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Urabe F, Matsuzaki J, Takeshita F, Kishida T, Ochiya T, Hirai K. Independent verification of circulating miRNA as diagnostic biomarkers for urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3510-3517. [PMID: 35848873 PMCID: PMC9530882 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is an umbrella term for bladder cancers (BCa) and upper‐tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), with BCa and UTUC sometimes detected concomitantly. The methods of detection for UC are often inaccurate or highly invasive, and, therefore, are thought to be unsatisfactory. Previously, we reported seven serum miRNAs as diagnostic markers for BCa. Here, we re‐evaluated potential diagnostic miRNAs in different institutions. We prospectively analyzed serum samples obtained from 126 UC patients (BCa: 106 samples; UTUC: 14 samples; UTUC with BCa: six samples) and 50 noncancer controls by microarray analysis. We randomly assigned these samples into a training or a validation set. Biomarker candidate miRNAs were selected based on cross‐validation scores in the training set of samples, with diagnostic power confirmed in the validation set. Among the diagnostic miRNAs identified in this way, miR‐1343‐5p and miR‐6087 had been identified as potential diagnostic miRNAs in our previous study. In addition, we evaluated the association between the serum levels of identified miRNAs and the presence of UC risk conditions. The expression levels of several miRNAs correlate with the risk factors in participants without UC, which may be explained by the presence of a microscopic tumor or a precancerous lesion. In conclusion, we identified two robust miRNA diagnostic markers for UC detection. Further functional analysis is required to elucidate the mechanism by which alterations in the expression of these miRNAs occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Urabe
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapeutics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Department of Functional Analysis, FIOC, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kishida
- Department of Urology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hirai
- Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Kanagawa, Japan
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Li S, Chen X, Zheng J, Liu X. Reduced Preoperative Glomerular Filtration Rate Is Associated With Adverse Postoperative Oncological Prognosis in Patients Undergoing Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Surg 2022; 9:872273. [PMID: 35548184 PMCID: PMC9082599 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.872273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between perioperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and postoperative oncological outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU),and to evaluate the effect of sex on this association. Methods The medical records of patients with UTUC who underwent RNU between January 2012 and December 2017 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into three groups based on preoperative eGFRs: normal eGFR (>60 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 179), moderately reduced eGFR (45-60 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 45), and severely reduced eGFR (≤ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 36). Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic impact of preoperative eGFR on prognosis. Results Patient mean age was 66.7 ± 9.6 years, and 47.9% were female. Multivariate regression analysis based on Cox proportional risk models and Kaplan-Meier survival rates showed that lower preoperative eGFR was associated with decreased OS, PFS, and CSS. In the adjusted Cox regression model, patients with normal and moderately reduced eGFRs had a decreased hazard for mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios of 0.13 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.07-0.26] and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.18-0.73), respectively (P < 0.001). The smooth fitting curve suggested a linear relationship between eGFR and prognostic survival. Additionally, sensitivity subgroup analyses verified an inverse relationship between the reduced eGFR and OS. Women had a lower eGFR and worse oncological outcomes than men. A nomogram for OS was developed based on multivariate analysis with a C-index of 0.754 (95% CI: 0.728-0.779). Conclusion Preoperative renal insufficiency is strongly associated with a higher risk of cancer progression and a lower survival probability. It is important to identify preoperative renal insufficiency in patients with UTUC, particularly female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gypenoside-Induced Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Bladder Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9304552. [PMID: 35402614 PMCID: PMC8984741 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9304552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (G. pentaphyllum) is a natural herbal drug that has been widely used to treat many diseases. The antitumor effects of G. pentaphyllum were first described in the illustrated catalog of plants. Gypenosides are the major active components of G. pentaphyllum, and they have been widely reported to possess antitumor effects in prostate cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, lung cancer, and breast cancer. However, research on the use of gypenoside in the treatment of bladder cancer has not been conducted. In this study, we explored the potential molecular mechanisms of gypenosides in the treatment of bladder cancer using network pharmacology and experimental validation. First, we used a network pharmacology-based method to identify both the effective components of gypenosides and the molecular mechanism underlying their antibladder cancer effects. The results were further confirmed by molecular docking, CCK8 and colony formation assays, and cell cycle and cell apoptosis analyses. Additionally, a mouse xenograft model of bladder cancer was used to investigate the antitumor effect of gypenosides in vivo. We identified 10 bioactive ingredients and 163 gene targets of gypenosides. Network exploration suggested that VEGFA, STAT3, and PI3KCA may be candidate agents for the antibladder cancer effect of gypenosides. In addition, analysis of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway revealed that the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway may play a crucial role in the mechanism of action of gypenosides against bladder cancer. Molecular docking revealed that gypenosides combine well with PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. As expected, gypenosides displayed apoptosis-inducing properties in bladder cancer cells by inactivating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, gypenosides significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the growth of bladder cancer cells in vivo. Mechanistically, gypenosides induced the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via inactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Szklener K, Chmiel P, Michalski A, Mańdziuk S. New Directions and Challenges in Targeted Therapies of Advanced Bladder Cancer: The Role of FGFR Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061416. [PMID: 35326568 PMCID: PMC8946699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this study was to present and analyze the up-to-date literature describing the epidemiology, genetics, and histopathology of bladder cancer, as well as the latest methods of bladder cancer treatment. The treatment of urothelial cancer was divided depending on its stage and advancement. FGFR3 mutations and overexpression occur more frequently in bladder cancer than any other malignancy, occurring in nearly 80% of the tumors. Closer acknowledgement of targeted therapy will help physicians to navigate specific groups of patients for whom this treatment strategy can be beneficial. To that end, intense clinical research was conducted, bringing evidence for effectiveness and safety of FGFR inhibitors. Recent years of research have truly set a positive perspective for the better understanding of the complex issue of urothelial carcinoma pathology and management. Abstract Bladder neoplasms, including the most common urothelial carcinoma, have been an escalating problem for years, especially in highly developed countries. Recent decades have brought us a steadily growing share of this cancer in terms of both morbidity and mortality statistics. Bladder neoplasms are not only a therapeutic challenge but also an economical one due to the demanding, costly diagnostics and treatment. The treatment of urothelial cancer can be divided depending on the stage and advancement; thus, we can distinguish three main categories: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, conventionally treated by surgical interventions; muscle invasive bladder cancer, conventionally treated with chemotherapeutics; and advanced bladder cancer with distant metastases, conventionally treated with the intensive chemotherapy in the MVAC scheme (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin). Recent years have brought a breakthrough: immunotherapy and targeted therapy were discovered to be beneficial for patients disqualified from chemotherapy or patients who progressed despite treatment. This literature review summarizes the latest research into the use of targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced bladder cancer, its benefits, and its limitations.
