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Zhou H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Nadeem H, Tang C. Flagellin C decreases the expression of the Gossypium hirsutum cation/proton exchanger 3 gene to promote calcium ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide and synergistically regulate the resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:969506. [PMID: 36212377 PMCID: PMC9532700 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.969506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To date, no ideal effective method for controlling Verticillium wilt in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) has been defined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects and mechanism through which flagellin C (FLiC) regulates the Gossypium hirsutum cation/proton exchanger 3 gene (GhCAX3), induces plant immunity, and increases resistance to Verticillium wilt. The FLiC gene was cloned from an endophytic bacterium (Pseudomonas) isolated from roots of the upland cotton cultivar Zhongmiansuo 41. The biocontrol effects of FLiC purified in vitro on resistant and susceptible upland cotton cultivars were 47.50 and 32.42%, respectively. FLiC induced a hypersensitive response (HR) in leaves of tobacco and immune responses in upland cotton. Transcriptome data showed that treatment with FLiC significantly enriched the calcium antiporter activity-associated disease-resistant metabolic pathway in seedlings. Moreover, FLiC downregulated GhCAX3 expression to increase intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) content and stimulate increases in the intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) contents. The coordinated regulation of Ca2+, H2O2, and NO enhanced cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing FLiC showed significantly improved resistance to Verticillium wilt. FLiC may be used as a resistance gene and a regulator to improve resistance to Verticillium dahliae (VD) in upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Yijing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hasan Nadeem
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Canming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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52
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Liu L, Song W, Huang S, Jiang K, Moriwaki Y, Wang Y, Men Y, Zhang D, Wen X, Han Z, Chai J, Guo H. Extracellular pH sensing by plant cell-surface peptide-receptor complexes. Cell 2022; 185:3341-3355.e13. [PMID: 35998629 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular pH is a vital regulator of various biological processes in plants. However, how plants perceive extracellular pH remains obscure. Here, we report that plant cell-surface peptide-receptor complexes can function as extracellular pH sensors. We found that pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) dramatically alkalinizes the acidic extracellular pH in root apical meristem (RAM) region, which is essential for root meristem growth factor 1 (RGF1)-mediated RAM growth. The extracellular alkalinization progressively inhibits the acidic-dependent interaction between RGF1 and its receptors (RGFRs) through the pH sensor sulfotyrosine. Conversely, extracellular alkalinization promotes the alkaline-dependent binding of plant elicitor peptides (Peps) to its receptors (PEPRs) through the pH sensor Glu/Asp, thereby promoting immunity. A domain swap between RGFR and PEPR switches the pH dependency of RAM growth. Thus, our results reveal a mechanism of extracellular pH sensing by plant peptide-receptor complexes and provide insights into the extracellular pH-mediated regulation of growth and immunity in the RAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Wen Song
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany; Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shijia Huang
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; SUSTech Academy for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yoshitaka Moriwaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongfan Men
- Research Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jijie Chai
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne 50923, Germany; Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Elicitation of Roots and AC-DC with PEP-13 Peptide Shows Differential Defense Responses in Multi-Omics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162605. [PMID: 36010682 PMCID: PMC9406913 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The root extracellular trap (RET) has emerged as a specialized compartment consisting of root AC-DC and mucilage. However, the RET’s contribution to plant defense is still poorly understood. While the roles of polysaccharides and glycoproteins secreted by root AC-DC have started to be elucidated, how the low-molecular-weight exudates of the RET contribute to root defense is poorly known. In order to better understand the RET and its defense response, the transcriptomes, proteomes and metabolomes of roots, root AC-DC and mucilage of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr, var. Castetis) upon elicitation with the peptide PEP-13 were investigated. This peptide is derived from the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora sojae. In this study, the root and the RET responses to elicitation were dissected and sequenced using transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic approaches. The major finding is increased synthesis and secretion of specialized metabolites upon induced defense activation following PEP-13 peptide elicitation. This study provides novel findings related to the pivotal role of the root extracellular trap in root defense.
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Zhu L, Huang J, Lu X, Zhou C. Development of plant systemic resistance by beneficial rhizobacteria: Recognition, initiation, elicitation and regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952397. [PMID: 36017257 PMCID: PMC9396261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A plant growing in nature is not an individual, but it holds an intricate community of plants and microbes with relatively stable partnerships. The microbial community has recently been demonstrated to be closely linked with plants since their earliest evolution, to help early land plants adapt to environmental threats. Mounting evidence has indicated that plants can release diverse kinds of signal molecules to attract beneficial bacteria for mediating the activities of their genetics and biochemistry. Several rhizobacterial strains can promote plant growth and enhance the ability of plants to withstand pathogenic attacks causing various diseases and loss in crop productivity. Beneficial rhizobacteria are generally called as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that induce systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogen infection. These ISR-eliciting microbes can mediate the morphological, physiological and molecular responses of plants. In the last decade, the mechanisms of microbial signals, plant receptors, and hormone signaling pathways involved in the process of PGPR-induced ISR in plants have been well investigated. In this review, plant recognition, microbial elicitors, and the related pathways during plant-microbe interactions are discussed, with highlights on the roles of root hair-specific syntaxins and small RNAs in the regulation of the PGPR-induced ISR in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Huang
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoming Lu
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Key Lab of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Creation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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55
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Legume plant defenses and nutrients mediate indirect interactions between soil rhizobia and chewing herbivores. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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56
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Cook J, Hui JPM, Zhang J, Kember M, Berrué F, Zhang J, Cheng Z. Production of quorum sensing-related metabolites and phytoalexins during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Brassica napus interaction. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35980361 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that has been shown to interact with many organisms throughout the domains of life, including plants. How this broad-host-range bacterium interacts with each of its diverse hosts, especially the metabolites that mediate these interactions, is not completely known. In this work, we used a liquid culture root infection system to collect plant and bacterial metabolites on days 1, 3 and 5 post-P. aeruginosa (strain PA14) infection of the oilseed plant, canola (Brassica napus). Using MS-based metabolomics approaches, we identified the overproduction of quorum sensing (QS)-related (both signalling molecules and regulated products) metabolites by P. aeruginosa while interacting with canola plants. However, the P. aeruginosa infection induced the production of several phytoalexins, which is a part of the hallmark plant defence response to microbes. The QS system of PA14 appears to only mediate part of the canola-P. aeruginosa metabolomic interactions, as the use of isogenic mutant strains of each of the three QS signalling branches did not significantly affect the induction of the phytoalexin brassilexin, while induction of spirobrassinin was significantly decreased. Interestingly, a treatment of purified QS molecules in the absence of bacteria was not able to induce any phytoalexin production, suggesting that active bacterial colonization is required for eliciting phytoalexin production. Furthermore, we identified that brassilexin, the only commercially available phytoalexin that was detected in this study, demonstrated a MIC of 400 µg ml-1 against P. aeruginosa PA14. The production of phytoalexins can be an effective component of canola innate immunity to keep potential infections by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa at bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Joseph P M Hui
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Janie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michaela Kember
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Fabrice Berrué
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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57
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Zhang X, Khadka P, Puchalski P, Leehan JD, Rossi FR, Okumoto S, Pilot G, Danna CH. MAMP-elicited changes in amino acid transport activity contribute to restricting bacterial growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:2315-2331. [PMID: 35579373 PMCID: PMC9342991 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants live under the constant challenge of microbes that probe the environment in search of potential hosts. Plant cells perceive microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) from incoming microbes and activate defense responses that suppress attempted infections. Despite the substantial progress made in understanding MAMP-triggered signaling pathways, the downstream mechanisms that suppress bacterial growth and disease remain poorly understood. Here, we uncover how MAMP perception in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) elicits dynamic changes in extracellular concentrations of free L-amino acids (AA). Within the first 3 h of MAMP perception, a fast and transient inhibition of AA uptake produces a transient increase in extracellular AA concentrations. Within 4 and 12 h of MAMP perception, a sustained enhanced uptake activity decreases the extracellular concentrations of AA. Gene expression analysis showed that salicylic acid-mediated signaling contributes to inducing the expression of AA/H+ symporters responsible for the MAMP-induced enhanced uptake. A screening of loss-of-function mutants identified the AA/H+ symporter lysin/histidine transporter-1 as an important contributor to MAMP-induced enhanced uptake of AA. Infection assays in lht1-1 seedlings revealed that high concentrations of extracellular AA promote bacterial growth in the absence of induced defense elicitation but contribute to suppressing bacterial growth upon MAMP perception. Overall, the data presented in this study reveal a mechanistic connection between MAMP-induced plant defense and suppression of bacterial growth through the modulation of AA transport activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Pramod Khadka
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Patryk Puchalski
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Joss D Leehan
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Franco R Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM)—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Buenos Aires 7130, Argentina
| | | | - Guillaume Pilot
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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The receptor kinase SRF3 coordinates iron-level and flagellin dependent defense and growth responses in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4445. [PMID: 35915109 PMCID: PMC9343624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is critical for host–pathogen interactions. While pathogens seek to scavenge iron to spread, the host aims at decreasing iron availability to reduce pathogen virulence. Thus, iron sensing and homeostasis are of particular importance to prevent host infection and part of nutritional immunity. While the link between iron homeostasis and immunity pathways is well established in plants, how iron levels are sensed and integrated with immune response pathways remains unknown. Here we report a receptor kinase SRF3, with a role in coordinating root growth, iron homeostasis and immunity pathways via regulation of callose synthases. These processes are modulated by iron levels and rely on SRF3 extracellular and kinase domains which tune its accumulation and partitioning at the cell surface. Mimicking bacterial elicitation with the flagellin peptide flg22 phenocopies SRF3 regulation upon low iron levels and subsequent SRF3-dependent responses. We propose that SRF3 is part of nutritional immunity responses involved in sensing external iron levels. Iron homeostasis is known to influence plant immune signaling. Here the authors characterize SRF3, a receptor kinase that acts as a negative regulator of callose synthesis, that is required for root responses to iron deficiency and pathogen signals.
