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Faessel H, Nemunaitis J, Bauer TM, Lockhart AC, Faller DV, Sedarati F, Zhou X, Venkatakrishnan K, Harvey RD. Effect of CYP3A inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of pevonedistat in patients with advanced solid tumours. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1464-1473. [PMID: 30845347 PMCID: PMC6595297 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This phase I study evaluated the effects of the moderate cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitor fluconazole and the strong CYP3A/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics of the investigational neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 8 (NEDD8)-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat in patients with advanced solid tumours. METHODS Patients received single doses of intravenous pevonedistat 8 mg m-2 , alone and with fluconazole (loading: 400 mg; maintenance: 200 mg once daily), or pevonedistat 8, 15 or 20 mg m-2 , alone and with itraconazole 200 mg once daily. Serial blood samples for pevonedistat pharmacokinetics were obtained pre- and post-infusion on days 1 (alone) and 8 (with fluconazole/itraconazole). After completing the pharmacokinetic portion, patients remaining on study received pevonedistat with docetaxel or carboplatin and paclitaxel. RESULTS The ratios of geometric mean area under the concentration-time curves (n; 90% confidence interval) of pevonedistat in the presence vs. absence of fluconazole or itraconazole were 1.11 (12; 1.03-1.19) and 1.14 (33; 1.07-1.23), respectively. Fifty patients (98%) experienced at least one adverse event (AE), with maximum severity of grade 1-2 in 28 patients (55%) and of grade ≥3 in 22 patients (43%). The most common drug-related AEs were vomiting (12%), diarrhoea (10%) and nausea (8%). No new safety findings were observed for pevonedistat. CONCLUSIONS Fluconazole or itraconazole had insignificant effects on pevonedistat pharmacokinetics, indicating minor contributions of CYP3A/P-gp to pevonedistat clearance. The safety profile of single doses of pevonedistat plus steady-state fluconazole or itraconazole was consistent with prior clinical experience, with no new safety signals observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Faessel
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CambridgeMAUSA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | | | - Todd M. Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee OncologyPLLCNashvilleTNUSA
| | - A. Craig Lockhart
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CambridgeMAUSA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Farhad Sedarati
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CambridgeMAUSA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Xiaofei Zhou
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CambridgeMAUSA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
| | - Karthik Venkatakrishnan
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.CambridgeMAUSA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited
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Zhao Q, Zhang T, Xiao X, Huang J, Wang Y, Gonzalez FJ, Li F. Impaired clearance of sunitinib leads to metabolic disorders and hepatotoxicity. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2162-2178. [PMID: 30875096 PMCID: PMC6555861 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sunitinib is a small-molecule TK inhibitor associated with hepatotoxicity. The mechanisms of its toxicity are still unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the present study, mice were treated with 60, 150, and 450 mg·kg-1 sunitinib to evaluate sunitinib hepatotoxicity. Sunitinib metabolites and endogenous metabolites in liver, serum, faeces, and urine were analysed using ultra-performance LC electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight MS-based metabolomics. KEY RESULTS Four reactive metabolites and impaired clearance of sunitinib in liver played a dominant role in sunitinib-induced hepatotoxicity. Using a non-targeted metabolomics approach, various metabolic pathways, including mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (β-FAO), bile acids, lipids, amino acids, nucleotides, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, were disrupted after sunitinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These studies identified significant alterations in mitochondrial β-FAO and bile acid homeostasis. Activation of PPARα and inhibition of xenobiotic metabolism may be of value in attenuating sunitinib hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xue‐Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Jian‐Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of PathologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMD
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
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Cai H, Everett RS, Thakker DR. Efficacious dose of metformin for breast cancer therapy is determined by cation transporter expression in tumours. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2724-2735. [PMID: 31032880 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been extensively reported that the leading anti-diabetic drug, metformin, exerts significant anticancer effects. This hydrophilic, cationic drug requires cation transporters for cellular entry where it activates its intracellular target, the AMPK signalling pathway. However, clinical results on metformin therapy (used at antidiabetic doses) for breast cancer are ambiguous. It is likely that the antidiabetic dose is inadequate in patients that have breast tumours with low cation transporter expression, resulting in non-responsiveness to the drug. We postulate that cation transporter expression and metformin dose are key determinants in its antitumour efficacy in breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Antitumour efficacy of metformin was compared between low cation transporter-expressing MCF-7 breast tumours and MCF-7 tumours overexpressing organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3-MCF7). A dose-response relationship of metformin in combination with standard-of-care paclitaxel (for oestrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast tumours) or carboplatin (for triple-negative MDA-MB-468 breast tumours) was investigated in xenograft mice. KEY RESULTS Metformin had greater efficacy against tumours with higher cation transporter expression, as observed in OCT3-MCF7 versus MCF-7 tumours and MDA-MB-468 versus MCF-7 tumours. In MCF-7 tumours, a threefold higher metformin dose was required to achieve intratumoural exposure that was comparable to exposure in MDA-MB-468 tumours and enhance antitumour efficacy of standard-of-care in MCF-7 tumours versus MDA-MB-468 tumours. Antitumour efficacy correlated with intratumoural AMPK activation and metformin concentration. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS An efficacious metformin dose for breast cancer varies among tumour subtypes based on cation transporter expression, which provides a useful guide for dose selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cai
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ruth S Everett
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Dhiren R Thakker
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Saito M, Kaibara A, Kadokura T, Toyoshima J, Yoshida S, Kazuta K, Ueyama E. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling for renal function dependent urinary glucose excretion effect of ipragliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, both in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1808-1819. [PMID: 31026084 PMCID: PMC6624389 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To provide a model-based prediction of individual urinary glucose excretion (UGE) effect of ipragliflozin, we constructed a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model and a population PK model using pooled data of clinical studies. METHODS A PK/PD model for the change from baseline in UGE for 24 hours (ΔUGE24h ) with area under the concentration-time curve from time of dosing to 24 h after administration (AUC24h ) of ipragliflozin was described by a maximum effect model. A population PK model was also constructed using rich PK sampling data obtained from 2 clinical pharmacology studies and sparse data from 4 late-phase studies by the NONMEM $PRIOR subroutine. Finally, we simulated how the PK/PD of ipragliflozin changes in response to dose regime as well as patients' renal function using the developed model. RESULTS The estimated individual maximum effect were dependent on fasting plasma glucose and renal function, except in patients who had significant UGE before treatment. The PK of ipragliflozin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients was accurately described by a 2-compartment model with first order absorption. The population mean oral clearance was 9.47 L/h and was increased in patients with higher glomerular filtration rates and body surface area. Simulation suggested that medians (95% prediction intervals) of AUC24h and ΔUGE24h were 5417 (3229-8775) ng·h/mL and 85 (51-145) g, respectively. The simulation also suggested a 1.17-fold increase in AUC24h of ipragliflozin and a 0.76-fold in ΔUGE24h in T2DM patients with moderate renal impairment compared to those with normal renal function. CONCLUSIONS The developed models described the clinical data well, and the simulation suggested mechanism-based weaker antidiabetic effect in T2DM patients with renal impairment.
