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Safety of Human Papillomavirus 9-Valent Vaccine: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:3736201. [PMID: 28812030 PMCID: PMC5546048 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3736201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has been progressively implemented in most developed countries for approximately 10 years. In order to increase the protection of the vaccines, a 9-valent vaccine (HPV9) was developed, which provides protection against nine types of the virus. Studies evaluating its safety are rare. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of three clinical trials assessing adverse effects on women randomly vaccinated with HPV9 or tetravalent vaccine (HPV4), with the objective of analyzing whether the HPV9 is as safe as HPV4. An electronic data search was performed through the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. The studies selected 27,465 women who received one of the two vaccines. Pain (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.62–1.82) and erythema (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.21–1.36) occurred significantly more in the HPV9 group. However, there was no significant difference between the groups for the following adverse effects: headache (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.99–1.15), dizziness (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.93–1.27), and fatigue (OR 1.09; 95% CI 0.91–1.30), and the occurrence of serious events related to vaccination was similarly rare among those vaccinated. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that HPV9 in female patients is as safe as the tetravalent vaccine.
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Martínez-Lavín M, Amezcua-Guerra L. Serious adverse events after HPV vaccination: a critical review of randomized trials and post-marketing case series. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:2169-2178. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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53
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Chen X, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhang T, Hu M, Qiao L, Xu X. Human papillomavirus 16L1-58L2 chimeric virus-like particles elicit durable neutralizing antibody responses against a broad-spectrum of human papillomavirus types. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63333-63344. [PMID: 28968993 PMCID: PMC5609925 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutralizing antibodies elicited by human papillomavirus (HPV) major capsid protein L1 virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines are largely type-specific. An HPV vaccine inducing cross-neutralizing antibodies broadly will be cost-effective and of great value. To this end, we constructed HPV16L1-58L2 chimeric VLP (cVLP) by displaying HPV58 L2 aa.16-37 on the DE surface region of HPV16 L1. We found that vaccination with the HPV16L1-58L2 cVLP formulated with alum plus monophosphoryl lipid A (Alum-MPL) adjuvant elicited robust neutralizing antibodies in both mice and rabbits against all tested HPV types including HPV16/31/33/35/52/58 (genus α9), HPV18/39/45/59/68 (genus α7), HPV6/11 (genus α10), HPV2/27/57 (genus α4), and HPV5 (genus β1). Importantly, the cross-neutralizing antibody response was maintained at least 82 weeks in mice or 42 weeks in rabbits, and complete protection against HPV58 was observed at week 85 in mice. Our data demonstrate that HPV16L1-58L2 cVLP is an excellent pan-HPV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meili Hu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.,Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Department of Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Ogawa Y, Takei H, Ogawa R, Mihara K. Safety of human papillomavirus vaccines in healthy young women: a meta-analysis of 24 controlled studies. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2017; 3:18. [PMID: 28702209 PMCID: PMC5504559 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-017-0087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have been shown to be effective for the eradication of HPV and prevention of cervical cancer. However, the number of women who receive HPV vaccinations has decreased over the last several years in Japan, due to concerns about adverse reactions associated with the vaccines. We evaluated the safety of three types of HPV vaccines separately in young women and the difference in the risk of adverse reactions between HPV and other vaccines by conducting a meta-analysis. METHODS Primary literature was retrieved from MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina. Prospective controlled studies with participants consisting exclusively of healthy women who received bivalent, quadrivalent, or 9-valent HPV (2vHPV, 4vHPV or 9vHPV) vaccines were included. Primary safety outcome was the incidence of solicited local and systemic symptoms, and unsolicited symptoms. When two or more studies were found for the same analysis, a meta-analysis was applied. RESULTS A total of 24 controlled studies from 22 articles were included in our study. Of the 24 studies, 16 were placebo-controlled and eight were active-controlled (different HPV vaccine or hepatitis vaccine). Average ages of the participants ranged from 12 to 37 years. A significantly higher incidence of solicited local symptoms was observed following injection of HPV vaccines (2vHPV and 4vHPV) compared to placebo, but there was no difference between HPV vaccines [risk ratio (RR) for 2vHPV: 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09 