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Soe MZ, Bong CP, Thevarajah S, Teah KM, Yeap BT. A rare occurrence of a metastatic urothelial carcinoma to the thoracic vertebra: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 74:103297. [PMID: 35127072 PMCID: PMC8802879 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common urinary tract malignancy that predominantly affect the urinary bladder with a low recurrence rate after surgical removal. It usually metastasizes to the lungs, regional lymph nodes, and liver. However, it rarely spread to the thoracic spine and bones, especially in the Asian populations. Case presentation A 50-years-old Asian man, with a one-year history of surgically resected UC, presented to us with a complaint of worsening upper back pain for three months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a destructed second thoracic (T2) vertebra with lytic lesion. A thoracic vertebrectomy was performed and histopathological examination (HPE) showed high-grade infiltrating metastatic malignant UC. Postoperatively, he was well and did not have any back pain. He was followed up under combined spine and oncology clinic regularly and was planned for chemoradiotherapy. Discussion UC commonly metastasizes to the lungs, liver, and lymph nodes. In young Asians, thoracic spinal metastases are rare. Urgent palliative spinal surgery is indicated to prevent further deterioration of function. Intraoperative usage of targeted controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil and propofol as maintenance of anaesthesia are gold standard in assisting spine surgeons who are guided by neuromuscular monitoring. Conclusion Spinal metastasis to the thoracic vertebra is rare among young Asian men. Patients presented with acute neurological deficits and back pain are indicated for spinal surgery. Multidisciplinary approach is needed for management of patients with spinal metastasis. Targeted controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil and propofol are gold standard for maintenance of anaesthesia for spine surgeries which are guided by somatosensory, and motor evoked potential monitoring. Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common urinary tract malignancy. Metastatic spread of UC to the thoracic vertebra is extremely rare among Asian men. Patients presented with acute neurological deficits are indicated for palliative spinal surgery. Judicious anaesthetic and surgical preparations are needed to avoid severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zaw Soe
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Chin Pei Bong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, 88350, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Shankaran Thevarajah
- Department of Urology, Hospital Queen Elizabeth, 88350, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kai Ming Teah
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Boon Tat Yeap
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Corresponding author.
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Sha H, Gan Y, Xu F, Zhu Y, Zou R, Peng W, Wu Z, Ma R, Wu J, Feng J. MicroRNA-381 in human cancer: Its involvement in tumour biology and clinical applications potential. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:977-989. [PMID: 35014178 PMCID: PMC8831973 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in the development and progression of a wide range of cancers. Among such cancer‐associated miRNAs, miR‐381 has been a major focus of research. The expression pattern and role of miR‐381 vary among different cancer types. MiR‐381 modulates various cellular behaviours in cancer, including proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion. MiR‐381 is also involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, as well as in the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. MiR‐381 itself is regulated by several factors, such as long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs and cytokines. Aberrant expression of miR‐381 in blood samples indicates that it can be used as a diagnostic marker in cancer. Tissue miR‐381 expression may serve as a prognostic factor for the clinicopathological characteristics of cancers and survival of patients. Metformin and icaritin regulate miR‐381 expression and present anticancer properties. This review comprehensively summarizes the effect of miR‐381 on tumour biological behaviours, as well as the clinical application potential of miR‐381 for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sha
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujie Gan
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renrui Zou
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiya Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Fucosylation in Urological Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413333. [PMID: 34948129 PMCID: PMC8708646 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucosylation is an oligosaccharide modification that plays an important role in immune response and malignancy, and specific fucosyltransferases (FUTs) catalyze the three types of fucosylations: core-type, Lewis type, and H type. FUTs regulate cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and resistance to chemotherapy by modifying the glycosylation of signaling receptors. Oligosaccharides on PD-1/PD-L1 proteins are specifically fucosylated, leading to functional modifications. Expression of FUTs is upregulated in renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer. Aberrant fucosylation in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) could be used as a novel biomarker for prostate cancer. Furthermore, elucidation of the biological function of fucosylation could result in the development of novel therapeutic targets. Further studies are needed in the field of fucosylation glycobiology in urological malignancies.
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Ethipatogenetic Study of Urothelial Carcinomas in the Urology Clinic of the County Clinical Hospital of Constanta. ARS MEDICA TOMITANA 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/arsm-2021-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system, urothelial carcinoma of the upper tract is a rare subgroup of urothelial cancers with poor prognosis, being the most common histological type of bladder cancer (approximately 90%), manifesting as invasion of the basal membrane (or deeper) by neoplastic cells of urothelial origin.
This type of carcinoma is more common in men than women, with a male to female ratio of 2:1, with men being 3 to 4 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than women.
The present study is a retrospective study including 174 patients in the Urology Clinic of Constanta County St. Apostle Andrew Emergency Hospital in the period 2016-2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A and Group B. Group A includes patients with anatomopathologically confirmed diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma, while in Group B are patients who do not present a diagnosis of urothelial carcinomas.
In this study the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence of urothelial carcinomas was compared in order to draw conclusions on the occurrence and development of these types of neoplasms.
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Hsu FS, Lin WC, Kuo KL, Chiu YL, Hsu CH, Liao SM, Dong JR, Liu SH, Chang SC, Yang SP, Chen YT, Chang RJ, Huang KH. PR-619, a General Inhibitor of Deubiquitylating Enzymes, Diminishes Cisplatin Resistance in Urothelial Carcinoma Cells through the Suppression of c-Myc: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11706. [PMID: 34769137 PMCID: PMC8584183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC). Most patients experience chemoresistance, the primary cause of treatment failure, which leads to disease relapse. The underlying mechanism of chemoresistance involves reduced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of the deubiquitylating enzyme inhibitor PR-619 in cisplatin-resistant bladder UC. Deubiquitinase (ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14) and USP21) immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that deubiquitination is related to chemoresistance in patients with metastatic UC and may be a target for overcoming chemoresistance. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry and a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium assay, and PR-619 was found to enhance the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant T24/R cells. Mitigated cisplatin chemoresistance was associated with the concurrent suppression of c-Myc expression in T24/R cells. Moreover, the expression of c-Myc was upregulated in human bladder UC specimens from patients with chemoresistance. Experiments in a xenograft nude mouse model confirmed that PR-619 enhanced the antitumor effects of cisplatin. These results are promising for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent UC chemoresistance through the combined use of chemotherapeutic agents/deubiquitination inhibitors (PR-619) by targeting the c-Myc pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (F.-S.H.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Urology, YangMing Branch of Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 111, Taiwan
- Department of Food and Beverage Management, Vanung University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Wei-Chou Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Lin Kuo
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (F.-S.H.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Hsu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Shih-Ming Liao
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Jun-Ren Dong
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Chen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Ping Yang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Yueh-Tang Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Ruei-Je Chang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
| | - Kuo-How Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (F.-S.H.); (Y.-L.C.)
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (K.-L.K.); (C.-H.H.); (S.-M.L.); (J.-R.D.); (S.-P.Y.); (Y.-T.C.); (R.-J.C.)
