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Shi QS, Wang KQ, Li YL, Zhou L, Xiong SX, Han Y, Zhang YF, Yang NY, Yang ZN, Zhu J. OsPKS1 is required for sexine layer formation, which shows functional conservation between rice and Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 277:145-154. [PMID: 30466580 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sporopollenin precursors, as a general constituent of sexine, are synthesized in the tapetum and deposited on the pollen surface after transportation and processing. The polyketide synthase condenses the acyl-CoA into a hydroxyalkyl α-pyrone, which is predicted to be a component of the sporopollenin precursors. In this study, we found that the rice POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE 1 (OsPKS1) was the orthologue of Arabidopsis POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A/LESS ADHESIVE POLLEN 6 (PKSA/LAP6) through sequence alignment. The OsPKS1 knockout mutants obtained by Crispr-Cas9-mediated editing exhibited a complete male sterile phenotype. Cytological observations revealed that abnormal bacula deposition and ubisch body structures for sexine formation led to pollen rupture in ospks1. The expression analysis showed that the OsPKS1 was highly expressed in tapetal cells and anther locules from stage 9 to stage 11 during anther development in rice. Subcellular localization demonstrated that the OsPKS1 protein was preferentially localized to the ER. The genomic sequence of OsPKS1 driven by the PKSA/LAP6 promoter restored the sexine pattern of Arabidopsis pksa/lap6. These results indicated that OsPKS1 is required for sexine layer formation in rice and functionally conserved in the sporopollenin synthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Sheng Shi
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Kai-Qi Wang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Xiong
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yan-Fei Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Nai-Ying Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Chang Z, Jin M, Yan W, Chen H, Qiu S, Fu S, Xia J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Wu J, Tang X. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter OsABCG3 is essential for pollen development in rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 11:58. [PMID: 30311098 PMCID: PMC6181869 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-018-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollen wall, which protects male gametophyte against various stresses and facilitates pollination, is essential for successful reproduction in flowering plants. The pollen wall consists of gametophyte-derived intine and sporophyte-derived exine. From outside to inside of exine are tectum, bacula, nexine I and nexine II layers. How these structural layers are formed has been under extensive studies, but the molecular mechanisms remain obscure. RESULTS Here we identified two osabcg3 allelic mutants and demonstrated that OsABCG3 was required for pollen development in rice. OsABCG3 encodes a half-size ABCG transporter localized on the plasma membrane. It was mainly expressed in anther when exine started to form. Loss-function of OsABCG3 caused abnormal degradation of the tapetum. The mutant pollen lacked the nexine II and intine layers, and shriveled without cytoplasm. The expression of some genes required for pollen wall formation was examined in osabcg3 mutants. The mutation did not alter the expression of the regulatory genes and lipid metabolism genes, but altered the expression of lipid transport genes. CONCLUSIONS Base on the genetic and cytological analyses, OsABCG3 was proposed to transport the tapetum-produced materials essential for pollen wall formation. This study provided a new perspective to the genetic regulation of pollen wall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Chang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Mingna Jin
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Wei Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 10048 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Shan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 53004 China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen, 518107 China
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Wang K, Guo ZL, Zhou WT, Zhang C, Zhang ZY, Lou Y, Xiong SX, Yao XZ, Fan JJ, Zhu J, Yang ZN. The Regulation of Sporopollenin Biosynthesis Genes for Rapid Pollen Wall Formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:283-294. [PMID: 30018171 PMCID: PMC6130021 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sporopollenin is the major component of the outer pollen wall (sexine). It is synthesized using a pathway of approximately eight genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). MALE STERILITY188 (MS188) and its direct upstream regulator ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) are two transcription factors essential for tapetum development. Here, we show that all the sporopollenin biosynthesis proteins are specifically expressed in the tapetum and are secreted into anther locules. MS188, a MYB transcription factor expressed in the tapetum, directly regulates the expression of POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A (PKSA), PKSB, MALE STERILE2 (MS2), and a CYTOCHROME P450 gene (CYP703A2). By contrast, the expression of CYP704B1, ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE5 (ACOS5), TETRAKETIDE a-PYRONE REDUCTASE1 (TKPR1) and TKPR2 are significantly reduced in ams mutants but not affected in ms188 mutants. However, MS188 but not AMS can activate the expression of CYP704B1, ACOS5, and TKPR1 In ms188, dominant suppression of MS188 homologs reduced the expression of these genes, suggesting that MS188 and other MYB family members play redundant roles in activating their expression. The expression of some sporopollenin synthesis genes (PKSA, PKSB, TKPR2, CYP704B1, and ACOS5) was rescued when MS188 was expressed in ams Therefore, MS188 is a key regulator for activation of sporopollenin synthesis, and AMS and MS188 may form a feed-forward loop that activates the expression of the sporopollenin biosynthesis pathway for rapid pollen wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zong-Li Guo
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhou
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ze-Yuan Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yue Lou
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Xiong
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yao
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jiong-Jiong Fan
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
- CAS Center for Excellence of Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
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Lefèvre F, Boutry M. Towards Identification of the Substrates of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:18-39. [PMID: 29987003 PMCID: PMC6130012 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Most ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins function in transmembrane transport, and plant genomes encode a large number of ABC transporters compared with animal or fungal genomes. These transporters have been classified into eight subfamilies according to their topology and phylogenetic relationships. Transgenic plants and mutants with altered ABC transporter expression or function have contributed to deciphering the physiological roles of these proteins, such as in plant development, responses to biotic and abiotic stress, or detoxification activities within the cell. In agreement with the diversity of these functions, a large range of substrates (e.g. hormones and primary and secondary metabolites) have been identified. We review in detail transporters for which substrates have been unambiguously identified. However, some cases are far from clear, because some ABC transporters have the ability to transport several structurally unrelated substrates or because the identification of their substrates was performed indirectly without any flux measurement. Various heterologous or homologous expression systems have been used to better characterize the transport activity and other biochemical properties of ABC transporters, opening the way to addressing new issues such as the particular structural features of plant ABC transporters, the bidirectionality of transport, or the role of posttranslational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Lefèvre
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Boutry
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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55
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Mohiuddin T, Baba SA, Ashraf N. Identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling of ABC transporter family of Crocus sativus L: A step towards understanding apocarotenoid transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Aboulela M, Nakagawa T, Oshima A, Nishimura K, Tanaka Y. The Arabidopsis COPII components, AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D, are essential for pollen wall development and exine patterning. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1615-1633. [PMID: 29390074 PMCID: PMC5889017 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The specialized multilayered pollen wall plays multiple roles to ensure normal microspore development. The major components of the pollen wall (e.g. sporopollenin and lipidic precursors) are provided from the tapetum. Material export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is mediated by coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes seven homologs of SEC23, a COPII component. However, the functional importance of this diversity remains elusive. Here, we analyzed knockout and knockdown lines for AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D, two of the A. thaliana SEC23 homologs, respectively. Single atsec23a and atsec23d mutant plants, despite normal fertility, showed an impaired exine pattern. Double atsec23ad mutant plants were semi-sterile and exhibited developmental defects in pollen and tapetal cells. Pollen grains of atsec23ad had defective exine and intine, and showed signs of cell degeneration. Moreover, the development of tapetal cells was altered, with structural abnormalities in organelles. AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D exhibited the characteristic localization pattern of COPII proteins and were highly expressed in the tapetum. Our work suggests that AtSEC23A and AtSEC23D may organize pollen wall development and exine patterning by regulating ER export of lipids and proteins necessary for pollen wall formation. Also, our results shed light on the functional heterogeneity of SEC23 homologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aboulela
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akinobu Oshima
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishimura
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
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57
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Hou Z, Jia B, Li F, Liu P, Liu L, Ye Z, Zhu L, Wang Q, Heng W. Characterization and expression of the ABC family (G group) in 'Dangshansuli' pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) and its russet mutant. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:137-144. [PMID: 29658971 PMCID: PMC5901498 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant genes encoding ABCGs that have been identified to date
play a role in suberin formation in response to abiotic and biotic stress. In
the present study, 80 ABCG genes were identified in
‘Dangshansuli’ Chinese white pear and designated as PbABCGs.
