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Afrose SS, Junaid M, Akter Y, Tania M, Zheng M, Khan MA. Targeting kinases with thymoquinone: a molecular approach to cancer therapeutics. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2294-2306. [PMID: 32721537 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Kinases are enzymes that are important for cellular functions, but their overexpression has strong connections with carcinogenesis, rendering them important targets for anticancer drugs. Thymoquinone (TQ) is a natural compound with proven anticancer activities, at least in preclinical studies. TQ can target several kinases, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), and tyrosine kinase in different cancer cells and animal models. Inhibiting the activity of kinases or suppressing their expression might be among the mechanisms of TQ anticancer activity. In this review, we discuss the role of TQ in kinase regulation in different cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Junaid
- Molecular Modeling Drug-design and Discovery Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mousumi Tania
- Division of Molecular Cancer, Red Green Research Center, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Meiling Zheng
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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52
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Li X, Yu S, Yang R, Wang Q, Liu X, Ma M, Li Y, Wu S. Identification of lncRNA-associated ceRNA network in high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastasis. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1175-1191. [PMID: 32462930 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To uncover a novel lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer metastasis. Material & methods: The candidate differentially expressed lncRNAs were obtained from RNA-sequencing data and determined by functional experiments. The downstream miRNAs and mRNAs were identified by bioinformatic prediction and subjected to functional enrichment analysis. Results: The expression levels of lncRNA ENTPD1-AS1/PRANCR/NR2F2-AS1 were reduced in omental metastatic tissues. Similar differential expression patterns of these lncRNAs were also found in lnCAR database and we verified their tumor suppressive roles by performing functional experiments. Furthermore, we predicted miRNAs and mRNAs via bioinformatic tools and validated their alteration in expression levels in presence of lncRNA interference. Conclusion: We proposed a potential ceRNA regulatory mechanism in high-grade serous ovarian cancer omental metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangnan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjun Ma
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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53
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Wu G, Long Y, Lu Y, Feng Y, Yang X, Xu X, Yao D. Kindlin‑2 suppresses cervical cancer cell migration through AKT/mTOR‑mediated autophagy induction. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:69-76. [PMID: 32377753 PMCID: PMC7251777 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Kindlin‑2 plays a carcinogenic or tumor‑suppressor role in various tumors. However, its role in cervical cancer remains unclear. In the present study, kindlin‑2 expression was first analyzed using public expression data and clinical specimens. It was revealed that kindlin‑2 was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues, and low expression of kindlin‑2 was associated with poor disease‑free survival. In addition, kindlin‑2 was overexpressed and knocked down in two cell lines to study its effect in cervical cancer cells. The results revealed that kindlin‑2 promoted cell autophagy and inactivated AKT/mTOR signaling. Rescue experiments indicated that the regulation of autophagy by kindlin‑2 was dependent on the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, it was revealed that kindlin‑2 inhibited cell migration, and autophagy was required for this process. Collectively, these findings revealed the role and mechanism of kindlin‑2 in the autophagy and migration of cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangteng Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ying Long
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Feng
- Guangxi Medical University Graduate School, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinmei Yang
- Guangxi Medical University Graduate School, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xun Xu
- Guangxi Medical University Graduate School, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
| | - Desheng Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, P.R. China
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54
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Zhang M, Du H, Wang L, Yue Y, Zhang P, Huang Z, Lv W, Ma J, Shao Q, Ma M, Liang X, Yang T, Wang W, Zeng J, Chen G, Wang X, Fan J. Thymoquinone suppresses invasion and metastasis in bladder cancer cells by reversing EMT through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 320:109022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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55
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Hu Y, Jin D, Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Cao H, Ma Y, Zhang W. Multiple roles of THY1 in gastric cancer based on data mining. Transl Cancer Res 2020; 9:2748-2757. [PMID: 35117633 PMCID: PMC8798632 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2020.02.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND THY1 (CD90) is a heavily N-glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored cell surface protein, which has been implicated in several cancers. But, the specific mechanism and function of the THY1 gene remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS To investigate the function of THY1 in GC and illustrate the potential mechanism, TCGA and FIREBROWSE were used to detect the THY1expression. GEPIA2 and Kaplan-Meier Plotter showed significant correlation among THY1 mRNA level, TNM stage and survival probability of GC patients. RESULTS THY1 was up-regulated apparently in GC in contrast to normal tissues and linked to TNM stage. GC patients with higher THY1 expression displayed lower overall survival (OS), first progression (FP) and post-progression survival (PPS). In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of THY1 suppressed proliferation, migration while increased autophagy level in GC cells. Immune factors may interact with THY1mRNA in GC and THY1 was found significantly linked with Tregs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that higher THY1 level is link to poor prognosis of GC patients. THY1may as well be used as a marker molecule for evaluating the tumor microenvironment status of GC patients and a target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 2310442, China
