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Jain P, Bhatla SC. Molecular mechanisms accompanying nitric oxide signalling through tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation of proteins in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:70-82. [PMID: 32291022 DOI: 10.1071/fp16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) signalling in plants is responsible for modulation of a variety of plant developmental processes. Depending on the tissue system, the signalling of NO-modulated biochemical responses majorly involves the processes of tyrosine nitration or S-nitrosylation of specific proteins/enzymes. It has further been observed that there is a significant impact of various biotic/abiotic stress conditions on the extent of tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation of various metabolic enzymes, which may act as a positive or negative modulator of the specific routes associated with adaptive mechanisms employed by plants under the said stress conditions. In addition to recent findings on the modulation of enzymes of primary metabolism by NO through these two biochemical mechanisms, a major mechanism for regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under stress conditions has also been found to be through tyrosine nitration or S-nitrosylation of ROS-scavenging enzymes. Recent investigations have further highlighted the differential manner in which the ROS-scavenging enzymes may be S-nitrosylated and tyrosine nitrated, with reference to their tissue distribution. Keeping in mind the very recent findings on these aspects, the present review has been prepared to provide an analytical view on the significance of protein tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jain
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Formentin E, Sudiro C, Ronci MB, Locato V, Barizza E, Stevanato P, Ijaz B, Zottini M, De Gara L, Lo Schiavo F. H 2O 2 Signature and Innate Antioxidative Profile Make the Difference Between Sensitivity and Tolerance to Salt in Rice Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1549. [PMID: 30405678 PMCID: PMC6206305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt tolerance is a complex trait that varies between and within species. H2O2 profiles as well as antioxidative systems have been investigated in the cultured cells of rice obtained from Italian rice varieties with different salt tolerance. Salt stress highlighted differences in extracellular and intracellular H2O2 profiles in the two cell cultures. The tolerant variety had innate reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems that enabled ROS, in particular H2O2, to act as a signal molecule rather than a damaging one. Different intracellular H2O2 profiles were also observed: in tolerant cells, an early and narrow peak was detected at 5 min; while in sensitive cells, a large peak was associated with cell death. Likewise, the transcription factor salt-responsive ethylene responsive factor 1 (TF SERF1), which is known for being regulated by H2O2, showed a different expression profile in the two cell lines. Notably, similar H2O2 profiles and cell fates were also obtained when exogenous H2O2 was produced by glucose/glucose oxidase (GOX) treatment. Under salt stress, the tolerant variety also exhibited rapid upregulation of K+ transporter genes in order to deal with K+/Na+ impairment. This upregulation was not detected in the presence of oxidative stress alone. The importance of the innate antioxidative profile was confirmed by the protective effect of experimentally increased glutathione in salt-treated sensitive cells. Overall, these results underline the importance of specific H2O2 signatures and innate antioxidative systems in modulating ionic and redox homeostasis for salt stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Beatrice Ronci
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Locato
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animal and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura De Gara,
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Złoch M, Kowalkowski T, Tyburski J, Hrynkiewicz K. Modeling of phytoextraction efficiency of microbially stimulated Salix dasyclados L. in the soils with different speciation of heavy metals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:1150-1164. [PMID: 28532161 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1328396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation of soils with selected microorganisms during phytoextraction can be the key solution for successful bioremediation and should be accurately calculated for different physicochemical soil properties and heavy metal availability to guarantee the universality of this method. Equally important is the development of an accurate prediction tool to manage phytoremediation process. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of three metallotolerant siderophore-producing Streptomyces sp. B1-B3 strains in the phytoremediation of heavy metals with the use of S. dasyclados L. growing in four metalliferrous soils as well as modeling the efficiency of this process based on physicochemical and microbiological properties of the soils using artificial neural network (ANN) analysis. The bacterial inoculation of plants significantly stimulated plant biomass and reduced oxidative stress. Moreover, the bacteria affected the speciation of heavy metals and finally their mobility, thereby enhancing the uptake and bioaccumulation of Zn, Cd, and Pb in the biomass. The best capacity for phytoextraction was noted for strain B1, which had the highest siderophore secretion ability. Finally, ANN model permitted to predict efficiency of phytoextraction based on both the physicochemical properties of the soils and the activity of the soil microbiota with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Złoch
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
- b Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
- d Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalkowski
- b Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics , Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
- d Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Jarosław Tyburski
- c Plant Physiology and Biotechnology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
- d Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hrynkiewicz
- a Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
- d Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Torun , Poland
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Wang TT, Shi ZQ, Hu LB, Xu XF, Han FX, Zhou LG, Chen J. Thymol Ameliorates Cadmium-Induced Phytotoxicity in the Root of Rice (Oryza sativa) Seedling by Decreasing Endogenous Nitric Oxide Generation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7396-7405. [PMID: 28771007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Thymol has been developed as medicine and food preservative due to its immune-regulatory effect and antimicrobial activity, respectively. However, little is currently known about the role of thymol in the modulation of plant physiology. In the present study, we applied biochemical and histochemical approaches to investigate thymol-induced tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings against Cd (cadmium) stress. Thymol at 20 μM recovered root growth completely upon CdCl2 exposure. Thymol pronouncedly decreased Cd-induced ROS accumulation, oxidative injury, cell death, and Cd2+ accumulation in roots. Pharmaceutical experiments suggested that endogenous NO mediated Cd-induced phytotoxicity. Thymol decreased Cd-induced NO accumulation by suppressing the activity of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) and NR (nitrate reductase) in root. The application of NO donor (SNP, sodium nitroprusside) resulted in the increase in endogenous NO level, which in turn compromised the alleviating effects of thymol on Cd toxicity. Such findings may helpful to illustrate the novel role of thymol in the modulation of plant physiology, which may be applicable to improve crop stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wang
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210064, China
| | - Zhi Qi Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210064, China
| | - Liang-Bin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210064, China
| | - Fengxiang X Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University , Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Li-Gang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang 453003, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry , Nanjing 210014, China
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55
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Weremczuk A, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Antosiewicz DM. NO-Dependent programmed cell death is involved in the formation of Zn-related lesions in tobacco leaves. Metallomics 2017; 9:924-935. [PMID: 28607992 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A recent study indicated that the development of lesions on the leaf blades of tobacco exposed to zinc (Zn) excess can be considered a manifestation of a Zn-tolerance strategy at the organ level. Here, we investigated whether cell death leading to the formation of localized lesions is destructive in character (necrosis type) or results from programmed self-induced cell death (PCD). Selected parameters, including PCD markers, were determined in the leaves from tobacco plants grown in the presence of 200 μM Zn and compared with control conditions. TUNEL assay results showing internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in the nuclei of the cells from Zn-exposed leaves, together with an enhanced expression of three PCD marker genes (NtBI-1, Ntrboh, and NtSIPK), indicated the involvement of PCD in the formation of Zn-related lesions. It is known that NO is a key factor in the execution of PCD. Interestingly, upon exposure to high Zn, in situ localization of NO (visualized using DAF-2DA fluorescence) was restricted to groups of mesophyll cells, and was correlated with the pattern of Zn localization (determined using the fluorophore Zinpyr-1), similarly limited primarily to groups of "Zn accumulating cells". Furthermore, inhibition of the formation of lesions in the presence of l-NAME (an NO synthase inhibitor) was accompanied by the delayed appearance of Zn and by NO localization limited to these groups of cells. Altogether, we provide the first demonstration that Zn-related lesions in leaves develop from groups of mesophyll cells in which accumulation of high concentrations of Zn contributes to enhancement of the NO level and to initiation of PCD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Weremczuk
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Miecznikowa str 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland.
