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Gupta M, Paliwal VK, Babu GN. Serum fractalkine and 3-nitrotyrosine levels correlate with disease severity in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:209-217. [PMID: 34342811 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and Parkinsonian syndromes; Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and Multiple system atrophy (MSA) are debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. Fractalkine is a chemokine involved in neuroinflammation, whereas, 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is a marker of early neurodegenerative cellular-damage. We measured Fractalkine and 3-NT levels in the serum of these patients to examine the neuroinflammation hypothesis and also to decipher the propensity of these biologics to be used as early (5 years from onset) biochemical markers in neurodegenerative Parkinsonism. The diagnoses of PD, PSP and MSA were performed as per the respective clinical criteria. 21 PD, 9 PSP and 8 MSA patients along with controls participated in this study. Serum concentrations of Fractalkine and 3-NT were measured by ELISA. Fractalkine levels were increased in PD, PSP and MSA cohorts in comparison with controls with p < 0.001, p < 0.05 and p < 0.05 respectively. Levels of 3-NT also showed elevation in PD (p < 0.01) vs. controls. However, Pearson plot showed that Fractalkine levels were high in the patients with unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) part III motor score of 1, meaning slight disability, but gradually dropped in patients with motor score of 4, which is a measure of severe motor disability. This negative correlation (- .565, p < .0.01) also accentuates the neuroprotectant/anti-inflammatory nature of Fractalkine in PD. Continuous rise of 3-NT in PD, positively correlating (.512, p < 0.05) with worsening motor symptoms points to deleterious consequences of nitrosative stress. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence that serum Fractalkine and 3-NT have early diagnostic/prognostic significance as PD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Gupta
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Vimal Kumar Paliwal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - G Nagesh Babu
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP, 226014, India.
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Grosso Jasutkar H, Oh SE, Mouradian MM. Therapeutics in the Pipeline Targeting α-Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:207-237. [PMID: 35017177 PMCID: PMC11034868 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and the fastest growing neurologic disease in the world, yet no disease-modifying therapy is available for this disabling condition. Multiple lines of evidence implicate the protein α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the pathogenesis of PD, and as such, there is intense interest in targeting α-Syn for potential disease modification. α-Syn is also a key pathogenic protein in other synucleionpathies, most commonly dementia with Lewy bodies. Thus, therapeutics targeting this protein will have utility in these disorders as well. Here we discuss the various approaches that are being investigated to prevent and mitigate α-Syn toxicity in PD, including clearing its pathologic aggregates from the brain using immunization strategies, inhibiting its misfolding and aggregation, reducing its expression level, enhancing cellular clearance mechanisms, preventing its cell-to-cell transmission within the brain and perhaps from the periphery, and targeting other proteins associated with or implicated in PD that contribute to α-Syn toxicity. We also discuss the therapeutics in the pipeline that harness these strategies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for the field in the discovery and development of therapeutics for disease modification in PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, for which disease-modifying therapies remain a major unmet need. A large body of evidence points to α-synuclein as a key pathogenic protein in this disease as well as in dementia with Lewy bodies, making it of leading therapeutic interest. This review discusses the various approaches being investigated and progress made to date toward discovering and developing therapeutics that would slow and stop progression of these disabling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Grosso Jasutkar
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Stephanie E Oh
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - M Maral Mouradian
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Mortezazadeh T, Seyedarabi H, Mahmoudian B, Islamian JP. Imaging modalities in differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: opportunities and challenges. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis is yet largely based on the related clinical aspects. However, genetics, biomarkers, and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated a confirming role in the diagnosis, and future developments might be used in a pre-symptomatic phase of the disease.
Main text
This review provides an update on the current applications of neuroimaging modalities for PD diagnosis. A literature search was performed to find published studies that were involved on the application of different imaging modalities for PD diagnosis. An organized search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was performed based on MeSH keywords and suitable synonyms. Two researchers (TM and JPI) independently and separately performed the literature search. Our search strategy in each database was done by the following terms: ((Parkinson [Title/Abstract]) AND ((“Parkinsonian syndromes ”[Mesh]) OR Parkinsonism [Title/Abstract])) AND ((PET [Title/Abstract]) OR “SPECT”[Mesh]) OR ((Functional imaging, Transcranial sonography [Title/Abstract]) OR “Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ”[Mesh]). Database search had no limitation in time, and our last update of search was in February 2021. To have a comprehensive search and to find possible relevant articles, a manual search was conducted on the reference list of the articles and limited to those published in English.
Conclusion
Early diagnosis of PD could be vital for early management and adequate neuroprotection. Recent neuroimaging modalities such as SPECT and PET imaging using radiolabeled tracers, MRI, and CT are used to discover the disease. By the modalities, it is possible to early diagnose dopaminergic degeneration and also to differentiate PD from others parkinsonian syndromes, to monitor the natural progression of the disease and the effect of neuroprotective treatments on the progression. In this regard, functional imaging techniques have provided critical insights and roles on PD.
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Amato F, Borzì L, Olmo G, Orozco-Arroyave JR. An algorithm for Parkinson's disease speech classification based on isolated words analysis. Health Inf Sci Syst 2021; 9:32. [PMID: 34422258 PMCID: PMC8324609 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-021-00162-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Automatic assessment of speech impairment is a cutting edge topic in Parkinson's disease (PD). Language disorders are known to occur several years earlier than typical motor symptoms, thus speech analysis may contribute to the early diagnosis of the disease. Moreover, the remote monitoring of dysphonia could allow achieving an effective follow-up of PD clinical condition, possibly performed in the home environment. METHODS In this work, we performed a multi-level analysis, progressively combining features extracted from the entire signal, the voiced segments, and the on-set/off-set regions, leading to a total number of 126 features. Furthermore, we compared the performance of early and late feature fusion schemes, aiming to identify the best model configuration and taking advantage of having 25 isolated words pronounced by each subject. We employed data from the PC-GITA database (50 healthy controls and 50 PD patients) for validation and testing. RESULTS We implemented an optimized k-Nearest Neighbours model for the binary classification of PD patients versus healthy controls. We achieved an accuracy of 99.4% in 10-fold cross-validation and 94.3% in testing on the PC-GITA database (average value of male and female subjects). CONCLUSION The promising performance yielded by our model confirms the feasibility of automatic assessment of PD using voice recordings. Moreover, a post-hoc analysis of the most relevant features discloses the option of voice processing using a simple smartphone application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Amato
- Department of Control and Computing Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Borzì
- Department of Control and Computing Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriella Olmo
- Department of Control and Computing Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Turin, Italy
| | - Juan Rafael Orozco-Arroyave
- GITA Lab, Faculty of Engineering, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Pattern Recognition Lab., Friedrich-Alexander-Universit at Erlangen-Nu rnberg, Martenstrasse 3, Erlangen, Germany
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de Rus Jacquet A, Ambaw A, Tambe MA, Ma SY, Timmers M, Grace MH, Wu QL, Simon JE, McCabe GP, Lila MA, Shi R, Rochet JC. Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson's disease models. Food Funct 2021; 12:11987-12007. [PMID: 34751296 PMCID: PMC10822195 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00007a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration and the spreading of aggregated forms of the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (aSyn) throughout the brain. PD patients are currently only treated with symptomatic therapies, and strategies to slow or stop the progressive neurodegeneration underlying the disease's motor and cognitive symptoms are greatly needed. The time between the first neurobiochemical alterations and the initial presentation of symptoms is thought to span several years, and early neuroprotective dietary interventions could delay the disease onset or slow PD progression. In this study, we characterized the neuroprotective effects of isoflavones, a class of dietary polyphenols found in soy products and in the medicinal plant red clover (Trifolium pratense). We found that isoflavone-rich extracts and individual isoflavones rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the shortening of neurites in primary mesencephalic cultures exposed to two PD-related insults, the environmental toxin rotenone and an adenovirus encoding the A53T aSyn mutant. The extracts and individual isoflavones also activated the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in astrocytes via a mechanism involving inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and they alleviated deficits in mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, an isoflavone-enriched soy extract reduced motor dysfunction exhibited by rats lesioned with the PD-related neurotoxin 6-OHDA. These findings suggest that plant-derived isoflavones could serve as dietary supplements to delay PD onset in at-risk individuals and mitigate neurodegeneration in the brains of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie de Rus Jacquet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Abeje Ambaw
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mitali Arun Tambe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Sin Ying Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Michael Timmers
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Qing-Li Wu
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James E Simon
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - George P McCabe
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mary Ann Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Soman SK, Dagda RK. Role of Cleaved PINK1 in Neuronal Development, Synaptogenesis, and Plasticity: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:769331. [PMID: 34795558 PMCID: PMC8593325 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.769331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Consistent with this concept, loss of function mutations in the serine/threonine kinase- PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase-1) causes autosomal recessive early onset PD. While the functional role of f-PINK1 (full-length PINK1) in clearing dysfunctional mitochondria via mitophagy is extensively documented, our understanding of specific physiological roles that the non-mitochondrial pool of PINK1 imparts in neurons is more limited. PINK1 is proteolytically processed in the intermembrane space and matrix of the mitochondria into functional cleaved products (c-PINK1) that are exported to the cytosol. While it is clear that posttranslational processing of PINK1 depends on the mitochondria's oxidative state and structural integrity, the functional roles of c-PINK1 in modulating neuronal functions are poorly understood. Here, we review the diverse roles played by c-PINK1 in modulating various neuronal functions. Specifically, we describe the non-canonical functional roles of PINK1, including but not limited to: governing mitochondrial movement, neuronal development, neuronal survival, and neurogenesis. We have published that c-PINK1 stimulates neuronal plasticity and differentiation via the PINK1-PKA-BDNF signaling cascade. In addition, we provide insight into how mitochondrial membrane potential-dependent processing of PINK1 confers conditional retrograde signaling functions to PINK1. Further studies delineating the role of c-PINK1 in neurons would increase our understanding regarding the role played by PINK1 in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smijin K Soman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ruben K Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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Weis S, Meisner A, Schwiertz A, Unger MM, Becker A, Faßbender K, Schnell S, Schäfer KH, Egert M. Association between Parkinson's disease and the faecal eukaryotic microbiota. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:101. [PMID: 34795317 PMCID: PMC8602383 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease, and is so far not considered curable. PD patients suffer from several motor and non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal dysfunctions and alterations of the enteric nervous system. Constipation and additional intestinal affections can precede the classical motor symptoms by several years. Recently, we reported effects of PD and related medications on the faecal bacterial community of 34 German PD patients and 25 age-matched controls. Here, we used the same collective and analysed the V6 and V7 hypervariable region of PCR-amplified, eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes using an Illumina MiSeq platform. In all, 53% (18) of the PD samples and 72% (18) of the control samples yielded sufficient amplicons for downstream community analyses. The PD samples showed a significantly lower alpha and a different beta eukaryotic diversity than the controls. Most strikingly, we observed a significantly higher relative abundance of sequence affiliated with the Geotrichum genus in the PD samples (39.7%), when compared to the control samples (0.05%). In addition, we observed lower relative abundances of sequences affiliated with Aspergillus/Penicillium, Charophyta/Linum, unidentified Opisthokonta and three genera of minor abundant zooflagellates in the PD samples. Our data add knowledge to the small body of data about the eukaryotic microbiota of PD patients and suggest a potential association of certain gut eukaryotes and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severin Weis
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Meisner
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | | | - Marcus M Unger
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Anouck Becker
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Faßbender
- Department of Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Schnell
- Institute of Applied Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karl-Herbert Schäfer
- Working Group Enteric Nervous System (AGENS), University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Egert
- Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Institute of Precision Medicine, Microbiology and Hygiene Group, Furtwangen University, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.