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59
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Yu J, Tu X, Huang AC. Functions and biosynthesis of plant signaling metabolites mediating plant-microbe interactions. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1393-1422. [PMID: 35766105 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2015-2022Plants and microbes have coevolved since their appearance, and their interactions, to some extent, define plant health. A reasonable fraction of small molecules plants produced are involved in mediating plant-microbe interactions, yet their functions and biosynthesis remain fragmented. The identification of these compounds and their biosynthetic genes will open up avenues for plant fitness improvement by manipulating metabolite-mediated plant-microbe interactions. Herein, we integrate the current knowledge on their chemical structures, bioactivities, and biosynthesis with the view of providing a high-level overview on their biosynthetic origins and evolutionary trajectory, and pinpointing the yet unknown and key enzymatic steps in diverse biosynthetic pathways. We further discuss the theoretical basis and prospects for directing plant signaling metabolite biosynthesis for microbe-aided plant health improvement in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Xingzhao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Ancheng C Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, SUSTech-PKU Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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60
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Sakata N, Haraguchi T, Masuo S, Ishiga T, Ishiga Y. Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis Virulence Factors Are Involved in Resistance to Plant-Derived Antimicrobials during Infection. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131742. [PMID: 35807692 PMCID: PMC9269351 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are exposed to and tolerate diverse and potentially toxic compounds in the natural environment. While efflux transporters are generally thought to involve bacterial antibiotic resistance in vitro, their contributions to plant bacterial virulence have so far been poorly understood. Pseudomonas cannabina pv. alisalensis (Pcal) is a causal agent of bacterial blight of Brassicaceae. We here demonstrated that NU19, which is mutated in the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporter encoded gene, showed reduced virulence on cabbage compared to WT, indicating that the RND transporter contributes to Pcal virulence on cabbage. We also demonstrated that brassinin biosynthesis was induced after Pcal infection. Additionally, the RND transporter was involved in resistance to plant-derived antimicrobials and antibiotics, including the cabbage phytoalexin brassinin. These results suggest that the RND transporter extrudes plant-derived antimicrobials and contributes to Pcal virulence. We also found that the RND transporter contributes to Pcal virulence on Brassicaceae and tomato, but not on oat. These results suggest that the RND transporter contributes to Pcal virulence differentially depending on the host-plant species. Lastly, our expression-profile analysis indicated that the type-three secretion system (TTSS), which is essential for pathogenesis, is also involved in suppressing brassinin biosynthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that several Pcal virulence factors are involved in resistance to plant-derived antimicrobials and bacterial survival during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Sakata
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (N.S.); (T.H.); (S.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Takumi Haraguchi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (N.S.); (T.H.); (S.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Shunsuke Masuo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (N.S.); (T.H.); (S.M.); (T.I.)
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takako Ishiga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (N.S.); (T.H.); (S.M.); (T.I.)
| | - Yasuhiro Ishiga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan; (N.S.); (T.H.); (S.M.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-029-853-4792
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Exploring Functional Diversity and Community Structure of Diazotrophic Endophytic Bacteria Associated with Pennisetum glaucum Growing under Field in a Semi-Arid Region. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11070991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diazotrophic endophytic bacteria (DEB) are the key drivers of nitrogen fixation in rainfed soil ecosystems and, hence, can influence the growth and yield of crop plants. Therefore, the present work investigated the structure and composition of the DEB community at different growth stages of field-grown pearl millet plants, employing the cultivation-dependent method. Diazotrophy of the bacterial isolates was confirmed by acetylene reduction assay and amplification of the nifH gene. ERIC-PCR-based DNA fingerprinting, followed by 16S rRNA gene analysis of isolates recovered at different time intervals, demonstrated the highest bacterial diversity during early (up to 28 DAS (Days after sowing)) and late (63 DAS onwards) stages, as compared to the vegetative growth stage (28–56 DAS). Among all species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most dominant endophyte. Assuming modulation of the immune response as one of the tactics for successful colonization of P. aeruginosa PM389, we studied the expression of the profile of defense genes of wheat, used as a host plant, in response to P. aeruginosa inoculation. Most of the pathogenesis-related PR genes were induced initially (at 6 h after infection (HAI)), followed by their downregulation at 12 HAI. The trend of bacterial colonization was quantified by qPCR of 16S rRNAs. The results obtained in the present study indicated an attenuated defense response in host plants towards endophytic bacteria, which is an important feature that helps endophytes establish themselves inside the endosphere of roots.
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Oburger E, Schmidt H, Staudinger C. Harnessing belowground processes for sustainable intensification of agricultural systems. PLANT AND SOIL 2022; 478:177-209. [PMID: 36277079 PMCID: PMC9579094 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-022-05508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing food demand coupled with climate change pose a great challenge to agricultural systems. In this review we summarize recent advances in our knowledge of how plants, together with their associated microbiota, shape rhizosphere processes. We address (molecular) mechanisms operating at the plant-microbe-soil interface and aim to link this knowledge with actual and potential avenues for intensifying agricultural systems, while at the same time reducing irrigation water, fertilizer inputs and pesticide use. Combining in-depth knowledge about above and belowground plant traits will not only significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of involved processes but also allow for more informed decisions regarding agricultural practices and plant breeding. Including belowground plant-soil-microbe interactions in our breeding efforts will help to select crops resilient to abiotic and biotic environmental stresses and ultimately enable us to produce sufficient food in a more sustainable agriculture in the upcoming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Oburger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiana Staudinger
- Department of Forest and Soil Science, Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenzstrasse 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama 1-7-1, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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63
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Dutilloy E, Oni FE, Esmaeel Q, Clément C, Barka EA. Plant Beneficial Bacteria as Bioprotectants against Wheat and Barley Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060632. [PMID: 35736115 PMCID: PMC9225584 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat and barley are the main cereal crops cultivated worldwide and serve as staple food for a third of the world's population. However, due to enormous biotic stresses, the annual production has significantly reduced by 30-70%. Recently, the accelerated use of beneficial bacteria in the control of wheat and barley pathogens has gained prominence. In this review, we synthesized information about beneficial bacteria with demonstrated protection capacity against major barley and wheat pathogens including Fusarium graminearum, Zymoseptoria tritici and Pyrenophora teres. By summarizing the general insights into molecular factors involved in plant-pathogen interactions, we show to an extent, the means by which beneficial bacteria are implicated in plant defense against wheat and barley diseases. On wheat, many Bacillus strains predominantly reduced the disease incidence of F. graminearum and Z. tritici. In contrast, on barley, the efficacy of a few Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Paraburkholderia spp. has been established against P. teres. Although several modes of action were described for these strains, we have highlighted the role of Bacillus and Pseudomonas secondary metabolites in mediating direct antagonism and induced resistance against these pathogens. Furthermore, we advance a need to ascertain the mode of action of beneficial bacteria/molecules to enhance a solution-based crop protection strategy. Moreover, an apparent disjoint exists between numerous experiments that have demonstrated disease-suppressive effects and the translation of these successes to commercial products and applications. Clearly, the field of cereal disease protection leaves a lot to be explored and uncovered.
