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Moe CA, Villaveces A, Rivara FP, Rowhani-Rahbar A. Self-harming behavior in relation to exposure to inter-personal violence among youth and young adults in Colombia. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2022; 29:76-85. [PMID: 34775916 PMCID: PMC9942612 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2021.2001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of violence exposure on the risk of self-harming behaviors of youth in low- and middle-income countries is not well-understood. Using household survey data from one nationally representative sample and one sample from conflict-affected areas, we examined violence exposure and self-harm among Colombian youth aged 13-24. Survey-weighted prevalence ratios comparing self-harming behaviors by exposure to violence were estimated with Poisson log-linear models, controlling for age, sex, education and food insecurity. Compared to unexposed youth, those exposed to violence in both home and community settings were 7.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]:2.72-23.36) times more likely in the conflict-affected sample, and 21.05 (95% CI: 8.80-50.34) times more likely in the national sample to report having attempted suicide. Among Colombian youth, exposure to violence as either witness or victim was associated with greater prevalence of self-harming behaviors. Youth suicide prevention programs can address exposures to violence as a risk factor for self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin A. Moe
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrés Villaveces
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Frederick P. Rivara
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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McMorrow C, Nerney D, Cullen N, Kielty J, vanLaar A, Davoren M, Conlon L, Brodie C, McDonald C, Hallahan B. Psychiatric and psycho-social characteristics of suicide completers: a 13-year comprehensive evaluation of psychiatric case records and post-mortem findings. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e14. [PMID: 35067234 PMCID: PMC8853853 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are limited data comparing demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who died by probable suicide and who did and did not previously attend mental health services (MHSs). This study compared demographic and clinical factors for both groups, in a Western region of Ireland over a 13-year period. Postmortem reports between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2019 were reviewed for 400 individuals who died by probable suicide. Relevant sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from individuals’ lifetime case notes. One hundred and fifty nine individuals (40%) had attended MHSs at some stage (“attendee”). Hanging was the most common method of suicide (61%), followed by drowning (18%) for both attendees and nonattendees of MHSs, with more violent methods utilized overall by nonattendees (p = 0.028). Sixty-eight percent of individuals who previously attempted hanging subsequently died utilizing this method. A higher proportion of attendees were female compared to nonattendees of MHSs (28.9 vs. 14.5%, p = 0.001). Recurrent depressive disorder (55%) was the most common diagnosed mental health disorder. For individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 39% had antipsychotic medications detectable in their toxicology reports. In conclusion, the majority of people who died by probable suicide had never had contact with MHSs, and nonattendees overall were more likely to utilize violent methods of suicide. Nonconcordance with psychotropic medications in psychotic patients and previous hanging attempt were highlighted as potential risk factors for death by probable suicide.
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Arango A, Clark M, King CA. Predicting the severity of peer victimization and bullying perpetration among youth with interpersonal problems: A 6-month prospective study. J Adolesc 2022; 94:57-68. [PMID: 35353403 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peer victimization is prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes. In this prospective study of youth who self-reported interpersonal problems, we examined school connectedness, school behavioral difficulties, academic difficulties, and internalizing problems (social anxiety, self-esteem, depression) as predictors of peer victimization and bullying perpetration severity. We also examined the moderating effects of gender. METHODS Participants were 218 youth (66.5% female), ages 12-15 years (M = 13.5, SD = 1.1), who screened positive for peer victimization, bullying perpetration, and/or low social connectedness using self-report measures. Youth were recruited from an emergency department in the United States as part of an intervention trial. Youth identified primarily as African American (53.7%) and Caucasian (31.7%). Youth completed a 6-month follow-up assessment (75% retention). Separate Bayesian regression models were used to examine the effects of baseline school connectedness, school behavioral difficulties, academic difficulties, and internalizing problems on the severity of 6-month peer victimization and bullying perpetration. RESULTS Baseline depression was positively related to both peer victimization and bullying perpetration severity. Baseline behavioral problems were positively related to bullying perpetration severity. Interactions indicated that gender moderated the relationship between school connectedness and peer victimization. CONCLUSIONS Given the adverse outcomes linked with peer victimization and bullying perpetration, an improved understanding of factors that predict victimization and perpetration severity may be helpful in defining intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Clark
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing, and Analytics Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cheryl A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Decision-making and cognitive control in adolescent suicidal behaviors: a qualitative systematic review of the literature. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1839-1855. [PMID: 32388626 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Suicide and suicidal behaviors represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during adolescence. While several lines of evidence suggest that suicidal behaviors are associated with risky decisions and deficient cognitive control in laboratory tasks in adults, comparatively less is known about adolescents. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature on the association between these neurocognitive variables and adolescent suicidal behaviors. The online search strategy identified 17 neurocognitive studies examining either cognitive control or decision-making processes in adolescents with past suicidal behaviors. Several studies have reported that adolescents with a history of suicidal behaviors present neuropsychological differences in the cognitive control (using Go/NoGo, suicide Stroop Test, continuous performance test, suicide/death Implicit Association Test), and decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task, Cambridge Gambling Task, cost computation, delay discounting, loss aversion tasks) domains. Due to a lack of replication or conflicting findings, our systematic review suggests that no firm conclusion can be drawn as to whether altered decision-making or poor cognitive control contribute to adolescent suicidal behaviors. However, these results collectively suggest that further research is warranted. Limitations included scarcity of longitudinal studies and a lack of homogeneity in study designs, which precluded quantitative analysis. We propose remediating ways to continue neuropsychological investigations of suicide risk in adolescence, which could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and predictive markers, enabling early intervention in suicidal youth.
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Traumatic life-events and suicidality among Mexican adolescents as they grow up: A longitudinal community survey. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:171-178. [PMID: 34359012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited research exists on the impact of type and number of traumatic events on the incidence of suicide ideation and attempts (suicidality) among adolescents in low/middle income countries where violence is common. METHOD We estimated prospective associations of 7 types of events on the new occurrence of suicidality from a follow-up conducted in 2013 (n = 1071; ages 19-26) of the original Mexican Adolescent Mental Health Survey conducted in 2005 (ages 12-17), by using Hazard Ratios (HR) estimates. RESULTS For new onset of suicide ideation, those reporting "Ever raped or sexually assaulted" had the highest adjusted HR (3.8), followed by "Ever other traumatic event" (HR = 1.9), "Ever committed or witnessed violence" (HR = 1.7) and "Beaten as a child or witnessed physical fights at home" (HR = 1.5). For suicide attempt, those reporting "Ever beaten up by spouse, partner, someone else, mugged with a weapon, or stalked" (HR = 3.8) and "Ever other traumatic event" (HR = 2.0) had the higher hazards. Compared to those without a traumatic event, increased hazards of ideation and attempt were found for those reporting a greater number of types of events. CONCLUSIONS Our sample is representative of the largest metropolitan area in Mexico but does not include other cities or age groups that may differ in risk factors. Traumatic events that happened in the eight years between waves are not considered. Traumatic events increased the risk of suicidality, independent of common mental disorders. Identifying and addressing these events in clinical settings may therefore be important for preventing suicide in this population.
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Pournaghash-Tehrani SS, Zamanian H, Amini-Tehrani M. The Impact of Relational Adverse Childhood Experiences on Suicide Outcomes During Early and Young Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:8627-8651. [PMID: 31142213 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519852160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the degree to which relational adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) would affect suicide outcomes during early and young adulthood of Iranian female and male students. In all, 487 undergraduate students (59.2% females) with a mean age of 20.66 ± 1.42 were recruited using a multistage clustering sampling method from eight schools from the fields of humanities, engineering, and basic sciences. Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised form (SBQ-R) was employed for assessing past year suicidal ideation (PYSI, once or more), the meaningful likelihood of future suicide (mLoFS, a score of 2 or more), and suicide risk (SR ≥7). Relational ACEs were assessed in the form of a yes/no question, including caregivers' maltreatment, household relational dysfunction, family loss events, school events, and sexual abuse. Analyses were conducted using Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, and univariate binary logistic regression. The rates of PYSI, LoFS, and SR were, respectively, 37.2%, 44.6%, and 30.8%. The most experienced event was witnessing verbal violence (68.8%) and the least was divorce/separation (6.2%). All the events and domains (except family loss events), the interaction of domains, and cumulative events significantly increased the odds of suicide outcomes, in which females were more affected by all types of relational ACEs. Students whose ethnicity was Azari & Turk and who were studying in humanities or basic sciences showed a higher suicide risk than their counterparts. The study showed that the rates of relational ACEs and suicide outcomes were remarkable, in Iran. Because of the detrimental effects of relational ACEs on suicidality, mostly for females, it is necessary to improve the initiatives promoting child protection and legal support for health professionals to address child abuse. There is also an urgent need for providing young students with supports and effective interventions.