to 1.43, RR for 4vHPV: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.20]. The incidence of solicited systemic symptoms was not different between HPV vaccines and placebo (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.09). The incidence of unsolicited symptoms was significantly higher for 2vHPV vaccine compared to placebo (RR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.63), but was not significantly different between 2vHPV and hepatitis B vaccines. CONCLUSIONS HPV vaccines had significantly higher risk of any injection site symptom compared to placebo or other vaccines (hepatitis A and B vaccines), and the incidence of solicited local symptoms was no difference between 2vHPV vaccination and 4vHPV vaccination. However, the most adverse reactions were transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Hinako Takei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, 1-1-20 Shinmachi Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, 202-8585 Japan
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55
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Gupta G, Glueck R, Patel PR. HPV vaccines: Global perspectives. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1-4. [PMID: 28362244 PMCID: PMC5489288 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1289301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of HPV as the etiological factor for HPV-associated malignancies and disease has opened up several opportunities for prevention and therapy. Current commercially available HPV vaccines (Gardasil, Gardasil 9, and Cervarix) are prophylactic in nature and derived from adjuvanted L1-based virus-like particles of HPV. Globally, through several clinical trials, they were found to be very safe and efficacious. Certain limitations such as cost-effectiveness, low coverage against all HPV types and a 3-dose schedule make these vaccines difficult to use worldwide. Approaches to address these issues involve alternate expression systems using L1 or alternate antigen (L2) as well as optimizing doses and broadening protection to provide cheap and cross-protective vaccines. Additionally, promising preclinical immunogenicity results from our own studies using alternative hosts such as Pichia and an antigen delivery system-based measles vector have potential for development as next generation HPV prophylactic vaccines. Several other therapeutic approaches are also ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Zydus Biologics Compound, Changodar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Reinhard Glueck
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Zydus Biologics Compound, Changodar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankaj R. Patel
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Zydus Biologics Compound, Changodar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Terlizzi JP, Goldstone SE. The role of HPV vaccination in the prevention of anal dysplasia. SEMINARS IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.scrs.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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57
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Petersen LK, Restrepo J, Moreira ED, Iversen OE, Pitisuttithum P, Van Damme P, Joura EA, Olsson SE, Ferris D, Block S, Giuliano AR, Bosch X, Pils S, Cuzick J, Garland SM, Huh W, Kjaer SK, Bautista OM, Hyatt D, Maansson R, Moeller E, Qi H, Roberts C, Luxembourg A. Impact of baseline covariates on the immunogenicity of the 9-valent HPV vaccine - A combined analysis of five phase III clinical trials. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 3:105-115. [PMID: 28720442 PMCID: PMC5883201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity profile of the 9-valent HPV (9vHPV) vaccine was evaluated across five phase III clinical studies conducted in girls and boys 9-15 years of age and young women 16-26 years of age. The effect of baseline characteristics of subjects on vaccine-induced HPV antibody responses was assessed. METHODS Immunogenicity data from 11,304 subjects who received ≥1 dose of 9vHPV vaccine in five Phase III studies were analyzed. Vaccine was administered as a 3-dose regimen. HPV antibody titers were assessed 1 month after dose 3 using a competitive Luminex immunoassay and summarized as geometric mean titers (GMTs). Covariates examined were age, gender, race, region of residence, and HPV serostatus and PCR status at day 1. RESULTS GMTs to all 9 vaccine HPV types decreased with age at vaccination initiation, and were otherwise generally similar among the demographic subgroups defined by gender, race and region of residence. For all subgroups defined by race or region of residence, GMTs were higher in girls and boys than in young women. Vaccination of subjects who were seropositive at day 1 to a vaccine HPV type resulted in higher GMTs to that type, compared with those in subjects who were seronegative for that type at day 1. CONCLUSIONS 9vHPV vaccine immunogenicity was robust among subjects with differing baseline characteristics. It was generally comparable across subjects of different races and from different regions. Greater immunogenicity in girls and boys versus young women (the population used to establish 9vHPV vaccine efficacy in clinical studies) indicates that the anti-HPV responses generated by the vaccine in adolescents from all races or regions were sufficient to induce high-level protective efficacy. This immunogenicity profile supports a widespread 9vHPV vaccination program and early vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone K Petersen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaime Restrepo
