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Widlansky ME, Hill RB. Mitochondrial regulation of diabetic vascular disease: an emerging opportunity. Transl Res 2018; 202:83-98. [PMID: 30144425 PMCID: PMC6218302 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes-related vascular complication rates remain unacceptably high despite guideline-based medical therapies that are significantly more effective in individuals without diabetes. This critical gap represents an opportunity for researchers and clinicians to collaborate on targeting mechanisms and pathways that specifically contribute to vascular pathology in patients with diabetes mellitus. Dysfunctional mitochondria producing excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) play a proximal cell-signaling role in the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction in the setting of diabetes. Targeting the mechanisms of production of mtROS or mtROS themselves represents an attractive method to reduce the prevalence and severity of diabetic vascular disease. This review focuses on the role of mitochondria in the development of diabetic vascular disease and current developments in methods to improve mitochondrial health to improve vascular outcomes in patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Widlansky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - R Blake Hill
- Department of Biochemisty, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Rodriguez H, El-Osta A. Epigenetic Contribution to the Development and Progression of Vascular Diabetic Complications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1074-1091. [PMID: 29304555 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide is steadily rising. Complications from diabetes, including cardiovascular and renal disease, contribute to the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Recent Advances: Hyperglycemia promotes tissue damage through diverse mechanisms involving increased production of reactive oxygen species. Increased oxidative stress drives changes in chromatin structure that mediate gene expression changes leading to the upregulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators. The epigenetic contribution to diabetes-induced changes in gene expression is increasingly recognized as a key factor in the development and progression of vascular diabetic complications. CRITICAL ISSUES The mechanisms through which stimuli from the diabetic milieu promote epigenetic changes remain poorly understood. In addition, glycemic control constitutes an important factor influencing epigenetic states in diabetes, and the phenomenon of hyperglycemic memory warrants further research. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in diabetes may allow the design of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic complications. Furthermore, certain epigenetic markers are detected early during the onset of diabetes and its complications and may prove useful as biomarkers for disease risk prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanah Rodriguez
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- 1 Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Australia .,2 Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia .,3 Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
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Gong YY, Luo JY, Wang L, Huang Y. MicroRNAs Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1092-1107. [PMID: 28969427 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells is one of the most important contributors to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Excessive accumulation of ROS impairs, while limiting oxidative stress protects cardiovascular and metabolic function through various cellular mechanisms. Recent Advances: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are novel regulators of oxidative stress in cardiovascular cells that modulate the expression of redox-related genes. This article summarizes recent advances in our understanding of how miRNAs target major ROS generators, antioxidant signaling pathways, and effectors in cells of the cardiovascular system. CRITICAL ISSUES The role of miRNAs in regulating ROS in cardiovascular cells is complicated because miRNAs can target multiple redox-related genes, act on redox regulatory pathways indirectly, and display context-dependent pro- or antioxidant effects. The complex regulatory network of ROS and the plethora of targets make it difficult to pin point the role of miRNAs and develop them as therapeutics. Therefore, these properties should be considered when designing strategies for therapeutic or diagnostic development. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies can gain a better understanding of redox-related miRNAs by investigating their own regulatory mechanisms and the dual role of ROS in the cardiovascular systems. The combination of improved study design and technical advancements will reveal newer pathophysiological importance of redox-related miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yu Gong
- 1 School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiang-Yun Luo
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .,3 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .,3 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China .,3 Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, China
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Wang Z, Long H, Chang C, Zhao M, Lu Q. Crosstalk between metabolism and epigenetic modifications in autoimmune diseases: a comprehensive overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3353-3369. [PMID: 29974127 PMCID: PMC11105184 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Little information is available regarding mechanistic links between epigenetic modifications and autoimmune diseases. It seems plausible to surmise that aberrant gene expression and energy metabolism would disrupt immune tolerance, which could ultimately result in autoimmune responses. Metaboloepigenetics is an emerging paradigm that defines the interrelationships between metabolism and epigenetics. Epigenetic modifications, such as the methylation/demethylation of DNA and histone proteins and histone acetylation/deacetylation can be dynamically produced and eliminated by a group of enzymes that consume several metabolites derived from various physiological pathways. Recent insights into cellular metabolism have demonstrated that environmental stimuli such as dietary exposure and nutritional status act through the variation in concentration of metabolites to affect epigenetic regulation and breakdown biochemical homeostasis. Metabolites, including S-adenosylmethionine, acetyl-CoA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, α-ketoglutarate, and ATP serve as cofactors for chromatin-modifying enzymes, such as methyltransferases, deacetylases and kinases, which are responsible for chromatin remodelling. The concentration of crucial nutrients, such as glucose, glutamine, and oxygen, spatially and temporally modulate epigenetic modifications to regulate gene expression and the reaction to stressful microenvironments in disease pathology. In this review, we focus on the interaction between metabolic intermediates and epigenetic modifications, integrating environmental signals with programmes through modification of the epigenome-metabolome to speculate as to how this may influence autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hai Long
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Suite 6510, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, No. 139 Renmin Middle Rd, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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Balakrishnan A, Guruprasad KP, Satyamoorthy K, Joshi MB. Interleukin-6 determines protein stabilization of DNA methyltransferases and alters DNA promoter methylation of genes associated with insulin signaling and angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1143-1158. [PMID: 29955086 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) display vascular insulin resistance and decreased nitric oxide production leading to vasoconstriction and atherosclerosis. Soluble factors such as pro-inflammatory molecules, and various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated to induce insulin resistance in vascular endothelial cells. Epigenetic mechanisms such as altered promoter DNA methylation have been demonstrated in development and progression of metabolic disorders and atherosclerosis. However, underlying precise epigenetic mechanisms regulating cross talk between insulin signaling genes and inflammation in vascular cells remains to be fully understood. Human endothelial cells when (a) treated with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin together, (b) pretreated with IL-6, and (c) under hyperinsulinemic conditions led to a state of vascular insulin resistance resulting in decreased Akt/eNOS activation and subsequent stabilization of STAT3 phosphorylation. IL-6 abrogated insulin effects on angiogenesis in 3D spheroid and matrigel assays. IL-6-induced insulin resistance was associated with decreased activity of DNA methyltransferase isoforms and global DNA hypomethylation, which inversely correlated with S-phase of cell cycle. CpG microarray analysis in IL-6 treated endothelial cells revealed promoters associated hypo- and hypermethylation of 199 and 98 genes respectively. Promoter DNA methylation status of genes associated with insulin signaling and angiogenesis such as RPS6KA2, PIK3R2, FOXD3, EXOC7, MAP3K8, ITPKB, EPHA6, IGF1R, and FOXC2 were validated by bisulfite DNA sequencing. Concentration and time-dependent analysis revealed that IL-6 reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3B but not DNMT3A protein levels. Our data indicate a causal link between IL-6-induced changes in global and promoter-specific DNA methylation, due to reduced DNMT1 and DNMT3B protein levels leading to altered expression of critical genes involved in insulin signaling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswath Balakrishnan
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | | | - Manjunath B Joshi
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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Curcumin Modulates DNA Methyltransferase Functions in a Cellular Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5407482. [PMID: 30057682 PMCID: PMC6051042 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5407482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress appears to be involved in the aetiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major public health issue, via altering DNA methylation process. We investigated the effect of hyperglycaemia on retinal DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression in diabetic mice, using Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. We also evaluated the effect of curcumin both on high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and altered DNMT functions, in a cellular model of DR. We observed that three months of hyperglycaemia, in insulin-deficient Ins2Akita mice, decrease DNMT1 and DNMT3a expression levels. In retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, we also demonstrated that high glucose-induced ROS production precedes upregulation of DNMT expression and activity, suggesting that changes in DNMT function could be mediated by oxidative stress via a potential dual effect. The early effect results in decreased DNMT activity, accompanied by the highest ROS production, while long-term oxidative stress increases DNMT activity and DNMT1 expression. Interestingly, treatment with 25 μM curcumin for 6 hours restores ROS production, as well as DNMT functions, altered by the exposure of RPE to acute and chronic high glucose concentration. Our study suggests that curcumin may represent an effective antioxidant compound against DR, via restoring oxidative stress and DNMT functions, though further studies are recommended.