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Sundelin EIO, Gormsen LC, Heebøll S, Vendelbo MH, Jakobsen S, Munk OL, Feddersen S, Brøsen K, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Pedersen SB, Grønbaek H, Jessen N. Hepatic exposure of metformin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1761-1770. [PMID: 30973968 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Metformin is first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduces cardiovascular events in patients with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Target tissue for metformin action is thought to be the liver, where metformin distribution depends on facilitated transport by polyspecific transmembrane organic cation transporters (OCTs). Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in the western world with strong associations to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, but whether NAFLD affects metformin biodistribution to the liver is not known. In this study, the primary aim was to investigate in vivo hepatic uptake of metformin dynamically in humans with variable degrees of liver affection. As a secondary aim, we wished to correlate hepatic metformin distribution with OCT gene transcription determined in diagnostic liver biopsies. METHODS Eighteen patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD were investigated using 11C-metformin PET/CT technique. Gene transcripts of OCTs were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We observed similar hepatic volume of distribution of metformin between patients with simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (Vd 2.38 ± 0.56 vs. 2.10 ± 0.39, P = 0.3). There was no association between hepatic exposure to metformin and the degree of inflammation or fibrosis, and no clear correlation between metformin distribution and OCT gene transcription. CONCLUSION Metformin is distributed to the liver in patients with NAFLD and the distribution is not impaired by inflammation or fibrosis. The findings imply that metformin action in liver in patients with NAFLD may be preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Heebøll
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Ole Lajord Munk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Søren Feddersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kim Brøsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Hu HJ, Wang SS, Wang YX, Liu Y, Feng XM, Shen Y, Zhu L, Chen HZ, Song M. Blockade of the forward Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger suppresses the growth of glioblastoma cells through Ca 2+ -mediated cell death. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2691-2707. [PMID: 31034096 PMCID: PMC6609550 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) working in either forward or reverse mode participates in maintaining intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis, which is essential for determining cell fate. Previously, numerous blockers targeting reverse or forward NCX have been developed and studied in ischaemic tissue injury but barely examined in glioblastoma for the purpose of anti‐tumour therapy. We assessed the effect of NCX blockers on glioblastoma growth and whether NCX can become a therapeutic target. Experimental Approach Patch‐clamp recording, Ca2+ imaging, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used to study the effects of specific and non‐specific NCX blockers on cultured glioblastoma cells. In vivo bioluminescent imaging was used to measure effects on grafted glioblastoma. Key Results Selectively blocking the reverse NCX with SEA0400, SN‐6, and YM‐244769 did not affect tumour cell viability. Blocking the forward NCX with bepridil, CB‐DMB, or KB‐R7943 elevated [Ca2+]i and killed glioblastoma cells. Bepridil and CB‐DMB caused Ca2+‐dependent cell cycle arrest together with apoptosis, which were all attenuated by a Ca2+ chelator BAPTA‐AM. Systemic administration of bepridil inhibited growth of brain‐grafted glioblastoma. Bepridil did not appear to have a cytotoxic effect on human astrocytes, which have higher functional expression of NCX than glioblastoma cells. Conclusions and Implications Low expression of the NCX makes glioblastoma cells sensitive to disturbance of [Ca2+]i. Interventions designed to block the forward NCX can cause Ca2+‐mediated injury to glioblastoma thus having therapeutic potential. Bepridil could be a lead compound for developing new anti‐tumour drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jie Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Xia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Mei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingke Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang T, Gillies M, Wang Y, Shen W, Bahrami B, Zeng S, Zhu M, Yao W, Zhou F, Murray M, Wang K, Zhu L. Simvastatin protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress induced by all-trans-retinal, through the up-regulation of interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2063-2078. [PMID: 30825184 PMCID: PMC6534793 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Simvastatin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase inhibitor with multiple targets and effects. It protects neurons in the brain, but its protective effects on photoreceptors are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of simvastatin on photoreceptors exposed to stress induced by all-trans-retinal (atRAL). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH AlamarBlue and LDH assays were used to evaluate the viability and metabolic activity of Y79 cells (a retinoblastoma cell line) exposed to atRAL-induced stress with or without simvastatin pretreatment. Changes in cellular ROS were evaluated using flow cytometry and mitochondrial stress markers JC-1 and HSP60. Changes in levels of two photoreceptor-specific markers, cone-rod homeobox protein (CRX) and interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP), were evaluated with western blot. The results were validated in ex vivo human retinal explants and a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. KEY RESULTS Simvastatin improved mitochondrial function, alleviated oxidative stress and up-regulated the photoreceptor-specific markers IRBP and its upstream regulator CRX in Y79 cells and ex vivo human retinal explants under atRAL-induced stress. Simvastatin attenuated photoreceptor degeneration in association with up-regulation of IRBP and CRX expression after knockdown of IRBP in a murine model. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that simvastatin has a novel role in protecting photoreceptors from atRAL-induced stress. Simvastatin treatment resulted in up-regulation of IRBP and its upstream transcription factor CRX in Y79 cells, ex vivo human retinal explants, and murine retinas in vivo. Further studies of simvastatin to treat photoreceptor degeneration are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mark Gillies
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ying Wang
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Weiyong Shen
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bobak Bahrami
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shaoxue Zeng
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Meidong Zhu
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- New South Wales Organ and Tissue Donation ServiceNew South Wales Tissue Bank, Sydney Eye HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Wenjuan Yao
- School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of PharmacologyNantong University Medical CollegeNantongJiangsuChina
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- School of PharmacyThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear MedicineJiangsu Institute of Nuclear MedicineWuxiJiangsuChina
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight InstituteThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Carnagarin R, Matthews V, Zaldivia MTK, Peter K, Schlaich MP. The bidirectional interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1839-1852. [PMID: 30129037 PMCID: PMC6534787 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, evidence has accumulated to suggest that hypertension is, at least in part, an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder. Many links between immunity and hypertension have been established and provide a complex framework of mechanistic interactions contributing to the rise in BP. These include immune-mediated inflammatory processes affecting regulatory brain nuclei and interactions with other mediators of cardiovascular regulation such as the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathoexcitation differentially regulates T-cells based upon activation status of the immune cell as well as the resident organ. Exogenous and endogenous triggers activate signalling pathways in innate and adaptive immune cells resulting in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and activation of T-lymphocytes in the cardiovascular and renal regions, now considered major factors in the development of essential hypertension. The inflammatory cascade is sustained and exacerbated by the immune flow via the brain-bone marrow-spleen-gastrointestinal axis and thereby further aggravating immune-mediated pathways resulting in a vicious cycle of established hypertension and target organ damage. This review summarizes the evidence and recent advances in linking immune-mediated inflammation, sympathetic activation and their bidirectional interactions with the development of hypertension. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital UnitThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Vance Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital UnitThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Maria T K Zaldivia
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular BiologyBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVicAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash University, Royal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular BiologyBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVicAustralia
- Department of MedicineMonash University, Royal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine – Royal Perth Hospital UnitThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of CardiologyRoyal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
- Department of NephrologyRoyal Perth HospitalPerthWAAustralia
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Durham T, Zander D, Stomeo N, Minnion M, Hogarth G, Feelisch M, Singer M, Dyson A. Chemistry, pharmacology, and cellular uptake mechanisms of thiometallate sulfide donors. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 177:745-756. [PMID: 30924528 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A clinical need exists for targeted, safe, and effective sulfide donors. We recently reported that ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM) belongs to a new class of sulfide-releasing drugs. Here, we investigated the cellular uptake mechanisms of this drug class compared to sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and the effects of a thiometallate tungsten congener of ATTM, ammonium tetrathiotungstate (ATTT). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In vitro H2 S release was determined by headspace gas sampling of vials containing dissolved thiometallates. Thiometallate and NaHS bioactivity was assessed by spectrophotometry-derived sulfhaemoglobin formation. Cellular uptake dependence on the anion exchange protein (AE)-1 was investigated in human red blood cells. ATTM/glutathione interactions were assessed by LC-MS/MS. Rodent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies focused on haemodynamics and inhibition of aerobic respiration. KEY RESULTS ATTM and ATTT both exhibit temperature-, pH-, and thiol-dependence of sulfide release. ATTM/glutathione interactions revealed the generation of inorganic and organic persulfides and polysulfides. ATTM showed greater ex vivo and in vivo bioactivity over ATTT, notwithstanding similar pharmacokinetic profiles. Cellular uptake mechanisms of the two drug classes are distinct; thiometallates show dependence on AE-1, while hydrosulfide itself was unaffected by inhibition of this pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The cellular uptake of thiometallates relies upon a plasma membrane ion channel. This advances our pharmacological knowledge of this drug class, and further supports their utility as cell-targeted sulfide donor therapies. Our results indicate that, as a more stable form, ATTT is better suited as a copper chelator. ATTM, a superior sulfide donor, may additionally participate in intracellular redox recycling. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Hydrogen Sulfide in Biology & Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Durham
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Zander
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niccolò Stomeo
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graeme Hogarth
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Dyson
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Honarpisheh P, McCullough LD. Sex as a biological variable in the pathology and pharmacology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4173-4192. [PMID: 30950038 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dementia, most commonly caused by cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, continues to grow as our population ages. Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are responsible for more than 80% of all cases of dementia. There are few effective, long-term treatments for AD and VCI-related conditions (e.g., stroke and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)). This review focuses on AD (as the most common "neurodegenerative" cause of dementia), CAA (as an "emerging" cause of dementia), and stroke (as the most common cause of "vascular" dementia). We will discuss the available literature on the pharmacological therapies that demonstrate sex differences, which refer to any combination of structural, chromosomal, gonadal, or hormonal differences between males and females. We will emphasize the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in the design of preclinical and clinical studies that investigate underlying pathologies or response to pharmacological interventions in dementia. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
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Kickinger S, Hellsberg E, Frølund B, Schousboe A, Ecker GF, Wellendorph P. Structural and molecular aspects of betaine-GABA transporter 1 (BGT1) and its relation to brain function. Neuropharmacology 2019; 161:107644. [PMID: 31108110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ɣ-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) functions as the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Imbalances in GABAergic neurotransmission are involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and stroke. GABA transporters (GATs) facilitate the termination of GABAergic signaling by transporting GABA together with sodium and chloride from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons and surrounding glial cells. Four different GATs have been identified that all belong to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) transporter family: GAT1-3 (SLC6A1, SLC6A13, SLC6A11) and betaine/GABA transporter 1 (BGT1, SLC6A12). BGT1 has emerged as an interesting target for treating epilepsy due to animal studies that reported anticonvulsant effects for the GAT1/BGT1 selective inhibitor EF1502 and the BGT1 selective inhibitor RPC-425. However, the precise involvement of BGT1 in epilepsy remains elusive because of its controversial expression levels in the brain and the lack of highly selective and potent tool compounds. This review gathers the current structural and functional knowledge on BGT1 with emphasis on brain relevance, discusses all available compounds, and tries to shed light on the molecular determinants driving BGT1 selectivity. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kickinger
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Hellsberg
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bente Frølund
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Amantadine Combines Astroglial System Xc - Activation with Glutamate/NMDA Receptor Inhibition. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050191. [PMID: 31108896 PMCID: PMC6572554 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A glutamate/NMDA receptor (NMDA-R) antagonist, amantadine (AMA) exhibits a broad spectrum of clinically important properties, including antiviral, antiparkinsonian, neuroprotective, neuro-reparative and cognitive-enhancing effects. However, both clinical and pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that noncompetitive NMDA-R antagonists induce severe schizophrenia-like cognitive deficits. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the clinical discrepancy between AMA and noncompetitive NMDA-R antagonists by comparing the effects of AMA with those of a noncompetitive NMDA-R antagonist, MK801, on rat tripartite glutamatergic synaptic transmission using microdialysis and primary cultured astrocytes. Microdialysis study demonstrated that the stimulatory effects of AMA on L-glutamate release differed from those of MK801 in the globus pallidus, entorhinal cortex and entopeduncular nucleus. The stimulatory effect of AMA on L-glutamate release was modulated by activation of cystine/glutamate antiporter (Sxc). Primary cultured astrocytes study demonstrated that AMA also enhanced glutathione synthesis via Sxc activation. Furthermore, carbon-monoxide induced damage of the astroglial glutathione synthesis system was repaired by AMA but not MK801. Additionally, glutamate/AMPA receptor (AMPA-R) antagonist, perampanel enhanced the protective effects of AMA. The findings of microdialysis and cultured astrocyte studies suggest that a combination of Sxc activation with inhibitions of ionotropic glutamate receptors contributes to neuroprotective, neuro-reparative and cognitive-enhancing activities that can mitigate several neuropsychiatric disorders.
