51
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Shang W, Quan Tan AY, van Steensel MAM, Lim X. ABERRANT WNT SIGNALING INDUCES COMEDO-LIKE CHANGES IN THE MURINE UPPER HAIR FOLLICLE. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:2603-2612.e6. [PMID: 34929175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell proliferation and differentiation must be carefully balanced to support tissue maintenance and growth. Defective stem cell regulation may underpin diseases in many organs, including the skin. Lrig1-expressing stem cells residing in the HF junction zone (JZ) support sebaceous gland (SG) homeostasis. An emerging hypothesis from observations in both mouse and human holds that imbalances in key stem cell regulatory pathways such as Wnt signaling may lead to abnormal fate determination of these Lrig1+ve cells. They accumulate and form cystic structures in the JZ that are similar to the comedones found in human acne. To test the possible involvement of Wnt signals in this scenario, we used the Lrig1-CreERT2 mouse line to modulate Wnt signaling in JZ stem cells. We observed that persistent activation of Wnt signaling leads to JZ cyst formation with associated SG atrophy. The cysts strongly express stem cell markers and can be partially reduced by all-trans retinoic acid treatment as well as by Hedgehog signaling inhibition. Conversely, loss of Wnt signaling leads to enlargement of JZ, infundibulum and SGs. These data implicate abnormal Wnt signaling in the generation of mouse pathologies that resemble human acne and respond to acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research
| | - Alvin Yong Quan Tan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research;; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research;.
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52
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Pukale S, Pandya A, Patravale V. Synthesis, characterization and topical application of novel bifunctional peptide metallodendrimer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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53
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Januário AP, Félix R, Félix C, Reboleira J, Valentão P, Lemos MFL. Red Seaweed-Derived Compounds as a Potential New Approach for Acne Vulgaris Care. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111930. [PMID: 34834345 PMCID: PMC8623078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit affecting both adolescents and adults. Its pathophysiology includes processes of inflammation, increased keratinization, sebum production, hormonal dysregulation, and bacterial Cutibacterium acnes proliferation. Common AV has been treated with antibiotics since the 1960s, but strain resistance has emerged and is of paramount concern. Macroalgae are known producers of substances with bioactive properties, including anti-viral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, among several others. In particular, red algae are rich in bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, lipids, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, conferring them antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Thus, the exploration of compounds from marine resources can be an appealing approach to discover new treatment options against AV. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the potentialities of red macroalgae in the treatment of AV by reviewing the main therapeutic targets of this disease, and then the existence of compounds or extracts with bioactive properties against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P. Januário
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - João Reboleira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
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54
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Transcriptional Differences in Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes in Murine Sebocytes Derived from Sebaceous Glands of the Skin and Preputial Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111631. [PMID: 34769061 PMCID: PMC8584257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous glands are adnexal structures, which critically contribute to skin homeostasis and the establishment of a functional epidermal barrier. Sebocytes, the main cell population found within the sebaceous glands, are highly specialized lipid-producing cells. Sebaceous gland-resembling tissue structures are also found in male rodents in the form of preputial glands. Similar to sebaceous glands, they are composed of lipid-specialized sebocytes. Due to a lack of adequate organ culture models for skin sebaceous glands and the fact that preputial glands are much larger and easier to handle, previous studies used preputial glands as a model for skin sebaceous glands. Here, we compared both types of sebocytes, using a single-cell RNA sequencing approach, to unravel potential similarities and differences between the two sebocyte populations. In spite of common gene expression patterns due to general lipid-producing properties, we found significant differences in the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the biogenesis of specialized lipid classes. Specifically, genes critically involved in the mevalonate pathway, including squalene synthase, as well as the sphingolipid salvage pathway, such as ceramide synthase, (acid) sphingomyelinase or acid and alkaline ceramidases, were significantly less expressed by preputial gland sebocytes. Together, our data revealed tissue-specific sebocyte populations, indicating major developmental, functional as well as biosynthetic differences between both glands. The use of preputial glands as a surrogate model to study skin sebaceous glands is therefore limited, and major differences between both glands need to be carefully considered before planning an experiment.
