetic and renal influences known to increase blood pressure also impact brain integrity. Possible central mechanisms contributing to the course of hypertension and aging are then suggested. An emphasis is placed on psychologically relevant factors: stress, cardiovascular reactions to stress, and diet/obesity. The contribution of some of these factors to biological aging remains unclear and may provide a starting point for defining the independent and interacting effects of aging and increasing blood pressure on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew F Muldoon
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ben Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Radix Puerariae rebalances vasomotor factors and improves left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:705-713. [PMID: 32742316 PMCID: PMC7388304 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to validate the beneficial role of Radix Puerariae in rebalancing the plasma levels of endothelin, angiotensin II (AngII) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in patients with essential hypertension (EHT). A total of 150 patients with EHT were enrolled consecutively and randomized to receive antihypertensive drugs according to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT group) and GDMT plus Radix Puerariae (GDMT + RP group). The blood pressure was recorded biweekly. At baseline and at the end of the follow-up (12 weeks), the plasma levels of endothelin, AngII and CGRP were detected, whilst the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function was evaluated by echocardiography. At baseline, the two groups did not differ in terms of demographic characteristics and LV diastolic dysfunction. At the end of the follow-up, lower blood pressure was observed in the GDMT + RP compared with that in the GDMT group. The plasma levels of AngII and endothelin were also significantly lower in the GDMT + RP group. The plasma levels of CGRP increased significantly in the GDMT + RP compared with those in the GDMT group. The addition of Radix Puerariae improved LV diastolic function, with the percentage of dysfunction decreasing to only 9%, while this percentage remained significantly elevated (21%) in the GDMT group. The results of the present study demonstrated that Radix Puerariae is able to regulate blood pressure and the plasma levels of endothelin, AngII and CGRP in patients with EHT. LV diastolic dysfunction was also improved, as detected by echocardiography.
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Santos LP, Umpierre D. Exercise, Cardiovascular Health, and Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis: A Narrative Review on These Complex Relationships and Caveats of Literature. Front Physiol 2020; 11:840. [PMID: 32848823 PMCID: PMC7411151 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The following narrative review addresses the relationship between physical activity and exercise with cardiovascular health, focusing primarily on the following risk factors for atherosclerosis: hypertension, dyslipidemia, and vascular function. Cardiovascular diseases are intimately associated with mortality and morbidity, and current societal organization contributes to the incidence of cardiovascular events. A worldwide epidemiological transition to cardiovascular deaths was observed in the last century, with important decrements in physical activity and diet quality. An atherogenic environment started to be the new normal, with risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction observed in great portions of the population. Exercise is an important tool to improve overall health. For hypertension, a great amount of evidence now puts exercise as an effective therapeutic tool in the treatment of this condition. The effects of exercise in modifying blood lipid-lipoprotein are less clear. Despite the rationale remaining solid, methodological difficulties impair the interpretation of possible effects in these variables. Vascular function, as assessed by flow-mediated dilatation, is a good measure of overall vascular health and is consistently improved by exercise in many populations. However, in individuals with hypertension, the exercise literature still needs a further description of possible effects on vascular function variables. Physical activity and exercise are associated with improved cardiovascular health, especially with reduced blood pressure, and should be encouraged on the individual and population level. Evidence regarding its effects on blood lipids and flow-mediated dilatation still need solid landmark studies to guide clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas P. Santos
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/HCPA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Umpierre
- Exercise Pathophysiology Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Health Technology Assessment (IATS/HCPA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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The Efficacy of Tai Chi and Qigong Exercises on Blood Pressure and Blood Levels of Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3267971. [PMID: 32802122 PMCID: PMC7414352 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3267971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Tai Chi and Qigong are the two similar traditional Chinese wellness exercises. A strong body of published clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has investigated the health benefits of Tai Chi and Qigong exercises (TCQE) in patients with essential hypertension (EH). This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of TCQE on blood pressure (BP) and blood levels of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in EH patients and explore the potential antihypertensive mechanism of TCQE. Methods We conducted a literature retrieval for Chinese and English studies in seven databases from their respective inceptions until January 14, 2020. All RCTs examining clinical efficacy of TCQE for EH patients were considered. The major therapeutic outcomes of TCQE were changes in the blood levels of NO, ET-1, and BP in EH patients. Methodological quality of the included RCTs was detected via The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We evaluated the data reported and performed the meta-analysis by Review Manager 5.3 software. Results 9 RCTs involving 516 EH patients were included. The intervention duration lasted from 1.5 months to 6 months. The results of comprehensive analysis showed that compared with control interventions, experimental interventions were more effective in reducing the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure and contributed higher blood levels of NO and lower blood levels of ET-1. Conclusions TCQE could be an effective complementary and alternative therapy for EH. The lower BP in EH patients who practice TCQE may have some connection with exercise-related increased blood NO levels and decreased blood ET-1 levels. However, further research is needed to make clear the efficacy of TCQE in management of EH and the mechanism of lowering BP in TCQE.
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Mediterranean Diet and Endothelial Function: A Review of its Effects at Different Vascular Bed Levels. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082212. [PMID: 32722321 PMCID: PMC7469011 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet has recently been the focus of considerable attention as a palatable model of a healthy diet. Its influence on many cardiovascular risk factors, combined with its proven effect in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in primary prevention, has boosted scientific interest in this age-old nutritional model. Many of the underlying mechanisms behind its health-giving effects have been revealed, from the modulation of the microbiota to the function of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and it seems to deliver its health benefits mainly by regulating several key mechanisms of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will review the evidence for its regulation of endothelial function, a key element in the early and late stages of atherosclerosis. In addition, we will assess studies which evaluate its effects on the functioning of different arterial territory vessels (mainly the microvascular, peripheral and central vascular beds), focusing mainly on the capillary, brachial and carotid arteries. Finally, we will evaluate the molecular mechanisms which may be involved.