- Fundación Centro de Investigación Clínica CIC, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Edson D Moreira
- Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ole-Erik Iversen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Pierre Van Damme
- Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elmar A Joura
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Daron Ferris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Stan Block
- Kentucky Pediatric and Adult Research, Inc., Bardstown, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Sophie Pils
- Medical University of Vienna, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, UK
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Warner Huh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center and Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Qi
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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58
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Bosch FX, Moreno D, Redondo E, Torné A. [Human papillomavirus nonavalent vaccine. Update 2017]. Semergen 2017; 43:265-276. [PMID: 28549940 DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of 5% of human cancers. HPV infection is necessary for the development of cervical cancer and is responsible of a variable percentage of cancers of anus, vulva, vagina, penis, and oropharynx. Since 2007, 2 vaccines against HPV have been commercially available in Spain: bivalent (HPV types 16/18), and tetravalent (HPV types 6/11/16/18). In order to extend the protection afforded by HPV vaccines, a clinical program was launched in 2006 for the new nonavalent vaccine, including 9 HPV types (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58). These types are responsible for 90% of cervical cancers, 82% of high-grade ano-genital pre-cancerous lesions, and 90% of genital warts. The purpose of this publication is to provide healthcare professionals with the scientific evidence that supports the new vaccine, as well as the clinical value that it offers in our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F X Bosch
- Servicio de Epidemiología del Cáncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Barcelona, España; Programa de Recerca en Epidemiologia del Càncer, Institut Català d'Oncologia, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - D Moreno
- Sección de Infectología e Inmunodeficiencias, UGC Pediatría, Hospital Materno-Infantil, Complejo Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, España; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, España
| | - E Redondo
- Centro de Salud Internacional, Madrid Salud, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid, España; Grupo de Actividades Preventivas y Salud Pública de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN), Madrid, España
| | - A Torné
- Unidad de Ginecología Oncológica, Instituto Clínico de Ginecología y Obstetricia y Neonatología (ICGON), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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59
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Human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine for cancer prevention: a systematic review of the available evidence. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:1962-1982. [PMID: 28446260 PMCID: PMC5974698 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, the Food and Drug Administration approved a new human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine (9vHPV), targeting nine HPV types: HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18, which are also targeted by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV), plus five additional high cancer risk HPV types (HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58). The aim of the current study was to systematically retrieve, qualitatively and quantitatively pool, as well as critically appraise all available evidence on 9vHPV from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We conducted a systematic review of the literature on 9vHPV efficacy, immunogenicity and safety, as well as a systematic search of registered, completed, and ongoing RCTs. We retrieved and screened 227 records for eligibility. A total of 10 publications reported on RCTs’ results on 9vHPV and were included in the review. Sixteen RCTs on 9vHPV have been registered on RCT registries. There is evidence that 9vHPV generated a response to HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18 that was non-inferior to qHPV. Vaccine efficacy against five additional HPV type-related diseases was directly assessed on females aged 16–26 years (risk reduction against high-grade cervical, vulvar or vaginal disease = 96·7%, 95% CI 80·9%–99·8%). Bridging efficacy was demonstrated for males and females aged 9–15 years and males aged 16–26 years (the lower bound of the 95% CIs of both the geometric mean titer ratio and difference in seroconversion rates meeting the criteria for non-inferiority for all HPV types). Overall, 9vHPV has been proved to be safe and well tolerated. Other RCTs addressed: 9vHPV co-administration with other vaccines, 9vHPV administration in subjects that previously received qHPV and 9vHPV efficacy in regimens containing fewer than three doses. The inclusion of additional HPV types in 9vHPV offers great potential to expand protection against HPV infection. However, the impact of 9vHPV on reducing the global burden of HPV-related disease will greatly depend on vaccine uptake, coverage, availability, and affordability.