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55
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Zhu Z, Chen T, Wang Z, Xue Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Du Q, Wu Y, Zeng Q, Jiang C, Shen C, Liu L, Zhu H, Liu Q. Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Link Acne to the Action Mechanisms of Cryptotanshinone Intervention. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:700696. [PMID: 34539397 PMCID: PMC8440807 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.700696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The label-free methods of proteomic combined with metabolomics were applied to explore the mechanisms of Cryptotanshinone (CPT) intervention in rats with acne. The model group consisted of rats given oleic acid (MC), then treated with CPT, while control groups did not receive treatment. The skin samples were significantly different between control, model and CPT-treated groups in hierarchical clustering dendrogram. Obvious separations of the skin metabolic profiles from the three groups were found through PCA scoring. In total, 231 and 189 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in MC and CPT groups, respectively. By the KEGG analysis, five protein and metabolite pathways were found to be significantly altered. These played important roles in response to oleic acid-induced acne and drug treatment. CPT could negatively regulate glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and histidine metabolisms to decrease keratinocyte differentiation and improve excessive keratinization and cellular barrier function. CPT could down-regulate the IL-17 signaling pathway and regulate the acne-driven immune response of sebum cells. The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and linoleic acid pathways could significantly alter sebum production and control sebaceous gland secretion after CPT treatment. The gap junction was up-regulated after CPT treatment and the skin barrier turned back to normal. Krt 14, Krt 16 and Krt 17 were significantly down-regulated, decreasing keratinization, while inflammatory cell infiltration was improved by down-regulation of Msn, up-regulation of linoleic acid and estrogen pathways after CPT treatment. These results propose action mechanisms for the use of CPT in acne, as a safe and potential new drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Xue
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunqun Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanfu Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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56
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Wikramanayake TC, Nicu C, Chéret J, Czyzyk TA, Paus R. Mitochondrially localized MPZL3 emerges as a signaling hub of mammalian physiology. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100126. [PMID: 34486148 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MPZL3 is a nuclear-encoded, mitochondrially localized, immunoglobulin-like V-type protein that functions as a key regulator of epithelial cell differentiation, lipid metabolism, ROS production, glycemic control, and energy expenditure. Recently, MPZL3 has surfaced as an important modulator of sebaceous gland function and of hair follicle cycling, an organ transformation process that is also governed by peripheral clock gene activity and PPARγ. Given the phenotype similarities and differences between Mpzl3 and Pparγ knockout mice, we propose that MPZL3 serves as a signaling hub that is regulated by core clock gene products and/or PPARγ to translate signals from these nuclear transcription factors to the mitochondria to modulate circadian and metabolic regulation. Conservation between murine and human MPZL3 suggests that human MPZL3 may have similarly complex functions in health and disease. We summarize current knowledge and discuss future directions to elucidate the full spectrum of MPZL3 functions in mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Carina Nicu
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Traci A Czyzyk
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Metabolic Health Program, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.,Discovery Biology-CMD, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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57
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Blunder S, Krimbacher T, Moosbrugger‐Martinz V, Gruber R, Schmuth M, Dubrac S. Keratinocyte-derived IL-1β induces PPARG downregulation and PPARD upregulation in human reconstructed epidermis following barrier impairment. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1298-1308. [PMID: 33683743 PMCID: PMC8451818 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear hormone receptors. In skin, PPARs modulate inflammation, lipid synthesis, keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation and thus are important for skin barrier homeostasis. Accordingly, PPAR expression is altered in various skin conditions that entail epidermal barrier impairment, that is atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. Using human epidermal equivalents (HEEs), we established models of acute epidermal barrier impairment devoid of immune cells. We assessed PPAR and cytokine expression after barrier perturbation and examined effects of keratinocyte-derived cytokines on PPAR expression. We show that acetone or SDS treatment causes graded impairment of epidermal barrier function. Furthermore, we demonstrate that besides IL-1β and TNFα, IL-33 and TSLP are highly relevant markers for acute epidermal barrier impairment. Both SDS- and acetone-mediated epidermal barrier impairment reduce PPARG expression levels, whereas only SDS enhances PPARD expression. In line with findings in IL-1β and TNFα-treated HEEs, abrogation of IL-1 signalling restores PPARG expression and limits the increase of PPARD expression in SDS-induced epidermal barrier impairment. Thus, following epidermal barrier perturbation, keratinocyte-derived IL-1β and partly TNFα modulate PPARG and PPARD expression. These results emphasize a role for PPARγ and PPARβ/δ in acute epidermal barrier impairment with possible implications for diseases such as AD and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Krimbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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58
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van Steensel MAM, Goh BC. Cutibacterium acnes: Much ado about maybe nothing much. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1471-1476. [PMID: 34009698 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cutibacterium acnes (also known as Propionibacterium acnes) has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne, inspiring both therapeutic and personal care approaches aiming to control the disease by controlling the bacterium. The purported association has made people with acne feel dirty and led to the-at times excessive-use of cleansers, antiseptics and antibiotics for the condition. However, recent evidence seems to weaken the case for C. acnes' involvement. New genetics and molecular biology findings strongly suggest that abnormal differentiation of sebaceous progenitor cells causes comedones, the primary lesions in acne. Comodegenesis is initiated by androgens and is unlikely to be triggered by C. acnes, which probably doesn't affect sebaceous differentiation. Is there still a place for it in this understanding of acne? It is necessary to critically address this question because it has consequences for treatment. Antibiotic use for acne noticeably contributes to microbial drug resistance, which we can ill afford. In this Viewpoint, we explore if and how C. acnes (still) fits into the developing view on acne. We also briefly discuss the implications for therapy in the light of antibiotic resistance and the need for more targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice A M van Steensel