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63
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Brings A, Lehmann ML, Foerster KI, Burhenne J, Weiss J, Haefeli WE, Czock D. Perpetrator effects of ciclosporin (P-glycoprotein inhibitor) and its combination with fluconazole (CYP3A inhibitor) on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1528-1537. [PMID: 30912163 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rivaroxaban exposure is considerably increased by drugs that are combined P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the potent P-gp inhibitor ciclosporin and its combination with the moderate CYP3A inhibitor fluconazole on rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and on CYP3A activity. METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers received 20 mg rivaroxaban orally alone, in combination with ciclosporin (dose-individualized oral regimen), and in combination with ciclosporin and fluconazole (400 mg day-1 orally). CYP3A4 activity was estimated using a midazolam microdose. Pharmacokinetics was analysed using noncompartmental and compartmental methods. RESULTS Compared to baseline, ciclosporin increased rivaroxaban average exposure by 47% (90% confidence interval 28-68%), maximum concentration by 104% (70-146%), and decreased CYP3A4 activity by 34% (25-42%). Ciclosporin combined with fluconazole increased rivaroxaban average exposure by 86% (58-119%) and maximum concentration by 115% (83-153%), which was considerably stronger than observed in historical controls receiving rivaroxaban with fluconazole alone, and decreased CYP3A4 activity by 79% (76-82%). CONCLUSION Patients treated with rivaroxaban in combination with single modulators of multiple elimination pathways or multiple modulators of single elimination pathways (CYP3A, P-gp) require particular care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Brings
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Louise Lehmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin I Foerster
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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64
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Garcia‐Arencibia M, Molina-Holgado E, Molina‐Holgado F. Effect of endocannabinoid signalling on cell fate: life, death, differentiation and proliferation of brain cells. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1361-1369. [PMID: 29797438 PMCID: PMC6487559 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell fate events are regulated by different endogenous developmental factors such as the cell micro-environment, external or remote signals and epigenetic factors. Among the many regulatory factors, endocannabinoid-associated signalling pathways are known to conduct several of these events in the developing nervous system and in the adult brain. Interestingly, endocannabinoids exert modulatory actions in both physiological and pathological conditions. Endocannabinoid signalling can promote cell survival by acting on non-transformed brain cells (neurons, astrocytes or oligodendrocytes) and can have either a protumoural or antitumoural effect on transformed cells. Moreover, endocannabinoids are able to attenuate the detrimental effects on neurogenesis and neuroinflammation associated with ageing. Thus, the endocannabinoid system emerges as an important regulator of cell fate, controlling cell survival/cell death decisions depending on the cell type and its environment. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Garcia‐Arencibia
- Departamento Sanitario IES TerorConsejería de Educación y Universidades del Gobierno de CanariasLas PalmasSpain
| | - Eduardo Molina-Holgado
- Laboratorio de NeuroinflamaciónUnidad de Investigación, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos‐SESCAMToledo45071Spain
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Hinz B, Ramer R. Anti-tumour actions of cannabinoids. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1384-1394. [PMID: 30019449 PMCID: PMC6487602 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has emerged as an important target for the treatment of many diverse diseases. In addition to the well-established palliative effects of cannabinoids in cancer therapy, phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoid compounds and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have attracted attention as possible systemic anticancer drugs. Results emerging from preclinical studies suggest cannabinoids elicit effects at different levels of cancer progression, including inhibition of proliferation, neovascularization, invasion and chemoresistance, induction of apoptosis and autophagy as well as enhancement of tumour immune surveillance. Although the clinical use of cannabinoid receptor ligands is limited by their psychoactivity, non-psychoactive compounds, such as cannabidiol, have gained attention due to preclinically established anticancer properties and a favourable risk-to-benefit profile. Thus, cannabinoids may complement the currently used collection of chemotherapeutic agents, as a broadly diversified option for cancer treatment, while counteracting some of their severe side effects. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Robert Ramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
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66
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Arioglu-Inan E, Kayki-Mutlu G, Michel MC. Cardiac β 3 -adrenoceptors-A role in human pathophysiology? Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2482-2495. [PMID: 30801686 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As β3 -adrenoceptors were first demonstrated to be expressed in adipose tissue they have received much attention for their metabolic effects in obesity and diabetes. After the existence of this subtype had been suggested to be present in the heart, studies focused on its role in cardiac function. While the presence and functional role of β3 -adrenoceptors in the heart has not uniformly been detected, there is a broad consensus that they become up-regulated in pathological conditions associated with increased sympathetic activity such as heart failure and diabetes. When detected, the β3 -adrenceptor has been demonstrated to mediate negative inotropic effects in an inhibitory G protein-dependent manner through the NO-cGMP-PKG signalling pathway. Whether these negative inotropic effects provide protection from the adverse effects induced by overstimulation of β1 /β2 -adrenoceptors or in themselves are potentially harmful is controversial, but ongoing clinical studies in patients with congestive heart failure are testing the hypothesis that β3 -adrenceptor agonism has a beneficial effect. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Arioglu-Inan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Kayki-Mutlu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Martin C Michel
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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Okada M, Fukuyama K, Kawano Y, Shiroyama T, Ueda Y. Memantine protects thalamocortical hyper-glutamatergic transmission induced by NMDA receptor antagonism via activation of system xc<sup/>. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00457. [PMID: 30631447 PMCID: PMC6323135 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)/glutamate receptor (NMDAR) signaling have been considered central to the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia; however, an NMDAR antagonist memantine (MEM) improves cognitive impairments of Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. These mechanisms of paradoxical clinical effects of NMDAR antagonists remain unclear. To explore the mechanisms by which MK801 and MEM affect thalamocortical transmission, we determined interactions between local administrations of MK801, MEM, system xc- (Sxc), and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) on extracellular glutamate and GABA levels in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MDTN) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using dual-probe microdialysis with ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. Effects of MK801 and MEM on Sxc activity were also determined using primary cultured astrocytes. Sxc activity was enhanced by MEM, but was unaffected by MK801. MK801 enhanced thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission by GABAergic disinhibition in the MDTN. In the MDTN and the mPFC, MEM weakly increased glutamate release by activating Sxc, whereas MEM inhibited thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission. Paradoxical effects of MEM were induced following secondary activation of inhibitory II-mGluR and III-mGluR by exporting glutamate from astroglial Sxc. The present results suggest that the effects of therapeutically relevant concentrations of MEM on thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission are predominantly caused by activation of Sxc rather than inhibition of NMDAR. These demonstrations suggest that the combination between reduced NMDAR and activated Sxc contribute to the neuroprotective effects of MEM. Furthermore, activation of Sxc may compensate for the cognitive impairments that are induced by hyperactivation of thalamocortical glutamatergic transmission following activation of Sxc/II-mGluR in the MDTN and Sxc/II-mGluR/III-mGluR in the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okada
- Department of NeuropsychiatryDivision of NeuroscienceGraduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuMieJapan
| | - Kouji Fukuyama
- Department of NeuropsychiatryDivision of NeuroscienceGraduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuMieJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Department of NeuropsychiatryDivision of NeuroscienceGraduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuMieJapan
| | - Takashi Shiroyama
- Department of NeuropsychiatryDivision of NeuroscienceGraduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuMieJapan
| | - Yuto Ueda
- Department of NeuropsychiatryDivision of NeuroscienceGraduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuMieJapan
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68
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Phrommintikul A, Wongcharoen W, Kumfu S, Jaiwongkam T, Gunaparn S, Chattipakorn S, Chattipakorn N. Effects of dapagliflozin vs vildagliptin on cardiometabolic parameters in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: a randomised study. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1337-1347. [PMID: 30767253 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce cardiovascular events and heart failure in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients with high cardiovascular risk. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors showed neutral effects and may increase risk of heart failure. We aimed to compare cardiometabolic effects of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin in T2D patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Forty-nine T2D patients with CAD were randomly assigned to dapagliflozin (n = 25) or vildagliptin (n = 24) for 6 months in a double-blind fashion. Cardiometabolic parameters were collected at baseline and at the end of treatments. RESULTS Mean age was 63.2 ± 7.9 years (female 46.9%). Baseline characteristics did not differ between two groups. At 6 months, HbA1C significantly decreased in both dapaglifozin and vildagliptin groups (0.6 ± 1.0% vs 0.8 ± 1.4%, P = 0.22, respectively). There was no difference between the changes in lipid profiles. Body mass index decreased in patients receiving dapagliflozin, whereas it increased in those receiving vildagliptin (-1.27 [95% confidence interval -2.01, -0.53] vs 1.72 [0.72, 2.72] kg, P < 0.001). The reduction in systolic blood pressure and high-sensitivity troponin T was observed in the dapagliflozin group (-9.87 [-18.00, -1.15] mmHg and 2.49 [-4.50, -0.47] pg/mL) but not in vildagliptin group (-1.97 [-9.42, 5.48] mmHg and 1.98 [-0.02, 3.97] pg/mL). The mean haemoglobin increased in the dapagliflozin group, whereas the mean platelet volume increased in the vildagliptin group. There was no significant change in the inflammatory markers in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS The extraglycaemic effects of dapagliflozin and vildagliptin on cardiometabolic parameters in T2D with CAD were different. The more favourable effects of dapagliflozin compared to vildagliptin may have explained the cardiovascular benefits observed only in sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arintaya Phrommintikul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wanwarang Wongcharoen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirinart Kumfu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thidarat Jaiwongkam
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriluck Gunaparn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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69
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Askew Page HR, Dalsgaard T, Baldwin SN, Jepps TA, Povstyan O, Olesen SP, Greenwood IA. TMEM16A is implicated in the regulation of coronary flow and is altered in hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1635-1648. [PMID: 30710335 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coronary artery disease leads to ischaemic heart disease and ultimately myocardial infarction. Thus, it is important to determine the factors that regulate coronary blood flow. Ca2+ -activated chloride channels contribute to the regulation of arterial tone; however, their role in coronary arteries is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and function of the main molecular correlate of Ca2+ -activated chloride channels, TMEM16A, in rat coronary arteries. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed mRNA and protein analysis, electrophysiological studies of coronary artery myocytes, and functional studies of coronary artery contractility and coronary perfusion, using novel inhibitors of TMEM16A. Furthermore, we assessed whether any changes in expression and function occurred in coronary arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). KEY RESULTS TMEM16A was expressed in rat coronary arteries. The TMEM16A-specific inhibitor, MONNA, hyperpolarised the membrane potential in U46619. MONNA, T16Ainh -A01, and Ani9 attenuated 5-HT/U46619-induced contractions. MONNA and T16Ainh -A01 also increased coronary flow in Langendorff perfused rat heart preparations. TMEM16A mRNA was increased in coronary artery smooth muscle cells from SHRs, and U46619 and 5-HT were more potent in arteries from SHRs than in those from normal Wistar rats. MONNA diminished this increased sensitivity to U46619 and 5-HT. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, TMEM16A is a key regulator of coronary blood flow and is implicated in the altered contractility of coronary arteries from SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Askew Page