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56
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Souri Z, Karimi N, Sandalio LM. Arsenic Hyperaccumulation Strategies: An Overview. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:67. [PMID: 28770198 PMCID: PMC5513893 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution, which is on the increase around the world, poses a growing threat to the environment. Phytoremediation, an important green technology, uses different strategies, including As uptake, transport, translocation, and detoxification, to remediate this metalloid. Arsenic hyperaccumulator plants have developed various strategies to accumulate and tolerate high concentrations of As. In these plants, the formation of AsIII complexes with GSH and phytochelatins and their transport into root and shoot vacuoles constitute important mechanisms for coping with As stress. The oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is one of the principal toxic effects of As; moreover, the strong antioxidative defenses in hyperaccumulator plants could constitute an important As detoxification strategy. On the other hand, nitric oxide activates antioxidant enzyme and phytochelatins biosynthesis which enhances As stress tolerance in plants. Although several studies have focused on transcription, metabolomics, and proteomic changes in plants induced by As, the mechanisms involved in As transport, translocation, and detoxification in hyperaccumulator plants need to be studied in greater depth. This review updates recent progress made in the study of As uptake, translocation, chelation, and detoxification in As hyperaccumulator plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi UniversityKermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi UniversityKermanshah, Iran
| | - Luisa M. Sandalio
- Laboratory of Oxygen and Nitrogen Species Signalling Under Plant Stress Conditions, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasGranada, Spain
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57
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He H, Huang W, Oo TL, Gu M, He LF. Nitric oxide inhibits aluminum-induced programmed cell death in peanut (Arachis hypoganea L.) root tips. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 333:285-292. [PMID: 28371714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It had been reported that Aluminum (Al) stress altered nitric oxide (NO) concentration and induced programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. However, the relationship between NO and PCD occurrence under Al stress is unclear. The results showed that cell death induced by Al was significant negative correlation with the inhibition of Al on root elongation growth in peanut. AlCl3 at 100μmolL-1 induced DNA ladder, chromatin condensation, typical apoptotic chromatin condensation staining with DAPI, apoptosis related gene Hrs203j expression and caspase3-like protease activation in peanut root tip cells, and showed that Al-induced cell death in peanut root tip cells was a typical PCD. Exogenous NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at 200μmolL-1 inhibited Al-induced PCD occurrence, but NO specific scavenger cPTIO aggravated PCD production. It suggests that NO is a negative regulator of Al-induced PCD in peanut root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Thet Lwin Oo
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Minghua Gu
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Long-Fei He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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58
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Mengel A, Ageeva A, Georgii E, Bernhardt J, Wu K, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Nitric Oxide Modulates Histone Acetylation at Stress Genes by Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1434-1452. [PMID: 27980017 PMCID: PMC5291017 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation, which is an important mechanism to regulate gene expression, is controlled by the opposing action of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In animals, several HDACs are subjected to regulation by nitric oxide (NO); in plants, however, it is unknown whether NO affects histone acetylation. We found that treatment with the physiological NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) increased the abundance of several histone acetylation marks in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which was strongly diminished in the presence of the NO scavenger 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. This increase was likely triggered by NO-dependent inhibition of HDAC activity, since GSNO and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine significantly and reversibly reduced total HDAC activity in vitro (in nuclear extracts) and in vivo (in protoplasts). Next, genome-wide H3K9/14ac profiles in Arabidopsis seedlings were generated by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, and changes induced by GSNO, GSNO/2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide or trichostatin A (an HDAC inhibitor) were quantified, thereby identifying genes that display putative NO-regulated histone acetylation. Functional classification of these genes revealed that many of them are involved in the plant defense response and the abiotic stress response. Furthermore, salicylic acid, which is the major plant defense hormone against biotrophic pathogens, inhibited HDAC activity and increased histone acetylation by inducing endogenous NO production. These data suggest that NO affects histone acetylation by targeting and inhibiting HDAC complexes, resulting in the hyperacetylation of specific genes. This mechanism might operate in the plant stress response by facilitating the stress-induced transcription of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mengel
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany (A.M., A.A., E.G., J.D., C.L.)
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (J.B.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.); and
- Department of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (J.D.)
| | - Alexandra Ageeva
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany (A.M., A.A., E.G., J.D., C.L.)
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (J.B.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.); and
- Department of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (J.D.)
| | - Elisabeth Georgii
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany (A.M., A.A., E.G., J.D., C.L.)
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (J.B.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.); and
- Department of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (J.D.)
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany (A.M., A.A., E.G., J.D., C.L.)
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (J.B.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.); and
- Department of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (J.D.)
| | - Keqiang Wu
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany (A.M., A.A., E.G., J.D., C.L.)
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (J.B.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.); and
- Department of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (J.D.)
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany (A.M., A.A., E.G., J.D., C.L.)
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (J.B.)
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.); and
- Department of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (J.D.)
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Munich/Neuherberg, Germany (A.M., A.A., E.G., J.D., C.L.);
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany (J.B.);
- Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.); and
- Department of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany (J.D.)
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Ye XF, Xue Y, Ling T, Wang Y, Yu XN, Cheng C, Feng G, Hu L, Shi Z, Chen J. Cinnamaldehyde Ameliorates Cadmium-Inhibited Root Elongation in Tobacco Seedlings via Decreasing Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Production. Molecules 2016; 22:E15. [PMID: 28029133 PMCID: PMC6155710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) is natural plant-derived compound that has been highly appreciated for its medicinal properties. However, little information is known about the regulation of plant intrinsic physiology by CA. To address these gaps, physiological, histochemical, and biochemical approaches were applied to investigate CA-facilitated cadmium (Cd) tolerance in the roots of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. Treatment with CdCl₂ at 20 μM for 72 h resulted in the significant decrease in root elongation by 40.39% as compared to control. CA alleviated Cd-inhibited root elongation in dose- and time-dependent manners. The addition of CA at 20 μM induced significant increase in root elongation by 42.58% as compared to Cd treatment alone. CA abolished Cd-induced ROS (reactive oxygen species) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, loss of membrane integrity, cell death, and free Cd2+ accumulation in roots. CA blocked the Cd-induced increase in the endogenous H₂S level through the down-regulation of d-cysteine desulfhydrase (DCD) expression. H₂S scavenger hypotaurine (HT) or potent H₂S-biosynthetic inhibitor dl-propargylglicine (PAG) were able mimic the action of CA on the blockade of Cd-induced H₂S accumulation, cell death, and growth inhibition. Enhancement of the endogenous H₂S level with NaHS (H₂S donor) abrogated all the beneficial capabilities of CA, HT, and PAG. Collectively, these results suggest that CA has great potential to confer plant tolerance against Cd stress, which is closely associated with its capability to inhibit Cd-induced H₂S production. This study not only provides evidences for the regulation of plant physiology by CA but also sheds new light on the cross-talk between CA and H₂S in physiological modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-Feng Ye
- Tobacco Science College/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yanfeng Xue
- Nanjing Yangzi Modern Agriculture Investment and Development Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China.
| | - Tianxiao Ling
- Tobacco Science College/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Chongqing Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing 400023, China.
| | - Xiao-Na Yu
- Tobacco Science College/National Tobacco Cultivation and Physiology and Biochemistry Research Centre/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Changxin Cheng
- Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Group Co. Ltd., Kunming 650231, China.
| | - Guosheng Feng
- Henan Tobacco Corporation Queshan Branch, Queshan 463200, China.
| | - Liangbin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Zhiqi Shi
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing 210014, China.
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60
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Luo ZB, He J, Polle A, Rennenberg H. Heavy metal accumulation and signal transduction in herbaceous and woody plants: Paving the way for enhancing phytoremediation efficiency. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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61
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Wang X, Yi M, Liu H, Han Y, Yi H. Reactive oxygen species and Ca 2+ are involved in cadmium-induced cell killing in yeast cells. Can J Microbiol 2016; 63:153-159. [PMID: 27995805 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals. It is of great environmental concern and its toxicity has been investigated in a variety of cells. In this study, we elucidated the toxic effects of Cd in cells of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Our results showed that Cd2+ (0.05-5.0 mmol·L-1) significantly inhibited yeast cell growth, and the inhibitory effect was positively correlated with Cd2+ concentrations. Cd2+ caused loss of yeast cell viability in a concentration- and duration-dependent manner. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ levels increased in yeast cells after exposure to 5.0 mmol·L-1 Cd for 6 h. Cd2+-caused cell viability loss was blocked by antioxidants (0.5 mmol·L-1 ascorbic acid or 500 U·mL-1 catalase) or Ca2+ antagonists (0.5 mmol·L-1 ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid or 0.5 mmol·L-1 LaCl3). Moreover, a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was observed in Cd2+-treated yeast cells. These results indicate that Cd-induced yeast cell killing was associated with the elevation of intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels and also the loss of ΔΨm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansha Han
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilan Yi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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62
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Imtiaz M, Mushtaq MA, Rizwan MS, Arif MS, Yousaf B, Ashraf M, Shuanglian X, Rizwan M, Mehmood S, Tu S. Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activities and DNA damage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes exposed to vanadium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19787-19796. [PMID: 27411539 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was done to elucidate the effects of vanadium (V) on photosynthetic pigments, membrane damage, antioxidant enzymes, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity in the following chickpea genotypes: C-44 (tolerant) and Balkasar (sensitive). Changes in these parameters were strikingly dependent on levels of V, at 60 and 120 mg V L(-1) induced DNA damage in Balkasar only, while photosynthetic pigments and protein were decreased from 15 to 120 mg V L(-1) and membrane was also damaged. It was shown that photosynthetic pigments and protein production declined from 15 to 120 mg V L(-1) and the membrane was also damaged, while DNA damage was not observed at any level of V stress in C-44. Moreover, the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) were increased in both genotypes of chickpea against V stress; however, more activities were observed in C-44 than Balkasar. The results suggest that DNA damage in sensitive genotypes can be triggered due to exposure of higher vanadium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imtiaz
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Mushtaq
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Xiong Shuanglian
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuxin Tu
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Jingzhou, 434023, China.