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60
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Bagella P, Fiore V, Caruana G, Ortu S, Babudieri S, Madeddu G. Human Papilloma Virus Infections in Men: Focus on Vaccination and Treatment Options. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40506-017-0112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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61
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Huang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Xia N, Zhao Q. Escherichia coli-derived virus-like particles in vaccine development. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:3. [PMID: 29263864 PMCID: PMC5627247 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-017-0006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant virus-like particle-based vaccines are composed of viral structural proteins and mimic authentic native viruses but are devoid of viral genetic materials. They are the active components in highly safe and effective vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases. Several expression systems have been used for virus-like particle production, ranging from Escherichia coli to mammalian cell lines. The prokaryotic expression system, especially Escherichia coli, is the preferred expression host for producing vaccines for global use. Hecolin, the first licensed virus-like particle vaccine derived from Escherichia coli, has been demonstrated to possess good safety and high efficacy. In this review, we focus on Escherichia coli-derived virus-like particle based vaccines and vaccine candidates that are used for prevention (immunization against microbial pathogens) or disease treatment (directed against cancer or non-infectious diseases). The native-like spatial or higher-order structure is essential for the function of virus-like particles. Thus, the tool box for analyzing the key physicochemical, biochemical and functional attributes of purified virus-like particles will also be discussed. In summary, the Escherichia coli expression system has great potentials for producing a range of proteins with self-assembling properties to be used as vaccine antigens given the proper epitopes were preserved when compared to those in the native pathogens or disease-related target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China.,School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China.,School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102 PR China
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Iwata S, Murata S, Rong Han S, Wakana A, Sawata M, Tanaka Y. Safety and Immunogenicity of a 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Administered to 9- to 15-Year-Old Japanese Girls. Jpn J Infect Dis 2017; 70:368-373. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2016.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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63
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Abstract
Starting in 2006, vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) has been progressively implemented in most developed countries. Two vaccines have been successfully used, a bivalent vaccine targeting HPV-related cancers (bHPV) and a quadrivalent vaccine (qHPV) targeting both HPV-related cancers and genital warts. Between December 2014 and June 2015, a new nonavalent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) was granted marketing authorization in the USA and Europe. The 9vHPV was developed from the qHPV and includes five additional HPV types that should increase the level of protection toward HPV-related cancers. Efficacy and/or immunogenicity of 9vHPV has been assessed in eight clinical studies. The 9vHPV vaccine induced a very robust immune response against all vaccine types, with seroconversion rates close to 100%. The safety profile of 9vHPV is comparable to that of qHPV. Local reactions, especially swelling, have been more frequently reported after 9vHPV than qHPV, and this slightly increases when the 9vHPV is coadministered with other vaccines. The additional coverage offered by the 9vHPV may prevent a significant proportion of HPV-related cancers (variable between 8% and 18%) depending on the local distribution of high-risk HPV types in the population. It is impossible, at present, to anticipate the actual impact of the wide use of the 9vHPV in comparison with the bHPV or the qHPV, since it depends on many variables including duration of protection, potential cross-protection toward nonvaccine types, and herd immunity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Lopalco
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Schlecht NF, Diaz A, Shankar V, Szporn AH, Wu M, Nucci-Sack A, Peake K, Strickler HD, Burk RD. Risk of Delayed Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Inner-City Adolescent Women. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1952-1960. [PMID: 27738056 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the United States is slow, and the effectiveness of the vaccine has not been assessed in high-risk adolescent populations. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study of 1139 sexually active, inner-city adolescent women receiving the 3-dose quadrivalent (4vHPV) vaccine. Cervical and anal specimens collected semiannually were tested using an L1-specific polymerase chain reaction assay. Postvaccination incidence of 4vHPV vaccine and nonvaccine HPV types, and risk of cervical cytological abnormalities, were assessed in relation to time to completion of all 3 vaccine doses. RESULTS Compared to vaccine naive women at enrollment, vaccinated women had significantly lower incidence rate ratios of cervical infection with HPV6/11/16/18 (0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], .1-.4) and the related types HPV31 and HPV45 (0.4 [95% CI, .2-1.0] and 0.3 [95% CI, .1-.6], respectively), as well as significantly lower incidence rate ratios of anal infection with HPV6/11/16/18 (0.4; 95% CI, .2-.7). Notably, we observed higher risks of cervical HPV6/11/16/18 infection (hazards ratio [HR], 2.9; 95% CI, 1.0-8.0) and associated cytological abnormalities (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, .7-26.0) among women immunized at ≥15 years of age who took ≥12 months (vs <12 months) to complete the 3-dose regimen. CONCLUSIONS Among adolescents immunized at ≥15 years of age, a longer time to complete the 3-dose schedule was associated with an increased risk of anogenital HPV6/11/16/18 infection and an increased incidence of associated cervical cytological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Diaz
- Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, New York
| | | | - Arnold H Szporn
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, New York
| | - Maoxin Wu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, New York
| | - Anne Nucci-Sack
- Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, New York
| | - Ken Peake
- Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Manhattan, New York
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65
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Change Suboptimal Tactics and Promote a National Mandatory Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2016; 20:348-351. [DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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McKeage K, Lyseng-Williamson KA. 9-Valent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine (Gardasil® 9): a guide to its use in the EU. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-016-0337-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Saslow D, Andrews KS, Manassaram-Baptiste D, Loomer L, Lam KE, Fisher-Borne M, Smith RA, Fontham ETH. Human papillomavirus vaccination guideline update: American Cancer Society guideline endorsement. CA Cancer J Clin 2016; 66:375-85. [PMID: 27434803 PMCID: PMC5555157 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The American Cancer Society (ACS) reviewed and updated its guideline on human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination based on a methodologic and content review of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) HPV vaccination recommendations. A literature review was performed to supplement the evidence considered by the ACIP and to address new vaccine formulations and recommendations as well as new data on population outcomes since publication of the 2007 ACS guideline. The ACS Guideline Development Group determined that the evidence supports ACS endorsement of the ACIP recommendations, with one qualifying statement related to late vaccination. The ACS recommends vaccination of all children at ages 11 and 12 years to protect against HPV infections that lead to several cancers and precancers. Late vaccination for those not vaccinated at the recommended ages should be completed as soon as possible, and individuals should be informed that vaccination may not be effective at older ages. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:375-385. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Saslow
- Director, Cancer Control Intervention, Human Papillomavirus and Women’s Cancers, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Lacey Loomer
- Graduate Student, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kristina E. Lam
- Medical Epidemiologist, Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marcie Fisher-Borne
- Program Director, Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Robert A. Smith
- Vice President, Cancer Screening, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elizabeth T. H. Fontham
- Founding Dean and Professor Emeritus, Louisiana State University School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA
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Gupta G, Giannino V, Rishi N, Glueck R. Immunogenicity of next-generation HPV vaccines in non-human primates: Measles-vectored HPV vaccine versus Pichia pastoris recombinant protein vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:4724-4731. [PMID: 27523740 PMCID: PMC7126718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide. HPVs are oncogenic small double-stranded DNA viruses that are the primary causal agent of cervical cancer and other types of cancers, including in the anus, oropharynx, vagina, vulva, and penis. Prophylactic vaccination against HPV is an attractive strategy for preventing cervical cancer and some other types of cancers. However, there are few safe and effective vaccines against HPV infections. Current first-generation commercial HPV vaccines are expensive to produce and deliver. The goal of this study was to develop an alternate potent HPV recombinant L1-based vaccines by producing HPV virus-like particles into a vaccine that is currently used worldwide. Live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccines have a well-established safety and efficacy record, and recombinant MV (rMV) produced by reverse genetics may be useful for generating candidate HPV vaccines to meet the needs of the developing world. We studied in non-human primate rMV-vectored HPV vaccine in parallel with a classical alum adjuvant recombinant HPV16L1 and 18L1 protein vaccine produced in Pichia pastoris. A combined prime-boost approach using both vaccines was evaluated, as well as immune interference due to pre-existing immunity against the MV. The humoral immune response induced by the MV, Pichia-expressed vaccine, and their combination as priming and boosting approaches was found to elicit HPV16L1 and 18L1 specific total IgG and neutralizing antibody titres. Pre-existing antibodies against measles did not prevent the immune response against HPV16L1 and 18L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Virology, Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Ahmedabad, India; Etna Biotech S.r.l., Stradale Vincenzo Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy; Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Viviana Giannino
- Etna Biotech S.r.l., Stradale Vincenzo Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy.
