51
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Shaughness M, Acs D, Brabazon F, Hockenbury N, Byrnes KR. Role of Insulin in Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration: A Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:547175. [PMID: 33100956 PMCID: PMC7546823 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.547175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a hormone typically associated with pancreatic release and blood sugar regulation. The brain was long thought to be “insulin-independent,” but research has shown that insulin receptors (IR) are expressed on neurons, microglia and astrocytes, among other cells. The effects of insulin on cells within the central nervous system are varied, and can include both metabolic and non-metabolic functions. Emerging data suggests that insulin can improve neuronal survival or recovery after trauma or during neurodegenerative diseases. Further, data suggests a strong anti-inflammatory component of insulin, which may also play a role in both neurotrauma and neurodegeneration. As a result, administration of exogenous insulin, either via systemic or intranasal routes, is an increasing area of focus in research in neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disorders. This review will explore the literature to date on the role of insulin in neurotrauma and neurodegeneration, with a focus on traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Shaughness
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deanna Acs
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fiona Brabazon
- Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Hockenbury
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly R Byrnes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Pérez‐Taboada I, Alberquilla S, Martín ED, Anand R, Vietti‐Michelina S, Tebeka NN, Cantley J, Cragg SJ, Moratalla R, Vallejo M. Diabetes Causes Dysfunctional Dopamine Neurotransmission Favoring Nigrostriatal Degeneration in Mice. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1636-1648. [PMID: 32666590 PMCID: PMC7818508 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies indicate an association between neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases. Although still a matter of debate, growing evidence from epidemiological and animal studies indicate that preexisting diabetes increases the risk to develop Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanisms of such an association are unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether diabetes alters striatal dopamine neurotransmission and assessed the vulnerability of nigrostriatal neurons to neurodegeneration. METHODS We used streptozotocin-treated and genetically diabetic db/db mice. Expression of oxidative stress and nigrostriatal neuronal markers and levels of dopamine and its metabolites were monitored. Dopamine release and uptake were assessed using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry. 6-Hydroxydopamine was unilaterally injected into the striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Motor performance was scored using specific tests. RESULTS Diabetes resulted in oxidative stress and decreased levels of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum. Levels of proteins regulating dopamine release and uptake, including the dopamine transporter, the Girk2 potassium channel, the vesicular monoamine transporter 2, and the presynaptic vesicle protein synaptobrevin-2, were decreased in diabetic mice. Electrically evoked levels of extracellular dopamine in the striatum were enhanced, and altered dopamine uptake was observed. Striatal microinjections of a subthreshold dose of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine in diabetic mice, insufficient to cause motor alterations in nondiabetic animals, resulted in motor impairment, higher loss of striatal dopaminergic axons, and decreased neuronal cell bodies in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that diabetes promotes striatal oxidative stress, alters dopamine neurotransmission, and increases vulnerability to neurodegenerative damage leading to motor impairment. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Pérez‐Taboada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEMMadridSpain
| | - Samuel Alberquilla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Eduardo D. Martín
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Rishi Anand
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Nchimunya N. Tebeka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Division of Systems MedicineUniversity of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - James Cantley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Division of Systems MedicineUniversity of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical SchoolDundeeUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephanie J. Cragg
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease CentreUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)MadridSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Mario Vallejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas CIBERDEMMadridSpain
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Rhee SY, Han KD, Kwon H, Park SE, Park YG, Kim YH, Yoo SJ, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Association Between Glycemic Status and the Risk of Parkinson Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2169-2175. [PMID: 32611610 PMCID: PMC7440896 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have suggested that diabetes increases the risk of Parkinson disease (PD); however, this has not been conclusively established. We analyzed the risk of PD based on baseline glucose tolerance status in a large-scale cohort representative of the general Korean population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This analysis was performed in a cohort of 15,168,021 adults aged ≥40 years who underwent health checkups under the National Health Insurance Service between January 2009 and December 2010. The clinical course of subjects was monitored until December 2016. Subjects were classified into the following groups: no diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes duration <5 years, and diabetes duration ≥5 years. We analyzed the adjusted hazard ratio of PD for each group. RESULTS During the observation period of 49,076,148.74 person-years, PD occurred in 31,577 patients. Compared with the nondiabetes group, the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.038 (95% CI, 1.009-1.067) in the IFG group, 1.185 (95% CI, 1.143-1.229) in the diabetes duration <5 years group, and 1.618 (95% CI, 1.566-1.672) in the diabetes duration ≥5 years group. These results were consistent with those of the subgroup analysis, and the presence of diabetes further increased the risk of PD regardless of comorbidities such as cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic kidney diseases. CONCLUSIONS This population-based cohort study suggests that diabetes is an independent risk factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemi Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Eun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gyu Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, Catholic University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon-Jip Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hassan A, Sharma Kandel R, Mishra R, Gautam J, Alaref A, Jahan N. Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: Shared Pathophysiological Links and Possible Therapeutic Implications. Cureus 2020; 12:e9853. [PMID: 32832307 PMCID: PMC7437092 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common chronic metabolic disease. Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. There are many similarities between both conditions. Both disorders are chronic diseases. Both diseases result from a decrease in a specific substance: dopamine in PD, and insulin in DM. Besides, both disorders arise due to the destruction of particular cells, dopaminergic cells in PD, and pancreatic beta-cell in DM. Recently, many epidemiological and experimental studies showed a connection between DM and PD. There are common underlying mechanisms in the pathophysiology of both diseases. These underlying mechanisms include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and inflammation. Insulin resistance is indeed the hallmark of DM, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which plays a significant role in these pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms. Besides, many studies revealed that anti-diabetic drugs have a beneficial effect on PD. In this current literature review, we aim to explore the standard pathophysiological and molecular linkages between these two disorders as well as how DM could affect the incidence and progression of PD. We also review how anti-diabetic drugs impact PD. In the future, further experimental and expanded clinical studies are needed to fully understand the exact pathophysiological connections between the two disorders and the efficacy of insulin and other anti-diabetic drugs in the treatment of PD in diabetic patients. Fully understanding and targeting these pathophysiological and molecular links could result in de novo curative therapy for PD and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Hassan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rajan Sharma Kandel