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De Nuccio F, Cianciulli A, Porro C, Kashyrina M, Ruggiero M, Calvello R, Miraglia A, Nicolardi G, Lofrumento DD, Panaro MA. Inflammatory Response Modulation by Vitamin C in an MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111155. [PMID: 34827148 PMCID: PMC8614932 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin C (Vit C), also called ascorbic acid, is a nutrient present in many foods, particularly citrus fruits and green vegetables. Inadequate dietary Vit C intake causes hypovitaminosis resulting in the risk of developing clinical scurvy, potentially fatal if untreated. Vit C represents one of the safest and most essential nutrients, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect living organisms against oxidative stress; due to this propriety, it is studied for applications in the prevention and management of different pathologies, including neurodegenerative disease. Persistent neuroinflammation is detrimental for the brain and may lead to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease. The role of Vit C in the central nervous system is still debated.This study, utilizing a PD mouse model, has demonstrated that Vit C reduces neuroinflammation by the modulation of microglial responses and astrocyte activation, reducing dopaminergic neuronal cell loss involved in PD insurgence.Furthermore, mouse gait and spontaneous locomotor activity were partially ameliorated. In summary, we have demonstrated that the use of Vit C has neuroprotective effects in the brain, alleviating the inflammatory cascade and reducing the progression of PD. Abstract Vitamin C (Vit C) is anutrient present in many foods, particularly citrus fruits, green vegetables, tomatoes, and potatoes. Vit C is studied for its applications in the prevention and management of different pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a defense mechanism activated by a stimulus or an insult that is aimed at the preservation of the brain by promoting tissue repair and removing cellular debris; however, persistent inflammatory responses are detrimental and may lead to the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease. PD is one of the most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorders, and oxidative stress is one of the most important factors involved in its pathogenesis and progression.Due to this, research on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds is an important target for counteracting neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In the central nervous system, the presence of Vit C in the brain is higher than in other body districts, but why and how this occurs is still unknown. In this research, Vit C, with its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, is studied to better understand its contribution to brain protection; in particular, we have investigated the neuroprotective effects of Vit C in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced animal model of PD and its role in the modulation of neuroinflammation. First, we observed that Vit C significantly decreased the MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neuronal cells in the substantia nigra, as well as microglial cell activation and astrogliosis. Furthermore, gait and spontaneous locomotor activity, evaluated by an automated treadmill and the Open Field test, respectively, were partially ameliorated by Vit C treatment in MPTP-intoxicated animals. In relation to neuroinflammation, results show that Vit C reduced the protein and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TLR4, TNF-α, iNOS, and CD40, while anti-inflammatory proteins such as IL-10, CD163, TGF-β, and IL-4 increased. Interestingly, we show for the first time that Vit C reduces neuroinflammation by modulating microglial polarization and astrocyte activation. Moreover, Vit C was able to reduce NLRP3 activation, which is linked to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including neuroinflammatory disorders. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that Vit C may represent a new promising dietary supplement for the prevention and alleviation of the inflammatory cascade of PD, thus contributing to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Nuccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Marianna Kashyrina
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Melania Ruggiero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Rosa Calvello
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Miraglia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Nicolardi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
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Kazemi A, Mirian MS, Lee S, McKeown MJ. Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Effects on EEG Biomarkers of Motor Vigor in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:759149. [PMID: 34803892 PMCID: PMC8599939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.759149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired motor vigor (MV) is a critical aspect of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathophysiology. While MV is predominantly encoded in the basal ganglia, deriving (cortical) EEG measures of MV may provide valuable targets for modulation via galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS). Objective: To find EEG features predictive of MV and examine the effects of high-frequency GVS. Methods: Data were collected from 20 healthy control (HC) and 18 PD adults performing 30 trials total of a squeeze bulb task with sham or multi-sine (50-100 Hz "GVS1" or 100-150 Hz "GVS2") stimuli. For each trial, we determined the time to reach maximum force after a "Go" signal, defined MV as the inverse of this time, and used the EEG data 1-sec prior to this time for prediction. We utilized 53 standard EEG features, including relative spectral power, harmonic parameters, and amplitude and phase of bispectrum corresponding to standard EEG bands from each of 27 EEG channels. We then used LASSO regression to select a sparse set of features to predict MV. The regression weights were examined, and separate band-specific models were developed by including only band-specific features (Delta, Theta, Alpha-low, Alpha-high, Beta, Gamma). The correlation between MV prediction and measured MV was used to assess model performance. Results: Models utilizing broadband EEG features were capable of accurately predicting MV (controls: 75%, PD: 81% of the variance). In controls, all EEG bands performed roughly equally in predicting MV, while in the PD group, the model using only beta band features did not predict MV well compared to other bands. Despite having minimal effects on the EEG feature values themselves, both GVS stimuli had significant effects on MV and profound effects on MV predictability via the EEG. With the GVS1 stimulus, beta-band activity in PD subjects became more closely associated with MV compared to the sham condition. With GVS2 stimulus, MV could no longer be accurately predicted from the EEG. Conclusions: EEG features can be a proxy for MV. However, GVS stimuli have profound effects on the relationship between EEG and MV, possibly via direct vestibulo-basal ganglia connections not measurable by the EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Kazemi
- Center for Mind and Brain, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maryam S. Mirian
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Soojin Lee
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (FMRIB), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Machado Sotomayor MJ, Arufe-Giráldez V, Ruíz-Rico G, Navarro-Patón R. Music Therapy and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review from 2015-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11618. [PMID: 34770129 PMCID: PMC8582661 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease can be approached from various points of view, one of which is music therapy-a complementary therapy to a pharmacological one. This work aims to compile the scientific evidence published in the last five years (2015-2020) on the effects of music therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. A systematic review has been performed using the Web of Science and Scopus databases with the descriptors "music therapy" and "Parkinson's disease". A total of 281 eligible articles were identified, which, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were reduced to 58 papers. The results display a great diversity of evidence, confirming positive effects on various spheres. All mentioned patients with Parkinson's disease had experienced different music therapy programs. Some studies focused on the motor component, which can be addressed through listening, body rhythm, and rhythmic auditory stimulation. Other studies confirm effects on communication, swallowing, breathing, and the emotional aspect through programs that focus on singing, either individually or in groups, in order to improve the quality of life of people with PD. It was concluded that music therapy programs can achieve improvements in various areas of patients with Parkinson's.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
- Department of Specific Teaching Training and Research and Diagnosis Methods in Education, University of A Coruña, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gerardo Ruíz-Rico
- Department of Education, Educational Sciences Faculty, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Rubén Navarro-Patón
- Department of Applied Learning, Faculty of Teacher Training, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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61
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Xiao G, Zhao M, Liu Z, Du F, Zhou B. Zinc antagonizes iron-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine production in Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Biol 2021; 19:236. [PMID: 34732185 PMCID: PMC8564973 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that plays roles in movement, cognition, attention, and reward responses, and deficient DA signaling is associated with the progression of a number of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease. Due to its critical functions, DA expression levels in the brain are tightly controlled, with one important and rate-limiting step in its biosynthetic pathway being catalyzed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme that uses iron ion (Fe2+) as a cofactor. A role for metal ions has additionally been associated with the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. However, the way dopamine synthesis is regulated in vivo or whether regulation of metal ion levels is a component of DA synthesis is not fully understood. Here, we analyze the role of Catsup, the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian zinc transporter SLC39A7 (ZIP7), in regulating dopamine levels. Results We found that Catsup is a functional zinc transporter that regulates intracellular zinc distribution between the ER/Golgi and the cytosol. Loss-of-function of Catsup leads to increased DA levels, and we showed that the increased dopamine production is due to a reduction in zinc levels in the cytosol. Zinc ion (Zn2+) negatively regulates dopamine synthesis through direct inhibition of TH activity, by antagonizing Fe2+ binding to TH, thus rendering the enzyme ineffective or non-functional. Conclusions Our findings uncovered a previously unknown mechanism underlying the control of cellular dopamine expression, with normal levels of dopamine synthesis being maintained through a balance between Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions. The findings also provide support for metal modulation as a possible therapeutic strategy in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and other dopamine-related diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01168-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiran Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Mengran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Carmona-Almazan A, Dorantes-Mendez G, Rodriguez-Arellano JF, Mejia-Rodriguez AR. Triaxial Accelerometry Wireless System for Characterization of Parkinsonian Tremor. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:7320-7323. [PMID: 34892788 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parkinsonian Tremor (PT) is the most common symptom of Parkinson's disease. Its early detection plays an important role in the diagnosis of the disease as it is often mistaken for another type of tremor, called Essential Tremor (ET). Accelerometry analysis has proven to be a trustworthy method for determining the frequency, amplitude, and occurrence of tremor. In addition, the use of portable and wearable sensors has increased due to the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, allowing data to be collected, processed, stored, and transmitted. In this paper, a wearable system consisting of a digital 3-axis accelerometer ADXL345 and micro-controller unit ESP32 was implemented to transmit accelerometry (ACC) signals from each upper limb simultaneously to a Graphical User Interface (GUI), that was developed in Python as an MQTT client, allowing the user to visualize both real-time and offline signals as well as to add markers to indicate events during the acquisition. Furthermore, this GUI is capable of performing an offline analysis consisting of the computing of Power Spectral Density (PSD) using Welch's method and a Spectrogram to visualize a time-frequency distribution of the ACC signals.