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Strawbridge RJ, van Zuydam NR. Shared Genetic Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment. Curr Diab Rep 2018; 18:59. [PMID: 29938349 PMCID: PMC6015804 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-018-1021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is well established. This review collates the available evidence and assesses the shared genetic background between T2D and CVD: the causal contribution of common risk factors to T2D and CVD and how genetics can be used to improve drug development and clinical outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D and CVD support a shared genetic background but minimal individual locus overlap. Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses show that T2D is causal for CVD, but GWAS of CVD, T2D and their common risk factors provided limited evidence for individual locus overlap. Distinct but functionally related pathways were enriched for CVD and T2D genetic associations reflecting the lack of locus overlap and providing some explanation for the variable associations of common risk factors with CVD and T2D from MR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona J. Strawbridge
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Room 113, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RZ UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie R. van Zuydam
- Wellcome Centre Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7BN UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX3 7LE UK
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Epigenetics of Subcellular Structure Functioning in the Origin of Risk or Resilience to Comorbidity of Neuropsychiatric and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051456. [PMID: 29757967 PMCID: PMC5983601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial function, protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear processes such as telomere length and DNA repair may be subject to epigenetic cues that relate the genomic expression and environmental exposures in early stages of life. They may also be involved in the comorbid appearance of cardiometabolic (CMD) and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD) during adulthood. Mitochondrial function and protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum are associated with oxidative stress and elevated intracellular calcium levels and may also underlie the vulnerability for comorbid CMD and NPD. Mitochondria provide key metabolites such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), ATP, α-ketoglutarate and acetyl coenzyme A that are required for many transcriptional and epigenetic processes. They are also a source of free radicals. On the other hand, epigenetic markers in nuclear DNA determine mitochondrial biogenesis. The ER is the subcellular organelle in which secretory proteins are folded. Many environmental factors stop the ability of cells to properly fold proteins and modify post-translationally secretory and transmembrane proteins leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. ER functioning may be epigenetically determined. Chronic ER stress is emerging as a key contributor to a growing list of human diseases, including CMD and NPD. Telomere loss causes chromosomal fusion, activation of the control of DNA damage-responses, unstable genome and altered stem cell function, which may underlie the comorbidity of CMD and NPD. The length of telomeres is related to oxidative stress and may be epigenetically programmed. Pathways involved in DNA repair may be epigenetically programmed and may contribute to diseases. In this paper, we describe subcellular mechanisms that are determined by epigenetic markers and their possible relation to the development of increased susceptibility to develop CMD and NPD.
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Prattichizzo F, De Nigris V, Mancuso E, Spiga R, Giuliani A, Matacchione G, Lazzarini R, Marcheselli F, Recchioni R, Testa R, La Sala L, Rippo MR, Procopio AD, Olivieri F, Ceriello A. Short-term sustained hyperglycaemia fosters an archetypal senescence-associated secretory phenotype in endothelial cells and macrophages. Redox Biol 2018; 15:170-181. [PMID: 29253812 PMCID: PMC5735298 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic status is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased burden of senescent cells. Recently, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been suggested as a possible source of inflammatory factors in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. However, while senescence is a known consequence of hyperglycaemia, evidences of SASP as a result of the glycaemic insult are missing. In addition, few data are available regarding which cell types are the main SASP-spreading cells in vivo. Adopting a four-pronged approach we demonstrated that: i) an archetypal SASP response that was at least partly attributable to endothelial cells and macrophages is induced in mouse kidney after in vivo exposure to sustained hyperglycaemia; ii) reproducing a similar condition in vitro in endothelial cells and macrophages, hyperglycaemic stimulus largely phenocopies the SASP acquired during replicative senescence; iii) in endothelial cells, hyperglycaemia-induced senescence and SASP could be prevented by SOD-1 overexpression; and iiii) ex vivo circulating angiogenic cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from diabetic patients displayed features consistent with the SASP. Overall, the present findings document a direct link between hyperglycaemia and the SASP in endothelial cells and macrophages, making the SASP a highly likely contributor to the fuelling of low-grade inflammation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Prattichizzo
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni,Milano, Italy; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valeria De Nigris
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Elettra Mancuso
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosangela Spiga
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Viale Europa, University Magna-Græcia of Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lazzarini
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Sciences - Histology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorella Marcheselli
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rina Recchioni
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Testa
- Clinical Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rita Rippo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Domenico Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, DISCLIMO, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Ceriello
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Spain; Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy
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Cooper ME, El-Osta A, Allen TJ, Watson AMD, Thomas MC, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. Metabolic Karma-The Atherogenic Legacy of Diabetes: The 2017 Edwin Bierman Award Lecture. Diabetes 2018; 67:785-790. [PMID: 29678824 DOI: 10.2337/dbi18-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, despite all the recent advances in treatment of the various risk factors, remains the major cause of mortality in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Experimental models of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis, despite their limitations in recapitulating the human context, have assisted in the elucidation of molecular and cellular pathways implicated in the development and progression of macrovascular injury in diabetes. Our own studies have emphasized the role of oxidative stress and advanced glycation and identified potential targets for vasoprotective therapies in the setting of diabetes. Furthermore, it has been clearly shown that previous episodes of hyperglycemia play a key role in promoting end-organ injury in diabetes, as shown in clinical trials such as the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation Observational Study (ADVANCE-ON), and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/ Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC). The cause of this phenomenon, known as metabolic memory, remains to be elucidated, but it appears that epigenetic pathways, including glucose-induced histone methylation, play a central role. Further delineation of these pathways and their link to not only glucose but also other factors implicated in vascular injury should lead to more rational, potentially more effective therapies to retard diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Emmanuel Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terri Jean Allen
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Yang L, Zhang Q, Wu Q, Wei Y, Yu J, Mu J, Zhang J, Zeng W, Feng B. Effect of TET2 on the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy through activation of transforming growth factor β1 expression via DNA demethylation. Life Sci 2018; 207:127-137. [PMID: 29705354 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the mechanism of its expression and activation induced by high glucose (HG) is still unclear. We mainly explored the role of ten-eleven translocation enzyme-2 (TET2) in regulating TGFβ1 expression in the process of DN. MAIN METHODS Human mesangial cells (HMCs) and db/db mice were used to analyze the biological effects of hyperglycemia both in vivo and in vitro. Gene expression levels, cell proliferation, protein recruitment levels to TGFβ1 regulatory region, DNA methylation statues and pathological changes in kidney were tested in different groups. Short hairpin RNA(shRNA) and oral inhibitor were used to knock down or inhibit TET2 expression. KEY FINDINGS Our study demonstrated that TET2 expression was increased in the renal cortex of db/db mice and in HMCs inducing by HG. We also found that TET2 binding was increased while DNA methylation of CpG islands was reduced in the TGFβ1 regulation region in HG, resulting in the increased expression level of TGFβ1 and cell phenotype transformation. More importantly, clinical research revealed that gradually decreased DNA methylation in the TGFβ1 regulatory region was also present in patients with diabetes and DN. SIGNIFICANCE Our work suggests that TET2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DN by activating TGFβ1 expression through demethylation of CpG islands in the TGFβ1 regulatory region. This may provide a potential new therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China; MianYang Central Hospital, MianYang, SiChuan 621000, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Jiao Mu
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, PR China.
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Epigenetic Programming of Synthesis, Release, and/or Receptor Expression of Common Mediators Participating in the Risk/Resilience for Comorbid Stress-Related Disorders and Coronary Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041224. [PMID: 29670001 PMCID: PMC5979500 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotrophin releasing factor, vasopressin, oxytocin, natriuretic hormones, angiotensin, neuregulins, some purinergic substances, and some cytokines contribute to the long-term modulation and restructuring of cardiovascular regulation networks and, at the same time, have relevance in situations of comorbid abnormal stress responses. The synthesis, release, and receptor expression of these mediators seem to be under epigenetic control since early stages of life, possibly underlying the comorbidity to coronary artery disease (CAD) and stress-related disorders (SRD). The exposure to environmental conditions, such as stress, during critical periods in early life may cause epigenetic programming modifying the development of pathways that lead to stable and long-lasting alterations in the functioning of these mediators during adulthood, determining the risk of or resilience to CAD and SRD. However, in contrast to genetic information, epigenetic marks may be dynamically altered throughout the lifespan. Therefore, epigenetics may be reprogrammed if the individual accepts the challenge to undertake changes in their lifestyle. Alternatively, epigenetics may remain fixed and/or even be inherited in the next generation. In this paper, we analyze some of the common neuroendocrine functions of these mediators in CAD and SRD and summarize the evidence indicating that they are under early programming to put forward the theoretical hypothesis that the comorbidity of these diseases might be epigenetically programmed and modified over the lifespan of the individual.