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Nguyen NH, Trotel-Aziz P, Villaume S, Rabenoelina F, Clément C, Baillieul F, Aziz A. Priming of camalexin accumulation in induced systemic resistance by beneficial bacteria against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3743-3757. [PMID: 35191984 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants harbor various beneficial microbes that modulate their innate immunity, resulting in induced systemic resistance (ISR) against a broad range of pathogens. Camalexin is an integral part of Arabidopsis innate immunity, but the contribution of its biosynthesis in ISR is poorly investigated. We focused on camalexin accumulation primed by two beneficial bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis, and its role in ISR against Botrytis cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae Pst DC3000. Our data show that colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots by beneficial bacteria triggers ISR against both pathogens and primes plants for enhanced accumulation of camalexin and CYP71A12 transcript in leaf tissues. Pseudomonas fluorescens induced the most efficient ISR response against B. cinerea, while B. subtilis was more efficient against Pst DC3000. Analysis of cyp71a12 and pad3 mutants revealed that loss of camalexin synthesis affected ISR mediated by both bacteria against B. cinerea. CYP71A12 and PAD3 contributed significantly to the pathogen-triggered accumulation of camalexin, but PAD3 does not seem to contribute to ISR against Pst DC3000. This indicated a significant contribution of camalexin in ISR against B. cinerea, but not always against Pst DC3000. Experiments with Arabidopsis mutants compromised in different hormonal signaling pathways highlighted that B. subtilis stimulates similar signaling pathways upon infection with both pathogens, since salicylic acid (SA), but not jasmonic acid (JA) or ethylene, is required for ISR camalexin accumulation. However, P. fluorescens-induced ISR differs depending on the pathogen; both SA and JA are required for camalexin accumulation upon B. cinerea infection, while camalexin is not necessary for priming against Pst DC3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huu Nguyen
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan, Daklak, Vietnam
| | - Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Sandra Villaume
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Fanja Rabenoelina
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR-CNRS 3417, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Reims Cedex 02, France
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Koprivova A, Kopriva S. Plant secondary metabolites altering root microbiome composition and function. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102227. [PMID: 35525222 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants share their natural environment with numerous microorganisms, commensal as well as harmful. Plant fitness and performance are thus dependent on an efficient communication with such microbiota. The primary means of communication are metabolites exuded from roots, primarily diverse secondary metabolites. The exuded metabolites trigger changes in composition and function of plant associated microbiome. In the last few years, many metabolites were uncovered that are part of this communication network and modulate specific functions of the root microbiota. Here, we describe the progress in identification of such metabolites and their functions and outline the most significant knowledge gaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Koprivova
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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Yang C, Wang E, Liu J. CERK1, more than a co-receptor in plant-microbe interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1606-1613. [PMID: 35297054 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
CERK1 (Chitin Elicitor Receptor Kinase 1), a lysin motif-containing pattern recognition receptor (PRR), perceives chitooligosaccharides (COs) to mount immune and symbiotic responses. However, CERK1, for a relatively long time, has been regarded as a co-receptor in plant immunity, mainly due to its lack of high binding affinity to known elicitors. Recent studies demonstrated several novel carbohydrates as ligands of CERK1 in different plant species and recognized CERK1 as a key receptor in plant immunity and symbiosis. This review summarizes recent knowledge acquired on the role of CERK1 in plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Green Management of Crop Pests, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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67
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Nguyen NH, Trotel-Aziz P, Clément C, Jeandet P, Baillieul F, Aziz A. Camalexin accumulation as a component of plant immunity during interactions with pathogens and beneficial microbes. PLANTA 2022; 255:116. [PMID: 35511374 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an overview on the role of camalexin in plant immunity taking into account various plant-pathogen and beneficial microbe interactions, regulation mechanisms and the contribution in basal and induced plant resistance. In a hostile environment, plants evolve complex and sophisticated defense mechanisms to counteract invading pathogens and herbivores. Several lines of evidence support the assumption that secondary metabolites like phytoalexins which are synthesized de novo, play an important role in plant defenses and contribute to pathogens' resistance in a wide variety of plant species. Phytoalexins are synthesized and accumulated in plants upon pathogen challenge, root colonization by beneficial microbes, following treatment with chemical elicitors or in response to abiotic stresses. Their protective properties against pathogens have been reported in various plant species as well as their contribution to human health. Phytoalexins are synthesized through activation of particular sets of genes encoding specific pathways. Camalexin (3'-thiazol-2'-yl-indole) is the primary phytoalexin produced by Arabidopsis thaliana after microbial infection or abiotic elicitation and an iconic representative of the indole phytoalexin family. The synthesis of camalexin is an integral part of cruciferous plant defense mechanisms. Although the pathway leading to camalexin has been largely elucidated, the regulatory networks that control the induction of its biosynthetic steps by pathogens with different lifestyles or by beneficial microbes remain mostly unknown. This review thus presents current knowledge regarding camalexin biosynthesis induction during plant-pathogen and beneficial microbe interactions as well as in response to microbial compounds and provides an overview on its regulation and interplay with signaling pathways. The contribution of camalexin to basal and induced plant resistance and its detoxification by some pathogens to overcome host resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Huu Nguyen
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, 567 Le Duan, Buon Ma Thuot, Daklak, Vietnam
| | - Patricia Trotel-Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Clément
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Fabienne Baillieul
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France
| | - Aziz Aziz
- Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAE 1488, University of Reims, UFR Sciences, Campus Moulin de la Housse, 51687 Cedex 02, Reims, France.
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Alster S, Dafa-Berger A, Gafni A, Levy M. Pseudozyma aphidis Suppresses Microbe-Associated Molecular Pattern (MAMP)-Triggered Callose Deposition and Can Penetrate Leaf Tissue. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0263821. [PMID: 35234494 PMCID: PMC8941903 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02638-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microorganisms need to overcome the plant defense system to establish on or within plant tissues. Like pathogens, beneficial microbes can manipulate a plant's immunity pathways, first by suppressing and hiding to establish on the host and then by inducing resistance to protect the plant. In the current study, we demonstrated that although Pseudozyma aphidis can activate microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-associated genes, it does not activate MAMP-triggered callose deposition and can, moreover, suppress such deposition triggered by Flg22 or chitin. While MAMP-associated gene activation by P. aphidis was not dependent on salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, or ethylene signaling, suppression of MAMP-triggered callose deposition required the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling factors JAR1-1 and E3 ubiquitin ligase COI1 yet did not rely on EIN2, NPR1, or the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2. We also demonstrated the ability of P. aphidis, known to be an epiphytic yeast-like organism, to penetrate the stomata and establish within plant tissues, as do endophytes. These results thus demonstrate the potential of P. aphidis to suppress MAMP-elicited defenses in order to establish on and within host plant tissues. IMPORTANCE Our study demonstrates the ability of P. aphidis to penetrate into plant tissues, where it avoids and overcomes plant defense systems in order to establish and subsequently protect the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanee Alster
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avis Dafa-Berger
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviva Gafni
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maggie Levy
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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ABCDs of the Relative Contributions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Systems to Virulence in Diverse Nonvertebrate Hosts. mBio 2022; 13:e0041722. [PMID: 35311532 PMCID: PMC9040828 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00417-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that exhibits pathogenicity in an unusually broad range of plants and animals, and it is of interest to study the roles of particular virulence-related factors in diverse hosts. The production of many P. aeruginosa virulence factors is under the control of a quorum sensing (QS) signaling network, which has three interconnected branches that engage in intricate cross talk: Las, Rhl, and MvfR. Because there has been no systematic comparison of the roles of the three QS systems in mediating P. aeruginosa virulence in various hosts, we compared the virulence of wild-type (WT) P. aeruginosa PA14 and a set of isogenic PA14 QS in-frame deletion mutants in four selected hosts, the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), the crop plant Brassica napus (canola), the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The first letters of the selected host genera, A, B, C, and D, inspired the title of this article and indicate that this work lays the groundwork for future elucidation of the specific roles of each QS branch in mediating virulence in diverse hosts.
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Diversity of Neofusicoccum parvum for the Production of the Phytotoxic Metabolites (-)-Terremutin and (R)-Mellein. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030319. [PMID: 35330321 PMCID: PMC8948911 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Neofusicoccumparvum isolates and a UV mutant were characterized for their phytotoxin production in vitro, their pathogenicity on grapevine, and their genome sequenced. The isolate Np-Bt67 produced high level of (-)-terremutin, but almost no (R)-mellein, and it was the most aggressive on grapevine, triggering apoplexy. Similar symptoms were not induced by purified (-)-terremutin. The isolate Bourgogne S-116 (Np-B) produced 3-fold less (-)-terremutin and high amounts of (R)-mellein, but it was less aggressive on grapevine than Np-Bt67. The UV9 mutant obtained from Np-B (NpB-UV9) no longer produced (-)-terremutin but overproduced (R)-mellein by 2.5-fold, and it was as pathogenic as its parent. NpB-UV9 differed from its parent by simple mutations in two genes (transcription factor UCR-NP2_6692, regulatory protein UCR-NP2_9007), not located neither near (R)-mellein, nor (-)-terremutin biosynthetic genes, but likely involved in the control of (-)-terremutin biosynthesis. Grapevine immunity was disturbed upon challenge with these pathogens or purified phytotoxins, leading to an upregulation of SA-dependent defenses, while (-)-terremutin interfered with host JA/ET-dependent defenses. Our results suggest that neither (-)-terremutin nor (R)-mellein alone is essential for the pathogenicity of N. parvum on grapevine, since isolate/mutant non-producing these toxins in vitro is pathogenic. However, these phytotoxins could play a quantitative role in the infection process.
