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Liu Y, Liu D, Xu J, Jiang H, Pan F. Early adolescent stress-induced changes in prefrontal cortex miRNA-135a and hippocampal miRNA-16 in male rats. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:958-969. [PMID: 28944448 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress increases susceptibility to post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), in which the dysfunction of 5-hydroxytryptamine plays an important role. miRNA-135a in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and miRNA-16 in the hippocampus (HIP) are closely related to the 5-HT neurotransmitter system. Here, we investigated behavior, miRNA-135a in the PFC, miRNA-16 in the HIP, and 5-HT1AR expression in both brain regions in adolescent and adult rats that were exposed to inescapable stress during their adolescence. Paroxetine hydrochloride and corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist (CP-154,526) were used as intervening measures. Our study demonstrated that early adolescent stress induced anxiety-like behaviors and spatial memory damage, a reduction in miRNA-135a expression was associated with increased 5-HT1AR expression in PFC, and increased miRNA-16 expression in the HIP of stressed rats. Drug treatments alleviated behaviors and reversed the miRNA-135a, miRNA-16, and 5-HT1AR expression in stressed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dexiang Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Fang Pan
- Department of Medical Psychology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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52
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Pattwell SS, Bath KG. Emotional learning, stress, and development: An ever-changing landscape shaped by early-life experience. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 143:36-48. [PMID: 28458034 PMCID: PMC5540880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The capacity to learn to associate cues with negative outcomes is a highly adaptive process that appears to be conserved across species. However, when the cue is no longer a valid predictor of danger, but the emotional response persists, this can result in maladaptive behaviors, and in humans contribute to debilitating emotional disorders. Over the past several decades, work in neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, and biology have uncovered key processes underlying, and structures governing, emotional responding and learning, as well as identified disruptions in the structural and functional integrity of these brain regions in models of pathology. In this review, we highlight some of this elegant body of work as well as incorporate emerging findings from the field of developmental neurobiology to emphasize how development contributes to changes in the ability to learn and express emotional responses, and how early experiences, such as stress, shape the development and functioning of these circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan S Pattwell
- Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Kevin G Bath
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
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53
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Kim JH. Reducing Fear During Childhood to Prevent Anxiety Disorders Later: Insights From Developmental Psychobiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2372732217719544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are neurodevelopmental with the median age of onset 10 to 11 years, but developmental processes underlying fear and anxiety are rarely investigated. In the last decade, however, developmental rodent studies have increased our understanding of how to treat and prevent the persistence of anxiety. Behavioral findings from rodent studies match the observations in anxious children, and the neural and molecular findings help explain why anxiety disorders are indeed neurodevelopmental. Extinction processes that are involved in cognitive-behavioral therapy appear particularly effective in children compared with older populations. Policy should mandate school psychologists and government subsidies for therapy sessions to increase children’s mental-health-service utilization. Funding bodies also should challenge anxiety studies exclusively targeting adults to include younger people to investigate why anxiety disorders are developmental disorders and focus more on preventing their persistence later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Kim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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54
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Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences can deleteriously affect future physical and mental health, increasing risk for many illnesses, including psychiatric problems, sleep disorders, and, according to the present hypothesis, idiopathic nightmares. Much like post-traumatic nightmares, which are triggered by trauma and lead to recurrent emotional dreaming about the trauma, idiopathic nightmares are hypothesized to originate in early adverse experiences that lead in later life to the expression of early memories and emotions in dream content. Accordingly, the objectives of this paper are to (1) review existing literature on sleep, dreaming and nightmares in relation to early adverse experiences, drawing upon both empirical studies of dreaming and nightmares and books and chapters by recognized nightmare experts and (2) propose a new approach to explaining nightmares that is based upon the Stress Acceleration Hypothesis of mental illness. The latter stipulates that susceptibility to mental illness is increased by adversity occurring during a developmentally sensitive window for emotional maturation—the infantile amnesia period—that ends around age 3½. Early adversity accelerates the neural and behavioral maturation of emotional systems governing the expression, learning, and extinction of fear memories and may afford short-term adaptive value. But it also engenders long-term dysfunctional consequences including an increased risk for nightmares. Two mechanisms are proposed: (1) disruption of infantile amnesia allows normally forgotten early childhood memories to influence later emotions, cognitions and behavior, including the common expression of threats in nightmares; (2) alterations of normal emotion regulation processes of both waking and sleep lead to increased fear sensitivity and less effective fear extinction. These changes influence an affect network previously hypothesized to regulate fear extinction during REM sleep, disruption of which leads to nightmares. This network consists of a fear circuit that includes amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex and whose substantial overlap with the stress acceleration findings allows the latter to be incorporated into a wider, more developmentally coherent framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Nielsen