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Perrino C, Barabási AL, Condorelli G, Davidson SM, De Windt L, Dimmeler S, Engel FB, Hausenloy DJ, Hill JA, Van Laake LW, Lecour S, Leor J, Madonna R, Mayr M, Prunier F, Sluijter JPG, Schulz R, Thum T, Ytrehus K, Ferdinandy P. Epigenomic and transcriptomic approaches in the post-genomic era: path to novel targets for diagnosis and therapy of the ischaemic heart? Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:725-736. [PMID: 28460026 PMCID: PMC5437366 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in myocardial reperfusion therapies, acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury and consequent ischaemic heart failure represent the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized societies. Although different therapeutic interventions have been shown beneficial in preclinical settings, an effective cardioprotective or regenerative therapy has yet to be successfully introduced in the clinical arena. Given the complex pathophysiology of the ischaemic heart, large scale, unbiased, global approaches capable of identifying multiple branches of the signalling networks activated in the ischaemic/reperfused heart might be more successful in the search for novel diagnostic or therapeutic targets. High-throughput techniques allow high-resolution, genome-wide investigation of genetic variants, epigenetic modifications, and associated gene expression profiles. Platforms such as proteomics and metabolomics (not described here in detail) also offer simultaneous readouts of hundreds of proteins and metabolites. Isolated omics analyses usually provide Big Data requiring large data storage, advanced computational resources and complex bioinformatics tools. The possibility of integrating different omics approaches gives new hope to better understand the molecular circuitry activated by myocardial ischaemia, putting it in the context of the human ‘diseasome’. Since modifications of cardiac gene expression have been consistently linked to pathophysiology of the ischaemic heart, the integration of epigenomic and transcriptomic data seems a promising approach to identify crucial disease networks. Thus, the scope of this Position Paper will be to highlight potentials and limitations of these approaches, and to provide recommendations to optimize the search for novel diagnostic or therapeutic targets for acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury and ischaemic heart failure in the post-genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Albert-Laszló Barabási
- Center for Complex Networks Research and Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, and Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Research Hospital and Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy.,Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sean Michael Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leon De Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), RheinMain, Germany
| | - Felix Benedikt Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Derek John Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joseph Addison Hill
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Linda Wilhelmina Van Laake
- Division of Heart and Lungs, Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center and Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.,The Texas Heart Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Department of Cardiology, Institut MITOVASC, University of Angers, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Joost Petrus Geradus Sluijter
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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64
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Pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Endocrinol Metab 2018; 7:4-9. [PMID: 31646271 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus elicits cellular, epigenetic, and post-translational changes that directly or indirectly affect the biology of the vasculature and other metabolic systems resulting in the apparition of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide a current perspective on the most recent discoveries in this field, with particular focus on hyperglycemia- induced pathology in the cardiovascular system. We also provide perspective on the clinical importance of molecular targeting of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus therapies to treat hyperglycemia, inflammation, thrombosis, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension.
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Roussel R, Steg PG, Mohammedi K, Marre M, Potier L. Prevention of cardiovascular disease through reduction of glycaemic exposure in type 2 diabetes: A perspective on glucose-lowering interventions. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:238-244. [PMID: 28597588 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Observational studies have consistently shown an association between glycaemic level and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE); however, intervention studies have provided limited evidence supporting a reduction in the cardiovascular burden of diabetes through intensive glucose control. In the present review, we aimed to examine the concept of cumulative glycaemic exposure with regard to protection against CVD in diabetes. We address how we can move from a binary approach in trials, to a more quantitative approach based on differences in cumulative glycaemic exposure. We plotted the association between differing glycaemic exposures between study arms and the hazard ratio for MACE in randomized controls trials comparing intensive with conventional glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. We found a strikingly strong correlation between differential exposure and cardiovascular risk reduction. Similar results were obtained for trials comparing antidiabetes drugs with placebo. The results suggest that a minimum study duration and a minimum gain in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction are necessary to drive a relevant risk reduction in CVD risk, and we provide a quantitative perspective in that respect. The present analysis underlines that the duration of the intensification of glycemic control, and the amplitude of the resulting reduction in HbA1c, are important notions for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Roussel
- INSERM, U-1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gabriel Steg
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
- INSERM U-1148, LVTS, French Alliance for Cardiovascular Clinical Trials, Paris, France
- National Heart and Lung Institute, ICMS, Imperial College, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kamel Mohammedi
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Michel Marre
- INSERM, U-1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Louis Potier
- INSERM, U-1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
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66
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Zhou L, Wang W, Yang C, Zeng T, Hu M, Wang X, Li N, Sun K, Wang C, Zhou J, Ren M, Yan L. GADD45a Promotes Active DNA Demethylation of the MMP-9 Promoter via Base Excision Repair Pathway in AGEs-Treated Keratinocytes and in Diabetic Male Rat Skin. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1172-1186. [PMID: 29244109 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes elevates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels in the skin and its keratinocytes, and activated MMP-9 impairs skin wound healing. Epigenetic regulation of the DNA methylation status within the MMP-9 promoter plays an important role in the alteration of MMP-9 expression. Our aim was to investigate the role and mechanism of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45a (GADD45a), a well-known DNA demethylation regulatory protein that mediates DNA methylation, in the regulation of MMP-9 expression. In this study, we showed that GADD45a was markedly upregulated in skin tissues from patients with diabetic foot ulcers, in diabetic rats, and in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells exposed to advanced glycation end products. We observed a substantial positive correlation between the levels of GADD45a and MMP-9 expression. Knockdown of GADD45a ameliorated the increase in MMP-9 transcription induced by a diabetic condition by inhibiting demethylation in the MMP-9 promoter and promoted diabetic HaCaT cell migration, but GADD45a knockdown did not affect HaCaT cell proliferation or apoptosis. Additionally, we demonstrated that overexpression of GADD45a activated MMP-9 expression by inducing promoter demethylation. Moreover, we found that GADD45a binds to the promoter of MMP-9 and recruits thymine-DNA glycosylase for base excision repair-mediated demethylation in diabetic HaCaT cells and diabetic rat skin. Our results reveal a mechanism in which GADD45a is required for demethylation of the MMP-9 promoter and the induction of diabetic wound healing. The inhibition of GADD45a might be a therapeutic strategy for diabetic foot ulcers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Cycle Proteins/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Demethylation
- DNA Repair/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Foot/genetics
- Diabetic Foot/metabolism
- Diabetic Foot/pathology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/pharmacology
- Humans
- Keratinocytes/drug effects
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Keratinocytes/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Wound Healing/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengdie Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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67
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Park SY, Kim KH, Park CH, Shin SY, Rhyu IC, Lee YM, Seol YJ. Enhanced Bone Regeneration by Diabetic Cell-Based Adenoviral BMP-2 Gene Therapy in Diabetic Animals. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:930-942. [PMID: 29160182 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been extensively investigated to improve diabetes-impaired bone healing; however, the delivery of BMP-2 by gene therapy for bone regeneration has rarely been investigated in diabetic animals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate which cells induce more new bone formation in diabetic animals when cell-based BMP2 gene therapy is applied. For this purpose, we harvested bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) twice in the same animal before (non-diabetic BMSCs; nBMSCs) and after diabetes induction (diabetic BMSCs; dBMSCs) using modified bone marrow ablation methods. And then, cells were transduced by adenoviral vectors carrying the BMP2 gene (AdBMP2). In in vitro, AdBMP2-transfected dBMSCs (B2/dBMSCs) produced higher BMP-2 mRNA levels over 48 h, whereas AdBMP2-transfected nBMSCs (B2/nBMSCs) exhibited a transient increase in BMP-2 mRNA followed by a decrease to the baseline level within 48 h. Both B2/dBMSCs and B2/nBMSCs induced secretion of BMP-2 for 3 weeks. However, B2/dBMSC BMP-2 secretion peaked from day 3 to 10, whereas B2/nBMSC BMP-2 secretion peaked from day 1 to 7. The analysis of osteogenic activity revealed that mineralization nodule formation and the expression levels of osteogenic genes were significantly higher in B2/dBMSCs than B2/nBMSCs and were accompanied by upregulation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and Smad signaling. AdBMP2-transfected autologous cells were implanted into critical-sized calvarial defects in diabetic animals and induced significantly more bone regeneration than non-AdBMP2-transfected cells. In addition, B2/dBMSCs led to significantly more new bone formation than B2/nBMSCs. Thus, BMP2 gene therapy using diabetic cells effectively supported diabetic bone healing and it was related to the enhanced responses to AdBMP2 of dBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea.,2 Section of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital , Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Park