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Lin MY, Niu SW, Li WM, Lee HL, Chen LT, Wu WJ, Hwang SJ. Incidence and survival variations of upper tract urothelial cancer in Taiwan (2001-2010). Int J Urol 2021; 29:121-127. [PMID: 34708447 PMCID: PMC9298349 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To assess temporal patterns and regional differences in the incidence rate, and factors associated with survival of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Methods The medical records of 8830 patients with new diagnoses of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in the years 2001–2010 were retrieved from Taiwan National databases. Temporal trends, regional disparity and related survival factors were evaluated using the Cochran–Armitage trend test, local Moran’s I statistic and log‐rank test, respectively. Results The annual urinary tract urothelial carcinoma incidence rates (standardized by age) were steady at approximately 3.14–3.41 per 100 000 person‐years. Notably, women had a significantly higher annual urinary tract urothelial carcinoma incidence than men in most of the years studied (range of female‐to‐male annual standardized rate ratio: 2.08–3.25), and diabetes prevalence in urinary tract urothelial carcinoma increased significantly from 12.3% to 23.4% per year over the 10 years. High urinary tract urothelial carcinoma incidence cluster areas other than the latest endemic area of “blackfoot disease” were newly identified by local Moran’s I statistic (P < 0.05). Furthermore, older age, male sex, end‐stage kidney disease and more advanced tumor grade were associated with lower 5‐year overall survival probabilities in the 2001–2015 cohort. Conclusions The incidence and survival of urinary tract urothelial carcinoma over the decade 2001–2010 were different according to population and regional features. Various urinary tract urothelial carcinoma screening, prevention, treatment and care plans should be developed depending on age, sex, comorbidity and area of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yen Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Lan Lee
- Cancer Center, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Jyh Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,National Institute of Population Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Santonicco N, Marletta S, Pantanowitz L, Fadda G, Troncone G, Brunelli M, Ghimenton C, Antonini P, Paolino G, Girolami I, Eccher A. Impact of mobile devices on cancer diagnosis in cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2021; 50:34-45. [PMID: 34677909 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital pathology has widened pathologists' opportunities to examine both surgical and cytological samples. Recently, portable mobile devices like tablets and smartphones have been tested for application with digital technologies including static, dynamic, and more recently whole slide imaging. This study aimed to review the published literature on the impact of mobile devices on cancer diagnoses in cytology. This analysis focused on their diagnostic potential, technical details, critical issues and pitfalls, and economical aspects. METHODS A systematic search was carried out in the electronic databases Embase and PubMed. Studies dealing with the application of mobile devices for diagnosing cancer on cytological specimens were included. The quality of studies was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. The main themes addressed were the comparison of manual examination with light microscopy and the use of mobile tools for primary diagnosis. The technical features of different models of smartphones and tablets, software, and adapters were also studied in terms of feasibility and costs-analysis. RESULTS Of 2458 retrieved articles, 18 were included. Concordance with light microscopy was good and diagnostic performance comparable with an expert pathologist's diagnosis. The mobile devices studied differed, sometimes significantly, in terms of speed and cost. The utility was improved by employing specifically designed adapters. Image acquisition and transmission represent the main critical points in almost all studies. CONCLUSION The use of mobile devices demonstrated promising results regarding the digital evaluation of cytological samples. Widespread adoption even in underserved areas is anticipated following validation studies, technology improvements, and reduction in the costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Santonicco
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Marletta
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Liron Pantanowitz
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guido Fadda
- Department of Human Pathology of the Adulthood and of the Developing Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Troncone
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Ghimenton
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Paolino
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Girolami
- Division of Pathology, Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Albino Eccher
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
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62
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Sameh R, Mostafa N, Ramadan M, AbdelRaouf S, Abdelwahab K. Prognostic significance of EZH2 and ARID1A expression in urothelial carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. J Histotechnol 2021; 45:21-28. [PMID: 34493171 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2021.1973309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) expression in urothelial carcinoma (UC) has not been well studied. ARID1A is a novel tumor suppressor gene coding for a chromatin remodeling protein that is mutated in urinary bladder cancer. The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a transcriptional repressor involved in gene silencing. Amplification of EZH2 has been reported in several malignancies. This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of EZH2 and ARID1A in 56 cases of UC that included (n = 21) cases of radical cystectomy and (n = 35) cases of transurethral resections of bladder tumor (TURBT) with muscle fibers and immunotherapy with adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The predicting role of both markers for tumor recurrence and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was also analyzed. High EZH2 marker expression was observed in 75% of cases while 78.6% of cases had low ARID1A marker expression. There was a significant negative correlation between the two markers where high EZH2 and low ARID1A expression was significantly associated with higher tumor grade, stage, presence of muscle invasion, lymph node metastasis, presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS) and higher incidence of recurrence with shorter RFS rate. It was concluded that EZH2 and ARID1A play a role in tumor carcinogenesis and differentiation and could be considered as independent prognostic factors in UC and for use as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Sameh
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Mostafa
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ramadan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar AbdelRaouf
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abdelwahab
- Urology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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63
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Lai CC, Chen TJ, Chan TC, Li WS, He HL. Prognostic significance of OXR1 in urothelial carcinoma: low OXR1 expression is associated with worse survival. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4145-4156. [PMID: 34467778 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioinformatic analysis has revealed that OXR1 is significantly downregulated in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Patients & methods: The expression of OXR1 in patients with urothelial carcinoma was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, including 340 cases with urothelial carcinoma in the upper urinary tract and 295 in the urinary bladder. Results: Low expression of OXR1 was significantly correlated with adverse pathological parameters including high primary tumor (pT) stage, high node stage, high histological grade, high mitotic activity and increased vascular or perineural invasion (all p < 0.05). Low expression of OXR1 independently predicted worse metastasis-free survival (p = 0.033) in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and worse disease-specific survival (p = 0.022) and metastasis-free survival (p < 0.001) in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Conclusion: Low expression of OXR1 is an adverse prognostic factor in urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Lai
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ju Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Ti-Chun Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704016, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin He
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, E-DA Hospital & E-DA Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
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64
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Xian Z, Tian J, Zhang Y, Meng J, Zhao Y, Li C, Yi Y, Han J, Liu S, Wang L, Pan C, Wang D, Wang F, Liang A. Study on the potential nephrotoxicity and mutagenicity of aristolochic acid IVa and its mechanism. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112081. [PMID: 34463271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous reports demonstrated that aristolochic acids (AAs) exposure-induced nephrotoxicity, mutations, and tumorigenesis are mainly due to aristolochic acid I (AAI). Notably, the chemical structure of aristolochic acid IVa (AAIVa), which exists at higher levels in many Aristolochiaceae herbs, is extremely similar to AAI. In lack of toxicological data, it is unknown whether AAIVa exposure leads to aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), mutations, and tumorigenesis as of AAI. To answer these questions, mice were administered AAIVa by single or repeated long-term gavage, while AAI was used as a positive control. We found that single gavage of 40 mg/kg of AAIVa exhibited no obvious toxicity. Also, there were no tumors or death in mice administrated with 1 and 10 mg/kg of AAIVa for 6 months followed by a 12-month recovery time. There were no noteworthy alterations in gene mutation frequency in the kidney, liver, and stomach between the AAIVa and control mice. Fascinatingly, AA-associated mutational signatures, adenine-to-thymine (A>T) transversions, were absent in AAIVa-treated mice. Nonetheless, 10 mg/kg of AAIVa triggered lymphocytic infiltration and slight fibrous hyperplasia in the kidney at the 6th month; however, these were alleviated at the 12th and 18th months. On the contrary, AAI (positive control) caused severe diffuse fibrosis, tubular atrophy, necrosis, tumors in the forestomach and kidney, and death after the 6th month. It seems that long-term AAIVa exposure induced mild renal lesions could be due to the activation of the canonical or noncanonical transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway. Overall, these findings suggest that the mutagenicity and carcinogenic risk of AAIVa are very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dunfang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Metastatic urothelial carcinoma to the brain, spinal cord and spine: A contemporary multi-institutional clinicopathologic analysis of 24 cases. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 224:153537. [PMID: 34243109 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Only case reports and small series of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UCa) to the central nervous system (CNS) or spine have been published. We identified 24 cases at our institutions. The mean patient age was 64 years (range: 41-78 years) with a male predominance. Nineteen (79%) cases involved the brain, 3 (13%) and 2 (8%) cases involved the spinal cord and spine, respectively. Most cases (79%) were a single mass with a mean size of 2.8 cm (range: 0.9-5.5 cm). With the exception of 3 cases demonstrating micropapillary UCa, all metastases showed morphologic features of conventional UCa. Prior to CNS and spinal metastases, there was a history of UCa involving only the bladder in 16 (67%) patients, ureter in 1 (4%) patient, and kidney/renal pelvis in 1 (4%) patient. In 1 additional patient (4%) each, the primary tumor involved both bladder and ureter, bladder and kidney/renal pelvis, and ureter and kidney/renal pelvis, respectively. Three (13%) patients had no known primary site. In two patients, the diagnosis of primary UCa was made concurrently as the CNS metastasis, and ranged up to 30 years in other patients. Follow-up was available in 14 patients with a mean duration of 7 months (range: 0-23 months), and 4 patients died of disease. Both clinicians and pathologists should be aware that concurrent or late CNS or spine metastases may occur and could present as a solitary mass even over a decade after the initial diagnosis.