| | - Dongmei Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang 222042, China
| | - Yichan Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Isaev NK, Chetverikov NS, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Khaspekov LG, Illarioshkin SN. Thymoquinone as a Potential Neuroprotector in Acute and Chronic Forms of Cerebral Pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:167-176. [PMID: 32093593 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone is one of the main active components of the essential oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. Thymoquinone exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective action demonstrated in the models of brain ischemia/reperfusion, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and traumatic brain injury. The neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone is mediated via inhibition of lipid peroxidation, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevention of apoptosis through inhibition of caspases-3, -8, and -9. Thymoquinone-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are accumulated in the mitochondria and exhibit neuroprotective properties in nanomolar concentrations. Thymoquinone reduces the negative effects of acute and chronic forms of brain pathologies. The mechanisms of the pharmacological action of thymoquinone and its chemical derivatives require more comprehensive studying. In this paper, we formulated the prospects of application of thymoquinone and thymoquinone-based drugs in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - N S Chetverikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - E E Genrikhs
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - L G Khaspekov
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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57
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Zhou C, Lyu LH, Miao HK, Bahr T, Zhang QY, Liang T, Zhou HB, Chen GR, Bai Y. Redox regulation by SOD2 modulates colorectal cancer tumorigenesis through AMPK-mediated energy metabolism. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:545-556. [PMID: 32149414 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy. Many reports have implicated aberrant mitochondrial activity in the progression of CRC, with particular emphasis on the dysregulation of redox signaling and oxidative stress. In this study, we focused on manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD/SOD2), a key antioxidant enzyme, which maintains intracellular redox homeostasis. Current literature presents conflicting mechanisms for how SOD2 influences tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Here, we explored the role of SOD2 in CRC specifically. We found high levels of SOD2 expression in CRC tissues. We carried out a series of experiments to determine whether knockdown of SOD2 expression in CRC cell lines would reverse features of tumorigenesis. We found that reduced SOD2 expression decreased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion activity in CRC cells. Results from an additional series of experiments on mitochondrial function implicated a dual role for SOD2 in promoting CRC progression. First, proper level of SOD2 helped CRC cells maintain mitochondrial function by disposal of superoxide (O2 .- ). Second, over-expression of SOD2 induced H2 O2 -mediated tumorigenesis by upregulating AMPK and glycolysis. Our results indicate that SOD2 may promote the occurrence and development of CRC by regulating the energy metabolism mediated by AMPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Kai Miao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tyler Bahr
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Qiong-Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Huai-Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yidong Bai
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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58
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Lin JZ, Wang WW, Hu TT, Zhu GY, Li LN, Zhang CY, Xu Z, Yu HB, Wu HF, Zhu JG. FOXM1 contributes to docetaxel resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer by inducing AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Cancer Lett 2020; 469:481-489. [PMID: 31738958 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel-mediated chemotherapy is the first line therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients, but its therapeutic benefit is limited by the development of resistance. Although Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) has been implicated in prostate tumorigenesis and metastasis, its role in docetaxel resistance has not been studied. Here, we showed that FOXM1 expression was upregulated in the docetaxel resistant CRPC cell lines (PC3-DR and VCaP-DR) and knockdown of FOXM1 sensitized the cells to docetaxel both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, autophagy was found to be significantly enhanced in resistant cells. Moreover, FOXM1 overexpression cells showed increased autophagic flux and higher numbers of autophagosomes. Knockdown of ATG7, beclin-1 or cotreatment with chloroquine, partly restored sensitivity to docetaxel in the FOXM1-overexpressing cells. Mechanistically, FOXM1 targeted AMPK/mTOR to activate the autophagy pathway and altered docetaxel response in CRPC. These findings identify the role of FOXM1 as well as the mechanism underlying FOXM1 action in docetaxel sensitivity and may, therefore, aid in design of CRPC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhong Lin
- Department of Urology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China.
| | - Wei-Wan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Ting-Ting Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Gang-Yi Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Li-Nan Li
- Department of Oncology, Academy of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China
| | - Hong-Bo Yu
- Department of Urology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Hong-Fei Wu
- Department of Urology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Jia-Geng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210006, China.