- 3 Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Shin
- 4 Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- 1 Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul, Korea
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68
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Keating ST, van Diepen JA, Riksen NP, El-Osta A. Epigenetics in diabetic nephropathy, immunity and metabolism. Diabetologia 2018; 61:6-20. [PMID: 29128937 PMCID: PMC6448927 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
When it comes to the epigenome, there is a fine line between clarity and confusion-walk that line and you will discover another fascinating level of transcription control. With the genetic code representing the cornerstone of rules for information that is encoded to proteins somewhere above the genome level there is a set of rules by which chemical information is also read. These epigenetic modifications show a different side of the genetic code that is diverse and regulated, hence modifying genetic transcription transiently, ranging from short- to long-term alterations. While this complexity brings exquisite control it also poses a formidable challenge to efforts to decode mechanisms underlying complex disease. Recent technological and computational advances have improved unbiased acquisition of epigenomic patterns to improve our understanding of the complex chromatin landscape. Key to resolving distinct chromatin signatures of diabetic complications is the identification of the true physiological targets of regulatory proteins, such as reader proteins that recognise, writer proteins that deposit and eraser proteins that remove specific chemical moieties. But how might a diverse group of proteins regulate the diabetic landscape from an epigenomic perspective? Drawing from an ever-expanding compendium of experimental and clinical studies, this review details the current state-of-play and provides a perspective of chromatin-dependent mechanisms implicated in diabetic complications, with a special focus on diabetic nephropathy. We hypothesise a codified signature of the diabetic epigenome and provide examples of prime candidates for chemical modification. As for the pharmacological control of epigenetic marks, we explore future strategies to expedite and refine the search for clinically relevant discoveries. We also consider the challenges associated with therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Keating
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Janna A van Diepen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (463), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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69
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De Rosa S, Arcidiacono B, Chiefari E, Brunetti A, Indolfi C, Foti DP. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: Genetic and Epigenetic Links. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:2. [PMID: 29387042 PMCID: PMC5776102 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder predisposing to diabetic cardiomyopathy and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), which could lead to heart failure through a variety of mechanisms, including myocardial infarction and chronic pressure overload. Pathogenetic mechanisms, mainly linked to hyperglycemia and chronic sustained hyperinsulinemia, include changes in metabolic profiles, intracellular signaling pathways, energy production, redox status, increased susceptibility to ischemia, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The close relationship between type 2 DM and CVD has led to the common soil hypothesis, postulating that both conditions share common genetic and environmental factors influencing this association. However, although the common risk factors of both CVD and type 2 DM, such as obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and thrombophilia, can be identified in the majority of affected patients, less is known about how these factors influence both conditions, so that efforts are still needed for a more comprehensive understanding of this relationship. The genetic, epigenetic, and environmental backgrounds of both type 2 DM and CVD have been more recently studied and updated. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms have seldom been investigated within the broader shared background, but rather studied in the specific context of type 2 DM or CVD, separately. As the precise pathophysiological links between type 2 DM and CVD are not entirely understood and many aspects still require elucidation, an integrated description of the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences involved in the concomitant development of both diseases is of paramount importance to shed new light on the interlinks between type 2 DM and CVD. This review addresses the current knowledge of overlapping genetic and epigenetic aspects in type 2 DM and CVD, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, whose abnormal regulation has been implicated in both disease conditions, either etiologically or as cause for their progression. Understanding the links between these disorders may help to drive future research toward an integrated pathophysiological approach and to provide future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Brunetti, ; Ciro Indolfi, ; Daniela P. Foti,
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Brunetti, ; Ciro Indolfi, ; Daniela P. Foti,
| | - Daniela P. Foti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Brunetti, ; Ciro Indolfi, ; Daniela P. Foti,
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70
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Eelen G, de Zeeuw P, Treps L, Harjes U, Wong BW, Carmeliet P. Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:3-58. [PMID: 29167330 PMCID: PMC5866357 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Harjes
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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Lauschke VM, Barragan I, Ingelman-Sundberg M. Pharmacoepigenetics and Toxicoepigenetics: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:161-185. [PMID: 29029592 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-053021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment and exposure to xenobiotics can cause substantial changes in epigenetic signatures. The majority of these epigenetic changes, caused by the compounds in question, occur downstream of transcriptional activation mechanisms, whereby the epigenetic alterations can create a transcriptional memory and stably modulate cell function. The increasing understanding of epigenetic mechanisms and their importance in disease has prompted the development of therapeutic interventions that target epigenetic modulatory mechanisms, particularly in oncology where inhibitors of epigenetic-modifying proteins (epidrugs) have been successfully used in treatment, mostly in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy, either provoking direct cytotoxicity or inhibiting resistance to anticancer drugs. In addition, emerging methods for detecting epigenetically modified DNA in bodily fluids may provide information about tumor phenotype or drug treatment success. However, it is important to note that many technical pitfalls, such as the nondeconvolution of methylcytosine and hydroxymethylcytosine, compromise epigenetic analyses and the interpretation of results. In this review, we provide an update on the field, with an emphasis on the novel therapeutic opportunities made possible by epidrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Lauschke
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Isabel Barragan
- Pharmacoepigenetics Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Pharmacogenetics Section, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;
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72
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Khullar M, Cheema BS, Raut SK. Emerging Evidence of Epigenetic Modifications in Vascular Complication of Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:237. [PMID: 29085333 PMCID: PMC5649155 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes, dietary, and lifestyle factors have been shown to be important in the pathophysiology of diabetes and associated microvascular complications. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and post-transcriptional RNA regulation, are being increasingly recognized as important mediators of the complex interplay between genes and the environment. Recent studies suggest that diabetes-induced dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms resulting in altered gene expression in target cells can lead to diabetes-associated complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and so on, which are the major contributors to diabetes-associated morbidity and mortality. Thus, knowledge of dysregulated epigenetic pathways involved in diabetes can provide much needed new drug targets for these diseases. In this review, we constructed our search strategy to highlight the role of DNA methylation, modifications of histones and role of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in vascular complications of diabetes, including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Satish K. Raut
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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73
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Mimura I, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. New insights into molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in kidney disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:1159-1167. [PMID: 27560313 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with kidney failure has increased in recent years. Different factors contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease, including glomerular sclerosis, atherosclerosis of the renal arteries and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Tubulointerstitial injury is induced by hypoxia and other inflammatory signals, leading to fibroblast activation. Technological advances using high-throughput sequencing has enabled the determination of the expression profile of almost all genes, revealing that gene expression is intricately regulated by DNA methylation, histone modification, changes in chromosome conformation, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. These epigenetic modifications are stored as cellular epigenetic memory. Epigenetic memory leads to adult-onset disease or ageing in the long term and may possibly play an important role in the kidney disease process. Herein we emphasize the importance of clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic modifications because this may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imari Mimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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74