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Dalsgaard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel N Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oleksandr Povstyan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Søren P Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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70
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Evans BA, Merlin J, Bengtsson T, Hutchinson DS. Adrenoceptors in white, brown, and brite adipocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2416-2432. [PMID: 30801689 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenoceptors play an important role in adipose tissue biology and physiology that includes regulating the synthesis and storage of triglycerides (lipogenesis), the breakdown of stored triglycerides (lipolysis), thermogenesis (heat production), glucose metabolism, and the secretion of adipocyte-derived hormones that can control whole-body energy homeostasis. These processes are regulated by the sympathetic nervous system through actions at different adrenoceptor subtypes expressed in adipose tissue depots. In this review, we have highlighted the role of adrenoceptor subtypes in white, brown, and brite adipocytes in both rodents and humans and have included detailed analysis of adrenoceptor expression in human adipose tissue and clonally derived adipocytes. We discuss important considerations when investigating adrenoceptor function in adipose tissue or adipocytes. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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71
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Cui C, Yang J, Fu L, Wang M, Wang X. Progress in understanding mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex-mediated calcium signalling: A potential target for cancer treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1190-1205. [PMID: 30801705 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its Ca2+ buffering capacity, the mitochondrion is one of the most important intracellular organelles in regulating Ca2+ dynamic oscillation. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) is the primary mediator of Ca2+ influx into mitochondria, manipulating cell energy metabolism, ROS production, and programmed cell death, all of which are critical for carcinogenesis. The understanding of the uniporter complex was significantly boosted by recent groundbreaking discoveries that identified the uniporter pore-forming subunit MCU and its regulatory molecules, including MCU-dominant negative β subunit (MCUb), essential MCU regulator (EMRE), MCU regulator 1 (MCUR1), mitochondrial calcium uptake (MICU) 1, MICU2, and MICU3. These provide the means and molecular platform to investigate MCU complex (uniplex)-mediated impaired Ca2+ signalling in physiology and pathology. This review aims to summarize the progress of the understanding regulatory mechanisms of uniplex, roles of uniplex-mediated Ca2+ signalling in cancer, and potential pharmacological inhibitors of MCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochu Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Neurorestoratology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Cao Y, Li Q, Liu L, Wu H, Huang F, Wang C, Lan Y, Zheng F, Xing F, Zhou Q, Li Q, Shi H, Zhang B, Wang Z, Wu X. Modafinil protects hippocampal neurons by suppressing excessive autophagy and apoptosis in mice with sleep deprivation. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1282-1297. [PMID: 30767208 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sleep deprivation compromises learning and memory in both humans and animals, and can be reversed by administration of modafinil, a drug promoting wakefulness. Dysfunctional autophagy increases activation of apoptotic cascades, ultimately leading to increased neuronal death, which can be alleviated by autophagy inhibitors. This study aimed to investigate the alleviative effect and mechanism of modafinil on the excessive autophagy occurring in the hippocampus of mice with deficiency of learning and memory induced by sleep deprivation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The Morris water maze was used to assess the effects of modafinil on male C57BL/6Slac mice after 48-hr sleep deprivation. The HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cell line was also used. Nissl staining, transmission electron microscope, immunofluorescence, Western blot, transient transfection, and autophagy inducer were used to study the effect and mechanism of modafinil on hippocampal neurons with excessive autophagy and apoptosis. KEY RESULTS Modafinil improved learning and memory in sleep-deprived mice, associated with the inhibition of excessive autophage and apoptosis and an enhanced activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signalling pathway in hippocampal neurons. These effects of modafinil were abolished by rapamycin. In addition, modafinil suppressed the aberrant autophagy and apoptosis induced by rapamycin and reactivated PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signals in HT-22 cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggested that modafinil alleviated impaired learning and memory of sleep-deprived mice potentially by suppressing excessive autophagy and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. This novel mechanism may add to our knowledge of modafinil in the clinical treatment of impaired memory caused by sleep loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of R&D of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunyi Lan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Faping Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Fischer AU, Müller NIC, Deller T, Del Turco D, Fisch JO, Griesemer D, Kattler K, Maraslioglu A, Roemer V, Xu‐Friedman MA, Walter J, Friauf E. GABA is a modulator, rather than a classical transmitter, in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body-lateral superior olive sound localization circuit. J Physiol 2019; 597:2269-2295. [PMID: 30776090 PMCID: PMC6462465 DOI: 10.1113/jp277566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The lateral superior olive (LSO), a brainstem hub involved in sound localization, integrates excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the ipsilateral and the contralateral ear, respectively. In gerbils and rats, inhibition to the LSO reportedly shifts from GABAergic to glycinergic within the first three postnatal weeks. Surprisingly, we found no evidence for synaptic GABA signalling during this time window in mouse LSO principal neurons. However, we found that presynaptic GABAB Rs modulate Ca2+ influx into medial nucleus of the trapezoid body axon terminals, resulting in reduced synaptic strength. Moreover, GABA elicited strong responses in LSO neurons that were mediated by extrasynaptic GABAA Rs. RNA sequencing revealed highly abundant δ subunits, which are characteristic of extrasynaptic receptors. Whereas GABA increased the excitability of neonatal LSO neurons, it reduced the excitability around hearing onset. Collectively, GABA appears to control the excitability of mouse LSO neurons via extrasynaptic and presynaptic signalling. Thus, GABA acts as a modulator, rather than as a classical transmitter. ABSTRACT GABA and glycine mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission and are coreleased at several synapse types. Here we assessed the contribution of GABA and glycine in synaptic transmission between the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) and the lateral superior olive (LSO), two nuclei involved in sound localization. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments in acute mouse brainstem slices at postnatal days (P) 4 and 11 during pharmacological blockade of GABAA receptors (GABAA Rs) and/or glycine receptors demonstrated no GABAergic synaptic component on LSO principal neurons. A GABAergic component was absent in evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents and miniature events. Coimmunofluorescence experiments revealed no codistribution of the presynaptic GABAergic marker GAD65/67 with gephyrin, a postsynaptic marker for GABAA Rs, corroborating the conclusion that GABA does not act synaptically in the mouse LSO. Imaging experiments revealed reduced Ca2+ influx into MNTB axon terminals following activation of presynaptic GABAB Rs. GABAB R activation reduced the synaptic strength at P4 and P11. GABA appears to act on extrasynaptic GABAA Rs as demonstrated by application of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol, a δ-subunit-specific GABAA R agonist. RNA sequencing showed high mRNA levels for the δ-subunit in the LSO. Moreover, GABA transporters GAT-1 and GAT-3 appear to control extracellular GABA. Finally, we show an age-dependent effect of GABA on the excitability of LSO neurons. Whereas tonic GABA increased the excitability at P4, leading to spike facilitation, it decreased the excitability at P11 via shunting inhibition through extrasynaptic GABAA Rs. Taken together, we demonstrate a modulatory role of GABA in the murine LSO, rather than a function as a classical synaptic transmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander U. Fischer
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Nicolas I. C. Müller
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Thomas Deller
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience CenterGoethe‐University Frankfurt, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7D‐60590Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Domenico Del Turco
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience CenterGoethe‐University Frankfurt, Theodor‐Stern‐Kai 7D‐60590Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Jonas O. Fisch
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Désirée Griesemer
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Kathrin Kattler
- Genetics/Epigenetic Group, Department of Biological SciencesSaarland UniversityD‐66123Saarbrücken
| | - Ayse Maraslioglu
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Vera Roemer
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Matthew A. Xu‐Friedman
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Jörn Walter
- Genetics/Epigenetic Group, Department of Biological SciencesSaarland UniversityD‐66123Saarbrücken
| | - Eckhard Friauf
- Animal Physiology Group, Department of BiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
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74
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White CW, da Silva Junior ED, Lim L, Ventura S. What makes the α 1A -adrenoceptor gene product assume an α 1L -adrenoceptor phenotype? Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2358-2365. [PMID: 30719698 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The α1A -adrenoceptor is abundantly expressed in the lower urinary tract and is the principal therapeutic target for the symptomatic treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men. Prazosin has a lower affinity for the lower urinary tract α1A -adrenoceptor than α1A -adrenoceptors found in other parts of the body. This has led to the lower urinary tract α1A -adrenoceptor being subclassified as an α1L -adrenoceptor. It was demonstrated that this pharmacologically distinct α1L -adrenoceptor is a product of the α1A -adrenoceptor gene, but the mechanism by which this altered phenotype is achieved remains a mystery. Hypotheses for this altered pharmacology include the presence of an interacting protein such as cysteine-rich with EGF-like domain (CRELD) 1 or other GPCRs such as the CXCR2 chemokine or 5-HT1B receptor. Alternatively, the influence of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) efflux transporters on the pharmacology of α1A -adrenoceptors has also been investigated. These and other hypotheses will be described and discussed in this review. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Adrenoceptors-New Roles for Old Players. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl W White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Linzi Lim
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabatino Ventura
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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75
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Khalifeh M, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Trehalose as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1173-1189. [PMID: 30767205 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder resulting primarily from loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. PD is characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates, and evidence suggests that aberrant protein deposition in dopaminergic neurons could be related to the dysregulation of the lysosomal autophagy pathway. The therapeutic potential of autophagy modulators has been reported in experimental models of PD. Trehalose is a natural disaccharide that has been considered as a new candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It has a chaperone-like activity, prevents protein misfolding or aggregation, and by promoting autophagy, contributes to the removal of accumulated proteins. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of aberrant autophagy in PD and the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development of this disease. We also discuss reports that used trehalose to counteract the neurotoxicity in PD, focusing particularly on the autophagy promoting, protein stabilization, and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Khalifeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.,Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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76