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Bessa J, Albino-Teixeira A, Reina-Couto M, Sousa T. Endocan: A novel biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring in human cardiovascular and renal diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 509:310-335. [PMID: 32710940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is localized at the interface between the blood and surrounding tissues, playing a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue-fluid homeostasis and in the regulation of host defense, inflammation, vascular tone and remodeling, angiogenesis and haemostasis. The dysfunctional endothelium was shown to be implicated in the pathophysiology of several endothelial-dependent disorders, such as arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure and chronic kidney disease, in which it is an early predictor of cardiovascular events. Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulphate proteoglycan mainly secreted by the activated endothelium. It is upregulated by several proinflammatory cytokines and proangiogenic factors and may itself contribute to the inflammatory status. In addition of being a surrogate marker of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, it seems to be involved in the regulation of several proliferative and neovascularization processes. Therefore, its utility as a biomarker in a wide spectrum of diseases has been increasingly explored. Here, we review the current evidence concerning the role of endocan in several human cardiovascular and renal diseases, where it seems to be a promising biomarker for risk stratification, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bessa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar São João (CHSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal; Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Univ. Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Lin X, Han T, Fan Y, Wu S, Wang F, Wang C. Quercetin improves vascular endothelial function through promotion of autophagy in hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2020; 258:118106. [PMID: 32682916 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of hypertension. Herein, we assessed the effect of quercetin, a common dietary antioxidant, on endothelial function of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. MAIN METHODS The Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR rats were administered vehicle (1% w/v methyl cellulose) or quercetin (10 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage once a day for 6 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured with a tail-cuff system. Functional of rat mesenteric arterioles was assessed by the temperature-controlled myograph. A dose-response curve was generated by the cumulative addition of acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP). NO production in the culture medium was assessed by measuring the concentration of nitrite, a stable metabolite of NO, using a modified Griess reagent. KEY FINDINGS Quercetin improved endothelial function and decreased blood pressure in SHRs. Endothelial autophagy, an important cellular homeostatic process, was increased in the early phase of treatment, and decreased in the late phase of treatment. Quercetin promoted autophagy in cultured endothelial cells under both normal and oxidative stress conditions. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy aggravated endothelial dysfunction in quercetin-treated endothelial cells under oxidative stress, and attenuated the antihypertensive and endothelial protective effects of quercetin in SHRs. SIGNIFICANCE Quercetin protects endothelial function in hypertensive rats through promotion of autophagy. Thus, autophagy could serve as a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China; Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, No. 30, Fengxiang Road, South Street, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuo Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songdi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, No. 30, Fengxiang Road, South Street, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, No. 30, Fengxiang Road, South Street, Xi'an 710002, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congxia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Periodontitis and Hypertension: Is the Association Causal? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:281-289. [PMID: 32500479 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis are two highly prevalent conditions worldwide with a significant impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications. Poor periodontal health is associated with increased prevalence of hypertension and may have an influence on BP control. Risk factors such as older age, male gender, non-Caucasian ethnicity, smoking, overweight/obesity, diabetes, low socioeconomic status, and poor education have been considered the common denominators underpinning this relationship. However, recent evidence indicates that the association between periodontitis and hypertension is independent of common risk factors and may in fact be causal in nature. Low-grade systemic inflammation and redox imbalance, in particular, represent the major underlying mechanisms in this relationship. Neutrophil dysfunction, imbalance in T cell subtypes, oral-gut dysbiosis, hyperexpression of proinflammatory genes, and increased sympathetic outflow are some of the pathogenetic events involved. In addition, novel findings indicate that common genetic bases might shape the immune profile towards this clinical phenotype, offering a rationale for potential therapeutic and prevention strategies of public health interest. This review summarizes recent advances, knowledge gaps and possible future directions in the field.
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Yokono Y, Hanada K, Narita M, Tatara Y, Kawamura Y, Miura N, Kitayama K, Nakata M, Nozaka M, Kato T, Kudo N, Tsushima M, Toyama Y, Itoh K, Tomita H. Blockade of PAR-1 Signaling Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Renin-Overexpressing Hypertensive Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e015616. [PMID: 32495720 PMCID: PMC7429042 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.015616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Although PAR‐1 (protease‐activated receptor‐1) exerts important functions in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, the role of PAR‐1 signaling in heart failure development remains largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that PAR‐1 signaling inhibition has protective effects on the progression of cardiac remodeling induced by chronic renin–angiotensin system activation using renin‐overexpressing hypertensive (Ren‐Tg) mice. Methods and Results We treated 12‐ to 16‐week‐old male wild‐type (WT) mice and Ren‐Tg mice with continuous subcutaneous infusion of the PAR‐1 antagonist SCH79797 or vehicle for 4 weeks. The thicknesses of interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and SCH79797 treatment significantly decreased these thicknesses in Ren‐Tg mice. The cardiac fibrosis area and monocyte/macrophage deposition were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and both conditions were attenuated by SCH79797 treatment. Cardiac mRNA expression levels of PAR‐1, TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor‐α), TGF‐β1 (transforming growth factor‐β1), and COL3A1 (collagen type 3 α1 chain) and the ratio of β‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MHC) to α‐MHC were all greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice; SCH79797 treatment attenuated these increases in Ren‐Tg mice. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 concentration and factor Xa in plasma were greater in Ren‐Tg mice than in WT mice, and both conditions were unaffected by SCH79797 treatment. In isolated cardiac fibroblasts, both thrombin and factor Xa enhanced ERK1/2 (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2) phosphorylation, and SCH79797 pretreatment abolished this enhancement. Furthermore, gene expression of PAR‐1, TGF‐β1, and COL3A1 were enhanced by factor Xa, and all were inhibited by SCH79797. Conclusions The results indicate that PAR‐1 signaling is involved in cardiac remodeling induced by renin–angiotensin system activation, which may provide a novel therapeutic target for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Yokono
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kenji Hanada
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masato Narita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Glycotechnology Center for Advanced Medical Research Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yousuke Kawamura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Naotake Miura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kitayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masamichi Nakata
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Masashi Nozaka
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Tomo Kato
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Natsumi Kudo
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Michiko Tsushima
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yuichi Toyama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science Center for Advanced Medical Research Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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Effects of nebivolol versus other antihypertensive drugs on the endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:222793. [PMID: 32342981 PMCID: PMC7201558 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to determine whether nebivolol has a better effect on endothelial dysfunction compared with other β-blockers or other classes of antihypertensive drugs. Searches of the PubMed, Embase etc. were performed to analyze all the randomized controlled trials using nebivolol to treat essential hypertension. The primary end points included a measurement of peripheral endothelial function by brachial flow mediated vasodilatation (FMD) or forearm blood flow (FBF). A random-effect model was used to perform the meta-analysis when the studies showed significant heterogeneity, otherwise a descriptive analysis was conducted. Ten studies (689 patients) were included in qualitative analysis, four of which were included in quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis showed that the changed FMD value before and after treatment with nebivolol was not statistically different from those treated with other β-blockers [mean difference = 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.56, 2.81, P=0.19]. Descriptive analysis indicated that nebivolol did not have a better endothelium-protective effect than other classes of antihypertensive drugs including olmesartan and perindopril. Nebivolol is not a unique endothelial function-protective agent distinguished from other β-blockers or other classes of antihypertensive drugs. Reversal of endothelial dysfunction is a key point in the prevention and therapy of essential hypertension.