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Martín-Babarro J, Toldos MP, Paredes-Becerra L, Abregu-Crespo R, Fernández-Sánchez J, Díaz-Caneja CM. Association of Different Forms of Child Maltreatment With Peer Victimization in Mexican Children and Adolescents. Front Psychol 2021; 12:662121. [PMID: 34421718 PMCID: PMC8378311 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship between exposure to multiple forms of child abuse and neglect within the family context and peer victimization at school, accounting for the moderator effect of sex and educational level. Methods: Two thousand four hundred fifteen children and adolescents, aged 9 to 15 years, attending public schools in Mexico completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and a modified version of the Olweus' Bully/Victim Questionnaire. We used linear regression models to assess the association of five different forms of child abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical negligence) with three forms of peer victimization (direct, indirect, and cyberbullying). Results: Direct forms of child abuse within the family (i.e., emotional, physical, and sexual abuse), but not neglect, were significantly and positively associated with a risk for peer victimization. In the fully adjusted models, emotional abuse was significantly associated with the three types of peer victimization: [indirect b = 0.48, t = 6.75, p < 0.001, direct (b = 0.47, t = 4.89, p < 0.001), and cyberbullying (b = 0.85, t = 5.45, p < 0. 001)]; while physical abuse was positive and significantly associated with direct victimization (b = 0.29, t = 3.28, p < 0.001). Boys suffering from sexual abuse within the family context showed higher levels of all subtypes of peer victimization. Students attending secondary school who suffered from sexual abuse showed higher levels of indirect victimization than did students attending primary schools. Conclusion: Child abuse within the family context seems to be associated with the risk of peer victimization. Preventive strategies to address bullying and promote resilience should take family factors into account. Interventions for high-risk families might be useful to prevent child multi-victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martín-Babarro
- Departamento de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Paredes-Becerra
- Departamento de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Renzo Abregu-Crespo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,School of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Psicología en Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Juárez-Chávez E, Cooney EE, Hidalgo A, Sánchez J, Poteat T. Violence Experiences in Childhood and Adolescence Among Gay Men and Transgender Women Living in Perú: A Qualitative Exploration. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:4235-4255. [PMID: 30049246 PMCID: PMC11331432 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518787811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to qualitatively explore the different types of violence experienced by gay men (GM) and transgender women (TW) living in Peru during childhood and adolescence, as well as their potential consequences and sources of protection. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Recruitment took place in a community-based organization in Lima, Peru. In all, 32 GM and 23 TW participated in a total of four Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and 25 in-depth interviews (IDI). Qualitative data collection was conducted between July and October 2016. Four FGD took place with GM (n = 21) and one with TW (n = 9). In addition, 11 IDI with GM and 14 with TW were conducted. Data were analyzed using descriptive inductive analysis. Three main types of violence were experienced in childhood and adolescence: (a) violence occurring in the home or otherwise perpetrated by family members, (b) school-based violence, and (c) sexual violence. Both GM and TW experience violence within and outside school and home. School systems should make teachers and parents aware of the impact of homophobic and transphobic bullying and violence. Certain modifications in schools, such as having all-gender bathrooms and promoting activities that are not grounded in gender roles, could be very effective at reducing homophobic and transphobic violence. Schools should also address sexual violence more actively, among both male and female students. Parents' attitudes toward homosexuality and gender diversity need to be addressed by future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin E. Cooney
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alberto Hidalgo
- Centro de Promoción y Defensa de los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos-PROMSEX, Lima, Perú
| | - Jorge Sánchez
- Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación (IMPACTA), Lima, Peru
| | - Tonia Poteat
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Barada R, Potts A, Bourassa A, Contreras-Urbina M, Nasr K. "I Go up to the Edge of the Valley, and I Talk to God": Using Mixed Methods to Understand the Relationship between Gender-Based Violence and Mental Health among Lebanese and Syrian Refugee Women Engaged in Psychosocial Programming. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094500. [PMID: 33922703 PMCID: PMC8123009 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lebanon’s intersecting economic and political crises exacerbate complex public health issues among both host and refugee populations. This mixed-methods study by a Lebanese service provider, in partnership with an international research institute, seeks to better understand how experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) and mental health intersect in the lives of Syrian and Lebanese women, and how to better meet these needs. It employs a randomized cross-sectional survey of 969 Abaad service users and focus groups with community members and service providers. There were significant associations between GBV and ill mental health; notably, respondents reporting transactional sex had 4 times the likelihood of severe distress (aOR 4.2; 95% CI 1.2–14.8; p ≤ 0.05). Focus groups emphasized less-visible forms of violence, such as emotional violence, and the importance of environmental factors in one’s ability to cope, noting “it always came back to the economy”. Recommendations include providing a more holistic and coordinated approach between GBV, mental health, livelihood, and basic assistance sectors; and sensitive, accessible, and higher-quality mental health services informed by GBV response actors’ experience putting in place survivor-centered programming and made available to both host and refugee community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rassil Barada
- Abaad Resource Center for Gender Equality, Beirut 21133, Lebanon;
- Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Alina Potts
- The Global Women’s Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Bourassa
- The Global Women’s Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.P.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Krystel Nasr
- Abaad Resource Center for Gender Equality, Beirut 21133, Lebanon;
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Li S, Wang S, Gao X, Jiang Z, Xu H, Zhang S, Sun Y, Tao F, Chen R, Wan Y. Patterns of adverse childhood experiences and suicidal behaviors in adolescents: A four-province study in China. J Affect Disord 2021; 285:69-76. [PMID: 33636673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased suicidal behaviors in adolescents and most research has been restricted to certain types of or cumulative exposure to ACEs. Few studies have examined the association between patterns of ACEs and suicidal behaviors. OBJECTIVE To identify the contributions of type and pattern of exposure to ACEs to suicidal behaviors and their gender differences among middle school students in China. METHODS A school-based health survey was conducted in four provinces in China between 2017 and 2018. 14 500 students aged 10-20 years completed standard questionnaires, to record details of ACEs, suicide ideation, suicide plan, and suicide attempt. RESULTS Latent class analysis indicated four distinct patterns of ACEs exposure: high ACEs (6.3%), high abuse and neglect (21.4%), high neglect (45.5%), and low ACEs (26.8%). Logistic analyses showed that, compared with low ACEs, the high ACEs were more likely to report suicidal behaviors. No gender differences were found in the independent effects of ACEs type or pattern on suicidal behaviors, except for the emotional neglect associated with suicidal behaviors in girls than boys. LIMITATIONS The study was cross-sectional and used self-reported questionnaires. Thus, it is difficult to establish a causal relationship between patterns of ACEs and suicidal behaviors. CONCLUSION Our findings addressed the need for a comprehensive consideration of ACEs in preventive healthcare work to identify children exposed to the most problematic ACE patterns. The study provided the evidence of targeted intervention to preempt the emergence of suicide behavior in at-risk students in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Zhicheng Jiang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Shichen Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK.
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China.
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Yrondi A, Vaiva G, Walter M, D Amato T, Bellivier F, Bennabi D, Bougerol T, Camus V, Doumy O, Genty JB, Haffen E, Holtzmann J, Horn M, Lançon C, Leboyer M, Llorca PM, Maruani J, Moirand R, Molière F, Petrucci J, Richieri R, Samalin L, Schmitt L, Stephan F, Courtet P, El-Hage W, Aouizerate B. Childhood Trauma increases suicidal behaviour in a treatment-resistant depression population: a FACE-DR report. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:20-27. [PMID: 33440292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In addition to heredity, exposure to early-life adversity is an important predisposing risk factor of suicidal behaviour. Although the association between Childhood Trauma (CT) and suicide risk is well documented, interactions between CT and suicidal behaviour in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) populations have received little coverage. This study aimed to evaluate i) association between CT and suicidal behaviour in a TRD population, and ii) the role of personality traits and impulsiveness as potential factors of mediation in these associations. METHODS Patients were recruited from a cohort of the French network of TRD expert centers. Depressive symptom severity, CT, suicidal behaviour, personality traits, and impulsiveness were assessed with the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (CSSRS), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Big Five Inventory, and the Barratt Impulsivness Scale (BIS) respectively. RESULTS Among the 256 patients with a baseline CTQ, in relation to suicide risk for the current depressive episode, we found an association with the total CTQ scores mediated by the intensity of the current episode in a model adjusted for age and sex (total effect: β = 0.171; p = 0.011, direct effect: β = 0.135; p = 0.043; indirect effect: β = 0.036; p = 0.048). Focusing on CT subtypes, we detected an association between suicide risk and physical neglect in a model adjusted for age and sex (β = 0.301; p = 0.002), without any mediation by the intensity of the current episode. There was no mediation effect from personality traits nor impulsiveness. With regards to CSSRS to assess suicidal ideation, we did not find any association with the total CTQ score and CT subtype scores. CONCLUSION We report a strong association between suicidal behaviour and CT (in particular childhood physical neglect) in a TRD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Yrondi
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, ToNIC Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Centre National de Ressources et Résilience pour les psychotraumatisme, Lille, France; Service de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHRU de Lille, Hôpital Fontan 1, Lille, France
| | - Michel Walter
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie Générale et de Réhabilitation Psycho Sociale 29G01 et 29G02, Centre Expert Depression Résistante FondaMental, EA 7479, CHRU de Brest, Hôpital de Bohars, Brest, France
| | - Thierry D Amato
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response ΨR2 Team, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier; F-69678, France
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences Tête et Cou, INSERM UMRS 1144, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Djamila Bennabi
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, EA 481 Neurosciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Bougerol
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Camus
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; U1253, iBrain, CIC1415, Inserm, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Doumy
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (UMR INRA 1286), Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Genty
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; UPEC, AP-HP Département Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie (DMU IMPACT) des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Centre expert dépression resistante de la fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, EA 481 Neurosciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jérôme Holtzmann
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Horn
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Service de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHRU de Lille, Hôpital Fontan 1, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Lançon
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Pôle Psychiatrie, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; UPEC, AP-HP Département Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie (DMU IMPACT) des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Centre expert dépression resistante de la fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julia Maruani
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; AP-HP, GH Saint-Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal, Pôle Neurosciences Tête et Cou, INSERM UMRS 1144, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Rémi Moirand
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; University Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, F-69000, France; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response ΨR2 Team, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier; F-69678, France
| | - Fanny Molière
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Petrucci
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; UPEC, AP-HP Département Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Addictologie et de Psychiatrie (DMU IMPACT) des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Centre expert dépression resistante de la fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Raphaelle Richieri
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Pôle Psychiatrie, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, EA 7280, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Schmitt
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, ToNIC Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Stephan
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie Générale et de Réhabilitation Psycho Sociale 29G01 et 29G02, Centre Expert Depression Résistante FondaMental, EA 7479, CHRU de Brest, Hôpital de Bohars, Brest, France
| | | | - Philippe Courtet