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Chong Goh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre Center, Singapore, Singapore
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59
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Törőcsik D, Fazekas F, Póliska S, Gregus A, Janka EA, Dull K, Szegedi A, Zouboulis CC, Kovács D. Epidermal Growth Factor Modulates Palmitic Acid-Induced Inflammatory and Lipid Signaling Pathways in SZ95 Sebocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600017. [PMID: 34025636 PMCID: PMC8134683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) acts as a paracrine and autocrine mediator of cell proliferation and differentiation in various types of epithelial cells, such as sebocytes, which produce the lipid-rich sebum to moisturize the skin. However, sebum lipids via direct contact and by penetrating through the epidermis may have regulatory roles on epidermal and dermal cells as well. As EGF receptor (EGFR) is expressed throughout the proliferating and the lipid-producing layers of sebaceous glands (SGs) in healthy and acne-involved skin, we investigated the effect of EGF on SZ95 sebocytes and how it may alter the changes induced by palmitic acid (PA), a major sebum component with bioactive roles. We found that EGF is not only a potent stimulator of sebocyte proliferation, but also induces the secretion of interleukin (IL)6 and down-regulates the expression of genes involved in steroid and retinoid metabolism. Importantly, when applied in combination with PA, the PA-induced lipid accumulation was decreased and the cells secreted increased IL6 levels. Functional clustering of the differentially regulated genes in SZ95 sebocytes treated with EGF, PA or co-treated with EGF+PA further confirmed that EGF may be a potent inducer of hyperproliferative/inflammatory pathways (IL1 signaling), an effect being more pronounced in the presence of PA. However, while a group of inflammatory genes was up-regulated significantly in EGF+PA co-treated sebocytes, PA treatment in the absence of EGF, regulated genes only related to cell homeostasis. Meta-analysis of the gene expression profiles of whole acne tissue samples and EGF- and EGF+PA -treated SZ95 sebocytes showed that the EGF+PA co-activation of sebocytes may also have implications in disease. Altogether, our results reveal that PA-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation can be modulated by EGF in sebocytes, which also highlights the need for system biological approaches to better understand sebaceous (immuno)biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Fazekas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Gregus
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dull
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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60
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Lousada MB, Lachnit T, Edelkamp J, Rouillé T, Ajdic D, Uchida Y, Di Nardo A, Bosch TCG, Paus R. Exploring the human hair follicle microbiome. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:802-815. [PMID: 32762039 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human hair follicles (HFs) carry complex microbial communities that differ from the skin surface microbiota. This likely reflects that the HF epithelium differs from the epidermal barrier in that it provides a moist, less acidic, and relatively ultraviolet light-protected environment, part of which is immune-privileged, thus facilitating microbial survival. Here we review the current understanding of the human HF microbiome and its potential physiological and pathological functions, including in folliculitis, acne vulgaris, hidradenitis suppurativa, alopecia areata and cicatricial alopecias. While reviewing the main human HF bacteria (such as Propionibacteria, Corynebacteria, Staphylococci and Streptococci), viruses, fungi and parasites as human HF microbiome constituents, we advocate a broad view of the HF as an integral part of the human holobiont. Specifically, we explore how the human HF may manage its microbiome via the regulated production of antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin, psoriasin, RNAse7 and dermcidin) by HF keratinocytes, how the microbiome may impact on cytokine and chemokine release from the HF, and examine hair growth-modulatory effects of antibiotics, and ask whether the microbiome affects hair growth in turn. We highlight major open questions and potential novel approaches to the management of hair diseases by targeting the HF microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Lousada
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - T Lachnit
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J Edelkamp
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - T Rouillé
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - D Ajdic
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Y Uchida
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
| | - A Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - T C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - R Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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61
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Hu T, Wei Z, Ju Q, Chen W. Sexualhormone und Akne: Aktueller Stand. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:509-516. [PMID: 33861017 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14426_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Ju
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - WenChieh Chen
- Abteilung Dermatologie und Allergologie, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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62
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Geueke A, Niemann C. Stem and progenitor cells in sebaceous gland development, homeostasis and pathologies. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:588-597. [PMID: 33599012 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sebaceous glands (SGs), typically associated with hair follicles, are critical for the homeostasis and function of mammalian skin. The main physiological function of SGs is the production and holocrine secretion of sebum to lubricate and protect the skin. Defective SGs have been linked to a variety of skin disorders, including acne, seborrheic dermatitis and formation of sebaceous tumors. Thus, a better understanding how SGs are formed and maintained is important to unravel the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of SG pathologies and to find better and effective therapies. Over the last two decades, research has come a long way from the initial identification of skin epithelial stem cells to the isolation and functional characterization of multiple stem cell pools as well as a better understanding of their unique and complex activities that drive skin homeostasis and operate in skin pathologies. Here, we discuss recent progress in unravelling cellular mechanisms underlying SG development, homeostasis and sebaceous tumor formation and assess the role of stem and progenitor cells in controlling SG physiology and disease processes. The development of elegant in vivo imaging as well as various in vitro and ex vivo stem cell and SG tissue models will advance mechanistic studies on SG function and allow drug screening and testing for efficient and successful targeting SG pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Geueke
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Catherin Niemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, CMMC Research Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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63