Based on the structural characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the
PbABCG family genes could be classified into seven main
groups: classes A-G. Segmental and dispersed duplications were the primary
forces underlying the PbABCG gene family expansion in
‘Dangshansuli’ pear. Most of the PbABCG duplicated gene pairs
date to the recent whole-genome duplication that occurred 30~45 million years
ago. Purifying selection has also played a critical role in the evolution of the
ABCG genes. Ten PbABCG genes screened in
the transcriptome of ‘Dangshansuli’ pear and its russet mutant ‘Xiusu’ were
validated, and the expression levels of the PbABCG genes
exhibited significant differences at different stages. The results presented
here will undoubtedly be useful for better understanding of the complexity of
the PbABCG gene family and will facilitate the functional
characterization of suberin formation in the russet mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Hou
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Bing Jia
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Pu Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Ye
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Liwu Zhu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wei Heng
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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58
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Do THT, Martinoia E, Lee Y. Functions of ABC transporters in plant growth and development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 41:32-38. [PMID: 28854397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
ABC transporters are essential for plant development, playing roles in processes such as gametogenesis, seed development, seed germination, organ formation, and secondary growth. ABC transporters are directly energized by ATP and can transport complex organic materials against concentration gradients; thus, they are uniquely suited to provide the complex building blocks required for the development of specialized plant cells. We review recent progress in our understanding of the contribution ABC transporters make to the growth and development of plants, including their roles in protective layer formation and in transporting phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ha Thi Do
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Záveská Drábková L, Honys D. Evolutionary history of callose synthases in terrestrial plants with emphasis on proteins involved in male gametophyte development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187331. [PMID: 29131847 PMCID: PMC5683620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Callose is a plant-specific polysaccharide (β-1,3-glucan) playing an important role in angiosperms in many developmental processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Callose is synthesised at the plasma membrane of plant cells by callose synthase (CalS) and, among others, represents the main polysaccharide in the callose wall surrounding the tetrads of developing microspores and in the growing pollen tube wall. CalS proteins involvement in spore development is a plesiomorphic feature of terrestrial plants, but very little is known about their evolutionary origin and relationships amongst the members of this protein family. We performed thorough comparative analyses of callose synthase family proteins from major plant lineages to determine their evolutionary history across the plant kingdom. A total of 1211 candidate CalS sequences were identified and compared amongst diverse taxonomic groups of plants, from bryophytes to angiosperms. Phylogenetic analyses identified six main clades of CalS proteins and suggested duplications during the evolution of specialised functions. Twelve family members had previously been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana. We focused on five CalS subfamilies directly linked to pollen function and found that proteins expressed in pollen evolved twice. CalS9/10 and CalS11/12 formed well-defined clades, whereas pollen-specific CalS5 was found within subfamilies that mostly did not express in mature pollen vegetative cell, although were found in sperm cells. Expression of five out of seven mature pollen-expressed CalS genes was affected by mutations in bzip transcription factors. Only three subfamilies, CalS5, CalS10, and CalS11, however, formed monophyletic, mostly conserved clades. The pairs CalS9/CalS10, CalS11/CalS12 and CalS3 may have diverged after angiosperms diversified from lycophytes and bryophytes. Our analysis of fully sequenced plant proteins identified new evolutionary lineages of callose synthase subfamilies and has established a basis for understanding their functional evolution in terrestrial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Záveská Drábková
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (LZD); (DH)
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojová 263, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (LZD); (DH)
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60
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Kuromori T, Sugimoto E, Ohiraki H, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Functional relationship of AtABCG21 and AtABCG22 in stomatal regulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12501. [PMID: 28970576 PMCID: PMC5624933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomatal regulation is important for water transpiration from plants. Stomatal opening and closing are controlled by many transporter proteins in guard cells. AtABCG22 is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and is a stomatal regulator; however, the function of AtABCG22 has not yet been determined fully, although a mutant phenotype included a significant effect on stomatal status. Here, we further investigated the function of the AtABCG22 gene and its functional relationships with other subfamily genes. Among close family members, we found a functional relationship of stomatal phenotypes with AtABCG21, which is also expressed specifically in guard cells. Based on an analysis of double mutants, adding the atabcg21 mutation to atabcg22 mutant partially suppressed the open-stomata phenotype of atabcg22. Multiple-mutant analyses indicated that this suppression was independent of abscisic acid signaling in guard cells. We also found that atabcg22 mutant showed a unique time course-dependent phenotype, being defective in maintenance of stomatal status after initial stomatal opening elicited by light signaling. The function of AtABCG22 and its relationship with AtABCG21 in stomatal regulation are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuromori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Eriko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Haruka Ohiraki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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61
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Li H, Wang Y, Wu M, Li L, Jin C, Zhang Q, Chen C, Song W, Wang C. Small RNA Sequencing Reveals Differential miRNA Expression in the Early Development of Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. italica) Pollen. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:404. [PMID: 28392797 PMCID: PMC5364186 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is an important and complex biological process in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants. Although the cytological characteristics of pollen development are well defined, the regulation of its early stages remains largely unknown. In the present study, miRNAs were explored in the early development of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) pollen. A total of 333 known miRNAs that originated from 235 miRNA families were detected. Fifty-five novel miRNA candidates were identified. Sixty of the 333 known miRNAs and 49 of the 55 predicted novel miRNAs exhibited significantly differential expression profiling in the three distinct developmental stages of broccoli pollen. Among these differentially expressed miRNAs, miRNAs that would be involved in the developmental phase transition from uninucleate microspores to binucleate pollen grains or from binucleate to trinucleate pollen grains were identified. miRNAs that showed significantly enriched expression in a specific early stage of broccoli pollen development were also observed. In addition, 552 targets for 127 known miRNAs and 69 targets for 40 predicted novel miRNAs were bioinformatically identified. Functional annotation and GO (Gene Ontology) analysis indicated that the putative miRNA targets showed significant enrichment in GO terms that were related to plant organ formation and morphogenesis. Some of enriched GO terms were detected for the targets directly involved in plant male reproduction development. These findings provided new insights into the functions of miRNA-mediated regulatory networks in broccoli pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Tianjin Agricultural UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Mei Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Lihong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Chuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Chengbin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Wenqin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai UniversityTianjin, China
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62
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Li WL, Liu Y, Douglas CJ. Role of Glycosyltransferases in Pollen Wall Primexine Formation and Exine Patterning. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:167-182. [PMID: 27495941 PMCID: PMC5210704 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The pollen cell wall is important for protection of male sperm from physical stresses and consists of an inner gametophyte-derived intine layer and a sporophyte-derived exine layer. The polymeric constituents of the robust exine are termed sporopollenin. The mechanisms by which sporopollenin is anchored onto microspores and polymerized in specific patterns are unknown, but the primexine, a transient cell wall matrix formed on the surface of microspores at the late tetrad stage, is hypothesized to play a key role. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) spongy (spg) and uneven pattern of exine (upex) mutants exhibit defective and irregular exine patterns. SPG2 (synonymous with IRREGULAR XYLEM9-LIKE [IRX9L]) encodes a family GT43 glycosyltransferase involved in xylan backbone biosynthesis, while UPEX1 encodes a family GT31 glycosyltransferase likely involved in galactosylation of arabinogalactan proteins. Imaging of developing irx9l microspores showed that the earliest detectable defect was in primexine formation. Furthermore, wild-type microspores contained primexine-localized epitopes indicative of the presence of xylan, but these were absent in irx9l These data, together with the spg phenotype of a mutant in IRX14L, which also plays a role in xylan backbone elongation, indicate the presence of xylan in pollen wall primexine, which plays a role in exine patterning on the microspore surface. We observed an aberrant primexine and irregular patterns of incipient sporopollenin deposition in upex1, suggesting that primexine-localized arabinogalactan proteins could play roles in sporopollenin adhesion and patterning early in microspore wall development. Our data provide new insights into the biochemical and functional properties of the primexine component of the microspore cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua L Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Carl J Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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Suzuki T, Narciso JO, Zeng W, van de Meene A, Yasutomi M, Takemura S, Lampugnani ER, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Ishiguro S. KNS4/UPEX1: A Type II Arabinogalactan β-(1,3)-Galactosyltransferase Required for Pollen Exine Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:183-205. [PMID: 27837085 PMCID: PMC5210738 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Pollen exine is essential for protection from the environment of the male gametes of seed-producing plants, but its assembly and composition remain poorly understood. We previously characterized Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with abnormal pollen exine structure and morphology that we named kaonashi (kns). Here we describe the identification of the causal gene of kns4 that was found to be a member of the CAZy glycosyltransferase 31 gene family, identical to UNEVEN PATTERN OF EXINE1, and the biochemical characterization of the encoded protein. The characteristic exine phenotype in the kns4 mutant is related to an abnormality of the primexine matrix laid on the surface of developing microspores. Using light microscopy with a combination of type II arabinogalactan (AG) antibodies and staining with the arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific β-Glc Yariv reagent, we show that the levels of AGPs in the kns4 microspore primexine are considerably diminished, and their location differs from that of wild type, as does the distribution of pectin labeling. Furthermore, kns4 mutants exhibit reduced fertility as indicated by shorter fruit lengths and lower seed set compared to the wild type, confirming that KNS4 is critical for pollen viability and development. KNS4 was heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana, and was shown to possess β-(1,3)-galactosyltransferase activity responsible for the synthesis of AG glycans that are present on both AGPs and/or the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I. These data demonstrate that defects in AGP/pectic glycans, caused by disruption of KNS4 function, impact pollen development and viability in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Joan Oñate Narciso
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Wei Zeng
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Allison van de Meene
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Masayuki Yasutomi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Shunsuke Takemura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Monika S Doblin
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Antony Bacic
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
| | - Sumie Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan (T.S., M.Y., S.T., S.I.); and
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia (J.O.N., W.Z., A.v.d.M., E.R.L., M.S.D., A.B.)