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66
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Alhubaishy B, Mathes J, Knoll T. Primary Urothelial Bladder Cancer in a Young Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2021; 13:e15864. [PMID: 34189005 PMCID: PMC8232981 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.15864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a rare condition among young patients, here, we report about a 22-year-old patient with primary urothelial bladder cancer. The patient complained of macroscopic painless hematuria. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed a 2-cm-sized exophytic lesion occupying the left-sided urinary bladder wall. The histologic examination of a specimen obtained during transurethral resection of the bladder tumor showed a superficial low-grade urothelial bladder tumor, pTa G1. Close follow-up with regular cystoscopies and urine cytological examinations is the cornerstone in the disease’s therapy. Underlying genetic factors may predispose to the development of the disease, which may require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar Alhubaishy
- Urology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.,Urology, Sindelfingen-Boeblingen Hospital, Sindelfingen, DEU
| | - Joachim Mathes
- Urology, Sindelfingen-Boeblingen Hospital, Sindelfingen, DEU
| | - Thomas Knoll
- Urology, Sindelfingen-Boeblingen Hospital, Sindelfingen, DEU
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67
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Jiang L, Wang Y, Tang H, Li X, Huang C, Liu Z, Zhou F, Wang X, Li Y. CircCA12 Promotes Malignant Process via Sponging miR-1184 and Upregulating RAS Family in Bladder Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:663982. [PMID: 34234808 PMCID: PMC8257087 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a panel of non-coding RNAs that mediate the regulation of gene expression, as well as pathological responses. Nonetheless, the function and expression pattern of circRNAs in urinary bladder cancer (UBC) remain unclear. Herein, we examined the function of circCA12 in UBC development. qRT-PCR results demonstrated remarkable circCA12 upregulation in UBC cell lines, as well as tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, and xenograft assays were employed to determine the effect of circCA12 on UBC. Our data illustrated silencing circCA12 repressed the proliferation along with the colony-formation capability of UBC cells. The migration and metastasis potential of UBC cells were remarkably abated in vivo, as well as in vitro after transfection with si-cirCA12 or sh-circCA12. Moreover, luciferase reporter and RIP assays indicated that circCA12 binds to miRNA-1184 through sponging miRNA, thereby up-regulating the expression of RAS family genes (NRAS, KRAS, and HRAS). In conclusion, the circCA12/miRNA-1184/RAS family was identified as a regulatory axis in UBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaowen Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Reproductive Center of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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68
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Mughal MJ, Kwok HF. Multidimensional role of bacteria in cancer: Mechanisms insight, diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic potential. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1026-1044. [PMID: 34119644 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The active role of bacteria in oncogenesis has long been a topic of debate. Although, it was speculated to be a transmissible cause of cancer as early as the 16th-century, yet the idea about the direct involvement of bacteria in cancer development has only been explored in recent decades. More recently, several studies have uncovered the mechanisms behind the carcinogenic potential of bacteria which are inflammation, immune evasion, pro-carcinogenic metabolite production, DNA damage and genomic instability. On the other side, the recent development on the understanding of tumor microenvironment and technological advancements has turned this enemy into an ally. Studies using bacteria for cancer treatment and detection have shown noticeable effects. Therapeutic abilities of bioengineered live bacteria such as high specificity, selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells, responsiveness to external signals and control after ingestion have helped to overcome the challenges faced by conventional cancer therapies and highlighted the bacterial based therapy as an ideal approach for cancer treatment. In this review, we have made an effort to compile substantial evidence to support the multidimensional role of bacteria in cancer. We have discussed the multifaceted role of bacteria in cancer by highlighting the wide impact of bacteria on different cancer types, their mechanisms of actions in inducing carcinogenicity, followed by the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of bacteria in cancers. Moreover, we have also highlighted the existing gaps in the knowledge of the association between bacteria and cancer as well as the limitation and advantage of bacteria-based therapies in cancer. A better understanding of these multidimensional roles of bacteria in cancer can open up the new doorways to develop early detection strategies, prevent cancer, and develop therapeutic tactics to cure this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jameel Mughal
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau; MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau.
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69
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant with serious public health consequences due to its persistence within arable soils, and the ease with which it enters food chains and then, accumulates in human tissues to induce a broad range of adverse health effects. The present review focuses on the role of zinc (Zn), a nutritionally essential metal, to protect against the cytotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Cd in urinary bladder epithelial cells. The stress responses and defense mechanisms involving the low-molecular-weight metal binding protein, metallothionein (MT), are highlighted. The efflux and influx transporters of the ZnT and Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) gene families are discussed with respect to their putative role in retaining cellular Zn homeostasis. Among fourteen ZIP family members, ZIP8 and ZIP14 mediate Cd uptake by cells, while ZnT1 is among ten ZnT family members solely responsible for efflux of Zn (Cd), representing cellular defense against toxicity from excessively high Zn (Cd) intake. In theory, upregulation of the efflux transporter ZnT1 concomitant with the downregulation of influx transporters such as ZIP8 and ZIP14 can prevent Cd accumulation by cells, thereby increasing tolerance to Cd toxicity. To link the perturbation of Zn homeostasis, reflected by the aberrant expression of ZnT1, ZIP1, ZIP6, and ZIP10, with malignancy, tolerance to Cd toxicity acquired during Cd-induced transformation of a cell model of human urothelium, UROtsa, is discussed as a particular example.