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63
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Hu Y. Early generation of nitric oxide contributes to copper tolerance through reducing oxidative stress and cell death in hulless barley roots. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:963-978. [PMID: 27294966 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0841-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the specific role of nitric oxide (NO) in the early response of hulless barley roots to copper (Cu) stress. We used the fluorescent probe diaminofluorescein-FM diacetate to establish NO localization, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-special labeling and histochemical procedures for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root apex. An early production of NO was observed in Cu-treated root tips of hulless barley, but the detection of NO levels was decreased by supplementation with a NO scavenger, 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (c-PTIO). Application of sodium nitroprusside (a NO donor) relieved Cu-induced root inhibition, ROS accumulation and oxidative damage, while c-PTIO treatment had a synergistic effect with Cu and further enhanced ROS levels and oxidative stress. In addition, the Cu-dependent increase in activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were further enhanced by exogenous NO, but application of c-PTIO decreased the activities of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase in Cu-treated roots. Subsequently, cell death was observed in root tips and was identified as a type of programed cell death (PCD) by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. The addition of NO prevented the increase of cell death in root tips, whereas inhibiting NO accumulation further increased the number of cells undergoing PCD. These results revealed that NO production is an early response of hulless barley roots to Cu stress and that NO contributes to Cu tolerance in hulless barley possibly by modulating antioxidant defense, subsequently reducing oxidative stress and PCD in root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China.
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64
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Ji Y, Liu J, Xing D. Low concentrations of salicylic acid delay methyl jasmonate-induced leaf senescence by up-regulating nitric oxide synthase activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5233-45. [PMID: 27440938 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plants, extensive efforts have been devoted to understanding the crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in pathogen defenses, but this crosstalk has scarcely been addressed during senescence. In this study, the effect of SA application on methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced leaf senescence was assessed. We found that low concentrations of SA (1-50 μM) played a delayed role against the senescence promoted by MeJA. Furthermore, low concentrations of SA enhanced plant antioxidant defenses and restricted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in MeJA-treated leaves. When applied simultaneously with MeJA, low concentrations of SA triggered a nitric oxide (NO) burst, and the elevated NO levels were linked to the nitric oxide associated 1 (NOA1)-dependent pathway via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. The ability of SA to up-regulate plant antioxidant defenses, reduce ROS accumulation, and suppress leaf senescence was lost in NO-deficient Atnoa1 plants. In a converse manner, exogenous addition of NO donors increased the plant antioxidant capacity and lowered the ROS levels in MeJA-treated leaves. Taken together, the results indicate that SA at low concentrations counteracts MeJA-induced leaf senescence through NOA1-dependent NO signaling and strengthening of the antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbin Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jian Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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65
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Heikal L, Starr A, Martin GP, Nandi M, Dailey LA. In vivo pharmacological activity and biodistribution of S-nitrosophytochelatins after intravenous and intranasal administration in mice. Nitric Oxide 2016; 59:1-9. [PMID: 27350118 PMCID: PMC5045922 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosophytochelatins (SNOPCs) are novel analogues of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) with the advantage of carrying varying ratios of S-nitrosothiol (SNO) moieties per molecule. Our aim was to investigate the in vivo pharmacological potency and biodistribution of these new GSNO analogues after intravenous (i.v.) and intranasal (i.n.) administration in mice. SNOPCs with either two or six SNO groups and GSNO were synthesized and characterized for purity. Compounds were administered i.v. or i.n. at 1 μmol NO/kg body weight to CD-1 mice. Blood pressure was measured and biodistribution studies of total nitrate and nitrite species (NOx) and phytochelatins were performed after i.v. administration. At equivalent doses of NO, it was observed that SNOPC-6 generated a rapid and significantly greater reduction in blood pressure (∼60% reduction compared to saline) whereas GSNO and SNOPC-2 only achieved a 30-35% decrease. The reduction in blood pressure was transient and recovered to baseline levels within ∼2 min for all compounds. NOx species were transiently elevated (over 5 min) in the plasma, lung, heart and liver. Interestingly, a size-dependent phytochelatin accumulation was observed in several tissues including the heart, lungs, kidney, brain and liver. Biodistribution profiles of NOx were also obtained after i.n. administration, showing significant lung retention of NOx over 15 min with minor systemic increases observed from 5 to 15 min. In summary, this study has revealed interesting in vivo pharmacological properties of SNOPCs, with regard to their dramatic hypotensive effects and differing biodistribution patterns following two different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Heikal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Anna Starr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Gary P Martin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Manasi Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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66
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Shen Q, Zhou W, Li H, Hu L, Mo H. ROS Involves the Fungicidal Actions of Thymol against Spores of Aspergillus flavus via the Induction of Nitric Oxide. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155647. [PMID: 27196096 PMCID: PMC4872997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a well-known pathogenic fungus for both crops and human beings. The acquisition of resistance to azoles by A. flavus is leading to more failures occurring in the prevention of infection by A. flavus. In this study, we found that thymol, one of the major chemical constituents of the essential oil of Monarda punctate, had efficient fungicidal activity against A. flavus and led to sporular lysis. Further studies indicated that thymol treatment induced the generation of both ROS and NO in spores, whereas NO accumulation was far later than ROS accumulation in response to thymol. By blocking ROS production with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, NO generation was also significantly inhibited in the presence of thymol, which indicated that ROS induced NO generation in A. flavus in response to thymol treatment. Moreover, the removal of either ROS or NO attenuated lysis and death of spores exposed to thymol. The addition of SNP (exogenous NO donor) eliminated the protective effects of the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase on thymol-induced lysis and death of spores. Taken together, it could be concluded that ROS is involved in spore death induced by thymol via the induction of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Shen
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liangbin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haizhen Mo
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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67
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Cuypers A, Hendrix S, Amaral dos Reis R, De Smet S, Deckers J, Gielen H, Jozefczak M, Loix C, Vercampt H, Vangronsveld J, Keunen E. Hydrogen Peroxide, Signaling in Disguise during Metal Phytotoxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:470. [PMID: 27199999 PMCID: PMC4843763 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to excess metals are challenged by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide ([Formula: see text]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical ((•)OH). The mechanisms underlying this oxidative challenge are often dependent on metal-specific properties and might play a role in stress perception, signaling and acclimation. Although ROS were initially considered as toxic compounds causing damage to various cellular structures, their role as signaling molecules became a topic of intense research over the last decade. Hydrogen peroxide in particular is important in signaling because of its relatively low toxicity, long lifespan and its ability to cross cellular membranes. The delicate balance between its production and scavenging by a plethora of enzymatic and metabolic antioxidants is crucial in the onset of diverse signaling cascades that finally lead to plant acclimation to metal stress. In this review, our current knowledge on the dual role of ROS in metal-exposed plants is presented. Evidence for a relationship between H2O2 and plant metal tolerance is provided. Furthermore, emphasis is put on recent advances in understanding cellular damage and downstream signaling responses as a result of metal-induced H2O2 production. Finally, special attention is paid to the interaction between H2O2 and other signaling components such as transcription factors, mitogen-activated protein kinases, phytohormones and regulating systems (e.g. microRNAs). These responses potentially underlie metal-induced senescence in plants. Elucidating the signaling network activated during metal stress is a pivotal step to make progress in applied technologies like phytoremediation of polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt UniversityDiepenbeek, Belgium
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68
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Farnese FS, Menezes-Silva PE, Gusman GS, Oliveira JA. When Bad Guys Become Good Ones: The Key Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide in the Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:471. [PMID: 27148300 PMCID: PMC4828662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The natural environment of plants is composed of a complex set of abiotic stresses and their ability to respond to these stresses is highly flexible and finely balanced through the interaction between signaling molecules. In this review, we highlight the integrated action between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), particularly nitric oxide (NO), involved in the acclimation to different abiotic stresses. Under stressful conditions, the biosynthesis transport and the metabolism of ROS and NO influence plant response mechanisms. The enzymes involved in ROS and NO synthesis and scavenging can be found in different cells compartments and their temporal and spatial locations are determinant for signaling mechanisms. Both ROS and NO are involved in long distances signaling (ROS wave and GSNO transport), promoting an acquired systemic acclimation to abiotic stresses. The mechanisms of abiotic stresses response triggered by ROS and NO involve some general steps, as the enhancement of antioxidant systems, but also stress-specific mechanisms, according to the stress type (drought, hypoxia, heavy metals, etc.), and demand the interaction with other signaling molecules, such as MAPK, plant hormones, and calcium. The transduction of ROS and NO bioactivity involves post-translational modifications of proteins, particularly S-glutathionylation for ROS, and S-nitrosylation for NO. These changes may alter the activity, stability, and interaction with other molecules or subcellular location of proteins, changing the entire cell dynamics and contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis. However, despite the recent advances about the roles of ROS and NO in signaling cascades, many challenges remain, and future studies focusing on the signaling of these molecules in planta are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. Farnese