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rohi Mishra
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jeevan Gautam
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Amer Alaref
- Diagnostic Radiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Zhang X, Fan Y, Luo Y, Jin L, Li S. Lipid Metabolism is the common pathologic mechanism between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's disease. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1723-1732. [PMID: 32714075 PMCID: PMC7378658 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although increasing evidence has suggested crosstalk between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the common mechanisms between the two diseases remain unclear. The aim of our study was to characterize the interconnection between T2DM and PD by exploring their shared biological pathways and convergent molecules. The intersections among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the T2DM dataset GSE95849 and PD dataset GSE6613 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were identified as the communal DEGs between the two diseases. Then, an enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, correlation analysis, and transcription factor-target regulatory network analysis were performed for the communal DEGs. As a result, 113 communal DEGs were found between PD and T2DM. They were enriched in lipid metabolism, including protein modifications that regulate metabolism, lipid synthesis and decomposition, and the biological effects of lipid products. All these pathways and their biological processes play important roles in both diseases. Fifteen hub genes identified from the PPI network could be core molecules. Their function annotations also focused on lipid metabolism. According to the correlation analysis and the regulatory network analysis based on the 15 hub genes, Sp1 transcription factor (SP1) could be a key molecule since it affected other hub genes that participate in the common mechanisms between PD and T2DM. In conclusion, our analyses reveal that changes in lipid metabolism could be a key intersection between PD and T2DM, and that SP1 could be a key molecule regulating these processes. Our findings provide novel points for the association between PD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuping Luo
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lingjing Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Siguang Li
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
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de Germay S, Conte C, Rascol O, Montastruc JL, Lapeyre-Mestre M. β-Adrenoceptor Drugs and Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Nested Case-Control Study. CNS Drugs 2020; 34:763-772. [PMID: 32500347 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential relationships between β-adrenergic drugs and α-synuclein synthesis in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been recently suggested. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the putative association between β-adrenoceptor drug exposure and PD occurrence. METHODS A nested case-control study was performed in the Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires (EGB) (a 1/97th random sample of affiliates to the French Insurance System). Incident PD patients diagnosed between 01/01/2008 and 31/12/2017 (index date) were matched 1:1 to controls by gender, birth year, and insurance scheme. Exposure to any β-agonist and to any β-antagonist was compared between cases and controls within 1-2 years before the index date, and exposure to salbutamol and to propranolol was individualized. The association between PD and β-adrenoceptor drugs was investigated through conditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors. Because of a statistical interaction between β-agonists and diabetes, results were stratified according to the presence of diabetes. RESULTS Among the 2225 incident PD patients identified in the EGB (mean age 75.6 ± 10.2 years, sex ratio 1.04), no significant association was found between PD and β-antagonists (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.05 [95% confidence interval 0.91-1.20]), except for propranolol (aOR 2.11 [1.38-3.23]). For β-agonists, a protective association in non-diabetic patients (aOR 0.75 [0.60-0.93]) and an opposite and significant association in diabetic patients (aOR 1.61 [1.02-2.55]) were observed. Similar results were found with salbutamol. CONCLUSION This study did not identify an increased risk of PD occurrence after β-antagonist exposure, except for propranolol (potential protopathic bias). The discordant results observed with β-agonists in patients with or without diabetes deserve further exploration of the influence of diabetic comorbidity on PD occurrence and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle de Germay
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale Et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 allées Jules-Guesde, Toulouse, France.
- UMR 1027 INSERM Pharmacoépidémiologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
| | - Cécile Conte
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale Et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 allées Jules-Guesde, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1027 INSERM Pharmacoépidémiologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- CIC INSERM 1436, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale Et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 allées Jules-Guesde, Toulouse, France
- CIC INSERM 1436, Paris, France
- Réseau NS-PARK/FCRIN Et Centre COEN NeuroToul, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Montastruc
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale Et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 allées Jules-Guesde, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1027 INSERM Pharmacoépidémiologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Centre de PharmacoVigilance, Pharmacoépidémiologie Et D'Informations Sur Le Médicament, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France
- CIC INSERM 1436, Paris, France
- Réseau NS-PARK/FCRIN Et Centre COEN NeuroToul, Toulouse, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale Et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 allées Jules-Guesde, Toulouse, France
- UMR 1027 INSERM Pharmacoépidémiologie, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- CIC INSERM 1436, Paris, France
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Chen YF, Wu SN, Gao JM, Liao ZY, Tseng YT, Fülöp F, Chang FR, Lo YC. The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Properties of the Synthetic Chalcone Derivative AN07. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122907. [PMID: 32599797 PMCID: PMC7355731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones belong to a class of biologically active polyphenolic natural products. As a result of their simple chemical nature, they are easily synthesized and show a variety of promising biological activities. 2-Hydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone (AN07) is a synthetic chalcone derivate with potential anti-atherosclerosis effects. In this study, we demonstrated the novel antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of AN07. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, AN07 attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and oxidative stress via down-regulating gp91phox expression and stimulating the antioxidant system of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathways, which were accompanied by increased glutathione (GSH) levels. Additionally, AN07 attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory factors, including NO, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B-alpha (p-IκBα) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. However, the effects of AN07 on promoting nuclear Nrf2 levels and decreasing COX-2 expressions were significantly abrogated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) antagonist GW9662. In human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells treated with or without methylglyoxal (MG), a toxic endogenous by-product of glycolysis, AN07 up-regulated neurotrophic signals including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), p-Akt, p-GSK3β, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). AN07 attenuated MG-induced apoptosis by up-regulating the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and down-regulating the cytosolic expression of cytochrome c. AN07 also attenuated MG-induced neurite damage via down-regulating the Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2)/phosphorylated LIM kinase 1 (p-LIMK1) pathway. Moreover, AN07 ameliorated the MG-induced down-regulation of neuroprotective Parkinsonism-associated proteins parkin, pink1, and DJ-1. These findings suggest that AN07 possesses the potentials to be an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective agent
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Fung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (F.-R.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Mao Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-M.G.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.T.)
| | - Zhi-Yao Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-M.G.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.T.)