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; U1253, iBrain, CIC1415, Inserm, CHRU de Tours, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- Fondation FondaMental, Creteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, Laboratoire Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (UMR INRA 1286), Université de Bordeaux, France
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Veselsky SL, Poirier MV, Tracy BM, Castater CA, Mehta C, Minihan AK, Williams KN, Gelbard RB, Faloye AO, Smith RN. Mechanisms of Self-Inflicted Injuries at an Urban City Hospital. Am Surg 2021; 88:1669-1674. [PMID: 33629879 DOI: 10.1177/0003134821998681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a major public health issue with root causes including psychological, economical, and societal factors. METHODS Retrospective review identified self-inflicted traumatic injuries (SITIs) at Grady Health System between 2009 and 2017. Patients were categorized by penetrating or blunt mechanism of injury (MOI). Outcomes included hospital length of stay (HLOS) and ventilator duration, mortality, and location of death. RESULTS 678 patients in total were identified. Penetrating MOI was most prevalent (n = 474). Patients with a blunt MOI were significantly younger (32 Y vs. 37 Y; P < .0001). Psychiatric illness was equally common between MOI at more than 50%. Penetrating traumas required longer ventilator times (1 D vs. 0 D; P < .0001) but shorter overall HLOS (4 D vs. 6 D; P = .0013). Mortality was twice as high in the penetrating group (29.8% vs. 11.8%; P < .0001). CONCLUSION Self-inflicted traumatic injuries occurred most often among younger adults and those with history of psychiatric illness. Penetrating traumas result in worse outcomes. Self-inflicted traumatic injuries carry high morbidity and mortality. Improved prevention strategies targeting high-risk groups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Veselsky
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA.,4518West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, WV, USA
| | - Marie-Veronique Poirier
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,25798Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brett M Tracy
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christine A Castater
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christina Mehta
- 25798Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adair K Minihan
- 25798Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Keneeshia N Williams
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rondi B Gelbard
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abimbola O Faloye
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randi N Smith
- 12239Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Division of Surgery, Emory University, Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, USA.,25798Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Gårdvik KS, Torgersen T, Rygg M, Lydersen S, Indredavik MS. Suicidality, function and associated negative life events in an adolescent psychiatric population at 3-year follow-up. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:109. [PMID: 33602162 PMCID: PMC7893950 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to examine psychosocial function, suicidality and school dropout in a clinical psychiatric population over a 3-year period from adolescence to young adulthood and explore associations with negative life events. METHODS This study is part of the Health Survey in Department of Children and Youth, St. Olavs hospital, Norway. In the first study visit (T1), 717 (43.5% of eligible) participated, aged 13-18 years (2009-2011), and 3 years later (T2), 570 answered a questionnaire (school functioning and negative life events), and 549 completed Kiddie SADS as telephone interview assessing DSM-IV diagnoses, psychosocial functioning and suicidality. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was more frequent among girls (17.9%) than among boys (5.4%) (risk difference; RD = 12.5%, CI (7.2 to 17.7), p < 0.001), as was suicidal behavior (25.0% vs. 9.5%, RD = 15.5%, CI (9.2 to 21.4), p < 0.001). Girls had lower psychosocial functioning than boys (Children's Global Assessment Scale; Mean score 68.2 vs. 75.2, Mean difference = - 7.0, CI (- 9.4 to - 4.7), p < 0.001), and more school dropout (22.5% vs. 13.2%, RD = 9.3%, CI (2.8 to 15.5), p = 0.006). For those with a psychiatric disorder, 24.8% of girls had suicidal ideation and 30.0% suicidal behavior, which was larger than for boys (RD = 18.0%, CI (10.8 to 24.7), p < 0.001, and RD = 18.3%, CI (10.2 to 25.8), p < 0.001, respectively). Exposure to negative life events was frequent for both genders, but more girls had experienced sexually uncomfortable or abusive situations, the last 3 years (23.5% vs. 2.9%, RD = 20.6%, CI (15.4 to 25.7), p < 0.001), and ever (44.4% vs. 7.9%, RD = 36.5%, CI (29.9 to 42.7), p < 0.001). Suicidal behavior was associated with having been threatened, physically harassed or violently hurt (RD = 16.7%, CI (9.5 to 23.9), p < 0.001), and for girls been put into sexually uncomfortable or abusive situations (RD = 20.1%, CI (10.4 to 29.9), p < 0.001) and seen others violently hurt (RD = 14.6%, CI (3.4 to 25.8), p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The high frequency of suicidality and school dropout confirms the severity of adolescent psychiatric disorders, especially among girls. Specific life events were associated risk factors and should be target points for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Skulstad Gårdvik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Children and Youth, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Terje Torgersen
- Orkdal District Psychiatric Centre, Division of Mental Health Care, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marite Rygg
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit Sæbø Indredavik
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Lang J, Kerr DM, Petri-Romão P, McKee T, Smith H, Wilson N, Zavrou M, Shiels P, Minnis H. The hallmarks of childhood abuse and neglect: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243639. [PMID: 33290423 PMCID: PMC7723263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the impacts of child maltreatment (CM) have been conducted in diverse areas. Mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between factors is lacking. Hallmarking is an approach which identifies common factors across studies and highlights the most robust findings. OBJECTIVES In a review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we addressed the following questions: 1) What are the hallmarks associated with exposure to CM across the bio-ecological spectrum? 2) What is the strength of evidence to support each hallmark? 3) What are the gaps that future research should address? METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out to find relevant systematic reviews or meta-analyses. 269 articles were read in full and 178 articles, encompassing more than 6000 original papers, were included in the final synthesis. All reviews were independently rated for quality by at least 2 reviewers using AMSTAR-2. RESULTS Of 178 review articles, 6 were rated as high quality (all meta-analyses) and 46 were rated as medium quality. Most were from high income countries. CONCLUSIONS Based on the most commonly reported high-quality research findings we propose that the hallmarks of exposure to child maltreatment are: Increased risk of psychopathology; Increased risk of obesity; Increased risk of high- risk sexual behaviours, Increased risk of smoking; and Increased risk of child maltreatment in children with disabilities. Research gaps include a lack of focus on complexity and resilience. Little can be concluded about directions of causality or mechanisms. Adequately powered prospective studies are required to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Lang
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- NHS Lanarkshire, Lanarkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Tracey McKee
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Smith
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Wilson
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Shiels
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Cheek SM, Reiter-Lavery T, Goldston DB. Social rejection, popularity, peer victimization, and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2020; 82:101936. [PMID: 33128964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are significant public health problems in adolescence. The current article provides a comprehensive systematic review examining the relationship between events leading to perceived low relational evaluation (e.g. social rejection) and SITBs among adolescents. Theoretical work posits that low relational evaluation is experienced as psychologically painful, a known correlate of SITBs. Therefore, events leading to low relational evaluation may be particularly informative in understanding the context of SITBs. The current review examines how experiences of low relational evaluation that are hypothesized to elicit psychological pain, such as social rejection, low popularity, and peer victimization are related to engagement in SITBs in adolescence. A total of 56 articles meeting inclusion criteria were identified. The hypothesis of an association between indicators of low relational evaluation and SITBs was generally supported throughout the literature, with more consistency found among studies examining suicidal ideation specifically. However, interpretation of the findings is constrained by various methodological limitations of studies. The present review concludes with a theoretical conceptualization of the relationship between perceived relational value and SITBs, leveraging social and evolutionary psychological theory, to guide future research into this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayna M Cheek
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
| | - Theresa Reiter-Lavery
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - David B Goldston
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Sharif Nia H, Heidari M, Naghavi N, Lehto RH, Haghdoost AA, Jafari-Koulaee A, Matbue YH, Yaghoobzadeh A, Goudarzian AH, Sharif SP. Age Changes and Suicidal Activity in Iran Over the Past Decade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2020; 86:312-337. [PMID: 33106088 DOI: 10.1177/0030222820966934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review study fills an important gap by aiming to determine the age changes in attempted and completed suicide in Iran during the past decade. A systematic review of related articles in international and Iranian databases from January 2008 to January 2020 was first conducted and relevant studies were extracted based on established criteria. Results showed that the mean age of suicide in Iran is 29.8 (range 27.7 - 31.8) years old for men and 27.4 (range 25.8 - 28.9) for women (P < 0.0001). The youngest and oldest populations of completed suicide belong to eastern and central regions of the country respectively. Findings imply the critical importance of increasing awareness through educational programs and public health campaigns to increase awareness and reduce suicidal behavior in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery Amol, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Heidari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Navaz Naghavi
- Taylor's Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca H Lehto
- Michigan State University, College of Nursing, East Lansing, United States
| | - Ali Akbar Haghdoost
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azar Jafari-Koulaee
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yasaman Hatef Matbue
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ameneh Yaghoobzadeh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Pahlevan Sharif
- Taylor's Business School, Faculty of Business and Law, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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Baldaçara L, Rocha GA, Leite VDS, Porto DM, Grudtner RR, Diaz AP, Meleiro A, Correa H, Tung TC, Quevedo J, da Silva AG. Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 1. Risk factors, protective factors, and assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 43:525-537. [PMID: 33111773 PMCID: PMC8555650 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a global public health problem that causes the loss of more than 800,000 lives each year, principally among young people. In Brazil, the average mortality rate attributable to suicide is approximately 5.23 per 100,000 population. Although many guidelines have been published for the management of suicidal behavior, to date, there are no recent guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine that apply to the reality of suicide in Brazil. The objective of this work is to provide key guidelines for managing patients with suicidal behavior in Brazil. This project involved 11 Brazilian psychiatry professionals selected by the Psychiatric Emergencies Committee (Comissão de Emergências Psiquiátricas) of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association for their experience and knowledge in psychiatry and psychiatric emergencies. For the development of these guidelines, 79 articles were reviewed (from 5,362 initially collected and 755 abstracts). In this review, we present definitions, risk and protective factors, assessments, and an introduction to the Safety Plan. Systematic review registry number: CRD42020206517
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Baldaçara
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.,Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gislene A Rocha
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.,Serviço Especializado em Reabilitação em Deficiência Intelectual, Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Verônica da S Leite
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil.,Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Palmas, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Deisy M Porto
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Associação Catarinense de Psiquiatria, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Roberta R Grudtner
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Núcleo de Dor e Neuromodulação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Secretaria Estadual da Saúde, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Diaz
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Humberto Correa
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Teng C Tung
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPq), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Serviços de Pronto Socorro e Interconsultas, IPq, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Translacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antônio G da Silva
- Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Asociación Psiquiátrica de América Latina (APAL)
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Noursi S, Clayton JA, Campbell J, Sharps P. The Intersection of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality and Intimate Partner Violence in the United States. CURRENT WOMENS HEALTH REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573404816999200502024742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
In the United States, rates of maternal morbidity and mortality (MMM) are
high compared with other high-income countries and are characterized by significant racial/ethnic
disparities. Typically, research on MMM focuses on obstetrical problems. Less research examines
the role of intimate partner violence (IPV). Maternal health, IPV, and their intersection are linked
with the impacts of social determinants of health.