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo E. Menezes-Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Campus Rio VerdeGoiás, Brazil
| | - Grasielle S. Gusman
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry, Univiçosa – Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da SaúdeViçosa, Brazil
| | - Juraci A. Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Universidade Federal de ViçosaViçosa, Brazil
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69
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Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Alam MM, Rahman A, Suzuki T, Fujita M. Polyamine and nitric oxide crosstalk: Antagonistic effects on cadmium toxicity in mung bean plants through upregulating the metal detoxification, antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 126:245-255. [PMID: 26773834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious agricultural and environmental hazard. The study investigates cross-protection roles of putrescine (Put, 0.2 mM) and nitric oxide (sodium nitroprusside; SNP, 1 mM) in conferring Cd (CdCl2, 1.5 mM) tolerance in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. cv. BARI Mung-2) seedlings. Cadmium stress increased root and shoot Cd content, reduced growth, destroyed chlorophyll (chl), modulated proline (Pro) and reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), increased oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation, H2O2 content, O2(∙-) generation rate, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity], methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity. Put and/or SNP reduced Cd uptake, increasd phytochelatin (PC) content, reduced oxidative damage enhancing non-enzymatic antioxidants (AsA and GSH) and activities of enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)]. Exogenous Put and/or SNP modulated endogenous polyamines, PAs (putrescine, Put; spermidine, Spd; spermine, Spm), and NO; improved glyoxalase system in detoxifying MG and improved physiology and growth where combined application showed better effects which designates possible crosstalk between NO and PAs to confer Cd-toxicity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrun Nahar
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mahabub Alam
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Toshisada Suzuki
- Biomass Chemistry Laboratory, Bioresource Science for Manufacturing, Department of Applied Bioresource Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Bagniewska-Zadworna A, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M. The mystery of underground death: cell death in roots during ontogeny and in response to environmental factors. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:171-84. [PMID: 26332667 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential part of the ontogeny of roots and their tolerance/resistance mechanisms, allowing adaptation and growth under adverse conditions. It occurs not only at the cellular and subcellular level, but also at the levels of tissues, organs and even whole plants. This process involves a wide spectrum of mechanisms, from signalling and the expression of specific genes to the degradation of cellular structures. The major goals of this review were to broaden current knowledge about PCD processes in roots, and to identify mechanisms associated with both developmental and stress-associated cell death in roots. Vacuolar cell death, when cell contents are removed by a combination of an autophagy-associated process and the release of hydrolases from a collapsed vacuole, is responsible for programming self-destruction. Regardless of the conditions and factors inducing PCD, its subcellular events usually include the accumulation of autophagosome-like structures, and the formation of massive lytic compartments. In some cases these are followed by the nuclear changes of chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Tonoplast disruption and vacuole implosion occur very rapidly, are irreversible and constitute a definitive step toward cell death in roots. Active cell elimination plays an important role in various biological processes in the life history of plants, leading to controlled cellular death during adaptation to changing environmental conditions, and organ remodelling throughout development and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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71
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Wu L, Chen Y, Gao H, Yin J, Huang L. Cadmium-induced cell killing in Sacharomyces cerevisiae involves increases in intracellular NO levels. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw032. [PMID: 26872495 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant and poses some potential risks to human health. However, the signaling events controlling cadmium toxicity are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the effect of cadmium chloride on cell viability and the intracellular nitric oxide (NO) level in yeast cells. The results showed that exposure of yeast cells to cadmium (0-100 μM) could induce cell killing with significantly increased intracellular NO levels. Morphological analysis of the nuclei with 4('),6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and DNA strand breaks analysis showed that cadmium at 50 μM can induce cell apoptosis in yeast cells. Treatment of yeast cells with cadmium (50 μM) and the nitric oxide scavenger c-PTIO [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-teramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide; 0.2 mM] showed that c-PTIO attenuated the cadmium-induced cell killing. Our findings indicated that cadmium-induced yeast cell killing is mediated by a directly increased intracellular NO level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wu
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Huixian Gao
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jingjing Yin
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Radiological and Environmental Medicine, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China
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72
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Yang L, Ji J, Harris-Shultz KR, Wang H, Wang H, Abd-Allah EF, Luo Y, Hu X. The Dynamic Changes of the Plasma Membrane Proteins and the Protective Roles of Nitric Oxide in Rice Subjected to Heavy Metal Cadmium Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:190. [PMID: 26955374 PMCID: PMC4767926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal cadmium is a common environmental contaminant in soils and has adverse effects on crop growth and development. The signaling processes in plants that initiate cellular responses to environmental stress have been shown to be located in the plasma membrane (PM). A better understanding of the PM proteome in response to environmental stress might provide new insights for improving stress-tolerant crops. Nitric oxide (NO) is reported to be involved in the plant response to cadmium (Cd) stress. To further investigate how NO modulates protein changes in the plasma membrane during Cd stress, a quantitative proteomics approach based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was used to identify differentially regulated proteins from the rice plasma membrane after Cd or Cd and NO treatment. Sixty-six differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which, many function as transporters, ATPases, kinases, metabolic enzymes, phosphatases, and phospholipases. Among these, the abundance of phospholipase D (PLD) was altered substantially after the treatment of Cd or Cd and NO. Transient expression of the PLD fused with green fluorescent peptide (GFP) in rice protoplasts showed that the Cd and NO treatment promoted the accumulation of PLD in the plasma membrane. Addition of NO also enhanced Cd-induced PLD activity and the accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) produced through PLD activity. Meanwhile, NO elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and caused the accumulation of glutathione, both which function to reduce Cd-induced H2O2 accumulation. Taken together, we suggest that NO signaling is associated with the accumulation of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione and PA which increases cadmium tolerance in rice via the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environment Protection, Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuaian, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of GeorgiaTifton, GA, USA
- Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceTifton, GA, USA
| | - Jianhui Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environment Protection, Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuaian, China
| | - Karen R. Harris-Shultz
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceTifton, GA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of GeorgiaTifton, GA, USA
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceTifton, GA, USA
| | - Elsayed F. Abd-Allah
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuming Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agriculture Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environment Protection, Huaiyin Normal UniversityHuaian, China
- *Correspondence: Yuming Luo
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai UniversityShanghai, China
- Xiangyang Hu
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73
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Yuan HM, Huang X. Inhibition of root meristem growth by cadmium involves nitric oxide-mediated repression of auxin accumulation and signalling in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:120-35. [PMID: 26138870 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The root is the first plant organ to get in contact with the toxin cadmium (Cd), which is a widespread soil contaminant. Cd inhibits the growth of the primary root, but the mechanisms underlying this inhibition remain elusive. In this study, we used physiological, pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and auxin in Cd-mediated inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem growth. Our study demonstrated that in the first 12 h of exposure, Cd inhibits primary root elongation through a decrease in the sizes of both the elongation and meristematic zones. Following Cd exposure, a decrease in auxin levels is associated with reduced PIN1/3/7 protein accumulation, but not with reduced PIN1/3/7 transcript levels. Additionally, Cd stabilized AXR3/IAA17 protein to repress auxin signalling in this Cd-mediated process. Furthermore, decreasing Cd-induced NO accumulation with either NO-specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) or NO synthase inhibitor N(ω) -nitro-l-Arg-methylester (l-NAME) compromised the Cd-mediated inhibition of root meristem development, reduction in auxin and PIN1/3/7 accumulation, as well as stabilization of AXR3/IAA17, indicating that NO participates in Cd-mediated inhibition of root meristem growth. Taken together, our data suggest that Cd inhibits root meristem growth by NO-mediated repression of auxin accumulation and signalling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Yuan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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Zhu Y, Li Y, Fei F, Wang Z, Wang W, Cao A, Liu Y, Han S, Xing L, Wang H, Chen W, Tang S, Huang X, Shen Q, Xie Q, Wang X. E3 ubiquitin ligase gene CMPG1-V from Haynaldia villosa L. contributes to powdery