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Gać P, Urbanik D, Pawlas N, Poręba M, Martynowicz H, Prokopowicz A, Januszewska L, Markiewicz-Górka I, Jaremków A, Mazur G, Poręba R, Pawlas K. Total antioxidant status reduction conditioned by a serum selenium concentration decrease as a mechanism of the ultrasonographically measured brachial artery dilatation impairment in patients with arterial hypertension. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103332. [PMID: 32006877 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of selenium (SeS) and zinc (ZnS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and endothelial function assessed by ultrasonographic method of dilatation of the brachial artery in 141 hypertensive patients. Patients with SeS < median were characterized by a statistically significantly lower flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than patients with SeS ≥ median. Patients with TAS < median were characterized by a significantly lower FMD than patients with TAS ≥ median. Older age, higher BMI, male gender, higher blood total cholesterol, ischemic heart disease, smoking and lower SeS constitute independent predictors of inferior endothelial function, expressed in lower FMD values. Smoking is an independent predictor of lower TAS, and the use of β-blockers and higher serum selenium levels are independent predictors of higher TAS. In summary, a decrease in TAS should be considered as a mechanism of inferior endothelial function in hypertensive patients conditioned by a decrease in SeS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gać
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, PL 50-981, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Urbanik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Pawlas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jordana 38, PL 41-808, Zabrze Rokitnica, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Prokopowicz
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec, Kościelna 13, PL 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Lidia Januszewska
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Markiewicz-Górka
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jaremków
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, PL 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlas
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, PL 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
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66
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Hatabu T, Harada T, Takao Y, Thi DH, Yamasato A, Horiuchi T, Mochizuki A, Kondo Y. Daily Meal Supplemented with Astaxanthin-Enriched Yolk Has Mitigative Effects against Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:404-408. [PMID: 32115501 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of egg yolk powder enriched with astaxanthin (ASX-E) on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to verify the benefits of ASX-E as a functional food. To investigate the antihypertensive effect, SHR were fed with an ASX-E mixed diet before hypertension development. Blood pressures were determined periodically during the study by the tail-cuff method. At the end of the study, animals were euthanized, and their thoracic aortas were collected to determine vascular conductance. The thoracic aorta tension was measured with a force displacement transducer. Concentration-dependent response relationships were determined by cumulative addition of 10-9-10-4 M Carbamoylcholine (Cch). Blood pressures of the SHR in the ASX-E mixed diet group were ASX-dose-dependently lower than that of those in the control group. In SHR fed with an ASX-E mixed diet, Cch induced vasorelaxation in the thoracic aorta with endothelium lining but not without endothelium. However, the antihypertensive effect of ASX-E was not observed on blood pressures in SHR that were fed with ASX-E only after the development of hypertension. Results suggest that ASX-E protects endothelial function and thereby prevents the development of hypertension. Hence, the results of our research indicate that daily consumption of ASX-E has a potential benefit on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
| | - Takumi Harada
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
| | - Yuri Takao
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
| | - Dung Ho Thi
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
| | | | | | | | - Yasuhiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University
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67
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Blaustein MP, Hamlyn JM. Ouabain, endogenous ouabain and ouabain-like factors: The Na + pump/ouabain receptor, its linkage to NCX, and its myriad functions. Cell Calcium 2020; 86:102159. [PMID: 31986323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review we discuss some aspects of the Na+ pump and its roles in mediating the effects of ouabain and endogenous ouabain (EO): i) in regulating the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]CYT) via Na/Ca exchange (NCX), and ii) in activating a number of protein kinase (PK) signaling cascades that control a myriad of cell functions. Importantly, [Ca2+]CYT and the other signaling pathways intersect at numerous points because of the influence of Ca2+ and calmodulin in modulating some steps in those other pathways. While both mechanisms operate in virtually all cells and tissues, this article focuses primarily on their functions in the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system (CNS) and the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mordecai P Blaustein
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - John M Hamlyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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68
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Otani K, Yokoya M, Fujioka Y, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Small extracellular vesicles from rat plasma promote migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:299-306. [PMID: 31902833 PMCID: PMC7118471 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) contain various molecules and mediate cell-to-cell
communication under both physiological and pathological conditions. We have recently
reported that sEV isolated from plasma of normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and
spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) regulate systemic blood pressure. The initiation and
development of hypertension partly rely on proliferation and migration of vascular smooth
muscle cells (SMCs) followed by the structural remodeling of vascular wall. In the present
study, we examined the effects of plasma sEV in WKY and SHR on the proliferative and
migratory functions of primary rat aortic SMCs. There was no difference in the
concentration and size distribution of plasma sEV between WKY and SHR, while the protein
expression of CD81 in plasma sEV from SHR was lower than that from WKY. Both plasma sEV
from WKY and SHR were internalized into SMCs and stimulated the migration and
proliferation with a similar potency. In summary, we, for the first time, demonstrated
that plasma sEV in WKY and SHR are physiologically active in terms of proliferative and
migratory functions, however, these effects do not seem to be related to the pathogenesis
of hypertension development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Otani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Mai Yokoya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yusei Fujioka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Han S, Uludağ MO, Demirel Yılmaz E. Deneysel Hipertansiyon Modelinde Farklı DOCA-tuz Uygulama Sürelerinin Kan Basıncı ve Damar Cevapları Üzerine Etkisi. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.661263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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70
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van Velzen MHN, Niehof SP, Mik EG, Loeve AJ. Measuring pulse wave velocity with a novel, simple sensor on the finger tip: a feasibility study in healthy volunteers. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab3ad8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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71
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Shi W, Zhou Y, Wang H, Sun Y, Chen Y. Synergistic interaction of hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia on chronic kidney disease: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999‐2006. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:1567-1577. [PMID: 31523928 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Shi
- Department of Cardiology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- Department of Neurology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology Coronary Heart Disease Center, Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Cardiology The First Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang China
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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72
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Piper sarmentosum Leaves Aqueous Extract Attenuates Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7198592. [PMID: 31485247 PMCID: PMC6710744 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7198592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Piper sarmentosum is a tropical plant in Southeast Asia known for its traditional use in curing various ailments including hypertension. Previous research works have provided evidence for the herb's antihypertensive property. However, the exact mechanisms involved are still in question. The present study investigated the effects of Piper sarmentosum leaves aqueous extract (PSAE) treatment on vascular endothelin system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Four groups of SHRs were treated for 28 consecutive days, with negative and positive control groups receiving distilled water and 3 mg/kg perindopril, respectively. Another two groups are the treatment groups, which received PSAE and combination of 1.5 mg/kg perindopril and PSAE. Weekly measurements of blood pressure showed that PSAE significantly reduced the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures (P < 0.05) of the rats. PSAE also increased mesenteric artery nitric oxide (NO) level (P < 0.05) and reduced endothelin-1 (ET-1) level (P < 0.05) in the treatment groups. Our results demonstrate that oral administration of PSAE reduced blood pressure in SHRs by reducing the ET-1 level while increasing NO production.