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Luo X, Pulido HVG, Rutkove SB, Sanchez B. A Bioimpedance-Based Device to Assess the Volume Conduction Properties of the Tongue in Neurological Disorders Affecting Bulbar function. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 2:278-285. [PMID: 35402988 PMCID: PMC8940204 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2021.3117871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal: Current instruments for bulbar assessment exhibit technical limitations that hinder the execution of clinical studies. The volume conduction properties (VCP) of the tongue reflect ionic content and myofiber integrity and they can serve as a new biomarker for evaluating neurological disorders with bulbar dysfunction. Methods: We designed a standalone bioimpedance measurement system that enables accurate, multi-frequency measurement of tongue anisotropic VCP including conductivity and relative permittivity. The system includes a tongue depressor with 16 non-invasive surface sensors for electrical contact with the tongue at directions 0[Formula: see text], 45[Formula: see text], 90[Formula: see text] and 150[Formula: see text]. The depressor is interfaced with the tongue electronic system with Bluetooth connectivity, and a smartphone application. De-identified patient data is sent by email. Results: We first determined the accuracy of the hardware performing phantom measurements mimicking a broad range of tongue values and determined the error to be [Formula: see text]1%. We then validated our new technology measuring a cohort of 7 healthy human subjects under Institutional Review Board approval. Conclusions: None of the subjects who participated suffered discomfort or gag reflexes. The novel technique presented for intra-oral assessment of tongue VCP provides standard, objective and quantitative data potentially sensitive to alterations in tongue internal structure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Luo
- Sanchez Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT84112USA
| | | | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Benjamin Sanchez
- Sanchez Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT84112USA
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de Rus Jacquet A, Tancredi JL, Lemire AL, DeSantis MC, Li WP, O'Shea EK. The LRRK2 G2019S mutation alters astrocyte-to-neuron communication via extracellular vesicles and induces neuron atrophy in a human iPSC-derived model of Parkinson's disease. eLife 2021; 10:e73062. [PMID: 34590578 PMCID: PMC8514240 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential cells of the central nervous system, characterized by dynamic relationships with neurons that range from functional metabolic interactions and regulation of neuronal firing activities, to the release of neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors. In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic neurons are progressively lost during the course of the disease, but the effects of PD on astrocytes and astrocyte-to-neuron communication remain largely unknown. This study focuses on the effects of the PD-related mutation LRRK2 G2019S in astrocytes generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells. We report the alteration of extracellular vesicle (EV) biogenesis in astrocytes and identify the abnormal accumulation of key PD-related proteins within multivesicular bodies (MVBs). We found that dopaminergic neurons internalize astrocyte-secreted EVs and that LRRK2 G2019S EVs are abnormally enriched in neurites and fail to provide full neurotrophic support to dopaminergic neurons. Thus, dysfunctional astrocyte-to-neuron communication via altered EV biological properties may participate in the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenna L Tancredi
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Andrew L Lemire
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Michael C DeSantis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Wei-Ping Li
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
| | - Erin K O'Shea
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteAshburnUnited States
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Analysis of Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) and Factors Associated with Their Development in a Parkinson's Disease Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9101263. [PMID: 34682943 PMCID: PMC8535407 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which non-motor symptoms may appear before motor phenomena, which include Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs). The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with the development of ICDs in PD. An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted using clinical records from patients diagnosed with PD, both genders, from 40 to 80 years old. Clinical and demographic data were collected: 181 patients were recruited; 80 of them showed PD and ICDs, and they constituted the study group, whereas 101 patients with PD without ICDs constituted the control reference group. The duration of PD was longer in the group with ICDs (p < 0.008), and all patients showed at least one ICD: binge eating (61.29%), compulsive shopping (48.75%), hypersexuality (23.75%), gambling behavior (8.75%), and punding (3.75%). After logistic regression analysis, only the use of dopamine agonists remained associated with ICDs (p < 0.001), and the tremorgenic form was suggested to be a protective factor (p < 0.001). Positive associations were observed between the rigid-akinetic form and compulsive shopping (p < 0.007), between male and hypersexuality (p < 0.018), and between dopamine agonists and compulsive shopping (p < 0.004), and negative associations were observed between motor fluctuations and compulsive shopping (p < 0.031), between Deep Brain Stimulation and binge eating (p < 0.046), and between levodopa consumption and binge eating (p < 0.045). Binge eating, compulsive shopping, and hypersexuality were the most frequent ICDs. Complex forms and motor complications of PD were associated with the development of ICDs.
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Cai M, Chai S, Xiong T, Wei J, Mao W, Zhu Y, Li X, Wei W, Dai X, Yang B, Liu W, Shu B, Wang M, Lu T, Cai Y, Zheng Z, Mei Z, Zhou Y, Yang J, Zhao J, Shen L, Ho JWK, Chen J, Xiong N. Aberrant Expression of Circulating MicroRNA Leads to the Dysregulation of Alpha-Synuclein and Other Pathogenic Genes in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695007. [PMID: 34497805 PMCID: PMC8419519 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. However, a comprehensive study of the interactions between pathogenic miRNAs and their downstream Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related target genes has not been performed. Here, we identified the miRNA expression profiles in the plasma and circulating exosomes of Parkinson’s disease patients using next-generation RNA sequencing. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses showed that the miRNA target genes were enriched in axon guidance, neurotrophin signaling, cellular senescence, and the Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways. Furthermore, a group of aberrantly expressed miRNAs were selected and further validated in individual patient plasma, human neural stem cells (NSCs) and a rat model of PD. More importantly, the full scope of the regulatory network between these miRNAs and their PD-related gene targets in human neural stem cells was examined, and the findings revealed a similar but still varied downstream regulatory cascade involving many known PD-associated genes. Additionally, miR-23b-3p was identified as a novel direct regulator of alpha-synuclein, which is possibly the key component in PD. Our current study, for the first time, provides a glimpse into the regulatory network of pathogenic miRNAs and their PD-related gene targets in PD. Moreover, these PD-associated miRNAs may serve as biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,iRegene Therapeutics, Wuhan, China
| | - Songshan Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wei
- iRegene Therapeutics, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bangkun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Taojunjin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuankun Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Zheng
- The Second Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhimin Mei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- The Second Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- The Second Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- The Second Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Shen
- The Second Clinical College of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Joshua Wing Kei Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jincao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nanxiang Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Elena P, Demetris S, Christina M, Marios P. Differences Between Exergaming Rehabilitation and Conventional Physiotherapy on Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:683385. [PMID: 34434157 PMCID: PMC8381975 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.683385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition with both motor and non-motor symptoms affecting the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. Exergaming rehabilitation allows the interaction of the subject with digital games through the implementation of repetitive functional activities. Conventional physiotherapy uses patient-centered programs that include a variety of active exercises. The aim of this review was to look into the effectiveness of exergaming rehabilitation on the QoL of people with PD and compare it with conventional physiotherapy. Five electronic databases were searched for eligible studies until February 2021. For the statistical analysis, the mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval were used to calculate effect sizes between groups. To determine heterogeneity, statistical index I 2 was used. A total of 548 participants were included in 14 studies. Exergaming rehabilitation related with improved QoL (p = 0.687, 95% CI: -1.682 to -0.734), balance (p = 0.039, 95% CI: 0.364-13.689), (p = 0.018, 95% CI: 0.446-4.830), and gait (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 0.351-1.924). No significant difference was found between groups regarding the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (p = 0.196, 95% CI: -5.970 to 1.225) and for the Timed Up and Go Test (p = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.446-4.830). Exergames as a rehabilitation method can be used to provide alternative interactive intervention with positive results for QoL in people with PD. Further investigation is needed to assess the effect on mental health in this population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papamichael Elena
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Solou Demetris
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Michailidou Christina
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Unveiling the cryo-EM structure of retromer. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2261-2272. [PMID: 33125482 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retromer (VPS26/VPS35/VPS29) is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein complex that localizes to endosomes to sort transmembrane protein cargoes into vesicles and elongated tubules. Retromer mediates retrieval pathways from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network in all eukaryotes and further facilitates recycling pathways to the plasma membrane in metazoans. In cells, retromer engages multiple partners to orchestrate the formation of tubulovesicular structures, including sorting nexin (SNX) proteins, cargo adaptors, GTPases, regulators, and actin remodeling proteins. Retromer-mediated pathways are especially important for sorting cargoes required for neuronal maintenance, which links retromer loss or mutations to multiple human brain diseases and disorders. Structural and biochemical studies have long contributed to the understanding of retromer biology, but recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography have further uncovered exciting new snapshots of reconstituted retromer structures. These new structures reveal retromer assembles into an arch-shaped scaffold and suggest the scaffold may be flexible and adaptable in cells. Interactions with cargo adaptors, particularly SNXs, likely orient the scaffold with respect to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P)-enriched membranes. Pharmacological small molecule chaperones have further been shown to stabilize retromer in cultured cell and mouse models, but mechanisms by which these molecules bind remain unknown. This review will emphasize recent structural and biophysical advances in understanding retromer structure as the field moves towards a molecular view of retromer assembly and regulation on membranes.