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SETD2 mutation in renal clear cell carcinoma suppress autophagy via regulation of ATG12. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:69. [PMID: 31988284 PMCID: PMC6985262 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the SETD2 gene, encoding for a nonredundant histone H3 methyltransferase and regulator of transcription, is a frequent molecular feature in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC). SETD2 deficiency is associated with recurrence of ccRCC and bears low prognostic values. Targeting autophagy, a conserved catabolic process with critical functions in maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cell conservation under stress condition, is emerging as a potential therapeutic strategy to combat ccRCC. Epigenetics-based pathways are now appreciated as key components in the regulation of autophagy. However, whether loss of function in the SETD2 histone modifying enzyme occurring in ccRCC cells may impact on their ability to undergo autophagy remained to be explored. Here, we report that SETD2 deficiency in RCC cells is associated with the aberrant accumulation of both free ATG12 and of an additional ATG12-containing complex, distinct from the ATG5–ATG12 complex. Rescue of SETD2 functions in the SETD2 deficiency in RCC cells, or reduction of SETD2 expression level in RCC cells wild type for this enzyme, demonstrates that SETD2 deficiency in RCC is directly involved in the acquisition of these alterations in the autophagic process. Furthermore, we revealed that deficiency in SETD2, known regulator of alternative splicing, is associated with increased expression of a short ATG12 spliced isoform at the depend of the canonical long ATG12 isoform in RCC cells. The defect in the ATG12-dependent conjugation system was found to be associated with a decrease autophagic flux, in accord with the role for this ubiquitin-like protein conjugation system in autophagosome formation and expansion. Finally, we report that SETD2 and ATG12 gene expression levels are associated with favorable respective unfavorable prognosis in ccRCC patients. Collectively, our findings bring further argument for considering the SETD2 gene status of ccRCC tumors, when therapeutic interventions, such as targeting the autophagic process, are considered to combat these kidney cancers.
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Si Y, Wang J, Liu X, Zhou T, Xiang Y, Zhang T, Wang X, Feng T, Xu L, Yu Q, Zhao H, Liu Y. Ethoxysanguinarine, a Novel Direct Activator of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, Induces Autophagy and Exhibits Therapeutic Potential in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1503. [PMID: 31969821 PMCID: PMC6960228 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethoxysanguinarine (Eth) is a benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. It possesses antibacterial and antiviral activities and offers therapeutic benefits for the treatment of respiratory syndrome virus-induced cytopathic effects. However, the effect of Eth on human tumors and its pharmacological effects remain to be elucidated, together with its cellular target. Here, we examined the effects of Eth on breast cancer (BC) cells. We found that at low doses, Eth strongly inhibited the viability of BC cell lines and induced autophagy. Mechanistic studies showed that Eth induced autophagy by upregulating the activity of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The AMPK inhibitor compound C significantly attenuated Eth-induced autophagy and inhibited proliferation. Meanwhile, the AMPK activator metformin significantly enhanced Eth-induced autophagy and inhibited proliferation. Computational docking and affinity assays showed that Eth directly interacted with the allosteric drug and metabolite site of AMPK to stabilize its activation. AMPK was less activated in tumor samples compared to normal breast tissues and was inversely associated with the prognosis of the patients. Moreover, Eth exhibited potent anti-BC activity in nude mice and favorable pharmacokinetics in rats. These characteristics render Eth as a promising candidate drug for further development and for designing new effective AMPK activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Si
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jiu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xuewen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yuchen Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianhui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huzi Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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61
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Ashrafizadeh M, Ahmadi Z, Mohammadinejad R, Kaviyani N, Tavakol S. Monoterpenes modulating autophagy: A review study. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 126:9-20. [PMID: 31237736 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
From the beginning of the 21st century, much attention has been made towards the medicinal herbs due to their low side effects and valuable biological activities. Among them, terpenes comprise a large group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that are considered as main components of flavours, antifeedants and pheromones. Monoterpenes have demonstrated a favourable profile as compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anti-tumour activities. On the other hand, autophagy is a 'self-digestion' mechanism which plays a remarkable role in a number of pathological conditions such as cancer, ageing, metabolic disorders and infection. Also, autophagy is considered as a stress adaptor that may lead to apoptotic cell death under severe and sustained stress. Autophagy modulation is a promising strategy in cancer treatment, and a variety of drugs have been designed in line with this strategy. In the present MiniReview, we discuss the effects of monoterpenes on autophagy and its relationship with therapeutic impacts of monoterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- NanoBioEletrochemistry Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasim Kaviyani