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Xu S. Transcriptome Profiling in Systems Vascular Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:563. [PMID: 28970795 PMCID: PMC5609594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the post-genomic, big data era, our understanding of vascular diseases has been deepened by multiple state-of-the-art “–omics” approaches, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics. Genome-wide transcriptomic profiling, such as gene microarray and RNA-sequencing, emerges as powerful research tools in systems medicine and revolutionizes transcriptomic analysis of the pathological mechanisms and therapeutics of vascular diseases. In this article, I will highlight the workflow of transcriptomic profiling, outline basic bioinformatics analysis, and summarize recent gene profiling studies performed in vascular cells as well as in human and mice diseased samples. Further mining of these public repository datasets will shed new light on our understanding of the cellular basis of vascular diseases and offer novel potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suowen Xu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, RochesterNY, United States
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75
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Barbati SA, Colussi C, Bacci L, Aiello A, Re A, Stigliano E, Isidori AM, Grassi C, Pontecorvi A, Farsetti A, Gaetano C, Nanni S. Transcription Factor CREM Mediates High Glucose Response in Cardiomyocytes and in a Male Mouse Model of Prolonged Hyperglycemia. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2391-2405. [PMID: 28368536 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the epigenetic landscape of cardiomyocytes exposed to elevated glucose levels. High glucose (30 mM) for 72 hours determined some epigenetic changes in mouse HL-1 and rat differentiated H9C2 cardiomyocytes including upregulation of class I and III histone deacetylase protein levels and activity, inhibition of histone acetylase p300 activity, increase in histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation, and reduction in H3 lysine 9 acetylation. Gene expression analysis focused on cardiotoxicity revealed that high glucose induced markers associated with tissue damage, fibrosis, and cardiac remodeling such as Nexilin (NEXN), versican, cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-responsive element modulator (CREM), and adrenoceptor α2A (ADRA2). Notably, the transcription factor CREM was found to be important in the regulation of cardiotoxicity-associated genes as assessed by specific small interfering RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. In CD1 mice, made hyperglycemic by streptozotoicin (STZ) injection, cardiac structural alterations were evident at 6 months after STZ treatment and were associated with a significant increase of H3 lysine 27 trimethylation and reduction of H3 lysine 9 acetylation. Consistently, NEXN, CREM, and ADRA2 expression was significantly induced at the RNA and protein levels. Confocal microscopy analysis of NEXN localization showed this protein irregularly distributed along the sarcomeres in the heart of hyperglycemic mice. This evidence suggested a structural alteration of cardiac Z-disk with potential consequences on contractility. In conclusion, high glucose may alter the epigenetic landscape of cardiac cells. Sildenafil, restoring guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate levels, counteracted the increase of CREM and NEXN, providing a protective effect in the presence of hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saviana A Barbati
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bacci
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Aiello
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Re
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Stigliano
- Department of Histopathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Medicine Clinic III, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Medicine Clinic III, Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simona Nanni
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Università Cattolica di Roma, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Chernikov AA, Severina AS, Shamhalova MS, Shestakova MV. The role of «metabolic memory» mechanisms in the development and progression of vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. DIABETES MELLITUS 2017. [DOI: 10.14341/7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The study of diabetes mellitus (DM), its complications and related pathologies has been continuously performed for many years; however, despite the substantial work and outstanding achievements in studying the mechanisms of DM development and the success of new medicinal products for controlling glycaemia, the problems associated with the late complications of DM continue to increase. The importance of glycaemic control in the early stages of DM for the development of complications is seen only after a sufficiently long period of observation. Such a delayed effect of primary good or unsatisfactory metabolic control, which shapes the patients clinical fate to a greater extent, is termed metabolic memory. The disorders developed under the influence of hyperglycaemia persist for long periods after the normalisation of carbohydrate metabolism; moreover, the effect of previous hyperglycaemia extends over the next 20 and even 30 years. Current research is focused on the possible mechanisms of metabolic memory development, including oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products and epigenetic mechanisms. This research will provide insight into potential markers for the early development and progression of vascular complications and new therapeutic possibilities for the future. However, determining the probable point of no return is more important, which implies that a point exists; after this point is crossed, the progression of vascular complications associated with DM cannot be prevented or reversed. The results of numerous experimental studies demonstrate that the prerequisite components of metabolic memory can be used as potential markers of the progression of DM complications, and may be potential therapeutic targets.
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77
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Keating ST, Plutzky J, El-Osta A. Epigenetic Changes in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk. Circ Res 2017; 118:1706-22. [PMID: 27230637 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications remain the leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Studies in humans and preclinical models demonstrate lasting gene expression changes in the vasculopathies initiated by previous exposure to high glucose concentrations and the associated overproduction of reactive oxygen species. The molecular signatures of chromatin architectures that sensitize the genome to these and other cardiometabolic risk factors of the diabetic milieu are increasingly implicated in the biological memory underlying cardiovascular complications and now widely considered as promising therapeutic targets. Atherosclerosis is a complex heterocellular disease where the contributing cell types possess distinct epigenomes shaping diverse gene expression. Although the extent that pathological chromatin changes can be manipulated in human cardiovascular disease remains to be established, the clinical applicability of epigenetic interventions will be greatly advanced by a deeper understanding of the cell type-specific roles played by writers, erasers, and readers of chromatin modifications in the diabetic vasculature. This review details a current perspective of epigenetic mechanisms of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus and highlights recent key descriptions of chromatinized changes associated with persistent gene expression in endothelial, smooth muscle, and circulating immune cells relevant to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges associated with pharmacological targeting of epigenetic networks to correct abnormal or deregulated gene expression as a strategy to alleviate the clinical burden of diabetic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Keating
- From the Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory (S.T.K., A.E.-O.) and Epigenomics Profiling Facility (A.E.-O.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.); Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.); and Central Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.)
| | - Jorge Plutzky
- From the Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory (S.T.K., A.E.-O.) and Epigenomics Profiling Facility (A.E.-O.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.); Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.); and Central Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.)
| | - Assam El-Osta
- From the Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Laboratory (S.T.K., A.E.-O.) and Epigenomics Profiling Facility (A.E.-O.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (J.P.); Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.); and Central Clinical School, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (A.E.-O.).
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78
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Metabolism and chromatin dynamics in health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 54:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Novel insights into DNA methylation and its critical implications in diabetic vascular complications. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160611. [PMID: 28183874 PMCID: PMC5350598 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent epidemiological and clinical studies have shown that type 2 diabetic patients can develop diabetic vascular complications even after intensive glycaemic control. It has been suggested that this phenomenon could be explained by the hypothesis of 'metabolic memory'. The underlying mechanisms between these enduring effects and the prior hyperglycaemic state are still not well understood. Preliminary studies demonstrate that hyperglycaemia can regulate gene expression by epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, which can persistently exist even after glucose normalization. Increasing evidence shows that epigenetic mechanisms may play a substantial role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its associated vascular complications, including atherosclerosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), nephropathy and retinopathy. In this review, we will examine the growing role of DNA methylation in diabetes and its vascular complications, thus it can provide critical implications for the early prevention of diabetes and its vascular complications.