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Omoruyi SI, Ibrakaw AS, Ekpo OE, Boatwright JS, Cupido CN, Hussein AA. Neuroprotective Activities of Crossyne flava Bulbs and Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133990. [PMID: 34208814 PMCID: PMC8272225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and affects approximately 6.3 million people worldwide. To date, the treatment of PD remains a challenge, as available treatment options are known to be associated with serious side effects; hence, the search for new treatment strategies is critical. Extracts from the Amaryllidaceae plant family as well as their alkaloids have been reported to have neuroprotective potentials. This study, therefore, investigated the biological activities of Crossyne flava and its isolated alkaloids in an in vitro MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) PD model using SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of the total extract as well as the four compounds isolated from Crossyne flava (i.e., pancratinine B (1), bufanidrine (2), buphanisine (3), and epibuphanisine (4)) were evaluated for cell viability, neuroprotection, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenosine triphosphate activity (ATP), and caspase 3/7 activity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results obtained showed that pre-treatment with both the extract and the isolated compounds was effective in protecting the SH-SY5Y cells from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited ROS generation, ATP depletion as well as apoptosis induction in the SH-SY5Y cells. The results of this study show that the Amaryllidaceae plant family may be a source of novel compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which validates the reported traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester I. Omoruyi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Abobaker S. Ibrakaw
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - James S. Boatwright
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Christopher N. Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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Bullock-Saxton J, Lehn A, Laakso EL. Exploring the Effect of Combined Transcranial and Intra-Oral Photobiomodulation Therapy Over a Four-Week Period on Physical and Cognitive Outcome Measures for People with Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1499-1512. [PMID: 34092640 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease degeneration by photobiomodulation has been reported in animal models but no true placebo-controlled human studies have been published. OBJECTIVE To understand if photobiomodulation therapy can produce clinically significant differences in physical performance measures in people with Parkinson's disease; and what frequency of treatment is necessary to initiate clinical change. METHODS In a participant and assessor-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study, 22 participants received either sham and/or active laser photobiomodulation (904 nm, 60 mW/diode, 50 Hz) for 33 s to each of 21 points at the cranium and intra-orally, on one, two or three times/week for 4 weeks. Two treatment phases were separated by a 4-week wash-out (Phase 2). Upper and lower limb physical outcome measures were assessed before and after each treatment phase. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was evaluated prior to treatment Phase 1, and at the end of treatment Phase 3. RESULTS Montreal Cognitive Assessment remained stable between start and end of study. No measures demonstrated statistically significant changes. With regular treatment, the spiral (writing) test and the dynamic step test were most sensitive to change in a positive direction; and the 9-hole peg test demonstrated a minimum clinically important difference worthy of further investigation in a larger, adequately powered clinical trial. A placebo effect was noted. CONCLUSION The results support the notion that combined transcranial and intra-oral photobiomodulation therapy needs to be applied at least 2 to 3 times per week for at least four weeks before some improvement in outcome measures becomes evident. Longer courses of treatment may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Lehn
- Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,The University of Queensland Princess Alexandra Hospital Clinical School, Queensland, Australia
| | - E-Liisa Laakso
- Mater Research Institute, Brisbane and Menzies Health Institute, Queensland, Australia
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Reina M, Celaya CA, Muñiz J. C
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and C
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E (E=N and B) Fullerenes as Potential Nanovehicles for Neuroprotective Drugs: A Comparative DFT Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Reina
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S.N. Ciudad Universitaria, P.O. Box 70–360 Coyoacán C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Christian A. Celaya
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito Exterior S.N. Ciudad Universitaria, P.O. Box 70–360 Coyoacán C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México México
- Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Piv. Xochicalcos/n. Col. Centro Temixco, C.P. 62580 Morelos, México
| | - Jesús Muñiz
- Instituto de Energías Renovables Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Piv. Xochicalcos/n. Col. Centro Temixco, C.P. 62580 Morelos, México
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Rajput SA, Wang XQ, Yan HC. Morin hydrate: A comprehensive review on novel natural dietary bioactive compound with versatile biological and pharmacological potential. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111511. [PMID: 33744757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are natural plant-derived dietary bioactive compounds having a substantial impact on human health. Morin hydrate is a bioflavonoid mainly obtained from fruits, stem, and leaves of Moraceae family members' plants. Plenty of evidences supported that morin hydrate exerts its beneficial effects against various chronic and life-threatening degenerative diseases. Our current article discloses the recent advances that have been studied to explore the biological/pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms to better understand the beneficial and multiple health benefits of morin hydrate. Indeed, Morin hydrate exerts free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-microbial, antidiabetic, anti-arthritis, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Moreover, morin hydrate exhibits its pharmacological activities by modulating various cellular signaling pathways such as Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-қB), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinases/ Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAKs/STATs), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1/Nuclear erythroid-2-related factor (Keap1/Nrf2), Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, Wnt/β-catenin, and Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Most importantly, morin hydrate has the potential to modulate a variety of biological networks. Therefore, it can be predicted that this therapeutically potent compound could serve as a dietary agent for the expansion of human health and might be helpful for the development of the novel drug in the future. However, due to the lack of clinical trials, special human clinical trials are needed to address the effects of morin hydrate on various life-threatening disparities to recommend morin and/or morin-rich foods with other foods or bioactive dietary components, as well as dose-response interaction and safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali Rajput
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Holbrook JA, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Caseley E, Lara-Reyna S, Poulter JA, Williams-Gray CH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:643254. [PMID: 33776778 PMCID: PMC7987926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.643254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disease has increased significantly in recent years, and with a rapidly aging global population, this trend is expected to continue. These diseases are characterised by a progressive neuronal loss in the brain or peripheral nervous system, and generally involve protein aggregation, as well as metabolic abnormalities and immune dysregulation. Although the vast majority of neurodegeneration is idiopathic, there are many known genetic and environmental triggers. In the past decade, research exploring low-grade systemic inflammation and its impact on the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease has increased. A particular research focus has been whether systemic inflammation arises only as a secondary effect of disease or is also a cause of pathology. The inflammasomes, and more specifically the NLRP3 inflammasome, a crucial component of the innate immune system, is usually activated in response to infection or tissue damage. Dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the progression of several neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases. This review aims to summarise current literature on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and recent work investigating NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition as a potential future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Holbrook
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Heledd H. Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Caseley
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Poulter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline H. Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Centre for Cystic Fibrosis, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Navaratnarajah T, Anand R, Reichert AS, Distelmaier F. The relevance of mitochondrial morphology for human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105951. [PMID: 33610749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which undergo frequent structural and metabolic changes to fulfil cellular demands. To facilitate these processes several proteins are required to regulate mitochondrial shape and interorganellar communication. These proteins include the classical mitochondrial fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) and fission proteins (DRP1, MFF, FIS1, etc.) as well as several other proteins that are directly or indirectly involved in these processes (e.g. YME1L, OMA1, INF2, GDAP1, MIC13, etc.). During the last two decades, inherited genetic defects in mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins have emerged as an important class of neurodegenerative human diseases with variable onset ranging from infancy to adulthood. So far, no causal treatment strategies are available for these disorders. In this review, we provide an overview about the current knowledge on mitochondrial dynamics under physiological conditions. Moreover, we describe human diseases, which are associated with genetic defects in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University-Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University-Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Long term mortality of patients with Parkinson's disease treated with deep brain stimulation in a reference center. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 202:106486. [PMID: 33493881 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, with a higher risk of death than general population. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat PD for more than 2 decades, but few studies exist concerning mortality in this subset of patients. Our goal is to analyse mortality in PD patients treated with DBS in our centre. METHODS retrospective evaluation of clinical files of patients with PD who underwent DBS surgery consecutively between October 2002 and May 2019. RESULTS 346 patients were included in the analysis, 60 % male, with a mean age at disease onset of 48± 8 years (18-64), mean age at surgery of 60 ± 7 years (33-75), and mean disease duration until surgery of 14 ± 6 years (3-52). Mean follow-up after surgery was 7 ± 4 years (range 1-17). Overall mortality rate was 17.9 % and mean age at time of death was 71 ± 6 years. The main causes of death were pneumonia, dementia and acute myocardial infarction. In our series, male gender and disease duration until surgery were the only predictors of mortality in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Our study showed a long-term survival higher than previously described, and suggests that the treatment of patients with shorter disease evolution might have a survival benefit. The leading causes of death in PD patients treated with DBS seems unrelated to surgery, as the main causes of death are comparable to non-DBS patients.