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71
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Yu Y, Gui Y, Li Z, Jiang C, Guo J, Niu D. Induced Systemic Resistance for Improving Plant Immunity by Beneficial Microbes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11030386. [PMID: 35161366 PMCID: PMC8839143 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant beneficial microorganisms improve the health and growth of the associated plants. Application of beneficial microbes triggers an enhanced resistance state, also termed as induced systemic resistance (ISR), in the host, against a broad range of pathogens. Upon the activation of ISR, plants employ long-distance systemic signaling to provide protection for distal tissue, inducing rapid and strong immune responses against pathogens invasions. The transmission of ISR signaling was commonly regarded to be a jasmonic acid- and ethylene-dependent, but salicylic acid-independent, transmission. However, in the last decade, the involvement of both salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways and the regulatory roles of small RNA in ISR has been updated. In this review, the plant early recognition, responsive reactions, and the related signaling transduction during the process of the plant-beneficial microbe interaction was discussed, with reflection on the crucial regulatory role of small RNAs in the beneficial microbe-mediated ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Gui
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zijie Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunhao Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongdong Niu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (Z.L.); (C.J.); (J.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Interactions and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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Rolli E, de Zélicourt A, Alzubaidy H, Karampelias M, Parween S, Rayapuram N, Han B, Froehlich K, Abulfaraj AA, Alhoraibi H, Mariappan K, Andrés-Barrao C, Colcombet J, Hirt H. The Lys-motif receptor LYK4 mediates Enterobacter sp. SA187 triggered salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:223-239. [PMID: 34951090 PMCID: PMC9304150 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Root endophytes establish beneficial interactions with plants, improving holobiont resilience and fitness, but how plant immunity accommodates beneficial microbes is poorly understood. The multi-stress tolerance-inducing endophyte Enterobacter sp. SA187 triggers a canonical immune response in Arabidopsis only at high bacterial dosage (>108 CFUs ml-1 ), suggesting that SA187 is able to evade or suppress the plant defence system at lower titres. Although SA187 flagellin epitopes are recognized by the FLS2 receptor, SA187-triggered salt tolerance functions independently of the FLS2 system. In contrast, overexpression of the chitin receptor components LYK4 and LYK5 compromised the beneficial effect of SA187 on Arabidopsis, while it was enhanced in lyk4 mutant plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the role of LYK4 is intertwined with a function in remodelling defence responses with growth and root developmental processes. LYK4 interferes with modification of plant ethylene homeostasis by Enterobacter SA187 to boost salt stress resistance. Collectively, these results contribute to unlock the crosstalk between components of the plant immune system and beneficial microbes and point to a new role for the Lys-motif receptor LYK4 in beneficial plant-microbe interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Rolli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Axel de Zélicourt
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Hanin Alzubaidy
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Karampelias
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha Parween
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naganand Rayapuram
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baoda Han
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katja Froehlich
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aala A Abulfaraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanna Alhoraibi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiruthiga Mariappan
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristina Andrés-Barrao
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université d'Evry, Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Dhar S, Kim H, Segonzac C, Lee JY. The Danger-Associated Peptide PEP1 Directs Cellular Reprogramming in the Arabidopsis Root Vascular System. Mol Cells 2021; 44:830-842. [PMID: 34764230 PMCID: PMC8627833 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When perceiving microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) or plant-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), plants alter their root growth and development by displaying a reduction in the root length and the formation of root hairs and lateral roots. The exogenous application of a MAMP peptide, flg22, was shown to affect root growth by suppressing meristem activity. In addition to MAMPs, the DAMP peptide PEP1 suppresses root growth while also promoting root hair formation. However, the question of whether and how these elicitor peptides affect the development of the vascular system in the root has not been explored. The cellular receptors of PEP1, PEPR1 and PEPR2 are highly expressed in the root vascular system, while the receptors of flg22 (FLS2) and elf18 (EFR) are not. Consistent with the expression patterns of PEP1 receptors, we found that exogenously applied PEP1 has a strong impact on the division of stele cells, leading to a reduction of these cells. We also observed the alteration in the number and organization of cells that differentiate into xylem vessels. These PEP1-mediated developmental changes appear to be linked to the blockage of symplastic connections triggered by PEP1. PEP1 dramatically disrupts the symplastic movement of free green fluorescence protein (GFP) from phloem sieve elements to neighboring cells in the root meristem, leading to the deposition of a high level of callose between cells. Taken together, our first survey of PEP1-mediated vascular tissue development provides new insights into the PEP1 function as a regulator of cellular reprogramming in the Arabidopsis root vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Dhar
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyoujin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Cécile Segonzac
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 00826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Zubair M, Farzand A, Mumtaz F, Khan AR, Sheikh TMM, Haider MS, Yu C, Wang Y, Ayaz M, Gu Q, Gao X, Wu H. Novel Genetic Dysregulations and Oxidative Damage in Fusarium graminearum Induced by Plant Defense Eliciting Psychrophilic Bacillus atrophaeus TS1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212094. [PMID: 34829976 PMCID: PMC8622878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study elaborates inter-kingdom signaling mechanisms, presenting a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to combat biotic as well as abiotic stress in wheat. Fusarium graminearum is a devastating pathogen causing head and seedling blight in wheat, leading to huge yield and economic losses. Psychrophilic Bacillus atrophaeus strain TS1 was found as a potential biocontrol agent for suppression of F. graminearum under low temperature by carrying out extensive biochemical and molecular studies in comparison with a temperate biocontrol model strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 at 15 and 25 °C. TS1 was able to produce hydrolytic extracellular enzymes as well as antimicrobial lipopeptides, i.e., surfactin, bacillomycin, and fengycin, efficiently at low temperatures. The Bacillus strain-induced oxidative cellular damage, ultrastructural deformities, and novel genetic dysregulations in the fungal pathogen as the bacterial treatment at low temperature were able to downregulate the expression of newly predicted novel fungal genes potentially belonging to necrosis inducing protein families (fgHCE and fgNPP1). The wheat pot experiments conducted at 15 and 25 °C revealed the potential of TS1 to elicit sudden induction of plant defense, namely, H2O2 and callose enhanced activity of plant defense-related enzymes and induced over-expression of defense-related genes which accumulatively lead to the suppression of F. graminearum and decreased diseased leaf area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Ayaz Farzand
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Mumtaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran 13145-784, Iran;
| | - Abdur Rashid Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Taha Majid Mahmood Sheikh
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | | | - Chenjie Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China; (M.Z.); (A.F.); (A.R.K.); (T.M.M.S.); (C.Y.); (Y.W.); (M.A.); (Q.G.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-84395268
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Paediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship for Respiratory Infections in the Emergency Setting: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111366. [PMID: 34827304 PMCID: PMC8615165 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance occurs due to the propensity of microbial pathogens to develop resistance to antibiotics over time. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) have been developed in response to this growing crisis, to limit unnecessary antibiotic prescription through initiatives such as education-based seminars, prescribing guidelines, and rapid respiratory pathogen (RRP) testing. Paediatric patients who present to the emergency setting with respiratory symptoms are a particularly high-risk population susceptible to inappropriate antibiotic prescribing behaviours and are therefore an ideal cohort for focused ASPs. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of ASPs in this clinical context. A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was conducted to review the current evidence. Thirteen studies were included in the review and these studies assessed a range of stewardship interventions and outcome measures. Overall, ASPs reduced the rates of antibiotic prescription, increased the prescription of narrow-spectrum antibiotics, and shortened the duration of antibiotic therapy. Multimodal interventions that were education-based and those that used RRP testing were found to be the most effective. Whilst we found strong evidence that ASPs are effective in reducing antibiotic prescribing, further studies are required to assess whether they translate to equivalent clinical outcomes.
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Rhizospheric microbiome: Bio-based emerging strategies for sustainable agriculture development and future perspectives. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126901. [PMID: 34700186 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the light of intensification of cropping practices and changing climatic conditions, nourishing a growing global population requires optimizing environmental sustainability and reducing ecosystem impacts of food production. The use of microbiological systems to ameliorate the agricultural production in a sustainable and eco-friendly way is widespread accepted as a future key-technology. However, the multitude of interaction possibilities between the numerous beneficial microbes and plants in their habitat calls for systematic analysis and management of the rhizospheric microbiome. This review exploits present and future strategies for rhizospheric microbiome management with the aim to generate a comprehensive understanding of the known tools and techniques. Significant information on the structure and dynamics of rhizospheric microbiota of isolated microbial communities is now available. These microbial communities have beneficial effects including increased plant growth, essential nutrient acquisition, pathogens tolerance, and increased abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerance such as drought, temperature, salinity and antagonistic activities against the phyto-pathogens. A better and comprehensive understanding of the various effects and microbial interactions can be gained by application of molecular approaches as extraction of DNA/RNA and other biochemical markers to analyze microbial soil diversity. Novel techniques like interactome network analysis and split-ubiquitin system framework will enable to gain more insight into communication and interactions between the proteins from microbes and plants. The aim of the analysis tasks leads to the novel approach of Rhizosphere microbiome engineering. The capability of forming the rhizospheric microbiome in a defined way will allow combining several microbes (e.g. bacteria and fungi) for a given environment (soil type and climatic zone) in order to exert beneficial influences on specific plants. This integration will require a large-scale effort among academic researchers, industry researchers and farmers to understand and manage interactions of plant-microbiomes within modern farming systems, and is clearly a multi-domain approach and can be mastered only jointly by microbiology, mathematics and information technology. These innovations will open up a new avenue for designing and implementing intensive farming microbiome management approaches to maximize resource productivity and stress tolerance of agro-ecosystems, which in return will create value to the increasing worldwide population, for both food production and consumption.