Objective:
We sought to understand the intersection of MMM and IPV in the United States, particularly
data issues that hinder research in this area and the resulting knowledge gaps.
Methods:
We identified major articles of interest regarding maternal morbidity and mortality and
IPV in the United States and drafted a mini review based on relevant information.
Results:
Despite the prevalence of IPV during pregnancy, the intersection of maternal health and
IPV has not been widely reviewed or discussed.
Conclusion:
There are a number of limitations in surveillance activities and data collection that
underestimate the impact of IPV on MMM. Importantly, women who die by homicide or suicide—
which in many cases is linked with IPV—are not counted as pregnancy-related deaths in the United
States under the current definition. Establishing separate panels of local experts in maternal health
or maternal mortality review committees (MMRCs) that are dedicated to examining violent deaths
and use of the Maternal Mortality Review Information Application system would likely improve
data accuracy of pregnancy-associated deaths. Based on the literature reviewed and limitations of
current data, there are significant knowledge gaps on the effects of IPV and maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Noursi
- Office of Research on Women’s Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Janine Austin Clayton
- Office of Research on Women’s Health, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Campbell
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Phyllis Sharps
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 525 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Violence victimization and suicide attempts among adolescents aged 12-15 years from thirty-eight low- and middle-income countries. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 66:147-153. [PMID: 32866883 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between violence victimization and suicide attempts in a large representative sample of adolescents from low- and middle-income-countries (LMICs) of multiple continents has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between being a victim of physical attacks (independent variable) and suicide attempts (dependent variable) in a sample of 117,472 students aged 12-15 years [mean (SD) age 13.8 (0.9) years; girls 49.4%] from thirty-eight LMICs in Africa, the Americas, and Asia. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were analyzed. Self-reported data on past 12-month suicide attempts and exposure to physical attacks were collected. Logistic regression and meta-analysis were conducted. RESULTS The overall prevalence of suicide attempts and physical attacks were 10.1% and 39.4%, respectively. Overall, the results of the meta-analysis based on country-wise estimates adjusted for potential confounders (i.e., age, sex, food insecurity, alcohol consumption, bullying victimization, anxiety-induced sleep problems, low parental support/involvement, loneliness) showed that physical attacks were associated with a 1.71 (95%CI = 1.62-1.81) times higher odds for suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS In this large sample of adolescents from multiple LMICs, violence victimization was associated with significantly increased odds of suicide attempts. Future longitudinal studies are required to assess causality, and whether addressing exposure to violence can positively impact on adolescent suicide rates.
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Angelakis I, Austin JL, Gooding P. Association of Childhood Maltreatment With Suicide Behaviors Among Young People: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2012563. [PMID: 32756929 PMCID: PMC7407092 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Children and young people's reports of experiences of adverse childhood events have increased in recent years, and this trend has been associated with an elevated risk for suicide behaviors. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis is needed to confirm the significance of this association in young people. Objective To quantify the association between core types of childhood maltreatment, including sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and/or neglect and suicide behaviors in children and young adults. Data Sources Medline, PsychInfo, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health) databases were searched from January 1, 1980, until December 31, 2019. The reference lists of all the included studies were also checked. Study Selection Quantitative studies that focused on the association between core types of childhood abuse and/or neglect and suicide ideation, plans, and attempts. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted by 2 independent raters. Publication bias and risk of bias across studies were assessed. Meta-analyses using random-effect models were applied, and heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 statistic. Data were analyzed from January to May 2020 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) reporting guidelines. Main Outcomes and Measures The association between core types of childhood maltreatment and suicide behaviors. Results Seventy-nine studies with 337 185 young individuals (mean [SD] age, 15.67 [2.11] years; 63.19% female) were included. The findings demonstrated that sexual abuse (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% CI, 2.90-4.00), physical abuse (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.75-2.71), emotional abuse (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.37-3.57), emotional neglect (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36-2.74), physical neglect (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.27-2.53), and combined abuse (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 2.09-5.47) were significantly associated with higher rates of suicide attempts. Core types of childhood maltreatment were also associated with as much as 2.5-fold greater odds for suicide ideation, and sexual abuse with a 4.0-fold increase for suicide plans. Studies based on community samples (β [SE] = -1.68 [0.79]; P = .04) or with lower methodological quality (β [SE] = -2.86 [1.30]; P = .03) were associated more strongly with suicide attempts in those reporting experiences of sexual abuse, whereas young age was associated with both suicide attempts (β [SE] = -0.59 [0.27]; P = .03) and ideation (β [SE] = -0.41 [0.18]; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that policy actions should focus on raising public awareness and offering proactive suicide prevention therapies for children and young adults who have experienced abuse and/or neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Angelakis
- School of Psychology, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L. Austin
- School of Psychology, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Gooding
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, United Kingdom
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71
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Nyarko F, Peltonen K, Kangaslampi S, Punamäki-Gitai RL. How stressful life events and violence are related to mental health: the protective role of social relations in African context. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04629. [PMID: 32802978 PMCID: PMC7419586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are universally expected to be at risk for heightened stress and violence, and subsequently to mental health problems. Good social relationships may protect their mental health, but research has mainly focused on singular relations, such as peer popularity or general social support. The current study analyses the buffering role of multiple relationships in an African context. First, how stressful life-events and violent experiences are associated to mental health, and, second, whether good social relationships with parents, siblings and peers can buffer mental health from stress and violence. The participants were 415 Ghanaian students (aged 14-17 years, M = 16.51; 71% girls). They indicated mental health by depressive symptoms and psychological distress and reported the quality of parental (support and control), sibling (warmth and rivalry) and peer relationships, and exposure to stressful life-events and violence. Hierarchical linear regression models with main and interaction effects were used to analyze the data. Only stressful life-events, but not violence, were associated with higher levels of depressive and psychological distress symptoms. Positive sibling relationships played a buffering mental health role, as stressful life-events were not related with increased depressive symptoms among adolescents enjoying warm and intimate siblingships. No protective function was found for parental or peer relationships, although good maternal and peer relationships were associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Nyarko
- Faculty of Social Science, Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Peltonen
- Faculty of Social Science, Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Samuli Kangaslampi
- Faculty of Social Science, Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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72
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Gracia-Leiva M, Puente-Martínez A, Ubillos-Landa S, González-Castro JL, Páez-Rovira D. Off- and Online Heterosexual Dating Violence, Perceived Attachment to Parents and Peers and Suicide Risk in Young Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3174. [PMID: 32370200 PMCID: PMC7246745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dating violence (DV) is a public health problem among young people, especially women. It involves violent acts towards one's partner and occurs face-to-face (offline) or through the Internet (online). Offline DV is linked to suicidal ideation and attachment to parents and peers. Fewer studies analyze the psychological and social consequences of online DV. This study tests the link between young women's DV victimization (off- and online), suicide risk (SR), and parent and peer support in a sample of young Spanish females (N = 1227) (Mage=19, SD = 2.82; range = 13-28). Results confirm that compared to non-victims off- and online DV increase suicidal thoughts and attempts. This effect is stronger for victims of both types of DV (thoughts: OR offline DV = 3.11; CI95% 2.06, 4.69; OR online DV = 2.37; CI95% 1.69, 3.32; OR off-online DV = 4.19 CI95% 2.44, 7.17) (attempts: OR offline DV = 4.02; CI95% 1.83, 8.81; OR online DV = 3.69; CI95% 1.96, 7.01; OR off-online DV = 10.55 CI95% 2.56, 44.43). Mediation and moderation models were used to assess the effect of perceived attachment of parents and friends in DV victims and SR. Mediation analyses indicated that perceived attachment and proximity to parents and peers reduces the impact of DV on SR. Moderation analyses showed that a high level of perceived peer attachment reduces the effect of offline DV on SR. Regarding off-online DV, a high level of perceived parent attachment mitigates suicide risk. Loneliness, lack of care from loved ones, and thwarted belongingness increase suicidal thoughts in DV victims. Peers and parents' proximity may prevent risk behaviors in DV victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gracia-Leiva
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (A.P.-M.); (D.P.-R.)
| | - Alicia Puente-Martínez
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (A.P.-M.); (D.P.-R.)
| | - Silvia Ubillos-Landa
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - José Luis González-Castro
- Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Educational Science, University of Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Darío Páez-Rovira
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology of Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (M.G.-L.); (A.P.-M.); (D.P.-R.)