| | - Narayan Rishi
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Reinhard Glueck
- Department of Virology, Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd., Ahmedabad, India; Etna Biotech S.r.l., Stradale Vincenzo Lancia 57, 95121 Catania, Italy
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69
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Moreira ED, Block SL, Ferris D, Giuliano AR, Iversen OE, Joura EA, Kosalaraksa P, Schilling A, Van Damme P, Bornstein J, Bosch FX, Pils S, Cuzick J, Garland SM, Huh W, Kjaer SK, Qi H, Hyatt D, Martin J, Moeller E, Ritter M, Baudin M, Luxembourg A. Safety Profile of the 9-Valent HPV Vaccine: A Combined Analysis of 7 Phase III Clinical Trials. Pediatrics 2016; 138:e20154387. [PMID: 27422279 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2015-4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The overall safety profile of the 9-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV) vaccine was evaluated across 7 Phase III studies, conducted in males and females (nonpregnant at entry), 9 to 26 years of age. METHODS Vaccination was administered as a 3-dose regimen at day 1, and months 2 and 6. More than 15 000 subjects received ≥1 dose of 9vHPV vaccine. In 2 of the studies, >7000 control subjects received ≥1 dose of quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine. Serious and nonserious adverse events (AEs) and new medical conditions were recorded throughout the study. Subjects testing positive for pregnancy at day 1 were not vaccinated; those who became pregnant after day 1 were discontinued from further vaccination until resolution of the pregnancy. Pregnancies detected after study start (n = 2950) were followed to outcome. RESULTS The most common AEs (≥5%) experienced by 9vHPV vaccine recipients were injection-site AEs (pain, swelling, erythema) and vaccine-related systemic AEs (headache, pyrexia). Injection-site AEs were more common in 9vHPV vaccine than qHPV vaccine recipients; most were mild-to-moderate in intensity. Discontinuations and vaccine-related serious AEs were rare (0.1% and <0.1%, respectively). Seven deaths were reported; none were considered vaccine related. The proportions of pregnancies with adverse outcome were within ranges reported in the general population. CONCLUSIONS The 9vHPV vaccine was generally well tolerated in subjects aged 9 to 26 years with an AE profile similar to that of the qHPV vaccine; injection-site AEs were more common with 9vHPV vaccine. Its additional coverage and safety profile support widespread 9vHPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson D Moreira
- Associação Obras Sociais Irmã Dulce and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Stan L Block
- Kentucky Pediatric/Adult Research, Inc, Bardstown, Kentucky
| | - Daron Ferris
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Elmar A Joura
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pope Kosalaraksa
- Department of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Andrea Schilling
- Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad Del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jacob Bornstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Galilee Medical Center and Bar Ilan University Faculty of Medicine, Nahariya, Israel
| | | | - Sophie Pils
- Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne M Garland
- Royal Women's Hospital, University of Melbourne and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Warner Huh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center and Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hong Qi
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey; and
| | - Donna Hyatt
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey; and
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70
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Van Damme P, Meijer CJLM, Kieninger D, Schuyleman A, Thomas S, Luxembourg A, Baudin M. A phase III clinical study to compare the immunogenicity and safety of the 9-valent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines in men. Vaccine 2016; 34:4205-4212. [PMID: 27354258 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nine-valent human papilloma virus (9vHPV) vaccine has been developed to prevent infections and diseases related to HPV 6/11/16/18 (as per the licensed quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine) as well as to five additional oncogenic HPV types (HPV 31/33/45/52/58). The 9vHPV vaccine has the potential to prevent 90% of cervical cancers, HPV-related anal, vaginal and vulval cancers and anogenital warts. We compared the immunogenicity and safety of the 9vHPV vaccine versus the qHPV vaccine in 16-26-year-old men. METHODS Participants (N=500) were randomised to receive 9vHPV or qHPV vaccines on day 1, month 2 and month 6. Serology testing was performed on day 1 and month 7. HPV type-specific antibody titres (anti-HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) were determined by competitive Luminex immunoassay