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Hu T, Wei Z, Ju Q, Chen W. Sex hormones and acne: State of the art. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:509-515. [PMID: 33576151 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Acne is an androgen-dependent inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles. Herein, we reviewed and discussed the underlying pathways of androgen biosynthesis and metabolism, non-genomic regulation of androgen receptor expression and function, posttranslational regulation of androgen excess in acne and acne-associated syndromes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We provide insights into the involvement of sex hormones, particularly androgens, in skin homeostasis and acne pathogenesis, including comedogenesis, lipogenesis, microbiota, and inflammation. Advanced understanding of the action mechanisms of classical acne treatment and new development of antiandrogens, both topical and systemic, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ju
- Department of Dermatology, South Campus, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - WenChieh Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Yuan W, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Bao K, Yu X, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Jiang G, Hong M. Formononetin attenuates atopic dermatitis by upregulating A20 expression via activation of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113397. [PMID: 32971159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex skin disease with highly heterogeneous inflammation, which ranks among the largest component of the nonfatal diseases worldwide. The medications currently used to treat AD primarily include antihistamines, vitamin D and anti-inflammatory drugs, etc. But, the usage of these drugs is usually accompanied by various side-effects. Formononetin (FMN), a natural active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, decreases the AD relapse rate, reduces recurring severity incidence and resists the inflammation in the initial stage of AD. However, the underlying mechanism of FMN on repressing the development of AD is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the potential mechanism of FMN on relieving the initial responses of AD and elucidate its possible therapeutic targets in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS A fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-induced mouse model of the initial stage of AD was established in vivo. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells were co-stimulated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) in vitro. The production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA). The protein expression was measured through immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The mRNA expression was examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The impact of TNF-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3/A20) was reflected using its small interfering RNA (siRNA). The role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) was explored using its agonist (G1), antagonist (G15) or siRNA (siGPER) in vitro. RESULTS We found that FMN upregulated the expression of A20 protein and mRNA in the initial stage of AD model, especially in the epithelial region of ear tissue, and inhibited the production of TSLP simultaneously. Consistently, FMN significantly upregulated A20 protein and its mRNA expression while reduced TSLP protein and its mRNA expression in vitro, and this effect could be antagonized by A20 siRNA (siA20). Moreover, compared with PPT (ERα agonist) and DPN (ERβ agonist), G1 could significantly increase the expression of A20. In addition, compared with MPP (ERα antagonist) and PHTPP (ERβ antagonist), G15 could markedly reduce the expression of A20. Furthermore, the effects of FMN on A20 were interfered by siGPER and G15 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that FMN attenuated AD by upregulating A20 expression via activation of GPER. This new strategy might have effective therapeutic potential for AD and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yijing Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Kaifan Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xuerui Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jie Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Guorong Jiang
- Suzhou Academy of Wumen Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Min Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Knox S, O'Boyle NM. Skin lipids in health and disease: A review. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 236:105055. [PMID: 33561467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our skin is the interface between us and our environment - a flexible barrier that has evolved for protection, immunity, regulation and sensation. Once regarded as inert, we now know that it is a dynamic environment. Skin lipids are crucial to the structure and function of skin. From deep in the hypodermis, through the ceramide-rich epidermis, to the lipids of the skin surface, there are a vast array of different lipids with important roles to play. This review firstly discusses the lipid composition of human skin and secondly, changes that have been found in skin lipid composition in different skin diseases. Further research into skin lipids facilitated by ever-improving methodologies will no doubt generate new knowledge, paving the way for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of skin disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Knox
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.
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Garcia-Vega L, O’Shaughnessy EM, Albuloushi A, Martin PE. Connexins and the Epithelial Tissue Barrier: A Focus on Connexin 26. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010059. [PMID: 33466954 PMCID: PMC7829877 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Tissues that face the external environment are known as ‘epithelial tissue’ and form barriers between different body compartments. This includes the outer layer of the skin, linings of the intestine and airways that project into the lumen connecting with the external environment, and the cornea of the eye. These tissues do not have a direct blood supply and are dependent on exchange of regulatory molecules between cells to ensure co-ordination of tissue events. Proteins known as connexins form channels linking cells directly and permit exchange of small regulatory signals. A range of environmental stimuli can dysregulate the level of connexin proteins and or protein function within the epithelia, leading to pathologies including non-healing wounds. Mutations in these proteins are linked with hearing loss, skin and eye disorders of differing severity. As such, connexins emerge as prime therapeutic targets with several agents currently in clinical trials. This review outlines the role of connexins in epithelial tissue and how their dysregulation contributes to pathological pathways. Abstract Epithelial tissue responds rapidly to environmental triggers and is constantly renewed. This tissue is also highly accessible for therapeutic targeting. This review highlights the role of connexin mediated communication in avascular epithelial tissue. These proteins form communication conduits with the extracellular space (hemichannels) and between neighboring cells (gap junctions). Regulated exchange of small metabolites less than 1kDa aide the co-ordination of cellular activities and in spatial communication compartments segregating tissue networks. Dysregulation of connexin expression and function has profound impact on physiological processes in epithelial tissue including wound healing. Connexin 26, one of the smallest connexins, is expressed in diverse epithelial tissue and mutations in this protein are associated with hearing loss, skin and eye conditions of differing severity. The functional consequences of dysregulated connexin activity is discussed and the development of connexin targeted therapeutic strategies highlighted.