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73
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Wang GF, Han AZ, Zhang GB, Xu N, Xie GD, Chen LR, Yuan MY, Su PY. Sensitive periods for the effect of bullying victimization on suicidal behaviors among university students in China: The roles of timing and chronicity. J Affect Disord 2020; 268:12-19. [PMID: 32158002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether timing and chronicity of bullying victimization (BV) play a significant role in linking exposure to BV to suicidal behaviors in university students. METHODS A multistage stratification sampling method was used to select a sample of 4034 university students (18-23 years, mean age 20.38±1.35 years, 41.9% female). We used latent class analysis and developmental-stage-based characterizations of BV timing and chronicity to explore the sensitive periods for the effect of BV on suicidal behaviors. RESULTS The prevalence rates of suicidal ideation, plans and attempts among our study participants were 9.9%, 3.0% and 1.3%, respectively. BV during primary school (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.55-2.90) and secondary school (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.80-3.90) was associated with suicidal ideation among university students. We identified four classes of life-course BV experiences (low BV, 73.8%; moderate BV, 18.6%; secondary school BV, 4.4% and persistent BV, 3.2%). Persistent BV was associated with 2.50 times (95% CI: 1.56-3.98), 2.98 times (95% CI: 1.48-6.02), and 6.13 times (95% CI: 2.48-15.14) higher risk of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts, respectively. Both moderate BV (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.35-2.26) and secondary school BV (OR=2.01, 95% CI: 1.29-3.12) were positively correlated with suicidal ideation. Furthermore, there was a dose-response relationship between the number of periods of BV and suicidal behaviors. LIMITATIONS This study was a cross-sectional study based on self-reported measures, especially BV experiences in each school stage. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies sensitive periods for the effect of BV on suicidal behaviors among university students in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Fu Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - A-Zhu Han
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Bao Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Die Xie
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Ru Chen
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Yuan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Pu-Yu Su
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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74
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Koyama E, Zai CC, Bryushkova L, Kennedy JL, Beitchman JH. Predicting risk of suicidal ideation in youth using a multigene panel for impulsive aggression. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112726. [PMID: 31870620 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Childhood traumatic experiences and impulsive aggression are strong predictors of suicide ideation in youth. This study examines whether a gene panel previously associated with impulsive aggression, together with a measure of traumatic experience, will predict suicidal ideation in youth. The sample consisted of 158 youth (ages 9-17 years) of European ancestry that participated in a case-control study for childhood aggression. The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument (MAYSI-2) was used to examine suicide ideation and traumatic experiences. The impulsive aggression gene panel consists of 5 markers across 5 susceptibility genes (CRH, CRHR2, MC2R, OXTR, BDNF). A multi-gene risk score (MRS) for each individual was calculated by taking the total number of risk genotypes for that person. The covariates for the multiple regression model included sex, age, symptoms of anxiety/depression, MRS, traumatic experiences, and MRS x traumatic experience interaction. Results show the MRS x traumatic experience interaction term and the anxious/depressed symptoms to be significant predictors of suicide ideation in the full model. Importantly, genetic susceptibility to impulsive aggression and traumatic experiences remained a significant predictor for suicide ideation over and above the youth's level of anxiety and depression. This finding may have important implications for early intervention for youth suicide-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Koyama
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way Room 5218, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyubov Bryushkova
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph H Beitchman
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way Room 5218, Toronto, Ontario M6J 1H4, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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75
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Alberdi-Paramo I, Saiz-Gonzalez MD, Diaz-Marsa M, Carrasco-Perera JL. Bullying and childhood trauma events as predictive factors of suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder: Preliminary findings. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112730. [PMID: 31831199 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumas in childhood could present a significant association with suicidal behavior in BPD. The aim of the report is to study the link between a traumatic childhood involving school bullying and the different forms and degrees of suicidal behavior in BPD. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 109 BPD patients. It is divided into two groups whether or not there is a history of suicidal behavior. The clinical variables are compared with Chi square and Student's T tests. Traumatic childhood history and bullying, in particular, showed a statistically significant association with the incidence of suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Carrasco-Perera
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Cibersam, Spain
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76
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Assessing the Relationship Between School Failure and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Longitudinal Studies. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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77
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Specific traumatic events elevate the risk of a suicide attempt in a 10-year longitudinal community study on adolescents and young adults. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:179-186. [PMID: 31054127 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic events (TEs) have been associated with suicide attempts (SAs). However, the empirical status of some TEs is inconclusive. This also concerns community adolescents and young adults, known to be a high-risk group for SAs. We examined associations between (a) a range of prior TEs (physical attack, rape/sexual abuse, serious accident, and witnessing somebody else experiencing a TE) and a subsequent SA, and (b) the number of prior TEs and an SA, and (c) we estimated attributable proportions of SAs, in relation to each TE. Over a 10-year period, the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study prospectively assessed community members, aged 14-24 years at baseline. Starting with 3021 subjects, each individual was assessed up to four times. Assessment was based on the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Temporal associations were estimated using the Cox model with time-dependent covariates. Attributable proportions were based on the results of the Cox models. All four TEs elevated the risk for a subsequent SA, adjusting for confounders. Highest risk was found for the combined TE rape/sexual abuse. Results showed that 56-90% of SAs could be attributed to TEs in the exposed group; on the population level, attributable proportions ranged between 6.9% and 23.5%. Different TEs have been shown to elevate the risk of an SA in a young community sample. Our results suggest that both health professionals and health policy decision-makers consider specific TEs and the number of prior TEs as risk factors for SAs.