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Herman FJ, Simkovic S, Pasinetti GM. Neuroimmune nexus of depression and dementia: Shared mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3558-3584. [PMID: 30632147 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional immune activity is a physiological component of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). The extent to which altered immune activity influences the development of their respective cognitive symptoms and neuropathologies remains under investigation. It is evident, however, that immune activity affects neuronal function and circuit integrity. In both disorders, alterations are present in similar immune networks and neuroendocrine signalling pathways, immune responses persist in overlapping neuroanatomical locations, and morphological and structural irregularities are noted in similar domains. Epidemiological studies have also linked the two disorders, and their genetic and environmental risk factors intersect along immune-activating pathways and can be synonymous with one another. While each of these disorders individually contains a large degree of heterogeneity, their shared immunological components may link distinct phenotypes within each disorder. This review will therefore highlight the shared immune pathways of AD and MDD, their overlapping neuroanatomical features, and previously applied, as well as novel, approaches to pharmacologically manipulate immune pathways, in each neurological condition. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Herman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sherry Simkovic
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA.,Geriatrics Research. Education, and Clinical Center, JJ Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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77
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Taylor EB, Wolf VL, Dent E, Ryan MJ. Mechanisms of hypertension in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1897-1913. [PMID: 30714094 PMCID: PMC6534791 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus have an increased prevalence of hypertension. There is now a large body of evidence showing that the immune system is a key mediator in both human primary hypertension and experimental models. Many of the proposed immunological mechanisms leading to primary hypertension are paralleled in autoimmune rheumatic disorders. Therefore, examining the link between autoimmunity and hypertension can be informative for understanding primary hypertension. This review examines the prevalent hypertension, the immune mediators that contribute to the prevalent hypertension and their impact on renal function and how the risk of hypertension is potentially influenced by common hormonal changes that are associated with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Victoria L Wolf
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Elena Dent
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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78
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Gu M, Zhao P, Zhang S, Fan S, Yang L, Tong Q, Ji G, Huang C. Betulinic acid alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through activation of farnesoid X receptors in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:847-863. [PMID: 30635917 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains elusive. Both farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress contribute to the progression of NAFLD; however, it is not clear whether the actions of these two pathways are dependent on each other. Moreover, the pharmacological benefits and mechanism of betulinic acid (BA) in controlling metabolic syndrome and NAFLD are largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A reporter assay and a time-resolved FRET assay were used to identify BA as an agonist of the FXR. NAFLD was induced by a methionine and choline-deficient L-amino acid diet (MCD) and high-fat diet (HFD). The pharmacological effects of BA (100 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) and potential interactions between hepatic FXR activation and ER stress pathways were evaluated by FXR silencing, Western blot and RT-PCR analyses using control and FXR-/- mice. KEY RESULTS Activation of the FXR inhibited intracellular PERK/EIF2α/ATF4 and CHOP signalling, thereby alleviating hepatic ER stress, whereas FXR silencing resulted in an opposite effect. Furthermore, we identified BA as an FXR agonist that effectively attenuated the progression of NAFLD and metabolic disorders in both HFD- and MCD diet-fed mice and restored the hepatocellular ER homeostasis by stimulating the FXR signalling pathway and blocking PERK/EIF2α signalling. In contrast, the effects of BA were attenuated in FXR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data demonstrate that pharmacological activation of the FXR by BA reduces hepatocellular ER stress and attenuates NAFLD in an animal model of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Complexity Systems, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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79
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Funakoshi R, Tomoda Y, Kudo T, Furihata K, Kusuhara H, Ito K. Effects of proton pump inhibitors, esomeprazole and vonoprazan, on the disposition of proguanil, a CYP2C19 substrate, in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1454-1463. [PMID: 30845361 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Vonoprazan, a new class of potassium-competitive proton pump inhibitors has been found to attenuate the antiplatelet function of clopidogrel in a recent clinical study, despite weak in vitro activity against CYP2C19. To elucidate the mechanism of this interaction, the present study investigated the effects of esomeprazole and vonoprazan on the pharmacokinetics of proguanil, a CYP2C19 substrate. METHODS Seven healthy male volunteers (CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers) received a single oral administration of 100 mg proguanil/250 mg atovaquone (control phase), oral esomeprazole (20 mg) for 5 days followed by proguanil/atovaquone (esomeprazole phase) and oral vonoprazan (20 mg) for 5 days followed by proguanil/atovaquone (vonoprazan phase). Concentrations of proguanil and its metabolite, cycloguanil, in plasma and urine in each phase were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Coadministration with proton pump inhibitors resulted in increase and decrease in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of proguanil and cycloguanil, respectively, significantly reducing their AUC ratio (cycloguanil/proguanil) to 0.317-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.256-0.379) and 0.507-fold (95% CI 0.409-0.605) in esomeprazole phase and vonoprazan phase, respectively. Esomeprazole and vonoprazan also significantly reduced the apparent formation clearance (cumulative amount of cycloguanil in urine divided by AUC of proguanil) to 0.324-fold (95% CI 0.212-0.436) and 0.433-fold (95% CI 0.355-0.511), respectively, without significant changes in renal clearance of proguanil and cycloguanil. CONCLUSIONS Although further studies are needed, both esomeprazole and vonoprazan potentially inhibit CYP2C19 at clinical doses, suggesting caution in the coadministration of these drugs with CYP2C19 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohkan Funakoshi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukana Tomoda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kudo
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Furihata
- P-One Clinic, Keikokai Medical Corporation, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Ito
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo, Japan
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80
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Sallustio BC, Noll BD, Coller JK, Tuke J, Russ G, Somogyi AA. Relationship between allograft cyclosporin concentrations and P-glycoprotein expression in the 1st month following renal transplantation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1015-1020. [PMID: 30690767 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunosuppressant cyclosporin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate whose impaired function has been associated with an increased risk of cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity following renal transplantation. This study investigated the relationship between blood and allograft cyclosporin concentration, and the effect of P-gp expression. Fifty biopsy samples were obtained from 39 renal transplant recipients who received cyclosporin as part of maintenance immunosuppression. Blood cyclosporin concentrations (2 hours postdose) were obtained from clinical records, matching allograft cyclosporin concentrations were measured in frozen biopsy tissue by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and allograft P-gp expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Blood and allograft cyclosporin concentrations in the 1st month post-transplantation ranged from 505-2005 μg/L and 0.01-16.7 ng/mg tissue, respectively. Dose was the only significant predictor of allograft cyclosporin concentrations (adjusted R2 = .24, F-statistic = 11.52, P = .0019), with no effect of P-gp expression or blood cyclosporin concentrations. P-gp expression is not the major determinant of allograft cyclosporin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta C Sallustio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin D Noll
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Janet K Coller
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jonathan Tuke
- ARC Centre for Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,School of Mathematical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Graeme Russ
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew A Somogyi
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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81
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Huang MZ, Yang YJ, Liu XW, Qin Z, Li JY. Aspirin eugenol ester attenuates oxidative injury of vascular endothelial cells by regulating NOS and Nrf2 signalling pathways. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:906-918. [PMID: 30706438 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new drug compound synthesized by combining aspirin with eugenol. It was reported to possess anti-thrombotic, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-oxidative effects. However, its molecular mechanism against oxidative injury is unclear. This study investigated how AEE affected the oxidative injury of vascular endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A hamster model of atherosclerosis induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and an in vitro model of oxidative stress, H2 O2 -induced apoptosis of HUVECs, were used to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of AEE. KEY RESULTS AEE significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of HFD on malondialdehyde, the inhibitory effect of HFD on SOD activity and GSH/GSSG ratio, and the overexpression of inducible NOS (iNOS) in the aorta. In vitro, incubation of HUVECs with H2 O2 led their apoptosis, dysfunctions of the NO systems (including increased iNOS activity, decreased endothelial NOS activity, and increased production of NO), an imbalance in calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism with an increase in intracellular free calcium and decrease in ATP, and a down-regulation of Nrf2. In contrast, in the HUVECs pretreated with 1 μM AEE for 24 hr, the above adverse effects induced by H2 O2 were significantly ameliorated. Moreover, the decrease in NO production and activity of iNOS induced by AEE was significantly attenuated in Nrf2-inhibited HUVECs. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION AEE protects vascular endothelial cells from oxidative injury by regulating NOS and Nrf2 signalling pathways. This suggests that AEE is a novel potential agent for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhou Huang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
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82
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Sheetz M, Barrington P, Callies S, Berg PH, McColm J, Marbury T, Decker B, Dyas GL, Truhlar SME, Benschop R, Leung D, Berg J, Witcher DR. Targeting the hepcidin-ferroportin pathway in anaemia of chronic kidney disease. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:935-948. [PMID: 30677788 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents used to treat anaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been associated with cardiovascular adverse events. Hepcidin production, controlled by bone morphogenic protein 6 (BMP6), regulates iron homeostasis via interactions with the iron transporter, ferroportin. High hepcidin levels are thought to contribute to increased iron sequestration and subsequent anaemia in CKD patients. To investigate alternative therapies to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents for CKD patients, monoclonal antibodies, LY3113593 and LY2928057, targeting BMP6 and ferroportin respectively, were tested in CKD patients. METHODS Preclinical in vitro/vivo data and clinical data in healthy subjects and CKD patients were used to illustrate the translation of pharmacological properties of LY3113593 and LY2928057, highlighting the novelty of targeting these nodes within the hepcidin-ferroportin pathway. RESULTS LY2928057 bound ferroportin and blocked interactions with hepcidin, allowing iron efflux, leading to increased serum iron and transferrin saturation levels and increased hepcidin in monkeys and humans. In CKD patients, LY2928057 led to slower haemoglobin decline and reduction in ferritin (compared to placebo). Serum iron increase was (mean [90% confidence interval]) 1.98 [1.46-2.68] and 1.36 [1.22-1.51] fold-relative to baseline following LY2928057 600 mg and LY311593 150 mg respectively in CKD patients. LY3113593 specifically blocked BMP6 binding to its receptor and produced increases in iron and transferrin saturation and decreases in hepcidin preclinically and clinically. In CKD patients, LY3113593 produced an increase in haemoglobin and reduction in ferritin (compared to placebo). CONCLUSION LY3113593 and LY2928057 pharmacological effects (serum iron and ferritin) were translated from preclinical-to-clinical development. Such interventions may lead to new CKD anaemia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul H Berg