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-M.G.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.T.)
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- MTA-SZTE Stereochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (F.-R.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (F.-R.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (J.-M.G.); (Z.-Y.L.); (Y.-T.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7312-1101 (ext. 2139)
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Pacheco-Paez T, Montastruc F, Rousseau V, Chebane L, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Renoux C, Montastruc JL. Reply to: Comment on "Parkinsonism associated with gabapentinoid drugs: A pharmacoepidemiological study". Mov Disord 2020; 35:376-377. [PMID: 32056308 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Pacheco-Paez
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Evidence-Based Therapeutics Group, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - François Montastruc
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1027 Pharmacoepidemiology, Assessment of Drug Utilization and Drug Safety, CIC 1426-University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Rousseau
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1027 Pharmacoepidemiology, Assessment of Drug Utilization and Drug Safety, CIC 1426-University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Leila Chebane
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France
| | - Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1027 Pharmacoepidemiology, Assessment of Drug Utilization and Drug Safety, CIC 1426-University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Renoux
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Montastruc
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, UMR 1027 Pharmacoepidemiology, Assessment of Drug Utilization and Drug Safety, CIC 1426-University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Park J, Lai MKP, Arumugam TV, Jo DG. O-GlcNAcylation as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:171-193. [PMID: 31894464 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08584-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and the number of elderly patients suffering from AD has been steadily increasing. Despite worldwide efforts to cope with this disease, little progress has been achieved with regard to identification of effective therapeutics. Thus, active research focusing on identification of new therapeutic targets of AD is ongoing. Among the new targets, post-translational modifications which modify the properties of mature proteins have gained attention. O-GlcNAcylation, a type of PTM that attaches O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to a protein, is being sought as a new target to treat AD pathologies. O-GlcNAcylation has been known to modify the two important components of AD pathological hallmarks, amyloid precursor protein, and tau protein. In addition, elevating O-GlcNAcylation levels in AD animal models has been shown to be effective in alleviating AD-associated pathology. Although studies investigating the precise mechanism of reversal of AD pathologies by targeting O-GlcNAcylation are not yet complete, it is clearly important to examine O-GlcNAcylation regulation as a target of AD therapeutics. This review highlights the mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation and its role as a potential therapeutic target under physiological and pathological AD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsu Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Cheong JL, de Pablo-Fernandez E, Foltynie T, Noyce AJ. The Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2020; 10:775-789. [PMID: 32333549 PMCID: PMC7458510 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an emerging body of evidence has forged links between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In observational studies, those with T2DM appear to be at increased risk of developing PD, as well as experiencing faster progression and a more severe phenotype of PD, with the effects being potentially mediated by several common cellular pathways. The insulin signalling pathway, for example, may be responsible for neurodegeneration via insulin dysregulation, aggregation of amyloids, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and altered synaptic plasticity. In light of these potential shared disease mechanisms, clinical trials are now investigating the use of established diabetes drugs targeting insulin resistance in the management of PD. This review will discuss the epidemiological links between T2DM and PD, the potential shared cellular mechanisms, and assess the relevant treatment options for disease modification of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L.Y. Cheong
- Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eduardo de Pablo-Fernandez
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alastair J. Noyce
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Preventive Neurology Unit, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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61
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Potashkin J, Huang X, Becker C, Chen H, Foltynie T, Marras C. Understanding the links between cardiovascular disease and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2020; 35:55-74. [PMID: 31483535 PMCID: PMC6981000 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between genetic or environmental factors and Parkinson's disease (PD) have uncovered a number of factors shared with cardiovascular disease, either as risk factors or manifestations of cardiovascular disease itself. Older age, male sex, and possibly type 2 diabetes are examples. On the other hand, coffee consumption and physical activity are each associated with a lower risk of both PD and cardiovascular disease. This observation raises questions about the underlying pathophysiological links between cardiovascular disease and PD. There is evidence for common mechanisms in the areas of glucose metabolism, cellular stress, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. On the other hand, smoking and total/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol appear to have opposite associations with cardiovascular disease and PD. Thus, it is uncertain whether the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors will impact on the onset or progression of PD. The available data suggest that a nuanced approach is necessary to manage risk factors such as cholesterol levels once the associations are better understood. Ultimately, the choice of therapy may be tailored to a patient's comorbidity profile. This review presents the epidemiological evidence for both concordant and discordant associations between cardiovascular disease and PD, discusses the cellular and metabolic processes that may underlie these links, and explores the implications this has for patient care and future research. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Potashkin
- The Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Translational Brain Research Center and Department of Neurology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Becker
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas Foltynie
- Department of Clinical & Movement Neurosciences, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zeng P, Wang T, Zheng J, Zhou X. Causal association of type 2 diabetes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new evidence from Mendelian randomization using GWAS summary statistics. BMC Med 2019; 17:225. [PMID: 31796040 PMCID: PMC6892209 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were discovered in observational studies in both European and East Asian populations. However, whether such associations are causal remains largely unknown. METHODS We employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the causal relationship of T2D with the risk of ALS in both European and East Asian populations. Our analysis was implemented using summary statistics obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies with ~660,000 individuals for T2D and ~81,000 individuals for ALS in the European population, and ~191,000 individuals for T2D and ~4100 individuals for ALS in the East Asian population. The causal relationship between T2D and ALS in both populations was estimated using the inverse-variance-weighted methods and was further validated through extensive complementary and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Using multiple instruments that were strongly associated with T2D, a negative association between T2D and ALS was identified in the European population with the odds ratio (OR) estimated to be 0.93 (95% CI 0.88-0.99, p = 0.023), while a positive association between T2D and ALS was observed in the East Asian population with OR = 1.28 (95% CI 0.99-1.62, p = 0.058). These results were robust against instrument selection, various modeling misspecifications, and estimation biases, with the Egger regression and MR-PRESSO ruling out the possibility of horizontal pleiotropic effects of instruments. However, no causal association was found between T2D-related exposures (including glycemic traits) and ALS in the European population. CONCLUSION Our results provide new evidence supporting the causal neuroprotective role of T2D on ALS in the European population and provide empirically suggestive evidence of increasing risk of T2D on ALS in the East Asian population. Our results have an important implication on ALS pathology, paving ways for developing therapeutic strategies across multiple populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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63