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78
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Muller JN, Moroco A, Loloi J, Portolese A, Wakefield BH, King TS, Olympia R. Violence Depicted in Superhero-Based Films Stratified by Protagonist/Antagonist and Gender. Cureus 2020; 12:e6843. [PMID: 32181080 PMCID: PMC7053689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe and quantify acts of violence depicted in a select number of superhero-based films, further stratified by protagonist/antagonist characters and gender. A total of 10 superhero-based films released in 2015-2016 were analyzed by five independent reviewers. The average number of acts of violence associated with protagonist and antagonist characters for all included films was 22.7 and 17.5 mean events per hour, respectively (p=0.019). The average number of acts of violence associated with male and female characters for all included films was 33.4 and 6.5 mean events per hour, respectively (p<0.001). The most common acts of violence for all major characters were “fighting”, “use of a lethal weapon”, “bullying/intimidation/torture”, “destruction of property”, and “murder” (14.9, 11.4, 3.5, 3.4, and 2.4 mean events per hour, respectively). Based on our sample of superhero-based films, acts of violence were associated more with protagonist characters and male characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Muller
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Annie Moroco
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Justin Loloi
- Internal Medicine, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
| | - Austin Portolese
- Emergency Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | | | - Tonya S King
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | - Robert Olympia
- Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, USA
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79
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Asarnow JR, Goldston DB, Tunno AM, Inscoe AB, Pynoos R. Suicide, Self-Harm, & Traumatic Stress Exposure: A Trauma-Informed Approach to the Evaluation and Management of Suicide Risk. EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 5:483-500. [PMID: 35573031 DOI: 10.1080/23794925.2020.1796547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with Taylor & Francis policy and their ethical obligation as researchers, the authors of this paper report the following disclosures. Dr. Asarnow receives grant, research, or other support from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, the American Psychological Foundation, the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (Division 53 of the APA), and the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. She has consulted on quality improvement for suicide/self-harm prevention and depression, serves on the Scientific Council of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, and the Scientific Advisory Board of the Klingenstein Third Generation Foundation. Drs. Asarnow, Goldston, Tunno, and Inscoe receive funding from a SAMHSA UCLA-Duke National Child Traumatic Stress Network Center grant, the purpose of which is to train, implement, and disseminate the intervention described in this report. There are no commercial conflicts of interest. Drs. Pynoos and Tunno receive funding from the National Center of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, SAMHSA. Lastly, Dr. Robert Pynoos is the Chief Medical Officer of Behavioral Health Innovations, LLC, which licenses and receives payment for the use of the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for DSM-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Rosenbaum Asarnow
- UCLA-Duke Center for Trauma-Informed Adolescent Suicide, Self-Harm & Substance Abuse Treatment & Prevention (ASAP), Partner in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Los Angeles, CA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David B Goldston
- UCLA-Duke Center for Trauma-Informed Adolescent Suicide, Self-Harm & Substance Abuse Treatment & Prevention (ASAP), Partner in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Angela M Tunno
- UCLA-Duke Center for Trauma-Informed Adolescent Suicide, Self-Harm & Substance Abuse Treatment & Prevention (ASAP), Partner in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Los Angeles, CA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.,UCLA-Duke National Center, National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adrienne Banny Inscoe
- UCLA-Duke Center for Trauma-Informed Adolescent Suicide, Self-Harm & Substance Abuse Treatment & Prevention (ASAP), Partner in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Los Angeles, CA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert Pynoos
- UCLA-Duke Center for Trauma-Informed Adolescent Suicide, Self-Harm & Substance Abuse Treatment & Prevention (ASAP), Partner in the National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Los Angeles, CA.,UCLA-Duke National Center, National Child Traumatic Stress Network, Los Angeles, CA
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80
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Lippard ET, Nemeroff CB. The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:20-36. [PMID: 31537091 PMCID: PMC6939135 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence has demonstrated that exposure to childhood maltreatment at any stage of development can have long-lasting consequences. It is associated with a marked increase in risk for psychiatric and medical disorders. This review summarizes the literature investigating the effects of childhood maltreatment on disease vulnerability for mood disorders, specifically summarizing cross-sectional and more recent longitudinal studies demonstrating that childhood maltreatment is more prevalent and is associated with increased risk for first mood episode, episode recurrence, greater comorbidities, and increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with mood disorders. It summarizes the persistent alterations associated with childhood maltreatment, including alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to disease vulnerability and a more pernicious disease course. The authors discuss several candidate genes and environmental factors (for example, substance use) that may alter disease vulnerability and illness course and neurobiological associations that may mediate these relationships following childhood maltreatment. Studies provide insight into modifiable mechanisms and provide direction to improve both treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T.C. Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Mulva Clinic for Neuroscience, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX
| | - Charles B. Nemeroff
- Department of Psychiatry, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX USA,Mulva Clinic for Neuroscience, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX
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81
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Kelbert EF, Pinheiro LM, Souza LDM, Pinheiro CAT, Pinheiro KAT, Motta JVS, Barros MMD, Coelho FMC, Souza MS, Martins CSR, Pinheiro RT. Suicide risk in people living with AIDS/HIV: the effect of childhood trauma is mediated by mental disorders and social vulnerability. AIDS Care 2019; 32:512-517. [PMID: 31801367 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2019.1695732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is an important problem in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The importance of mental disorders and social vulnerability on suicidal behaviors is described in the literature; however, the impact of childhood traumatic events in this scenario is not clear. The aim of this study was to verify the mediation effect of mental disorder comorbidities and social vulnerability in association with childhood trauma intensity and suicide risk level. This cross-sectional study of HIV-positive outpatients was conducted in a specialized care service in the city of Pelotas in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic data and HIV-related information were collected and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was applied. A total of 364 patients underwent psychiatric evaluation using MINI Plus including module C of suicide risk severity. Suicide risk was present in 39.3% of the sample. The relation between childhood traumatic events and the level of suicide risk is mediated by mental disorder comorbidities and socioeconomic vulnerability. Specific psychosocial interventions in PLWHA should consider the potential role of abusive traumatic experiences in the current mental health conditions and suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Kelbert
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L M Pinheiro
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - L D M Souza
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - C A T Pinheiro
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.,Serviço de Assistência Especializada, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - K A T Pinheiro
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - J V S Motta
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M M D Barros
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - F M C Coelho
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - M S Souza
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - C S R Martins
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R T Pinheiro
- Programa de Graduação em Saúde e Comportamento, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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82
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King CA, Grupp-Phelan J, Brent D, Dean JM, Webb M, Bridge JA, Spirito A, Chernick LS, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Mistry RD, Rea M, Keller A, Rogers A, Shenoi R, Cwik M, Busby DR, Casper TC. Predicting 3-month risk for adolescent suicide attempts among pediatric emergency department patients. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1055-1064. [PMID: 31328282 PMCID: PMC6742557 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of adolescent suicide is rising in the United States, yet we have limited information regarding short-term prediction of suicide attempts. Our aim was to identify predictors of suicide attempts within 3-months of an emergency department (ED) visit. METHODS Adolescents, ages 12-17, seeking health care at 13 pediatric EDs (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network) and one Indian Health Service Hospital in the United States were consecutively recruited. Among 10,664 approached patients, 6,448 (60%) were enrolled and completed a suicide risk survey. A subset of participants (n = 2,897) was assigned to a 3-month telephone follow-up, and 2,104 participants completed this follow-up (73% retention). Our primary outcome was a suicide attempt between the ED visit and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS One hundred four adolescents (4.9%) made a suicide attempt between enrollment and 3-month follow-up. A large number of baseline predictors of suicide attempt were identified in bivariate analyses. The final multivariable model for the full sample included the presence of suicidal ideation during the past week, lifetime severity of suicidal ideation, lifetime history of suicidal behavior, and school connectedness. For the subgroup of adolescents who did not report recent suicidal ideation at baseline, the final model included only lifetime severity of suicidal ideation and social connectedness. Among males, the final model included only lifetime severity of suicidal ideation and past week suicidal ideation. For females, the final model included past week suicidal ideation, lifetime severity of suicidal ideation, number of past-year nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) incidents, and social connectedness. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that the key risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts differ for subgroups of adolescents defined by sex and whether or not they report recent suicidal thoughts. Results also point to the importance of school and social connectedness as protective factors against suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacqueline Grupp-Phelan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Michael Dean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael Webb
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bridge
- Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lauren S Chernick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rakesh D Mistry
- Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Rea
- Medical Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Allison Keller
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexander Rogers
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rohit Shenoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary Cwik
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle R Busby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T Charles Casper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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83
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First-onset and persistence of suicidal ideation in university students: A one-year follow-up study. J Affect Disord 2019; 256:192-204. [PMID: 31177047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal evidence about risk and protective factors for suicidal ideation among university students is limited. METHODS 12-month first-onset and persistence of suicidal ideation (SI) among Spanish first-year university students were estimated using baseline (T1) and 12-month follow-up (T2) online surveys. Information about STBs, childhood/adolescence adversities, positive relationships, mental disorders, recent stressful experiences, and university sense of membership was assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to study risk/protective factors of first-onset and persistence of suicidal ideation (SI). RESULTS A total of 1,248 respondents (58.9% response) were included. Mean age at baseline was 18.7 (SD = 1.3) and 56.0% were female. 7.3% reported 12-month SI at T2. Incidence of new SI cases was 3.4% and, among students with SI at T1, 21.2% also reported SI at T2 (persistence). Risk factors of T2 SI included 12-month mood disorder at T2 both without (aOR = 12.08 95% CI 5.45-26.80) or with (aOR = 7.2 95% CI 2.91-17.80) lifetime mood at T1, past lifetime suicide attempt (aOR = 8.79 95% CI 2.37-32.64) and plan without attempt (aOR = 4.72 95% CI 2.32-9.61), and 12-month physical or sexual assault (aOR = 3.28 95% CI 1.13-9.46). Twelve-month mood at T2 withoutT1 lifetime mood (aOR = 11.27 95% CI 3.02-42.14) and childhood/adolescence emotional abuse or neglect (aOR = 3.41 95% CI 1.10-10.57) or having been bullied (aOR = 3.2 95% CI 1.08-9.53) were associated with first-onset of SI. Twelve-month mood at T2 either without (aOR = 13.92 95% CI 3.76-51.59) or with (aOR = 8.03 95% CI 2.13-30.29) were associated to T2 SI persistence. University sense of membership was protective for overall 12-month SI at T2 (aOR = 0.25 95% CI 0.12-0.53 for middle tertile), first-onset SI (aOR = 0.1 95% 0.02-0.55 for middle tertile) and persistence (aOR = 0.3 95% CI 0.11-0.81 for middle tertile). LIMITATIONS Analysis was based on self-report data focusing on SI only, and conclusions about the direction of the associations are limited. CONCLUSIONS High proportion of SI suggests the need of suicide prevention strategies. The potential role of university sense of membership in reducing suicidal behaviour among university students deserves further investigation.