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Decker
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jolene Berg
- DaVita Clinical Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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83
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Hughes JH, Phelps MA, Upton RN, Reuter SE, Gao Y, Byrd JC, Grever MR, Hofmeister CC, Marcucci G, Blum W, Blum KA, Foster DJR. Population pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide in patients with B-cell malignancies. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:924-934. [PMID: 30672004 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory imide drug used broadly in the treatment of multiple myeloma and lymphoma. It continues to be evaluated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) at lower doses due to dose-related toxicities including tumour flare and tumour lysis syndrome. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model for lenalidomide in multiple cancers, including CLL, to identify any disease-related differences in disposition. METHODS Lenalidomide concentrations from 4 clinical trials were collated (1999 samples, 125 subjects), covering 4 cancers (multiple myeloma, CLL, acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and a large dose range (2.5-75 mg). A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with NONMEM and patient demographics were tested as covariates. RESULTS The data were best fitted by a 1-compartment kinetic model with absorption described by 7 transit compartments. Clearance and volume of distribution were allometrically scaled for fat-free mass. The population parameter estimates for apparent clearance, apparent volume of distribution and transit rate constant were 12 L/h (10.8-13.6), 68.8 L (61.8-76.3), and 13.5 h-1 (11.9-36.8) respectively. Patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) exhibited a 22% reduction in lenalidomide clearance compared to patients with creatinine clearance of 90 mL/min. Cancer type had no discernible effect on lenalidomide disposition. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of a lenalidomide population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate lenalidomide pharmacokinetics in patients with CLL and compare its pharmacokinetics with other B-cell malignancies. As no differences in pharmacokinetics were found between the observed cancer-types, the unique toxicities observed in CLL may be due to disease-specific pharmacodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim H Hughes
- Australian Centre for Pharmacometrics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Mitch A Phelps
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Richard N Upton
- Australian Centre for Pharmacometrics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephanie E Reuter
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Yue Gao
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John C Byrd
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael R Grever
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig C Hofmeister
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William Blum
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristie A Blum
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David J R Foster
- Australian Centre for Pharmacometrics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia
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84
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Al-Abdulla R, Perez-Silva L, Abete L, Romero MR, Briz O, Marin JJG. Unraveling ‘The Cancer Genome Atlas’ information on the role of SLC transporters in anticancer drug uptake. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019; 12:329-341. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2019.1581605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Silva
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lorena Abete
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta R. Romero
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose J. G. Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), University of Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
- Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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85
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Hagos FT, Adams SM, Poloyac SM, Kochanek PM, Horvat CM, Clark RSB, Empey PE. Membrane transporters in traumatic brain injury: Pathological, pharmacotherapeutic, and developmental implications. Exp Neurol 2019; 317:10-21. [PMID: 30797827 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters regulate the trafficking of endogenous and exogenous molecules across biological barriers and within the neurovascular unit. In traumatic brain injury (TBI), they moderate the dynamic movement of therapeutic drugs and injury mediators among neurons, endothelial cells and glial cells, thereby becoming important determinants of pathogenesis and effective pharmacotherapy after TBI. There are three ways transporters may impact outcomes in TBI. First, transporters likely play a key role in the clearance of injury mediators. Second, genetic association studies suggest transporters may be important in the transition of TBI from acute brain injury to a chronic neurological disease. Third, transporters dynamically control the brain penetration and efflux of many drugs and their distribution within and elimination from the brain, contributing to pharmacoresistance and possibly in some cases pharmacosensitivity. Understanding the nature of drugs or candidate drugs in development with respect to whether they are a transporter substrate or inhibitor is relevant to understand whether they distribute to their target in sufficient concentrations. Emerging data provide evidence of altered expression and function of transporters in humans after TBI. Genetic variability in expression and/or function of key transporters adds an additional dynamic, as shown in recent clinical studies. In this review, evidence supporting the role of individual membrane transporters in TBI are discussed as well as novel strategies for their modulation as possible therapeutic targets. Since data specifically targeting pediatric TBI are sparse, this review relies mainly on experimental studies using adult animals and clinical studies in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanuel T Hagos
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Solomon M Adams
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Samuel M Poloyac
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher M Horvat
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Philip E Empey
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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86
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Sadick JS, Liddelow SA. Don't forget astrocytes when targeting Alzheimer's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3585-3598. [PMID: 30636042 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for CNS health, regulating homeostasis, metabolism, and synaptic transmission. In addition to these and many other physiological roles, the pathological impact of astrocytes ("reactive astrocytes") in acute trauma and chronic disease like Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well established. Growing evidence supports a fundamental and active role of astrocytes in multiple neurodegenerative diseases. With a growing interest in normal astrocyte biology, and countless studies on changes in astrocyte function in the context of disease, it may be a surprise that no therapies exist incorporating astrocytes as key targets. Here, we examine unintentional effects of current AD therapies on astrocyte function and theorize how astrocytes may be intentionally targeted for more efficacious therapeutic outcomes. Given their integral role in normal neuronal functioning, incorporating astrocytes as key criteria for AD drug development can only lead to more effective therapies for the millions of AD sufferers worldwide. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Sadick
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Shane A Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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87
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Gan LM, Lagerström-Fermér M, Ericsson H, Nelander K, Lindstedt EL, Michaëlsson E, Kjaer M, Heijer M, Whatling C, Fuhr R. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and effect on serum uric acid of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZD4831 in a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase I study in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:762-770. [PMID: 30618054 PMCID: PMC6422671 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Myeloperoxidase activity can contribute to impaired vascular endothelial function and fibrosis in chronic inflammation‐related cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigated the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor, AZD4831. Methods In this randomized, single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase I, first‐in‐human study, healthy men in five sequential cohorts were randomized 3:1 to receive a single oral dose of AZD4831 (5, 15, 45, 135 or 405 mg) or placebo, after overnight fasting. After at least 7 days' washout, one cohort additionally received AZD4831 45 mg after a high‐calorie meal. Results Forty men participated in the study (eight per cohort: AZD4831, n = 6; placebo, n = 2). AZD4831 distributed rapidly into plasma, with a half‐life of 38.2–50.0 hours. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) increased proportionally with dose (AUC0–∝ slope estimate 1.060; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9943, 1.127). Increases in maximum plasma concentration were slightly more than dose proportional (slope estimate 1.201; 95% CI 1.071, 1.332). Food intake reduced AZD4831 absorption rate but did not substantially affect overall exposure or plasma half‐life (n = 4). Serum uric acid concentrations decreased by 71.77 (95% CI 29.15, 114.39) and 84.42 (58.90, 109.94) μmol L−1 with AZD4831 135 mg and 405 mg, respectively. Maculopapular rash (moderate intensity) occurred in 4/30 participants receiving AZD4831 (13.3%). No other safety concerns were identified. Conclusions AZD4831 was generally well tolerated, rapidly absorbed, had a long plasma half‐life and lowered uric acid concentrations after single oral doses in healthy men. These findings support the further clinical development of AZD4831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Gan
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Hans Ericsson
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Nelander
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lotte Lindstedt
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Kjaer
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Heijer
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Whatling
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rainard Fuhr
- PAREXEL Early Phase Clinical Unit, Berlin, Germany
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88
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Al-Abdulla R, Lozano E, Macias RIR, Monte MJ, Briz O, O'Rourke CJ, Serrano MA, Banales JM, Avila MA, Martinez-Chantar ML, Geier A, Andersen JB, Marin JJG. Epigenetic events involved in organic cation transporter 1-dependent impaired response of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:787-800. [PMID: 30592786 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The expression of the human organic cation transporter-1 (hOCT1, gene SLC22A1) is reduced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular bases of this reduction and its relationship with the poor response of HCC to sorafenib were investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HCC transcriptomes from 366 samples available at TCGA were analysed. Alternative splicing was determined by RT-PCR. The role of miRNAs in SLC22A1 downregulation was investigated. Expression of Oct1 was measured in rodent HCC models (spontaneously generated in Fxr-/- mice and chemically-induced in rats). hOCT1 was overexpressed in human hepatoma cells (HuH7 and HepG2). Sorafenib and regorafenib uptake was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. KEY RESULTS hOCT1 overexpression enhanced sorafenib, but not regorafenib, quinine-inhibitable uptake by hepatoma cells. In rodent HCC, Oct1 was downregulated, which was accompanied by impaired sorafenib uptake. In mice with s.c.-implanted HCC, sorafenib inhibited the growth of hOCT1 overexpressing tumours. In human HCC, hOCT1 expression was inversely correlated with SLC22A1 promoter methylation, whereas demethylation with decitabine enhanced hOCT1 expression in hepatoma cells. Increased proportion of aberrant hOCT1 mRNA variants was found in HCC samples. In silico analysis identified six miRNAs as candidates to target hOCT1 mRNA. When overexpressed in HepG2 cells a significant hOCT1 mRNA decay was induced by hsa-miR-330 and hsa-miR-1468. Analysis of 39 paired tumour/adjacent samples from TCGA revealed that hsa-mir-330 was consistently upregulated in HCC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Impaired hOCT1 expression/function in HCC, in part due to epigenetic modifications, plays an important role in the poor pharmacological response of this cancer to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio I R Macias