- Dream and Nightmare Laboratory, Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NÎM - Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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55
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Enduring Neural and Behavioral Effects of Early Life Adversity in Infancy: Consequences of Maternal Abuse and Neglect, Trauma and Fear. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-017-0112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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56
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Robayo-Castro B, Rico JL, Hurtado-Parrado C, Ortega LA. Impacto y calidad de la productividad académica de los investigadores en Colombia en neurociencia comportamental utilizando modelos animales. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy15-5.icpa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
La productividad científica colombiana es limitada considerando indicadores como el número de artículos publicados en revistas de alto impacto y el índice h. La ausencia de una línea de base y de metodologías de comparación de productividad dificulta trazar las expectativas de publicación provenientes de las instancias nacionales. El objetivo del presente estudio es el de evaluar de manera comparativa aspectos relacionados con el impacto y la calidad de la productividad académica de los investigadores en neurociencia comportamental utilizando modelos animales en Colombia. Se encontró que aunque los investigadores en Colombia publican de manera significativa (0.9 artículos por año), están rezagados en todos los aspectos de productividad con relación a investigadores internacionales. Se espera que la metodología propuesta pueda extenderse a la evaluación del impacto y calidad de la productividad en temáticas específicas de otras áreas de investigación.
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57
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Park CHJ, Ganella DE, Kim JH. A dissociation between renewal and contextual fear conditioning in juvenile rats. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:515-522. [PMID: 28383773 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether juvenile rats do not express renewal following extinction of conditioned fear due to their inability to form a long-term contextual fear memory. In experiment 1, postnatal day (P) 18 and 25 rats received 3 white-noise and footshock pairings, followed by 60 white-noise alone presentations the next day. When tested in a different context to extinction, P25 rats displayed renewal whereas P18 rats did not. Experiments 2A and 2B surprisingly showed that P18 and P25 rats do not show differences in contextual and cued fear, regardless of the conditioning-test intervals and the number of white-noise-footshock pairings received. Finally, we observed age differences in contextual fear when P25 rats were weaned at P21 in experiment 3. These results indicate that the developmental dissociation observed in renewal of extinguished fear is not related to the widely believed late emergence of contextual fear learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hui J Park
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Despina E Ganella
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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58
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Postnatal development of neurotransmitter systems and their relevance to extinction of conditioned fear. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 138:252-270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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59
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Speight A, Davey WG, McKenna E, Voigt JW. Exposure to a maternal cafeteria diet changes open‐field behaviour in the developing offspring. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 57:34-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Speight
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
| | - William G. Davey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
| | - Emily McKenna
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
| | - Jörg‐Peter W. Voigt
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughboroughLE12 5RDUK
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60
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Gomes FMM, Paniago CK, Freire DO, Souza ACB, Lima MR, Oliveira-Júnior NG, Franco OL, Mortari MR. Anxiolytic-like effect of a novel peptide isolated from the venom of the social wasp Synoeca surinama. Toxicon 2016; 122:39-42. [PMID: 27664832 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pathological anxiety is among the most common psychiatric illnesses, but current treatment is highly limited. In this study, we investigated the potential anxiolytic-like effects of a peptide isolated from Synoeca surinama venom. Rats treated with this peptide spent more time exploring the open arms of elevated plus maze, which indicates an anxiolytic-like profile for this peptide. This study is the first to show the pharmacological use of S. surinama venom in the treatment of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia M M Gomes
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Cássia K Paniago
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Daniel O Freire
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Adolfo C B Souza
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Marcos R Lima
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Department of Animal and Plant Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
| | - Nelson G Oliveira-Júnior
- S-Inova Biotech, Post-Graduation on Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil; Center for Biochemical and Proteomics Analyses, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Octavio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Post-Graduation on Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande, Brazil; Center for Biochemical and Proteomics Analyses, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Márcia R Mortari
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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61
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Jordan CJ, Andersen SL. Sensitive periods of substance abuse: Early risk for the transition to dependence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 25:29-44. [PMID: 27840157 PMCID: PMC5410194 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early substance use dramatically increases the risk of substance use disorder (SUD). Although many try drugs, only a small percentage transition to SUD. High reactivity of reward, habit, and stress systems increase risk. Identification of early risk enables targeted, preventative interventions for SUD. Prevention must start before the sensitive adolescent period to maximize resilience.