- Department of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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A multiple endpoint approach reveals potential in vitro anticancer properties of thymoquinone in human renal carcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:111076. [PMID: 31883990 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a monoterpene isolated from the oil of Nigella sativa seeds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects induced by TQ and its impact on the migration and invasion potential of 786-O human renal cancer cells. These cells were exposed to TQ (1-100 μM) for 24 and 48 h and cell viability assessed using the Crystal Violet and MTS assays. TQ treatment clearly decreased cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. TQ exposure moderately increased intracellular ROS levels and co-incubation with reduced glutathione markedly increased cell viability. Moreover, the effect of TQ in the cell cycle distribution was evaluated using flow cytometry, and an increase in the sub-G1 population was observed, especially at 30 μM, along with an increase in the % of apoptotic cells. TQ did not show genotoxic effects at a non-cytotoxic concentration (1.0 μM). At this concentration level, TQ significantly decreased the collective migration of 786-O cells, whereas it had no effect in chemotactic migration. TQ also decreased the invasiveness potential of 786-O cells, as evaluated by the transwell invasion assay. Overall, these results suggest that TQ presents an anticancer potential in the context of renal cancer, warranting further investigation.
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Xu Z, Han X, Ou D, Liu T, Li Z, Jiang G, Liu J, Zhang J. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy for tumor therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:575-587. [PMID: 31832711 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and participates in a variety of cellular biological activities. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as a critical regulator of autophagy, is involved in the initiation and promotion of a series of pathological disorders including various tumors. Autophagy also participates in regulating the balance between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment. Natural products have been considered a treasure of new drug discoveries and are of great value to medicine. Mounting evidence has suggested that numerous natural products are targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy, thereby suppressing tumor growth. Furthermore, autophagy plays a "double-edged sword" role in different tumors. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy is an important therapeutic strategy for a variety of tumors, and plays important roles in enhancing the chemosensitivity of tumor cells and avoiding drug resistance. Therefore, we summarized the roles of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance of tumors, which may be utilized to design preferably therapeutic strategies for various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenru Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daming Ou
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zunxiong Li
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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64
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Gao Y, Qi JC, Li X, Sun JP, Ji H, Li QH. Decreased expression of TXNIP predicts poor prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:763-770. [PMID: 31897192 PMCID: PMC6924160 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant tumors and functions as a tumor suppressor. However, the association between TXNIP and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of TXNIP in CCRCC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical data were collected from TCGA database. The association between TXNIP and patient clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed using analysis of variance and logistic regression. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the association between TXNIP and overall survival. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the associated signaling pathways. TXNIP expression was identified to be decreased in CCRCC tissues compared with normal tissues. The decreased expression of TXNIP in CCRCC was significantly associated with clinical stage [OR=0.509 for III vs. I (P=0.002); OR=0.527 for IV vs. I (P=0.012)], T stage [OR=0.552 for T3 vs. T1 (P=0.002)] and grade [OR=0.261 for G4 vs. G1 (P=0.027)]. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that cases of CCRCC with low TXNIP expression were associated with poorer prognoses compared with those with a high expression level (P=0.002). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses indicated that TXNIP was an independent prognostic factor in CCRCC. GSEA revealed that 6 pathways exhibited significant differential enrichment in the TXNIP high-expression phenotype, including the WNT signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, autophagy and the Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling pathway. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that TXNIP expression may be a potential prognostic marker for patients with CCRCC. In addition, the WNT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol signaling system, TGF-β signaling pathway, autophagy and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway may be the crucial pathways regulated by TXNIP in CCRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Chun Qi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Huai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