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70
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Lee HY, Li CC, Li WM, Hsu YL, Yeh HC, Ke HL, Yeh BW, Huang CN, Li CF, Kuo PL, Wu WJ. Identification of potential genes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma using next-generation sequencing with bioinformatics and in vitro analyses. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11343. [PMID: 33987019 PMCID: PMC8086570 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to identify prognostic biomarkers of upper tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes which account for only 5% to 10% of all urothelial carcinomas (UCs). In Taiwan, this figure is markedly higher, where it can reach up to 30% of UC cases. Materials and Methods Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we analyzed two pairs of renal pelvis tumors and adjacent normal urothelial tissues to screen miRNAs and messenger RNAs. By combining bioinformatics analysis from miRmap, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Oncomine and Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis databases, we identified candidate genes. To search for upstream miRNAs with exact target binding sites, we used miRmap, TargetScan, and miRDB to enforce evidence. Then, we clarified gene and protein expression through an in vitro study using western blot analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. Results Interactions between selected target genes obtained using the NGS and miRmap methods were assessed through a Venn diagram analysis. Six potential genes, namely, PDE5A, RECK, ZEB2, NCALD, PLCXD3 and CYBRD1 showed significant differences. Further analysis of gene expression from the GEO dataset indicated lower expression of PDE5A, RECK, ZEB2, and CYBRD1 in bladder cancer tissue than in normal bladder mucosa, which indicated that PDE5A, RECK, ZEB2, and CYBRD1 may act as tumor suppressors in UTUC. In addition, we compared the expression of these genes in various UC cell lines (RT4, BFTC905, J82, T24, UMUC3, 5637, BFTC 909, UMUC14) and found decreased expression of PDE5A in muscle-invasive UC cells compared with the RT4 cell line. Furthermore, by using paired UTUC and normal tissues from 20 patients, lower PDE5A expression was also demonstrated in tumor specimens. Conclusions Our findings suggest these candidate genes may play some roles in UTUC progression. We propose that these markers may be potential targets clarified by in vitro and in vivo experiments. PDE5A also potentially presents tumor suppressor genes, as identified by comparing the expression between normal and tumor specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Ying Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bi Wen Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Biomarkers and Biotech Drugs, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Owari T, Iwamoto T, Anai S, Miyake M, Nakai Y, Hori S, Hara T, Ishii T, Ota U, Torimoto K, Kuniyasu H, Fujii T, Tanaka N, Fujimoto K. The sustaining of fluorescence in photodynamic diagnosis after the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid in carcinogen-induced bladder cancer orthotopic rat model and urothelial cancer cell lines. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102309. [PMID: 33901687 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The administration of 5-aminolevulic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA·HCl) 3 h (range: 2-4 h) before photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is recommended for detecting bladder tumors. However, there is insufficient evidence on the time duration for the fluorescence of PDD after oral administration of 5-ALA. We investigated the sustainability of the photodynamic effect and protoporphyrinⅨ (PpⅨ) after 5-ALA administration in a carcinogen-induced bladder tumor rat model and bladder cancer cell lines. METHODS The carcinogen-induced bladder tumor orthotopic rat model was established by the administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine. RESULTS Red fluorescence was visible 2-8 h after the oral administration of 5-ALA in the carcinogen-induced bladder tumor rat model. Plasma and intratissue PpⅨ (nM) progressed to a higher level at 2 h and remained almost constant 2-8 h after oral administration of 5-ALA. The peak fluorescence intensity of PpⅨ was observed 3-4 h after the administration of 5-ALA in bladder cancer cell lines. The accumulated PpⅨ remained for 4 h after the removal of 5-ALA in UMUC3 cells. It was not clearly visible 3 h after the removal of 5-ALA in MGHU3 and T24 cells. The expression level of ferrochelatase was significantly lower in UMUC3 cells than in other cells. Our findings suggest that 5-ALA-assisted PDD (ALA-PDD) can aid in detecting non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer 2-8 h after 5-ALA administration. CONCLUSION Urologists might not be required to make excess effort to start ALA-PDD-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor after the administration of 5-ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Owari
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwamoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Makito Miyake
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakai
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shunta Hori
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishii
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Urara Ota
- SBI Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Torimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomomi Fujii
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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Aberrant Expression of ZIP and ZnT Zinc Transporters in UROtsa Cells Transformed to Malignant Cells by Cadmium. STRESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of zinc homeostasis is pivotal to the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and defense mechanisms. In mammalian cells, control of cellular zinc homeostasis is through zinc uptake, zinc secretion, and zinc compartmentalization, mediated by metal transporters of the Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) family and the Cation Diffusion Facilitators (CDF) or ZnT family. We quantified transcript levels of ZIP and ZnT zinc transporters expressed by non-tumorigenic UROtsa cells and compared with those expressed by UROtsa clones that were experimentally transformed to cancer cells by prolonged exposure to cadmium (Cd). Although expression of the ZIP8 gene in parent UROtsa cells was lower than ZIP14 (0.1 vs. 83 transcripts per 1000 β-actin transcripts), an increased expression of ZIP8 concurrent with a reduction in expression of one or two zinc influx transporters, namely ZIP1, ZIP2, and ZIP3, were seen in six out of seven transformed UROtsa clones. Aberrant expression of the Golgi zinc transporters ZIP7, ZnT5, ZnT6, and ZnT7 were also observed. One transformed clone showed distinctively increased expression of ZIP6, ZIP10, ZIP14, and ZnT1, with a diminished ZIP8 expression. These data suggest intracellular zinc dysregulation and aberrant zinc homeostasis both in the cytosol and in the Golgi in the transformed UROtsa clones. These results provide evidence for zinc dysregulation in transformed UROtsa cells that may contribute in part to their malignancy and/or muscle invasiveness.
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Jou YC, Lin GL, Lin HY, Huang WH, Chuang YM, Lin RI, Chen PC, Wu SF, Shen CH, Chan MWY. Cyproheptadine, an epigenetic modifier, exhibits anti-tumor activity by reversing the epigenetic silencing of IRF6 in urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:226. [PMID: 33874979 PMCID: PMC8054409 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary system with high rate of recurrence, UC patients therefore needed to be treated with surgery followed by chemotherapy. Development of novel therapeutics with minimal side-effect is an urgent issue. Our previous study showed that cyproheptadine (CPH), an anti-histamine, exhibited antitumor activity in UC in vitro and in an xenograft model. However, the molecular mechanism of how CPH inhibits tumor progression is not fully understood. METHODS Genes that were upregulated after treatment with CPH in UC cells, were examined by RNA-Seq. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to detect IRF6 expression while COBRA assay and bisulphite pyrosequencing were used to examine promoter methylation of IRF6. Enrichment of total H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 mono-methylation were detected by western blotting. Colony formation and flow cytometry were used to examine proliferation and apoptosis in UC cells overexpressed or depleted with IRF6. Nude mice xenograft model was used to examine the effect of IRF6 in UC. RESULTS Our result showed that several genes, including IRF6 were upregulated after treatment with CPH in BFTC905 UC cells. Further experiments found that treatment of CPH could restore the expression of IRF6 in several other UC cell lines, probably due to promoter hypomethylation and enrichment of H3K27 acetylation and H3K4 mono-methylation. These results may be due to the fact that CPH could alter the activity, but not the expression of epigenetic modifiers. Finally, re-expression of IRF6 in UC inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in an xenograft mouse model, by inducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggested that CPH may be an epigenetic modifier, modulating the expression of the potential tumor suppressor IRF6, in inhibiting tumor growth in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Chin Jou
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ling Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Yi Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Inn Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Pie-Che Chen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
| | - Michael W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
- Epigenomics and Human Disease Research Center, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
- Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Deuker M, Stolzenbach LF, Collà Ruvolo C, Nocera L, Tian Z, Roos FC, Becker A, Kluth LA, Tilki D, Shariat SF, Saad F, Chun FK, Karakiewicz PI. Upper Urinary Tract Tumors: Variant Histology Versus Urothelial Carcinoma. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:117-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cassell A, Manobah B, Willie S. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges of Rare Urogenital Cancers: Urothelial Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis, Ureters and Urethra. World J Oncol 2021; 12:20-27. [PMID: 33738002 PMCID: PMC7935619 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a neoplastic growth that affects the lining of the urinary tract from the renal pelvis to the distal urethra. Urothelial cancer occurs less commonly along the upper urinary tract (renal pelvis and ureter) accounting for 5-10% and even rarer along the urethra approximately less than 1%. The incidence of UC of the upper urinary tract and urethra has been reported in the United States and Europe by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and the Rare Cancers in Europe project, respectively. Considering the rarity of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and primary urethral cancer (PUC), there is a paucity of data from Sub-Saharan Africa. Both the European Association of Urology guideline and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline have provided some clinical updates on the management of UTUC and PUC. However, UTUC and PUC present mostly at a more advanced stage than UC of bladder. A high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis even more for UTUC. Organ-sparing surgery is possible for both localized UTUC and PUC but stringent follow-up with urine cytology, endoscopy and imaging is mandated for early detection of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayun Cassell