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Chang Z, Chen Z, Yan W, Xie G, Lu J, Wang N, Lu Q, Yao N, Yang G, Xia J, Tang X. An ABC transporter, OsABCG26, is required for anther cuticle and pollen exine formation and pollen-pistil interactions in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 253:21-30. [PMID: 27968990 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wax, cutin and sporopollenin are essential components for the formation of the anther cuticle and the pollen exine, respectively. Their lipid precursors are synthesized by secretory tapetal cells and transported to the anther and microspore surface for deposition. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the anther cuticle and pollen exine are poorly understood in rice. Here, we characterized a rice male sterile mutant osabcg26. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis revealed a point mutation in the gene encoding an ATP binding cassette transporter G26 (OsABCG26). OsABCG26 was specifically expressed in the anther and pistil. Cytological analysis revealed defects in tapetal cells, lipidic Ubisch bodies, pollen exine, and anther cuticle in the osabcg26 mutant. Expression of some key genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport, such as UDT1, WDA1, CYP704B2, OsABCG15, OsC4 and OsC6, was significantly altered in osabcg26 anther, possibly due to a disturbance in the homeostasis of anther lipid metabolism and transport. Additionally, wild-type pollen tubes showed a growth defect in osabcg26 pistils, leading to low seed setting in osabcg26 cross-pollinated with the wild-type pollen. These results indicated that OsABCG26 plays an important role in anther cuticle and pollen exine formation and pollen-pistil interactions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyi Chang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhufeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Gang Xie
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiawei Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qiqing Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Nan Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Guangzhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Jixing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Molecular Crop Design, Shenzhen 518107, China; Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Li Y, Li D, Guo Z, Shi Q, Xiong S, Zhang C, Zhu J, Yang Z. OsACOS12, an orthologue of Arabidopsis acyl-CoA synthetase5, plays an important role in pollen exine formation and anther development in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27871243 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0943-949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporopollenin is a major component of the pollen exine pattern. In Arabidopsis, acyl-CoA synthetase5 (ACOS5) is involved in sporopollenin precursor biosynthesis. In this study, we identified its orthologue, OsACOS12, in rice (Oryza sativa) and compared the functional conservation of ACOS in rice to Arabidopsis. RESULTS Sequence analysis showed that OsACOS12 shares 63.9 % amino acid sequence identity with ACOS5. The osacos12 mutation caused by a pre-mature stop codon in LOC_Os04g24530 exhibits defective sexine resulting in a male sterile phenotype in rice. In situ hybridization shows that OsACOS12 is expressed in tapetal cells and microspores at the transcript level. The localization of OsACOS12-GFP demonstrated that OsACOS12 protein is accumulated in tapetal cells and anther locules. OsACOS12 driven by the ACOS5 promoter could partially restore the male fertility of the acos5 mutant in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS OsACOS12 is an orthologue of ACOS5 that is essential for sporopollenin synthesis in rice. ACOS5 and OsACOS12 are conserved for pollen wall formation in monocot and dicot species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Li
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zongli Guo
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Qiangsheng Shi
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shuangxi Xiong
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Zhongnan Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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Li Y, Li D, Guo Z, Shi Q, Xiong S, Zhang C, Zhu J, Yang Z. OsACOS12, an orthologue of Arabidopsis acyl-CoA synthetase5, plays an important role in pollen exine formation and anther development in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:256. [PMID: 27871243 PMCID: PMC5117612 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporopollenin is a major component of the pollen exine pattern. In Arabidopsis, acyl-CoA synthetase5 (ACOS5) is involved in sporopollenin precursor biosynthesis. In this study, we identified its orthologue, OsACOS12, in rice (Oryza sativa) and compared the functional conservation of ACOS in rice to Arabidopsis. RESULTS Sequence analysis showed that OsACOS12 shares 63.9 % amino acid sequence identity with ACOS5. The osacos12 mutation caused by a pre-mature stop codon in LOC_Os04g24530 exhibits defective sexine resulting in a male sterile phenotype in rice. In situ hybridization shows that OsACOS12 is expressed in tapetal cells and microspores at the transcript level. The localization of OsACOS12-GFP demonstrated that OsACOS12 protein is accumulated in tapetal cells and anther locules. OsACOS12 driven by the ACOS5 promoter could partially restore the male fertility of the acos5 mutant in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSIONS OsACOS12 is an orthologue of ACOS5 that is essential for sporopollenin synthesis in rice. ACOS5 and OsACOS12 are conserved for pollen wall formation in monocot and dicot species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueling Li
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Zongli Guo
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Qiangsheng Shi
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Shuangxi Xiong
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
| | - Zhongnan Yang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, 200234 China
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Zhao B, Shi H, Wang W, Liu X, Gao H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang M, Li R, Guo Y. Secretory COPII Protein SEC31B Is Required for Pollen Wall Development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:1625-1642. [PMID: 27634427 PMCID: PMC5100771 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The pollen wall protects pollen grains from abiotic and biotic stresses. During pollen wall development, tapetal cells play a vital role by secreting proteins, signals, and pollen wall material to ensure microspore development. But the regulatory mechanism underlying the secretory pathway of the tapetum is largely unknown. Here, we characterize the essential role of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) COPII protein SECRETORY31B (SEC31B) in pollen wall development and the secretory activity of tapetal cells. The sporophyte-controlled atsec31b mutant exhibits severe pollen and seed abortion. Transmission electron microscopy observation indicates that pollen exine formation in the atsec31b mutant is disrupted significantly. AtSEC31B is a functional COPII protein revealed by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site localization, interaction with AtSEC13A, and retarded ER-Golgi protein trafficking in the atsec31b mutant. A genetic tapetum-specific rescue assay indicates that AtSEC31B functions primarily in the tapetum. Moreover, deletion of AtSEC31B interrupted the formation of the ER-derived tapetosome and altered the location of the ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER9 protein in the tapetum. Therefore, this work demonstrates that AtSEC31B plays a vital role in pollen wall development by regulating the secretory pathway of the tapetal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchun Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Meidi Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China; and
- Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijia Zhuang 050024, People's Republic of China
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Lung SC, Chye ML. Deciphering the roles of acyl-CoA-binding proteins in plant cells. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1177-95. [PMID: 26340904 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lipid trafficking is vital for metabolite exchange and signal communications between organelles and endomembranes. Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) are involved in the intracellular transport, protection, and pool formation of acyl-CoA esters, which are important intermediates and regulators in lipid metabolism and cellular signaling. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of plant ACBP families from a cellular and developmental perspective. Plant ACBPs have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis thaliana (a dicot) and to a lesser extent in Oryza sativa (a monocot). Thus far, they have been detected in the plasma membrane, vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, apoplast, cytosol, nuclear periphery, and peroxisomes. In combination with biochemical and molecular genetic tools, the widespread subcellular distribution of respective ACBP members has been explicitly linked to their functions in lipid metabolism during development and in response to stresses. At the cellular level, strong expression of specific ACBP homologs in specialized cells, such as embryos, stem epidermis, guard cells, male gametophytes, and phloem sap, is of relevance to their corresponding distinct roles in organ development and stress responses. Other interesting patterns in their subcellular localization and spatial expression that prompt new directions in future investigations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Yim S, Khare D, Kang J, Hwang JU, Liang W, Martinoia E, Zhang D, Kang B, Lee Y. Postmeiotic development of pollen surface layers requires two Arabidopsis ABCG-type transporters. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1863-73. [PMID: 27271688 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Two Arabidopsis ABC transporters, ABCG1 and ABCG16, are expressed in the tapetal layer, specifically after postmeiotic microspore release, and play important roles in pollen surface development. The male gametophytic cells of terrestrial plants, the pollen grains, travel far before fertilization, and thus require strong protective layers, which take the form of a pollen coat and a pollen wall. The protective surface structures are generated by the tapetum, the tissue surrounding the developing gametophytes. Many ABC transporters, including Arabidopsis thaliana ABCG1 and ABCG16, have been shown to play essential roles in the development of such protective layers. However, the details of the mechanism of their function remain to be clarified. In this study, we show that ABCG1 and ABCG16 are localized at the plasma membrane of tapetal cells, specifically after postmeiotic microspore release, and play critical roles in the postmeiotic stages of male gametophyte development. Consistent with this stage-specific expression, the abcg1 abcg16 double knockout mutant exhibited defects in pollen development after postmeiotic microspore release; their microspores lacked intact nexine and intine layers, exhibited defects in pollen mitosis I, displayed ectopic deposits of arabinogalactan proteins, failed to complete cytokinesis, and lacked sperm cells. Interestingly, the double mutant exhibited abnormalities in the internal structures of tapetal cells, too; the storage organelles of tapetal cells, tapetosomes and elaioplasts, were morphologically altered. Thus, this work reveals that the lack of ABCG1 and ABCG16 at the tapetal cell membrane causes a broad range of defects in pollen, as well as in tapetal cells themselves. Furthermore, these results suggest that normal pollen surface development is necessary for normal development of the pollen cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Yim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Deepa Khare
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Joohyun Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Byungho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Korea.