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73
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Falcón-Cordón Y, Montoya-Alonso JA, Caro-Vadillo A, Matos-Rivero JI, Carretón E. Persistence of pulmonary endarteritis in canine heartworm infection 10 months after the eradication of adult parasites of Dirofilaria immitis. Vet Parasitol 2019; 273:1-4. [PMID: 31442886 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary endarteritis caused by Dirofilaria immitis and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are closely linked and the determination of PH could be validated to assess the severity and chronicity of the vascular damage, i.e. by the use of the Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility (RPAD) Index. The aim was to evaluate the RPAD Index in dogs 10 months after the last dose of adulticide. The study included 23 client-owned dogs with heartworm brought for adulticide treatment. Echocardiographic exam was carried out to estimate worm burden, RPAD Index as well as other routine echocardiographic values on day 0 (diagnosis), day 120 (discharge), and 10 months after the last dose of adulticide. No significant differences were observed in the RPAD Index over time, neither when microfilaremic status and parasite burden were evaluated. An RPAD Index <29% was found in 52.2% of the dogs on day 0, day 120, and 10 months after the last dose of adulticide. Regarding other echocardiographic parameters, only significant differences were observed on tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) values between day 0:day 120 (p = 0.008), and day 0:end of the study (p = 0.037). There was not significant improvement in pulmonary damage 10 months after the elimination of the parasites (p = 0.296), suggesting that, once the endarteritis has developed, the vascular changes are chronic and may not be reversible. The modifications of the TAPSE value suggest an improvement in the systolic function of the right ventricle after the disappearance of the worms, independently of the presence of PH. The endarteritis causes a decrease in the elasticity in the pulmonary vasculature and an increase in the resistance that, chronically, and depending on the severity, will cause the development of PH and later right heart failure. This complication of the disease is one of the most damaging and frequent, so it is necessary to adequately monitor PH in dogs undergoing adulticide treatment. Furthermore, knowing the pulmonary status could provide valuable information to help provide an objective prognosis and help assess the need to add additional treatments, once the worms have been eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Falcón-Cordón
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J A Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - A Caro-Vadillo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Matos-Rivero
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - E Carretón
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Carrillo-Sepulveda MA, Panackal A, Maracheril R, Maddie N, Patel MN, Ojamaa K, Savinova OV, Gerdes AM. Triiodothyronine Reduces Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Hypertension by Attenuating Protein Kinase G/Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Signaling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:88-94. [PMID: 31300610 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.260471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension comprises hypercontractility and impaired vasodilation. We have previously demonstrated that triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone, has vasodilatory effects acting through rapid onset mechanisms. In the present study, we examined whether T3 mitigates vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension. To test the direct effects of T3 in hypertensive vessels, aortas from female Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl SS) rats fed a high-salt diet (8% NaCl, HS group) and their age-matched controls fed a standard low-salt diet (0.3% NaCl, LS group) for 16 weeks were isolated and used in ex vivo vascular reactivity studies. We confirmed that the HS group exhibited a higher systolic blood pressure in comparison with the control LS group and displayed aortic remodeling. Aortas from both groups were pretreated with T3 (0.1 μM) for 30 minutes at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator before functional vascular studies. T3 treatment significantly attenuated hypercontractility and improved impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in aortas from the HS group. These vascular improvements in response to T3 were accompanied by increased phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at serine 239, a vasodilatory factor of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG)/VASP signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, increased production of reactive oxygen species in aortas from the HS group were significantly reduced by T3, suggesting a potential antioxidant effect of T3 in the vasculature. These results demonstrate that T3 can mitigate hypertension-related vascular dysfunction through the VASP signaling pathway and by reducing vascular ROS production. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that triiodothyronine (T3) directly acts on vascular tone and has a beneficial effect in hypertension-induced vascular dysfunction. T3 augmented vasodilation and diminished vasoconstriction in blood vessels from hypertensive rats in association with activation of the protein kinase G/vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein signaling pathway that activates vascular relaxation and exerted an antioxidant effect. Collectively, these results show that T3 is a potential vasoprotective agent with rapid action on hypertension-related vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Anjali Panackal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Renjith Maracheril
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Nicole Maddie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Mitul N Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Kaie Ojamaa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - Olga V Savinova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
| | - A Martin Gerdes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York
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He J, Liu X, Su C, Wu F, Sun J, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhang C, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Lin X, Tao J. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage Improves Reendothelialization Capacity of Endothelial Progenitor Cells via SIRT3 (Sirtuin 3)-Enhanced SOD2 (Superoxide Dismutase 2) Deacetylation in Hypertension. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1682-1698. [PMID: 31189433 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) leads to impaired endothelial repair capacity in patients with hypertension, but the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is involved in endothelial injury in hypertension. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the deficient endothelial reparative capacity of EPCs and identify enhanced SIRT3 (sirtuin 3)-mediated SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2) deacetylation as a novel endothelial protective mechanism in hypertension. Approach and Results: Hypertension-EPCs displayed increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage, including loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure, and mtDNA oxidative injury, which was coincided with impaired in vitro function and in vivo reendothelialization capacity. The harmful effects of hypertension on mitochondrial function of EPCs were in vitro mimicked by angiotensin II coincubation. Scavenging of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with mitoTEMPO attenuated mitochondrial oxidative damage and rescued reendothelialization capacity. Enzymatic activity and deacetylation level of SOD2 were significantly reduced in hypertension-EPCs, which was accompanied with decreased SIRT3 expression. Knockdown of SIRT3 in EPCs resulted in mitochondrial oxidative damage, hyperacetylation of SOD2, and suppression of reendothelialization capacity. SIRT3 physically interacted with SOD2 and eliminated excess mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, restored mitochondrial function through enhancing SOD2 activity by deacetylation of K68. Upregulation of SIRT3/SOD2 signaling improved reendothelialization capability of EPCs. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated for the first time that mitochondrial oxidative damage because of deficient SIRT3/SOD2 signaling contributes to the decline in reendothelialization capacity of EPCs in hypertension. Maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis in EPCs may be a novel therapeutic target for endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Xing Liu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Chen Su
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Fang Wu
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Jiapan Sun
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Jianning Zhang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Xulong Yang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Chanjuan Zhang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Ziting Zhou
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
| | - Xiufang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China (X.L.)
| | - Jun Tao
- From the Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (J.H., X.L., C.S., F.W., J.S., J.Z., X.Y., C.Z., Z.Z., X.Z., J.T.)