- Department of Surgery, John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Burgess Manobah
- Department of Surgery, John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Soeghen Willie
- Department of Surgery, John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
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Subcellular Localization of uc.8+ as a Prognostic Biomarker in Bladder Cancer Tissue. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040681. [PMID: 33567603 PMCID: PMC7914980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA regions having high sequence similarity among human, rat and mouse genomes are defined as Ultraconserved Regions. Non-coding RNA transcripts originating by these regions may play relevant roles in the onset and progression of multiple cancer types. We recently found that ultra-conserved-transcript-8+ (uc.8+) levels correlate with the grading and staging of bladder cancer. The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the expression of ultra-conserved-transcript-8+ (uc.8+) in biopsies and assess its intracellular localization. Furthermore, we aimed to correlate uc.8+ levels with clinical parameters and patient survival. Our analysis indicates that uc.8+ can localize both in the cytoplasm and nucleus of bladder cells at early stages of tumorigenesis, while in tumors at advanced stages, uc.8+ has a prevalent cytoplasmic localization. These data provide relevant information about uc.8+ localization as a hallmark of tumor stage. Finally, using advanced computer-based techniques, we predicted the binding of uc.8+ to RNA-binding proteins. Our study overall suggests that uc.8+ localization can be used as a prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer. Abstract Non-coding RNA transcripts originating from Ultraconserved Regions (UCRs) have tissue-specific expression and play relevant roles in the pathophysiology of multiple cancer types. Among them, we recently identified and characterized the ultra-conserved-transcript-8+ (uc.8+), whose levels correlate with grading and staging of bladder cancer. Here, to validate uc.8+ as a potential biomarker in bladder cancer, we assessed its expression and subcellular localization by using tissue microarray on 73 human bladder cancer specimens. We quantified uc.8+ by in-situ hybridization and correlated its expression levels with clinical characteristics and patient survival. The analysis of subcellular localization indicated the simultaneous presence of uc.8+ in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells from the Low-Grade group, whereas a prevalent cytoplasmic localization was observed in samples from the High-Grade group, supporting the hypothesis of uc.8+ nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation in most malignant tumor forms. Moreover, analysis of uc.8+ expression and subcellular localization in tumor-surrounding stroma revealed a marked down-regulation of uc.8+ levels compared to the paired (adjacent) tumor region. Finally, deep machine-learning approaches identified nucleotide sequences associated with uc.8+ localization in nucleus and/or cytoplasm, allowing to predict possible RNA binding proteins associated with uc.8+, recognizing also sequences involved in mRNA cytoplasm-translocation. Our model suggests uc.8+ subcellular localization as a potential prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer.
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77
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Aydin O. Atypical cells parameter in Sysmex UN automated urine analyzer: feedback from the field. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:9. [PMID: 33482827 PMCID: PMC7821671 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Atypical cells" parameter in automated urinalysis has recently been introduced. An instrument capable of measuring quantitative and qualitative features of nuclear and cytoplasmic properties of a cell has the potential to detect cellular atypia. Instruments using flow cytometry have been detecting atypical cells in blood for a long time; yet instruments using the same methodology very lately developed this parameter in urinalysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples with an atypical cells value higher than 1 atypical cell/µL were included in the study. Besides automated urinalysis, every sample was reflexed to modular unit for digital imaging. The remainder of each sample was stained with Sternheimer dye and examined manually under a light microscope. RESULTS 50 samples with higher than1 atypical cell/µL result were included in the study. Patients were composed of 43 females (86 %) and 7 males (14 %). The mean age was 47.12 ± 19.45 years. The median atypical cells value was 1.8/µL (95 % range 1.5-2.4/µL). Manual microscopic evaluation of the 50 samples showed atypical cells in 1 sample. The patient had papillary lesions on cystoscopy and pathology report informed a high grade urothelial carcinoma. Other 49 samples were negative for atypical cells in manual microscopy. They were crowded samples with leucocytes and squamous epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The positive case provided evidence for Sysmex UN's capability to detect atypical cells in urine. The negative cases presented clues that probable vulvovaginal contamination and crowded specimens could be deceptive for Sysmex UN in this particular parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Aydin
- Central Laboratory, Kepez Public Hospital, Hüsnü Karakaş Mahallesi, No:124, Güneş Cd, 07320, Kepez, Antalya, Turkey.
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Sweet DE, Ward RD, Wang Y, Tanaka H, Campbell SC, Remer EM. Infiltrative Renal Malignancies: Imaging Features, Prognostic Implications, and Mimics. Radiographics 2021; 41:487-508. [PMID: 33449838 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021200123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infiltrative renal malignancies are a subset of renal masses that are morphologically characterized by a poorly defined interface with the renal parenchyma. Infiltrative renal malignancies are less common but more aggressive than more typical renal malignancies and carry an overall worse prognosis. Although an infiltrative renal process often represents a malignant neoplasm, infiltrative masses include a wide spectrum of diseases including primary renal cortical, medullary, and pelvic tumors; lymphoproliferative processes; metastases; and various infectious, inflammatory, immune-mediated, and vascular mimics. The imaging features of these masses are often nonspecific, but with the appropriate history, laboratory results, and clinical context, the radiologist can help narrow the diagnosis and guide further treatment. An invited commentary by Lee is available online.Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sweet
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Ryan D Ward
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Yanbo Wang
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Steven C Campbell
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
| | - Erick M Remer
- From the Imaging Institute (D.E.S., R.D.W., E.M.R.) and Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute (Y.W., H.T., S.C.C., E.M.R.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, L10, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China (Y.W.); and Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan (H.T.)
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Chen D, Li D, Cui Z, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Yan L. Evaluation of the value of Preoperative Sialic Acid Levels in Diagnosis and Localization of Urothelial Tumors. J Cancer 2021; 12:5066-5075. [PMID: 34234875 PMCID: PMC8247387 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore SA levels in the serum of urothelial tumor patients and their correlation with clinical pathological features and localization. Materials and Methods: Our research retrospectively collected data from 591 patients with urothelial tumors between July 2014 and April 2018. The SA levels in the serum of urothelial tumor patients and their correlation with clinical pathological features and localization were investigated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were further performed to identify independent associations. Results: The levels of SA were significantly associated with the malignant degree (tumor grade and infiltration) of bladder cancer and tumor localization (all p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression model showed that SA levels were independently associated with the presence of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (BUC: HR = 1.941, UTUC: HR = 3.820, all p <0.05) and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (HR = 2.047, p < 0.05). Finally, we validated the diagnosis and localization value of SA in an independent cohort from another institutions. Conclusions: Elevated serum SA levels are an independent predictor of high-grade urothelial carcinoma and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, indicating that SA levels may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and localization of urothelial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongshan Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhanwu Cui
- Department of Urology, Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Dezhou City, Zhongxing Road 245#, Dezhou , 253500, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China
- ✉ Corresponding author: Lei Yan, Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 107#, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China. Tel.: +86-531-82166701; Fax: +86-531-82169044; E-mail:
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Wagih M, Kamel M. Evaluation of androgen receptor status in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Egyptian patients: an immunohistochemical study. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-019-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The roles of androgen and androgen receptor (AR) signaling in the oncogenesis of prostate cancer are very well established. What is more poorly understood is the role of AR in other human malignancies including bladder cancer. The incidence of bladder cancer is much higher in males than females, but the exact etiology has not been fully elucidated. This gender disparity has raised the possibility of the AR pathway being involved in the genesis of this disease. Thereby, the aim of this work was to evaluate the expression of AR in a group of Egyptian patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma and to assess whether its expression was correlated with other pathological tumor features. Urothelial bladder carcinoma tissue samples from 50 patients were studied by immunostaining for AR expression in tumor cells.