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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Manan S, Chen B, She G, Wan X, Zhao J. Transport and transcriptional regulation of oil production in plants. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:641-655. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1212185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Manan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangbiao She
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Shitan N. Secondary metabolites in plants: transport and self-tolerance mechanisms. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1283-93. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1151344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plants produce a host of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities, including potential toxicity to eukaryotic cells. Plants generally manage these compounds by transport to the apoplast or specific organelles such as the vacuole, or other self-tolerance mechanisms. For efficient production of such bioactive compounds in plants or microbes, transport and self-tolerance mechanisms should function cooperatively with the corresponding biosynthetic enzymes. Intensive studies have identified and characterized the proteins responsible for transport and self-tolerance. In particular, many transporters have been isolated and their physiological functions have been proposed. This review describes recent progress in studies of transport and self-tolerance and provides an updated inventory of transporters according to their substrates. Application of such knowledge to synthetic biology might enable efficient production of valuable secondary metabolites in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
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72
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Sharma KD, Nayyar H. Regulatory Networks in Pollen Development under Cold Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:402. [PMID: 27066044 PMCID: PMC4814731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold stress modifies anthers' metabolic pathways to induce pollen sterility. Cold-tolerant plants, unlike the susceptible ones, produce high proportion of viable pollen. Anthers in susceptible plants, when exposed to cold stress, increase abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism and reduce ABA catabolism. Increased ABA negatively regulates expression of tapetum cell wall bound invertase and monosaccharide transport genes resulting in distorted carbohydrate pool in anther. Cold-stress also reduces endogenous levels of the bioactive gibberellins (GAs), GA4 and GA7, in susceptible anthers by repression of the GA biosynthesis genes. Here, we discuss recent findings on mechanisms of cold susceptibility in anthers which determine pollen sterility. We also discuss differences in regulatory pathways between cold-stressed anthers of susceptible and tolerant plants that decide pollen sterility or viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D. Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Agricultural UniversityPalampur, India
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab UniversityChandigarh, India
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73
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Li N, Xu C, Li-Beisson Y, Philippar K. Fatty Acid and Lipid Transport in Plant Cells. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:145-158. [PMID: 26616197 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) and lipids are essential - not only as membrane constituents but also for growth and development. In plants and algae, FAs are synthesized in plastids and to a large extent transported to the endoplasmic reticulum for modification and lipid assembly. Subsequently, lipophilic compounds are distributed within the cell, and thus are transported across most membrane systems. Membrane-intrinsic transporters and proteins for cellular FA/lipid transfer therefore represent key components for delivery and dissemination. In addition to highlighting their role in lipid homeostasis and plant performance, different transport mechanisms for land plants and green algae - in the model systems Arabidopsis thaliana, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - are compared, thereby providing a current perspective on protein-mediated FA and lipid trafficking in photosynthetic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Research Center of Bioenergy and Bioremediation (RCBB), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, P.R. China
| | - Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 50 Bell Avenue, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology, The French Atomic and Alternative Energy Commission, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Department of Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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74
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Zhao G, Shi J, Liang W, Zhang D. ATP binding cassette G transporters and plant male reproduction. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1136764. [PMID: 26906115 PMCID: PMC4883977 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1136764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The function of ATP Binding Cassette G (ABCG) transporters in the regulation of plant vegetative organs development has been well characterized in various plant species. In contrast, their function in reproductive development particularly male reproductive development received considerably less attention till some ABCG transporters was reported to be associated with anther and pollen wall development in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa) during the past decade. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge of ABCG transporters regarding to their roles in male reproduction and underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms, which makes it evident that ABCG transporters represent one of those conserved and divergent components closely related to male reproduction in plants. This mini-review also discusses the current challenges and future perspectives in this particular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU)-University of Adelaide Joint Center for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia, Australia
- Correspondence to: Guochao Zhao,
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75
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Abstract
Pollen plays important roles in the life cycle of angiosperms plants. It acts as not only a biological protector of male sperms but also a communicator between the male and the female reproductive organs, facilitating pollination and fertilization. Pollen is produced within the anther, and covered by the specialized outer envelope, pollen wall. Although the morphology of pollen varies among different plant species, the pollen wall is mainly comprised of three layers: the pollen coat, the outer exine layer, and the inner intine layer. Except the intine layer, the other two layers are basically of lipidic nature. Particularly, the outer pollen wall layer, the exine, is a highly resistant biopolymer of phenylpropanoid and lipidic monomers covalently coupled by ether and ester linkages. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying pollen coat formation and exine patterning remain largely elusive. Herein, we summarize the current genetic, phenotypic and biochemical studies regarding to the pollen exine development and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms mainly obtained from monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, aiming to extend our understandings of plant male reproductive biology. Genes, enzymes/proteins and regulatory factors that appear to play conserved and diversified roles in lipid biosynthesis, transportation and modification during pollen exine formation, were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jianxin Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xijia Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai, 200240, China
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76
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Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) play a pivotal role in fatty acid metabolism because they can transport medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters. In eukaryotic cells, ACBPs are involved in intracellular trafficking of acyl-CoA esters and formation of a cytosolic acyl-CoA pool. In addition to these ubiquitous functions, more specific non-redundant roles of plant ACBP subclasses are implicated by the existence of multigene families with variable molecular masses, ligand specificities, functional domains (e.g. protein-protein interaction domains), subcellular locations and gene expression patterns. In this chapter, recent progress in the characterization of ACBPs from the model dicot plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and the model monocot, Oryza sativa, and their emerging roles in plant growth and development are discussed. The functional significance of respective members of the plant ACBP families in various developmental and physiological processes such as seed development and germination, stem cuticle formation, pollen development, leaf senescence, peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation and phloem-mediated lipid transport is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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77
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Lung SC, Chye ML. The binding versatility of plant acyl-CoA-binding proteins and their significance in lipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1861:1409-1421. [PMID: 26747650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA esters are the activated form of fatty acids and play important roles in lipid metabolism and the regulation of cell functions. They are bound and transported by nonenzymic proteins such as the acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs). Although plant ACBPs were so named by virtue of amino acid homology to existing yeast and mammalian counterparts, recent studies revealed that ligand specificities of plant ACBPs are not restricted to acyl-CoA esters. Arabidopsis and rice ACBPs also interact with phospholipids, and their affinities to different acyl-CoA species and phospholipid classes vary amongst isoforms. Their ligands also include heavy metals. Interactors of plant ACBPs are further diversified due to the evolution of protein-protein interacting domains. This review summarizes our current understanding of plant ACBPs with a focus on their binding versatility. Their broad ligand range is of paramount significance in serving a multitude of functions during development and stress responses as discussed herein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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78
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Abstract
A gene family encoding six members of acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBP) exists in Arabidopsis and they are designated as AtACBP1-AtACBP6. They have been observed to play pivotal roles in plant lipid metabolism, consistent to the abilities of recombinant AtACBP in binding different medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters in vitro. While AtACBP1 and AtACBP2 are membrane-associated proteins with ankyrin repeats and AtACBP3 contains a signaling peptide for targeting to the apoplast, AtACBP4, AtACBP5 and AtACBP6 represent the cytosolic forms in the AtACBP family. They were verified to be subcellularly localized in the cytosol using diverse experimental methods, including cell fractionation followed by western blot analysis, immunoelectron microscopy and confocal laser-scanning microscopy using autofluorescence-tagged fusions. AtACBP4 (73.2 kDa) and AtACBP5 (70.1 kDa) are the largest, while AtACBP6 (10.4 kDa) is the smallest. Their binding affinities to oleoyl-CoA esters suggested that they can potentially transfer oleoyl-CoA esters from the plastids to the endoplasmic reticulum, facilitating the subsequent biosynthesis of non-plastidial membrane lipids in Arabidopsis. Recent studies on ACBP, extended from a dicot (Arabidopsis) to a monocot, revealed that six ACBP are also encoded in rice (Oryza sativa). Interestingly, three small rice ACBP (OsACBP1, OsACBP2 and OsACBP3) are present in the cytosol in comparison to one (AtACBP6) in Arabidopsis. In this review, the combinatory and distinct roles of the cytosolic AtACBP are discussed, including their functions in pollen and seed development, light-dependent regulation and substrate affinities to acyl-CoA esters.