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80
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Lee H, Gill J, Barr T, Yun S, Kim H. Primer in Genetics and Genomics, Article 2-Advancing Nursing Research With Genomic Approaches. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 19:229-239. [PMID: 28135824 PMCID: PMC6343213 DOI: 10.1177/1099800416689822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nurses investigate reasons for variable patient symptoms and responses to treatments to inform how best to improve outcomes. Genomics has the potential to guide nursing research exploring contributions to individual variability. This article is meant to serve as an introduction to the novel methods available through genomics for addressing this critical issue and includes a review of methodological considerations for selected genomic approaches. APPROACH This review presents essential concepts in genetics and genomics that will allow readers to identify upcoming trends in genomics nursing research and improve research practice. It introduces general principles of genomic research and provides an overview of the research process. It also highlights selected nursing studies that serve as clinical examples of the use of genomic technologies. Finally, the authors provide suggestions about how to apply genomic technology in nursing research along with directions for future research. CONCLUSIONS Using genomic approaches in nursing research can advance the understanding of the complex pathophysiology of disease susceptibility and different patient responses to interventions. Nurses should be incorporating genomics into education, clinical practice, and research as the influence of genomics in health-care research and practice continues to grow. Nurses are also well placed to translate genomic discoveries into improved methods for patient assessment and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhwa Lee
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Hyungsuk Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
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81
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Lu Z, Liu N, Wang F. Epigenetic Regulations in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:7805058. [PMID: 28401169 PMCID: PMC5376412 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7805058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a chronic complication of diabetes and the most common cause of end-stage kidney disease. It has been reported that multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of DN, while the molecular mechanisms that lead to DN are still not fully understood. Numerous risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy have been proposed, including ethnicity and inherited genetic differences. Recently, with the development of high-throughput technologies, there is emerging evidence that suggests the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of DN. Epigenetic regulations, including DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and histone modifications, play a pivotal role in DN pathogenesis by a second layer of gene regulation. All these findings can contribute to developing novel therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Na Liu: and
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Feng Wang:
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82
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Pradhan P, Upadhyay N, Tiwari A, Singh LP. Genetic and epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy: a molecular link to regulate gene expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:192-204. [PMID: 28691104 DOI: 10.15761/nfo.1000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intensification in the frequency of diabetes and the associated vascular complications has been a root cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. One such vascular complication which has been the prominent cause of blindness; retinal vasculature, neuronal and glial abnormalities is diabetic retinopathy (DR), a chronic complicated outcome of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. It has also become clear that "genetic" variations in population alone can't explain the development and progression of diabetes and its complications including DR. DR experiences engagement of foremost mediators of diabetes such as hyperglycemia, oxidant stress, and inflammatory factors that lead to the dysregulation of "epigenetic" mechanisms involving histone acetylation and histone and DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and expression of a complex set of stress-regulated and disease-associated genes. In addition, both elevated glucose concentration and insulin resistance leave a robust effect on epigenetic reprogramming of the endothelial cells too, since endothelium associated with the eye aids in maintaining the vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, several studies conducted on the disease suggest that the modifications of the epigenome might be the fundamental mechanism(s) for the proposed metabolic memory' resulting into prolonged gene expression for inflammation and cellular dysfunction even after attaining the glycemic control in diabetics. Henceforth, the present review focuses on the aspects of genetic and epigenetic alterations in genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor and aldose reductase considered being associated with DR. In addition, we discuss briefly the role of the thioredoxin-interacting protein TXNIP, which is strongly induced by high glucose and diabetes, in cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction potentially leading to chromatin remodeling and ocular complications of diabetes. The identification of disease-associated genes and their epigenetic regulations will lead to potential new drugs and gene therapies as well as personalized medicine to prevent or slow down the progression of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pradhan
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Upadhyay
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Lalit P Singh
- Departments of Anatomy/Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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83
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Luna P, Guarner V, Farías JM, Hernández-Pacheco G, Martínez M. Importance of Metabolic Memory in the Development of Vascular Complications in Diabetic Patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2016; 30:1369-78. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Epigenetic changes are caused by biochemical regulators of gene expression that can be transferred across generations or through cell division. Epigenetic modifications can arise from a variety of environmental exposures including undernutrition, obesity, physical activity, stress and toxins. Transient epigenetic changes across the entire genome can influence metabolic outcomes and might or might not be heritable. These modifications direct and maintain the cell-type specific gene expression state. Transient epigenetic changes can be driven by DNA methylation and histone modification in response to environmental stressors. A detailed understanding of the epigenetic signatures of insulin resistance and the adaptive response to exercise might identify new therapeutic targets that can be further developed to improve insulin sensitivity and prevent obesity. This Review focuses on the current understanding of mechanisms by which lifestyle factors affect the epigenetic landscape in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Evidence from the past few years about the potential mechanisms by which diet and exercise affect the epigenome over several generations is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Barrès
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 4a, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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85
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Yan H, Tian S, Slager SL, Sun Z. ChIP-seq in studying epigenetic mechanisms of disease and promoting precision medicine: progresses and future directions. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1239-58. [PMID: 27319740 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) is widely used for mapping histone modifications, histone proteins, chromatin regulators, transcription factors and other DNA-binding proteins. It has played a significant role in our understanding of disease mechanisms and in exploring epigenetic changes for potential clinical applications. However, the conventional protocol requires large amounts of starting material and does not quantify the actual occupancy, limiting its applications in clinical settings. Herein we summarize the latest progresses in utilizing ChIP-seq to link epigenetic alterations to disease initiation and progression, and the implications in precision medicine. We provide an update on the newly developed ChIP-seq protocols, especially those suitable for scare clinical samples. Technical and analytical challenges are outlined together with recommendations for improvement. Finally, future directions in expediting ChIP-seq use in clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihuang Yan
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shulan Tian
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Division of Biomedical Statistics & Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Zhang J, Yang C, Wang C, Liu D, Lao G, Liang Y, Sun K, Luo H, Tan Q, Ren M, Yan L. AGE-induced keratinocyte MMP-9 expression is linked to TET2-mediated CpG demethylation. Wound Repair Regen 2016; 24:489-500. [PMID: 26913994 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinglu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Guojuan Lao
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Hengcong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Tan
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology; Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University; GuangZhou People's Republic of China
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Dębski KJ, Pitkanen A, Puhakka N, Bot AM, Khurana I, Harikrishnan KN, Ziemann M, Kaspi A, El-Osta A, Lukasiuk K, Kobow K. Etiology matters - Genomic DNA Methylation Patterns in Three Rat Models of Acquired Epilepsy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25668. [PMID: 27157830 PMCID: PMC4860710 DOI: 10.1038/srep25668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that acquired epileptogenesis is accompanied by DNA methylation changes independent of etiology. We investigated DNA methylation and gene expression in the hippocampal CA3/dentate gyrus fields at 3 months following epileptogenic injury in three experimental models of epilepsy: focal amygdala stimulation, systemic pilocarpine injection, or lateral fluid-percussion induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. In the models studies, DNA methylation and gene expression profiles distinguished controls from injured animals. We observed consistent increased methylation in gene bodies and hypomethylation at non-genic regions. We did not find a common methylation signature in all three different models and few regions common to any two models. Our data provide evidence that genome-wide alteration of DNA methylation signatures is a general pathomechanism associated with epileptogenesis and epilepsy in experimental animal models, but the broad pathophysiological differences between models (i.e. pilocarpine, amygdala stimulation, and post-TBI) are reflected in distinct etiology-dependent DNA methylation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad J. Dębski
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Asla Pitkanen
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- Epilepsy Research Laboratory, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna M. Bot
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ishant Khurana
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - KN Harikrishnan
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony Kaspi
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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88
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Epigenomic profiling reveals an association between persistence of DNA methylation and metabolic memory in the DCCT/EDIC type 1 diabetes cohort. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3002-11. [PMID: 27162351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603712113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether persistence of epigenetic DNA methylation (DNA-me) alterations at specific loci over two different time points in people with diabetes are associated with metabolic memory, the prolonged beneficial effects of intensive vs. conventional therapy during the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on the progression of microvascular outcomes in the long-term follow-up Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Study. We compared DNA-me profiles in genomic DNA of whole blood (WB) isolated at EDIC Study baseline from 32 cases (DCCT conventional therapy group subjects showing retinopathy or albuminuria progression by EDIC Study year 10) vs. 31 controls (DCCT intensive therapy group subjects without complication progression by EDIC year 10). DNA-me was also profiled in blood monocytes (Monos) of the same patients obtained during EDIC Study years 16-17. In WB, 153 loci depicted hypomethylation, and 225 depicted hypermethylation, whereas in Monos, 155 hypomethylated loci and 247 hypermethylated loci were found (fold change ≥1.3; P < 0.005; cases vs. controls). Twelve annotated differentially methylated loci were common in both WB and Monos, including thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), known to be associated with hyperglycemia and related complications. A set of differentially methylated loci depicted similar trends of associations with prior HbA1c in both WB and Monos. In vitro, high glucose induced similar persistent hypomethylation at TXNIP in cultured THP1 Monos. These results show that DNA-me differences during the DCCT persist at certain loci associated with glycemia for several years during the EDIC Study and support an epigenetic explanation for metabolic memory.