mildew resistance in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:154-68. [PMID: 26287740 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is one of the most devastating wheat fungal diseases. A diploid wheat relative, Haynaldia villosa L., is highly resistant to powdery mildew, and its genetic resource of resistances, such as the Pm21 locus, is now widely used in wheat breeding. Here we report the cloning of a resistance gene from H. villosa, designated CMPG1-V, that encodes a U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase. Expression of the CMPG1-V gene was induced in the leaf and stem of H. villosa upon inoculation with Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) fungus, and the presence of Pm21 is essential for its rapid induction of expression. CMPG1-V has conserved key residues for E3 ligase, and possesses E3 ligase activity in vitro and in vivo. CMPG1-V is localized in the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane and partially in trans-Golgi network/early endosome vesicles. Transgenic wheat over-expressing CMPG1-V showed improved broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance at seedling and adult stages, associated with an increase in expression of salicylic acid-responsive genes, H2 O2 accumulation, and cell-wall protein cross-linking at the Bgt infection sites, and the expression of CMPG1-V in H. villosa was increased when treated with salicylic acid, abscisic acid and H2 O2 . These results indicate the involvement of E3 ligase in defense responses to Bgt fungus in wheat, particularly in broad-spectrum disease resistance, and suggest association of reactive oxidative species and the phytohormone pathway with CMPG1-V-mediated powdery mildew resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Fei Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Zongkuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Shuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Liping Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qianhua Shen
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
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Sandalio LM, Romero-Puertas MC. Peroxisomes sense and respond to environmental cues by regulating ROS and RNS signalling networks. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:475-85. [PMID: 26070643 PMCID: PMC4577995 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisomes are highly dynamic, metabolically active organelles that used to be regarded as a sink for H2O2 generated in different organelles. However, peroxisomes are now considered to have a more complex function, containing different metabolic pathways, and they are an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Over-accumulation of ROS and RNS can give rise oxidative and nitrosative stress, but when produced at low concentrations they can act as signalling molecules. SCOPE This review focuses on the production of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes and their regulation by antioxidants. ROS production is associated with metabolic pathways such as photorespiration and fatty acid β-oxidation, and disturbances in any of these processes can be perceived by the cell as an alarm that triggers defence responses. Genetic and pharmacological studies have shown that photorespiratory H2O2 can affect nuclear gene expression, regulating the response to pathogen infection and light intensity. Proteomic studies have shown that peroxisomal proteins are targets for oxidative modification, S-nitrosylation and nitration and have highlighted the importance of these modifications in regulating peroxisomal metabolism and signalling networks. The morphology, size, number and speed of movement of peroxisomes can also change in response to oxidative stress, meaning that an ROS/redox receptor is required. Information available on the production and detection of NO/RNS in peroxisomes is more limited. Peroxisomal homeostasis is critical for maintaining the cellular redox balance and is regulated by ROS, peroxisomal proteases and autophagic processes. CONCLUSIONS Peroxisomes play a key role in many aspects of plant development and acclimation to stress conditions. These organelles can sense ROS/redox changes in the cell and thus trigger rapid and specific responses to environmental cues involving changes in peroxisomal dynamics as well as ROS- and NO-dependent signalling networks, although the mechanisms involved have not yet been established. Peroxisomes can therefore be regarded as a highly important decision-making platform in the cell, where ROS and RNS play a determining role.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - M C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
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76
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Cai W, Liu W, Wang WS, Fu ZW, Han TT, Lu YT. Overexpression of Rat Neurons Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rice Enhances Drought and Salt Tolerance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131599. [PMID: 26121399 PMCID: PMC4485468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to play an important role in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis mutants with lower or higher levels of endogenous NO. The exogenous application of NO donors or scavengers has also suggested an important role for NO in plant defense against environmental stress. In this study, rice plants under drought and high salinity conditions showed increased nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and NO levels. Overexpression of rat neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in rice increased both NOS activity and NO accumulation, resulting in improved tolerance of the transgenic plants to both drought and salt stresses. nNOS-overexpressing plants exhibited stronger water-holding capability, higher proline accumulation, less lipid peroxidation and reduced electrolyte leakage under drought and salt conditions than wild rice. Moreover, nNOS-overexpressing plants accumulated less H2O2, due to the observed up-regulation of OsCATA, OsCATB and OsPOX1. In agreement, the activities of CAT and POX were higher in transgenic rice than wild type. Additionally, the expression of six tested stress-responsive genes including OsDREB2A, OsDREB2B, OsSNAC1, OsSNAC2, OsLEA3 and OsRD29A, in nNOS-overexpressing plants was higher than that in the wild type under drought and high salinity conditions. Taken together, our results suggest that nNOS overexpression suppresses the stress-enhanced electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, and promotes proline accumulation and the expression of stress-responsive genes under stress conditions, thereby promoting increased tolerance to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Shu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Tong-Tong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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77
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Sun C, Liu L, Yu Y, Liu W, Lu L, Jin C, Lin X. Nitric oxide alleviates aluminum-induced oxidative damage through regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in roots of wheat. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:550-61. [PMID: 25319364 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The possible association with nitric oxide (NO) and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in regulating aluminum (Al) tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated using two genotypes with different Al resistance. Exposure to Al inhibited root elongation, and triggered lipid peroxidation and oxidation of AsA to dehydroascorbate and GSH to glutathione disulfide in wheat roots. Exogenous NO significantly increased endogenous NO levels, and subsequently alleviated Al-induced inhibition of root elongation and oxidation of AsA and GSH to maintain the redox molecules in the reduced form in both wheat genotypes. Under Al stress, significantly increased activities and gene transcriptional levels of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase, were observed in the root tips of the Al-tolerant genotype Jian-864. Nitric oxide application enhanced the activity and gene transcriptional level of these enzymes in both wheat genotypes. γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase was not significantly affected by Al or NO, but NO treatments increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase to a greater extent than the Al-treated wheat seedlings. Proline was significantly decreased by Al, while it was not affected by NO. These results clearly suggest that NO protects wheat root against Al-induced oxidative stress, possibly through its regulation of the AsA-GSH cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Natural Resource & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Zhu C, Yang N, Ma X, Li G, Qian M, Ng D, Xia K, Gan L. Plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is involved in methyl jasmonate-induced root hair formation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1025-36. [PMID: 25686579 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Our results show that methyl jasmonate induces plasma membrane H (+) -ATPase activity and subsequently influences the apoplastic pH of trichoblasts to maintain a cell wall pH environment appropriate for root hair development. Root hairs, which arise from root epidermal cells, are tubular structures that increase the efficiency of water absorption and nutrient uptake. Plant hormones are critical regulators of root hair development. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of the plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase in methyl jasmonate (MeJA)-induced root hair formation. We found that MeJA had a pronounced effect on the promotion of root hair formation in lettuce seedlings, but that this effect was blocked by the PM H(+)-ATPase inhibitor vanadate. Furthermore, MeJA treatment increased PM H(+)-ATPase activity in parallel with H(+) efflux from the root tips of lettuce seedlings and rhizosphere acidification. Our results also showed that MeJA-induced root hair formation was accompanied by hydrogen peroxide accumulation. The apoplastic acidification acted in concert with reactive oxygen species to modulate root hair formation. Our results suggest that the effect of MeJA on root hair formation is mediated by modulation of PM H(+)-ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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79
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Hydrogen Sulfide Alleviates Cadmium-Induced Cell Death through Restraining ROS Accumulation in Roots of Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:804603. [PMID: 26078819 PMCID: PMC4442412 DOI: 10.1155/2015/804603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cell signal molecule produced endogenously and involved in regulation of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress in plants. In this work, we used molecular biology, physiology, and histochemical methods to investigate the effects of H2S on cadmium- (Cd-) induced cell death in Chinese cabbage roots. Cd stress stimulated a rapid increase of endogenous H2S in roots. Additionally, root length was closely related to the cell death rate. Pretreatment with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor, alleviated the growth inhibition caused by Cd in roots—this effect was more pronounced at 5 μM NaHS. Cd-induced cell death in roots was significantly reduced by 5 μM NaHS treatment. Under Cd stress, activities of the antioxidant enzymes were significantly enhanced in roots. NaHS + Cd treatment made their activities increase further compared with Cd exposure alone. Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity led to a decline in reactive oxygen species accumulation and lipid peroxidation. In contrast, these effects were reversed by hydroxylamine, a H2S inhibitor. These results suggested that H2S alleviated the cell death caused by Cd via upregulation of antioxidant enzyme activities to remove excessive reactive oxygen species and reduce cell oxidative damage.