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Aslam M, Kandasamy N, Ullah A, Paramasivam N, Öztürk MA, Naureen S, Arshad A, Badshah M, Khan K, Wajid M, Abbasi R, Ilyas M, Eils R, Schlesner M, Wade RC, Ahmad N, von Engelhardt J. Putative second hit rare genetic variants in families with seemingly GBA-associated Parkinson's disease. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:2. [PMID: 33402667 PMCID: PMC7785741 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-020-00163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare variants in the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA1) are common genetic risk factors for alpha synucleinopathy, which often manifests clinically as GBA-associated Parkinson's disease (GBA-PD). Clinically, GBA-PD closely mimics idiopathic PD, but it may present at a younger age and often aggregates in families. Most carriers of GBA variants are, however, asymptomatic. Moreover, symptomatic PD patients without GBA variant have been reported in families with seemingly GBA-PD. These observations obscure the link between GBA variants and PD pathogenesis and point towards a role for unidentified additional genetic and/or environmental risk factors or second hits in GBA-PD. In this study, we explored whether rare genetic variants may be additional risk factors for PD in two families segregating the PD-associated GBA1 variants c.115+1G>A (ClinVar ID: 93445) and p.L444P (ClinVar ID: 4288). Our analysis identified rare genetic variants of the HSP70 co-chaperone DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6 (DNAJB6) and lysosomal protein prosaposin (PSAP) as additional factors possibly influencing PD risk in the two families. In comparison to the wild-type proteins, variant DNAJB6 and PSAP proteins show altered functions in the context of cellular alpha-synuclein homeostasis when expressed in reporter cells. Furthermore, the segregation pattern of the rare variants in the genes encoding DNAJB6 and PSAP indicated a possible association with PD in the respective families. The occurrence of second hits or additional PD cosegregating rare variants has important implications for genetic counseling in PD families with GBA1 variant carriers and for the selection of PD patients for GBA targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Nirosiya Kandasamy
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anwar Ullah
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nagarajan Paramasivam
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology (DKFZ-HIPO), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Öztürk
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
- The Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Saima Naureen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Zoology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abida Arshad
- Department of Zoology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Badshah
- Department of Neurology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kafaitullah Khan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Rashda Abbasi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, 23460, Pakistan
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Health Data Science Unit, Bioquant, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies (HITS), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jakob von Engelhardt
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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Meléndez-Flores JD, Estrada-Bellmann I. Linking chronic kidney disease and Parkinson's disease: a literature review. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1-12. [PMID: 32990929 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been typically implicated in cardiovascular risk, considering the function the kidney has related to blood pressure, vitamin D, red blood cell metabolism, and electrolyte and acid-base regulation. However, neurological consequences are also attributed to this disease. Among these, recent large epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in patients with CKD. Multiple studies have evaluated individually the association of blood pressure, vitamin D, and red blood cell dysmetabolism with PD, however, no study has reviewed the potential mechanisms related to these components in context of CKD and PD. In this review, we explored the association of CKD and PD and linked the components of the former to propose potential pathways explaining a future increased risk for PD, where renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and inflammation have a main role. Potential preventive and therapeutic interventions based on these associations are also explored. More preclinical studies are needed to confirm the potential link of CKD conditions and future PD risk, whereas more interventional studies targeting this association are warranted to confirm their potential benefit in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús D Meléndez-Flores
- Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64700, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ingrid Estrada-Bellmann
- Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, 64700, Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Neurology Division, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Espinoza-Valdés Y, Córdova-Arellano R, Espinoza-Espinoza M, Méndez-Alfaro D, Bustamante-Aguirre JP, Maureira-Pareja HA, Zamunér AR. Association between Cardiac Autonomic Control and Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:E249. [PMID: 33396272 PMCID: PMC7796175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects postural and cardiac autonomic control. However, since it is unknown whether these changes are associated, the objective of this study was to determine whether such a relationship exists. Twenty-three patients with PD participated. The RR intervals were recorded in different positions and heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed. Postural sway was analyzed based on the center of pressure. No significant differences on HRV indices were induced by postural change. A correlation was found between these indices and postural control, high frequency (HF), and anterior-posterior (AP) root mean square (RMS-AP) (r = 0.422, p = 0.045), low frequency (LF)/HF, and AP mean velocity (r = 0.478, p = 0.021). A correlation was found between HRV induced by postural change and postural control, Δ LF/HF and RMS-AP (r = 0.448, p = 0.032), Δ LF/HF and ellipse area (r = 0.505, p = 0.014), Δ LF/HF and AP mean velocity (r = -0.531; p = 0.009), and Δ LF and AP mean velocity (r = -0.424, p = 0.044). There is an association between the autonomic and postural systems, such that PD patients with blunted cardiac autonomic function in both the supine and orthostatic positions have worse postural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Espinoza-Valdés
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica en Kinesiología, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile; (Y.E.-V.); (R.C.-A.); (M.E.-E.); (D.M.-A.); (J.P.B.-A.)
| | - Rocio Córdova-Arellano
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica en Kinesiología, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile; (Y.E.-V.); (R.C.-A.); (M.E.-E.); (D.M.-A.); (J.P.B.-A.)
| | - Maiter Espinoza-Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica en Kinesiología, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile; (Y.E.-V.); (R.C.-A.); (M.E.-E.); (D.M.-A.); (J.P.B.-A.)
| | - Diego Méndez-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica en Kinesiología, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile; (Y.E.-V.); (R.C.-A.); (M.E.-E.); (D.M.-A.); (J.P.B.-A.)
| | - Juan Pablo Bustamante-Aguirre
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica en Kinesiología, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile; (Y.E.-V.); (R.C.-A.); (M.E.-E.); (D.M.-A.); (J.P.B.-A.)
| | - Hernán Antonio Maureira-Pareja
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Análisis de Movimiento Humano, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile;
| | - Antonio Roberto Zamunér
- Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica en Kinesiología, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile; (Y.E.-V.); (R.C.-A.); (M.E.-E.); (D.M.-A.); (J.P.B.-A.)
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Shi Z, Bamford IJ, McKinley JW, Devi SPS, Vahedipour A, Bamford NS. Propranolol Relieves L-Dopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinsonian Mice. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120903. [PMID: 33255421 PMCID: PMC7760026 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinsonism is caused by dopamine (DA) insufficiency and results in a hypokinetic movement disorder. Treatment with L-Dopa can restore DA availability and improve motor function, but patients can develop L-Dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a secondary hyperkinetic movement disorder. The mechanism underlying LID remains unknown, and new treatments are needed. Experiments in mice have shown that DA deficiency promotes an imbalance between striatal acetylcholine (ACh) and DA that contributes to motor dysfunction. While treatment with L-Dopa improves DA availability, it promotes a paradoxical rise in striatal ACh and a further increase in the ACh to DA ratio may promote LID. METHODS We used conditional Slc6a3DTR/+ mice to model progressive DA deficiency and the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonist propranolol to limit the activity of striatal cholinergic interneurons (ChIs). DA-deficient mice were treated with L-Dopa and the dopa decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide. LID and motor performance were assessed by rotarod, balance beam, and open field testing. Electrophysiological experiments characterized the effects of β-AR ligands on striatal ChIs. RESULTS LID was observed in a subset of DA-deficient mice. Treatment with propranolol relieved LID and motor hyperactivity. Electrophysiological experiments showed that β-ARs can effectively modulate ChI firing. CONCLUSIONS The work suggests that pharmacological modulation of ChIs by β-ARs might provide a therapeutic option for managing LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Ian J. Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Jonathan W. McKinley
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Suma Priya Sudarsana Devi
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Annie Vahedipour
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Nigel S. Bamford
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (Z.S.); (I.J.B.); (J.W.M.); (S.P.S.D.); (A.V.)