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Hou S, Liu D, Huang S, Luo D, Liu Z, Xiang Q, Wang P, Mu R, Han Z, Chen S, Chai J, Shan L, He P. The Arabidopsis MIK2 receptor elicits immunity by sensing a conserved signature from phytocytokines and microbes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5494. [PMID: 34535661 PMCID: PMC8448819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sessile plants encode a large number of small peptides and cell surface-resident receptor kinases, most of which have unknown functions. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis receptor kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) recognizes the conserved signature motif of SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDEs (SCOOPs) from Brassicaceae plants as well as proteins present in fungal Fusarium spp. and bacterial Comamonadaceae, and elicits various immune responses. SCOOP signature peptides trigger immune responses and altered root development in a MIK2-dependent manner with a sub-nanomolar sensitivity. SCOOP12 directly binds to the extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain of MIK2 in vivo and in vitro, indicating that MIK2 is the receptor of SCOOP peptides. Perception of SCOOP peptides induces the association of MIK2 and the coreceptors SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE 3 (SERK3) and SERK4 and relays the signaling through the cytosolic receptor-like kinases BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) and AVRPPHB SUSCEPTIBLE1 (PBS1)-LIKE 1 (PBL1). Our study identifies a plant receptor that bears a dual role in sensing the conserved peptide motif from phytocytokines and microbial proteins via a convergent signaling relay to ensure a robust immune response. Peptide signals generated during plant microbe interactions can trigger immune responses in plants. Here the authors show that SCOOP12, a member of a family of peptides present in Brassicaceae plants, and SCOOP12-like motifs in Fusarium fungi, can trigger immune responses following perception by the MIK2 receptor kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguo Hou
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China.
| | - Derui Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shijia Huang
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dexian Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Zunyong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Qingyuan Xiang
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ruimin Mu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifu Han
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jijie Chai
- Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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78
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Widemann E, Bruinsma K, Walshe-Roussel B, Rioja C, Arbona V, Saha RK, Letwin D, Zhurov V, Gómez-Cadenas A, Bernards MA, Grbić M, Grbić V. Multiple indole glucosinolates and myrosinases defend Arabidopsis against Tetranychus urticae herbivory. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:116-132. [PMID: 34618148 PMCID: PMC8418412 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) defenses against herbivores are regulated by the jasmonate (JA) hormonal signaling pathway, which leads to the production of a plethora of defense compounds. Arabidopsis defense compounds include tryptophan-derived metabolites, which limit Arabidopsis infestation by the generalist herbivore two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. However, the phytochemicals responsible for Arabidopsis protection against T. urticae are unknown. Here, we used Arabidopsis mutants disrupted in the synthesis of tryptophan-derived secondary metabolites to identify phytochemicals involved in the defense against T. urticae. We show that of the three tryptophan-dependent pathways found in Arabidopsis, the indole glucosinolate (IG) pathway is necessary and sufficient to assure tryptophan-mediated defense against T. urticae. We demonstrate that all three IGs can limit T. urticae herbivory, but that they must be processed by myrosinases to hinder T. urticae oviposition. Putative IG breakdown products were detected in mite-infested leaves, suggesting in planta processing by myrosinases. Finally, we demonstrate that besides IGs, there are additional JA-regulated defenses that control T. urticae herbivory. Together, our results reveal the complexity of Arabidopsis defenses against T. urticae that rely on multiple IGs, specific myrosinases, and additional JA-dependent defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Widemann
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kristie Bruinsma
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brendan Walshe-Roussel
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Natural and Non-Prescription Health Products Directorate Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Cristina Rioja
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Repon Kumer Saha
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - David Letwin
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Mark A. Bernards
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vojislava Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Author for communication:
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79
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Rufián JS, Elmore JM, Bejarano ER, Beuzon CR, Coaker GL. ER Bodies Are Induced by Pseudomonas syringae and Negatively Regulate Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:1001-1009. [PMID: 34110257 PMCID: PMC8635791 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0330-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ER bodies are endoplasmic reticulum-derived organelles present in plants belonging to the Brassicales order. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ER bodies are ubiquitous in cotyledons and roots and are present only in certain cell types in rosette leaves. However, both wounding and jasmonic acid treatment induce the formation of ER bodies in leaves. Formation of this structure is dependent on the transcription factor NAI1. The main components of the ER bodies are β-glucosidases (BGLUs), enzymes that hydrolyze specialized compounds. In Arabidopsis, PYK10 (BGLU23) and BGLU18 are the most abundant ER body proteins. In this work, we found that ER bodies are downregulated as a consequence of the immune responses induced by bacterial flagellin perception. Arabidopsis mutants defective in ER body formation show enhanced responses upon flagellin perception and enhanced resistance to bacterial infections. Furthermore, the bacterial toxin coronatine induces the formation of de novo ER bodies in leaves and its virulence function is partially dependent on this structure. Finally, we show that performance of the polyphagous beet armyworm herbivore Spodoptera exigua increases in plants lacking ER bodies. Altogether, we provide new evidence for the role of the ER bodies in plant immune responses.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S. Rufián
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - James M. Elmore
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Eduardo R. Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Carmen R. Beuzon
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Dept. Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga E-29071, Spain
| | - Gitta L. Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
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80
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Song C, Jin K, Raaijmakers JM. Designing a home for beneficial plant microbiomes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102025. [PMID: 33684884 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant microbiome comprises a highly diverse community of saprotrophic, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes that can affect plant growth and plant health. There is substantial interest to exploit beneficial members of plant microbiomes for new sustainable management strategies in crop production. However, poor survival and colonization of plant tissues by introduced microbial isolates as well as lack of expression of the plant growth-promoting or disease-suppressive traits at the right time and place are still major limitations for successful implementation of microbiomes in future agricultural practices and plant breeding programs. Similar to building a home for humans, we discuss different strategies of building a home for beneficial plant microbiomes, here referred to as the 'MicrobiHome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Song
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kemo Jin
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands; Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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81
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Song S, Liu Y, Wang NR, Haney CH. Mechanisms in plant-microbiome interactions: lessons from model systems. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102003. [PMID: 33545444 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of genetically tractable plant-microbe pairs has driven research in plant immunity and mutualistic symbiosis. Clear functional readouts for the outcomes of symbiosis or immunity have facilitated forward genetic screening and identification of signals, molecules and mechanisms that determine the outcome of these interactions. Plants also associate with beneficial microbial communities that form the microbiome. However, the complexity of the microbiome, combined with relatively subtle effects on plant growth and immunity, has impeded forward genetic screening to identify plant and bacterial genes that shape the microbiome. As a result, microbiome research has relied largely on reverse genetics approaches, based on what is known about plant nutrient uptake and immunity, to identify mechanisms in plant-microbiome research. Here we revisit the features of reductionist model systems that have made them so powerful for studying plant-microbe interactions, and how modeling microbiome research after these systems can propel discovery of novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nicole R Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cara H Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Noman M, Ahmed T, Ijaz U, Shahid M, Azizullah, Li D, Manzoor I, Song F. Plant-Microbiome Crosstalk: Dawning from Composition and Assembly of Microbial Community to Improvement of Disease Resilience in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6852. [PMID: 34202205 PMCID: PMC8269294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants host diverse but taxonomically structured communities of microorganisms, called microbiome, which colonize various parts of host plants. Plant-associated microbial communities have been shown to confer multiple beneficial advantages to their host plants, such as nutrient acquisition, growth promotion, pathogen resistance, and environmental stress tolerance. Systematic studies have provided new insights into the economically and ecologically important microbial communities as hubs of core microbiota and revealed their beneficial impacts on the host plants. Microbiome engineering, which can improve the functional capabilities of native microbial species under challenging agricultural ambiance, is an emerging biotechnological strategy to improve crop yield and resilience against variety of environmental constraints of both biotic and abiotic nature. This review highlights the importance of indigenous microbial communities in improving plant health under pathogen-induced stress. Moreover, the potential solutions leading towards commercialization of proficient bioformulations for sustainable and improved crop production are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Usman Ijaz
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Azizullah
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Dayong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
| | - Irfan Manzoor
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; or
| | - Fengming Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.N.); (T.A.); (U.I.); (A.); (D.L.)