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76
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Samolyuk MO, Grigorieva NY. [Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction and the possibility of its correction at the present stage in patients with cardiovascular diseases]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:4-9. [PMID: 30990146 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review describes the current understanding of endothelial dysfunction, methods of its evaluation, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques. The role of nitric oxide and endothelin as important markers of endothelial dysfunction is shown, and the methods of their determination in clinical practice are described. The authors conclude that in order to improve the life expectancy and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, reduce the risk and frequency of complications and mortality rates, it is necessary to study the function of endothelium in more detail and to look for ways of drug correction, taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Samolyuk
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603950
| | - N Yu Grigorieva
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Minin and Pozharsky square 10/1, Nizhny Novgorod 603950
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77
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Chen X, Taylor-Nguyen NN, Riley AM, Herring BP, White FA, Obukhov AG. The TRPC6 inhibitor, larixyl acetate, is effective in protecting against traumatic brain injury-induced systemic endothelial dysfunction. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:21. [PMID: 30704505 PMCID: PMC6354413 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) is on the rise in the USA. Concussions, or mild TBIs without skull fracture, account for about 75% of all TBIs. Mild TBIs (mTBIs) lead to memory and cognitive deficits, headaches, intraocular pressure rises, axonal degeneration, neuroinflammation, and an array of cerebrovascular dysfunctions, including increased vascular permeability and decreased cerebral blood flow. It has been recently reported that besides vascular dysfunction in the cerebral circulation, mTBI may also cause a significant impairment of endothelial function in the systemic circulation, at least within mesenteric microvessels. In this study, we investigated whether mTBI affects endothelial function in aortas and determined the contribution of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels to modulating mTBI-associated endothelial dysfunction. METHODS We used a model of closed-head mTBI in C57BL/6, 129S, 129S-C57BL/6-F2 mice, and 129S-TRPC1 and 129S-C57BL/6-TRPC6 knockout mice to determine the effect of mTBI on endothelial function in mouse aortas employing ex vivo isometric tension measurements. Aortic tissue was also analyzed using immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR for TRPC6 expression following mTBI. RESULTS We show that in various strains of mice, mTBI induces a pronounced and long-lasting endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. Ablation of TRPC6 protects mice from mTBI-associated aortic endothelial dysfunction, while TRPC1 ablation does not impact brain injury-induced endothelial impairment in the aorta. Consistent with a role of TRPC6 activation following mTBI, we observed improved endothelial function in wild type control mice subjected to mTBI following 7-day in vivo treatment with larixyl acetate, an inhibitor of TRPC6 channels. Conversely, in vitro treatment with the pro-inflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide, which activates endothelial TRPC6 in a Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4)-dependent manner, worsened aortic endothelial dysfunction in wild type mice. Lipopolysaccharide treatment in vitro failed to elicit endothelial dysfunction in TRPC6 knockout mice. No change in endothelial TRPC6 expression was observed 7 days following TBI. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that TRPC6 activation may be critical for inducing endothelial dysfunction following closed-head mTBI and that pharmacological inhibition of the channel may be a feasible therapeutic strategy for preventing mTBI-associated systemic endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Chen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Natalie N. Taylor-Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Ashley M. Riley
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - B. Paul Herring
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Fletcher A. White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Alexander G. Obukhov
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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78
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Shi W, Yuan R, Chen X, Xin Q, Wang Y, Shang X, Cong W, Chen K. Puerarin Reduces Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Targeting eNOS. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:19-38. [PMID: 30612457 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Puerarin is an isoflavonoid isolated from the root of Pueraria lobata (Gegen in Chinese) that has been widely used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. Here, we investigated the hypotensive effects and mechanisms of puerarin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The qPCR array technique was used to determine the expression of hypertension-related genes. Then, the differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the STRING database. The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of rats decreased after the administration of puerarin for nine weeks. Puerarin, but not losartan, also slowed the heart rate of rats. NO and cGMP levels were improved by puerarin. Eighteen differentially expressed hypertension-related genes were identified by comparing the model group with the control group and the high-dose puerarin group with the model group. NO and cGMP levels were increased by high-dose puerarin. High-dose puerarin increased the levels of the phosphorylated eNOS protein and decreased AT1 and Cav1 levels. Based on our results, eNOS was a key target in the mechanism by which puerarin reduced blood pressure, and puerarin represents a potential antihypertensive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shi
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Rong Yuan
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China.,‡ Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xun Chen
- † Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Qiqi Xin
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yan Wang
- § Cardiovascular Department, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaohong Shang
- † Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Weihong Cong
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Keji Chen
- * Cardiovascular Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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79
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Kong Y, Gao Y, Lan D, Zhang Y, Zhan R, Liu M, Zhu Z, Zeng G, Huang Q. Trans-repression of NFκB pathway mediated by PPARγ improves vascular endothelium insulin resistance. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:216-226. [PMID: 30398029 PMCID: PMC6307800 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study has shown that thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improved endothelium insulin resistance (IR) induced by high glucose concentration (HG)/hyperglycaemia through a PPARγ‐dependent‐NFκB trans‐repression mechanism. However, it is unclear, whether changes in PPARγ expression affect the endothelium IR and what the underlying mechanism is. In the present study, we aimed to address this issue. HG‐treated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were transfected by either PPARγ‐overexpressing (Ad‐PPARγ) or PPARγ‐shRNA‐containing (Ad‐PPARγ‐shRNA) adenoviral vectors. Likewise, the rats fed by high‐fat diet (HFD) were infected by intravenous administration of Ad‐PPARγ or Ad‐PPARγ‐shRNA. The levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and cytokines (TNFα, IL‐6, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1) and the expression levels of PPARγ, eNOS, AKT, p‐AKT, IKKα/β and p‐IKKα/β and IκBα were examined; and the interaction between PPARγ and NFκB‐P65 as well as vascular function were evaluated. Our present results showed that overexpression of PPARγ notably increased the levels of NO, eNOS, p‐AKT and IκBα as well as the interaction of PPARγ and NFκB‐P65, and decreased the levels of ET‐1, p‐IKKα/β, TNFα, IL‐6, sICAM‐1 and sVCAM‐1. In contrast, down‐expression of PPARγ displayed the opposite effects. The results demonstrate that the overexpression of PPARγ improves while the down‐expression worsens the endothelium IR via a PPARγ‐mediated NFκB trans‐repression dependent manner. The findings suggest PPARγ is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongyi Lan
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rixin Zhan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhouan Zhu
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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80