- Departments of Neurology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-785-5708
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Tang J, Xu Y, Liu C, Fang Y, Cao S, Zhao C, Huang H, Zou M, Chen Z. PET imaging with [ 18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in 6-OHDA-induced partial and full unilaterally-lesioned model rats of Parkinson's disease and the correlations to the biological data. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 90-91:1-9. [PMID: 32861175 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The deficit of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway is one of the pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). The decline of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) has been verified to relate with the severity of PD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of [18F]fluoropropyl-(+)-dihydrotetrabenazine ([18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ) to detect dopaminergic neuron dysfunction in a standard rat model of PD using PET imaging. Specifically, two different doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were injected unilaterally into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) to create the models with two different severities. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intracranially injected with 8 μg 6-OHDA (partial lesion group), 16 μg 6-OHDA (full lesion group) and vehicle (sham group) into MFB, respectively. Thirty minutes static [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ microPET scanning was performed to determine the dopaminergic neuron integrity on the 28th day post-injection and the behavioral tests were carried out in the next two days. Then, the rats were decapitated, and the brains were collected for biogenic amines content analysis or dissected for autoradiography and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The correlations of PET results to the behavioral, biological, histological, autoradiography results were analyzed, respectively. RESULTS The standardized uptake value ratio (ST to CB) of [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ in the ipsilateral striata decreased significantly in partial lesion group and full lesion group. Compared with the sham group, the ratio of the standardized uptake value in ipsilateral striatum to that in contralateral striatum decreased by 57.09 ± 2.30% (full lesion group) and 25.31 ± 5.70% (partial lesion group), respectively. The dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction was corroborated by in vitro autoradiography, IHC, and quantitative analysis of DA as well as its metabolites concentration tests. The motor function impairments of 6-OHDA-treated animals were manifested by a series of behavioral tests. The results of microPET imaging were linearly correlated with behavioral, biological, histological, and autoradiography results, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that [18F]FP-(+)-DTBZ may be useful for detecting different degrees of dopaminergic neuronal lesions by PET imaging in PD models induced by 6-OHDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yingjiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Yi Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | | | - Chao Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Meifen Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
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Ramli NZ, Yahaya MF, Tooyama I, Damanhuri HA. A Mechanistic Evaluation of Antioxidant Nutraceuticals on Their Potential against Age-Associated Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1019. [PMID: 33092139 PMCID: PMC7588884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals have been extensively studied worldwide due to its neuroprotective effects in in vivo and in vitro studies, attributed by the antioxidative properties. Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are the two main neurodegenerative disorders that are discussed in this review. Both AD and PD share the similar involvement of oxidative stress in their pathophysiology. Nutraceuticals exert their antioxidative effects via direct scavenging of free radicals, prevent damage to biomolecules, indirectly stimulate the endogenous antioxidative enzymes and gene expressions, inhibit activation of pro-oxidant enzymes, and chelate metals. In addition, nutraceuticals can act as modulators of pro-survival, pro-apoptotic, and inflammatory signaling pathways. They have been shown to be effective particularly in preclinical stages, due to their multiple mechanisms of action in attenuating oxidative stress underlying AD and PD. Natural antioxidants from food sources and natural products such as resveratrol, curcumin, green tea polyphenols, and vitamin E are promising therapeutic agents in oxidative stress-mediated neurodegenerative disease as they have fewer adverse effects, more tolerable, cheaper, and sustainable for long term consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Zuliani Ramli
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Fairuz Yahaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Centre, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan;
| | - Hanafi Ahmad Damanhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
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82
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Bono K, Hara-Miyauchi C, Sumi S, Oka H, Iguchi Y, Okano HJ. Endosomal dysfunction in iPSC-derived neural cells from Parkinson's disease patients with VPS35 D620N. Mol Brain 2020; 13:137. [PMID: 33032646 PMCID: PMC7542911 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35) gene have been linked to familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), PARK17. VPS35 is a key component of the retromer complex, which plays a central role in endosomal trafficking. However, whether and how VPS35 deficiency or mutation contributes to PD pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we analyzed human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons from PD patients with the VPS35 D620N mutation and addressed relevant disease mechanisms. In the disease group, dopaminergic (DA) neurons underwent extensive apoptotic cell death. The movement of Rab5a- or Rab7a-positive endosomes was slower, and the endosome fission and fusion frequencies were lower in the PD group than in the healthy control group. Interestingly, vesicles positive for cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor transported by retromers were abnormally localized in glial cells derived from patient iPSCs. Furthermore, we found α-synuclein accumulation in TH positive DA neurons. Our results demonstrate the induction of cell death, endosomal dysfunction and α -synuclein accumulation in neural cells of the PD group. PARK17 patient-derived iPSCs provide an excellent experimental tool for understanding the pathophysiology underlying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Bono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.,Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Chikako Hara-Miyauchi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sumi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Oka
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Daisan Hospital, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 4-11-1 Izumihoncho, Komae-shi, Tokyo, 201-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Iguchi
- Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirotaka James Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
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83
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Silva J, Alves C, Pinteus S, Mendes S, Pedrosa R. Seaweeds' neuroprotective potential set in vitro on a human cellular stress model. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 473:229-238. [PMID: 32656679 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, represent a biggest challenge for medicine, imposing high social and economic impacts. As a result, it is of utmost importance to develop new therapeutic strategies. The present work evaluated the neuroprotective potential of seaweeds extracts on an in vitro dopamine (DA)-induced neurotoxicity cellular model. The neuroprotective effects on SH-SY5Y cells' viability were estimated by the MTT assay. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase-3 activity, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production were determined. DA (30-3000 µM; 24 h) treatment decreased SH-SY5Y cells' viability in concentration and time-dependent manner, increasing the H2O2 production, MMP depolarization, and caspase-3 activity. On the other hand, DA (1000 µM; 24 h) toxicity was reduced (10-15%) with Sargassum muticum and Codium tomentosum extracts (1000 µg/mL; 24 h). The highest neuroprotective activity was exhibited by a methanolic extract obtained from Saccorhiza polyschides, which completely blunted DA effects. Results show that the marine seaweed S. polyschides contain substances with high neuroprotective potential against the toxicity induced by DA, exhibiting anti-apoptotic effects associated with both mitochondrial protection and caspase-3 inhibition. S. polyschides reveals, therefore, to be an excellent source of bioactive molecules, for new drugs development aiming PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susana Mendes
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630, Peniche, Portugal
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84
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Shu Y, Qian J, Wang C. Aberrant expression of microRNA-132-3p and microRNA-146a-5p in Parkinson's disease patients. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:647-653. [PMID: 33817253 PMCID: PMC7747498 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder which is assessed based on the motor symptoms. A number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated and involved in the pathogenesis or development of PD. However, no confirmed markers are used for the early detection of PD. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential two miRNAs (miR-132-3p and miR-146-5p) as novel markers for early PD diagnosis. In the present study, the expression levels of miR-132-3p and miR-146-5p in serum samples from 82 patients with PD and 44 healthy volunteers were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the correlation analysis was performed between aberrant miRNAs and Braak staging, Part V of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-V; the modified Hoehn and Yahr staging of PD) and Part III of the UPDRS-III. Subsequently, the receiver–operating characteristic (ROC) curve results of miR-132-3p and miR-146-5p from healthy volunteers for PD prediction and from severe PD patients were assessed. From the results it was observed that miR-132-3p and miR-146a-5p expressions were significantly decreased in the serum samples of patients with PD compared to those in the healthy volunteers. Moreover, the expressions of miR-132-3p and miR-146a-5p showed a dramatic decrease in severe PD patients as compared to the normal PD patients. Meanwhile, miR-132-3p and miR-146-5p expressions were negatively correlated with Braak staging (r = −0.45, P < 0.0001; r = −0.51, P < 0.0001), UPDRS-III (r = −0.55, P < 0.0001; r = −0.51, P < 0.0001) and UPDRS-V scores (r = − 0.46, P < 0.0001; r = −0.45, P < 0.0001) in PD patients. The area under the curve (AUC) results of miR-132-3p and miR-146a-5p in discriminating PD patients from the healthy controls were 0.7325 (95% CI = 0.6400–0.8251) and 0.7295 (95% CI = 0.3658–0.8232). Moreover, the AUC results of miR-132-3p and miR-146-5p concerning discriminating severe PD patients from normal PD patients were 0.8175 (95% CI = 0.7229–0.9121) and 0.7921 (95% CI = 0.6937–0.8905). In other words, both miR-132-3p and miR-146a-5p may function as promising biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shu
- Neurology Department, The Fourth Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinjun Qian
- Neurology Department, The Fourth Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
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85
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Aktar B, Balci B, Donmez Colakoglu B. Physical activity in patients with Parkinson's disease: A holistic approach based on the ICF model. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 198:106132. [PMID: 32781376 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a framework providing information on disability and health. Physical activity's behavior is complex and affected by various factors. We aimed to examine the ICF domains in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients; to compare them in sedentary and non-sedentary PD patients and their association with activity level. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty PD patients (25 sedentary PD group, 35 non-sedentary PD group) were included in this retrospective study. Functional disability was evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. The physical activity level was measured by the SenseWear Arm Band activity monitor. Patients' cognitive function, severity of depression and anxiety, the functional impact of fatigue, balance performance (NeuroCom Balance Master System), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go Test, TUG), walking capacity (Six-Minute Walk Test, 6MWT), fear of falling, health-related quality of life are also analyzed. RESULTS Sedentary PD patients had worse scores in NeuroCom Balance Master System parameters, TUG score, and 6MWT distance in activities domains of the ICF model as a guide than non-sedentary group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the body structures and function, participation, personal and environmental domains of the ICF model between sedentary and non-sedentary PD groups (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between steps taken per day and NeuroCom Balance Master System parameters, TUG score, and 6MWT distance in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Patients with sedentary lifestyle had worse scores in postural control/balance, sit-to-stand and walking performance. However, deteriorated dynamic balance may not lead to sedentary lifestyle. Physiotherapy programs should be including the behavior change interventions and motivational strategies to promote activity level in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Aktar
- Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Birgul Balci
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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86
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Aye YM, Liew GM, Ng SY, Wen MC, Lim LL, Chua ST, Chotphoksap U, Chao Y, Ng AS, Tan EK, Tan LCS, Xu Z. Mild Parkinsonian Signs in a Community Ambulant Population. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:1231-1237. [DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Minn Aye
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Gerald M. Liew
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Samuel Y.E. Ng
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Ming-Ching Wen
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Linda L.H. Lim
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Shu-Ting Chua
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Yinxia Chao
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Adeline S.Y. Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Louis Chew Seng Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Centre, Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
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87
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Evaluation of the neuroprotective potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173342. [PMID: 32634439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, and oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a major role in the pathogenesis of PD. Since conventional therapeutics are not sufficient for the treatment of PD, the development of new agents with anti-oxidant potential is crucial. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE), a biologically active flavonoid of propolis, possesses several biological properties such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of CAPE against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y cells. The neuroprotective effects were detected by using cell viability, Annexin V, Hoechst staining, total caspase activity, cell cycle, as well as western blotting. Besides, the anti-oxidative activity was measured by the production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial function was determined by measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). We found that CAPE significantly increased cell viability and decreased apoptotic cell death (~20%) after 150 μM 6-OHDA exposure following 24 h. 1.25 μM CAPE also prevented 6-OHDA-induced changes in condensed nuclear morphology. Furthermore, treatment with 1.25 μM CAPE increased mitochondrial membrane potential in 6-OHDA-exposed cells. CAPE inhibited 6-OHDA-induced caspase activity (~2 fold) and production of reactive oxygen species. In addition, 150 μM 6-OHDA-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Akt levels and up-regulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-9/caspase-9 levels were partially restored by 1.25 μM CAPE treatment. These results revealed a neuroprotective potential of CAPE against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in an in vitro PD model and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease.