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80
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Serrano I, Romero-Puertas MC, Sandalio LM, Olmedilla A. The role of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in programmed cell death associated with self-incompatibility. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:2869-76. [PMID: 25750430 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Successful sexual reproduction often relies on the ability of plants to recognize self- or genetically-related pollen and prevent pollen tube growth soon after germination in order to avoid self-fertilization. Angiosperms have developed different reproductive barriers, one of the most extended being self-incompatibility (SI). With SI, pistils are able to reject self or genetically-related pollen thus promoting genetic variability. There are basically two distinct systems of SI: gametophytic (GSI) and sporophytic (SSI) based on their different molecular and genetic control mechanisms. In both types of SI, programmed cell death (PCD) has been found to play an important role in the rejection of self-incompatible pollen. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) were initially recognized as toxic metabolic products, in recent years, a new role for ROS has become apparent: the control and regulation of biological processes such as growth, development, response to biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli, and PCD. Together with ROS, nitric oxide (NO) has become recognized as a key regulator of PCD. PCD is an important mechanism for the controlled elimination of targeted cells in both animals and plants. The major focus of this review is to discuss how ROS and NO control male-female cross-talk during fertilization in order to trigger PCD in self-incompatible pollen, providing a highly effective way to prevent self-fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Serrano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luisa M Sandalio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Adela Olmedilla
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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81
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Asgher M, Khan MIR, Anjum NA, Khan NA. Minimising toxicity of cadmium in plants--role of plant growth regulators. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:399-413. [PMID: 25303855 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A range of man-made activities promote the enrichment of world-wide agricultural soils with a myriad of chemical pollutants including cadmium (Cd). Owing to its significant toxic consequences in plants, Cd has been one of extensively studied metals. However, sustainable strategies for minimising Cd impacts in plants have been little explored. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known for their role in the regulation of numerous developmental processes. Among major PGRs, plant hormones (such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid), nitric oxide (a gaseous signalling molecule), brassinosteroids (steroidal phytohormones) and polyamines (group of phytohormone-like aliphatic amine natural compounds with aliphatic nitrogen structure) have gained attention by agronomist and physiologist as a sustainable media to induce tolerance in abiotic-stressed plants. Considering recent literature, this paper: (a) overviews Cd status in soil and its toxicity in plants, (b) introduces major PGRs and overviews their signalling in Cd-exposed plants, (c) appraises mechanisms potentially involved in PGR-mediated enhanced plant tolerance to Cd and (d) highlights key aspects so far unexplored in the subject area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asgher
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
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82
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Duan X, Li X, Ding F, Zhao J, Guo A, Zhang L, Yao J, Yang Y. Interaction of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and associated regulation of root growth in wheat seedlings under zinc stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 113:95-102. [PMID: 25485957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of root growth was investigated in wheat seedlings exposed to 3mM zinc (Zn). Zn treatment with or without 250 µM 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5,-tetrame-thylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (PTIO) or 10 µM diphenylene iodonium (DPI) significantly inhibited growth, increased malondialdehyde content and lowered cell viability in roots. The most prominent changes of these three parameters at Zn+DPI treatment could be partly blocked by high PTIO concentration (1mM). The production of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) influenced each other under different treatments, with the highest NO level and the highest H2O2 accumulation in Zn+DPI-treated roots. Compared with Zn-stressed roots, catalase, soluble peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase decreased in Zn+DPI-treated roots, suggesting that ROS generation from plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase was associated with the regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, Zn-treated roots exhibited significant decreases in cell wall-bound POD, diamine oxidase and polyamine oxidase activities. Our results suggested that Zn-induced effects on root growth resulted from NO interaction with H2O2 and that Zn+DPI-induced strongest inhibition could be explained by the highest increase in the endogenous NO content and the reduction of extracellular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Duan
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Fan Ding
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Aifeng Guo
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jian Yao
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Yingli Yang
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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83
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Li J, Zhu D, Wang R, Shen W, Guo Y, Ren Y, Shen W, Huang L. β-Cyclodextrin-hemin complex-induced lateral root formation in tomato: involvement of nitric oxide and heme oxygenase 1. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:381-93. [PMID: 25433859 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin-hemin complex-induced tomato lateral root formation was associated with nitric oxide and heme oxygenase 1 by modulating cell cycle regulatory genes. β-Cyclodextrin-hemin complex (β-CDH), a complex by combining β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with hemin, a heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) inducer, was a trigger of cucumber adventitious root formation by enhancing HO1 gene expression. In this report, our results identified the previously unknown function of β-CDH in plants: the inducer of tomato lateral root (LR) formation. β-CDH-triggered LR formation is hemin-specific, since β-CD failed to induce LR development. Because nitric oxide (NO) is involved in LR formation, the correlation of β-CDH with NO and HO1 was investigated. Our analysis suggested that β-CDH induced an increase in endogenous NO production, followed by up-regulation of tomato HO1 gene and LR formation, all of which were mimicked by hemin and two NO-releasing compounds (SNP and GSNO). The induction of HO1 gene expression and LR formation triggered by β-CDH or hemin were significantly blocked by an inhibitor of HO1. Further results revealed that both β-CDH- and SNP-stimulated HO1 gene expression and thereafter LR formation were sensitive to the removal of NO with a potent NO scavenger, and the responses of SNP were significantly blocked by an inhibitor of HO1. Molecular evidence illustrated that representative cell cycle regulatory genes, including SlCDKA1, SlCYCA3;1, SlCYCA2;1, and SlCYCD3;1, were significantly up-regulated by β-CDH and SNP, but obviously blocked when seedlings were co-treated with the scavenger of NO or the inhibitor of HO1. In summary, our physiological and molecular evidence demonstrated that both NO and HO1 were involved in the β-CDH-induced LR formation with, at least partially, HO1 acting downstream of NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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84
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Hu Y, You J, Liang X. Nitrate reductase-mediated nitric oxide production is involved in copper tolerance in shoots of hulless barley. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:367-79. [PMID: 25447636 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An NR-mediated early NO production in the shoots of hulless barley plays an important role in protecting hulless barley from Cu toxicity through enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant pools. Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as an important signaling molecule that is involved in multiple plant physiological responses, especially under some abiotic stress. Here, we investigated NO production and its effects on copper (Cu) excess in hulless barley shoots. An early NO burst at 24 h was observed in shoots of hulless barley, and the synthesis of early NO was mediated through nitrate reductase (NR), but not through nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Application of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) efficiently alleviated Cu-induced shoot inhibition and decrease in chlorophyll content, as well as oxidative damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, while inhibiting NO accumulation by a specific NO scavenger or a NR inhibitor aggravated shoot inhibition as well as the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, supporting the role of an NR-mediated early NO production in hulless barley responses to Cu toxicity. Furthermore, elevated antioxidant enzyme activities were induced by Cu stress in the shoots of hulless barley and further significantly enhanced by NO donor, whereas suppressed by NO scavenger or NR inhibitor. On the other hand, the application of NO scavenger significantly reduced Cu-induced accumulation of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (Asc) in the shoots of hulless barley. Taken together, our results indicate that NO may induce hulless barley seedling tolerance to Cu toxicity through modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidants accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China,
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85
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Liang X, Wang H, Hu Y, Mao L, Sun L, Dong T, Nan W, Bi Y. Silicon does not mitigate cell death in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells subjected to salinity without ethylene emission. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:331-43. [PMID: 25477205 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Silicon induces cell death when ethylene is suppressed in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells. There is a crosstalk between Si and ethylene signaling. Silicon (Si) is beneficial for plant growth. It alleviates both biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. How Si works in plants is still mysterious. This study investigates the mechanism of Si-induced cell death in tobacco BY-2 cell cultures when ethylene is suppressed. Results showed that K2SiO3 alleviated the damage of NaCl stress. Si treatment rapidly increased ethylene emission and the expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes. Treatments with Si + Ag and Si + aminooxyacetic acid (AOA, ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor) reduced the cell growth and increased cell damage. The treatment with Si + Ag induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation and ultimately cell death. Some nucleus of BY-2 cells treated with Si + Ag appeared TUNEL positive. The inhibition of H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO) production reduced the cell death rate induced by Si + Ag treatment. Si eliminated the up-regulation of alternative pathway by Ag. These data suggest that ethylene plays an important role in Si function in plants. Without ethylene, Si not only failed to enhance plant resistance, but also elevated H2O2 generation and further induced cell death in tobacco BY-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