Early adolescent substance use dramatically increases the risk of lifelong substance use disorder (SUD). An adolescent sensitive period evolved to allow the development of risk-taking traits that aid in survival; today these may manifest as a vulnerability to drugs of abuse. Early substance use interferes with ongoing neurodevelopment to induce neurobiological changes that further augment SUD risk. Although many individuals use drugs recreationally, only a small percentage transition to SUD. Current theories on the etiology of addiction can lend insights into the risk factors that increase vulnerability from early recreational use to addiction. Building on the work of others, we suggest individual risk for SUD emerges from an immature PFC combined with hyper-reactivity of reward salience, habit, and stress systems. Early identification of risk factors is critical to reducing the occurrence of SUD. We suggest preventative interventions for SUD that can be either tailored to individual risk profiles and/or implemented broadly, prior to the sensitive adolescent period, to maximize resilience to developing substance dependence. Recommendations for future research include a focus on the juvenile and adolescent periods as well as on sex differences to better understand early risk and identify the most efficacious preventions for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Jordan
- Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
| | - Susan L Andersen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
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62
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Mild daily stressors in adulthood may counteract behavioural effects after constant presence of mother during early life. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:313-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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63
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de Oliveira CC, Gouveia FV, de Castro MC, Kuroki MA, Dos Santos LCT, Fonoff ET, Teixeira MJ, Otoch JP, Martinez RCR. A Window on the Study of Aversive Instrumental Learning: Strains, Performance, Neuroendocrine, and Immunologic Systems. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:162. [PMID: 27605910 PMCID: PMC4995215 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The avoidance response is present in pathological anxiety and interferes with normal daily functions. The aim of this article is to shed light on performance markers of active avoidance (AA) using two different rat strains, Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar. Specifically, good and poor performers were evaluated regarding anxiety traits exhibited in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and corticosterone levels and motor activity in the open field test. In addition, the plasma levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1beta), Nerve Growth Factor Beta (NGF-beta), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1) were compared in the good and poor performers to better understand the role of the immunologic system in aversive learning. Behavioral criteria were employed to identify subpopulations of SD and Wistar rats based on their behavioral scores during a two-way AA test. The animals were tested for anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and motor activity in the open-field test. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured at the end of the avoidance test. Cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, NGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CINC-1 were measured in the plasma of the Wistar rats. Sixty-six percent of the Wistar rats and 35% of the SD rats exhibited a poor performance. This feature was associated with a decrease in anxiety-like behavior in the EPM. The poor and good performers exhibited lower levels of corticosterone compared with the control animals, which suggests that training alters corticosterone levels, thereby leading to hypocortisolism, independent of the performance. The CINC-1 levels were increased in the poor performers, which reinforces the role of immunologic system activation in learning deficits. Our study provides a better understanding of the complex interactions that underlie neuroimmune consequences and their implications for performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia V Gouveia
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina C de Castro
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Kuroki
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lennon C T Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Hospital Sirio-Libanes Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erich T Fonoff
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel J Teixeira
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José P Otoch
- Department of Surgery Techniques, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel C R Martinez
- Division of Functional Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo, Brazil
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64