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65
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Liou YF, Chen PN, Chu SC, Kao SH, Chang YZ, Hsieh YS, Chang HR. Thymoquinone suppresses the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species-induced apoptosis and reduces cell stemness. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:1208-1220. [PMID: 31298468 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone is a phytochemical compound isolated from Nigella sativa and has various biological effects, including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and anticancer. Here, we further investigated the anticancer effects and associated molecular mechanism of 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone (thymoquinone) on human renal carcinoma cell lines 786-O and 786-O-SI3 and transitional carcinoma cell line BFTC-909. Results showed that thymoquinone significantly reduced cell viability, inhibited the colony formation of renal cancer cells, and induced cell apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential change in both cancer cells. In addition, thymoquinone also triggered the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide and the activation of apoptotic and autophagic cascade. ROS inhibition suppressed the caspase-3 activation and restored the decreased cell viability of 786-O-SI3 in response to thymoquinone. Autophagy inhibition did not restore the cell viability of 786-O-SI3 suppressed by thymoquinone. Moreover, thymoquinone suppressed the cell sphere formation and the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase, Nanog, Nestin, CD44, and Oct-4 in 786-O-SI3 cells. The tumor-bearing model showed that thymoquinone in vivo inhibited the growth of implanted 786-O-SI3 cell. All these findings indicate that thymoquinone inhibits the proliferation of 786-O-SI3 and BFTC-909 cell possibly due to the induction of ROS/superoxide and the consequent apoptosis, suggesting that thymoquinone may be a potential anticancer supplement for genitourinary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Farng Liou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Feng Yuan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ni Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chu
- Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Sciences and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Zin Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shou Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Rong Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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66
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Cudraxanthone D Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Autophagy Inhibition in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:5213028. [PMID: 31781271 PMCID: PMC6874991 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5213028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cudraxanthone D (CD), derived from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata, is a natural xanthone compound. However, the biological activity of CD in terms of human metabolism has been barely reported to date. Autophagy is known as a self-degradation process related to cancer cell viability and metastasis. Herein, we investigated the effects of CD on human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) metastatic related cell phenotype. We confirmed that CD effectively decreased proliferation and viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner in human OSCC cells. In addition, OSCC cell migration, invasion, and EMT were inhibited by CD. To further determine the underlying mechanism of CD's inhibition of cell metastatic potential, we established the relationship between EMT and autophagy in OSCC cells. Thus, our findings indicated that CD inhibited the potential metastatic abilities of OSCC cells by attenuating autophagy.
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67
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Jung M, Lee JH, Lee C, Park JH, Park YR, Moon KC. Prognostic Implication of pAMPK Immunohistochemical Staining by Subcellular Location and Its Association with SMAD Protein Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101602. [PMID: 31640193 PMCID: PMC6826619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cytoplasmic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been known as a tumor-suppressor protein, nuclear AMPK is suggested to support clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In addition, pAMPK interacts with TGF-β/SMAD, which is one of the frequently altered pathways in ccRCC. In this study, we investigated the prognostic significance of pAMPK with respect to subcellular location and investigated its interaction with TGF-β/SMAD in ccRCC. Immunohistochemical staining for pAMPK, pSMAD2 and SMAD4 was conducted on tissue microarray of 987 ccRCC specimens. Moreover, the levels of pSMAD2 were measured in Caki-1 cells treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide. The relationship between AMPK/pAMPK and TGFB1 expression was determined using the TCGA database. As a result, pAMPK positivity, either in the cytoplasm or nuclei, was independently associated with improved ccRCC prognosis, after adjusting for TNM stage and WHO grade. Furthermore, pAMPK-positive ccRCC displayed increased pSMAD2 and SMAD4 expression, while activation of pAMPK increased pSMAD2 in Caki-1 cells. However, AMPK/pAMPK expression was inversely correlated with TGFB1 expression in the TCGA database. Therefore, pAMPK immunostaining, both in the cytoplasm and nuclei, is a useful prognostic biomarker for ccRCC. pAMPK targets TGF-β-independent phosphorylation of SMAD2 and activates pSMAD2/SMAD4, representing a novel anti-tumoral mechanism of pAMPK in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea.