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84
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Kim K, Kim JS, Seo Y. Association Between Victimization, Internet Overuse, and Suicidal Behaviors Among Adolescents. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 48:e42-e48. [PMID: 31204213 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify the association between violence exposure and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among adolescents and to test whether these relationships were mediated by internet overuse. DESIGN AND METHODS We used a cross-sectional design and analyzed the raw data of 101,440 high school students (52.1% male; mean age = 16.43 years, SD = 0.03) from the 10th-12th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. RESULTS A series of multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Violence exposure incurred a significantly higher risk of suicidal ideation (crude odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 4.44, 4.07-4.87), suicidal plans (crude odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 8.89, 7.94-9.96), and suicidal attempts (crude odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 11.17, 9.86-12.66). The Sobel test showed evidence of the mediating role of internet overuse in the relationship between violence exposure and each suicidal variable: ideation (p = .004), plans (p = .004), and attempts (p = .012). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings suggest a need to organize the protective procedures for victimized high school students so that they can use the internet more securely. In particular, adolescents who are prone to being victimized or bullied should have restricted access to the internet or monitored with caution to prevent internet overuse. Counseling for this population is suggested to reduce the risk of suicide by assessing the motivations and patterns of internet use. It is necessary to spread awareness among potential violence exposure group on coping with violence experience and using the internet appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeji Seo
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
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85
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Radde S, Gutwinski S, Stuke F, Fuchs A, Schouler-Ocak M, Bermpohl F, Henssler J. [Suicidal tendencies in adolescence : Dysfunctional familiar communication as risk factor]. DER NERVENARZT 2019; 89:1254-1261. [PMID: 29872879 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-018-0549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the four most common causes of death in adolescence worldwide. Although it is well known that suicidal people often have insufficient communication strategies, the importance of family communication for adolescent suicidality has not yet been sufficiently explored. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of family communication as a risk factor for adolescent suicidal tendencies and to develop treatment recommendations. METHODS In this study a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL and PsychINFO. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated and a summary prepared. RESULT A total of 195 studies were extracted and screened for their suitability. Of these studies, 7 which examined a total of 13,107 adolescents aged 11-22 years were included in this review and critically evaluated. Of the studies evaluated six found a correlative relationship between dysfunctional parent-child communication and adolescent suicidality. Communication with the mother appears to be more essential. CONCLUSION The results of this literature search indicate that functional communication with parents seems to be protective for suicidal adolescents. From this, recommendations can be derived for preventive measures in families with adolescents who are otherwise at increased risk of suicide. Longitudinal study designs are needed to conclusively answer the research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radde
- St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Tagesklinik Wedding, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité, Müllerstraße 56-58, 13349, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - S Gutwinski
- St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Tagesklinik Wedding, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité, Müllerstraße 56-58, 13349, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Stuke
- St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Tagesklinik Wedding, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité, Müllerstraße 56-58, 13349, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - A Fuchs
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - M Schouler-Ocak
- St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Tagesklinik Wedding, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité, Müllerstraße 56-58, 13349, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - F Bermpohl
- St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Tagesklinik Wedding, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité, Müllerstraße 56-58, 13349, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - J Henssler
- St. Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Tagesklinik Wedding, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik der Charité, Müllerstraße 56-58, 13349, Berlin, Deutschland
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86
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Piqueras JA, Soto-Sanz V, Rodríguez-Marín J, García-Oliva C. What is the Role of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Adolescent Suicide Behaviors? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142511. [PMID: 31337102 PMCID: PMC6679016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years. Specifically, the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology is related to increased risk for suicide at these ages. Few studies have analyzed the relations between these symptoms and their role as mediators in predicting suicide behavior. This study aimed to examine the relation between internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and suicide behaviors through a longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 238 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The data were analyzed via the PROCESS Statistical Package. The main results showed that previous depression symptoms had a significant indirect effect, through previous suicide behaviors and current depression symptoms, on current suicide behaviors, accounting for 61% of the total variance explained. Additionally, being a girl increased this risk. Therefore, the implementation of early identification and intervention programs to address youth symptoms of depression and suicidal behaviors could significantly reduce the risk for future suicidal behaviors in adolescence.
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87
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Soto-Sanz V, Castellví P, Piqueras JA, Rodríguez-Marín J, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Miranda-Mendizábal A, Parés-Badell O, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco MJ, Cebrià A, Gabilondo A, Gili M, Lagares C, Roca M, Alonso J. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms and suicidal behaviour in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 140:5-19. [PMID: 30980525 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms as risk factors for suicidal behaviour and suicide among adolescents and young adults. METHOD We conducted a systematic review of articles published until January 2017. We identified 26 883 potential papers; 1701 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 1479 were excluded because of methodological reasons. Diverse meta-analyses were performed for each group of symptoms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) or beta coefficients for categorical variables, and effect size (ES) were calculated for continuous variables. RESULTS Finally, 41 studies were included, involving participants aged 12-26 years for a systematic review, and 24 articles were included for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that youths with any internalizing (ES = 0.93) or externalizing symptoms (ES = 0.76 and OR = 2.59) were more likely to attempt suicide in future. This effect was also seen in depression symptoms (OR = 6.58 and ES = 1.00), legal problems (OR = 3.36), and anxiety (ES = 0.65). CONCLUSION Reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms are predictors of suicide behaviour in young people; therefore, the detection and management of these symptoms in young populations could be a crucial strategy for preventing suicidality in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - J A Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Marín
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - T Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Miranda-Mendizábal
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Parés-Badell
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Almenara
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Cadiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - I Alonso
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - M J Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología, y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - A Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, País Vasco, Spain.,Mental Health and Psychiatric Care Research Unit, BioDonosti Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Lagares
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología, y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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88
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Rooney EE, Hill RM, Oosterhoff B, Kaplow JB. Violent victimization and perpetration as distinct risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2019.1630280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan E. Rooney
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan M. Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Julie B. Kaplow
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine/Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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89
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Blasco MJ, Vilagut G, Almenara J, Roca M, Piqueras JA, Gabilondo A, Lagares C, Soto-Sanz V, Alayo I, Forero CG, Echeburúa E, Gili M, Cebrià AI, Bruffaerts R, Auerbach RP, Nock MK, Kessler RC, Alonso J. Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: Prevalence and Association with Distal and Proximal Factors in Spanish University Students. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2019; 49:881-898. [PMID: 30039575 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report on the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in Spanish university students and their risk and protective factors (distal/proximal; individual/environmental). METHODS First-year university students completed an online survey including Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI) items, the screening version of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) along with adversities and positive relationships during childhood/adolescence, recent stressful experiences, and lifetime mental disorders. Nested logistic regression models were estimated and areas under the curve (AUC) compared. RESULTS A total of 2,118 students completed the survey (mean age = 18.8 [SD = 1.4] years; 55.4% female). Twelve-month prevalence of suicide ideation (SI) was 9.9%, plans, 5.6%, and attempts, 0.6%. Risk factors of 12-month SI were as follows: parental psychopathology (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.5); sexual assault (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.4-22.1); lifetime mood disorder (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 3.5-7.7); and lifetime anxiety disorder (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1-2.5). Childhood positive relationships protected from SI were as follows: peers/others (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9 for the second highest tertile) and family (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7 for the highest tertile). AUC of the final model was 0.82 (SE = 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results indicate a high prevalence of SI among Spanish university students and identify protective and risk factors from a comprehensive conceptual model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesús Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | - Itxaso Alayo
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos G Forero
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, KU Leuven (UPC-KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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90
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Dorrington S, Zavos H, Ball H, McGuffin P, Sumathipala A, Siribaddana S, Rijsdijk F, Hatch SL, Hotopf M. Family functioning, trauma exposure and PTSD: A cross sectional study. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:645-652. [PMID: 30445390 PMCID: PMC6362264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only a minority of trauma-exposed individuals go on to develop post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous studies in high income countries suggest that maladaptive family functioning adversities (MFFA) in childhood may partially explain individual variation in vulnerability to PTSD following trauma. We test in a lower middle-income setting (Sri Lanka) whether: (1) MFFA is associated with trauma exposure; (2) MFFA moderates the association between exposure to trauma and later (a) PTSD (b) other psychiatric diagnoses; and (3) any association between MFFA and PTSD is explained by experiences of interpersonal violence, cumulative trauma exposure or comorbid psychopathology. METHODS We conducted a population study of 3995 twins and 2019 singletons residing in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Participants completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, including nine traumatic exposures and a questionnaire on MFFA. RESULTS 23.4% of participants reported exposure to MFFA. We found that (1) MFFA was strongly associated with trauma exposure (2) MFFA moderates the association between trauma exposure and both (a) PTSD and (b) other DSM psychiatric diagnosis. (3) This was not explained by interpersonal violence, cumulative trauma exposure or other psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS MFFA moderates the association between trauma and PTSD, and the association between trauma and non-PTSD psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dorrington
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Helena Zavos
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, UK
| | | | - Peter McGuffin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Athula Sumathipala
- Department of Primary Care and Health Services, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Faculty of Medicine & Allied Science, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Fruhling Rijsdijk
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Stephani L. Hatch
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Matthew Hotopf
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
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91
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Froberg BA, Morton SJ, Mowry JB, Rusyniak DE. Temporal and geospatial trends of adolescent intentional overdoses with suspected suicidal intent reported to a state poison control center. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019; 57:798-805. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1554186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake A. Froberg