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Hack LM, Dick AL, Provençal N. Epigenetic mechanisms involved in the effects of stress exposure: focus on 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw016. [PMID: 29492296 PMCID: PMC5804530 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a recently re-discovered transient intermediate in the active demethylation pathway that also appears to play an independent role in modulating gene function. Epigenetic marks, particularly 5-methylcytosine, have been widely studied in relation to stress-related disorders given the long-lasting effect that stress has on these marks. 5hmC is a good candidate for involvement in the etiology of these disorders given its elevated concentration in mammalian neurons, its dynamic regulation during development of the central nervous system, and its high variability among individuals. Although we are unaware of any studies published to date examining 5 hmC profiles in human subjects who have developed a psychiatric disorder after a life stressor, there is emerging evidence from the animal literature that 5hmC profiles are altered in the context of fear-conditioning paradigms and stress exposure, suggesting a possible role for 5hmC in the biological underpinnings of stress-related disorders. In this review, the authors examine the available approaches for profiling 5hmC and describe their advantages and disadvantages as well as discuss the studies published thus far investigating 5hmC in the context of fear-related learning and stress exposure in animals. The authors also highlight the global versus locus-specific regulation of 5hmC in these studies. Finally, the limitations of the current studies and their implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Hack
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University Medical School, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alec L.W. Dick
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Provençal
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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65
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Zbukvic IC, Ganella DE, Perry CJ, Madsen HB, Bye CR, Lawrence AJ, Kim JH. Role of Dopamine 2 Receptor in Impaired Drug-Cue Extinction in Adolescent Rats. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:2895-904. [PMID: 26946126 PMCID: PMC4869820 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent drug users display resistance to treatment such as cue exposure therapy (CET), as well as increased liability to relapse. The basis of CET is extinction learning, which involves dopamine signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). This system undergoes dramatic alterations during adolescence. Therefore, we investigated extinction of a cocaine-associated cue in adolescent and adult rats. While cocaine self-administration and lever-alone extinction were not different between the two ages, we observed that cue extinction reduced cue-induced reinstatement in adult but not adolescent rats. Infusion of the selective dopamine 2 receptor (D2R)-like agonist quinpirole into the infralimbic cortex (IL) of the mPFC prior to cue extinction significantly reduced cue-induced reinstatement in adolescents. This effect was replicated by acute systemic treatment with the atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole (Abilify), a partial D2R-like agonist. These data suggest that adolescents may be more susceptible to relapse due to a deficit in cue extinction learning, and highlight the significance of D2R signaling in the IL for cue extinction during adolescence. These findings inspire new tactics for improving adolescent CET, with aripiprazole representing an exciting potential pharmacological adjunct for behavioral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C. Zbukvic
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Despina E. Ganella
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christina J. Perry
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Heather B. Madsen
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher R. Bye
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lawrence
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3051, Australia
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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66
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Ontogeny of memory: An update on 40 years of work on infantile amnesia. Behav Brain Res 2016; 298:4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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67
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The impact of early postnatal environmental enrichment on maternal care and offspring behaviour following weaning. Behav Processes 2015; 122:51-8. [PMID: 26562657 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The early postnatal period is a sensitive period in rodents as behavioural systems are developing and maturing during this time. However, relatively little information is available about the impact of environmental enrichment on offspring behaviour if enrichment is implemented only during this period. Here, environmental enrichment was provided from postnatal day 1 until weaning. On post-natal day 9, maternal behaviour and nonmaternal behaviour of the dam was observed. Nursing time in the enriched group was reduced but dams showed more non-maternal appetitive behaviours. Offspring were exposed to either the open field or the elevated plus maze (EPM) after weaning. In the open field, rats from the enriched group approached the more aversive inner zone of the open field later than control rats. Offspring from the enriched group made fewer entries into the inner zone and spent less time in this part of the arena. Enrichment had no impact on behaviour in the EPM. The present study provides evidence that postnatal enrichment can interfere with maternal behaviour in rats and can possibly lead to increased anxiety in the offspring. The findings suggest that enrichment procedures can have potentially unintended effects, interfering with the development of emotional behaviours in rats.