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88
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Singh T, Yadav S. Role of microRNAs in neurodegeneration induced by environmental neurotoxicants and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101068. [PMID: 32283224 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progressive loss of neuronal structure and functions resulting in the death of neurons is considered as neurodegeneration. Environmental toxicants induced degeneration of neurons is accelerated with aging. In adult brains, most of the neurons are post-mitotic, and their loss results in the development of diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Neurodegenerative diseases have several similarities at the sub-cellular and molecular levels, such as synaptic degeneration, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive decline, which are also known in brain aging. Identification of these similarities at the molecular level offers hope for the development of new therapeutics to ameliorate all neurodegenerative diseases simultaneously. Aging is known as the most strongly associated additive factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies carried out so far identified several genes, which are responsible for selective degeneration of neurons in different neurodegenerative diseases. Countless efforts have been made in identifying therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases; however, the discovery of effective therapy remains elusive. Findings made in the last two decades identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as the most potent post-transcription regulatory RNA molecule, which can condition protein levels in the cell and tissue-specific manner. Identification of miRNAs, which regulate both neurotoxicant and aging-associated degeneration of brain cells, raises the possibility that roads leading to aging and neurotoxicant induced neurodegeneration cross at some point. Identification of miRNAs, which are common to aging and neurotoxicant induced neurodegeneration, will help in understanding the complex mechanism of neurodegenerative disease development. In the future, the use of natural miRNAs in vivo in therapy will be able to tackle several issues of aging and neurodegeneration. In the present review, we have provided a summary of findings made on the role of miRNAs in neurodegeneration and explored the common link made by miRNAs between aging and neurotoxicants induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisha Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan,31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-15213, USA.
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan,31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raebareli, Munsiganj, Raebareli 229405, UP, India.
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89
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Song IY, Snyder AM, Kim Y, Neely EB, Wade QW, Connor JR. The Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism associated with HFE genotype limits vulnerability to oxidative stress-induced toxicity. Toxicology 2020; 441:152525. [PMID: 32540480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in gene and environment interactions in neurodegenerative diseases. The HFE (homeostatic iron regulator) gene variant (H63D) is highly prevalent in the population and has been investigated as a disease modifier in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. We have developed a mouse model to interrogate the impact of this gene variant in a model of paraquat toxicity. Using primary astrocytes, we found that the H67D-Hfe(equivalent of the human H63D variant) astrocytes are less vulnerable than the WT-Hfe astrocytes to paraquat-induced cell death, mitochondrial damage, and cellular senescence. We hypothesized that the Hfe variant-associated protection is a result of the activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant defense system and found a significant increase in Nrf2 levels after paraquat exposure in the H67D-Hfe astrocytes than the WT-Hfe astrocytes. Moreover, decreasing Nrf2 by molecular or pharmaceutical manipulation resulted in increased vulnerability to paraquat in the H67D-Hfe astrocytes. To further elucidate the role of Hfe variant genotype in neuroprotection mediated by astrocytes, we added media from the paraquat-treated astrocytes to differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and found a significantly larger reduction in the viability when treated with WT-Hfe astrocyte media than the H67D-Hfe astrocyte media possibly due to higher secretion of IL-6 observed in the WT-Hfe astrocytes. To further explore the mechanism of Nrf2 protection, we measured NQO1, the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant, in primary astrocytes and found a significantly higher NQO1 level in the H67D-Hfe astrocytes. To consider the translational potential of our findings, we utilized the PPMI (Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative) clinical database and found that, consistent with the mouse study, H63D-HFE carriers had a significantly higher NQO1 level in the CSF than the WT-HFE carriers. Consistent with our previous reports on H63D-HFE in disease, these data further suggest that HFE genotype in the human population impacts the antioxidant defense system and can therefore alter pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insung Y Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States.
| | - Amanda M Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Yunsung Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Neely
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - Quinn W Wade
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, M.S. Hershey Penn State University College of Medicine, M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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90
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Váradi C. Clinical Features of Parkinson's Disease: The Evolution of Critical Symptoms. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9050103. [PMID: 32438686 PMCID: PMC7285080 DOI: 10.3390/biology9050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multi-attribute neurodegenerative disorder combining motor and nonmotor symptoms without well-defined diagnostic clinical markers. The presence of primary motor features (bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity and loss of postural reflexes) are the most characteristic signs of PD that are also utilized to identify patients in current clinical practice. The successful implementation of levodopa treatment revealed that nonmotor features are the main contributors of patient disability in PD, and their occurrence might be earlier than motor symptoms during disease progression. Targeted detection of prodromal PD symptoms can open up new possibilities in the identification of PD patients and provide potential patient populations for developing novel neuroprotective therapies. In this review, the evolution of critical features in PD diagnosis is described with special attention to nonmotor symptoms and their possible detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Váradi
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
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91
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Barbagallo C, Mostile G, Baglieri G, Giunta F, Luca A, Raciti L, Zappia M, Purrello M, Ragusa M, Nicoletti A. Specific Signatures of Serum miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers to Discriminate Clinically Similar Neurodegenerative and Vascular-Related Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:531-546. [PMID: 31691877 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are age-dependent; among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most frequent. Similarly, cerebrovascular damage can induce the development of vascular-related disorders that share common features with AD and PD, respectively, named vascular dementia (VD) and vascular parkinsonism (VP). To date, ND diagnosis is mainly clinical; therefore, since these disorders show similar symptoms, their correct discrimination may be difficult. We detected 23 ND-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) by literature mining and investigated their serum expression in a cohort of 139 patients including AD, PD, VD, and VP patients and healthy controls. TaqMan RT-PCR data showed that miR-23a upregulation was associated with an ongoing neurodegenerative process, similar to miR-22* and miR-29a, while let-7d, miR-15b, miR-24, miR-142-3p, miR-181c, and miR-222 showed an altered expression in Parkinson-like phenotypes, as well as miR-34b, miR-125b, and miR-130b in Alzheimer-like disorders. By computing logistic regression models and ROC curves, we identified signatures of neuro-miRNAs specific for each disease, showing good diagnostic performance. Interestingly, we found that miR-23a, miR-29a, miR-34b, and miR-125b exhibited a different distribution between exosomes and vesicle-free serum, suggesting a heterogeneity of secretion for these miRNAs. Our results suggest that miRNA signatures could discriminate in a non-invasive manner neurodegenerative disorders, thus improving clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mostile
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Gloriangela Baglieri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Flavia Giunta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonina Luca
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Raciti
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 87, 95123, Catania, Italy.