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Bernatova I, Puzserova A, Balis P, Sestakova N, Horvathova M, Kralovicova Z, Zitnanova I. Chronic Stress Produces Persistent Increases in Plasma Corticosterone, Reductions in Brain and Cardiac Nitric Oxide Production, and Delayed Alterations in Endothelial Function in Young Prehypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1179. [PMID: 30210360 PMCID: PMC6123386 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) deficiency and/or endothelial dysfunction (ED) are present in young borderline hypertensive rats (BHR) and whether these pathologies can be causally involved in the initiation of blood pressure (BP) increases. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that crowding stress, experienced during the peripubertal period, may produce persistent or delayed disorders in corticosterone release, NO synthesis, oxidative status and/or endothelial function that could accelerate BP increases. To test these hypotheses, 5-week-old male BHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were either kept in control conditions (for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively) or exposed to social stress produced by crowding for 2 weeks (stress). After cessation of crowding, a group of rats of each phenotype was kept in control conditions for the next 2 weeks (post-stress). Systolic BP of 5-week-old BHR was significantly increased vs. age-matched WKY (127 ± 3 vs. 104 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.01) and remained significantly higher throughout the course of the experiment. Despite elevated BP, no signs of oxidative damage to plasma lipids, NO deficiency or ED were observed in control BHR vs. age-matched WKY. Crowding stress elevated plasma corticosterone and accelerated BP increases only in BHR; these effects persisted 2 weeks post-stress. Crowding failed to induce oxidative damage to plasma lipids in either phenotype, but it produced persistent decreases in NO production in the hypothalamus and brainstem of both strains of rats, as well as in the hearts of BHR. In contrast, crowding failed to reduce NO production in the aortae or acetylcholine-induced relaxations of the femoral arteries in both strains investigated. However, significantly reduced aortic NO production was observed in BHR 2 weeks post-stress vs. age-matched controls, which was in agreement with reduced NO-dependent components of vasorelaxation. In conclusion, this study’s data showed that oxidative stress, NO deficiency and ED are not causally involved in initiation of blood pressure increase in BHR. However, exposure to stressful environments produced persistent increases in plasma corticosterone and reductions of brain and cardiac NO production followed by a delayed decrease in the NO-dependent component of endothelium-dependent relaxation—changes that collectively accelerated BP increases only in BHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Bernatova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Angelika Puzserova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Natalia Sestakova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Horvathova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kralovicova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Zitnanova
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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81
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Xian T, Gan Y, Lu Y, Wang M, Yuan W, Zhou Y, Chen J, Wang K, Xiong S, Huang Q. Ameliorative effects of indomethacin at different concentrations on endothelial insulin resistance through two distinct pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1161-1168. [PMID: 30119183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Indomethacin (IDMT), a non-selective inhibitor of cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), plays important roles in anti-inflammation and analgesia and it is commonly used to treat the patients with rheumatic and rheumatoid arthritis. Besides, various literatures reported that IDMT is a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Rosiglitazone (RSG), an insulin-sensitizer, is also a synthetic ligand and applied clinically to cure the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, up to date little is known about whether IDMT ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance (IR). Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of IDMT on endothelial IR and its underlying mechanism. Our present results showed that IDMT improved the endothelial IR induced by high glucose and fat concentration (HG/HF) in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, we further identified that 0.25 mM of IDMT noticeably induced the expression levels of PPARγ, AKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but failed to notably reverse the increases in expression levels of COX-2, inhibitory κB kinase (IKK) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) induced by HG/HF; whereas 1.0 mM of IDMT exerted opposite effects compared with 0.25 mM of IDMT. Therefore, we conclude that IDMT ameliorates the endothelial IR induced by HG/HF through two distinct pathways, i.e., a lower concentration of IDMT through a PPARγ-AKT-eNOS pathway while a higher concentration mainly via an IKK-COX-2/TNFα pathway. The findings might provide a novel clinical use for IDMT to cure IR-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yuyang Gan
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Mengxi Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Wanwan Yuan
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Junye Chen
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Xiong
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, PR China.
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82
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Bai Q, Peng B, Wu X, Cao Y, Sun X, Hong M, Na R, Liu B, Li Q, Li Z, Fang W, Zhu N, Zong C, Yu Q. Metabolomic study for essential hypertension patients based on dried blood spot mass spectrometry approach. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:777-785. [PMID: 30092118 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an increasingly serious public-health challenge worldwide. The traditional blood pressure measurement method could easily and reliably detect blood pressure. However, the delayed symptom onset may influence the screening of essential hypertension (EH). In addition, EH is significantly associated to cardiovascular disease, stroke and kidney disease. Hence, it is urgent to define associated biomarkers with early diagnosis potential for EH. A dried blood spot method integrated with direct infusion mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomic analysis was applied for the detection of metabolites toward 87 EH patients and 91 healthy controls (HC). Multiple algorithms were run on training set (62 EH and 64 HC) for selecting differential metabolites as potential biomarkers. A test set (25 EH and 27 HC) was used to verify and evaluate selected potential biomarkers. A novel blood biomarker model based on Gly, Orn, C10, Orn/Cit, Phe/Tyr, and C5-OH/C8 exhibited potential to differentiate EH patients from HC individuals, with a sensitivity of 0.8400 and a specificity of 0.8889 in test set. The metabolomic analysis of EH is beneficial to the definition of disease-associated biomarkers and the development of new diagnostic approaches. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(8):777-785, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.,Internal medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baohua Peng
- Clinical Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunfeng Cao
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Laboratory of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Mo Hong
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,RSKT Biopharma Inc, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Rongmei Na
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Baiting Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qianxiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhuanghe Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengguo Zong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Kho J, Tian X, Wong WT, Bertin T, Jiang MM, Chen S, Jin Z, Shchelochkov OA, Burrage LC, Reddy AK, Jiang H, Abo-Zahrah R, Ma S, Zhang P, Bissig KD, Kim JJ, Devaraj S, Rodney GG, Erez A, Bryan NS, Nagamani SC, Lee BH. Argininosuccinate Lyase Deficiency Causes an Endothelial-Dependent Form of Hypertension. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:276-287. [PMID: 30075114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease. Insights obtained from the study of rare Mendelian forms of hypertension have been invaluable in elucidating the mechanisms causing primary hypertension and development of antihypertensive therapies. Endothelial cells play a key role in the regulation of blood pressure; however, a Mendelian form of hypertension that is primarily due to endothelial dysfunction has not yet been described. Here, we show that the urea cycle disorder, argininosuccinate lyase deficiency (ASLD), can manifest as a Mendelian form of endothelial-dependent hypertension. Using data from a human clinical study, a mouse model with endothelial-specific deletion of argininosuccinate lyase (Asl), and in vitro studies in human aortic endothelial cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells from individuals with ASLD, we show that loss of ASL in endothelial cells leads to endothelial-dependent vascular dysfunction with reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, increased oxidative stress, and impaired angiogenesis. Our findings show that ASLD is a unique model for studying NO-dependent endothelial dysfunction in human hypertension.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes what is known concerning the burden of hypertension among people living with HIV (PLHIV), and also addresses relevant topics with respect to its risk factors and clinical management. RECENT FINDINGS Hypertension is highly prevalent in HIV-positive populations, and may be more common than in HIV-negative populations. Risk factors contributing to the development of hypertension in PLHIV include demographic factors, genetic predisposition, lifestyle, comorbidities such as obesity, antiretroviral therapy-related changes in body composition, and potentially also immunodeficiency, immune activation and inflammation, as well as effects from antiretroviral therapy itself. Clinical management of hypertension in PLHIV requires awareness for drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs and antihypertensive drugs. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in PLHIV is currently suboptimal and should be improved. SUMMARY The burden of hypertension among PLHIV is high and its pathophysiology most likely multifactorial. Elucidating the exact pathophysiology of hypertension in PLHIV is vital as this may provide new targets to impact and improve clinical management. In the meantime, efforts should be made to improve hypertension management as per existing clinical guidelines in order to safeguard cardiovascular health and quality of life in PLHIV.