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83
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Li E, de Jonge R, Liu C, Jiang H, Friman VP, Pieterse CMJ, Bakker PAHM, Jousset A. Rapid evolution of bacterial mutualism in the plant rhizosphere. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3829. [PMID: 34158504 PMCID: PMC8219802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While beneficial plant-microbe interactions are common in nature, direct evidence for the evolution of bacterial mutualism is scarce. Here we use experimental evolution to causally show that initially plant-antagonistic Pseudomonas protegens bacteria evolve into mutualists in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana within six plant growth cycles (6 months). This evolutionary transition is accompanied with increased mutualist fitness via two mechanisms: (i) improved competitiveness for root exudates and (ii) enhanced tolerance to the plant-secreted antimicrobial scopoletin whose production is regulated by transcription factor MYB72. Crucially, these mutualistic adaptations are coupled with reduced phytotoxicity, enhanced transcription of MYB72 in roots, and a positive effect on plant growth. Genetically, mutualism is associated with diverse mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component regulator system, which confers high fitness benefits only in the presence of plants. Together, our results show that rhizosphere bacteria can rapidly evolve along the parasitism-mutualism continuum at an agriculturally relevant evolutionary timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqin Li
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany ,grid.452299.1Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.11486.3a0000000104788040VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium ,grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chen Liu
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henan Jiang
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ville-Petri Friman
- grid.5685.e0000 0004 1936 9668University of York, Department of Biology, York, UK
| | - Corné M. J. Pieterse
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A. H. M. Bakker
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Li E, de Jonge R, Liu C, Jiang H, Friman VP, Pieterse CMJ, Bakker PAHM, Jousset A. Rapid evolution of bacterial mutualism in the plant rhizosphere. Nat Commun 2021. [PMID: 34158504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-012-24005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While beneficial plant-microbe interactions are common in nature, direct evidence for the evolution of bacterial mutualism is scarce. Here we use experimental evolution to causally show that initially plant-antagonistic Pseudomonas protegens bacteria evolve into mutualists in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana within six plant growth cycles (6 months). This evolutionary transition is accompanied with increased mutualist fitness via two mechanisms: (i) improved competitiveness for root exudates and (ii) enhanced tolerance to the plant-secreted antimicrobial scopoletin whose production is regulated by transcription factor MYB72. Crucially, these mutualistic adaptations are coupled with reduced phytotoxicity, enhanced transcription of MYB72 in roots, and a positive effect on plant growth. Genetically, mutualism is associated with diverse mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component regulator system, which confers high fitness benefits only in the presence of plants. Together, our results show that rhizosphere bacteria can rapidly evolve along the parasitism-mutualism continuum at an agriculturally relevant evolutionary timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erqin Li
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Chen Liu
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henan Jiang
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Corné M J Pieterse
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A H M Bakker
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Plant-Microbe Interactions, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Utrecht University, Department of Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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85
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Qiang X, Liu X, Wang X, Zheng Q, Kang L, Gao X, Wei Y, Wu W, Zhao H, Shan W. Susceptibility factor RTP1 negatively regulates Phytophthora parasitica resistance via modulating UPR regulators bZIP60 and bZIP28. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1269-1287. [PMID: 33720348 PMCID: PMC8608195 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a conserved stress adaptive signaling pathway in eukaryotic organisms activated by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). UPR can be elicited in the course of plant defense, playing important roles in plant-microbe interactions. The major signaling pathways of plant UPR rely on the transcriptional activity of activated forms of ER membrane-associated stress sensors bZIP60 and bZIP28, which are transcription factors that modulate expression of UPR genes. In this study, we report the plant susceptibility factor Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica 1 (RTP1) is involved in ER stress sensing and rtp1-mediated resistance against P. parasitica is synergistically regulated with UPR, as demonstrated by the simultaneous strong induction of UPR and ER stress-associated immune genes in Arabidopsis thaliana rtp1 mutant plants during the infection by P. parasitica. We further demonstrate RTP1 contributes to stabilization of the ER membrane-associated bZIP60 and bZIP28 through manipulating the bifunctional protein kinase/ribonuclease IRE1-mediated bZIP60 splicing activity and interacting with bZIP28. Consequently, we find rtp1bzip60 and rtp1bzip28 mutant plants exhibit compromised resistance accompanied with attenuated induction of ER stress-responsive immune genes and reduction of callose deposition in response to P. parasitica infection. Taken together, we demonstrate RTP1 may exert negative modulating roles in the activation of key UPR regulators bZIP60 and bZIP28, which are required for rtp1-mediated plant resistance to P. parasitica. This facilitates our understanding of the important roles of stress adaptive UPR and ER stress in plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Qiang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingshao Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lijuan Kang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xianxian Gao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yushu Wei
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University,
Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weixing Shan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling,
Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F
University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Author for communication:
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86
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Wei X, Mira A, Yu Q, Gmitter FG. The Mechanism of Citrus Host Defense Response Repression at Early Stages of Infection by Feeding of Diaphorina citri Transmitting Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:635153. [PMID: 34168662 PMCID: PMC8218908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus, presumably caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CaLas). Although transcriptomic profiling of HLB-affected citrus plants has been studied extensively, the initial steps in pathogenesis have not been fully understood. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare very early transcriptional changes in the response of Valencia sweet orange (VAL) to CaLas after being fed by the vector, Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid, or ACP). The results suggest the existence of a delayed defense reaction against the infective vector in VAL, while the attack by the healthy vector prompted immediate and substantial transcriptomic changes that led to the rapid erection of active defenses. Moreover, in the presence of CaLas-infected psyllids, several downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified on the pathways, such as signaling, transcription factor, hormone, defense, and photosynthesis-related pathways at 1 day post-infestation (dpi). Surprisingly, a burst of DEGs (6,055) was detected at 5 dpi, including both upregulated and downregulated DEGs on the defense-related and secondary metabolic pathways, and severely downregulated DEGs on the photosynthesis-related pathways. Very interestingly, a significant number of those downregulated DEGs required ATP binding for the activation of phosphate as substrate; meanwhile, abundant highly upregulated DEGs were detected on the ATP biosynthetic and glycolytic pathways. These findings highlight the energy requirement of CaLas virulence processes. The emerging picture is that CaLas not only employs virulence strategies to subvert the host cell immunity, but the fast-replicating CaLas also actively rewires host cellular metabolic pathways to obtain the necessary energy and molecular building blocks to support virulence and the replication process. Taken together, the very early response of citrus to the CaLas, vectored by infective ACP, was evaluated for the first time, thus allowing the changes in gene expression relating to the primary mechanisms of susceptibility and host-pathogen interactions to be studied, and without the secondary effects caused by the development of complex whole plant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wei
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Amany Mira
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Fred G. Gmitter
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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87
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Kong X, Zhang C, Zheng H, Sun M, Zhang F, Zhang M, Cui F, Lv D, Liu L, Guo S, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Zhao S, Tian H, Ding Z. Antagonistic Interaction between Auxin and SA Signaling Pathways Regulates Bacterial Infection through Lateral Root in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108060. [PMID: 32846118 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen entry into host tissues is a critical and first step in infections. In plants, the lateral roots (LRs) are a potential entry and colonization site for pathogens. Here, using a GFP-labeled pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 (Pto DC3000), we observe that virulent Pto DC3000 invades plants through emerged LRs in Arabidopsis. Pto DC3000 strongly induced LR formation, a process that was dependent on the AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7)/ARF19-LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN (LBD) regulatory module. We show that salicylic acid (SA) represses LR formation, and several mutants defective in SA signaling are also involved in Pto DC3000-induced LR development. Significantly, ARF7, a well-documented positive regulator of LR development, directly represses the transcription of PR1 and PR2 to promote LR development. This study indicates that ARF7-mediated auxin signaling antagonizes with SA signaling to control bacterial infection through the regulation of LR development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Min Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Fuhao Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Lijing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Siyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Xianzheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China.