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Monte
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Briz
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Colm J O'Rourke
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria A Serrano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology. Biodonostia Biomedical Research Institute, San Sebastian University Hospital. Basque Country University, San Sebastian, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Hepatology Programme, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), IDISNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Department of Metabolomics, CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Vizcaya, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jesper B Andersen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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89
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Nikseresht S, Bush AI, Ayton S. Treating Alzheimer's disease by targeting iron. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3622-3635. [PMID: 30632143 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
No disease modifying drugs have been approved for Alzheimer's disease despite recent major investments by industry and governments throughout the world. The burden of Alzheimer's disease is becoming increasingly unsustainable, and given the last decade of clinical trial failures, a renewed understanding of the disease mechanism is called for, and trialling of new therapeutic approaches to slow disease progression is warranted. Here, we review the evidence and rational for targeting brain iron in Alzheimer's disease. Although iron elevation in Alzheimer's disease was reported in the 1950s, renewed interest has been stimulated by the advancement of fluid and imaging biomarkers of brain iron that predict disease progression, and the recent discovery of the iron-dependent cell death pathway termed ferroptosis. We review these emerging clinical and biochemical findings and propose how this pathway may be targeted therapeutically to slow Alzheimer's disease progression. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nikseresht
- The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Ayton
- The Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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90
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Wu C, Chen J, Yang R, Duan F, Li S, Chen X. Mitochondrial protective effect of neferine through the modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signalling in ischaemic stroke. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:400-415. [PMID: 30414381 PMCID: PMC6329622 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of death and long-term disability. Promising neuroprotective compounds are urgently needed to overcome clinical therapeutic limitations. Neuroprotective agents are limited to single-target agents, which further limit their clinical effectiveness. Due to the brain's particular energy requirements, the energy micro-environment, centred in mitochondria, is a new research hotspot in the complex pathology of ischaemic stroke. Here, we studied the effects of neferine (Nef), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, on ischaemic stroke and its underlying mitochondrial protective mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO)-induced focal cerebral ischaemia and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-injured PC12 cells were used to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Nef, particularly with regard to energy micro-environment regulation by mitochondria and its mechanism in vivo and in vitro. KEY RESULTS Nef protected t-BHP-injured PC12 cells in vitro and ameliorated neurological score, infarct volume, regional cerebral blood flow, cerebral microstructure and oxidant-related enzyme deficits in pMCAO rats in vivo. Nef also prevented mitochondrial dysfunction both in vivo and in vitro. The underlying mechanism of the mitochondrial protective effect of Nef might be attributed to the increased translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus. Furthermore, the translocation of Nrf2 to nucleus was also decreased by sequestosome 1 (p62) knockdown. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results demonstrated that Nef might have therapeutic potential for ischaemic stroke and may exert its protective role through mitochondrial protection. This protection might be attributed to the modulation of Nrf2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Ruocong Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Feipeng Duan
- Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Shaojing Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauMacaoChina
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91
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Kohl JB, Mellis A, Schwarz G. Homeostatic impact of sulfite and hydrogen sulfide on cysteine catabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:554-570. [PMID: 30088670 PMCID: PMC6346071 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine is one of the two key sulfur-containing amino acids with important functions in redox homeostasis, protein functionality and metabolism. Cysteine is taken up by mammals via their diet and can also be derived from methionine via the transsulfuration pathway. The cellular concentration of cysteine is kept within a narrow range by controlling its synthesis and degradation. There are two pathways for the catabolism of cysteine leading to sulfate, taurine and thiosulfate as terminal products. The oxidative pathway produces taurine and sulfate, while the H2 S pathway involves different enzymatic reactions leading to the formation and clearance of H2 S, an important signalling molecule in mammals, resulting in thiosulfate and sulfate. Sulfite is a common intermediate in both catabolic pathways. Sulfite is considered as cytotoxic and produces neurotoxic S-sulfonates. As a result, a deficiency in the terminal steps of cysteine or H2 S catabolism leads to severe forms of encephalopathy with the accumulation of sulfite and H2 S in the body. This review links the homeostatic regulation of both cysteine catabolic pathways to sulfite and H2 S. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Kohl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Anna‐Theresa Mellis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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92
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Duthaler U, Suenderhauf C, Karlsson MO, Hussner J, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen H, Krähenbühl S, Hammann F. Population pharmacokinetics of oral ivermectin in venous plasma and dried blood spots in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:626-633. [PMID: 30566757 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The anthelminthic ivermectin is receiving new attention as it is being repurposed for new indications such as mass drug administrations for the treatment of scabies or in malaria vector control. As its pharmacokinetics are still poorly understood, we aimed to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in plasma and dried blood spots (DBS), a sampling method better suited to field trials, with special focus on the influence of body composition and enterohepatic circulation. METHODS We performed a clinical trial in 12 healthy volunteers who each received a single oral dose of 12 mg ivermectin, and collected peripheral venous and capillary DBS samples. We determined ivermectin concentrations in plasma and DBS by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using a fully automated and scalable extraction system for DBS sample processing. Pharmacokinetic data were analysed using non-linear mixed effects modelling. RESULTS A two-compartment model with a transit absorption model, first-order elimination, and weight as an influential covariate on central volume of distribution and clearance best described the data. The model estimates (inter-individual variability) for a 70 kg subject were: apparent population clearance 7.7 (25%) l h-1 , and central and peripheral volumes of distribution 89 (10%) l and 234 (20%) l, respectively. Concentrations obtained from DBS samples were strongly linearly correlated (R2 = 0.97) with plasma concentrations, and on average 30% lower. CONCLUSION The model accurately depicts population pharmacokinetics of plasma and DBS concentrations over time for oral ivermectin. The proposed analytical workflow is scalable and applicable to the requirements of mass drug administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urs Duthaler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Suenderhauf
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mats O Karlsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janine Hussner
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Felix Hammann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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93
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Campagne O, Mager DE, Brazeau D, Venuto RC, Tornatore KM. The impact of tacrolimus exposure on extrarenal adverse effects in adult renal transplant recipients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:516-529. [PMID: 30414331 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Tacrolimus has been associated with notable extrarenal adverse effects (AEs), which are unpredictable and impact patient morbidity. The association between model-predicted tacrolimus exposure metrics and standardized extrarenal AEs in stable renal transplant recipients was investigated and a limited sampling strategy (LSS) was developed to predict steady-state tacrolimus area under the curve over a 12-h dosing period (AUCss,0-12h ). METHODS All recipients receiving tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid ≥6 months completed a 12-h cross-sectional observational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic study. Patients were evaluated for the presence of individual and composite gastrointestinal, neurological, and aesthetic AEs during the study visit. The associations between AEs and tacrolimus exposure metrics generated from a published population pharmacokinetic model were investigated using a logistic regression analysis in NONMEM 7.3. An LSS was determined using a Bayesian estimation method with the same patients. RESULTS Dose-normalized tacrolimus AUCss,0-12h and apparent clearance were independently associated with diarrhoea, dyspepsia, insomnia and neurological AE ratio. Dose-normalized tacrolimus maximum concentration was significantly correlated with skin changes and acne. No AE associations were found with trough concentrations. Using limited sampling at 0, 2h; 0, 1, 4h; and 0, 1, 2, 4h provided a precise and unbiased prediction of tacrolimus AUC (root mean squared prediction error < 10%), which was not well characterized using trough concentrations only (root mean squared prediction error >15%). CONCLUSIONS Several AEs (i.e. diarrhoea, dyspepsia, insomnia and neurological AE ratio) were associated with tacrolimus dose normalized AUCss,0-12h and clearance. Skin changes and acne were associated with dose-normalized maximum concentrations. To facilitate clinical implementation, a LSS was developed to predict AUCss,0-12h values using sparse patient data to efficiently assess projected immunosuppressive exposure and potentially minimize AE manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Campagne
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universités Paris Descartes-Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Donald E Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Brazeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Rocco C Venuto
- Erie County Medical Center, Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine: Nephrology Division; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen M Tornatore
- Erie County Medical Center, Division of Nephrology; Department of Medicine: Nephrology Division; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Immunosuppressive Pharmacology Research Program, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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94
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Leanza L, Checchetto V, Biasutto L, Rossa A, Costa R, Bachmann M, Zoratti M, Szabo I. Pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial ion channels. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4258-4283. [PMID: 30440086 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of mitochondrial ion channels has undergone a rapid development during the last three decades, due to the molecular identification of some of the channels residing in the outer and inner membranes. Relevant information about the function of these channels in physiological and pathological settings was gained thanks to genetic models for a few, mitochondria-specific channels. However, many ion channels have multiple localizations within the cell, hampering a clear-cut determination of their function by pharmacological means. The present review summarizes our current knowledge about the ins and outs of mitochondrial ion channels, with special focus on the channels that have received much attention in recent years, namely, the voltage-dependent anion channels, the permeability transition pore (also called mitochondrial megachannel), the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and some of the inner membrane-located potassium channels. In addition, possible strategies to overcome the difficulties of specifically targeting mitochondrial channels versus their counterparts active in other membranes are discussed, as well as the possibilities of modulating channel function by small peptides that compete for binding with protein interacting partners. Altogether, these promising tools along with large-scale chemical screenings set up to identify new, specific channel modulators will hopefully allow us to pinpoint the actual function of most mitochondrial ion channels in the near future and to pharmacologically affect important pathologies in which they are involved, such as neurodegeneration, ischaemic damage and cancer. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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95