| | - Yu Rang Park
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kyung Chul Moon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
- Kidney Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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68
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Inhibition of Galectin-3 Alleviates Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Autophagy and Dysfunction in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7252943. [PMID: 31737173 PMCID: PMC6815545 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7252943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have the potential to repair damaged blood vessels and promote angiogenesis. Smoking, an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is associated with impaired functions of EPCs. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on autophagy and dysfunction of EPCs and the involvement of galectin-3 in its effects. EPCs were treated with 8% CSE for 24 h (without affecting cell viability). EPC functions were assessed by tube formation and migration capacity and intracellular ROS and eNOS expression. Autophagy was assessed by autophagic protein expression by Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy and autophagosome accumulation by transmission electron microscopy. Galectin-3 expression was measured by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy, while phospho-AMPK and phospho-mTOR were measured by Western blotting. EPCs were transfected by shRNA-Gal-3 or shRNA-NC before treatment with CSE to examine the effects of galectin-3 on CSE-induced autophagy and dysfunction of EPCs. CSE-treated EPCs showed decreased tube formation and migration ability and eNOS expression but increased oxidative stress. CSE also induced autophagy which was characterized by a decrease in p62 protein, an increase in LC3B-II/I ratio, and accumulation of autophagosomes. CSE upregulated galectin-3 expression on EPCs. Inhibition of galectin-3 abrogated CSE-induced autophagy and dysfunction of EPCs. CSE activated phospho-AMPK and inhibited phospho-mTOR, and inhibition of galectin-3 abolished CSE's effect on activating phospho-AMPK and inhibiting phospho-mTOR. In conclusion, our results suggest that galectin-3 mediates CSE-induced EPC autophagy and dysfunction, likely via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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69
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Yuan Y, Li X, Xu Y, Zhao H, Su Z, Lai D, Yang W, Chen S, He Y, Li X, Liu L, Xu G. Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 promotes autophagy flux to suppress the development of clear cell renal cell carcinomas. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3533-3542. [PMID: 31489722 PMCID: PMC6825007 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system. Surgical intervention is the preferred treatment for ccRCC, but targeted biological therapy is required for postoperative recurrent or metastatic ccRCC. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system for misfolded/aggregated proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Defective autophagy is associated with many diseases. Mul1 is a mitochondrion-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase and involved in the regulation of divergent pathophysiological processes such as mitochondrial dynamics, and thus affects the development of various diseases including cancers. Whether Mul1 regulates ccRCC development and what is the mechanism remain unclear. Histochemical staining and immunoblotting were used to analyze the levels of Mul1 protein in human renal tissues. Statistical analysis of information associated with tissue microarray and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was conducted to show the relationship between Mul1 expression and clinical features and survival of ccRCC patients. Impact of Mul1 on rates of cell growth and migration and autophagy flux were tested in cultured cancer cells. Herein we show that Mul1 promoted autophagy flux to facilitate the degradation of P62-associated protein aggresomes and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP)-associated lipid droplets and suppressed the growth and migration of ccRCC cells. Levels of Mul1 protein and mRNA were significantly reduced so that autophagy flux was likely blocked in ccRCC tissues, which is potentially correlated with enhancement of malignancy of ccRCC and impairment of patient survival. Therefore, Mul1 may promote autophagy to suppress the development of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoji Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Su
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dehui Lai
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangxing Chen
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhong He
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for the Innovation and Translation of Minimally Invasive Techniques, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyuan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Guibin Xu
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Center for the Innovation and Translation of Minimally Invasive Techniques, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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70
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Yimer EM, Tuem KB, Karim A, Ur-Rehman N, Anwar F. Nigella sativa L. (Black Cumin): A Promising Natural Remedy for Wide Range of Illnesses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:1528635. [PMID: 31214267 PMCID: PMC6535880 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1528635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The seed of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) has been used in different civilization around the world for centuries to treat various animal and human ailments. So far, numerous studies demonstrated the seed of Nigella sativa and its main active constituent, thymoquinone, to be medicinally very effective against various illnesses including different chronic illness: neurological and mental illness, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes, inflammatory conditions, and infertility as well as various infectious diseases due to bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. In spite of limited studies conducted so far, the promising efficacy of N. sativa against HIV/AIDS can be explored as an alternative option for the treatment of this pandemic disease after substantiating its full therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the strong antioxidant property of this valued seed has recently gained increasing attention with regard to its potential role as dietary supplement with minimal side effects. Besides, when combined with different conventional chemotherapeutic agents, it synergizes their effects resulting in reducing the dosage of concomitantly used drugs with optimized efficacy and least and/or no toxicity. A number of pharmaceutical and biological properties have been ascribed to seeds of N. sativa. The present review focuses on the profile of high-value components along with traditional medicinal and biological principles of N. sativa seed and its oil so as to explore functional food and nutraceutical potential of this valued herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim M. Yimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Kald Beshir Tuem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Karim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