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88
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Ma KW, Niu Y, Jia Y, Ordon J, Copeland C, Emonet A, Geldner N, Guan R, Stolze SC, Nakagami H, Garrido-Oter R, Schulze-Lefert P. Coordination of microbe-host homeostasis by crosstalk with plant innate immunity. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:814-825. [PMID: 34031541 PMCID: PMC8208891 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants grown in natural soil are colonized by phylogenetically structured communities of microbes known as the microbiota. Individual microbes can activate microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity (MTI), which limits pathogen proliferation but curtails plant growth, a phenomenon known as the growth-defence trade-off. Here, we report that, in monoassociations, 41% (62 out of 151) of taxonomically diverse root bacterial commensals suppress Arabidopsis thaliana root growth inhibition (RGI) triggered by immune-stimulating MAMPs or damage-associated molecular patterns. Amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes reveals that immune activation alters the profile of synthetic communities (SynComs) comprising RGI-non-suppressive strains, whereas the presence of RGI-suppressive strains attenuates this effect. Root colonization by SynComs with different complexities and RGI-suppressive activities alters the expression of 174 core host genes, with functions related to root development and nutrient transport. Furthermore, RGI-suppressive SynComs specifically downregulate a subset of immune-related genes. Precolonization of plants with RGI-suppressive SynComs, or mutation of one commensal-downregulated transcription factor, MYB15, renders the plants more susceptible to opportunistic Pseudomonas pathogens. Our results suggest that RGI-non-suppressive and RGI-suppressive root commensals modulate host susceptibility to pathogens by either eliciting or dampening MTI responses, respectively. This interplay buffers the plant immune system against pathogen perturbation and defence-associated growth inhibition, ultimately leading to commensal-host homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Wai Ma
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yulong Niu
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yong Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jana Ordon
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charles Copeland
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Biophore, UNIL-Sorge, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rui Guan
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruben Garrido-Oter
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
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89
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Zhang ZC, He B, Sun S, Zhang X, Li T, Wang HH, Xu LR, Afzal AJ, Geng XQ. The phytotoxin COR induces transcriptional reprogramming of photosynthetic, hormonal and defence networks in tomato. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:69-79. [PMID: 33512048 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronatine (COR) is a non-host specific phytotoxin secreted by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato that can induce leaf chlorosis and increase the virulence of pathogens during plant-pathogen interactions. Studies have shown that COR can regulate multiple physiological processes in plants, but its involvement in bacterial pathogenesis and plant growth regulation is not well understood. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was carried out on 4-week-old tomato leaves that were either mock-treated or treated with COR. Transcriptome sequencing led to the identification of 6144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 4361 genes were downregulated and 1783 genes were upregulated upon COR treatment. To obtain functional information on the DEGs, we annotated these genes using GO and KEGG databases. Functional classification analysis showed that the DEGs were primarily involved in photosynthesis, chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis and phenylpropane metabolism. A total of 23 genes related to chlorophyll biosynthesis had significant changes, of which 22 genes were downregulated and one gene was upregulated, indicating that chlorophyll biosynthesis was inhibited upon COR treatment. A total of 17 photosystem I related genes and 22 photosystem II related genes involving 20 protein subunits were also downregulated. In the JA synthesis pathway, 25 genes were up regulated, and six genes were downregulated in COR treated samples. COR was also involved in the regulation of multiple secondary metabolites. The identified DEGs will help us better understand the virulence effects and physiological functions of COR and provide a theoretical basis for breeding resistance into economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - B He
- Institute of Quality and Safety Testing Center for Agro-products, Xining City, China
| | - S Sun
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - X Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T Li
- Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - H H Wang
- Edisto Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Blackville, SC, USA
| | - L R Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A J Afzal
- Division of Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - X Q Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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90
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Xu L, Xiao L, Xiao Y, Peng D, Xiao X, Huang W, Gheysen G, Wang G. Plasmodesmata play pivotal role in sucrose supply to Meloidogyne graminicola-caused giant cells in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:539-550. [PMID: 33723908 PMCID: PMC8035636 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
On infection, plant-parasitic nematodes establish feeding sites in roots from which they take up carbohydrates among other nutrients. Knowledge on how carbohydrates are supplied to the nematodes' feeding sites is limited. Here, gene expression analyses showed that RNA levels of OsSWEET11 to OsSWEET15 were extremely low in both Meloidogyne graminicola (Mg)-caused galls and noninoculated roots. All the rice sucrose transporter genes, OsSUT1 to OsSUT5, were either down-regulated in Mg-caused galls compared with noninoculated rice roots or had very low transcript abundance. OsSUT1 was the only gene up-regulated in galls, at 14 days postinoculation (dpi), after being highly down-regulated at 3 and 7 dpi. OsSUT4 was down-regulated at 3 dpi. No noticeable OsSUTs promoter activities were detected in Mg-caused galls of pOsSUT1 to -5::GUS rice lines. Loading experiments with carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) demonstrated that symplastic connections exist between phloem and Mg-caused giant cells (GCs). According to data from OsGNS5- and OsGSL2-overexpressing rice plants that had decreased and increased callose deposition, respectively, callose negatively affected Mg parasitism and sucrose supply to Mg-caused GCs. Our results suggest that plasmodesmata-mediated sucrose transport plays a pivotal role in sucrose supply from rice root phloem to Mg-caused GCs, and OsSWEET11 to -15 and OsSUTs are not major players in it, although further functional analysis is needed for OsSUT1 and OsSUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐he Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Li‐ying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yan‐nong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - De‐liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Xue‐qiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wen‐kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Godelieve Gheysen
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Gao‐feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Plant Science & TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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91
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Thoms D, Liang Y, Haney CH. Maintaining Symbiotic Homeostasis: How Do Plants Engage With Beneficial Microorganisms While at the Same Time Restricting Pathogens? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:462-469. [PMID: 33534602 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-20-0318-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of the Top 10 Unanswered Questions in MPMI invited review series.That plants recruit beneficial microbes while simultaneously restricting pathogens is critical to their survival. Plants must exclude pathogens; however, most land plants are able to form mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plants also associate with the complex microbial communities that form the microbiome. The outcome of each symbiotic interaction-whether a specific microbe is pathogenic, commensal, or mutualistic-relies on the specific interplay of host and microbial genetics and the environment. Here, we discuss how plants use metabolites as a gate to select which microbes can be symbiotic. Once present, we discuss how plants integrate multiple inputs to initiate programs of immunity or mutualistic symbiosis and how this paradigm may be expanded to the microbiome. Finally, we discuss how environmental signals are integrated with immunity to fine-tune a thermostat that determines whether a plant engages in mutualism, resistance to pathogens, and shapes associations with the microbiome. Collectively, we propose that the plant immune thermostat is set to select for and tolerate a largely nonharmful microbiome while receptor-mediated decision making allows plants to detect and dynamically respond to the presence of potential pathogens or mutualists.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Thoms
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Yan Liang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Cara H Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3 Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4 Canada
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92
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Teixeira PJPL, Colaianni NR, Law TF, Conway JM, Gilbert S, Li H, Salas-González I, Panda D, Del Risco NM, Finkel OM, Castrillo G, Mieczkowski P, Jones CD, Dangl JL. Specific modulation of the root immune system by a community of commensal bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100678118. [PMID: 33879573 PMCID: PMC8072228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100678118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have an innate immune system to fight off potential invaders that is based on the perception of nonself or modified-self molecules. Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) are evolutionarily conserved microbial molecules whose extracellular detection by specific cell surface receptors initiates an array of biochemical responses collectively known as MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). Well-characterized MAMPs include chitin, peptidoglycan, and flg22, a 22-amino acid epitope found in the major building block of the bacterial flagellum, FliC. The importance of MAMP detection by the plant immune system is underscored by the large diversity of strategies used by pathogens to interfere with MTI and that failure to do so is often associated with loss of virulence. Yet, whether or how MTI functions beyond pathogenic interactions is not well understood. Here we demonstrate that a community of root commensal bacteria modulates a specific and evolutionarily conserved sector of the Arabidopsis immune system. We identify a set of robust, taxonomically diverse MTI suppressor strains that are efficient root colonizers and, notably, can enhance the colonization capacity of other tested commensal bacteria. We highlight the importance of extracellular strategies for MTI suppression by showing that the type 2, not the type 3, secretion system is required for the immunomodulatory activity of one robust MTI suppressor. Our findings reveal that root colonization by commensals is controlled by MTI, which, in turn, can be selectively modulated by specific members of a representative bacterial root microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo J P L Teixeira
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nicholas R Colaianni
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Theresa F Law
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jonathan M Conway
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Haofan Li
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022
| | - Isai Salas-González
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Darshana Panda
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Nicole M Del Risco
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Omri M Finkel
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Piotr Mieczkowski
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- HHMI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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93
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Parys K, Colaianni NR, Lee HS, Hohmann U, Edelbacher N, Trgovcevic A, Blahovska Z, Lee D, Mechtler A, Muhari-Portik Z, Madalinski M, Schandry N, Rodríguez-Arévalo I, Becker C, Sonnleitner E, Korte A, Bläsi U, Geldner N, Hothorn M, Jones CD, Dangl JL, Belkhadir Y. Signatures of antagonistic pleiotropy in a bacterial flagellin epitope. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:620-634.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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94
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Colaianni NR, Parys K, Lee HS, Conway JM, Kim NH, Edelbacher N, Mucyn TS, Madalinski M, Law TF, Jones CD, Belkhadir Y, Dangl JL. A complex immune response to flagellin epitope variation in commensal communities. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:635-649.e9. [PMID: 33713602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune systems restrict microbial pathogens by identifying "non-self" molecules called microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). It is unclear how immune responses are tuned to or by MAMP diversity present in commensal microbiota. We systematically studied the variability of commensal peptide derivatives of flagellin (flg22), a MAMP detected by plants. We define substantial functional diversity. Most flg22 peptides evade recognition, while others contribute to evasion by manipulating immunity through antagonism and signal modulation. We establish a paradigm of signal integration, wherein the sequential signaling outputs of the flagellin receptor are separable and allow for reprogramming by commensal-derived flg22 epitope variants. Plant-associated communities are enriched for immune evading flg22 epitopes, but upon physiological stress that represses the immune system, immune-activating flg22 epitopes become enriched. The existence of immune-manipulating epitopes suggests that they evolved to either communicate or utilize the immune system for host colonization and thus can influence commensal microbiota community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Colaianni
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katarzyna Parys
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan M Conway
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nak Hyun Kim
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalie Edelbacher
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana S Mucyn
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mathias Madalinski
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa F Law
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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95
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Yu K, Stringlis IA, van Bentum S, de Jonge R, Snoek BL, Pieterse CMJ, Bakker PAHM, Berendsen RL. Transcriptome Signatures in Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 Shed Light on Role of Root-Secreted Coumarins in Arabidopsis-Mutualist Communication. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030575. [PMID: 33799825 PMCID: PMC8000642 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas simiae WCS417 is a root-colonizing bacterium with well-established plant-beneficial effects. Upon colonization of Arabidopsis roots, WCS417 evades local root immune responses while triggering an induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the leaves. The early onset of ISR in roots shows similarities with the iron deficiency response, as both responses are associated with the production and secretion of coumarins. Coumarins can mobilize iron from the soil environment and have a selective antimicrobial activity that impacts microbiome assembly in the rhizosphere. Being highly coumarin-tolerant, WCS417 induces the secretion of these phenolic compounds, likely to improve its own niche establishment, while providing growth and immunity benefits for the host in return. To investigate the possible signaling function of coumarins in the mutualistic Arabidopsis-WCS417 interaction, we analyzed the transcriptome of WCS417 growing in root exudates of coumarin-producing Arabidopsis Col-0 and the coumarin-biosynthesis mutant f6′h1. We found that coumarins in F6′H1-dependent root exudates significantly affected the expression of 439 bacterial genes (8% of the bacterial genome). Of those, genes with functions related to transport and metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and nucleotides were induced, whereas genes with functions related to cell motility, the bacterial mobilome, and energy production and conversion were repressed. Strikingly, most genes related to flagellar biosynthesis were down-regulated by F6′H1-dependent root exudates and we found that application of selected coumarins reduces bacterial motility. These findings suggest that coumarins’ function in the rhizosphere as semiochemicals in the communication between the roots and WCS417. Collectively, our results provide important novel leads for future functional analysis of molecular processes in the establishment of plant-mutualist interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.Y.); (I.A.S.); (S.v.B.); (R.d.J.); (C.M.J.P.); (P.A.H.M.B.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Ioannis A. Stringlis
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.Y.); (I.A.S.); (S.v.B.); (R.d.J.); (C.M.J.P.); (P.A.H.M.B.)