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Fukuto JM. A recent history of nitroxyl chemistry, pharmacology and therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:135-146. [PMID: 29859009 PMCID: PMC6295406 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the excitement surrounding the discovery of NO as an endogenously generated signalling molecule, a number of other nitrogen oxides were also investigated as possible physiological mediators. Among these was nitroxyl (HNO). Over the past 25 years or so, a significant amount of work by this laboratory and many others has disclosed that HNO possesses unique chemical properties and important pharmacological utility. Indeed, the pharmacological potential for HNO as a treatment for heart failure, among other uses, has garnered this curious molecule a considerable amount of recent attention. This review summarizes the events that led to this recent attention as well as poses important questions that are still to be answered with regards to understanding the chemistry and biology of HNO. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of ChemistrySonoma State UniversityRohnert ParkCAUSA
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96
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Basudhar D, Bharadwaj G, Somasundaram V, Cheng RYS, Ridnour LA, Fujita M, Lockett SJ, Anderson SK, McVicar DW, Wink DA. Understanding the tumour micro-environment communication network from an NOS2/COX2 perspective. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:155-176. [PMID: 30152521 PMCID: PMC6295414 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that co-expression of NOS2 and COX2 is a strong prognostic indicator in triple-negative breast cancer patients. These two key inflammation-associated enzymes are responsible for the biosynthesis of NO and PGE2 , respectively, and can exert their effect in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. Impairment of their physiological regulation leads to critical changes in both intra-tumoural and intercellular communication with the immune system and their adaptation to the hypoxic tumour micro-environment. Recent studies have also established a key role of NOS2-COX2 in causing metabolic shift. This review provides an extensive overview of the role of NO and PGE2 in shaping communication between the tumour micro-environment composed of tumour and immune cells that in turn favours tumour progression and metastasis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Nitric Oxide 20 Years from the 1998 Nobel Prize. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Basudhar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - Gaurav Bharadwaj
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - Veena Somasundaram
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - Robert Y S Cheng
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - Lisa A Ridnour
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChiba‐kenJapan
| | - Stephen J Lockett
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. for the National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - Stephen K Anderson
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - Daniel W McVicar
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
| | - David A Wink
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMDUSA
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97
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Broad LM, Sanger HE, Mogg AJ, Colvin EM, Zwart R, Evans DA, Pasqui F, Sher E, Wishart GN, Barth VN, Felder CC, Goldsmith PJ. Identification and pharmacological profile of SPP1, a potent, functionally selective and brain penetrant agonist at muscarinic M 1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:110-126. [PMID: 30276808 PMCID: PMC6284335 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We aimed to identify and develop novel, selective muscarinic M1 receptor agonists as potential therapeutic agents for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer's disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We developed and utilized a novel M1 receptor occupancy assay to drive a structure activity relationship in a relevant brain region while simultaneously tracking drug levels in plasma and brain to optimize for central penetration. Functional activity was tracked in relevant native in vitro assays allowing translational (rat-human) benchmarking of structure-activity relationship molecules to clinical comparators. KEY RESULTS Using this paradigm, we identified a series of M1 receptor selective molecules displaying desirable in vitro and in vivo properties and optimized key features, such as central penetration while maintaining selectivity and a partial agonist profile. From these compounds, we selected spiropiperidine 1 (SPP1). In vitro, SPP1 is a potent, partial agonist of cortical and hippocampal M1 receptors with activity conserved across species. SPP1 displays high functional selectivity for M1 receptors over native M2 and M3 receptor anti-targets and over a panel of other targets. Assessment of central target engagement by receptor occupancy reveals SPP1 significantly and dose-dependently occupies rodent cortical M1 receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We report the discovery of SPP1, a novel, functionally selective, brain penetrant partial orthosteric agonist at M1 receptors, identified by a novel receptor occupancy assay. SPP1 is amenable to in vitro and in vivo study and provides a valuable research tool to further probe the role of M1 receptors in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Broad
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research CentreWindleshamSurreyUK
| | - Helen E Sanger
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research CentreWindleshamSurreyUK
| | - Adrian J Mogg
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research CentreWindleshamSurreyUK
| | - Ellen M Colvin
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research CentreWindleshamSurreyUK
| | - Ruud Zwart
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research CentreWindleshamSurreyUK
| | - David A Evans
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research CentreWindleshamSurreyUK
| | | | - Emanuele Sher
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research CentreWindleshamSurreyUK
| | | | - Vanessa N Barth
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate CenterIndianapolisINUSA
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98
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Sunwoo YE, Nguyen PTT, Chien CM, Ryu JY, Shon J, Shin JG. Effect of rifampin on enantioselective disposition and anti-hypertensive effect of benidipine. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 85:737-745. [PMID: 30589098 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In vitro study showed that benidipine is exclusively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. This study evaluated the effect of rifampin on the enantioselective disposition and anti-hypertensive effect of benidipine. METHODS Benidipine (8 mg) was administered to healthy subjects with or without repeated rifampin dosing, in a crossover design. Plasma concentrations of (S)-(S)-(+)-α and (R)-(R)-(-)-α isomers of benidipine and blood pressure were measured for up to 24 h after dosing. In addition, CYP3A metabolic capacity was evaluated in each subject using oral clearance of midazolam. RESULTS The exposure of (S)-(S)-(+)-α-benidipine was greater than that of (R)-(R)-(-)-α-benidipine by approximately three-fold following single dose of benidipine. Repeated doses of rifampin significantly decreased the exposure of both isomers. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) (95% CI) of Cmax and AUC∞ for (S)-(S)-(+)-α-benidipine were 0.14 (0.10-0.18) and 0.12 (0.08-0.18), respectively. GMRs (95% CI) of Cmax and AUC∞ for (R)-(R)-(-)-α-benidipine were 0.10 (0.06-0.17) and 0.10 (0.06-0.17), respectively. Oral clearances of both isomers were increased equally by approximately 10-fold. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular effect following benidipine administration between control and rifampin treatment. CYP3A activity using midazolam did not appear to correlate with oral clearance of benidipine. CONCLUSIONS After single administration of racemic benidipine, enantioselective disposition of (S)-(S)-(+)-α- and (R)-(R)-(-)-α-benidipine was observed. Treatments with rifampin significantly decreased the exposure of both isomers but appeared to marginally affect its blood pressure-lowering effect in healthy subjects. Impact of coadministration of rifampin on the treatment effects of benidipine should be assessed in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Eun Sunwoo
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Phuong Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam
| | - Chin May Chien
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihong Shon
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
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99
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Zhou X, Zhang R, Zou Z, Shen X, Xie T, Xu C, Dong J, Liao L. Hypoglycaemic effects of glimepiride in sulfonylurea receptor 1 deficient rat. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:478-490. [PMID: 30471094 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sulfonylureas (SUs) have been suggested to have an insulin-independent blood glucose-decreasing activity due to an extrapancreatic effect. However, a lack of adequate in vivo evidence makes this statement controversial. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether glimepiride has extrapancreatic blood glucose-lowering activity in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sulfonylurea receptor 1 deficient (SUR1-/- ) rats were created by means of transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN)-mediated gene targeting technology. Type 2 diabetic models were established by feeding a high-fat diet and administering a low-dose of streptozotocin. These rats were then randomly divided into four groups: glimepiride, gliclazide, metformin and saline. All rats were treated for 2 weeks. KEY RESULTS Glimepiride decreased blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity without elevating insulin levels. Gliclazide showed similar effects as glimepiride. Both agents were weaker than metformin. Further mechanistic investigations revealed that glimepiride increased hepatic glycogen synthesis and decreased gluconeogenesis, which were accompanied by the activation of Akt in the liver. Moreover, glimepiride increased both total and membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) levels in muscle and fat, which might be attributed to insulin receptor-independent IRS1/Akt activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Glimepiride possesses an extrapancreatic blood glucose-lowering effect in vivo, which might be attributed to its direct effect on insulin-sensitive tissues. Therefore, the combination of glimepiride with multiple insulin injections should not be excluded per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyue Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunmei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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100
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Yoest KE, Cummings JA, Becker JB. Oestradiol influences on dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens shell: sex differences and the role of selective oestradiol receptor subtypes. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:4136-4148. [PMID: 30381823 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Females are more sensitive than males to both the acute and prolonged effects of psychomotor stimulants. In females, this is regulated by oestradiol, which enhances dopamine release in the dorsal striatum. In this study, we tested the acute effect of oestradiol on dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell after cocaine administration and investigated which oestradiol receptors (ERs) contribute to sex differences in the response to cocaine. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The ability of oestradiol benzoate (EB) to acutely modulate the effect of cocaine on phasic dopamine release in the NAc shell was measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in anaesthetized male and female rats. The roles of ER subtypes, ERα and ERβ, was determined with selective agonists. KEY RESULTS EB acutely enhanced the effect of cocaine on stimulated dopamine release from the NAc shell in females but not in male rats only at levels of stimulation expected to optimally saturate dopamine transporters. Enhanced dopamine release after cocaine administration was also observed in females after selective activation of ERβ but not ERα. EB attenuated the effect of cocaine on NAc shell dopamine reuptake in males but not in females. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Oestradiol acutely and rapidly regulates dopamine release in females and dopamine reuptake in males. In females, oestradiol rapidly enhances the effect of cocaine on dopamine release, likely via activation of ERβ. The effect of oestradiol in males is not seen with selective receptor subtype activation, a topic deserving of further study. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Yoest
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jill B Becker
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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