| | - Najeeb Ur-Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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71
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Zhu H, Gan X, Jiang X, Diao S, Wu H, Hu J. ALKBH5 inhibited autophagy of epithelial ovarian cancer through miR-7 and BCL-2. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:163. [PMID: 30987661 PMCID: PMC6463658 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ALKBH5 regulated the malignant behavior of breast cancer and glioblastoma. However, the expression and function of ALKBH5 in epithelial ovarian cancer have not yet been determined. In the present study, we investigated the expression and function of ALKBH5 in epithelial ovarian cancer with respect to its potential role in the tumorigenesis of the disease as well as an early diagnostic marker. Methods Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to detect protein expression. Gene silencing and over-expression experiment were used to study gene function. Cell proliferation assay and Matrigel invasion assays were used to detect cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. The nude mouse tumor formation experiment was used to evaluate the growth of cells in vivo. Results The expression of ALKBH5 was found to be increased in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue as compared to the normal ovarian tissues. The silencing of ALKBH5 in SKOV3 cells enhanced the autophagy and inhibited the proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo, whereas the ectopic expression of ALKBH5 in A2780 cells exerted an opposite effect. Mechanical study revealed that ALKBH5 physically interacted with HuR. ALKBH5 activated EGFR-PIK3CA-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway. Also, ALKBH5 enhanced the stability of BCL-2 mRNA and promoted the interaction between Bcl-2 and Beclin1. Conclusion Overall, the present study identified ALKBH5 as a candidate oncogene in epithelial ovarian cancer and a potential target for ovarian cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1159-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, No. 76, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaoling Gan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, No. 76, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xingwei Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, No. 76, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shuai Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, No. 76, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, No. 76, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Linjiang Road, No. 76, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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72
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Yang Y, Zhu G, Dong B, Piao J, Chen L, Lin Z. The NQO1/PKLR axis promotes lymph node metastasis and breast cancer progression by modulating glycolytic reprogramming. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:170-183. [PMID: 30954648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of NQO1 is associated with poor prognosis in human cancers including lung, stomach, colon, cervical, and pancreatic cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protumorigenic capacities of NQO1 have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated this question and determined the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of NQO1 in glycolysis reprogramming, proliferation, and metastasis breast cancer (BC) cells. The results indicated that NQO1 overexpression in BC cells raises glucose metabolism and metastasis related behaviors. Mechanistically, NQO1 bound to PKLR, activated the AMPK and AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and consequently induced glycolytic reprogramming. In addition, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) or 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) influenced proliferation and regulated the expression of genes involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by restraining glycolytic reprogramming. Finally, overexpression of NQO1 and PKLR in human BC tissues was remarkably related to lymph node (LN) metastasis and poor prognosis. Together, these results demonstrate that the NQO1/PKLR axis can promote the progression of BC by modulating glycolytic reprogramming and suggest that targeting NQO1 and its downstream effectors are promising therapeutic targets for preventing the BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China
| | - Liyan Chen
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology & Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, 133002, China.
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73
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Zhang Y, Fan Y, Huang S, Wang G, Han R, Lei F, Luo A, Jing X, Zhao L, Gu S, Zhao X. Thymoquinone inhibits the metastasis of renal cell cancer cells by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3865-3873. [PMID: 30259603 PMCID: PMC6272120 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ, 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquinone), a bioactive constituent extracted from the seeds of Nigella sativa, has been proved to exert anti-tumor efficiency in various cancers. Autophagy is a self-digestion phenomenon, and its role in tumor formation and progression remains controversial. In the present study, we investigated the effects of TQ on renal cell cancer (RCC) cell lines (786-O and ACHN) using wound healing assay, transwell assay and western blot analysis. We found that TQ effectively inhibited the metastatic capacity of RCC cells in vitro, which was also verified in a xenograft model. Meanwhile, we observed LC3 puncta and detected the expression of LC3 in TQ-treated RCC cells, and then found that autophagy was induced by TQ in 786-O and ACHN cell lines. In addition, TQ inhibited the migration and invasion as well as the EMT in RCC cells in an autophagy-dependent manner. To further explore the underlying mechanism, we detected the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. The results indicated that TQ inhibited the metastasis of RCC cells by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings provide a novel therapeutic strategy that aims at TQ-induced autophagy in RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yizeng Fan
- Department of Urologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shangke Huang
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Guanying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fuxi Lei
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Anqi Luo
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xin Jing
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- Department of College of Forensic MedicineXi'an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi'anChina
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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