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67
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Bernales Salinas A. Acne vulgaris: role of the immune system. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1076-1081. [PMID: 33426647 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a worldwide condition that has a complex pathophysiology. The knowledge of this pathology is clear in its four classic principles based on the pilosebaceous unit; there exists hyperkeratinization of its duct, increase of sebum production, anaerobic bacterias, and inflammatory response. However, new findings have explained the relationship that occurs inside the acne lesion. The immune system has a key role since it is stimulated by the other participants involved, such as phylotypes of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), sebaceous glands (SGs), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and other immune system pathways.
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68
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Yen H, Chang YT, Yee FJ, Huang YC. Metformin Therapy for Acne in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:11-23. [PMID: 33048332 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne is one of the cutaneous manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There is limited evidence on metformin use for treatment of acne in PCOS patients. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of metformin for treatment of PCOS-related acne. METHODS On November 23, 2019, we searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for human clinical studies in any language. The keywords included 'acne' and 'polycystic ovary syndrome' combined with 'metformin,' 'biguanide,' or 'glucophage.' We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs), and open-label studies on patients with PCOS treated with metformin. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) for acne scores and odds ratios (ORs) for presence of acne, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias instrument for RCTs. NRCTs and open-label studies were assessed using the adapted methodological index for nonrandomized studies (MINORS). RESULTS We included 51 studies on 2405 PCOS patients. Metformin as adjuvant therapy led to greater improvement of acne scores than the same therapy without metformin (SMD - 0.256; 95% CI - 0.439 to - 0.074). Pooling pre- and post-metformin therapy data showed significant decrease of acne scores after metformin use (SMD - 0.712; 95% CI - 0.949 to - 0.476). Presence of acne decreased significantly after metformin treatment (OR 0.362; 95% CI 0.271 to 0.485). LIMITATIONS There was heterogeneity across some studies due to different acne assessment scales, metformin dosages, and treatment durations. CONCLUSIONS For PCOS patients, metformin as stand-alone or adjuvant therapy was associated with improvement of acne. More randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these results. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42020159656.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd., Wenshan Dist., Taipei City, 116, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Chang
- Department of Medical Education, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fui-Jun Yee
- Department of Medical Education, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Rd., Wenshan Dist., Taipei City, 116, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Big Data and Meta-Analysis, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Fresta M, Mancuso A, Cristiano MC, Urbanek K, Cilurzo F, Cosco D, Iannone M, Paolino D. Targeting of the Pilosebaceous Follicle by Liquid Crystal Nanocarriers: In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of the Entrapped Minoxidil. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111127. [PMID: 33266444 PMCID: PMC7700400 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The topical administration of active compounds represents an advantageous strategy to reach the various skin components as well as its appendages. Pilosebaceous follicles are skin appendages originating in the deeper skin layers. They are very difficult to target, and hence higher active dosages are generally required to achieve effective biological responses, thus favoring the rise of side effects. The aim of this work was to design a supramolecular colloidal carrier, i.e., a liquid crystal nanocarrier, for the selective delivery of active compounds into the pilosebaceous follicle. This nanocarrier showed mean sizes of ~80 nm, a good stability, a negative surface charge, and great safety properties. In vitro studies highlighted its ability to contain and release different substances and to successfully permeate the skin. Minoxidil was encapsulated in the nanocarriers and the in vivo biological effect was compared with a conventional dosage form. Minoxidil-loaded liquid crystal nanocarrier was able to selectively reach the pilosebaceous follicle, thus allowing an increased biological effectiveness of the delivered active in terms of biological response, duration of the biological effects, and reduction of collaterals. Our investigation showed that liquid crystal nanocarriers represent a promising device for the treatment of different pilosebaceous follicular impairments/diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Fresta
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.F.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.F.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria Chiara Cristiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.C.C.); (K.U.)
| | - Konrad Urbanek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.C.C.); (K.U.)
| | - Felisa Cilurzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti—Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Donato Cosco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.F.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Michelangelo Iannone
- National Council of Research (CNR), The Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy;
| | - Donatella Paolino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto (CZ), Italy; (M.C.C.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-369-4211
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Contribution of GATA6 to homeostasis of the human upper pilosebaceous unit and acne pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5067. [PMID: 33082341 PMCID: PMC7575575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although acne is the most common human inflammatory skin disease, its pathogenic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we show that GATA6, which is expressed in the upper pilosebaceous unit of normal human skin, is down-regulated in acne. GATA6 controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation to prevent hyperkeratinisation of the infundibulum, which is the primary pathological event in acne. When overexpressed in immortalised human sebocytes, GATA6 triggers a junctional zone and sebaceous differentiation program whilst limiting lipid production and cell proliferation. It modulates the immunological repertoire of sebocytes, notably by upregulating PD-L1 and IL10. GATA6 expression contributes to the therapeutic effect of retinoic acid, the main treatment for acne. In a human sebaceous organoid model GATA6-mediated down-regulation of the infundibular differentiation program is mediated by induction of TGFβ signalling. We conclude that GATA6 is involved in regulation of the upper pilosebaceous unit and may be an actionable target in the treatment of acne.