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79
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Zhao G, Shi J, Liang W, Xue F, Luo Q, Zhu L, Qu G, Chen M, Schreiber L, Zhang D. Two ATP Binding Cassette G Transporters, Rice ATP Binding Cassette G26 and ATP Binding Cassette G15, Collaboratively Regulate Rice Male Reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2064-79. [PMID: 26392263 PMCID: PMC4634043 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Male reproduction in higher plants requires the support of various metabolites, including lipid molecules produced in the innermost anther wall layer (the tapetum), but how the molecules are allocated among different anther tissues remains largely unknown. Previously, rice (Oryza sativa) ATP binding cassette G15 (ABCG15) and its Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ortholog were shown to be required for pollen exine formation. Here, we report the significant role of OsABCG26 in regulating the development of anther cuticle and pollen exine together with OsABCG15 in rice. Cytological and chemical analyses indicate that osabcg26 shows reduced transport of lipidic molecules from tapetal cells for anther cuticle development. Supportively, the localization of OsABCG26 is on the plasma membrane of the anther wall layers. By contrast, OsABCG15 is polarly localized in tapetal plasma membrane facing anther locules. osabcg26 osabcg15 double mutant displays an almost complete absence of anther cuticle and pollen exine, similar to that of osabcg15 single mutant. Taken together, we propose that OsABCG26 and OsABCG15 collaboratively regulate rice male reproduction: OsABCG26 is mainly responsible for the transport of lipidic molecules from tapetal cells to anther wall layers, whereas OsABCG15 mainly is responsible for the export of lipidic molecules from the tapetal cells to anther locules for pollen exine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Jianxin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Feiyang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Guorun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China (G.Z., J.S., W.L., F.X., Q.L., L.Z., G.Q., M.C., D.Z.);Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany (L.S.); andSchool of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia (D.Z.)
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80
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Abstract
Subcellular flavonoid transport and its underlying regulatory mechanisms are still poorly understood, but are fascinating research frontiers in plant science. Recent studies support and further extend previous hypotheses indicating that vacuolar sequestration of flavonoids involves vesicle trafficking, membrane transporters, and glutathione S-transferase (GST). However, the question remains to be addressed of how three distinct but nonexclusive mechanisms are functionally integrated into diverse but redundant transport routes for vacuolar sequestration or extracellular secretion of flavonoids. In this review, I highlight recent progress in understanding flavonoid-transporting vesicle behavior and properties, GST and membrane transporter functions and mechanisms, and flavonoid transport substrate specificity and preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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81
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Bilichak A, Luu J, Eudes F. Intracellular delivery of fluorescent protein into viable wheat microspores using cationic peptides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:666. [PMID: 26379691 PMCID: PMC4552043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microspores are specialized generative cells with haploid genome that demonstrate the amenability toward embryogenesis under certain conditions. The induced microspore culture technique is largely exploited by the breeding programs of wheat and other crops due to its high efficiency for generation of the large number of haploid plants in the relatively short period of time. The ability to produce mature double haploid plant from a single cell has also attracted attention of the plant biotechnologists in the past few years. More importantly, the possibility to deliver proteins for improvement of embryogenesis and the genome modification purposes holds great potential for transgene-free wheat biotechnology. In the present study, we examined the ability of cationic and amphipathic cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) to convey a covalently-linked mCherry protein inside the viable microspores. We demonstrate that the affinity of CPPs to the microspore cells dependents on their charge with the highest efficiency of CPP-mCherry binding to the cells achieved by cationic CPPs (penetratin and R9). Additionally, due to overall negative charge of the microspore cell wall, the successful uptake of the protein cargo by live microspore cells is attained by utilization of a reversible disulfide bond between the R9 CPP and mCherry protein. Overall, the approach proposed herein can be applied by the other biotechnology groups for the fast and efficient screening of the different CPP candidates for their ability to deliver proteins inside the viable plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Bilichak
- Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLethbridge, AB, Canada
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82
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Liu J, Pang C, Wei H, Song M, Meng Y, Ma J, Fan S, Yu S. iTRAQ-facilitated proteomic profiling of anthers from a photosensitive male sterile mutant and wild-type cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J Proteomics 2015; 126:68-81. [PMID: 26047712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Male sterility is a common phenomenon in flowering plants, and it has been successfully developed in several crops by taking advantage of heterosis. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important economic crop, used mainly for the production of textile fiber. Using a space mutation breeding technique, a novel photosensitive genetic male sterile mutant CCRI9106 was isolated from the wild-type upland cotton cultivar CCRI040029. To use CCRI9106 in cotton hybrid breeding, it is of great importance to study the molecular mechanisms of its male sterility. Here, histological and iTRAQ-facilitated proteomic analyses of anthers were performed to explore male sterility mechanisms of the mutant. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the anthers showed that the development of pollen wall in CCRI9106 was severely defective with a lack of exine formation. At the protein level, 6121 high-confidence proteins were identified and 325 of them showed differential expression patterns between mutant and wild-type anthers. The proteins up- or down-regulated in MT anthers were mainly involved in exine formation, protein degradation, calcium ion binding,etc. These findings provide valuable information on the proteins involved in anther and pollen development, and contribute to elucidate the mechanism of male sterility in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Chaoyou Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hengling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Meizhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Yanyan Meng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plants in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430064, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianhui Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China.
| | - Shuxun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China.