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89
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Abstract
Progressive kidney disease is a common companion to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the majority of people with diabetes do not develop diabetic kidney disease. This may in part be explained by good control of glucose, blood pressure, obesity and other risk factors for kidney disease. It may also be partly due to their genetic makeup or ethnicity. However, the vast majority of the variability in incident nephropathy remains unaccounted for by conventional risk factors or genetics. Epigenetics has recently emerged as an increasingly powerful paradigm to understand and potentially explain complex non-Mendelian conditions-including diabetic kidney disease. Persistent epigenetic changes can be acquired during development or as adaptations to environmental exposure, including metabolic fluctuations associated with diabetes. These epigenetic modifications-including DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs and other changes in chromatin structure and function-individually and co-operatively act to register, store, retain and recall past experiences in a way to shape the transcription of specific genes and, therefore, cellular functions. This review will explore the emerging evidence for the role of epigenetic modifications in programming the legacy of hyperglycaemia for kidney disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin C Thomas
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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90
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Kumar S, Pamulapati H, Tikoo K. Fatty acid induced metabolic memory involves alterations in renal histone H3K36me2 and H3K27me3. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:233-242. [PMID: 26747726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggest that diabetic complications persist even after the maintenance of normal glucose levels. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the molecular mechanism behind the presence of insulin resistance (IR) condition even after normalization of circulating lipids levels both in vivo and in vitro. Persistent inhibition of insulin signalling in absence of elevated circulating lipids level confirms the presence of metabolic memory in our model of IR. IR in human urine derived podocyte-like epithelial cells (HUPECs) was developed by incubating cells with palmitate (750 μM) for 24 h and in SD rats by feeding high fat diet for 16 weeks. Inhibition of insulin induced FOXO1 (regulator of gluconeogenic genes) degradation persisted even after 48 h of palmitate removal from the culture media. Metabolic memory by palmitate was found to be associated with increased FOXO1 activity as evident from increased expression of FOXO1 target genes such as PDK4, p21, G6Pc and IGFBP1. To understand the reason for prolonged activation of FOXO1 and its target genes, chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) was performed with histone H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 antibodies. ChIP assay shows persistent increase in abundance of histone H3K36me2 on promoter region of FOXO1. We also show decreased abundance of histone H3K27me3 on promoter region of FOXO1, in the kidneys of HFD fed rats, which persisted even after 8 weeks of diet reversal. Taken together, we provide first evidence that circulating lipids generate metabolic memory possibly by altering the abundance of histone H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 on FOXO1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Himani Pamulapati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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91
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Junien C, Panchenko P, Pirola L, Amarger V, Kaeffer B, Parnet P, Torrisani J, Bolaños Jimenez F, Jammes H, Gabory A. [The new paradigm of the developmental origin of health and diseases (DOHaD)--Epigenetics and environment: evidence and missing links]. Med Sci (Paris) 2016; 32:27-34. [PMID: 26850604 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20163201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the new paradigm of the Developpemental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD), the environmental factors to which an individual is exposed throughout his life can leave an epigenetic footprint on the genome. A crucial period is the early development, where the epigenome is particularly sensitive to the effects of the environment, and during which the individual builds up his health capital that will enable him to respond more or less well to the vagaries of life. The research challenge is to decipher the modes of action and the epigenetic mechanisms put into play by environmental factors that lead to increased disease susceptibility or resilience. The challenge for health is to translate these scientific discoveries into action through, among others, the establishment of preventive recommendations to slow down the growing incidence of non communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Junien
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Polina Panchenko
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Valérie Amarger
- UMR 1280 Inra université de Nantes, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Kaeffer
- UMR 1280 Inra université de Nantes, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Parnet
- UMR 1280 Inra université de Nantes, Institut des maladies de l'appareil digestif, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Torrisani
- Inserm UMR1037, Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Toulouse, université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, F-31037 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hélène Jammes
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- Inra, UMR1198, biologie du développement et reproduction, Domaine de Vilvert, Bâtiment 230, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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92
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Davoudi S, Sobrin L. Novel Genetic Actors of Diabetes-Associated Microvascular Complications: Retinopathy, Kidney Disease and Neuropathy. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 12:243-59. [PMID: 26859656 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2015.12.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus can lead to the common microvascular complications of diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy. Diabetic patients do not universally develop these complications. Long duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control explain a lot of the variability in the development of microvascular complications, but not all. Genetic factors account for some of the remaining variability because of the heritability and familial clustering of these complications. There have been a large number of investigations, including linkage studies, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies, all of which have sought to identify the specific variants that increase susceptibility. For retinopathy, several genome-wide association studies have been performed in small or midsize samples, but no reproducible loci across the studies have been identified. For diabetic kidney disease, genome-wide association studies in larger samples have been performed, and loci for this complication are beginning to emerge. However, validation of the existing discoveries, and further novel discoveries in larger samples is ongoing. The amount of genetic research into diabetic neuropathy has been very limited, and much is dedicated to the understanding of genetic risk factors only. Collaborations that pool samples and aim to detect phenotype classifications more precisely are promising avenues for a better explanation of the genetics of diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Davoudi
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lucia Sobrin
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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93
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has become a major health issue worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia induces a low-grade inflammation that, on top of other mechanisms, leads to endothelial dysfunction. Mounting evidence suggests that DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones, and long non-coding RNAs play an important role in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of both macro- and micro-vascular complications of diabetes. Long-term exposure to hyperglycemia induces epigenetic changes that could become irreversible, a phenomenon known as the 'metabolic memory.' Whether epigenetic-based therapies could be used to slow or limit the progression of cardiovascular disease remains unclear. While non-coding RNAs are currently investigated as potential biomarkers that predict diabetic cardiovascular disease incidence and progression, their therapeutic role is only hypothetical. In this review, we highlight the latest findings in experimental and clinical studies relevant to epigenetics and cardiovascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pasquier
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica Hoarau-Véchot
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Fakhro
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arash Rafii
- Stem Cell and Microenvironment Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charbel Abi Khalil
- Cardiovascular Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.
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94
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Majumder S, Advani A. The epigenetic regulation of podocyte function in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:1337-44. [PMID: 26344726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia early in the course of diabetes confers a sustained increase in the risk of complications development. In recent years, efforts to understand the molecular basis for this "metabolic memory" have focused on epigenetic mechanisms as a means by which transient high glucose can cause persistent and propagated changes in cell function. For instance, in vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and peripheral blood cells, temporary exposure to high glucose causes changes in epigenetic marks that promote a shift towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. However, the influence of epigenetic processes in complications development extends beyond their contribution to metabolic memory. Podocytes, for example, are terminally differentiated cells of the renal glomerulus whose injury is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of nephropathy. Over recent months, several reports have emerged describing the essential actions of histone-modifying enzymes and DNA methylation patterns (the two principal epigenetic mechanisms) in maintaining podocyte integrity, especially under diabetic conditions. Here, we review the known and potential role of epigenetic processes within podocytes, focusing on the evidence linking these processes to oxidative stress, crosstalk with tubule cells, autophagy and slit-pore protein expression. Whether podocytes themselves exhibit a metabolic memory awaits to be seen.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Autophagy
- DNA Methylation
- Diabetes Complications/genetics
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Evidence-Based Medicine
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Histones/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Oxidative Stress
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
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Affiliation(s)
- Syamantak Majumder
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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95
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Rønningen T, Shah A, Reiner AH, Collas P, Moskaug JØ. Epigenetic priming of inflammatory response genes by high glucose in adipose progenitor cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:979-86. [PMID: 26462465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism confers wide-spread epigenetic modifications required for regulation of transcriptional networks that determine cellular states. Mesenchymal stromal cells are responsive to metabolic cues including circulating glucose levels and modulate inflammatory responses. We show here that long term exposure of undifferentiated human adipose tissue stromal cells (ASCs) to high glucose upregulates a subset of inflammation response (IR) genes and alters their promoter histone methylation patterns in a manner consistent with transcriptional de-repression. Modeling of chromatin states from combinations of histone modifications in nearly 500 IR genes unveil three overarching chromatin configurations reflecting repressive, active, and potentially active states in promoter and enhancer elements. Accordingly, we show that adipogenic differentiation in high glucose predominantly upregulates IR genes. Our results indicate that elevated extracellular glucose levels sensitize in ASCs an IR gene expression program which is exacerbated during adipocyte differentiation. We propose that high glucose exposure conveys an epigenetic 'priming' of IR genes, favoring a transcriptional inflammatory response upon adipogenic stimulation. Chromatin alterations at IR genes by high glucose exposure may play a role in the etiology of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Rønningen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Akshay Shah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew H Reiner