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Jeong SM, Han K, Kim D, Rhee SY, Jang W, Shin DW. Body mass index, diabetes, and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 35:236-244. [PMID: 31785021 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are conflicting findings in the literature regarding the association of body mass index and incidence of PD. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the association of body mass index with the risk of PD incidence while considering diabetes mellitus as a major confounding factor. METHODS We examined 6,800,601 individuals (aged ≥40 years) who were free of PD using the database of the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess adjusted hazard ratios for PD with adjustment for potential confounders. Stratified analyses by diabetes status were also performed. RESULTS A total of 33,443 individuals were diagnosed with PD during the follow-up period (7.3 years). An increased risk of PD incidence was observed in the underweight group versus the normal group (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.21-1.36), whereas a decreased risk of PD incidence was observed (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.93) in the obese group and (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.72-0.82) in the severely obese group. This association consistently persisted after stratification by diabetes mellitus status, with the steepest downward slope for PD risk present with increasing body mass index in patients with severe diabetes mellitus (i.e., long duration or complication). CONCLUSIONS Being underweight and diabetes mellitus were associated with an increased risk of PD incidence, and effect of being underweight was more prominent in those with diabetes mellitus, with a dose-response relationship existing according to diabetes mellitus status. Further research is warranted to understand the clinical implications of the significant interaction between being underweight and diabetes mellitus status in the development of PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Kim
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wooyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine & Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Digital Health, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Analysis of the Relationship between Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 2019:4951379. [PMID: 31871617 PMCID: PMC6906831 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4951379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the early sixties, a discussion started regarding the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Today, this potential relationship is still a matter of debate. This review aims to analyze both diseases concerning causal relationships and treatments. A total of 104 articles were found, and studies on animal and “in vitro” models showed that T2DM causes neurological alterations that may be associated with PD, such as deregulation of the dopaminergic system, a decrease in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), an increase in the expression of phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15 (PED/PEA-15), and neuroinflammation, as well as acceleration of the formation of alpha-synuclein amyloid fibrils. In addition, clinical studies described that Parkinson's symptoms were notably worse after the onset of T2DM, and seven deregulated genes were identified in the DNA of T2DM and PD patients. Regarding treatment, the action of antidiabetic drugs, especially incretin mimetic agents, seems to confer certain degree of neuroprotection to PD patients. In conclusion, the available evidence on the interaction between T2DM and PD justifies more robust clinical trials exploring this interaction especially the clinical management of patients with both conditions.
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65
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Bloem BR, Ypinga JHL, Willis A, Canning CG, Barker RA, Munneke M, De Vries NM. Using Medical Claims Analyses to Understand Interventions for Parkinson Patients. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 8:45-58. [PMID: 29254108 PMCID: PMC5836412 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The scientific evidence to support the value of a range of non-pharmacological interventions for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasing. However, showing unequivocally that specific interventions are better than usual care is not straightforward because of generic drawbacks of clinical trials. Here, we address these challenges, specifically related to the context of evaluating complex non-pharmacological interventions for people with PD. Moreover, we discuss the potential merits of undertaking “real world” analyses using medical claims data. We illustrate this approach by discussing an interesting recent publication in The Lancet Neurology, which used such an approach to demonstrate the value of specialized physiotherapy for PD patients, over and above usual care physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H L Ypinga
- Department Care Purchasing, CZ Groep, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Allison Willis
- Departments of Neurology and of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen G Canning
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roger A Barker
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Marten Munneke
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M De Vries
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Heinzel S, Berg D, Gasser T, Chen H, Yao C, Postuma RB. Update of the MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1464-1470. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology Christian‐Albrechts‐University Kiel Germany
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Chun Yao
- Department of Neurology Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ronald B. Postuma
- Department of Neurology Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
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67
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Zhou L, Ran XR, Hong F, Li GW, Zhu JX. Downregulated Dopamine Receptor 2 and Upregulated Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone in the Paraventricular Nucleus Are Correlated With Decreased Glucose Tolerance in Rats With Bilateral Substantia Nigra Lesions. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:751. [PMID: 31396037 PMCID: PMC6664053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have a high prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities. However, the mechanism underlying these symptoms remains unclear. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the major neuroendocrine axis that regulates homeostasis in mammals, including glucose metabolism. Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH), which is synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, plays an important role in the regulation of blood glucose levels via the HPA axis. Our previous studies have reported that PVN neurons express numerous dopamine receptors (DRs) and accept direct projections from the substantia nigra (SN). We hypothesize that damage to dopaminergic neurons in the SN might influence the blood glucose level through the HPA system. Rats with bilateral SN lesions induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (referred to as 6-OHDA rats) were used to investigate alterations in the levels of blood glucose, CRH, and factors related to the HPA axis and to explore possible mechanisms. Blood glucose levels were detected at different time points after the glucose solution was intraperitoneally administered. CRH and DRs in the PVN were evaluated by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the pituitary and plasma corticosterone (CORT) was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The results showed that 6-OHDA rats exhibited significantly decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the SN and decreased glucose tolerance at 6 weeks, but not at 4 weeks. In the PVN, dopamine receptor 2 (D2) was expressed on CRH-positive neurons, and D2-positive neurons were surrounded by TH-positive fibers. Additionally, the expression of CRH was upregulated, whereas the expression of D2 and TH were downregulated in 6-OHDA rats compared with control rats. In D2 knock-out mice, the significantly enhanced expression of CRH and reduced expression of D2 were detected in the PVN. Furthermore, RIA revealed increased ACTH in the pituitary and elevated CORT in the blood. In summary, the present study suggests that the dopaminergic neurons in the SN are involved in the regulation of body glucose metabolism through CRH neurons that express D2 in the hypothalamic PVN. SN lesions decrease glucose tolerance mainly by downregulating D2 and upregulating CRH in the PVN through the HPA neuroendocrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Rui Ran
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Human Anatomy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Feng Hong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Wen Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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68
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The Relation Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Parkinson Disease Up to Date. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF DIABETES NUTRITION AND METABOLIC DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rjdnmd-2019-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is defined nowadays as a neurodegenerative disease with prominent motor symptoms accompanied by a wide range of comorbidities, some of them, like type 2 diabetes mellitus, probably implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. In order to achieve this article, which aimed to realize an up to date synthesis of published dedicated papers, a PubMed search was performed; it revealed increasing evidence that these two morbid conditions share many pathogenic pathways and current studies are trying to finally transform the accumulated knowledge into curative therapy or effective prevention for these frequent and complex diseases.