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83
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Quilichini TD, Grienenberger E, Douglas CJ. The biosynthesis, composition and assembly of the outer pollen wall: A tough case to crack. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 113:170-82. [PMID: 24906292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The formation of the durable outer pollen wall, largely composed of sporopollenin, is essential for the protection of the male gametophyte and plant reproduction. Despite its apparent strict conservation amongst land plants, the composition of sporopollenin and the biosynthetic pathway(s) yielding this recalcitrant biopolymer remain elusive. Recent molecular genetic studies in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and rice have, however, identified key genes involved in sporopollenin formation, allowing a better understanding of the biochemistry and cell biology underlying sporopollenin biosynthesis and pollen wall development. Herein, current knowledge of the biochemical composition of the outer pollen wall is reviewed, with an emphasis on enzymes with characterized biochemical activities in sporopollenin and pollen coat biosynthesis. The tapetum, which forms the innermost sporophytic cell layer of the anther and envelops developing pollen, plays an essential role in sporopollenin and pollen coat formation. Recent studies show that several tapetum-expressed genes encode enzymes that metabolize fatty acid derived compounds to form putative sporopollenin precursors, including tetraketides derived from fatty acyl-CoA starter molecules, but analysis of mutants defective in pollen wall development indicate that other components are also incorporated into sporopollenin. Also highlighted are the many uncertainties remaining in the development of a sporopollenin-fortified pollen wall, particularly in relation to the mechanisms of sporopollenin precursor transport and assembly into the patterned form of the pollen wall. A working model for sporopollenin biosynthesis is proposed based on the data obtained largely from studies of Arabidopsis, and future challenges to complete our understanding of pollen wall biology are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagen D Quilichini
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Etienne Grienenberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carl J Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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84
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Hsiao AS, Yeung EC, Ye ZW, Chye ML. The Arabidopsis cytosolic Acyl-CoA-binding proteins play combinatory roles in pollen development. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:322-33. [PMID: 25395473 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, six acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) have been identified and they have been demonstrated to function in plant stress responses and development. Three of these AtACBPs (AtACBP4-AtACBP6) are cytosolic proteins and all are expressed in floral organs as well as in other tissues. The roles of cytosolic AtACBPs in floral development were addressed in this study. To this end, a T-DNA insertional knockout mutant of acbp5 was characterized before use in crosses with the already available acbp4 and acbp6 T-DNA knockout mutants to examine their independent and combinatory functions in floral development. The single-gene knockout mutations did not cause any significant phenotypic changes, while phenotypic deficiencies affecting siliques and pollen were observed in the double mutants (acbp4acbp6 and acbp5acbp6) and the acbp4acbp5acbp6 triple mutant. Vacuole accumulation in the acbp4acbp6, acbp5acbp6 and acbp4acbp5acbp6 pollen was the most severe abnormality occurring in the double and triple mutants. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed exine and oil body defects in the acbp4acbp5acbp6 mutant, which also displayed reduced ability in in vitro pollen germination. Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing β-glucuronidase (GUS) driven from the various AtACBP promoters indicated that AtACBP6pro::GUS expression overlapped with AtACBP4pro::GUS expression in pollen grains and with AtACBP5pro::GUS expression in the microspores and tapetal cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the three cytosolic AtACBPs play combinatory roles in acyl-lipid metabolism during pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Shan Hsiao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward C Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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85
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Wallace S, Chater CC, Kamisugi Y, Cuming AC, Wellman CH, Beerling DJ, Fleming AJ. Conservation of Male Sterility 2 function during spore and pollen wall development supports an evolutionarily early recruitment of a core component in the sporopollenin biosynthetic pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:390-401. [PMID: 25195943 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The early evolution of plants required the acquisition of a number of key adaptations to overcome physiological difficulties associated with survival on land. One of these was a tough sporopollenin wall that enclosed reproductive propagules and provided protection from desiccation and UV-B radiation. All land plants possess such walled spores (or their derived homologue, pollen). We took a reverse genetics approach, consisting of knock-out and complementation experiments to test the functional conservation of the sporopollenin-associated gene MALE STERILTY 2 (which is essential for pollen wall development in Arabidopsis thaliana) in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens. Knock-outs of a putative moss homologue of the A. thaliana MS2 gene, which is highly expressed in the moss sporophyte, led to spores with highly defective walls comparable to that observed in the A. thaliana ms2 mutant, and extremely compromised germination. Conversely, the moss MS2 gene could not rescue the A. thaliana ms2 phenotype. The results presented here suggest that a core component of the biochemical and developmental pathway required for angiosperm pollen wall development was recruited early in land plant evolution but the continued increase in pollen wall complexity observed in angiosperms has been accompanied by divergence in MS2 gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wallace
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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86
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Gu JN, Zhu J, Yu Y, Teng XD, Lou Y, Xu XF, Liu JL, Yang ZN. DYT1 directly regulates the expression of TDF1 for tapetum development and pollen wall formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:1005-13. [PMID: 25284309 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The tapetum plays a critical role during the development and maturation of microspores. DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1) is essential for early tapetal development. Here, we determined that the promoter region (-550 to -463 bp) contains indispensable cis-elements for DYT1 expression. Although DYT1 transcripts can be detected in both meiocytes and tapetal cells, localization of DYT1-GFP demonstrated that DYT1 is strictly located in tapetal cells during microsporogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed that DYT1 directly binds the promoter region of Defective in Tapetal Development and Function 1 (TDF1), a transcription factor essential for tapetum development. When TDF1 driven by the DYT1 promoter is expressed in a dyt1 mutant, the expression of the transcription factors AMS, MS188/MYB80, TEK and MS1 and the pollen wall-related genes are restored. Although the pollen wall is not formed and the microspores are ruptured, DIOC2 staining showed that fatty acids, the precursors of the pollen wall, were synthesized in the transgenic lines. These results indicate that DYT1 regulates the expression of AMS, MS188/MYB80, TEK and MS1 for pollen wall formation, primarily via TDF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Nan Gu
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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87
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Wu L, Guan Y, Wu Z, Yang K, Lv J, Converse R, Huang Y, Mao J, Zhao Y, Wang Z, Min H, Kan D, Zhang Y. OsABCG15 encodes a membrane protein that plays an important role in anther cuticle and pollen exine formation in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2014; 33:1881-99. [PMID: 25138437 PMCID: PMC4197380 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An ABC transporter gene ( OsABCG15 ) was proven to be involved in pollen development in rice. The corresponding protein was localized on the plasma membrane using subcellular localization. Wax, cutin, and sporopollenin are important for normal development of the anther cuticle and pollen exine, respectively. Their lipid soluble precursors, which are produced in the tapetum, are then secreted and transferred to the anther and microspore surface for polymerization. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the transport of these precursors. Here, we identified and characterized a member of the G subfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, OsABCG15, which is required for the secretion of these lipid-soluble precursors in rice. Using map-based cloning, we found a spontaneous A-to-C transition in the fourth exon of OsABCG15 that caused an amino acid substitution of Thr-to-Pro in the predicted ATP-binding domain of the protein sequence. This osabcg15 mutant failed to produce any viable pollen and was completely male sterile. Histological analysis indicated that osabcg15 exhibited an undeveloped anther cuticle, enlarged middle layer, abnormal Ubisch body development, tapetum degeneration with a falling apart style, and collapsed pollen grains without detectable exine. OsABCG15 was expressed preferentially in the tapetum, and the fused GFP-OsABCG15 protein was localized to the plasma membrane. Our results suggested that OsABCG15 played an essential role in the formation of the rice anther cuticle and pollen exine. This role may include the secretion of the lipid precursors from the tapetum to facilitate the transfer of precursors to the surface of the anther epidermis as well as to microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yusheng Guan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zigang Wu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jun Lv
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Richard Converse
- Cincinnati State Technical and Community College, 3520 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA
| | - Yuanxin Huang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Jinxiong Mao
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Hengqi Min
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Dongyang Kan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715 China
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88
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Quilichini TD, Samuels AL, Douglas CJ. ABCG26-mediated polyketide trafficking and hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines contribute to pollen wall exine formation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4483-98. [PMID: 25415974 PMCID: PMC4277217 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.130484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains are encased by a multilayered, multifunctional wall. The sporopollenin and pollen coat constituents of the outer pollen wall (exine) are contributed by surrounding sporophytic tapetal cells. Because the biosynthesis and development of the exine occurs in the innermost cell layers of the anther, direct observations of this process are difficult. The objective of this study was to investigate the transport and assembly of exine components from tapetal cells to microspores in the intact anthers of Arabidopsis thaliana. Intrinsically fluorescent components of developing tapetum and microspores were imaged in intact, live anthers using two-photon microscopy. Mutants of ABCG26, which encodes an ATP binding cassette transporter required for exine formation, accumulated large fluorescent vacuoles in tapetal cells, with corresponding loss of fluorescence on microspores. These vacuolar inclusions were not observed in tapetal cells of double mutants of abcg26 and genes encoding the proposed sporopollenin polyketide biosynthetic metabolon (ACYL COENZYME A SYNTHETASE5, POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE A [PKSA], PKSB, and TETRAKETIDE α-PYRONE REDUCTASE1), providing a genetic link between transport by ABCG26 and polyketide biosynthesis. Genetic analysis also showed that hydroxycinnamoyl spermidines, known components of the pollen coat, were exported from tapeta prior to programmed cell death in the absence of polyketides, raising the possibility that they are incorporated into the exine prior to pollen coat deposition. We propose a model where ABCG26-exported polyketides traffic from tapetal cells to form the sporopollenin backbone, in coordination with the trafficking of additional constituents, prior to tapetum programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagen D Quilichini
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carl J Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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89
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Sharma KD, Nayyar H. Cold stress alters transcription in meiotic anthers of cold tolerant chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:717. [PMID: 25306382 PMCID: PMC4201710 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cold stress at reproductive phase in susceptible chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) leads to pollen sterility induced flower abortion. The tolerant genotypes, on the other hand, produce viable pollen and set seed under cold stress. Genomic information on pollen development in cold-tolerant chickpea under cold stress is currently unavailable. Results DDRT-PCR analysis was carried out to identify anther genes involved in cold tolerance in chickpea genotype ICC16349 (cold-tolerant). A total of 9205 EST bands were analyzed. Cold stress altered expression of 127 ESTs (90 up-regulated, 37 down-regulated) in anthers, more than two third (92) of which were novel with unknown protein identity and function. Remaining about one third (35) belonged to several functional categories such as pollen development, signal transduction, ion transport, transcription, carbohydrate metabolism, translation, energy and cell division. The categories with more number of transcripts were carbohydrate/triacylglycerol metabolism, signal transduction, pollen development and transport. All but two transcripts in these categories were up-regulated under cold stress. To identify time of regulation after stress and organ specificity, expression levels of 25 differentially regulated transcripts were also studied in anthers at six time points and in four organs (anthers, gynoecium, leaves and roots) at four time points. Conclusions Limited number of genes were involved in regulating cold tolerance in chickpea anthers. Moreover, the cold tolerance was manifested by up-regulation of majority of the differentially expressed transcripts. The anthers appeared to employ dual cold tolerance mechanism based on their protection from cold by enhancing triacylglycerol and carbohydrate metabolism; and maintenance of normal pollen development by regulating pollen development genes. Functional characterization of about two third of the novel genes is needed to have precise understanding of the cold tolerance mechanisms in chickpea anthers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-0500-7-717) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Dev Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur 176062 HP, India.