Results
AR was positively expressed in 29 (58%) patients, while negative expression was observed in 21 (42%) patients. No statistically significant difference in AR expression with respect to tumor grade (P = 0.07) and pT stage (P = 0.09) was observed.
Conclusions
The results obtained in this study indicates a clinical value of the AR expression in Egyptian patients with urothelial bladder carcinoma, providing the basis for further studies to evaluate its role and the possibility of new target-based therapies for urothelial bladder carcinoma.
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The metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of urothelial carcinoma from a health examination database. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 26:569-577. [PMID: 33231793 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome was associated with bladder cancer in the previous studies. However, there have no large-scale cohort studies to elucidate the relationship between metabolic syndromes and urothelial carcinoma including urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS We analyze a population-based cohort study by using physical examination data and diagnosis of UC from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database. Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics among UTUC and non-UTUC groups, UBUC and non-UBUC groups were compared. Odds ratios (ORs) for determining risk factors were estimated through the multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 557,063 records for 211,319 participants which consisted of 31 UTUC and 309 UBUC met the eligibility criteria in this study. Our results showed that female are more likely to develop UTUC than male. As opposed to UTUC, male are more likely to develop UBUC than female. It also showed that participants smoked or chewed betel quid daily are more likely to develop UBUC. Age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are significantly increased the risk of developing UTUC. The association between the eGFR and risk of UTUC is stronger (P < 0.001) for eGFR < 45 (vs. eGFR ≥ 75, OR = 6.795; 95% CI 2.901-15.917). Metabolic syndrome is related to higher risk of UBUC incidence [OR was 1.373 (95% CI 1.104-1.707)]. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant relationship between the incidence of UBUC and metabolic syndrome. Renal function impairment presents higher risk in both UBUC and UTUC development.
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Vitti Gambim V, Laufer-Amorim R, Fonseca Alves RH, Grieco V, Fonseca-Alves CE. A Comparative Meta-Analysis and in silico Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in Canine and Human Bladder Cancer. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:558978. [PMID: 33304937 PMCID: PMC7701042 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.558978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine and human bladder cancer present similar anatomical, morphological, and molecular characteristics, and dogs can be considered a model for human bladder cancer. However, the veterinary literature lacks information regarding cross-validation analysis between human and canine large-scale data. Therefore, this research aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the canine literature on bladder cancer, identifying genes and proteins previously evaluated in these studies. In addition, we also performed a cross-validation of the canine transcriptome data and the human data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify potential markers for both species. The meta-analysis was performed using the following indexing terms: “bladder” AND “carcinoma” AND “dog” in different international databases, and 385 manuscripts were identified in our initial search. Then, several inclusion criteria were applied, and only 25 studies met these criteria. Among these studies, five presented transcriptome data, and 20 evaluated only isolated genes or proteins. Regarding the studies involving isolated protein analysis, the HER-2 protein was the most studied (3/20), followed by TAG-72 (2/20), COX-2 (2/20), survivin (2/20), and CK7 (2/20), and the remaining nine studies evaluated one isolated protein each. Regarding the cross-validation analysis of human and canine transcriptome data, we identified 35 dysregulated genes, including ERBB2, TP53, EGFR, and E2F2. Our results demonstrate that the canine literature on bladder cancer previously focused on the evaluation of isolated markers with no association with patient survival. This limitation may be related to the lack of a homogenous protocol for treating patients and the lack of follow-up during treatment. In addition, the lack of information regarding tumor muscle invasion can be considered an important limitation when comparing human and canine bladder tumors. Our in silico analysis involving canine and human transcriptome data provided several genes with the potential to be markers for both human and canine bladder tumors, and these genes should be considered for future studies on canine bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Vitti Gambim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renee Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Valeria Grieco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Institute of Health Sciences, Paulista University-UNIP, Bauru, Brazil
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83
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Wasserman NF. Commentary: Ureteral pseudodiverticulosis is diagnosable on computed tomography. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:3819-3820. [PMID: 31152192 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil F Wasserman
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Mayo Mail Code 292, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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84
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Khayamzadeh M, Aliakbari F, Zolghadr Z, Emadeddin M, Ahadi M, Akbari M, Abedi AR, Nematollahi S, Hosseini J. Five-Year Survival Rate of Bladder Cancer in Iran during 2001-2007. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:69-74. [PMID: 33391383 PMCID: PMC7691705 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.118375.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the most common cancer in women, comprising 8% of all males and 3% of female tumors. The present study aimed to estimate the five-year survival rates of bladder cancer in Iran. Methods: Information on 3,337 registered cases of bladder cancer was obtained from the Office of National Cancer Registry in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH & ME). A telephone survey was conducted to gather additional information, such as survival status, demographic, and clinical profile. Kaplan–Meier estimates of five-year survival rates were calculated according to the age of diagnosis, gender, pathological type, and provincial pole. Results and Conclusion: Overall five-year survival rate was 77%. According to the pathologic type, five-year survival rates were 81%, 66%, 81%, 42%, 77%, and 82% in low-grade urothelial carcinoma, high-grade urothelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinomas (SCCs), and other tumors, respectively. Additionally, those tumors were 93%, 88%, 81%, 64%, and 44% among patients whose average ages at diagnosis were < 50, 50–59, 60–59, 70–79, and > 80 years old, respectively. Our study revealed that age and histological type were the major prognostic factors for survival in patients with bladder cancer. Therefore, given the histologic features of the tumor and patients with advanced age, a continuous screening would be highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khayamzadeh
- Cancer Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshte Aliakbari
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zolghadr
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Emadeddin
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahadi
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Abedi
- Urology Department, Shohada-ye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Nematollahi
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Hosseini
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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85
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The Attitudes and Awareness of Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients about the Relationship Between Their Tumoral Diseases and Tobacco Exposure. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.758091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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86
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Fernandez Aparicio T, Galan Llopis J, Cansino Alcaide R, Pérez Fentes D, Cepeda Delgado M, Alvarez-Ossorio J, Fernandez Aparicio T, Galan Llopis J, Cansino Alcaide R, Perez Fentes D, Delgado C, Alvarez-Ossorio J, Osman García M, Hernandez Fernández C, Moreno Sorribas S, Extramiana Cameno J, Espilez Ortiz R, Moyano Calvo J, Jalón Monzón A, Rivero Guerra A, Chaves Santamaria M, Fernández Alcalde A, Guzman Martínez-Valls P, Rivero Cardenes A, Iturregui del Pozo A, Carrion Puig A, Rodriguez Cruz M, Torrecilla García-Ripoll JR, Severino Ortiz de Zarate K, Hernandez Alcaraz D, Gutierrez Baños J, Monzó Gardiner J, Amador Robayna A, Blazquez Vallejo C, Jimenez Marrero P, Lozano Uruñuela F, Calahorra Fernandez L, Campanario Perez R, Moreno Jiménez J, Husillos Alonso A, Campos Sañudo J. Incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Spain. Actas Urol Esp 2020; 44:512-518. [PMID: 32622540 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The incidence of upper urinary tract tumors is currently unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the real incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS A descriptive, prospective and multicenter epidemiological study was conducted in 31 Spanish facilities by means of the Platform for Multicenter Studies of the Spanish Association of Urology. Recruitment was opened from May 1st, 2017 to April 30th, 2018. The original database was exported directly from the electronic Data Collection Logbook on December 15th, 2018, with a total of 404 cases registered (402 valid cases after depuration). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software v 23 and EPIDAT v 3.4. RESULTS The incidence adjusted to Spanish population from raw data was 3.27 cases per 100.000 inhabitants per year (2.93 - 3.61 95% CI) and 3,3 cases per 100.000 inhabitants per year (2.96-3.66 95%CI) when adjusted to European population by age. The mean age at diagnosis was 70 years, and 77% of patients were male. Thirty-four percent of patients had an incidental diagnosis. Tumors were most commonly located in the pyelocalyceal system (54%), followed by the distal ureter (22%). Prior ureteroscopy was performed in 114 patients: this technique modified the subsequent treatment indication in 58% of cases. Radical nephroureterectomy was performed in 311 patients. Kidney-sparing surgery was the elected treatment in 76 patients (20%). Complications were found in 69% of cases, most of them classified as Clavien 1 and 2 (86% of all complications). Postoperative mortality rate was 1.7%. CONCLUSIONS UTUC adjusted incidence rate in Spain is 3.27 and 3.3 in Europe. Prior URS modified the treatment indication in 18% of patients. We found a 69% complication rate and a 1.7% mortality rate.