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86
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Corpas FJ, Begara-Morales JC, Sánchez-Calvo B, Chaki M, Barroso JB. Nitration and S-Nitrosylation: Two Post-translational Modifications (PTMs) Mediated by Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) and Their Role in Signalling Processes of Plant Cells. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10079-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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87
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Zhang B, Shang S, Jabben Z, Zhang G. Sodium chloride alleviates cadmium toxicity by reducing nitric oxide accumulation in tobacco. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:56-60. [PMID: 25194697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in regulating the response of plants to Cd toxicity. In this study, we examined possible involvement of NO in the alleviation of Cd toxicity by NaCl in tobacco plants. Two independent experiments were conducted to investigate the changes of NO accumulation and Cd concentration in tobacco plants after the addition of a NO donor, sodium nitroprusside dehydrate (SNP), or a NO inhibitor, nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) in the solution containing NaCl and Cd. NO accumulation in tobacco roots was enhanced when plants were exposed to Cd, but reduced in the treatments of NaCl or l-NAME. NO production was not enhanced even when SNP (NO donor) was added to the solution containing Cd and NaCl. Root number was reduced in plants exposed to Cd, and increased by the addition of NaCl and reduced by the addition of SNP. Addition of NaCl or l-NAME to the Cd-containing solution reduced Cd concentration in plant tissues, with l-NAME having a more dramatic effect. It can be concluded that alleviation of Cd toxicity by NaCl contributed to reduction of NO accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shenghua Shang
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Institute, Tanbei Road, Jingyangxiaoqu, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Zahra Jabben
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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88
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Wu M, Li J, Wang F, Li F, Yang J, Shen W. Cobalt alleviates GA-induced programmed cell death in wheat aleurone layers via the regulation of H2O2 production and heme oxygenase-1 expression. Int J Mol Sci 2014. [PMID: 25405743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are key signaling molecules that are produced in response to various environmental stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that cobalt is able to delay gibberellic acid (GA)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone layers. A similar response was observed when samples were pretreated with carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR), two end-products of HO catalysis. We further observed that increased HO-1 expression played a role in the cobalt-induced alleviation of PCD. The application of HO-1-specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX), substantially prevented the increases of HO-1 activity and the alleviation of PCD triggered by cobalt. The stimulation of HO-1 expression, and alleviation of PCD might be caused by the initial H2O2 production induced by cobalt. qRT-PCR and enzymatic assays revealed that cobalt-induced gene expression and the corresponding activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), three enzymes that metabolize reactive oxygen species, were consistent with the H2O2 accumulation during GA treatment. These cobalt responses were differentially blocked by co-treatment with ZnPPIX. We therefore suggest that HO-1 functions in the cobalt-triggered alleviation of PCD in wheat aleurone layers, which is also dependent on the enhancement of the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jiale Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Fangquan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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89
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Cobalt alleviates GA-induced programmed cell death in wheat aleurone layers via the regulation of H2O2 production and heme oxygenase-1 expression. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21155-78. [PMID: 25405743 PMCID: PMC4264218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are key signaling molecules that are produced in response to various environmental stimuli. Here, we demonstrate that cobalt is able to delay gibberellic acid (GA)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone layers. A similar response was observed when samples were pretreated with carbon monoxide (CO) or bilirubin (BR), two end-products of HO catalysis. We further observed that increased HO-1 expression played a role in the cobalt-induced alleviation of PCD. The application of HO-1-specific inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPPIX), substantially prevented the increases of HO-1 activity and the alleviation of PCD triggered by cobalt. The stimulation of HO-1 expression, and alleviation of PCD might be caused by the initial H2O2 production induced by cobalt. qRT-PCR and enzymatic assays revealed that cobalt-induced gene expression and the corresponding activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), three enzymes that metabolize reactive oxygen species, were consistent with the H2O2 accumulation during GA treatment. These cobalt responses were differentially blocked by co-treatment with ZnPPIX. We therefore suggest that HO-1 functions in the cobalt-triggered alleviation of PCD in wheat aleurone layers, which is also dependent on the enhancement of the activities of antioxidant enzymes.
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90
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Chen Y, Mo HZ, Hu LB, Li YQ, Chen J, Yang LF. The endogenous nitric oxide mediates selenium-induced phytotoxicity by promoting ROS generation in Brassica rapa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110901. [PMID: 25333984 PMCID: PMC4204988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is suggested as an emerging pollutant in agricultural environment because of the increasing anthropogenic release of Se, which in turn results in phytotoxicity. The most common consequence of Se-induced toxicity in plants is oxidative injury, but how Se induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst remains unclear. In this work, histofluorescent staining was applied to monitor the dynamics of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) in the root of Brassica rapa under Se(IV) stress. Se(IV)-induced faster accumulation of NO than ROS. Both NO and ROS accumulation were positively correlated with Se(IV)-induced inhibition of root growth. The NO accumulation was nitrate reductase (NR)- and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent while ROS accumulation was NADPH oxidase-dependent. The removal of NO by NR inhibitor, NOS inhibitor, and NO scavenger could alleviate Se(IV)-induced expression of Br_Rbohs coding for NADPH oxidase and the following ROS accumulation in roots, which further resulted in the amelioration of Se(IV)-induced oxidative injury and growth inhibition. Thus, we proposed that the endogenous NO played a toxic role in B. rapa under Se(IV) stress by triggering ROS burst. Such findings can be used to evaluate the toxic effects of Se contamination on crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Zhen Mo
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Liang-Bin Hu
- Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - You-Qin Li
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (L-FY)
| | - Li-Fei Yang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (JC); (L-FY)
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91
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Sobrino-Plata J, Carrasco-Gil S, Abadía J, Escobar C, Álvarez-Fernández A, Hernández LE. The role of glutathione in mercury tolerance resembles its function under cadmium stress in Arabidopsis. Metallomics 2014; 6:356-66. [PMID: 24452078 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research efforts have highlighted the importance of glutathione (GSH) as a key antioxidant metabolite for metal tolerance in plants. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in stress due to mercury (Hg), one of the most hazardous metals to the environment and human health. To understand the implication of GSH metabolism for Hg tolerance, we used two γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γECS) Arabidopsis thaliana allele mutants (rax1-1 and cad2-1) and a phytochelatin synthase (PCS) mutant (cad1-3). The leaves of these mutants and of wild type (Col-0) were infiltrated with a solution containing Cd or Hg (0, 3 and 30 μM) and incubated for 24 and 48 h. The formation of phytochelatins (PCs) in the leaf extracts was followed by two different HPLC-based methods and occurred in Col-0, cad2-1 and rax1-1 plants exposed to Cd, whereas in the Hg treatments, PCs accumulated mainly in Col-0 and rax1-1, where Hg-PC complexes were also detected. ASA and GSH/GSSG levels increased under moderate metal stress conditions, accompanied by increased GSH reductase (GR) activity and expression. However, higher metal doses led to a decrease in the analysed parameters, and stronger toxic effects appeared with 30 μM Hg. The GSH concentration was significantly higher in rax1-1 (70% of Col-0) than in cad2-1 (40% of Col-0). The leaves of rax1-1 were less sensitive than cad2-1, in accordance with the greater expression of γECS in rax1-1. Our results underline the existence of a minimal GSH concentration threshold needed to minimise the toxic effects exerted by Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sobrino-Plata
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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92
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Kutik J, Kuthanova A, Smertenko A, Fischer L, Opatrny Z. Cadmium-induced cell death in BY-2 cell culture starts with vacuolization of cytoplasm and terminates with necrosis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 151:423-33. [PMID: 24359567 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a potent inducer of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants but the morphological changes in cells exposed to cadmium are poorly characterized. Using light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) we have investigated the changes in ultrastructure of tobacco BY-2 cells treated with 50 µM CdSO4. The cadmium-induced alterations in cell morphology occurred gradually over a period of 3-4 days and the first stages of the response resembled vacuolar type of cell death. The initial formation of numerous small cytoplasmic vacuoles and dilation of endoplasmic reticulum was followed first by fusion of smaller vacuoles with each other and with big vacuoles, and then by the appearance of autophagic vacuoles containing autophagic bodies. The final stages of cell death were accompanied by necrotic features including loss of plasmalemma integrity, shrinkage of the protoplast and unprocessed cellular components. In addition, we observed a gradual degradation of nuclear material. Our results demonstrate that cadmium-induced plant cell death is a slow process featuring elements of vacuolar cell death and terminating with necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Kutik
- Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 5, 12844, Prague, Czech Republic
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93
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Chmielowska-Bąk J, Gzyl J, Rucińska-Sobkowiak R, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Deckert J. The new insights into cadmium sensing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:245. [PMID: 24917871 PMCID: PMC4042028 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is non-essential heavy metal, which in excess, exhibits deleterious effects to the most of the organisms. Mobilization of defense mechanisms against this toxic agent requires rapid activation of signaling pathways. The article presents recent advances in the research concerning cadmium signal transduction in plants. New insights into the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), plant growth regulators, and Cd-induced protein modifications are reviewed. Moreover, the role of recently recognized Cd-associated signal elements, including micro RNAs and several cis- and trans-acting elements is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joanna Deckert
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz UniversityPoznań, Poland
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94
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Yu M, Lamattina L, Spoel SH, Loake GJ. Nitric oxide function in plant biology: a redox cue in deconvolution. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:1142-1156. [PMID: 24611485 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous, redox-active small molecule, is gradually becoming established as a central regulator of growth, development, immunity and environmental interactions in plants. A major route for the transfer of NO bioactivity is S-nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). This chemical transformation is rapidly emerging as a prototypic, redox-based post-translational modification integral to the life of plants. Here we review the myriad roles of NO and SNOs in plant biology and, where known, the molecular mechanisms underpining their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manda Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), CC 12457600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Gary J Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
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95
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He H, He L, Gu M. The diversity of nitric oxide function in plant responses to metal stress. Biometals 2014; 27:219-28. [PMID: 24509935 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9711-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) emerges as signalling molecule, which is involved in diverse physiological processes in plants. High mobility metal interferes with NO signaling. The exogenous NO alleviates metal stress, whereas endogenous NO contributes to metal toxicity in plants. Owing to different cellular localization and concentration, NO may act as multifunctional regulator in plant responses to metal stress. It not only plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, but serves as a long-distance signal. Through tight modulation of redox signaling, the integration among NO, reactive oxygen species and stress-related hormones in plants determines whether plants stimulate death pathway or activate survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China,
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96
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Xie Y, Zhang C, Lai D, Sun Y, Samma MK, Zhang J, Shen W. Hydrogen sulfide delays GA-triggered programmed cell death in wheat aleurone layers by the modulation of glutathione homeostasis and heme oxygenase-1 expression. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:53-62. [PMID: 24331419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as a cellular signaling intermediate in higher plants, but corresponding molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways in plant biology are still limited. In the present study, a combination of pharmacological and biochemical approaches was used to study the effect of H2S on the alleviation of GA-induced programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat aleurone cells. The results showed that in contrast with the responses of ABA, GA brought about a gradual decrease of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (LCD) activity and H2S production, and thereafter PCD occurred. Exogenous H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) not only effectively blocked the decrease of endogenous H2S release, but also alleviated GA-triggered PCD in wheat aleurone cells. These responses were sensitive to hypotaurine (HT), a H2S scavenger, suggesting that this effect of NaHS was in an H2S-dependent fashion. Further experiment confirmed that H2S, rather than other sodium- or sulphur-containing compounds derived from the decomposing of NaHS, was attributed to the rescuing response. Importantly, the reversing effect was associated with glutathione (GSH) because the NaHS triggered increases of endogenous GSH content and the ratio of GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) in GA-treated layers, and the NaHS-mediated alleviation of PCD was markedly eliminated by l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO, a selective inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis). The inducible effect of NaHS was also ascribed to the modulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), because the specific inhibitor of HO-1 zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) significantly suppressed the NaHS-related responses. By contrast, the above inhibitory effects were reversed partially when carbon monoxide (CO) aqueous solution or bilirubin (BR), two of the by-products of HO-1, was added, respectively. NaHS-triggered HO-1 gene expression in GA-treated layers was also confirmed. Together, the above results clearly suggested that the H2S-delayed PCD in GA-treated wheat aleurone cells was associated with the modulation of GSH homeostasis and HO-1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Diwen Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ya Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Kaleem Samma
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Co. Laboratory of Nanjing Agricultural University and Carl Zeiss Far East, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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97
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Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is endogenously produced in arabidopsis peroxisomes and is overproduced under cadmium stress. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 113:87-96. [PMID: 24232384 PMCID: PMC3864731 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in multiple cellular metabolic pathways. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) is a nitric oxide-derived molecule which is a nitrating species that causes nitration of proteins. This study used cell biology techniques to explore the potential presence of peroxynitrite in peroxisomes and evaluated its content under stress conditions (excess cadmium). METHODS Peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and superoxide anion were studied using cell-permeable specific fluorescent probes by confocal laser scanning microscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic plants expressing cyan fluorescent protein through the addition of peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), which enables peroxisomes to be visualized in vivo. Key Results When no stress was applied, peroxynitrite was clearly localized in the peroxisomes of roots and stomatal guard cells. Under cadmium (150 μm) stress, the generation of peroxynitrite, nitric oxide and the superoxide anion (O2(·-)) increased and was localized in peroxisomes and the cytosol, participating in the generation of nitro-oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The results show that peroxisomes are an endogenous source of peroxynitrite, which is over-produced under cadmium stress, suggesting that the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species in peroxisomes could participate in the mechanism of the response to this heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Corpas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18080 Granada, Spain
- For correspondence. E-mail
| | - Juan B. Barroso
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Universitario “Las Lagunillas” s/n, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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98
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Yang F, Ding F, Duan X, Zhang J, Li X, Yang Y. ROS generation and proline metabolism in calli of halophyte Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. to sodium nitroprusside treatment. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:71-80. [PMID: 23838886 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a stress factor or a signal molecule involved in various plant physiological and developmental processes. In the present study, the generation of reactive oxygen species and the metabolism of proline due to different sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an NO donor) concentrations were investigated in callus from halophyte Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. Treatment with SNP led to significant increases of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and cell viability but notable reductions in hydrogen radical level and lipid peroxidation degree, and superoxide onion (O2 (-)) content also enhanced in 100 μM SNP-treated calli. Using a chemical inhibitor for plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase diphenylene iodonium (DPI), we found low O2 (-) generation in untreated and 25 μM SNP-treated calli, whereas in those treated with 100 μM SNP O2 (-) level exhibited a very little alteration, comparable to the absence of DPI. These suggest a high activity of PM NADPH oxidase in untreated calli. H2O2 scavenging enzymes (catalase, peroxidase [POD] and ascorbate peroxidase) and H2O2 forming enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], cell wall-POD and diamine oxidase [DAO]) stimulated significantly in calli treated with different SNP concentrations while glutathione reductase activity decreased. In addition, a reduction in proline content was observed in SNP-treated calli. Moreover, different SNP concentrations stimulated proline dehydrogenase (PDH) and ornithine δ-aminotransferase but inhibited r-glutamyl kinase (GK). In conclusion, our results suggest that the increasing H2O2 generation was associated with the stimulation of SOD, cell wall-POD and DAO, and that the reduction of proline content might be the consequence of increased PDH activity and decreased GK activity in N. tangutorum Bobr. calli under SNP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Igamberdiev AU, Stasolla C, Hill RD. Low Oxygen Stress, Nonsymbiotic Hemoglobins, NO, and Programmed Cell Death. LOW-OXYGEN STRESS IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1254-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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100
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Shi H, Ye T, Chan Z. Nitric oxide-activated hydrogen sulfide is essential for cadmium stress response in bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L). Pers.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 74:99-107. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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