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69
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Kizza J, Lewington S, Mappin‐Kasirer B, Turnbull I, Guo Y, Bian Z, Chen Y, Yang L, Chen Z, Clarke R. Cardiovascular risk factors and Parkinson's disease in 500,000 Chinese adults. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:624-632. [PMID: 31019987 PMCID: PMC6469341 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to compare the risks of Parkinson's disease among those with versus those without prior stroke or heart disease at baseline in a prospective study of 0.5 million adults in China, and to examine associations of cardiovascular disease risk factors (cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity) with risk of Parkinson's disease. METHODS During an average of 11.5 years of follow-up of 503,497 middle-aged participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank study, 603 incident cases were hospitalized with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess associations of history of heart disease or stroke with Parkinson's disease in all participants, and of cardiovascular disease risk factors with Parkinson's disease in a subset without prior cardiovascular disease. RESULTS In this population the incidence rate of Parkinson's disease (mean [SD] age of cases, 61 [10] years) was 13.3 (95% confidence interval: 12.3-14.4) per 100,000 person-years. Incidence increased with age, and was higher in men than in women, and in urban than in rural residents. Prior stroke was associated with about twofold higher risk of Parkinson's disease (hazard ratio 1.94; 1.39-2.69). After adjustment for confounders in those without prior cardiovascular disease, a 5 kg/m2 higher body mass index was associated with 17% (1.17; 1.03-1.34: P = 0.019) higher risk of Parkinson's disease, but neither hypertension, diabetes, nor current cigarette smoking was significantly associated with Parkinson's disease. INTERPRETATION Prior stroke and adiposity were each associated with higher risks of Parkinson's disease, but none of the other cardiovascular disease risk factors were significantly associated with Parkinson's disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kizza
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Mappin‐Kasirer
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Iain Turnbull
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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Neuroprotective Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analogues in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:209-223. [PMID: 30511349 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-018-0593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current absence of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) reflects an incomplete knowledge of the underlying disease processes. Considerable efforts have been made to investigate the central pathological features of these diseases, giving rise to numerous attempts to develop compounds that interfere with such features. However, further characterization of the molecular targets within the interconnected AD and PD pathways is still required. Impaired brain insulin signaling has emerged as a feature that contributes to neuronal dysfunction in both AD and PD, leading to strategies aiming at restoring this pathway in the brain. Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues marketed for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been tested and have shown encouraging protective actions in experimental models of AD and PD as well as in initial clinical trials. We review studies revealing the neuroprotective actions of GLP-1 analogues in pre-clinical models of AD and PD and promising results from recent clinical trials.
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71
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Lee SE, Han K, Baek JY, Ko KS, Lee KU, Koh EH. Association Between Diabetic Retinopathy and Parkinson Disease: The Korean National Health Insurance Service Database. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3231-3238. [PMID: 29982669 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies have shown an association between diabetes and Parkinson disease (PD). The retina is a part of the central nervous system; it was proposed that diabetic retinopathy (DR) and PD share common pathophysiology of dopamine deficiency. However, no epidemiologic studies have investigated the relationship between these two diseases. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between DR and incident PD using a population-based database. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 14,912,368 participants who underwent regular health checkup from 2005 to 2008 were included. Subjects were classified into non-diabetes, diabetes without DR, and diabetes with DR groups at baseline and followed up until the date of PD incidence, death, or 31 December 2013. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between DR and incident PD. RESULTS During the period, 34,834 subjects were newly diagnosed with PD. The incidence of PD was 2.74, 8.39, and 15.51 per 10,000 person-years for the non-diabetes, diabetes without DR, and diabetes with DR groups, respectively. In multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, DR groups were associated with significantly higher risk of PD than non-diabetes or diabetes without DR groups even after adjusting for age, sex, fasting plasma glucose level, insulin usage, and other possible risk factors. CONCLUSION Concurrent DR was associated with an increased risk of incident PD. Future studies are necessary to investigate the mechanism of increased risk of PD in DR including dopamine deficiency in the central nervous system and long-lasting poor glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Up Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dental Scaling Decreases the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15081587. [PMID: 30049978 PMCID: PMC6121362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of dental scaling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between dental scaling and the development of PD. A retrospective nested case-control study was performed using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The authors identified 4765 patients with newly diagnosed PD from 2005 to 2013 and 19,060 individuals without PD by matching sex, age, and index year. In subgroup 1, with individuals aged 40–69 years, individuals without periodontal inflammatory disease (PID) showed a protective effect of dental scaling against PD development, especially for dental scaling over five consecutive years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.204, 95% CI = 0.047–0.886, p = 0.0399). In general, the protective effect of dental scaling showed greater benefit for individuals with PID than for those without PID, regardless of whether dental scaling was performed for five consecutive years. In subgroup 2, with patients aged ≥70 years, the discontinued (not five consecutive years) scaling showed increased risk of PD. This was the first study to show that patients without PID who underwent dental scaling over five consecutive years had a significantly lower risk of developing PD. These findings emphasize the value of early and consecutive dental scaling to prevent the development of PD.