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Shear stress: An essential driver of endothelial progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:46-69. [PMID: 29549046 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood flow through vessels produces a tangential, or shear, stress sensed by their innermost layer (i.e., endothelium) and representing a major hemodynamic force. In humans, endothelial repair and blood vessel formation are mainly performed by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) characterized by a considerable expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), CD34, and CD133, pronounced tube formation activity in vitro, and strong reendothelialization or neovascularization capacity in vivo. EPCs have been proposed as a promising agent to induce reendothelialization of injured arteries, neovascularization of ischemic tissues, and endothelialization or vascularization of bioartificial constructs. A number of preconditioning approaches have been suggested to improve the regenerative potential of EPCs, including the use of biophysical stimuli such as shear stress. However, in spite of well-defined influence of shear stress on mature endothelial cells (ECs), articles summarizing how it affects EPCs are lacking. Here we discuss the impact of shear stress on homing, paracrine effects, and differentiation of EPCs. Unidirectional laminar shear stress significantly promotes homing of circulating EPCs to endothelial injury sites, induces anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic phenotype of EPCs, increases their capability to form capillary-like tubes in vitro, and enhances differentiation of EPCs into mature ECs in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are mediated by VEGFR2, Tie2, Notch, and β1/3 integrin signaling and can be abrogated by means of complementary siRNA/shRNA or selective pharmacological inhibitors of the respective proteins. Although the testing of sheared EPCs for vascular tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications is still an unaccomplished task, favorable effects of unidirectional laminar shear stress on EPCs suggest its usefulness for their preconditioning.
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Li B, Yang ZB, Lei SS, Su J, Jin ZW, Chen SH, Lv GY. Combined Antihypertensive Effect of Paeoniflorin Enriched Extract and Metoprolol in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2018; 14:44-52. [PMID: 29576700 PMCID: PMC5858241 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_483_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a great global health challenge and it mostly requires drug combination therapy with the various advantages. Metoprolol (MP) and paeoniflorin are both commonly used for the treatment of hypertension. However, whether they exert synergistic effects on antihypertension or not remains unclear, especially on vascular endothelial function. Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the advantages of the combined antihypertensive effects of paeoniflorin enriched extract from Radix Paeoniae Alba (RE) and MP in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Materials and Methods: SHR divided into six groups (n = 8 each group), animals in each group were administrated orally with distilled water, MP (6 and 20 mg/kg), RE (30 and 90 mg/kg), and MP (6 mg/kg) combined with RE (30 mg/kg) (MP + RE), respectively, daily for 6 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) and microcirculation were assessed. The organ bath experiment and hematoxylin and eosin staining were, respectively, performed for the functional and pathological vascular function analysis. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in aorta, heart, and kidney. Further, high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to quantitatively determine paeoniflorin in RE and MP + RE sample solvent, as well as in plasma of Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) after single-dose administration of them. Results: The results showed that MP + RE significantly reduced BP, increased microcirculation, improved vascular function and pathological changes, and upregulated eNOS expression. MP was also found to increase the blood concentration of paeoniflorin in SD. Conclusion: The combination of RE and MP could be used for the treatment of hypertension and could improve microcirculation, upregulate eNOS expression, and mitigate endothelial dysfunction in SHR. SUMMARY Paeoniflorin enriched extract from Radix Paeoniae Alba and metoprolol exert synergistic antihypertensive effects.