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71
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Identifying health correlates of intimate partner violence against pregnant women. Health Inf Sci Syst 2020; 8:36. [PMID: 33088491 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-020-00124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Violence against women during pregnancy is a serious public health concern due to its significant adverse health consequences for both the mother and the baby. This study aims to systematically identify common health problems and synergistic health correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) that specifically affect pregnant women. Methods We mine large-scale electronic health record (EHR) data from the IBM Explorys database to identify health problems that are prevalent in both IPV and pregnancy populations, as well those that are synergistically associated with the presence of IPV during pregnancy. For this purpose, we develop methods that enhance the statistical reliability of identified patterns by constructing confidence intervals that take into account systematic bias and measurement errors in addition to the variance in estimation. Results We identify with high confidence 668 and 2750 terms that are respectively prevalent in respectively IPV and pregnancy populations. Of these terms, 279 are common. We also identify 16 synergistic health correlates with high confidence. Our results suggest that mental health, substance abuse, and genitourinary complications are prevalent among pregnant women exposed to IPV. The synergistic terms we identify reveal potential conditions that can be direct consequences of trauma (e.g., tibial fracture), long-term health consequences (e.g., chronic rhinitis), markers associated with the demograhics of affected populations (e.g., acne), and risk factors that potentially increase vulnerability during pregnancy (e.g., disorders of attention and motor control). Conclusions Our results indicate that IPV significantly affects the well-being of pregnant women in multiple ways. The findings of this study can be useful for screening of IPV in pregnant women. Finally, the methodology presented here can also be useful for investigating the synergy between other medical conditions using EHR databases with privacy constraints.
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Wang H, Wang J, Zhou M, Jia Y, Yang M, He C. Prediction of neonatal acne based on maternal lipidomic profiling. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:2759-2766. [PMID: 32027074 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal acne occurs in the first few weeks after birth. Some lesions are more serious and leave scars. Maternal surface skin lipids (SSL) have a strong correlation with SSL of infants. The establishment of prediction rank model based on maternal SSL is essential to the prevention and treatment of neonatal acne. METHOD Surface skin lipids samples were collected from the mothers (M) of 56 neonatal acne patients and the mothers (HM) of 19 healthy infants. Surface skin lipids from the right forehead were collected using a noninvasive method. UPLC-QTOF-MS was applied to detect SSL. Partial least squares discriminant analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed to screen and validate potential lipids. Random forest (RF) and ROC analysis were used to establish a prediction model and evaluate its accuracy. RESULTS Sixteen altered potential lipids belonging to fatty acids, sphingomyelins, and glycerides were associated with M. M had less lipids than HM. Spearman's correlation of 16 lipids revealed 9 with high correlation. They were chosen as characteristic values of the RF prediction model. And the model showed an average accuracy of 98% in the validation set. CONCLUSION We have established an RF model for predicting neonatal acne and have shown that high skin barrier-related lipids were markers for predicting neonatal acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecong Wang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiateng Wang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Capital Institute of Paediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Zouboulis CC, Yoshida GJ, Wu Y, Xia L, Schneider MR. Sebaceous gland: Milestones of 30‐year modelling research dedicated to the “brain of the skin”. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:1069-1079. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodore Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Dessau Germany
| | - Go J. Yoshida
- Department of Immunological Diagnosis Juntendo University School of Medicine Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Yaojiong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School and Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Longqing Xia
- Department of Dermatology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Marlon R. Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) Berlin Germany
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Briganti S, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M. Acne as an altered dermato‐endocrine response problem. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:833-839. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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Lee Y, Shin K, Shin KO, Yoon S, Jung J, Hwang E, Chung HJ, Hossini AM, Zouboulis CC, Baek MJ, Baek JH, Chi YM, Lee S, Jeong S. Topical application of autophagy-activating peptide improved skin barrier function and reduced acne symptoms in acne-prone skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1009-1016. [PMID: 32697858 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies about the important roles of autophagy signaling in sebaceous lipogenesis and epidermal differentiation suggest potential benefits of autophagy activation in acne. AIMS To investigate the effects of an autophagy activator on acne-prone skin. METHODS Autophagy signaling in human immortalized SZ95 sebocytes, normal human epidermal keratinocytes, and 3D reconstituted skin was examined. Effects of an autophagy-activating peptide on sebaceous lipogenesis were measured by fluorescence microscopic analysis. The clinical efficacy in acne-prone skin was evaluated through an eight-week, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study. Changes in skin surface lipid compositions were further analyzed. RESULTS In cultured sebocytes and keratinocytes, the investigated autophagy-activating peptide increased LC3-II expression, indicating a stimulation of autophagy signaling. Testosterone and linoleic acid treatment induced lipogenesis in cultured sebocytes and is further inhibited by the autophagy activator peptide treatment. Increased expression of differentiation marker proteins in cultured keratinocytes was also observed by autophagy-activating peptide. In clinical study, reduction of closed comedones and the amount of skin surface lipids as well as of trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) were observed in acne-prone skin after autophagy-activating peptide application. In addition, reduction of squalene and increase in cholesterol were observed after an 8-week application. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of an autophagy activator downregulated sebaceous lipogenesis and improved the skin barrier function. Considering the important roles of sebum and skin barrier function in acne pathogenesis, autophagy activation might represent a new therapeutic option in early forms of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjin Lee
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kayoung Shin