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Poison Control Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - James B. Mowry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Poison Control Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel E. Rusyniak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana Poison Control Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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92
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King CA, Arango A, Ewell Foster C. Emerging trends in adolescent suicide prevention research. Curr Opin Psychol 2018; 22:89-94. [PMID: 28961458 PMCID: PMC5851793 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive public health strategy for adolescent suicide prevention includes upstream prevention strategies, strategies for risk recognition, and services for those at risk. Interpersonal trauma and substance use are important prevention targets as each is associated with risk for suicide attempts. Multiple prevention programs target these factors; however, the Family Check-Up, designed to reduce substance use and behavioral problems, also has been associated with reduced suicide risk. Several youth screening instruments have shown utility, and a large-scale trial is underway to develop a computerized adaptive screen. Similarly, several types of psychotherapy have shown promise, and sufficiently powered studies are underway to provide more definitive results. The climbing youth suicide rate warrants an urgent, concerted effort to develop and implement effective prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl A King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Alejandra Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cynthia Ewell Foster
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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93
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Rothman EF, Stuart GL, Temple JR, Heeren T. Alcohol, Marijuana, and Dating Abuse Perpetration by Young Adults: Results of a Daily Call Study. Violence Against Women 2018; 24:1187-1206. [DOI: 10.1177/1077801218781959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate same-day alcohol or marijuana use and dating abuse (DA) perpetration in a sample of 60 noncollege-attending young adults. Participants reported daily data for 3 months. DA perpetration was more likely on days when participants also reported alcohol use (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.38, 3.42]), but analyses of the temporal order indicated that alcohol use was not a proximal predictor of DA. Same day marijuana use was not associated with elevated risk of DA perpetration (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = [0.89, 2.21]). Results suggest the alcohol–DA relationship may vary by sample and context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff R. Temple
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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94
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Cha CB, Franz PJ, Guzmán EM, Glenn CR, Kleiman EM, Nock MK. Annual Research Review: Suicide among youth - epidemiology, (potential) etiology, and treatment. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:460-482. [PMID: 29090457 PMCID: PMC5867204 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of death and a complex clinical outcome. Here, we summarize the current state of research pertaining to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth. We review their definitions/measurement and phenomenology, epidemiology, potential etiological mechanisms, and psychological treatment and prevention efforts. RESULTS We identify key patterns and gaps in knowledge that should guide future work. Regarding epidemiology, the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth varies across countries and sociodemographic populations. Despite this, studies are rarely conducted cross-nationally and do not uniformly account for high-risk populations. Regarding etiology, the majority of risk factors have been identified within the realm of environmental and psychological factors (notably negative affect-related processes), and most frequently using self-report measures. Little research has spanned across additional units of analyses including behavior, physiology, molecules, cells, and genes. Finally, there has been growing evidence in support of select psychotherapeutic treatment and prevention strategies, and preliminary evidence for technology-based interventions. CONCLUSIONS There is much work to be done to better understand suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth. We strongly encourage future research to: (1) continue improving the conceptualization and operationalization of suicidal thoughts and behaviors; (2) improve etiological understanding by focusing on individual (preferably malleable) mechanisms; (3) improve etiological understanding also by integrating findings across multiple units of analyses and developing short-term prediction models; (4) demonstrate greater developmental sensitivity overall; and (5) account for diverse high-risk populations via sampling and reporting of sample characteristics. These serve as initial steps to improve the scientific approach, knowledge base, and ultimately prevention of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B. Cha
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia
University
| | | | - Eleonora M. Guzmán
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia
University
| | - Catherine R. Glenn
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of
Rochester
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95
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Intimate partner violence and mental disorders: Co-occurrence and gender differences in a large cross-sectional population based study in Spain. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:69-78. [PMID: 29306695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental disorders (MD) are important public health problems disproportionally affecting women. We aimed to study the epidemiology of IPV victimization, MD, and co-occurring IPV-MD in Spanish men and women in terms of i) prevalence, ii) association between IPV and MD, and iii) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with IPV, MD, and co-occurring IPV-MD. METHODS Community-based cross-sectional study with 4507 randomly selected participants. Measurement instruments (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and set of validated questions about IPV during the last 12 months) were administered by trained interviewers in participants' households. Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of IPV was 9.4%, of MD 22.3%, and of co-occurring MD-IPV 4.4%. MD was associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV (OR = 3.6; p < 0.05). Lack of social support, neuroticism, impulsivity, and family history of MD were associated with higher odds of IPV, MD, and co-occurring IPV-MD in men and women. Poor health status was associated with MD and with co-occurring IPV-MD in men and women. In women, not being married was associated with MD and with co-occurring IPV-MD; having a non-Spanish nationality was associated with IPV and co-occurring IPV-MD; and older age with IPV. In men, younger age was associated with MD. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of this study limited our ability to examine causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS MD and IPV are strongly associated. Although less frequently than in women, IPV in men is also associated with depression, post-traumatic and mood disorders, which has relevant implications for healthcare delivery.
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96
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the extant literature on social determinants of health as they relate to the cancer disparities and to highlight the research findings relating to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) populations. DATA SOURCES Published scientific literature and clinical literature, and published reports from the World Health Organization and US Department of Health and Human Services. CONCLUSION The larger literature on health inequities is moving beyond individual-level predictors of risk to evaluate the influence of social determinants of health on the persistent health inequalities in a population. As it has for other groups, additional research into social determinants of health for LGBT persons of color may play an important role in identifying and reducing cancer inequities for this group. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Increased awareness of the factors that contribute to health inequities for the LGBT population may provide insight into improving patient-provider relationships with LGBT patients. A large body of experiential and clinical knowledge positions nurses to conduct meaningful research to expand the current understanding of the social determinants of LGBT cancer health inequities.
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97
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Ramchand R, Franklin E, Thornton E, Deland SM, Rouse JC. Violence, Guns, and Suicide in New Orleans: Results from a Qualitative Study of Recent Suicide Decedents. J Forensic Sci 2018; 63:1444-1449. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enchanté Franklin
- RAND Gulf States Policy Institute New Orleans LA
- Orleans Parish Coroner's Office New Orleans LA
| | | | - Sarah M. Deland
- Orleans Parish Coroner's Office New Orleans LA
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rouse
- Orleans Parish Coroner's Office New Orleans LA
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA
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98
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Measures of frequency used in cohorts studies to evaluate the suicidal behaviour in young people (12-26 years): A systematic review. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2017; 12:213-231. [PMID: 29246461 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A priority for the WHO by 2020 is to have reduced the rates of suicide; they indicate difficulties in giving precise estimations due to a wide variety of factors, which include aspects related to the statistical measurements themselves of suicidal behaviour. The proportion of deaths from suicide is 8.5% among young people between 15-29 years of age. OBJECTIVE To review the methodology used to express the frequency of suicidal behaviour in young people and to describe the methodological characteristics of the studies reviewed. METHOD A systematic review of longitudinal studies registered on PROSPERO. The extracted information included the following: year of publication, journal, population size, sample, country, design, age, percentage of men, follow-up time and losses, suicidal behaviour, risk factors, ethical aspects, fundamentally, evaluating the measures of frequency used. RESULTS Eighty-two articles were selected from 37,793 documents. None of the studies define the measure of frequency used for suicidal behaviour, there are currently up to 9 different ways of measuring it. The populations are students or the general population (66%), birth cohorts (16%) and specific groups. Follow-up was from 24 weeks to 30 years. Only 24.1% of the studies took ethical aspects into consideration. CONCLUSIONS Researchers must make an effort to reach an agreement on the measures of frequency used in suicidal behaviour studies, as the methodological and terminological variability currently used impedes making any comparisons between different studies or understanding the real dimension of the problem.
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Tragno M, Ferreira Y, Tarquinio P, Duveau A, Tarquinio C. Impacts de la violence au travail selon l’identité de genre des victimes : étude exploratoire. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA & DISSOCIATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejtd.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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100
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Castellví P, Lucas-Romero E, Miranda-Mendizábal A, Parés-Badell O, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco MJ, Cebrià A, Gabilondo A, Gili M, Lagares C, Piqueras JA, Roca M, Rodríguez-Marín J, Rodríguez-Jimenez T, Soto-Sanz V, Alonso J. Longitudinal association between self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 215:37-48. [PMID: 28315579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with previous self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) have over 2-fold risk of dying by suicide, higher than older ages. This meta-analysis aims to disentangle the association of each SITB with subsequent suicidal behavior in adolescence/young adulthood, the contribution of each SITB, and the proportion of suicide deaths with no previous suicide attempt. METHODS We searched 6 databases until June 2015. INCLUSION CRITERIA 1. Assessment of any previous SITB [a) suicidal thoughts and behaviors (ideation; threat/gesture; plan; attempt); b) non-suicidal thoughts and behaviors (thoughts; threat/gesture; self-injury); c) self-harm] as a risk factor of suicide attempt or suicide death; 2. Case-control or cohort studies; 3. Subjects aged 12-26y. Random effect models, metaregression analyses including mental health and environmental variables, and population attributable risks (PAR)s were estimated. RESULTS From 23,682 potentially eligible articles, 29 were included in the meta-analysis (1,122,054 individuals). While 68% of all youth suicide deaths had no previous suicide attempt, suicide death was very strongly associated with any previous SITB (OR=22.53, 95%CI: 18.40-27.58). Suicide attempts were also associated with a history of previous SITB (OR=3.48, 95%CI: 2.71-4.43). There were no moderating effects for mental health and environmental features. The PAR of previous SITB to suicide attempts is 26%. LIMITATIONS There is considerable heterogeneity between the available studies. Due to limitations in the original studies, an over-estimation of the proportion dying at their first attempt cannot be ruled out, since they might have missed unrecognized previous suicide attempts. CONCLUSIONS Although more than two thirds of suicide deaths in adolescence/young adulthood have occurred with no previous suicidal behavior, previous SITBs have a much higher risk of dying by suicide than previously reported in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Castellví
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - E Lucas-Romero
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Miranda-Mendizábal
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - O Parés-Badell
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Almenara
- Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - I Alonso
- Morales Meseguer Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - M J Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - A Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Spain; Mental Health and Psychiatric Care Research Unit. BioDonosti Health Research Institute, Spain
| | - M Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - C Lagares
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research. University of Cádiz. Spain
| | - J A Piqueras
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - M Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J Rodríguez-Marín
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - T Rodríguez-Jimenez
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - V Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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