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, 94018, Troina, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, via Santa Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
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92
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O'Malley N, Clifford AM, Comber L, Coote S. Effectiveness of non-pharmacological falls prevention interventions for people with Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease and stroke: protocol for an umbrella review. HRB Open Res 2020; 3:17. [PMID: 33392439 PMCID: PMC7745191 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.13023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Falls are common among people with neurological diseases and are associated with many negative physical, psychosocial and economic consequences. Implementation of single diagnosis falls prevention interventions is currently problematic due to lack of participants and resources. Given the similarities in falls risk factors across stroke, Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the development of an intervention designed for mixed neurological populations seems plausible and may provide a solution to current implementation challenges. This umbrella review aims to summarise the totality of evidence regarding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological falls prevention interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke and to identify the commonalities and differences between interventions that are effective for each disease to inform the development of an intervention for mixed diagnoses. Methods: This umbrella review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Electronic databases and grey literature will be searched. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTS) and studies investigating the effects of non-pharmacological falls prevention interventions on falls outcomes among people with MS, PD and stroke will be included. Methodological quality of included reviews will be assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation framework will be used to rate the quality of evidence. A summary of evidence table and narrative synthesis will be utilised to clearly indicate the findings. Discussion: This umbrella review presents a novel and timely approach to synthesise existing falls literature to identify effective non-pharmacological interventions for people with MS, PD and stroke. Of importance, this umbrella review will use a robust methodology to explore the key differences and similarities in effective interventions for individuals with these neurological diseases to facilitate the development of an intervention for mixed neurological groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola O'Malley
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Amanda M. Clifford
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Ageing Research Centre, Health Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Laura Comber
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Susan Coote
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Centre of Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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93
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Gil-Martins E, Barbosa DJ, Silva V, Remião F, Silva R. Dysfunction of ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier: Role in neurological disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107554. [PMID: 32320731 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters represent one of the largest and most diverse superfamily of proteins in living species, playing an important role in many biological processes such as cell homeostasis, cell signaling, drug metabolism and nutrient uptake. Moreover, using the energy generated from ATP hydrolysis, they mediate the efflux of endogenous and exogenous substrates from inside the cells, thereby reducing their intracellular accumulation. At present, 48 ABC transporters have been identified in humans, which were classified into 7 different subfamilies (A to G) according to their phylogenetic analysis. Nevertheless, the most studied members with importance in drug therapeutic efficacy and toxicity include P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a member of the ABCB subfamily, the multidrug-associated proteins (MPRs), members of the ABCC subfamily, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a member of the ABCG subfamily. They exhibit ubiquitous expression throughout the human body, with a special relevance in barrier tissues like the blood-brain barrier (BBB). At this level, they play a physiological function in tissue protection by reducing or limiting the brain accumulation of neurotoxins. Furthermore, dysfunction of ABC transporters, at expression and/or activity level, has been associated with many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Additionally, these transporters are strikingly associated with the pharmacoresistance to central nervous system (CNS) acting drugs, because they contribute to the decrease in drug bioavailability. This article reviews the signaling pathways that regulate the expression and activity of P-gp, BCRP and MRPs subfamilies of transporters, with particular attention at the BBB level, and their mis-regulation in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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94
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Effects of the probiotic formulation SLAB51 in in vitro and in vivo Parkinson's disease models. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:4641-4659. [PMID: 32155131 PMCID: PMC7093198 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson is a common neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including abnormalities in the gut function, which may appear before the motor sign. To date, there are treatments that can help relieve Parkinson’ disease (PD)-associated symptoms, but there is no cure to control the onset and progression of this disorder. Altered components of the gut could represent a key role in gut-brain axis, which is a bidirectional system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Diet can alter the microbiota composition, affecting gut-brain axis function. Gut microbiome restoration through selected probiotics’ administration has been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of the novel formulation SLAB51 in PD. Our findings indicate that this probiotic formulation can counteract the detrimental effect of 6-OHDA in vitro and in vivo models of PD. The results suggest that SLAB51 can be a promising candidate for the prevention or as coadjuvant treatment of PD.
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95
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Chen J, Jiang C, Du J, Xie CL. MiR-142-5p Protects Against 6-OHDA-Induced SH-SY5Y Cell Injury by Downregulating BECN1 and Autophagy. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820907016. [PMID: 32127787 PMCID: PMC7036514 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820907016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MiR-142-5p has been demonstrated to hold significant implications in neurological diseases. However, the impact and underlying regulatory mechanism of miR-142-5p in Parkinson's disease (PD) are still ominous. Methods To simulate the PD, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-treated SH-SY5Y cell model was used in this study. Levels of messenger RNA and protein were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. The direct interaction between miR-142-5p and Beclin 1 (BECN1) was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to assess cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cell. Results In consequence, a significant decrease of miR-142-5p was observed in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Over-/Low-expressed miR-142-5p resulted in a significant enhancement/inhibition on cell vitalities of 6-OHDA-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which might be modulated by repressing cellular autophagy through inhibiting level of BECN1 and LC3 II/LC3 I and elevating P62 level. Luciferase reporter assay showed that the BECN1 was the target gene of miR-142-5p. Additionally, the loss/gain of BECN1 rescued/blocked the effects of miR-142-5p on the viability of 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusions These results highlight that miR-142-5p functions as a neuroprotective regulator in 6-OHDA-induced neuronal SH-SY5Y cells simulating PD model in vitro via regulating autophagy-related protein BECN1 and autophagy to influence cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Senile Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Center Sterile Supply, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Li Xie
- Department of Neurology, Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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96
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Li H, Yu L, Li M, Chen X, Tian Q, Jiang Y, Li N. MicroRNA-150 serves as a diagnostic biomarker and is involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1189. [PMID: 32077254 PMCID: PMC7196454 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been reported to be involved in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of PD. This study aimed to investigate the serum expression of microRNA‐150 (miR‐150) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and further uncover the regulatory effect of miR‐150 on neuroinflammation. Methods Quantitative Real‐Time PCR was used to measure the expression of miR‐150. A receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR‐150. The effect of miR‐150 on neuroinflammation was analyzed by examining its correlation with proinflammatory cytokines and gain‐of‐function experiments in microglia treated with LPS. Results Serum miR‐150 expression was downregulated in PD patients compared with the healthy controls, and served as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for the screening of PD cases. Negative correlation was found between miR‐150 levels and the levels of procytokines in PD patients. By the treatment of LPS, microglia BV2 cells had a reduced expression of miR‐150, and the enhanced neuroinflammatory responses were inhibited by the overexpression of miR‐150. AKT3 was verified as a target of miR‐150 in BV2 cells. Conclusion All the data of this study revealed that the decreased serum miR‐150 serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker. The methods to increase miR‐150 expression may have a beneficial effect in PD via suppressing the neuroinflammation by targeting AKT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, China
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97
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Joyce JM, Monchi O, Ismail Z, Kibreab M, Cheetham J, Kathol I, Sarna J, Martino D, Debert CT. The impact of traumatic brain injury on cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Int Rev Psychiatry 2020; 32:46-60. [PMID: 31631720 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1656177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and specific cognitive, motor, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A cross-sectional cohort study of 120 participants aged 60-85 years old (48 females) were recruited (69 PD and 51 healthy controls). Assessments included demographic information, neuropsychological tests, a motor evaluation, neuropsychiatric questionnaires, and the Brain Injury Screening Questionnaire. A history of TBI or number of TBIs was not significantly related to an increased risk of developing PD or poorer motor scores on the United Parkinson Disease Rating Scale part 3. There was a significant negative correlation between number of TBI's and mean z-scores of global cognition (rs(69) = -0.338, p = 0.004), executive function (rs(69) = -0.251, p = 0.038), memory (rs(69) = -0.262, p = 0.029), and language (rs(69) = -0.245, p = 0.042), and a significant positive correlation on the Beck Depression Inventory II (rs(69) = 0.285, p = 0.018) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (rs(69) = 0.326, p = 0.006) in the PD group only. In conclusion, a history of TBI was negatively associated with cognition and positively associated with depressive symptoms in patients with PD, but not with motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Joyce
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Community Health Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mekale Kibreab
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jenelle Cheetham
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Iris Kathol
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Justyna Sarna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Chantel T Debert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Cai Q, Jeong YY. Mitophagy in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010150. [PMID: 31936292 PMCID: PMC7017092 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a central aspect of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Mitochondria are the main cellular energy powerhouses, supplying most of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, which is required to fuel essential neuronal functions. Efficient removal of aged and dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy, a cargo-selective autophagy, is crucial for mitochondrial maintenance and neuronal health. Mechanistic studies into mitophagy have highlighted an integrated and elaborate cellular network that can regulate mitochondrial turnover. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the recent discoveries and advancements on the mitophagy pathways and discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy defects in Alzheimer's disease and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, as well as the therapeutic potential of mitophagy-enhancing strategies to combat these disorders.
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Abstract
Parkinson's Disease is a disorder with diagnostic symptoms that include a change to a walking gait. The disease is problematic to diagnose. An objective method of monitoring the gait of a patient is required to ensure the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatments. We examine the suitability of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models compared to Symbolic Regression (SR) using genetic programming that was demonstrated to be successful in previous works on gait. The XGBoost and ANN models are found to out-perform SR, but the SR model is more human explainable.
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100
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Karthivashan G, Ganesan P, Park SY, Lee HW, Choi DK. Lipid-based nanodelivery approaches for dopamine-replacement therapies in Parkinson's disease: From preclinical to translational studies. Biomaterials 2019; 232:119704. [PMID: 31901690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, has increased exponentially as the global population continues to age. Although the etiological factors contributing to PD remain uncertain, its average incidence rate is reported to be 1% of the global population older than 60 years. PD is primarily characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons and/or associated neuronal networks and the subsequent depletion of dopamine (DA) levels in the brain. Thus, DA or levodopa (l-dopa), a precursor of DA, represent cardinal targets for both idiopathic and symptomatic PD therapeutics. While several therapeutic strategies have been investigated over the past decade for their abilities to curb the progression of PD, an effective cure for PD is currently unavailable. Even DA replacement therapy, an effective PD therapeutic strategy that provides an exogenous supply of DA or l-dopa, has been hindered by severe challenges, such as a poor capacity to bypass the blood-brain barrier and inadequate bioavailability. Nevertheless, with recent advances in nanotechnology, several drug delivery systems have been developed to bypass the barriers associated with central nervous system therapeutics. In here, we sought to describe the adapted lipid-based nanodrug delivery systems used in the field of PD therapeutics and their recent advances, with a particular focus placed on DA replacement therapies. This work initially explores the background of PD; offers descriptions of the most recent molecular targets; currently available clinical medications/limitations; an overview of several lipid-based PD nanotherapeutics, functionalized nanoparticles, and technical aspects in brain delivery; and, finally, presents future perspectives to enhance the use of nanotherapeutics in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindarajan Karthivashan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science and BK21plus Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanivel Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Applied Life Science, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Won Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Inflammatory Diseases (RID), College of Biomedical and Health Science and BK21plus Glocal Education Program of Nutraceuticals Development, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea.
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