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90
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Quilichini TD, Douglas CJ, Samuels AL. New views of tapetum ultrastructure and pollen exine development in Arabidopsis thaliana. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1189-201. [PMID: 24723448 PMCID: PMC4195548 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Arabidopsis thaliana pollen cell wall is a complex structure consisting of an outer sporopollenin framework and lipid-rich coat, as well as an inner cellulosic wall. Although mutant analysis has been a useful tool to study pollen cell walls, the ultrastructure of the arabidopsis anther has proved to be challenging to preserve for electron microscopy. METHODS In this work, high-pressure freezing/freeze substitution and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the sequence of developmental events in the anther that lead to sporopollenin deposition to form the exine and the dramatic differentiation and death of the tapetum, which produces the pollen coat. KEY RESULTS Cryo-fixation revealed a new view of the interplay between sporophytic anther tissues and gametophytic microspores over the course of pollen development, especially with respect to the intact microspore/pollen wall and the continuous tapetum epithelium. These data reveal the ultrastructure of tapetosomes and elaioplasts, highly specialized tapetum organelles that accumulate pollen coat components. The tapetum and middle layer of the anther also remain intact into the tricellular pollen and late uninucleate microspore stages, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This high-quality structural information, interpreted in the context of recent functional studies, provides the groundwork for future mutant studies where tapetum and microspore ultrastructure is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagen D Quilichini
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carl J Douglas
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A Lacey Samuels
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6 T 1Z4, Canada
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91
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Yadav V, Molina I, Ranathunge K, Castillo IQ, Rothstein SJ, Reed JW. ABCG transporters are required for suberin and pollen wall extracellular barriers in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3569-88. [PMID: 25217507 PMCID: PMC4213157 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.129049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective regulation of water balance in plants requires localized extracellular barriers that control water and solute movement. We describe a clade of five Arabidopsis thaliana ABCG half-transporters that are required for synthesis of an effective suberin barrier in roots and seed coats (ABCG2, ABCG6, and ABCG20) and for synthesis of an intact pollen wall (ABCG1 and ABCG16). Seed coats of abcg2 abcg6 abcg20 triple mutant plants had increased permeability to tetrazolium red and decreased suberin content. The root system of triple mutant plants was more permeable to water and salts in a zone complementary to that affected by the Casparian strip. Suberin of mutant roots and seed coats had distorted lamellar structure and reduced proportions of aliphatic components. Root wax from the mutant was deficient in alkylhydroxycinnamate esters. These mutant plants also had few lateral roots and precocious secondary growth in primary roots. abcg1 abcg16 double mutants defective in the other two members of the clade had pollen with defects in the nexine layer of the tapetum-derived exine pollen wall and in the pollen-derived intine layer. Mutant pollen collapsed at the time of anther desiccation. These mutants reveal transport requirements for barrier synthesis as well as physiological and developmental consequences of barrier deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Yadav
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
| | - Isabel Molina
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Kosala Ranathunge
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Steven J Rothstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jason W Reed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280
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92
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Nguyen VNT, Moon S, Jung KH. Genome-wide expression analysis of rice ABC transporter family across spatio-temporal samples and in response to abiotic stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1276-88. [PMID: 25014263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Although the super family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins plays key roles in the physiology and development of plants, the functions of members of this interesting family mostly remain to be clarified, especially in crop plants. Thus, systematic analysis of this family in rice (Oryza sativa), a major model crop plant, will be helpful in the design of effective strategies for functional analysis. Phylogenomic analysis that integrates anatomy and stress meta-profiling data based on a large collection of rice Affymetrix array data into the phylogenic context provides useful clues into the functions for each of the ABC transporter family members in rice. Using anatomy data, we identified 17 root-preferred and 16-shoot preferred genes at the vegetative stage, and 3 pollen, 2 embryo, 2 ovary, 2 endosperm, and 1 anther-preferred gene at the reproductive stage. The stress data revealed significant up-regulation or down-regulation of 47 genes under heavy metal treatment, 16 genes under nutrient deficient conditions, and 51 genes under abiotic stress conditions. Of these, we confirmed the differential expression patterns of 14 genes in root samples exposed to drought stress using quantitative real-time PCR. Network analysis using RiceNet suggests a functional gene network involving nine rice ABC transporters that are differentially regulated by drought stress in root, further enhancing the prediction of biological function. Our analysis provides a molecular basis for the study of diverse biological phenomena mediated by the ABC family in rice and will contribute to the enhancement of crop yield and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Ngoc Tuyet Nguyen
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunok Moon
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Department of Plant Molecular Systems Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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93
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Li C, Miao H, Wei L, Zhang T, Han X, Zhang H. Association mapping of seed oil and protein content in Sesamum indicum L. using SSR markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105757. [PMID: 25153139 PMCID: PMC4143287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesame is an important oil crop for the high oil content and quality. The seed oil and protein contents are two important traits in sesame. To identify the molecular markers associated with the seed oil and protein contents in sesame, we systematically performed the association mapping among 369 worldwide germplasm accessions under 5 environments using 112 polymorphic SSR markers. The general linear model (GLM) was applied with the criteria of logP≥3.0 and high stability under all 5 environments. Among the 369 sesame accessions, the oil content ranged from 27.89%–58.73% and the protein content ranged from 16.72%–27.79%. A significant negative correlation of the oil content with the protein content was found in the population. A total of 19 markers for oil content were detected with a R2 value range from 4% to 29%; 24 markers for protein content were detected with a R2 value range from 3% to 29%, of which 19 markers were associated with both traits. Moreover, partial markers were confirmed using mixed linear model (MLM) method, which suggested that the oil and protein contents are controlled mostly by major genes. Allele effect analysis showed that the allele associated with high oil content was always associated with low protein content, and vice versa. Of the 19 markers associated with oil content, 17 presented near the locations of the plant lipid pathway genes and 2 were located just next to a fatty acid elongation gene and a gene encoding Stearoyl-ACP Desaturase, respectively. The findings provided a valuable foundation for oil synthesis gene identification and molecular marker assistant selection (MAS) breeding in sesame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Miao
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Libin Wei
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tide Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuhua Han
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Henan Sesame Research Center, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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94
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Zhang D, Liu D, Lv X, Wang Y, Xun Z, Liu Z, Li F, Lu H. The cysteine protease CEP1, a key executor involved in tapetal programmed cell death, regulates pollen development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2939-61. [PMID: 25035401 PMCID: PMC4145124 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tapetal programmed cell death (PCD) is a prerequisite for pollen grain development in angiosperms, and cysteine proteases are the most ubiquitous hydrolases involved in plant PCD. We identified a papain-like cysteine protease, CEP1, which is involved in tapetal PCD and pollen development in Arabidopsis thaliana. CEP1 is expressed specifically in the tapetum from stages 5 to 11 of anther development. The CEP1 protein first appears as a proenzyme in precursor protease vesicles and is then transported to the vacuole and transformed into the mature enzyme before rupture of the vacuole. cep1 mutants exhibited aborted tapetal PCD and decreased pollen fertility with abnormal pollen exine. A transcriptomic analysis revealed that 872 genes showed significantly altered expression in the cep1 mutants, and most of them are important for tapetal cell wall organization, tapetal secretory structure formation, and pollen development. CEP1 overexpression caused premature tapetal PCD and pollen infertility. ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed that the CEP1 expression level showed a strong relationship to the degree of tapetal PCD and pollen fertility. Our results reveal that CEP1 is a crucial executor during tapetal PCD and that proper CEP1 expression is necessary for timely degeneration of tapetal cells and functional pollen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Lv