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp. Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seokjeong Yoon
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp. Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp. Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eojin Hwang
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp. Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jee Chung
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp. Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Amir M Hossini
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Min Jeong Baek
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hwoon Baek
- Dermapro Skin Research Center, DERMAPRO Ltd., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Chi
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sangeun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sekyoo Jeong
- Research Division, Incospharm Corp. Daejeon, South Korea
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Abstract
Multidisciplinary investigations into the pathogenesis of acne have significantly progressed over the past three years. Studies of the etiology of acne from the perspectives, for example, of sebaceous gland biology, sebum, genetics, keratinization, differentiation, hair cycles, immunology, bacteriology, and wound healing have elucidated its pathogenesis. This has led to the development of new therapies and paved the way for advanced studies that will enable the further evolution of acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kurokawa
- Department of Dermatology, Acne Clinical Research Center, Meiwa Hospital, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8186, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakase
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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77
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Sato T, Shibata F, Koiwai T, Akimoto N. Different regulation of lipogenesis in sebocytes and subcutaneous preadipocytes in hamsters in vitro. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100761. [PMID: 32300663 PMCID: PMC7152706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sebaceous gland cells (sebocytes) differentiate to intracellularly accumulate lipid droplets – a phenomenon similar to that found in adipocytes. In the present study, we examined whether the regulation of lipogenesis in sebocytes is the same as that in preadipocytes. When sebocytes and preadipocytes, prepared from auricle and subcutaneous adipose tissues from the inguinal region of hamsters, respectively, were treated with a common differentiation inducer, insulin, intracellular lipid-droplet formation and triacyglycerol (TG) production were dose- and time-dependently augmented in both. Insulin increased the production of perilipin, a differentiation marker in both sebocytes and adipocytes. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) augmented the intracellular level of TG in sebocytes and preadipocytes. In addition, the action of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH2)D3] on TG production was the opposite between sebocytes and preadipocytes. Furthermore, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) augmented the TG level in sebocytes, whereas it did not alter TG production in preadipocytes. Moreover, insulin-augmented TG production in sebocytes was enhanced by IGF-1 and 5α-DHT, while diminished by 1,25(OH2)D3. In preadipocytes, the insulin-augmented production of TG was decreased by IGF-1, 1,25(OH2)D3, and 5α-DHT. These results suggest that sebocytic lipogenesis is partially similar to but substantially different from adipocyte lipogenesis due to the forementioned hormones and growth factors in the skin under physiological conditions. Insulin and IGF-1 augmented lipogenesis and perilipin production in hamster preadipocytes and sebocytes. The action of 1,25(OH2)D3 and 5a-DHT on lipogenesis differed between sebocytes and preadipocytes Insulin-augmented sebaceous lipogenesis was enhanced by IGF-1 and 5α-DHT, while diminished by 1,25(OH2)D3. In preadipocytes, the insulin-augmented lipogenesis was decreased by IGF-1, 1,25(OH2)D3, and 5α-DHT. Sebocytic lipogenesis is partially similar to but substantially different from adipocyte lipogenesis.
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Key Words
- 1,25(OH)2D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- 5α-DHT, 5α-dihydrotestosterone
- DMEM/F12, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's F12 medium
- Dex, dexamethasone
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- IBMX, 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine
- IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1
- Lipid-droplet formation
- Lipogenesis
- PG, prostaglandin
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferation-activating receptor
- Preadipocytes
- Sebocytes
- TG, triacylglycerol
- Triacyglycerol
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sato
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Fusatoshi Shibata
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Koiwai
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Noriko Akimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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78
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Ottaviani M, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Briganti S, Lora V, Capitanio B, Zouboulis C, Picardo M. Sebocyte differentiation as a new target for acne therapy: an
in vivo
experience. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:1803-1814. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - E. Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - A. Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - S. Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - V. Lora
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
- Pediatric Dermatology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - B. Capitanio
- Pediatric Dermatology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - C.C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Thedore Fontane Dessau Germany
| | - M. Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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79
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Clayton RW, Langan EA, Ansell DM, de Vos IJHM, Göbel K, Schneider MR, Picardo M, Lim X, van Steensel MAM, Paus R. Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:592-624. [PMID: 31970855 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system communicates with peripheral tissues through nerve fibres and the systemic release of hypothalamic and pituitary neurohormones. Communication between the nervous system and the largest human organ, skin, has traditionally received little attention. In particular, the neuro-regulation of sebaceous glands (SGs), a major skin appendage, is rarely considered. Yet, it is clear that the SG is under stringent pituitary control, and forms a fascinating, clinically relevant peripheral target organ in which to study the neuroendocrine and neural regulation of epithelia. Sebum, the major secretory product of the SG, is composed of a complex mixture of lipids resulting from the holocrine secretion of specialised epithelial cells (sebocytes). It is indicative of a role of the neuroendocrine system in SG function that excess circulating levels of growth hormone, thyroxine or prolactin result in increased sebum production (seborrhoea). Conversely, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency result in reduced sebum production and dry skin. Furthermore, the androgen sensitivity of SGs appears to be under neuroendocrine