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Scorza FA, Fiorini AC, Scorza CA, Finsterer J. Cardiac abnormalities in Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 53:1-5. [PMID: 29706419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Though there is increasing evidence for primary cardiac disease in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Parkinsonism (PS), this evidence is hardly included in the general management of these patients. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS PD is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Epidemiological studies have shown that PD is accompanied by high rates of premature death compared with the general population. In general, death in PD/PS is usually caused by determinant factors such as pneumonia, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular disease. There is a significant body of literature demonstrating involvement of the heart in PD/PS. Cardiac involvement in PD/PS includes cardiac autonomic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, arrhythmias, conduction defects, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and sudden unexpected death in Parkinson's disease (SUDPAR). CONCLUSIONS Cardiac abnormalities found in PD/PS are manifold but the most prominent is cardiac autonomic dysfunction. The frequency of coronary heart disease in PD is a matter of debate. Only rarely reported in PD/PS are cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death, and SUDPAR. It is particularly recommended that PD/PS patients are more intensively investigated cardiologically as soon as the diagnosis is established. Early recognition of cardiac involvement is important for preventing SCD and SUDPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Fiorini
- Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduado em Fonoaudiologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), Brazil; Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Kakkar AK, Singh H, Medhi B. Old wines in new bottles: Repurposing opportunities for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:115-127. [PMID: 29689247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurological disorder characterized by accumulation of Lewy bodies and profound loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. PD symptomatology is now recognized to include both cardinal motor as well as clinically significant non-motor symptoms. Despite intensive research, the current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD is limited and has hampered the development of novel symptomatic and disease modifying therapies. The currently available treatment options are only partially or transiently effective and fail to restore the lost dopaminergic neurons or retard disease progression. Given the escalating drug development costs, lengthening timelines and declining R&D efficiency, industry and academia are increasingly focusing on ways to repurpose existing molecules as an accelerated route for drug discovery. The field of PD therapeutics is witnessing vigorous repurposing activity supported by big data analytics, computational models, and high-throughput drug screening systems. Here we review the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety of several emerging drugs currently aspiring to be repositioned for PD pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Kakkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Harmanjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
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75
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Biosa A, Outeiro TF, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M. Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Parkinson's Disease: a Molecular Point of View. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8754-8763. [PMID: 29594935 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated concentrations of glucose in the blood. The chronic hyperglycemic state accounts for most of the vascular complications associated to the disease and the prevalent mechanism proposed is related to the glycating chemistry mediated by methylglyoxal (MG), which accumulates in T2DM. In recent years, a higher risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) onset in people affected by T2DM has become evident, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between T2DM and PD are still unknown. The oxidative chemistry of dopamine and its reactivity towards the protein α-Synuclein (aS) has been associated to the pathogenesis of PD. Recently, aS has also been described to interact with MG. Interestingly, MG and the dopamine oxidation products share both structural similarity and chemical reactivity. The ability of MG to spread over the site of its production and react with aS could represent the rationale to explain the higher incidence of PD in T2DM-affected people and may open opportunities for the development of novel strategies to antagonize the raise of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Biosa
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Gruntz K, Bloechliger M, Becker C, Jick SS, Fuhr P, Meier CR, Rüegg S. Parkinson disease and the risk of epileptic seizures. Ann Neurol 2018; 83:363-374. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gruntz
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Marlene Bloechliger
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Claudia Becker
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Susan S. Jick
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program; Lexington MA
- Boston University School of Public Health; Boston MA
| | - Peter Fuhr
- Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Christoph R. Meier
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program; Lexington MA
- Hospital Pharmacy; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Stephan Rüegg
- Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Neurology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
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König A, Vicente Miranda H, Outeiro TF. Alpha-Synuclein Glycation and the Action of Anti-Diabetic Agents in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2018; 8:33-43. [PMID: 29480231 PMCID: PMC5842785 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiology and variable pathology. While a subset of cases is associated with single-gene mutations, the majority originates from a combination of factors we do not fully understand. Thus, understanding the underlying causes of PD is indispensable for the development of novel therapeutics. Glycation, the non-enzymatic reaction between reactive dicarbonyls and amino groups, gives rise to a variety of different reaction products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs accumulate over a proteins life-time, and increased levels of glycation reaction products play a role in diabetic complications. It is now also becoming evident that PD patients also display perturbed sugar metabolism and protein glycation, including that of alpha-synuclein, a key player in PD. Here, we hypothesize that anti-diabetic drugs targeting the levels of glycation precursors, or promoting the clearance of glycated proteins may also prove beneficial for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin König
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hugo Vicente Miranda
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Krumpolec P, Vallova S, Slobodova L, Tirpakova V, Vajda M, Schon M, Klepochova R, Janakova Z, Straka I, Sutovsky S, Turcani P, Cvecka J, Valkovic L, Tsai CL, Krssak M, Valkovic P, Sedliak M, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J. Aerobic-Strength Exercise Improves Metabolism and Clinical State in Parkinson's Disease Patients. Front Neurol 2017; 8:698. [PMID: 29312123 PMCID: PMC5743754 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise ameliorates motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we aimed to provide evidence that exercise brings additional benefits to the whole-body metabolism and skeletal muscle molecular and functional characteristics, which might help to explain exercise-induced improvements in the clinical state. 3-months supervised endurance/strength training was performed in early/mid-stage PD patients and age/gender-matched individuals (n = 11/11). The effects of exercise on resting energy expenditure (REE), glucose metabolism, adiposity, and muscle energy metabolism (31P-MRS) were evaluated and compared to non-exercising PD patients. Two muscle biopsies were taken to determine intervention-induced changes in fiber type, mitochondrial content, and expression of genes related to muscle energy metabolism, as well as proliferative and regenerative capacity. Exercise improved the clinical disability score (MDS-UPDRS), bradykinesia, balance, walking speed, REE, and glucose metabolism and increased muscle expression of energy sensors (AMPK). However, the exercise-induced increase in muscle mass/strength, mitochondrial content, type II fiber size, and postexercise phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (31P-MRS) were found only in controls. Nevertheless, MDS-UPDRS was associated with muscle AMPK and mechano-growth factor (MGF) expression. Improvements in fasting glycemia were positively associated with muscle function and the expression of Sirt1 and Cox7a1, and the parameters of fitness/strength were positively associated with the expression of MyHC2, MyHC7, and MGF. Moreover, reduced bradykinesia was associated with better muscle metabolism (maximal oxidative capacity and postexercise PCr recovery; 31P-MRS). Exercise training improved the clinical state in early/mid-stage Parkinson’s disease patients, including motor functions and whole-body metabolism. Although the adaptive response to exercise in PD was different from that of controls, exercise-induced improvements in the PD clinical state were associated with specific adaptive changes in muscle functional, metabolic, and molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Krumpolec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Vallova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Slobodova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Tirpakova
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Physical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vajda
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Schon
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Klepochova
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zuzana Janakova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Straka
- 2nd Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Sutovsky
- 1st Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Turcani
- 1st Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Cvecka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Valkovic
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Krssak
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Imaged-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Valkovic
- 2nd Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University & University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sedliak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Santiago JA, Bottero V, Potashkin JA. Biological and Clinical Implications of Comorbidities in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:394. [PMID: 29255414 PMCID: PMC5722846 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide spectrum of comorbidities has been associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects more than seven million people worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that chronic diseases including diabetes, depression, anemia and cancer may be implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that some of these comorbidities may increase the risk of PD and precede the onset of motor symptoms. Further, drugs to treat diabetes and cancer have elicited neuroprotective effects in PD models. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence of these comorbidities remain elusive. Herein, we discuss the biological and clinical implications of comorbidities in the pathogenesis, progression, and clinical management, with an emphasis on personalized medicine applications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Virginie Bottero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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Role of Diet and Nutritional Supplements in Parkinson's Disease Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6405278. [PMID: 29081890 PMCID: PMC5610862 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6405278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study is to describe modifiable lifestyle variables associated with reduced rate of Parkinson's disease (PD) progression. METHODS The patient-reported outcomes in PD (PRO-PD) were used as the primary outcome measure, and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake. In this cross-sectional analysis, regression analysis was performed on baseline data to identify the nutritional and pharmacological interventions associated with the rate of PD progression. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and years since diagnosis. RESULTS 1053 individuals with self-reported idiopathic PD were available for analysis. Foods associated with the reduced rate of PD progression included fresh vegetables, fresh fruit, nuts and seeds, nonfried fish, olive oil, wine, coconut oil, fresh herbs, and spices (P < 0.05). Foods associated with more rapid PD progression include canned fruits and vegetables, diet and nondiet soda, fried foods, beef, ice cream, yogurt, and cheese (P < 0.05). Nutritional supplements coenzyme Q10 and fish oil were associated with reduced PD progression (P = 0.026 and P = 0.019, resp.), and iron supplementation was associated with faster progression (P = 0.022). DISCUSSION These are the first data to provide evidence that targeted nutrition is associated with the rate of PD progression.
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Secnik J, Cermakova P, Fereshtehnejad SM, Dannberg P, Johnell K, Fastbom J, Winblad B, Eriksdotter M, Religa D. Diabetes in a Large Dementia Cohort: Clinical Characteristics and Treatment From the Swedish Dementia Registry. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1159-1166. [PMID: 28655740 PMCID: PMC5566285 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the differences in clinical characteristics and pharmacological treatment associated with the presence of diabetes in a large cohort of patients with dementia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional registry-based study was conducted using data from the Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem). Data on dementia diagnosis, dementia type, and demographic determinants were extracted from SveDem. Data from the Swedish Patient Register and Prescribed Drug Register were combined for the diagnosis of diabetes. Data on antidiabetic, dementia, cardiovascular, and psychotropic medications were extracted from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Logistic regression was used to determine whether the variables were associated with diabetes after adjustment for confounders. In total, 29,630 patients were included in the study, and 4,881 (16.5%) of them received a diagnosis of diabetes. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, diabetes was associated with lower age at dementia diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 0.97 [99% CI 0.97-0.98]), male sex (1.41 [1.27-1.55]), vascular dementia (1.17 [1.01-1.36]), and mixed dementia (1.21 [1.06-1.39]). Dementia with Lewy bodies (0.64 [0.44-0.94]), Parkinson disease dementia (0.46 [0.28-0.75]), and treatment with antidepressants (0.85 [0.77-0.95]) were less common among patients with diabetes. Patients with diabetes who had Alzheimer disease obtained significantly less treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors (0.78 [0.63-0.95]) and memantine (0.68 [0.54-0.85]). CONCLUSIONS Patients with diabetes were younger at dementia diagnosis and obtained less dementia medication for Alzheimer disease, suggesting less optimal dementia treatment. Future research should evaluate survival and differences in metabolic profile in patients with diabetes and different dementia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Secnik
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pavla Cermakova
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pontus Dannberg
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kristina Johnell
- Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Fastbom
- Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, and Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorota Religa
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen CY, Hung HJ, Chang KH, Hsu CY, Muo CH, Tsai CH, Wu TN. Long-term exposure to air pollution and the incidence of Parkinson's disease: A nested case-control study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182834. [PMID: 28809934 PMCID: PMC5557354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies revealed that chronic exposure to air pollution can significantly increase the risk of the development of Parkinson's disease (PD), but this relationship is inconclusive as large-scale prospective studies are limited and the results are inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure in a nationwide population using a longitudinal approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study using the National Health Insurance Research Dataset (NHIRD), which consisted of 1,000,000 beneficiaries in the National Health Insurance Program (NHI) in the year 2000 and their medical records from 1995 to 2013 and using public data on air pollution concentrations from monitoring stations across Taiwan released from the Environmental Protection Administration to identify people with ages ≥ 40 years living in areas with monitoring stations during 1995-1999 as study subjects. Then, we excluded subjects with PD, dementia, stroke and diabetes diagnosed before Jan. 1, 2000 and obtained 54,524 subjects to follow until Dec. 31, 2013. In this observational period, 1060 newly diagnosed PD cases were identified. 4240 controls were randomly selected from those without PD using a matching strategy for age, sex, the year of PD diagnosis and the year of entering the NHI program at a ratio of 1:4. Ten elements of air pollution were examined, and multiple logistic regression models were used to measure their risks in subsequent PD development. RESULTS The incidence of PD in adults aged ≥ 40 years was 1.9%, and the median duration for disease onset was 8.45 years. None of the chemical compounds (SO2, O3, CO, NOx, NO, NO2, THC, CH4, or NMHC) significantly affected the incidence of PD except for particulate matter. PM10 exposure showed significant effects on the likelihood of PD development (T3 level: > 65μg/m3 versus T1 level: ≤ 54μg/m3; OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12-1.62, 0.001 ≤ P < 0.01). In addition, comorbid conditions such as dementia (ORs = 3.53-3.93, Ps < 0.001), stroke (ORs = 2.99-3.01, Ps < 0.001), depression (ORs = 2.51-2.64, Ps < 0.001), head injury (ORs = 1.24-1.29, 0.001 ≤ Ps < 0.01 or 0.01 ≤ Ps < 0.05), sleep disorder (OR = 1.23-1.26, 0.001 ≤ Ps < 0.01), and hypertension (ORs = 1.18-1.19, 0.01 ≤ Ps < 0.05) also significantly increased the risk for PD development. CONCLUSIONS Although PM10 plays a significant role in PD development, the associated chemical/metal compounds that are capable of inducing adverse biological mechanisms still warrant further exploration. Because of a link between comorbid conditions and PM exposure, research on the causal relationship between long-term exposure to PM and the development of PD should be considered with caution because other possible modifiers or mediators, comorbid diseases in particular, may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Ying Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Jung Hung
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Muo
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Neng Wu
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen CK, Wu YT, Chang YC. Periodontal inflammatory disease is associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease: a population-based retrospective matched-cohort study. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3647. [PMID: 28828251 PMCID: PMC5554596 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cause−effect relation between periodontal inflammatory disease (PID) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains uncertain. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between PID and PD. Methods We conducted a retrospective matched-cohort study by using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We identified 5,396 patients with newly diagnosed PID during 1997–2004 and 10,792 cases without PID by matching sex, age, index of year (occurrence of PID), and comorbidity. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate the risk of subsequent PD. Results At the final follow-up, a total of 176 (3.26%) and 275 (2.55%) individuals developed PD in the case and control groups, respectively. Patients with PID have a higher risk of developing PD (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.431, 95% CI [1.141–1.794], p = 0.002). Discussion Our results show that PID is associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Whilst these findings suggest that reducing PID may modify the risk of developing PD, further study will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kai Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Section of Dentistry, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsan Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Fife D, Feng Y, Wang MYH, Chang CJ, Liu CY, Juang HT, Furnback W, Singh J, Wang B. Epidemiology of pharmaceutically treated depression and treatment resistant depression in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res 2017; 252:277-283. [PMID: 28288438 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic data on treatment resistant depression (TRD) in Asia-Pacific countries are limited. We estimated the incidence of TRD in Taiwan using a cohort of 704,265 adults randomly sampled from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research database for 2005. TRD was defined as a patient having pharmaceutically treated depression (PTD) not adequately responding to 2 antidepressant (AD) regimens, i.e., AD regimens that were followed by other AD regimens. Among 2751 PTD subjects, 576 (20.94%, 95% CI: 19.46, 22.49) developed TRD, a proportion similar to that in North American studies. TRD incidence was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.89) cases /1000 population in 2005, increased with age, and was higher in females than in males. SSRI's were the most frequently used ADs. Augmentation with antipsychotics was common. The median time from PTD onset (first AD medication) to TRD onset was 416 days but psychiatrists practicing in Taiwan indicated they would switch within <=3 months if an AD medication was not effective. We therefore repeated the analysis with a 6 months cap on time from onset of PTD to TRD. In this supplemental, post-hoc, analysis, 68 PTD subjects, 2.47%, (95% CI: 1.94, 3.10) developed TRD; i.e., 0.10 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.12) incident cases/1000 population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fife
- Department of Epidemiology, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Road, Titusville, NJ 08560, USA.
| | - Yu Feng
- Janssen (China) Research and Development Center, a division of Johnson & Johnson (China) investment, Ltd, Jian Guo Lu, Beijing 100025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Michael Yao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chee-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Ting Juang
- Biostatistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yun 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Wesley Furnback
- Elysia Group, Ltd., Xiamen St., Lane 113, No. 17-1, Floor 2, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jaskaran Singh
- Clinical Research, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Bruce Wang
- Elysia Group, Ltd., Xiamen St., Lane 113, No. 17-1, Floor 2, Taipei, Taiwan.
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85
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De Lazzari F, Bisaglia M. DJ-1 as a deglycating enzyme: A unique function to explain a multifaceted protein? Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1797-1798. [PMID: 29239319 PMCID: PMC5745827 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Lazzari
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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