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhili Xun
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglan Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Lu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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95
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Matsuda S, Nagasawa H, Yamashiro N, Yasuno N, Watanabe T, Kitazawa H, Takano S, Tokuji Y, Tani M, Takamure I, Kato K. Rice RCN1/OsABCG5 mutation alters accumulation of essential and nonessential minerals and causes a high Na/K ratio, resulting in a salt-sensitive phenotype. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 224:103-111. [PMID: 24908511 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mineral balance and salt stress are major factors affecting plant growth and yield. Here, we characterized the effects of rice (Oryza sativa L.) reduced culm number1 (rcn1), encoding a G subfamily ABC transporter (OsABCG5) involved in accumulation of essential and nonessential minerals, the Na/K ratio, and salt tolerance. Reduced potassium and elevated sodium in field-grown plants were evident in rcn1 compared to original line 'Shiokari' and four independent rcn mutants, rcn2, rcn4, rcn5 and rcn6. A high Na/K ratio was evident in the shoots and roots of rcn1 under K starvation and salt stress in hydroponically cultured plants. Downregulation of SKC1/OsHKT1;5 in rcn1 shoots under salt stress demonstrated that normal function of RCN1/OsABCG5 is essential for upregulation of SKC1/OsHKT1;5 under salt stress. The accumulation of various minerals in shoots and roots was also altered in the rcn1 mutant compared to 'Shiokari' under control conditions, potassium starvation, and salt and d-sorbitol treatments. The rcn1 mutation resulted in a salt-sensitive phenotype. We concluded that RCN1/OsABCG5 is a salt tolerance factor that acts via Na/K homeostasis, at least partly by regulation of SKC1/OsHKT1;5 in shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nagasawa
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yamashiro
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Yasuno
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Kitazawa
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Sho Takano
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Tokuji
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tani
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Itsuro Takamure
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Kato
- Department of Agro-Environmental Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-11 Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Zheng BB, Fang YN, Pan ZY, Sun L, Deng XX, Grosser JW, Guo WW. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis revealed alterations of carbohydrate metabolism pathways and mitochondrial proteins in a male sterile cybrid pummelo. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2998-3015. [PMID: 24824475 DOI: 10.1021/pr500126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive and quantitative proteomic information on citrus floral bud is significant for understanding male sterility of the cybrid pummelo (G1+HBP) with nuclear genome of HBP and foreign mitochondrial genome of G1. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses of the anthers showed that the development of pollen wall in G1+HBP was severely defective with a lack of exine and sporopollenin formation. Proteomic analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between male sterile G1+HBP and fertile type (HBP) with the aim to clarify their potential roles in anther development and male sterility. On the basis of iTRAQ quantitative proteomics, we identified 2235 high-confidence protein groups, 666 of which showed differentially expressed profiles in one or more stages. Proteins up- or down-regulated in G1+HBP were mainly involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism (e.g., pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATP synthase, and malate dehydrogenase), nucleotide binding (RNA-binding proteins), protein synthesis and degradation (e.g., ribosome proteins and proteasome subunits). Additionally, the proteins located in mitochondria also showed changed expression patterns. These findings provide a valuable inventory of proteins involved in floral bud development and contribute to elucidate the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility in the cybrid pummelo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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The tapetal AHL family protein TEK determines nexine formation in the pollen wall. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3855. [PMID: 24804694 PMCID: PMC4024750 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollen wall, an essential structure for pollen function, consists of two layers, an inner intine and an outer exine. The latter is further divided into sexine and nexine. Many genes involved in sexine development have been reported, in which the MYB transcription factor Male Sterile 188 (MS188) specifies sexine in Arabidopsis. However, nexine formation remains poorly understood. Here we report the knockout of TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK) leads to nexine absence in Arabidopsis. TEK encodes an AT-hook nuclear localized family protein highly expressed in tapetum during the tetrad stage. Absence of nexine in tek disrupts the deposition of intine without affecting sexine formation. We find that ABORTED MICROSPORES directly regulates the expression of TEK and MS188 in tapetum for the nexine and sexine formation, respectively. Our data show that a transcriptional cascade in the tapetum specifies the development of pollen wall. The nexine is a conserved layer of the pollen wall in land plants. The authors show that the AHL family protein TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT SILENCING VIA AT-HOOK (TEK) is necessary for nexine formation in Arabidopsis, acting downstream of the transcription factor ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS).
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Choi H, Ohyama K, Kim YY, Jin JY, Lee SB, Yamaoka Y, Muranaka T, Suh MC, Fujioka S, Lee Y. The role of Arabidopsis ABCG9 and ABCG31 ATP binding cassette transporters in pollen fitness and the deposition of steryl glycosides on the pollen coat. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:310-24. [PMID: 24474628 PMCID: PMC3963578 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The pollen coat protects pollen grains from harmful environmental stresses such as drought and cold. Many compounds in the pollen coat are synthesized in the tapetum. However, the pathway by which they are transferred to the pollen surface remains obscure. We found that two Arabidopsis thaliana ATP binding cassette transporters, ABCG9 and ABCG31, were highly expressed in the tapetum and are involved in pollen coat deposition. Upon exposure to dry air, many abcg9 abcg31 pollen grains shriveled up and collapsed, and this phenotype was restored by complementation with ABCG9pro:GFP:ABCG9. GFP-tagged ABCG9 or ABCG31 localized to the plasma membrane. Electron microscopy revealed that the mutant pollen coat resembled the immature coat of the wild type, which contained many electron-lucent structures. Steryl glycosides were reduced to about half of wild-type levels in the abcg9 abcg31 pollen, but no differences in free sterols or steryl esters were observed. A mutant deficient in steryl glycoside biosynthesis, ugt80A2 ugt80B1, exhibited a similar phenotype. Together, these results indicate that steryl glycosides are critical for pollen fitness, by supporting pollen coat maturation, and that ABCG9 and ABCG31 contribute to the accumulation of this sterol on the surface of pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Choi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology–University of Zurich Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Kiyoshi Ohyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0045, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yu-Young Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology–University of Zurich Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Jin
- Pohang University of Science and Technology–University of Zurich Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Saet Buyl Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Pohang University of Science and Technology–University of Zurich Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0045, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Pohang University of Science and Technology–University of Zurich Cooperative Laboratory, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
- Address correspondence to
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Jarzyniak KM, Jasiński M. Membrane transporters and drought resistance - a complex issue. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:687. [PMID: 25538721 PMCID: PMC4255493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Land plants have evolved complex adaptation strategies to survive changes in water status in the environment. Understanding the molecular nature of such adaptive changes allows the development of rapid innovations to improve crop performance. Plant membrane transport systems play a significant role when adjusting to water scarcity. Here we put proteins participating in transmembrane allocations of various molecules in the context of stomatal, cuticular, and root responses, representing a part of the drought resistance strategy. Their role in the transport of signaling molecules, ions or osmolytes is summarized and the challenge of the forthcoming research, resulting from the recent discoveries, is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Jarzyniak
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesPoznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life SciencesPoznań, Poland
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of SciencesPoznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life SciencesPoznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Michał Jasiński, Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Department of Natural Products Biochemistry, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, Poznań 61-704, Poland e-mail:
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