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Philippe Collas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jan Øivind Moskaug
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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96
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Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression allows the organism to respond/adapt to environmental conditions without changing the gene coding sequence. Epigenetic modifications have also been found to control gene expression in various diseases, including diabetes. Epigenetic changes induced by hyperglycemia in multiple target organs contribute to metabolic memory of diabetic complications. The long-lasting development of diabetic complications even after achieving glucose control has been partly attributed to epigenetic changes in target cells. Specific epigenetic drugs might rescue chromatin conformation associated to hyperglycemia possibly slowing down the onset of diabetes-related complications. The current review will describe the updated epigenetics in diabetes that can be used to personalize a more focused treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fodor
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela Cozma
- University of Medicine & Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eddy Karnieli
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Galil Center for Personalized Medicine & Medical Informatics, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
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97
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Ma RCW. Genetics of cardiovascular and renal complications in diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2015; 7:139-54. [PMID: 27042264 PMCID: PMC4773661 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of debilitating complications represents a major heathcare burden associated with the treatment of diabetes. Despite advances in new therapies for controlling hyperglycemia, the burden associated with diabetic complications remains high, especially in relation to cardiovascular and renal complications. Furthermore, an increasing proportion of patients develop type 2 diabetes at a younger age, putting them at higher risk of developing complications as a result of the increased exposure to hyperglycemia. Diabetes has become the main contributing cause to end‐stage renal disease in most countries. Although there has been important breakthroughs in our understanding of the genetics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, bringing important insights towards the pathogenesis of diabetes, there has been comparatively less progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of diabetic complications. Genome‐wide association studies are beginning to expand our understanding of the genetic architecture relating to diabetic complications. Improved understanding of the genetic basis of diabetic cardiorenal complications might provide an opportunity for improved risk prediction, as well as the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
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98
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Gene Network Analysis of Glucose Linked Signaling Pathways and Their Role in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Growth and Survival in HuH7 and HepG2 Cell Lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:821761. [PMID: 26380295 PMCID: PMC4561296 DOI: 10.1155/2015/821761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression may be affected by metabolism. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of glucose on the proliferation and/or survival of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Human gene datasets regulated by glucose were compared to gene datasets either dysregulated in HCC or regulated by other signaling pathways. Significant numbers of common genes suggested putative involvement in transcriptional regulations by glucose. Real-time proliferation assays using high (4.5 g/L) versus low (1 g/L) glucose on two human HCC cell lines and specific inhibitors of selected pathways were used for experimental validations. High glucose promoted HuH7 cell proliferation but not that of HepG2 cell line. Gene network analyses suggest that gene transcription by glucose could be mediated at 92% through ChREBP in HepG2 cells, compared to 40% in either other human cells or rodent healthy liver, with alteration of LKB1 (serine/threonine kinase 11) and NOX (NADPH oxidases) signaling pathways and loss of transcriptional regulation of PPARGC1A (peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors gamma coactivator 1) target genes by high glucose. Both PPARA and PPARGC1A regulate transcription of genes commonly regulated by glycolysis, by the antidiabetic agent metformin and by NOX, suggesting their major interplay in the control of HCC progression.
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99
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Park LK, Maione AG, Smith A, Gerami-Naini B, Iyer LK, Mooney DJ, Veves A, Garlick JA. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identifies a metabolic memory profile in patient-derived diabetic foot ulcer fibroblasts. Epigenetics 2015; 9:1339-49. [PMID: 25437049 PMCID: PMC4622843 DOI: 10.4161/15592294.2014.967584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of diabetes. Previous exposure to hyperglycemic conditions accelerates a decline in cellular function through metabolic memory despite normalization of glycemic control. Persistent, hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic patterns are considered a central mechanism that activates metabolic memory; however, this has not been investigated in patient-derived fibroblasts from DFUs. We generated a cohort of patient-derived lines from DFU fibroblasts (DFUF), and site- and age-matched diabetic foot fibroblasts (DFF) and non-diabetic foot fibroblasts (NFF) to investigate global and genome-wide DNA methylation patterns using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K array. DFFs and DFUFs demonstrated significantly lower global DNA methylation compared to NFFs (p = 0.03). Hierarchical clustering of differentially methylated probes (DMPs, p = 0.05) showed that DFFs and DFUFs cluster together and separately from NFFs. Twenty-five percent of the same probes were identified as DMPs when individually comparing DFF and DFUF to NFF. Functional annotation identified enrichment of DMPs associated with genes critical to wound repair, including angiogenesis (p = 0.07) and extracellular matrix assembly (p = 0.035). Identification of sustained DNA methylation patterns in patient-derived fibroblasts after prolonged passage in normoglycemic conditions demonstrates persistent metabolic memory. These findings suggest that epigenetic-related metabolic memory may also underlie differences in wound healing phenotypes and can potentially identify therapeutic targets.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
- BMP, Bone Morphogenic Protein
- COL4A1, Collagen 4A1
- DAVID, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrative Discovery
- DCCT, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
- DFF, Diabetic Foot Fibroblast
- DFU, Diabetic Foot Ulcer
- DFUF, Diabetic Foot Ulcer Fibroblast
- DHS, DNase Hypersensitive Site
- DMP, Differentially Methylated Probe
- DNA methylation
- ECM, Extracellular Matrix
- EDIC, Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications
- ENCODE, Encyclopedia of DNA Elements
- FGF1, Fibroblast Growth Factor 1
- HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c
- NFF, Non-diabetic Foot Fibroblast
- NHLF, Normal Human Lung Fibroblast
- PLAU, Plasminogen Activator Urokinase
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- TFBS, Transcription Factor Binding Site
- TGFb, Transforming Growth Factor b
- TNFa, Tumor Necrosis Factor a
- TSS, Transcription Start Site
- UTR, Untranslated Region.
- dNTPs, deoxynucleotide
- diabetes
- diabetic foot ulcer
- epigenetics
- fibroblast
- metabolic memory
- wound healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara K Park
- a Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology ; Oral Medicine and Craniofacial Pain ; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine ; Boston , MA USA
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100
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Babu M, Durga Devi T, Mäkinen P, Kaikkonen M, Lesch HP, Junttila S, Laiho A, Ghimire B, Gyenesei A, Ylä-Herttuala S. Differential Promoter Methylation of Macrophage Genes Is Associated With Impaired Vascular Growth in Ischemic Muscles of Hyperlipidemic and Type 2 Diabetic Mice: Genome-Wide Promoter Methylation Study. Circ Res 2015; 117:289-99. [PMID: 26085133 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) severely impair adaptive vascular growth responses in ischemic muscles. This is largely attributed to dysregulated gene expression, although details of the changes are unknown. OBJECTIVE To define the role of promoter methylation in adaptive vascular growth in hyperlipidemia (LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100)) and T2DM (IGF-II/LDLR(-/-)ApoB(100/100)) mouse models of hindlimb ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Unilateral hindlimb ischemia was induced by ligating femoral artery. Perfusion was assessed using ultrasound, and capillary and arteriole parameters were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Genome-wide methylated DNA sequencing was performed with DNA isolated from ischemic muscle, tissue macrophages (Mϕs), and endothelial cells. Compared with the controls, hyperlipidemia and T2DM mice showed impaired perfusion recovery, which was associated with impaired angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Genome-wide proximal promoter DNA methylation analysis suggested differential patterns of methylation in Mϕ genes in ischemic muscles. Classically activated M1-Mϕ gene promoters, including Cfb, Serping1, and Tnfsf15, were significantly hypomethylated, whereas alternatively activated M2-Mϕ gene promoters, including Nrp1, Cxcr4, Plxnd1, Arg1, Cdk18, and Fes, were significantly hypermethylated in Mϕs isolated from hyperlipidemia and T2DM ischemic muscles compared with controls. These results combined with mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry showed the predominance of proinflammatory M1-Mϕs, compared with anti-inflammatory and proangiogenic M2-Mϕs in hyperlipidemia and T2DM ischemic muscles. CONCLUSIONS We found significant promoter hypomethylation of genes typical for proinflammatory M1-Mϕs and hypermethylation of anti-inflammatory, proangiogenic M2-Mϕ genes in hyperlipidemia and T2DM ischemic muscles. Epigenetic alterations modify Mϕ phenotype toward proinflammatory M1 as opposed to anti-inflammatory, proangiogenic, and tissue repair M2 phenotype, which may contribute to the impaired adaptive vascular growth under these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Babu
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Thota Durga Devi
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Petri Mäkinen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Minna Kaikkonen
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Hanna P Lesch
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Sini Junttila
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Asta Laiho
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Bishwa Ghimire
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.)
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- From the Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (M.B., T.D.D., P.M., M.K., H.P.L., S.Y.-H.); Finnish Microarray and Sequencing Centre, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Turku, Finland (S.J., A.L., B.G., A.G.); and Science Service Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland (S.Y.-H.).
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