| | - Sietske van Bentum
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.Y.); (I.A.S.); (S.v.B.); (R.d.J.); (C.M.J.P.); (P.A.H.M.B.)
| | - Ronnie de Jonge
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.Y.); (I.A.S.); (S.v.B.); (R.d.J.); (C.M.J.P.); (P.A.H.M.B.)
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Basten L. Snoek
- Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Corné M. J. Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.Y.); (I.A.S.); (S.v.B.); (R.d.J.); (C.M.J.P.); (P.A.H.M.B.)
| | - Peter A. H. M. Bakker
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.Y.); (I.A.S.); (S.v.B.); (R.d.J.); (C.M.J.P.); (P.A.H.M.B.)
| | - Roeland L. Berendsen
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; (K.Y.); (I.A.S.); (S.v.B.); (R.d.J.); (C.M.J.P.); (P.A.H.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-3025-36860
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96
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Liu H, Li J, Carvalhais LC, Percy CD, Prakash Verma J, Schenk PM, Singh BK. Evidence for the plant recruitment of beneficial microbes to suppress soil-borne pathogens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2873-2885. [PMID: 33131088 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An emerging experimental framework suggests that plants under biotic stress may actively seek help from soil microbes, but empirical evidence underlying such a 'cry for help' strategy is limited. We used integrated microbial community profiling, pathogen and plant transcriptive gene quantification and culture-based methods to systematically investigate a three-way interaction between the wheat plant, wheat-associated microbiomes and Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp). A clear enrichment of a dominant bacterium, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (SR80), was observed in both the rhizosphere and root endosphere of Fp-infected wheat. SR80 reached 3.7 × 107 cells g-1 in the rhizosphere and accounted for up to 11.4% of the microbes in the root endosphere. Its abundance had a positive linear correlation with the pathogen load at base stems and expression of multiple defence genes in top leaves. Upon re-introduction in soils, SR80 enhanced plant growth, both the below-ground and above-ground, and induced strong disease resistance by boosting plant defence in the above-ground plant parts, but only when the pathogen was present. Together, the bacterium SR80 seems to have acted as an early warning system for plant defence. This work provides novel evidence for the potential protection of plants against pathogens by an enriched beneficial microbe via modulation of the plant immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiayu Li
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Lilia C Carvalhais
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra D Percy
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld, 4350, Australia
| | - Jay Prakash Verma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Peer M Schenk
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia
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97
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Chen M, Bruisson S, Bapaume L, Darbon G, Glauser G, Schorderet M, Reinhardt D. VAPYRIN attenuates defence by repressing PR gene induction and localized lignin accumulation during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of Petunia hybrida. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3481-3496. [PMID: 33231304 PMCID: PMC7986166 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The intimate association of host and fungus in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can potentially trigger induction of host defence mechanisms against the fungus, implying that successful symbiosis requires suppression of defence. We addressed this phenomenon by using AM-defective vapyrin (vpy) mutants in Petunia hybrida, including a new allele (vpy-3) with a transposon insertion close to the ATG start codon. We explore whether abortion of fungal infection in vpy mutants is associated with the induction of defence markers, such as cell wall alterations, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), defence hormones and induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. We show that vpy mutants exhibit a strong resistance against intracellular colonization, which is associated with the generation of cell wall appositions (papillae) with lignin impregnation at fungal entry sites, while no accumulation of defence hormones, ROS or callose was observed. Systematic analysis of PR gene expression revealed that several PR genes are induced in mycorrhizal roots of the wild-type, and even more in vpy plants. Some PR genes are induced exclusively in vpy mutants. Our results suggest that VPY is involved in avoiding or suppressing the induction of a cellular defence syndrome that involves localized lignin deposition and PR gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | | | - Laure Bapaume
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Darbon
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
| | - Gaëtan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtel2000Switzerland
| | | | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgCH‐1700Switzerland
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98
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Okada K, Kubota Y, Hirase T, Otani K, Goh T, Hiruma K, Saijo Y. Uncoupling root hair formation and defence activation from growth inhibition in response to damage-associated Pep peptides in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2844-2858. [PMID: 33131060 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, PROPEPs and their derived elicitor-active Pep epitopes provide damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which trigger defence responses through cell-surface receptors PEPR1 and PEPR2. In addition, Pep peptides induce root growth inhibition and root hair formation, however their relationships and coordinating mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we reveal that Pep1-mediated root hair formation requires PEPR-associated kinases BAK1/BKK1 and BIK1/PBL1, ethylene, auxin and root hair differentiation regulators, in addition to PEPR2. Our analysis on 69 accessions unravels intraspecies variations in Pep1-induced root hair formation and growth inhibition. The absence of a positive correlation between the two traits suggests their separate regulation and diversification in natural populations of A. thaliana. Restricted PEPR2 expression to certain root tissues is sufficient to induce root hair formation and growth inhibition in response to Pep1, indicating the capacity of non-cell-autonomous receptor signalling in different root tissues. Of particular note, root hair cell-specific PEPR2 expression uncouples defence activation from root growth inhibition and root hair formation, suggesting a unique property of root hairs in root defence activation following Pep1 recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Okada
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubota
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Taishi Hirase
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Koichi Otani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kei Hiruma
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yusuke Saijo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Kawaguchi, 332-0012, Japan
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99
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Choi K, Khan R, Lee SW. Dissection of plant microbiota and plant-microbiome interactions. J Microbiol 2021; 59:281-291. [PMID: 33624265 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants rooted in soil have intimate associations with a diverse array of soil microorganisms. While the microbial diversity of soil is enormous, the predominant bacterial phyla associated with plants include Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Plants supply nutrient niches for microbes, and microbes support plant functions such as plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. The interdependent interaction between the host plant and its microbes sculpts the plant microbiota. Plant and microbiome interactions are a good model system for understanding the traits in eukaryotic organisms from a holobiont perspective. The holobiont concept of plants, as a consequence of co-evolution of plant host and microbiota, treats plants as a discrete ecological unit assembled with their microbiota. Dissection of plant-microbiome interactions is highly complicated; however, some reductionist approaches are useful, such as the synthetic community method in a gnotobiotic system. Deciphering the interactions between plant and microbiome by this reductionist approach could lead to better elucidation of the functions of microbiota in plants. In addition, analysis of microbial communities' interactions would further enhance our understanding of coordinated plant microbiota functions. Ultimately, better understanding of plantmicrobiome interactions could be translated to improvements in plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihyuck Choi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Seon-Woo Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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100
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Zhang J, Yu X, Zhang C, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Zhu H, Tang C. Pectin lyase enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt by inducing cell apoptosis of Verticillium dahliae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 404:124029. [PMID: 33068990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a major disease in cotton. We found that pectin lyase can enhance cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt and induce cell apoptosis of V. dahliae strain Vd080. The biocontrol effect of pectin lyase on Vd080 reached 61.9%. Pectin lyase increased ERG4 (Delta (24 (24 (1)))-sterol reductase) expression, the ergosterol content of the cell membrane, the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, hydrogen peroxide content, metacaspase activity, and Ca2+ content in the cytoplasm in the Vd080 strain and induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Pectin lyase also increased the expression levels of the ER molecular chaperone glucose regulating protein Grp78 (BiP), protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and calnexin (CNX), reduced the expression levels of the protein Hsp40. When the PDI and BiP genes of Vd080 were knocked out, the mutants △BiP and △PDI had reduced sensitivity to pectin lyase. In the absence of external stress, ER stress appeared in mutant △BiP cells. Pectin lyase affects the ergosterol content of the Vd080 cell membrane, which causes ER stress and increases the level of BiP to induce Vd080 cell apoptosis. These results demonstrate that pectin lyase can be used to control Verticillium wilt in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China.
| | - Canming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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