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87
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Incidence of Bladder Cancer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56090441. [PMID: 32878139 PMCID: PMC7559848 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide and is associated with increased incidence of kidney cancer and bladder cancer (BC). However, studies have produced conflicting results. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence of BC in T2DM patients using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Materials and Methods: We included 31,932 patients with a diagnosis of T2DM in the study group and 63,864 age- and sex-matched patients without T2DM at a ratio of 1:2 in the control group. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of BC. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the incidence and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of BC in the multivariate model. Results: After a 16-year follow-up, we found that 67 BC cases occurred in the study group and 152 BC events in the non-T2DM group without a significantly higher risk (aHR: 0.842, 95% confidence interval: 0.627–1.13). Conclusions: T2DM patients do not have a higher risk of BC.
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88
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Adnan S, Khalil MAI, Fiaz S, Abu Bakar M, Ali A, Ahmad Cheema Z, Mir K. Oncological Outcomes of Non-Urothelial Bladder Cancers in a Specialized Cancer Hospital of a Developing Country. Cureus 2020; 12:e9957. [PMID: 32983661 PMCID: PMC7510515 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-urothelial bladder cancers (NUBCs) constitute only 5% of all bladder cancers. Because of the scarcity of data, no standardized treatment can be offered to these patients. Surgical treatment can be offered to patients with localized disease; however, generally, the prognosis is unfavorable. Methodology Patients with histology-proven NUBC presenting to the Department of Uro-oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2002 to July 2017 were identified and assessed retrospectively. Results A total of 20 patients with a median presenting age of 52 years (range: 34-87 years) were identified. Clinically, T3 was the commonest stage of presentation, i.e., in 11 (55%), whereas 1 (7.1%) patient had metastatic disease. Four types of NUBCs were identified: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Most of the patients with adenocarcinoma were offered surgical treatment in the form of either partial (64.3%) or radical (28.6%) cystectomy. Two patients with small cell carcinoma and two of the three patients with SCC could only be offered palliative chemotherapy. During a median follow-up of 40 months, 14 (70%) patients developed disease progression or recurrence. All these patients succumbed to their disease during a median period of 37.5 months (range: 5-84 months). Furthermore, three- and five-year disease-free survival was 60% and 51%, respectively, and overall survival was 65% and 31%, respectively. Conclusions NUBC is a rare but aggressive disease that presents at an advanced stage in many cases. Treatment protocols are not uniform; therefore, further collaborative research is needed to improve survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddique Adnan
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK.,Urology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, Peshawar, PAK
| | | | - Shaukat Fiaz
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Azfar Ali
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Zubair Ahmad Cheema
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
| | - Khurram Mir
- Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, PAK
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89
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Sidiropoulos D, Kapogiannis F, Kripouri P, Filippou D, Vlassis K. Synchronous Bilateral Carcinoma of the Ureters. Report of a Case and a Short Discussion of the Literature. In Vivo 2020; 34:2057-2060. [PMID: 32606182 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The strategy for treatment of bilateral simultaneous renal pelvic and/or ureteral tumors has not been established and is dependent on individual decision. CASE REPORT We herein report the case of an elderly man who was examined for fatigue at the emergency department and subsequently diagnosed with bilateral ureteral cancer. The most common histologic type of ureteral cancer is urothelial (transitional epithelium) cancer and though it is rare, it can be synchronously present in the contralateral ureter. Computed tomography-urography (CTU) has very good results regarding diagnosis and surgical treatment and -though not preferred in our case-, it has shown promising results. CONCLUSION We believe that conservative treatment is a viable therapeutic option for simultaneous bilateral renal pelvic and/or ureteral tumors in selected patients. Yet, this treatment has seldom been performed, although standard therapy with bilateral nephroureterectomy inevitably requires the support of hemodialysis or renal transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Sidiropoulos
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Katerini, Katerini, Greece .,Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiota Kripouri
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Filippou
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vlassis
- Department of Anatomy and Surgical Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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90
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Kooshkaki O, Derakhshani A, Hosseinkhani N, Torabi M, Safaei S, Brunetti O, Racanelli V, Silvestris N, Baradaran B. Combination of Ipilimumab and Nivolumab in Cancers: From Clinical Practice to Ongoing Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124427. [PMID: 32580338 PMCID: PMC7352976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are inhibitory checkpoints that are commonly seen on activated T cells and have been offered as promising targets for the treatment of cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)targeting PD-1, including pembrolizumab and nivolumab, and those targeting its ligand PD-L1, including avelumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab, and two drugs targeting CTLA-4, including ipilimumab and tremelimumab have been approved for the treatment of several cancers and many others are under investigating in advanced trial phases. ICIs increased antitumor T cells’ responses and showed a key role in reducing the acquired immune system tolerance which is overexpressed by cancer and tumor microenvironment. However, 50% of patients could not benefit from ICIs monotherapy. To overcome this, a combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab is frequently investigated as an approach to improve oncological outcomes. Despite promising results for the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab, safety concerns slowed down the development of such strategies. Herein, we review data concerning the clinical activity and the adverse events of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy, assessing ongoing clinical trials to identify clinical outlines that may support combination therapy as an effective treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is one of the first studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ipilimumab and nivolumab combination therapy in several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kooshkaki
- Student research committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran
| | - Afshin Derakhshani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Negar Hosseinkhani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran;
| | - