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Ovarian mitochondrial dynamics and cell fate regulation in an androgen-induced rat model of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1021. [PMID: 31974436 PMCID: PMC6978404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated in an androgenized rat model the involvement of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics in granulosa cells in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and its modulation by exogenous gonadotropin (eCG). We found 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment reduces ovarian length and weight with predominantly late antral and/or preovulatory stage follicles and no corpora lutea. DHT increased the population of large lysosomes (>50 micron) and macroautophagy, an event associated with granulosa cell apoptosis. Increased granulosa cell Dynamin Related Protein 1 (Drp1) content in the DHT group was accompanied by increased circular and constricted, but reduced rod-shaped, mitochondria. eCG eliminated all atypical follicles and increased the number of late antral and preovulatory follicles with less granulosa cell apoptosis. eCG-treated rats had a higher proportion of connected mitochondria, and in combination with DHT had a lower proportion of circular and constricted mitochondria than rats treated with DHT alone, suggesting that eCG induces mitochondrial fusion and attenuates fission in granulosa cells. In summary, we observed that DHT-induced up-regulation of Drp1 is associated with excessive mitochondrial fission, macroautophagy and apoptosis in granulosa cells at the antral stage of development in an androgenized rat model for PCOS, a response partially attenuated by exogenous gonadotropin.
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52
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Molecular mechanisms of selective autophagy in Drosophila. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:63-105. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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53
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Wen M, Ding L, Zhang L, Zhang T, Teruyoshi Y, Wang Y, Xue C. Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Mitigated Aβ1-42-Induced Neurotoxicity via Autophagy-Inflammasome Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13767-13774. [PMID: 31722531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that neuroinflammation contributes to the exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plays an important role in AD. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which is an important component of innate immune system, is associated with a wide range of human central nervous system disorders, including AD. Most of the studies focus on the protective effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in AD, but eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has rarely been involved. Here, we investigate the effects of EPA in the forms of phosphatidylcholine (EPA-PC) and ethyl esters (EPA-EE) in improving Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity. The spatial memory ability and the biochemical changes in the hippocampus were measured, including glial cell activation, tumor necrosis factor α production, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and autophagic flux. The present results showed that the AD rats were significantly protected from spatial memory loss by the supplementation (EPA + DHA = 60 mg/kg, i.g., 20 days) of EPA-PC, while EPA-EE showed no significant benefit. Further mechanism studies suggested that EPA-PC could inhibit Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by alleviating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhancing autophagy. These findings indicate that EPA could improve cognitive deficiency in Aβ1-42-induced AD rats via autophagic inflammasomal pathway and the bioactivity differs in its molecular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Research , Liaocheng University , Liaocheng 252059 , P. R. China
| | - Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
| | - Yanagita Teruyoshi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science , Saga University , Saga 840-8502 , Japan
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) , Qingdao 266237 , P. R. China
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54
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Xu J, Qi Q, Lv P, Dong Y, Jiang X, Liu Z. Oxiracetam ameliorates cognitive deficits in vascular dementia rats by regulating the expression of neuronal apoptosis/autophagy-related genes associated with the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8371. [PMID: 31721903 PMCID: PMC6853072 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxiracetam (ORC) is a commonly used nootropic drug for improving cognition and memory impairments. The therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of ORC in vascular dementia (VaD) treatment remain unknown. In this study, 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion-induced VaD were treated orally with low (100 mg/kg) or high (200 mg/kg) dose ORC once a day for 4 weeks. The results of the Morris water maze test and Nissl staining showed that ORC treatment significantly alleviated learning and memory deficits and neuronal damage in rats with VaD. Mechanistically, the protein levels of a panel of genes associated with neuronal apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax) and autophagy (microtubule-associated protein 1 chain 3, Beclin1, p62) were significantly altered by ORC treatment compared with VaD, suggesting a protective role of ORC against VaD-induced neuronal apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, the Akt/mTOR pathway, which is known to be the upstream signaling governing apoptosis and autophagy, was found to be activated in ORC-treated rats, suggesting an involvement of Akt/mTOR activation in ORC-rendered protection in VaD rats. Taken together, this study demonstrated that ORC may alleviate learning and memory impairments and neuronal damage in VaD rats by altering the expression of apoptosis/autophagy-related genes and activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Qianqian Qi
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanhong Dong
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhijuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, China
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55
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Association between autophagy and rapid eye movement sleep loss-associated neurodegenerative and patho-physio-behavioral changes. Sleep Med 2019; 63:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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56
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Chan HH, Koh RY, Lim CL, Leong CO. Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) as a Potential Therapeutic Target: An Overview of Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:907-918. [PMID: 31642777 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191023102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, the most common type of dementia that is clinically characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid (Aβ) extracellularly and intraneuronal tau protein tangles that eventually leads to the onset of memory and cognition impairment, development of psychiatric symptoms and behavioral disorders that affect basic daily activities. Current treatment approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for AD is mainly focused on the symptoms but not on the pathogenesis of the disease. Recently, receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) has been identified as a key component in the pathogenesis of AD through necroptosis. Furthermore, genetic and pharmacological suppression of RIPK1 has been shown to revert the phenotype of AD and its mediating pathway is yet to be deciphered. This review is aimed to provide an overview of the pathogenesis and current treatment of AD with the involvement of autophagy as well as providing a novel insight into RIPK1 in reverting the progression of AD, probably through an autophagy machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hao Chan
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chooi Ling Lim
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Onn Leong
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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57
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Calcium Dyshomeostasis and Lysosomal Ca 2+ Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101216. [PMID: 31597311 PMCID: PMC6829585 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in the understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) revealed that alteration in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis may largely contribute to motor neuron demise. A large part of these alterations is due to dysfunctional Ca2+-storing organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Very recently, lysosomal Ca2+ dysfunction has emerged as an important pathological change leading to neuronal loss in ALS. Remarkably, the Ca2+-storing organelles are interacting with each other at specialized domains controlling mitochondrial dynamics, ER/lysosomal function, and autophagy. This occurs as a result of interaction between specific ionic channels and Ca2+-dependent proteins located in each structure. Therefore, the dysregulation of these ionic mechanisms could be considered as a key element in the neurodegenerative process. This review will focus on the possible role of lysosomal Ca2+ dysfunction in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS and shed light on the possibility that specific lysosomal Ca2+ channels might represent new promising targets for preventing or at least delaying neurodegeneration in ALS.
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58
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Ubina T, Magallanes M, Srivastava S, Warden CD, Yee JK, Salvaterra PM. A Human Embryonic Stem Cell Model of Aβ-Dependent Chronic Progressive Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1007. [PMID: 31616241 PMCID: PMC6763609 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the construction and phenotypic analysis of a human embryonic stem cell model of progressive Aβ-dependent neurodegeneration (ND) with potential relevance to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We modified one allele of the normal APP locus to directly express a secretory form of Aβ40 or Aβ42, enabling expression from this edited allele to bypass the normal amyloidogenic APP processing pathway. Following neuronal differentiation, edited cell lines specifically accumulate intracellular aggregated/oligomeric Aβ, exhibit a synaptic deficit, and have an abnormal accumulation of endolysosomal vesicles. Edited cultures progress to a stage of overt ND. All phenotypes appear at earlier culture times for Aβ42 relative to Aβ40. Whole transcriptome RNA-Seq analysis identified 23 up and 70 down regulated genes (differentially expressed genes) with similar directional fold change but larger absolute values in the Aβ42 samples suggesting common underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Pathway/annotation analysis suggested that down regulation of extracellular matrix and cilia functions is significantly overrepresented. This cellular model could be useful for uncovering mechanisms directly linking Aβ to neuronal death and as a tool to screen for new therapeutic agents that slow or prevent human ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ubina
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Martha Magallanes
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Saumya Srivastava
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Charles D Warden
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jiing-Kuan Yee
- Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Paul M Salvaterra
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute - City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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59
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Zhou Y, Tao X, Wang Z, Feng L, Wang L, Liu X, Pan R, Liao Y, Chang Q. Hippocampus Metabolic Disturbance and Autophagy Deficiency in Olfactory Bulbectomized Rats and the Modulatory Effect of Fluoxetine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174282. [PMID: 31480539 PMCID: PMC6747550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) rodent is a widely-used model for depression (especially for agitated depression). The present study aims to investigate the hippocampus metabolic profile and autophagy-related pathways in OBX rats and to explore the modulatory roles of fluoxetine. OBX rats were given a 30-day fluoxetine treatment after post-surgery rehabilitation, and then behavioral changes were evaluated. Subsequently, the hippocampus was harvested for metabonomics analysis and Western blot detection. As a result, OBX rats exhibited a significantly increased hyperemotionality score and declined spatial memory ability. Fluoxetine reduced the hyperemotional response, but failed to restore the memory deficit in OBX rats. Sixteen metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers for the OBX model including six that were rectified by fluoxetine. Disturbed pathways were involved in amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and energy metabolism. In addition, autophagy was markedly inhibited in the hippocampus of OBX rats. Fluoxetine could promote autophagy by up-regulating the expression of LC3 II, beclin1, and p-AMPK/AMPK, and down-regulating the levels of p62, p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR, and p-ULK1/ULK1. Our findings indicated that OBX caused marked abnormalities in hippocampus metabolites and autophagy, and fluoxetine could partly redress the metabolic disturbance and enhance autophagy to reverse the depressive-like behavior, but not the memory deficits in OBX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Tao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Medicine, the Open University of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lisha Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruile Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yonghong Liao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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60
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Lysosomal Dysfunction in Down Syndrome Is APP-Dependent and Mediated by APP-βCTF (C99). J Neurosci 2019; 39:5255-5268. [PMID: 31043483 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0578-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal failure underlies pathogenesis of numerous congenital neurodegenerative disorders and is an early and progressive feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Here, we report that lysosomal dysfunction in Down ayndrome (trisomy 21), a neurodevelopmental disorder and form of early onset AD, requires the extra gene copy of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is specifically mediated by the β cleaved carboxy terminal fragment of APP (APP-βCTF, C99). In primary fibroblasts from individuals with DS, lysosomal degradation of autophagic and endocytic substrates is selectively impaired, causing them to accumulate in enlarged autolysosomes/lysosomes. Direct measurements of lysosomal pH uncovered a significant elevation (0.6 units) as a basis for slowed LC3 turnover and the inactivation of cathepsin D and other lysosomal hydrolases known to be unstable or less active when lysosomal pH is persistently elevated. Normalizing lysosome pH by delivering acidic nanoparticles to lysosomes ameliorated lysosomal deficits, whereas RNA sequencing analysis excluded a transcriptional contribution to hydrolase declines. Cortical neurons cultured from the Ts2 mouse model of DS exhibited lysosomal deficits similar to those in DS cells. Lowering APP expression with siRNA or BACE1 inhibition reversed cathepsin deficits in both fibroblasts and neurons. Deleting one Bace1 allele from adult Ts2 mice had similar rescue effects in vivo The modest elevation of endogenous APP-βCTF needed to disrupt lysosomal function in DS is relevant to sporadic AD where APP-βCTF, but not APP, is also elevated. Our results extend evidence that impaired lysosomal acidification drives progressive lysosomal failure in multiple forms of AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Down syndrome (trisomy 21) (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder invariably leading to early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We showed in cells from DS individuals and neurons of DS models that one extra copy of a normal amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene impairs lysosomal acidification, thereby depressing lysosomal hydrolytic activities and turnover of autophagic and endocytic substrates, processes vital to neuronal survival. These deficits, which were reversible by correcting lysosomal pH, are mediated by elevated levels of endogenous β-cleaved carboxy-terminal fragment of APP (APP-βCTF). Notably, similar endosomal-lysosomal pathobiology emerges early in sporadic AD, where neuronal APP-βCTF is also elevated, underscoring its importance as a therapeutic target and underscoring the functional and pathogenic interrelationships between the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and genes causing AD.
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61
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La Barbera L, Vedele F, Nobili A, D'Amelio M, Krashia P. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Functional Role of Ambra1 in Autism and Schizophrenia. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6716-6724. [PMID: 30915711 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The activating molecule in Beclin-1-regulated autophagy (Ambra1) is a highly intrinsically disordered protein best known for its role as a mediator in autophagy, by favoring the formation of autophagosomes. Additional studies have revealed that Ambra1 is able to coordinate cell responses to stress conditions such as starvation, and it actively participates in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal modification, apoptosis, mitochondria removal, and cell cycle downregulation. All these functions highlight the importance of Ambra1 in crucial physiological events, including metabolism, cell death, and cell division. Importantly, Ambra1 is also crucial for proper embryonic development, and its complete absence in knock-out animal models leads to severe brain morphology defects. In line with this, it has recently been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders affecting humans, particularly autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Here, we discuss the recent links between Ambra1 and neurodevelopment, particularly focusing on its role during the maturation of hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons and its importance for maintaining a proper excitation/inhibition balance in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia La Barbera
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Francescangelo Vedele
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Nobili
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, University Campus-Biomedico, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy. .,Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, University Campus-Biomedico, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paraskevi Krashia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, Department of Experimental Neurosciences, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.
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62
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Lee JH, Rao MV, Yang DS, Stavrides P, Im E, Pensalfini A, Huo C, Sarkar P, Yoshimori T, Nixon RA. Transgenic expression of a ratiometric autophagy probe specifically in neurons enables the interrogation of brain autophagy in vivo. Autophagy 2019; 15:543-557. [PMID: 30269645 PMCID: PMC6351128 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1528812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) disruption is considered pathogenic in multiple neurodegenerative diseases; however, current methods are inadequate to investigate macroautophagy/autophagy flux in brain in vivo and its therapeutic modulation. Here, we describe a novel autophagy reporter mouse (TRGL6) stably expressing a dual-fluorescence-tagged LC3 (tfLC3, mRFP-eGFP-LC3) by transgenesis selectively in neurons. The tfLC3 probe distributes widely in the central nervous system, including spinal cord. Expression levels were similar to endogenous LC3 and induced no detectable ALP changes. This ratiometric reporter registers differential pH-dependent changes in color as autophagosomes form, fuse with lysosomes, acidify, and degrade substrates within autolysosomes. We confirmed predicted changes in neuronal autophagy flux following specific experimental ALP perturbations. Furthermore, using a third fluorescence label in TRGL6 brains to identify lysosomes by immunocytochemistry, we validated a novel procedure to detect defective autolysosomal acidification in vivo. Thus, TRGL6 mice represent a unique tool to investigate in vivo ALP dynamics in specific neuron populations in relation to neurological diseases, aging, and disease modifying agents. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin, beta; AD: Alzheimer disease; AL: autolysosomes; ALP: autophagy-lysosome pathway; AP: autophagosome; APP: amyloid beta (Abeta) precursor protein; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; AV: autophagic vacuoles; CNS: central nervous system; CTSD: cathepsin D; CQ: chloroquine; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GABARAP: gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor associated protein; GABARAPL2/GATE16: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-associated protein-like 2; ICC: immunocytochemistry; ICV: intra-cerebroventricular; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; Leup: leupeptin; LY: lysosomes; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; RBFOX3/NeuN: RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; tfLC3: mRFP-eGFP-LC3; TRGL6: Thy1 mRFP eGFP LC3-line 6; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PD: Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hyun Lee
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mala V. Rao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dun-Sheng Yang
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip Stavrides
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Eunju Im
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Pensalfini
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunfeng Huo
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Pallabi Sarkar
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - Ralph A. Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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63
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Ling SC, Dastidar SG, Tokunaga S, Ho WY, Lim K, Ilieva H, Parone PA, Tyan SH, Tse TM, Chang JC, Platoshyn O, Bui NB, Bui A, Vetto A, Sun S, McAlonis-Downes M, Han JS, Swing D, Kapeli K, Yeo GW, Tessarollo L, Marsala M, Shaw CE, Tucker-Kellogg G, La Spada AR, Lagier-Tourenne C, Da Cruz S, Cleveland DW. Overriding FUS autoregulation in mice triggers gain-of-toxic dysfunctions in RNA metabolism and autophagy-lysosome axis. eLife 2019; 8:40811. [PMID: 30747709 PMCID: PMC6389288 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in coding and non-coding regions of FUS cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The latter mutations may exert toxicity by increasing FUS accumulation. We show here that broad expression within the nervous system of wild-type or either of two ALS-linked mutants of human FUS in mice produces progressive motor phenotypes accompanied by characteristic ALS-like pathology. FUS levels are autoregulated by a mechanism in which human FUS downregulates endogenous FUS at mRNA and protein levels. Increasing wild-type human FUS expression achieved by saturating this autoregulatory mechanism produces a rapidly progressive phenotype and dose-dependent lethality. Transcriptome analysis reveals mis-regulation of genes that are largely not observed upon FUS reduction. Likely mechanisms for FUS neurotoxicity include autophagy inhibition and defective RNA metabolism. Thus, our results reveal that overriding FUS autoregulation will trigger gain-of-function toxicity via altered autophagy-lysosome pathway and RNA metabolism function, highlighting a role for protein and RNA dyshomeostasis in FUS-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Chien Ling
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Somasish Ghosh Dastidar
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Seiya Tokunaga
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Wan Yun Ho
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hristelina Ilieva
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Philippe A Parone
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Sheue-Houy Tyan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tsemay M Tse
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jer-Cherng Chang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ngoc B Bui
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Anh Bui
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Anne Vetto
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Shuying Sun
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Melissa McAlonis-Downes
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Joo Seok Han
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Debbie Swing
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States
| | - Katannya Kapeli
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, United States
| | - Martin Marsala
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Dementia Research Institute Centre, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg Tucker-Kellogg
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Sandrine Da Cruz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Don W Cleveland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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64
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Ye B, Wang Q, Hu H, Shen Y, Fan C, Chen P, Ma Y, Wu H, Xiang M. Restoring autophagic flux attenuates cochlear spiral ganglion neuron degeneration by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation via inhibiting MTOR. Autophagy 2019; 15:998-1016. [PMID: 30706760 PMCID: PMC6526833 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1569926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy dysfunction is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. TFEB (transcription factor EB), an important molecule that regulates lysosomal and autophagy function, is regarded as a potential target for treating some neurodegenerative diseases. However, the relationship between autophagy dysfunction and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) degeneration and the role of TFEB in SGN degeneration has not yet been established. Here, we showed that in degenerated SGNs, induced by sensory epithelial cell loss in the cochlea of mice following kanamycin and furosemide administration, the lipofuscin area and oxidative stress level were increased, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic TFEB ratio was decreased, and the late stage of autophagic flux was impaired. After autophagy dysfunction was partially ameliorated with an MTOR inhibitor, which promoted TFEB translocation into the nucleus from the cytoplasm, we found that the lysosomal deficits were significantly relieved, the oxidative stress level was reduced, and the density of surviving SGNs and auditory nerve fibers was increased. The results in the present study reveal that autophagy dysfunction is an important component of SGN degeneration, and TFEB may be a potential target for attenuating SGN degeneration following sensory epithelial cell loss in the cochlea of mice. Abbreviations: 3-NT: 3-nitrotyrosine; 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine; ABR: auditory brainstem response; APP: amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CTSB: cathespin B; CTSD: cathespin D; SAMR1: senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1; SAMP8: senescence-accelerated mouse/prone 8; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; SGN: spiral ganglion neuron; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscope; TFEB: transcription factor EB
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Quan Wang
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Haixia Hu
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yilin Shen
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Cui Fan
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Penghui Chen
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yan Ma
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hao Wu
- b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Mingliang Xiang
- a Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Ruijin Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,b Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose diseases, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,c Ear Institute , Shanghai Jiao tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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65
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He S, Zeng D, Xu F, Zhang J, Zhao N, Wang Q, Shi J, Lin Z, Yu W, Li H. Baseline Serum Levels of Beclin-1, but Not Inflammatory Factors, May Predict Antidepressant Treatment Response in Chinese Han Patients With MDD: A Preliminary Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:378. [PMID: 31244689 PMCID: PMC6563849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the choice of medical treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is primarily based on a trial-and-error process. Thus, identification of individual factors capable of predicting treatment response is of great clinical relevance. Recent work points towards beclin-1 and inflammatory factors as potential biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response. The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether pre-treatment serum levels of beclin-1 and inflammatory factors could predict antidepressant treatment response in Chinese Han patients with MDD. Forty patients with MDD were treated with either a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (paroxetine in 20 cases) or a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) (duloxetine in 13 cases and venlafaxine in 7 cases). Depression scores and serum levels of beclin-1 were measured at the baseline and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1B, and IL-6 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits at the baseline. Twenty-seven patients were identified as treatment responders, whereas 13 were identified as non-responders after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Baseline serum beclin-1 levels were significantly higher in non-responders than in responders (p = 0.001), whereas no differences were found in baseline serum CRP, IL-1B, or IL-6 levels between responders and non-responders. There were no significant correlations between baseline levels of beclin-1 and baseline IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP levels-neither in the total sample nor in responder and non-responder groups. Moreover, logistic regression models and a random forest model showed that baseline serum beclin-1, but not inflammatory factors, was an independent and the most important predictor for antidepressant treatment response. Furthermore, serum beclin-1 levels were significantly increased in responders (p = 0.027) but not in non-responders after 8 weeks of treatment (p = 0.221). Baseline serum beclin-1 levels may be a predictive biomarker of antidepressant response in patients with MDD. Moreover, beclin-1 may be involved in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feikang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Nan Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Lin
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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66
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Xie W, Zhou J. Aberrant regulation of autophagy in mammalian diseases. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2017.0540. [PMID: 29321247 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major cellular metabolic pathway that facilitates degradation of a subset of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic organelles in eukaryotic cells. This pathway plays a vital role in preserving the cellular homeostasis of the cells themselves, in addition to maintaining the normal physiological state of cell renewal. Many stressors, such as starvation, ischaemia and oxidative stress can induce autophagy. In addition to its physiological roles, autophagy also occurs in a wide variety of pathological processes, including tumour progression, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative and lung diseases. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that autophagy also plays a key role in the development of mammalian diseases, a function that has garnered substantial attention and study. An in-depth understanding of the molecular role that autophagy plays in pathological settings is vital for both the diagnosis and treatment of mammalian diseases and will aid in the search for novel targets for therapeutic drug intervention. Here, we provide an integrated review of recent studies implicating autophagy dysfunction in the progression of mammalian disorders and summarize research suggesting that the molecular pathways involved in autophagy could serve as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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67
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Chung Y, Lee J, Jung S, Lee Y, Cho JW, Oh YJ. Dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1189. [PMID: 30538224 PMCID: PMC6289995 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1229-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a regulated, intracellular degradation process that delivers unnecessary or dysfunctional cargo to the lysosome. Autophagy has been viewed as an adaptive survival response to various stresses, whereas in other cases, it promotes cell death. Therefore, both deficient and excessive autophagy may lead to cell death. In this study, we specifically attempted to explore whether and how dysregulated autophagy contributes to caspase-dependent neuronal cell death induced by the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses indicated that MN9D neuronal cells and primary cultures of cortical neurons challenged with 6-OHDA displayed typical features of autophagy. Cotreatment with chloroquine and monitoring autophagic flux by a tandem mRFP-EGFP-tagged LC3 probe indicated that the autophagic phenomena were primarily caused by dysregulated autophagic flux. Consequently, cotreatment with an antioxidant but not with a pan-caspase inhibitor significantly blocked 6-OHDA-stimulated dysregulated autophagy. These results indicated that 6-OHDA-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) played a critical role in triggering neuronal death by causing dysregulated autophagy and subsequent caspase-dependent apoptosis. The results of the MTT reduction, caspase-3 activation, and TUNEL assays indicated that pharmacological inhibition of autophagy using 3-methyladenine or deletion of the autophagy-related gene Atg5 significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-induced cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that abnormal induction of autophagic flux promotes apoptotic neuronal cell death, and that the treatments limiting dysregulated autophagy may have a strong neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhyun Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Shinae Jung
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Young J Oh
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea.
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68
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A Brief Review on the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Vitexin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4785089. [PMID: 30627560 PMCID: PMC6304565 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4785089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neural dysfunction is triggered by cellular and molecular events that provoke neurotoxicity and neural death. Currently, neurodegenerative diseases are increasingly common, and available treatments are focused on relieving symptoms. Based on the above, in this review we describe the participation of vitexin in the main events involved in the neurotoxicity and cell death process, as well as the use of vitexin as a therapeutic approach to suppress or attenuate neurodegenerative progress. Vitexin contributes to increasing neuroprotective factors and pathways and counteract the targets that induce neurodegeneration, such as redox imbalance, neuroinflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, and reduction of cognitive and/or motor impairment. The results obtained provide substantial evidence to support the scientific exploration of vitexin in these pathologies, since their effects are still little explored for this direction.
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69
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Gu X, Han M, Du Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Zhou X, Ye D, Wang HL. Pb disrupts autophagic flux through inhibiting the formation and activity of lysosomes in neural cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 55:43-50. [PMID: 30496793 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) has long been known as a metallic toxin to exert detrimental effects on human health, particularly on the central nervous system (CNS). Misregulated autophagy was regularly associated with multiple cellular dysfunctions and human diseases. However, the role of autophagy underlying Pb-induced neurotoxicity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that Pb promoted the accumulation of autophagosomes in PC12 cells, and subsequent findings revealed that this autophagosome accumulation was primarily caused by the inhibition of autophagic flux. Moreover, the results showed that Pb affected autophagy course through increasing Beclin 1 and ATG5 expression levels. Specifically, by double labeling with LC3-II (a marker of autophagosome) and LAMP-1 (a marker of lysosome), Pb impaired fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. Additionally, Pb exposure significantly reduced the number or size of lysosomes via decreasing the level of LAMP1, which is confirmed by the LysoTracker Red staining. Furthermore, the impairment of lysosomal activity was also signaled by the altered pH value of this acidic organelle. Overall, Pb exposure led to injuries of autophagy of neural cells through inhibiting the genesis and activity of lysosomes. The data provides insight with the neurotoxicity of Pb in a novel perspective, autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Yang Du
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Xianxuan Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Danlei Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China.
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70
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Li L, Roh JH, Chang EH, Lee Y, Lee S, Kim M, Koh W, Chang JW, Kim HJ, Nakanishi M, Barker RA, Na DL, Song J. iPSC Modeling of Presenilin1 Mutation in Alzheimer's Disease with Cerebellar Ataxia. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:350-364. [PMID: 30429645 PMCID: PMC6221836 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.5.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disease modeling of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been hampered by the lack of suitable cellular models while animal models are mainly based on the overexpression of AD-related genes which often results in an overemphasis of certain pathways and is also confounded by aging. In this study, we therefore developed and used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from a middle-aged AD patient with a known presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutation (Glu120Lys; PS1-E120K) and as a control, an elderly normal subject. Using this approach, we demonstrated that the extracellular accumulation of Aβ was dramatically increased in PS1-E120K iPSC-derived neurons compared with the control iPSC line. PS1-E120K iPSC-derived neurons also exhibited high levels of phosphorylated tau, as well as mitochondrial abnormalities and defective autophagy. Given that the effect of aging is lost with iPSC generation, these abnormal cellular features are therefore indicative of PSEN1-associated AD pathogenesis rather than primary changes associated with aging. Taken together, this iPSC-based approach of AD modeling can now be used to better understand AD pathogenesis as well as a tool for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jee Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun Hyuk Chang
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Minchul Kim
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Wonyoung Koh
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8561, Japan
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Duk L Na
- Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jihwan Song
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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71
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Morozova KN, Suldina LA, Malankhanova TB, Grigor’eva EV, Zakian SM, Kiseleva E, Malakhova AA. Introducing an expanded CAG tract into the huntingtin gene causes a wide spectrum of ultrastructural defects in cultured human cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204735. [PMID: 30332437 PMCID: PMC6192588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling of neurodegenerative diseases in vitro holds great promise for biomedical research. Human cell lines harboring a mutations in disease-causing genes are thought to recapitulate early stages of the development an inherited disease. Modern genome-editing tools allow researchers to create isogenic cell clones with an identical genetic background providing an adequate "healthy" control for biomedical and pharmacological experiments. Here, we generated isogenic mutant cell clones with 150 CAG repeats in the first exon of the huntingtin (HTT) gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and performed ultrastructural and morphometric analyses of the internal organization of the mutant cells. Electron microscopy showed that deletion of three CAG triplets or an HTT gene knockout had no significant influence on the cell structure. The insertion of 150 CAG repeats led to substantial changes in quantitative and morphological parameters of mitochondria and increased the association of mitochondria with the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum while causing accumulation of small autolysosomes in the cytoplasm. Our data indicate for the first time that expansion of the CAG repeat tract in HTT introduced via the CRISPR/Cas9 technology into a human cell line initiates numerous ultrastructural defects that are typical for Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia N. Morozova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov A. Suldina
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tuyana B. Malankhanova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena V. Grigor’eva
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kiseleva
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Malakhova
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- E.Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Russo R, Varano GP, Adornetto A, Nazio F, Tettamanti G, Girardello R, Cianfanelli V, Cavaliere F, Morrone LA, Corasaniti MT, Cecconi F, Bagetta G, Nucci C. Rapamycin and fasting sustain autophagy response activated by ischemia/reperfusion injury and promote retinal ganglion cell survival. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:981. [PMID: 30250019 PMCID: PMC6155349 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1044-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, the cellular process responsible for degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components through the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway, is fundamental for neuronal homeostasis and its deregulation has been identified as a hallmark of neurodegeneration. Retinal hypoxic–ischemic events occur in several sight-treating disorders, such as central retinal artery occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, leading to degeneration and loss of retinal ganglion cells. Here we analyzed the autophagic response in the retinas of mice subjected to ischemia induced by transient elevation of intraocular pressure, reporting a biphasic and reperfusion time-dependent modulation of the process. Ischemic insult triggered in the retina an acute induction of autophagy that lasted during the first hours of reperfusion. This early upregulation of the autophagic flux limited RGC death, as demonstrated by the increased neuronal loss observed in mice with genetic impairment of basal autophagy owing to heterozygous ablation of the autophagy-positive modulator Ambra1 (Ambra1+/gt). Upregulation of autophagy was exhausted 24 h after the ischemic event and reduced autophagosomal turnover was associated with build up of the autophagic substrate SQSTM-1/p62, decreased ATG12-ATG5 conjugate, ATG4 and BECN1/Beclin1 expression. Animal fasting or subchronic systemic treatment with rapamycin sustained and prolonged autophagy activation and improved RGC survival, providing proof of principle for autophagy induction as a potential therapeutic strategy in retinal neurodegenerative conditions associated with hypoxic/ischemic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pasquale Varano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.,Ophtalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Adornetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Francesca Nazio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCSS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Federica Cavaliere
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCSS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Carlo Nucci
- Ophtalmology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
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73
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Zeinvand-Lorestani M, Kalantari H, Khodayar MJ, Teimoori A, Saki N, Ahangarpour A, Rahim F, Alboghobeish S. Autophagy upregulation as a possible mechanism of arsenic induced diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11960. [PMID: 30097599 PMCID: PMC6086829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused by high fat diet (HFD) in combination with arsenic (As) exposure (pronounced glucose intolerance despite a significant decrease in insulin resistance) are different from those expected for T2DM. Autophagy has been considered as a possible link between insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore in this study, we utilized autophagy gene expression profiling via real-time RT-PCR array analysis in livers of NMRI mice exposed to an environmentally relevant and minimally cytotoxic concentration of arsenite (50 ppm) in drinking water while being fed with a HFD for 20 weeks. Out of 84 genes associated with autophagy under study, 21 genes were related to autophagy machinery components of which 13 genes were downregulated when HDF diet was applied. In this study, for the first time, it was shown that the exposure to arsenic in the livers of mice chronically fed with HFD along with increased oxidative stress resulted in the restoration of autophagy [upregulation of genes involved in the early phase of phagophore formation, phagophore expansion and autophagosome-lysosome linkage stages]. Considering the role of arsenic in the induction of autophagy; it can be argued that reduced insulin resistance in HFD - As induced diabetes may be mediated by autophagy upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Khodayar
- Toxicology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Health Research Institute, Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soheila Alboghobeish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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74
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Liu Y, Gordesky-Gold B, Leney-Greene M, Weinbren NL, Tudor M, Cherry S. Inflammation-Induced, STING-Dependent Autophagy Restricts Zika Virus Infection in the Drosophila Brain. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:57-68.e3. [PMID: 29934091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The emerging arthropod-borne flavivirus Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with neurological complications. Innate immunity is essential for the control of virus infection, but the innate immune mechanisms that impact viral infection of neurons remain poorly defined. Using the genetically tractable Drosophila system, we show that ZIKV infection of the adult fly brain leads to NF-kB-dependent inflammatory signaling, which serves to limit infection. ZIKV-dependent NF-kB activation induces the expression of Drosophila stimulator of interferon genes (dSTING) in the brain. dSTING protects against ZIKV by inducing autophagy in the brain. Loss of autophagy leads to increased ZIKV infection of the brain and death of the infected fly, while pharmacological activation of autophagy is protective. These data suggest an essential role for an inflammation-dependent STING pathway in the control of neuronal infection and a conserved role for STING in antimicrobial autophagy, which may represent an ancestral function for this essential innate immune sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beth Gordesky-Gold
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael Leney-Greene
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan L Weinbren
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Tudor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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75
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TDP-43 regulation of stress granule dynamics in neurodegenerative disease-relevant cell types. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7551. [PMID: 29765078 PMCID: PMC5953947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic foci that form in response to various external stimuli and are essential to cell survival following stress. SGs are studied in several diseases, including ALS and FTD, which involve the degeneration of motor and cortical neurons, respectively, and are now realized to be linked pathogenically by TDP-43, originally discovered as a component of ubiquitin-positive aggregates within patients’ neurons and some glial cells. So far, studies to undercover the role of TDP-43 in SGs have used primarily transformed cell lines, and thus rely on the extrapolation of the mechanisms to cell types affected in ALS/FTD, potentially masking cell specific effects. Here, we investigate SG dynamics in primary motor and cortical neurons as well as astrocytes. Our data suggest a cell and stress specificity and demonstrate a requirement for TDP-43 for efficient SG dynamics. In addition, based on our in vitro approach, our data suggest that aging may be an important modifier of SG dynamics which could have relevance to the initiation and/or progression of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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76
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Srivastava A, Singh S, Rajpurohit CS, Srivastava P, Pandey A, Kumar D, Khanna VK, Pant AB. Secretome of Differentiated PC12 Cells Restores the Monocrotophos-Induced Damages in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and SHSY-5Y Cells: Role of Autophagy and Mitochondrial Dynamics. Neuromolecular Med 2018; 20:233-251. [PMID: 29603067 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A perturbed cellular homeostasis is a key factor associated with xenobiotic exposure resulting in various ailments. The local cellular microenvironment enriched with secretory components aids in cell-cell communication that restores this homeostasis. Deciphering the underlying mechanism behind this restorative potential of secretome could serve as a possible solution to many health hazards. We, therefore, explored the protective efficacy of the secretome of differentiated PC12 cells with emphasis on induction of autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Monocrotophos (MCP), a widely used neurotoxic organophosphate, was used as the test compound at sublethal concentration. The conditioned medium (CM) of differentiated PC12 cells comprising of their secretome restored the cell viability, oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in MCP-challenged human mesenchymal stem cells and SHSY-5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line. Delving further to identify the underlying mechanism of this restorative effect we observed a marked increase in the expression of autophagy markers LC3, Beclin-1, Atg5 and Atg7. Exposure to autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, led to a reduced expression of these markers with a concomitant increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic caspase-3. Besides that, the increased mitochondrial fission in MCP-exposed cells was balanced with increased fusion in the presence of CM facilitated by AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling cascade. Mitochondrial dysfunctions are strongly associated with autophagy activation and as per our findings, cellular secretome too induces autophagy. Therefore, connecting these three potential apices can be a major breakthrough in repair and rescue of xenobiotic-damaged tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - S Singh
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - C S Rajpurohit
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - P Srivastava
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - A Pandey
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - D Kumar
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - V K Khanna
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - A B Pant
- System Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), MG Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
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77
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MiR-20a-5p suppresses tumor proliferation by targeting autophagy-related gene 7 in neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:5. [PMID: 29311760 PMCID: PMC5755308 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common malignant tumor originating from the extracranial sympathetic nervous system in children. The molecular mechanisms underlying this disease are complex, and not completely understood. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to quantify the expression of miR-20a-5p and its target gene ATG7 in clinical NB tissues. The biological function of miR-20a-5p and ATG7 in SH-SY5Y cells was investigated through in vitro studies (Real-Time cell kinetic analyzer, colony formation assay, caspase-Glo 3/7 assay and western blotting). The luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the biological relationship between miR-20a-5p and ATG7. Results Here we found that miR-20a-5p expression was significantly downregulated whereas its target autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) was increased along with clinical staging of NB progression. Correlation analysis showed that miR-20a-5p had a negative correlation trend with ATG7. In SH-SY5Y cells, forced expression of miR-20a-5p suppressed ATG7 expression, autophagy initiation and cellular proliferation while promoted apoptosis, suggesting a potential association between miR-20a-5p and ATG7. Further bioinformatic target prediction combined with protein expression and luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-20a-5p inhibited ATG7 by directly binding to its 3′-UTR, confirming the involvement of miR-20a-5p in the regulation of ATG7 in NB. Conclusions These results clarified that miR-20a-5p inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis through negative regulation of ATG7 and thus autophagy suppression in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, defining the context-specific roles of autophagy in NB and regulatory mechanisms involved will be critical for developing autophagy-targeted therapeutics against NB. Both miR-20a-5p and ATG7 would be potential therapeutic targets for future NB treatment.
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78
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Donahue RJ, Moller-Trane R, Nickells RW. Meta-analysis of transcriptomic changes in optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models reveals a fundamental response to injury throughout the central nervous system. Mol Vis 2017; 23:987-1005. [PMID: 29386873 PMCID: PMC5757855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) leads to transcriptional changes that effect tissue function and govern the process of neurodegeneration. Numerous microarray and RNA-Seq studies have been performed to identify these transcriptional changes in the retina following optic nerve injury and elsewhere in the CNS following a variety of insults. We reasoned that conserved transcriptional changes between injury paradigms would be important contributors to the neurodegenerative process. Therefore, we compared the expression results from heterogeneous studies of optic nerve injury and neurodegenerative models. METHODS Expression data was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus. A uniform method for normalizing expression data and detecting differentially expressed (DE) genes was used to compare the transcriptomes from models of acute optic nerve injury (AONI), chronic optic nerve injury (CONI) and brain neurodegeneration. DE genes were split into genes that were more or less prevalent in the injured condition than the control condition (enriched and depleted, respectively) and transformed into their human orthologs so that transcriptomes from different species could be compared. Biologic significance of shared genes was assessed by analyzing lists of shared genes for gene ontology (GO) term over-representation and for representation in KEGG pathways. RESULTS There was significant overlap of enriched DE genes between transcriptomes of AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies even though the overall concordance between datasets was low. The depleted DE genes identified between AONI and CONI models were significantly overlapping, but this significance did not extend to comparisons between optic nerve injury models and neurodegeneration studies. The GO terms overrepresented among the enriched genes shared between AONI, CONI and neurodegeneration studies were related to innate immune processes like the complement system and interferon signaling. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that transcriptional alteration between JAK-STAT, PI3K-AKT and TNF signaling, among others, were conserved between all models that were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS There is a conserved transcriptional response to injury in the CNS. This transcriptional response is driven by the activation of the innate immune system and several regulatory pathways. Understanding the cellular origin of these pathways and the pathological consequences of their activation is essential for understanding and treating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Donahue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Ralph Moller-Trane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Robert W. Nickells
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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79
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Landrock KK, Sullivan P, Martini-Stoica H, Goldstein DS, Graham BH, Yamamoto S, Bellen HJ, Gibbs RA, Chen R, D'Amelio M, Stoica G. Pleiotropic neuropathological and biochemical alterations associated with Myo5a mutation in a rat Model. Brain Res 2017; 1679:155-170. [PMID: 29217155 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyze the neuropathological and biochemical alterations involved in the pathogenesis of a neurodegenerative/movement disorder during different developmental stages in juvenile rats with a mutant Myosin5a (Myo5a). In mutant rats, a spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation characterized by the absence of Myo5a protein expression in the brain is associated with a syndrome of locomotor dysfunction, altered coat color, and neuroendocrine abnormalities. Myo5a encodes a myosin motor protein required for transport and proper distribution of subcellular organelles in somatodendritic processes in neurons. Here we report marked hyperphosphorylation of alpha-synuclein and tau, as well as region-specific buildup of the autotoxic dopamine metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde (DOPAL), related to decreased aldehyde dehydrogenases activity and neurodegeneration in mutant rats. Alpha-synuclein accumulation in mitochondria of dopaminergic neurons is associated with impaired enzymatic respiratory complex I and IV activity. The behavioral and biochemical lesions progress after 15 days postnatal, and by 30-40 days the animals must be euthanized because of neurological impairment. Based on the obtained results, we propose a pleiotropic pathogenesis that links the Myo5a gene mutation to deficient neuronal development and progressive neurodegeneration. This potential model of a neurodevelopmental disorder with neurodegeneration and motor deficits may provide further insight into molecular motors and their associated proteins responsible for altered neurogenesis and neuronal disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin K Landrock
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Patti Sullivan
- Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Heidi Martini-Stoica
- Interdepartmental Program of Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - David S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Brett H Graham
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
| | - Marcello D'Amelio
- University Campus Bio-Medico, Department of Medicine, Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, Rome, Italy.
| | - George Stoica
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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80
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Walter J, Kemmerling N, Wunderlich P, Glebov K. γ-Secretase in microglia - implications for neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. J Neurochem 2017; 143:445-454. [PMID: 28940294 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an intramembrane cleaving protease involved in the generation of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated amyloid β peptide (Aβ). γ-Secretase is ubiquitously expressed in different organs, and also in different cell types of the human brain. Besides the involvement in the proteolytic generation of Aβ from the amyloid precursor protein, γ-secretase cleaves many additional protein substrates, suggesting pleiotropic functions under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Microglia exert important functions during brain development and homeostasis in adulthood, and accumulating evidence indicates that microglia and neuroinflammatory processes contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies demonstrate functional implications of γ-secretase in microglia, suggesting that alterations in γ-secretase activity could contribute to AD pathogenesis by modulation of microglia and related neuroinflammatory processes during neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss the involvement of γ-secretase in the regulation of microglial functions, and the potential relevance of these processes under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This article is part of the series "Beyond Amyloid".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Walter
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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81
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Kim S, Jung UJ, Oh YS, Jeon MT, Kim HJ, Shin WH, Hong J, Kim SR. Beneficial Effects of Silibinin Against Kainic Acid-induced Neurotoxicity in the Hippocampus in vivo. Exp Neurobiol 2017; 26:266-277. [PMID: 29093635 PMCID: PMC5661059 DOI: 10.5607/en.2017.26.5.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Silibinin, an active constituent of silymarin extracted from milk thistle, has been previously reported to confer protection to the adult brain against neurodegeneration. However, its effects against epileptic seizures have not been examined yet. In order to investigate the effects of silibinin against epileptic seizures, we used a relevant mouse model in which seizures are manifested as status epilepticus, induced by kainic acid (KA) treatment. Silibinin was injected intraperitoneally, starting 1 day before an intrahippocampal KA injection and continued daily until analysis of each experiment. Our results indicated that silibinin-treatment could reduce seizure susceptibility and frequency of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) induced by KA administration, and attenuate granule cell dispersion (GCD), a morphological alteration characteristic of the dentate gyrus (DG) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Moreover, its treatment significantly reduced the aberrant levels of apoptotic, autophagic and pro-inflammatory molecules induced by KA administration, resulting in neuroprotection in the hippocampus. Thus, these results suggest that silibinin may be a beneficial natural compound for preventing epileptic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Min-Tae Jeon
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Department of Structure & Function of Neural Network, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Won-Ho Shin
- Predictive Model Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Jungwan Hong
- Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.,Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
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82
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Loos B, Klionsky DJ, Wong E. Augmenting brain metabolism to increase macro- and chaperone-mediated autophagy for decreasing neuronal proteotoxicity and aging. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:90-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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83
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Farizatto KLG, Ikonne US, Almeida MF, Ferrari MFR, Bahr BA. Aβ42-mediated proteasome inhibition and associated tau pathology in hippocampus are governed by a lysosomal response involving cathepsin B: Evidence for protective crosstalk between protein clearance pathways. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182895. [PMID: 28797057 PMCID: PMC5552263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired protein clearance likely increases the risk of protein accumulation disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Protein degradation through the proteasome pathway decreases with age and in AD brains, and the Aβ42 peptide has been shown to impair proteasome function in cultured cells and in a cell-free model. Here, Aβ42 was studied in brain tissue to measure changes in protein clearance pathways and related secondary pathology. Oligomerized Aβ42 (0.5–1.5 μM) reduced proteasome activity by 62% in hippocampal slice cultures over a 4-6-day period, corresponding with increased tau phosphorylation and reduced synaptophysin levels. Interestingly, the decrease in proteasome activity was associated with a delayed inverse effect, >2-fold increase, regarding lysosomal cathepsin B (CatB) activity. The CatB enhancement did not correspond with the Aβ42-mediated phospho-tau alterations since the latter occurred prior to the CatB response. Hippocampal slices treated with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin also exhibited an inverse effect on CatB activity with respect to diminished proteasome function. Lactacystin caused earlier CatB enhancement than Aβ42, and no correspondence was evident between up-regulated CatB levels and the delayed synaptic pathology indicated by the loss of pre- and postsynaptic markers. Contrasting the inverse effects on the proteasomal and lysosomal pathways by Aβ42 and lactacystin, such were not found when CatB activity was up-regulated two-fold with Z-Phe-Ala-diazomethylketone (PADK). Instead of an inverse decline, proteasome function was increased marginally in PADK-treated hippocampal slices. Unexpectedly, the proteasomal augmentation was significantly pronounced in Aβ42-compromised slices, while absent in lactacystin-treated tissue, resulting in >2-fold improvement for nearly complete recovery of proteasome function by the CatB-enhancing compound. The PADK treatment also reduced Aβ42-mediated tau phosphorylation and synaptic marker declines, corresponding with the positive modulation of both proteasome activity and the lysosomal CatB enzyme. These findings indicate that proteasomal stress contributes to AD-type pathogenesis and that governing such pathology occurs through crosstalk between the two protein clearance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. G. Farizatto
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, William C. Friday Laboratory, University of North Carolina—Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Uzoma S. Ikonne
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, William C. Friday Laboratory, University of North Carolina—Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michael F. Almeida
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, William C. Friday Laboratory, University of North Carolina—Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Merari F. R. Ferrari
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biosciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ben A. Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, William C. Friday Laboratory, University of North Carolina—Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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84
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Guo F, Liu X, Cai H, Le W. Autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenesis and therapy. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:3-13. [PMID: 28703923 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent pathological features of many neurodegenerative diseases are the aggregation of misfolded proteins and the loss of certain neuronal populations. Autophagy, as major intracellular machinery for degrading aggregated proteins and damaged organelles, has been reported to be involved in the occurrence of pathological changes in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this review, we summarize most recent research progress in this topic and provide a new perspective regarding autophagy regulation on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the signaling molecules in autophagy-related pathways as therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Neurogenomic Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xinyao Liu
- Clinical Research Center on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Weidong Le
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Neurogenomic Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Clinical Research Center on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
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85
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Ji C, Tang M, Johnson GVW. Assessing the degradation of tau in primary neurons: The role of autophagy. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 141:229-244. [PMID: 28882304 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tau is a neuronal cytosolic, highly regulated protein. Although first identified as a protein that binds and stabilizes microtubules, it is now clear that tau plays numerous other roles in neurons. In addition to its key physiological roles in neuronal structure and function, tau is also involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and numerous other neurodegenerative disorders. In all tauopathies, there are pathogenic accumulations of tau. Given that tau homeostasis requires a balance of synthesis and degradation, understanding the pathways that mediate tau clearance and regulate this process in the disease state is of fundamental importance. In neurons, macroautophagy (referred to as autophagy in this chapter) plays a pivotal role in clearing damaged or misfolded proteins under normal conditions. However, in the disease state autophagy is impaired and tau may not be efficiently targeted for degradation which contributes to the increases in pathological tau species. Therefore, establishing model systems that allow for the analysis of tau clearance by autophagy and quantitative assessment of interventions that increase autophagy and tau clearance are needed. Of particular importance is the use of primary neurons as a model system, as they are more reflective of the relevant in vivo autophagy pathway than clonal or immortalized cell models. In this chapter we present detailed methods for the preparation of neurons, immunoblotting and imaging analyses, genetic and pharmacological manipulation of autophagy with analyses, and methods to quantitatively measure changes in tau and phospho-tau levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Ji
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, Unites States
| | - Maoping Tang
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, Unites States
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86
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Wang Y, MacDonald RG, Thinakaran G, Kar S. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II/Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:2636-2658. [PMID: 26993302 PMCID: PMC5901910 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate (IGF-II/M6P) receptor is a multifunctional single transmembrane glycoprotein. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the structure, ligand-binding properties, and trafficking of the IGF-II/M6P receptor. This receptor has been implicated in a variety of important cellular processes including growth and development, clearance of IGF-II, proteolytic activation of enzymes, and growth factor precursors, in addition to its well-known role in the delivery of lysosomal enzymes. The IGF-II/M6P receptor, distributed widely in the central nervous system, has additional roles in mediating neurotransmitter release and memory enhancement/consolidation, possibly through activating IGF-II-related intracellular signaling pathways. Recent studies suggest that overexpression of the IGF-II/M6P receptor may have an important role in regulating the levels of transcripts and proteins involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-the prevalent cause of dementia affecting the elderly population in our society. It is reported that IGF-II/M6P receptor overexpression can increase the levels/processing of amyloid precursor protein leading to the generation of β-amyloid peptide, which is associated with degeneration of neurons and subsequent development of AD pathology. Given the significance of the receptor in mediating the transport and functioning of the lysosomal enzymes, it is being considered for therapeutic delivery of enzymes to the lysosomes to treat lysosomal storage disorders. Notwithstanding these results, additional studies are required to validate and fully characterize the function of the IGF-II/M6P receptor in the normal brain and its involvement in various neurodegenerative disorders including AD. It is also critical to understand the interaction between the IGF-II/M6P receptor and lysosomal enzymes in neurodegenerative processes, which may shed some light on developing approaches to detect and prevent neurodegeneration through the dysfunction of the receptor and the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R G MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - G Thinakaran
- Departments of Neurobiology, Neurology, and Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - S Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2M8, Canada.
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87
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Li H, Wu J, Shen H, Yao X, Liu C, Pianta S, Han J, Borlongan CV, Chen G. Autophagy in hemorrhagic stroke: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 163-164:79-97. [PMID: 28414101 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence advances the critical role of autophagy in brain pathology after stroke. Investigations employing autophagy induction or inhibition using pharmacological tools or autophagy-related gene knockout mice have recently revealed the biological significance of intact and functional autophagy in stroke. Most of the reported cases attest to a pro-survival role for autophagy in stroke, by facilitating removal of damaged proteins and organelles, which can be recycled for energy generation and cellular defenses. However, these observations are difficult to reconcile with equally compelling evidence demonstrating stroke-induced upregulation of brain cell death index that parallels enhanced autophagy. This begs the question of whether drug-induced autophagy during stroke culminates in improved or worsened pathological outcomes. A corollary fascinating hypothesis, but presents as a tricky conundrum, involves the effects of autophagy on cell death and inflammation, which are two main culprits in the disease progression of stroke-induced brain injury. Evidence has extended the roles of autophagy in inflammation via cytokine regulation in an unconventional secretion manner or by targeting inflammasomes for degradation. Moreover, in the recently concluded Vancouver Autophagy Symposium (VAS) held in 2014, the potential of selective autophagy for clinical treatment has been recognized. The role of autophagy in ischemic stroke has been reviewed previously in detail. Here, we evaluate the strength of laboratory and clinical evidence by providing a comprehensive summary of the literature on autophagy, and thereafter we offer our perspectives on exploiting autophagy as a drug target for cerebral ischemia, especially in hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chenglin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - S Pianta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - J Han
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - C V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine,12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Colonna M, Butovsky O. Microglia Function in the Central Nervous System During Health and Neurodegeneration. Annu Rev Immunol 2017; 35:441-468. [PMID: 28226226 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1338] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are resident cells of the brain that regulate brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks, and injury repair. Microglia serve as brain macrophages but are distinct from other tissue macrophages owing to their unique homeostatic phenotype and tight regulation by the central nervous system (CNS) microenvironment. They are responsible for the elimination of microbes, dead cells, redundant synapses, protein aggregates, and other particulate and soluble antigens that may endanger the CNS. Furthermore, as the primary source of proinflammatory cytokines, microglia are pivotal mediators of neuroinflammation and can induce or modulate a broad spectrum of cellular responses. Alterations in microglia functionality are implicated in brain development and aging, as well as in neurodegeneration. Recent observations about microglia ontogeny combined with extensive gene expression profiling and novel tools to study microglia biology have allowed us to characterize the spectrum of microglial phenotypes during development, homeostasis, and disease. In this article, we review recent advances in our understanding of the biology of microglia, their contribution to homeostasis, and their involvement in neurodegeneration. Moreover, we highlight the complexity of targeting microglia for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110;
| | - Oleg Butovsky
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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89
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Schneider JL, Miller AM, Woesner ME. Autophagy and Schizophrenia: A Closer Look at How Dysregulation of Neuronal Cell Homeostasis Influences the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 31:34-39. [PMID: 28239307 DOI: 10.23861/ejbm201631752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of degrading intracellular components in lysosomes, plays an important role in the central nervous system by contributing to neuronal homeostasis. Autophagic failure has been linked to neurologic dysfunction and a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent investigation has revealed a novel role for autophagy in the context of mental illness, namely in schizophrenia. This article summarizes the phenomenology, genetics, and structural/histopathological brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia. We review studies that demonstrate for the first time a connection between autophagy malfunction and schizophrenia. Transcriptional profiling in schizophrenia patients uncovered a dysregulation of autophagy-related genes spatially confined to a specific area of the cortex, Brodmann Area 22, which has been previously implicated in the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. We also discuss the role of autophagy activators in schizophrenia and whether they may be useful adjuvants to the traditional antipsychotic medications currently used as the standard of care. In summary, the field has progressed beyond the basic concept that autophagy impairment predisposes to neurodegeneration, to a mechanistic understanding that loss of autophagy can disrupt neuronal cell biology and predispose to mood disorders, psychotic symptoms, and behavioral change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY
| | - Ann M Miller
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY.; Bronx Psychiatric Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Mary E Woesner
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY.; Bronx Psychiatric Center, Bronx, NY
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90
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Protective Effect of Psoralea corylifolia L. Seed Extract against Palmitate-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in PC12 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:5410419. [PMID: 27843479 PMCID: PMC5097809 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5410419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The extract of Psoralea corylifolia seeds (PCE) has been widely used as a herbal medicine because of its beneficial effect on human health. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of PCE on palmitate- (PA-) induced toxicity in PC12 cells, a neuron-like cell line. PCE significantly increased cell viability in PA-treated PC12 cells and showed antiapoptotic effects, as evidenced by decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and bax protein as well as increased expression of bcl-2 protein. In addition, PCE treatment reduced PA-induced reactive oxygen species production and upregulated mRNA levels of antioxidant genes such as nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and heme oxygenase 1. Moreover, PCE treatment recovered the expression of autophagy marker genes such as beclin-1 and p62, which was decreased by PA treatment. Treatment with isopsoralen, one of the major components of PCE extract, also recovered the expression of autophagy marker genes and reduced PA-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, PCE exerts protective effects against lipotoxicity via its antioxidant function, and this effect is mediated by activation of autophagy. PCE might be a potential pharmacological agent to protect against neuronal cell injury caused by oxidative stress or lipotoxicity.
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91
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Ma LY, Lv YL, Huo K, Liu J, Shang SH, Fei YL, Li YB, Zhao BY, Wei M, Deng YN, Qu QM. Autophagy-lysosome dysfunction is involved in Aβ deposition in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 320:484-493. [PMID: 27773683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition has a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Previous studies have indicated that as a risk factor for AD, diabetes mellitus (DM) could induce Aβ deposition in the brain, but the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Autophagy-lysosome is a cellular pathway involved in protein and organelle degradation. In the present study, we used streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats to investigate whether autophagy-lysosome is related to Aβ1-42 clearance in DM. We found that DM rats had a longer escape latency and less frequent entry into the target zone than that of the control group (p<0.05) in the Morris water maze test. Meanwhile, hippocampal neuron damage and apoptosis (p<0.05) were found in the DM rats. The Aβ1-42 expression in the hippocampus significantly increased in the DM group compared with the control group (p<0.05). The markers of autophagy, beclin-1 and LC3 II, were increased (p<0.05), whereas LC3 I was decreased (p<0.05), and the ratio of LC3 II / I was increased as the time advanced (p<0.01). LAMP1 and LAMP2, which are the markers of lysosome function, were decreased in the hippocampus of DM rats (p<0.05). The Aβ1-42 deposition was correlated with beclin-1, LC3 II, and LC3 I positively (p<0.05), but with LAMP1 and LAMP2 negatively (p<0.05). These findings indicate that DM activated autophagy, but lysosome function was impaired. Autophagy-lysosome dysfunction may be involved in the Aβ deposition in diabetic cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou-Yan Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya-Li Lv
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xi'an Ninth Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su-Hang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Lang Fei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Bo Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei-Yu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Ning Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiu-Min Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Varghese M, Santa-Maria I, Ho L, Ward L, Yemul S, Dubner L, Księżak-Reding H, Pasinetti GM. Extracellular Tau Paired Helical Filaments Differentially Affect Tau Pathogenic Mechanisms in Mitotic and Post-Mitotic Cells: Implications for Mechanisms of Tau Propagation in the Brain. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 54:477-96. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-160166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Merina Varghese
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lap Ho
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Libby Ward
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shrishailam Yemul
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Dubner
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Księżak-Reding
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Intraneuronal aggregation of the β-CTF fragment of APP (C99) induces Aβ-independent lysosomal-autophagic pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:257-276. [PMID: 27138984 PMCID: PMC4947121 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1577-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal-autophagic-lysosomal (EAL) dysfunction is an early and prominent neuropathological feature of Alzheimers’s disease, yet the exact molecular mechanisms contributing to this pathology remain undefined. By combined biochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural approaches, we demonstrate a link between EAL pathology and the intraneuronal accumulation of the β-secretase-derived βAPP fragment (C99) in two in vivo models, 3xTgAD mice and adeno-associated viral-mediated C99-infected mice. We present a pathological loop in which the accumulation of C99 is both the effect and causality of impaired lysosomal-autophagic function. The deleterious effect of C99 was found to be linked to its aggregation within EAL-vesicle membranes leading to disrupted lysosomal proteolysis and autophagic impairment. This effect was Aβ independent and was even exacerbated when γ-secretase was pharmacologically inhibited. No effect was observed in inhibitor-treated wild-type animals suggesting that lysosomal dysfunction was indeed directly linked to C99 accumulation. In some brain areas, strong C99 expression also led to inflammatory responses and synaptic dysfunction. Taken together, this work demonstrates a toxic effect of C99 which could underlie some of the early-stage anatomical hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Our work also proposes molecular mechanisms likely explaining some of the unfavorable side-effects associated with γ-secretase inhibitor-directed therapies.
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Yao X, Sha S, Wang Y, Sun X, Cao J, Kang J, Jiang L, Chen M, Ma Y. Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Induces Autophagy-Dependent Apoptosis through Spinster 1-Mediated lysosomal-Mitochondrial Axis and Impaired Mitophagy. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:198-211. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Contribution of Hippocampal 5-HT 3 Receptors in Hippocampal Autophagy and Extinction of Conditioned Fear Responses after a Single Prolonged Stress Exposure in Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:595-606. [PMID: 27324798 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the hypotheses about the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the dysfunction of serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission. While certain 5-HT receptor subtypes are likely critical for the symptoms of PTSD, few studies have examined the role of 5-HT3 receptor in the development of PTSD, even though 5-HT3 receptor is critical for contextual fear extinction and anxiety-like behavior. Therefore, we hypothesized that stimulation of 5-HT3 receptor in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) could prevent hippocampal autophagy and the development of PTSD-like behavior in animals. To this end, we infused SR57227, selective 5-HT3 agonist, into the DH after a single prolonged stress (SPS) treatment in rats. Three weeks later, we evaluated the effects of this pharmacological treatment on anxiety-related behaviors and extinction of contextual fear memory. We also accessed hippocampal autophagy and the expression of 5-HT3A subunit, Beclin-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II in the DH. We found that SPS treatment did not alter anxiety-related behaviors but prolonged the extinction of contextual fear memory, and such a behavioral phenomenon was correlated with increased hippocampal autophagy, decreased 5-HT3A expression, and increased expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in the DH. Furthermore, intraDH infusions of SR57227 dose-dependently promoted the extinction of contextual fear memory, prevented hippocampal autophagy, and decreased expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in the DH. These results indicated that 5-HT3 receptor in the hippocampus may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of hippocampal autophagy, and is likely involved in the pathophysiology of PTSD.
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Bai W, Chen Y, Sun P, Gao A. Downregulation of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 by overexpressed microRNA 34a enhanced titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced autophagy in BEAS-2B cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1959-71. [PMID: 27226226 PMCID: PMC4866753 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (TNPs) are manufactured worldwide for a wide range of applications and the toxic effect of TNPs on biological systems is gaining attention. Autophagy is recognized as an emerging toxicity mechanism triggered by nanomaterials. MicroRNA 34a (miR34a) acts as a tumor suppressor gene by targeting many oncogenes, but how it affects autophagy induced by TNPs is not completely understood. Here, we observed the activation of TNP-induced autophagy through monodansylcadaverine staining and LC3-I/LC3-II conversion. Meanwhile, the transmission electron microscope ultrastructural analysis showed typical morphological characteristics in autophagy process. We detected the expression of miR34a and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2). In addition, the underlying mechanism of TNP-induced autophagy was performed using overexpression of miR34a by lentivirus vector transfection. Results showed that TNPs induced autophagy generation evidently. Typical morphological changes in the process of autophagy were observed by the transmission electron microscope ultrastructural analysis and LC3-I/LC3-II conversion increased significantly in TNP-treated cells. Meanwhile, TNPs induced the downregulation of miR34a and increased the expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, overexpressed miR34a decreased the expression of Bcl-2 both in messenger RNA and protein level, following which the level of autophagy and cell death rate increased after the transfected cells were incubated with TNPs for 24 hours. These findings provide the first evidence that overexpressed miR34a enhanced TNP-induced autophagy and cell death through targeted downregulation of Bcl-2 in BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Bai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengling Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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97
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Ermilov VV, Nesterova AA. β-amyloidopathy in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Correlation with Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:119-25. [PMID: 26427402 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of new biotechnology and genetic engineering methods to the study of the aging organism allowed to select a group of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) which have a similar mechanism of pathogenesis including pathological processes of protein aggregation and its deposition in the structures of nerve tissue. The development of eye and brain from one embryonic germ layer, community of ethiopathogenetic and morphological manifestations of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), a common pathway of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) are associated with the pathological aggregation of fibrillar β-amyloid (Aβ) protein and the development of β-amyloidopathy in structural elements of the eye and the brain. The review demonstrates the keynote of AMD and AD pathogenesis is β-amyloidopathy that is a manifestation of proteinopathy leading to cytotoxicity, neurodegeneration and the development of pathological apoptosis activated by the formation of intracellular Aβ. This view on the problem predetermines the development of new strategies for the creating of ophthalmogeriatric and neuroprotective drugs affecting the pathogenesis and including all stages of Aβ formation and pathological aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Ermilov
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, Volgograd State Medical University, 8 Dvinskaya, app 85, 400087, Volgograd, Russia.
| | - Alla A Nesterova
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Cytology, Volgograd State Medical University, 49 Universitetskiy pr, app 149, 400011, Volgograd, Russia.
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98
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Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion enhances Tau hyperphosphorylation and reduces autophagy in Alzheimer's disease mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23964. [PMID: 27050297 PMCID: PMC4822118 DOI: 10.1038/srep23964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion and impaired autophagy are two etiological factors that have been identified as being associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, the exact relationships among these pathological processes remain unknown. To elucidate the impact of cerebral hypoperfusion in AD, we created a unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) model by occluding the left common carotid artery in both young and old 3xTg-AD mice. Two months after occlusion, we found that ligation increases phospho-Tau (p-Tau) at Serine 199/202 in the hippocampus of 3-month-old AD mice, compared to sham-operated AD mice; whereas, there is no change in the wild type (WT) mice after ligation. Moreover, cerebral hypoperfusion led to significant increase of p-Tau in both the hippocampus and cortex of 16-month-old AD mice and WT mice. Notably, we did not detect any change in Aβ42 level in either young or old AD and WT mice after ligation. Interestingly, we observed a downregulation of LC3-II in the cortex of aged AD mice and WT mice after ligation. Our results suggest that elevated p-Tau and reduced autophagy are major cellular changes that are associated with hypoperfusion in AD. Therefore, targeting p-Tau and autophagy pathways may ameliorate hypoperfusion-induced brain damage in AD.
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99
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Sergin I, Bhattacharya S, Emanuel R, Esen E, Stokes CJ, Evans TD, Arif B, Curci JA, Razani B. Inclusion bodies enriched for p62 and polyubiquitinated proteins in macrophages protect against atherosclerosis. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra2. [PMID: 26732762 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad5614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic cellular mechanism that degrades dysfunctional proteins and organelles. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is enhanced in mice with macrophages deficient for the critical autophagy protein ATG5. We showed that exposure of macrophages to lipids that promote atherosclerosis increased the abundance of the autophagy chaperone p62 and that p62 colocalized with polyubiquitinated proteins in cytoplasmic inclusions, which are characterized by insoluble protein aggregates. ATG5-null macrophages developed further p62 accumulation at the sites of large cytoplasmic ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies. Aortas from atherosclerotic mice and plaques from human endarterectomy samples showed increased abundance of p62 and polyubiquitinated proteins that colocalized with plaque macrophages, suggesting that p62-enriched protein aggregates were characteristic of atherosclerosis. The formation of the cytoplasmic inclusions depended on p62 because lipid-loaded p62-null macrophages accumulated polyubiquitinated proteins in a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. Lipid-loaded p62-null macrophages also exhibited increased secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and had an increased tendency to undergo apoptosis, which depended on the p62 ubiquitin-binding domain and at least partly involved p62-mediated clearance of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Consistent with our in vitro observations, p62-deficient mice formed greater numbers of more complex atherosclerotic plaques, and p62 deficiency further increased atherosclerotic plaque burden in mice with a macrophage-specific ablation of ATG5. Together, these data suggested that sequestration of cytotoxic ubiquitinated proteins by p62 protects against atherogenesis, a condition in which the clearance of protein aggregates is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sergin
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Somashubhra Bhattacharya
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Roy Emanuel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emel Esen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carl J Stokes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Trent D Evans
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Batool Arif
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John A Curci
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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100
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Wu H, Chen S, Ammar AB, Xu J, Wu Q, Pan K, Zhang J, Hong Y. Crosstalk Between Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy: Implications for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1284-1296. [PMID: 25330936 PMCID: PMC4586010 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) are two important subtypes of autophagy that play a critical role in cellular quality control under physiological and pathological conditions. Despite the marked differences between these two autophagic pathways, macroautophagy and CMA are intimately connected with each other during the autophagy-lysosomal degradation process, in particular, in the setting of neurological illness. Macroautophagy serves as a backup mechanism to removal of malfunctioning proteins (i.e., aberrant α-synuclein) from the cytoplasm when CMA is compromised, and vice versa. The molecular mechanisms underlying the conversation between macroautophagy and CMA are being clarified. Herein, we survey current overviews concentrating on the complex interactions between macroautophagy and CMA, and present therapeutic potentials through utilization and manipulation of macroautophagy-CMA crosstalk in the treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Al-Baadani Ammar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kum Pan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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