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68
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Kim JH. Youth is not wasted on the young: Commentary on a BBR themed issue on developmental regulation of memory in anxiety and addiction. Behav Brain Res 2015; 298:1-3. [PMID: 26546879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Kim
- Behavioural Neuroscience Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Cuevas K, Learmonth AE, Rovee-Collier C. A dissociation between recognition and reactivation: The renewal effect at 3 months of age. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 58:159-75. [PMID: 26394803 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extinction allows organisms to adapt to an ever-changing environment. Despite its theoretical and applied significance, extinction has never been systematically studied with human infants. Using the operant mobile task, we examined whether 3-month-olds would exhibit evidence of original learning following extinction. In a recognition paradigm, infants exhibited renewal when tested in the acquisition context (ABA renewal) or a neutral context (ABC and AAB renewal) 1 day following extinction (Experiment 1a) and spontaneous recovery 3 days following extinction (Experiment 1b). In Experiments 2a-2b, we used a reminder paradigm to examine whether the extinguished response could be reinstated after the operant response had been forgotten. We failed, however, to find reinstatement of extinguished responding after spontaneous forgetting, regardless of the reminder and test contexts. We attributed this retention failure to competing responses at test. Although extinguished responding is recovered during infancy, this effect is elusive after the response has been forgotten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Cuevas
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 99 East Main St., Waterbury, CT, 06702.
| | - Amy E Learmonth
- Department of Psychology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, NJ, 07470
| | - Carolyn Rovee-Collier
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854
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70
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Lawrence AJ, Cryan JF. Found in translation? Commentary on a BJP themed issue about animal models in neuropsychiatry research. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:4521-3. [PMID: 25257223 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This themed issue of Br J Pharmacol is dedicated to the utility and needs of animal models in psychiatry research. The following articles document strengths and weaknesses, indicate areas where better models are sorely needed and provide examples where pharmacological studies may result in mechanistic breakthrough and aid in drug development. In addition, complicating factors both in disease and treatment strategies are canvassed, such as sex differences, genetic and environmental influences. While not exhaustive, the intention was to use a number of exemplars to stimulate discussion around how animal models can aid in improving our understanding and treatment of many devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lawrence
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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71
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Formyl peptide receptor as a novel therapeutic target for anxiety-related disorders. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114626. [PMID: 25517119 PMCID: PMC4269406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPR) belong to a family of sensors of the immune system that detect microbe-associated molecules and inform various cellular and sensorial mechanisms to the presence of pathogens in the host. Here we demonstrate that Fpr2/3-deficient mice show a distinct profile of behaviour characterised by reduced anxiety in the marble burying and light-dark box paradigms, increased exploratory behaviour in an open-field, together with superior performance on a novel object recognition test. Pharmacological blockade with a formyl peptide receptor antagonist, Boc2, in wild type mice reproduced most of the behavioural changes observed in the Fpr2/3-/- mice, including a significant improvement in novel object discrimination and reduced anxiety in a light/dark shuttle test. These effects were associated with reduced FPR signalling in the gut as shown by the significant reduction in the levels of p-p38. Collectively, these findings suggest that homeostatic FPR signalling exerts a modulatory effect on anxiety-like behaviours. These findings thus suggest that therapies targeting FPRs may be a novel approach to ameliorate behavioural abnormalities present in neuropsychiatric disorders at the cognitive-emotional interface.
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72
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Fiedler A, Grecksch G, Reinhold A, Schraven B, Becker A. Hippocampus-dependent learning in SKAP-HOM deficient mice. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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