and expressed as geometric mean titres and seroconversion rates. Vaccine safety was also assessed. RESULTS The HPV 6/11/16/18 immune responses elicited by the 9vHPV vaccine were comparable with those elicited by the qHPV vaccine. All participants receiving the 9vHPV vaccine seroconverted for HPV 31/33/45/52/58. The 9vHPV and qHPV vaccines showed comparable safety profiles. CONCLUSIONS In addition to immune responses to HPV 31/33/45/52/58, a three-dose regimen of the 9vHPV vaccine elicited a similar immune response to HPV 6/11/16/18 when compared with the qHPV vaccine in men aged 16-26years. The safety profile was also similar for the two vaccines. The results from this study support extending the efficacy findings with qHPV vaccine to 9vHPV vaccine in men aged 16-26years. NCT02114385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Van Damme
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 WIlrijk, Belgium.
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1084HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dorothee Kieninger
- Centre for Clinical Trials, Children's Hospital, Universitätsmedizin, Mainz, Germany.
| | | | | | - Alain Luxembourg
- Merck & Co. Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Jiang RT, Schellenbacher C, Chackerian B, Roden RBS. Progress and prospects for L2-based human papillomavirus vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:853-62. [PMID: 26901354 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1157479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a worldwide public health problem, particularly in resource-limited countries. Fifteen high-risk genital HPV types are sexually transmitted and cause 5% of all cancers worldwide, primarily cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. Skin HPV types are generally associated with benign disease, but a subset is linked to non-melanoma skin cancer. Licensed HPV vaccines based on virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from L1 major capsid antigen of key high risk HPVs are effective at preventing these infections but do not cover cutaneous types and are not therapeutic. Vaccines targeting L2 minor capsid antigen, some using capsid display, adjuvant and fusions with early HPV antigens or Toll-like receptor agonists, are in development to fill these gaps. Progress and challenges with L2-based vaccines are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie T Jiang
- a Department of Pathology , The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Christina Schellenbacher
- b Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DIAID), Department of Dermatology , Medical University Vienna (MUW) , Vienna , Austria
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- c Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology , University of New Mexico School of Medicine , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- a Department of Pathology , The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.,d Department of Oncology , The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA.,e Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics , The Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
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Jacobson RM, Agunwamba AA, St. Sauver JL, Finney Rutten LJ. The most effective and promising population health strategies to advance human papillomavirus vaccination. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 15:257-69. [PMID: 26559567 PMCID: PMC6684098 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The US is failing to make substantive progress toward improving rates of human papillomavirus vaccine uptake. While the Healthy People 2020 goal for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is 80%, the three-dose completion rate in the US in 2014 for 13- to 17-year-old females is less than 40%, and the rate for males is just above 20%. Experts point to a number of reasons for the poor HPV vaccination rates including parental concerns about safety, necessity, and timing. However, the evidence refuting these concerns is substantial. Efforts focusing on education and communication have not shown promise, but several population health strategies have reminder/recall systems; practice-focused strategies targeting staff, clinicians, and parents; assessment and feedback activities; and school-based HPV vaccination programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Jacobson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amenah A. Agunwamba
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L. St. Sauver
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lila J. Finney Rutten
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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73
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Human Papillomavirus Vaccine. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 101:231-322. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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