control, as hypophysectomy (removal of the pituitary) renders SGs largely insensitive to stimulation by testosterone, which is crucial for maintaining SG homeostasis. However, several neurohormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, can stimulate sebum production independently of either the testes or the adrenal glands, further underscoring the importance of neuroendocrine control in SG biology. Moreover, sebocytes synthesise several neurohormones and express their receptors, suggestive of the presence of neuro-autocrine mechanisms of sebocyte modulation. Aside from the neuroendocrine system, it is conceivable that secretion of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters from cutaneous nerve endings may also act on sebocytes or their progenitors, given that the skin is richly innervated. However, to date, the neural controls of SG development and function remain poorly investigated and incompletely understood. Botulinum toxin-mediated or facial paresis-associated reduction of human sebum secretion suggests that cutaneous nerve-derived substances modulate lipid and inflammatory cytokine synthesis by sebocytes, possibly implicating the nervous system in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, evidence suggests that cutaneous denervation in mice alters the expression of key regulators of SG homeostasis. In this review, we examine the current evidence regarding neuroendocrine and neurobiological regulation of human SG function in physiology and pathology. We further call attention to this line of research as an instructive model for probing and therapeutically manipulating the mechanistic links between the nervous system and mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Clayton
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ewan A Langan
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, Allergology und Venereology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - David M Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Ivo J H M de Vos
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Klaus Göbel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, The University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Dr. Phllip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB 2023A, Miami, FL, 33136, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Mendelstraße 17, Münster, 48149, Germany
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80
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27 TH Fondation René Touraine Annual SCIENTIFIC MEETING 2019: Skin Appendages - Developmental and Pathophysiological Aspects. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1353-1367. [PMID: 31854035 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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81
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Ramot Y, Bertolini M, Boboljova M, Uchida Y, Paus R. PPAR-γ signalling as a key mediator of human hair follicle physiology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 2019; 29:312-321. [PMID: 31769892 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are abundantly expressed in human skin, with PPAR-γ being the most intensively investigated isoform. In various ex vivo and in vivo models, PPAR-γ-mediated signalling has recently surfaced as an essential element of hair follicle (HF) development, growth and stem cell biology. Moreover, the availability of novel, topically applicable PPAR-γ modulators with a favourable toxicological profile has extended the range of potential applications in clinical dermatology. In this review, we synthesize where this field currently stands and sketch promising future research avenues, focussing on the role of PPAR-γ-mediated signalling in the biology and pathology of human scalp HFs, with special emphasis on scarring alopecias such as lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia as model human epithelial stem cell diseases. In particular, we discuss whether and how pharmacological modulation of PPAR-γ signalling may be employed for the management of hair growth disorders, for example, in scarring alopecia (by reducing HF inflammation as well as by promoting the survival and suppressing pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition of keratin 15 + epithelial stem cells in the bulge) and in hirsutism/hypertrichosis (by promoting catagen development). Moreover, we explore the potential role of PPAR-γ in androgenetic alopecia, HF energy metabolism and HF ageing, and consider clinical perspectives that emanate from the limited data available on this so far. As this field of translational human hair research is still in its infancy, many open questions exist, for which we briefly delineate selected experimental approaches that promise to generate instructive answers in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ramot
- Department of Dermatology, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Bertolini
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Maria Boboljova
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Yoshikazu Uchida
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory, Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Muenster, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
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82
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Hendricks AJ, Hsiao JL, Lowes MA, Shi VY. A Comparison of International Management Guidelines for Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Dermatology 2019; 237:81-96. [PMID: 31645040 DOI: 10.1159/000503605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis that imparts a significant burden on patients and presents a management challenge for healthcare providers. As attention to this debilitating condition has grown over recent years, our understanding of HS pathogenesis and optimal treatment approaches continues to evolve. Nine HS treatment guidelines developed by various expert organizations have been published, encompassing therapeutic modalities ranging from topical agents to systemic therapies to procedural interventions. These guidelines demonstrate significant overlap in treatment recommendations and have all been published within the last 5 years. Therefore, we aim to compare and synthesize the recommendations of international HS treatment guidelines and to encourage inter-organizational communication for the development of consensus or staggered publication of recommendations for HS management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer L Hsiao
- Division of Dermatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michelle A Lowes
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA,
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83
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van Steensel MAM. Acne in the 21st century. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:647-648. [PMID: 31576571 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A M van Steensel
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
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84
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Common J, Barker J, Steensel M. What does acne genetics teach us about disease pathogenesis? Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:665-676. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.E.A. Common
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
| | - J.N. Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London U.K
| | - M.A.M. Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Clinical Sciences Building Novena Singapore
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