Abbreviations used: RE: Paeoniflorin enriched extract from Radix Paeoniae Alba, MP: Metoprolol, MP + RE: MP combined with RE, NC: Normal control, MC: Model control, SHR: Spontaneously hypertensive rats, SD: Sprague-Dawley rats, H and E: Hematoxylin and eosin, BP: Blood pressure, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, MBP: Mean arterial blood pressure, NA: Norepinephrine, ACh: Acetylcholine, SNP: Nitroprusside, NO: Nitric oxide, eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase, RPA: Radices Paeoniae Alba, IHC: Immunohistochemistry, Cmax: Peak concentration, Tmax: The time to reach Cmax, t½: Half-life, AUC0-t: Area under the curve of 0-t time; MRT0-t: Mean residence of 0-t time; CL: Clearance rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R China
| | - Zheng-Biao Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R China
| | - Shan-Sha Lei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R China
| | - Ze-Wu Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P. R China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R China
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Flow-mediated slowing of brachial-radial pulse wave velocity: Methodological aspects and clinical determinants. Artery Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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88
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Li K, Zhao W, Wang L, Yang X, Yang X. Effect modification of hypertension on the association of vitamin D deficiency with severity of coronary stenosis. Blood Press 2017; 27:134-140. [PMID: 29254371 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2017.1416951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There may exist an effect modification of hypertension on the relation of vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate this interaction on coronary heart disease. METHODS We investigated 348 consecutive patients (mean age 62.4 ± 10.5 years; 56.3% male) who underwent coronary angiography because of chest discomfort at our heart center. Serum 25-OH vitamin D was also detected by ELISA method in these patients. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odd ratios (ORs) of CHD across vitamin D levels in hypertensives and normotensives, respectively. RESULTS We found the multivariable-adjusted ORs of CHD in the bottom(≤8.5 ng/ml) and middle tertiles (8.5-13 ng/ml) of 25-OH vitamin D were 2.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38, 5.92) and 1.63 (0.83, 3.20), respectively, compared with those in top tertiles (>13ng/ml) among hypertensives (Ptrend=0.005). In contrast, the corresponding ORs of the above two groups were 0.88 (0.28, 2.74) and 1.23 (0.42, 4.00), respectively, in the normotensives (Ptrend = 0.800; Peffect modification = 0.020). The multivariable-adjusted OR of CHD in patients with severe hypovitaminosis D (<10 ng/ml) versus those with higher vitamin D (≧10 ng/ml) was also greater in hypertensives (2.76; 95% CI: 1.51, 5.04) than that in normotensives (0.92; 95% CI: 0.37, 2.33; Peffect modification=0.013). Similar results were observed when Gensini Score was treated as a dependent variable. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests the presence of hypertension may modify the association of vitamin D deficiency with severity of coronary stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuibao Li
- a Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Wenshu Zhao
- a Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Lefeng Wang
- a Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiyan Yang
- a Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- a Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension , Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Selective impairment of blood pressure reduction by endothelial nitric oxide synthase dimer destabilization in mice. J Hypertens 2017; 35:76-88. [PMID: 27861245 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with hypertension but whether endothelial superoxide may play a role in the early development of essential hypertension remains uncertain. We investigated whether endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived endothelial oxidative stress is involved in the regulation of SBP. METHODS Wild-type eNOS [mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of bovine endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS-Tg)] or a novel dimer-destabilized eNOS-mutant harboring a partially disrupted zinc-finger [mice with endothelium-specific overexpression of destabilized bovine eNOS destabilized by replacement of Cys 101 to Ala (C101A-eNOS-Tg)] was introduced in C57BL/6 in an endothelial-specific manner. Mice were monitored for aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation, SBP, levels of superoxide and several posttranslational modifications indicating activity and/or increased vascular oxidative stress. Some groups of mice underwent voluntary exercise training for 4 weeks or treatment with the superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol. RESULTS C101A-eNOS-Tg showed significantly increased superoxide generation, protein-tyrosine-nitration and eNOS-tyrosine-nitration, eNOS-S-glutathionylation, eNOS phosphorylation and AMP kinase-α phosphorylation at Thr172 in aorta, skeletal muscle, left ventricular myocardium and lung as compared with eNOS-Tg and wild-type controls. Exercise training increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser and AMP kinase-α in wild-type. These physiologic adaptations were absent in C101A-eNOS-Tg. Maximal aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation was similar in all strains. C101A-eNOS-Tg displayed normal SBP despite higher levels of eNOS, whereas eNOS-Tg showed significant hypotension. Tempol completely reversed the occurring protein modifications and significantly reduced SBP in C101A-eNOS-Tg but not in wild-type. CONCLUSION Oxidative stress generated by endothelial-specific expression of genetically destabilized C101A-eNOS selectively prevents SBP-reducing activity of vascular eNOS, while having no effect on aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation. These data suggest that oxidative stress in microvascular endothelium may play a role for the development of essential hypertension.
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Faria TDO, Angeli JK, Mello LGM, Pinto GC, Stefanon I, Vassallo DV, Lizardo JHDF. A Single Resistance Exercise Session Improves Aortic Endothelial Function in Hypertensive Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:228-236. [PMID: 28443955 PMCID: PMC5389872 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is an important tool for the improvement of endothelial function. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of acute dynamic resistance exercise on the endothelial function of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS Ten minutes after exercise, the aorta was removed to evaluate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS1177) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and to generate concentration-response curves to acetylcholine (ACh) and to phenylephrine (PHE). The PHE protocol was also performed with damaged endothelium and before and after NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin administration. The maximal response (Emax) and the sensitivity (EC50) to these drugs were evaluated. RESULTS ACh-induced relaxation increased in the aortic rings of exercised (Ex) rats (Emax= -80 ± 4.6%, p < 0.05) when compared to those of controls (Ct) (Emax = -50 ± 6.8%). The Emax to PHE was decreased following exercise conditions (95 ± 7.9%, p < 0.05) when compared to control conditions (120 ± 4.2%). This response was abolished after L-NAME administration or endothelial damage. In the presence of indomethacin, the aortic rings' reactivity to PHE was decreased in both groups (EC50= Ex -5.9 ± 0.14 vs. Ct -6.6 ± 0.33 log µM, p < 0.05 / Emax = Ex 9.5 ± 2.9 vs. Ct 17 ± 6.2%, p < 0.05). Exercise did not alter the expression of eNOS and iNOS, but increased the level of p-eNOS. CONCLUSION A single resistance exercise session improves endothelial function in hypertensive rats. This response seems to be mediated by increased NO production through eNOS activation.
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Adiponectina plasmática en mujeres obesas y no obesas con síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos. PERINATOLOGÍA Y REPRODUCCIÓN HUMANA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rprh.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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92
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Regoli D, Gobeil F. Kallikrein-kinin system as the dominant mechanism to counteract hyperactive renin-angiotensin system. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1117-1124. [PMID: 28384411 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) generates, maintains, and makes worse hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through its biologically active component angiotensin II (Ang II), that causes vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and structural alterations of the heart and the arteries. A few endogenous vasodilators, kinins, natriuretic peptides, and possibly angiotensin (1-7), exert opposite actions and may provide useful therapeutic agents. As endothelial autacoids, the kinins are potent vasodilators, active natriuretics, and protectors of the endothelium. Indeed, the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is considered the dominant mechanism for counteracting the detrimental effects of the hyperactive RAS. The 2 systems, RAS and KKS, are controlled by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that generates Ang II and inactivates the kinins. Inhibitors of ACE can reduce the impact of Ang II and potentiate the kinins, thus contributing to restore the cardiovascular homeostasis. In the last 20 years, ACE-inhibitors (ACE-Is) have become the drugs of first choice for the treatments of the major CVDs. ACE-Is not only reduce blood pressure, as sartans also do, but by protecting and potentiating the kinins, they can reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life for patients with CVDs. This paper provides a brief review of the literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Regoli
- a Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- b Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, Department of Medicine, and Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.
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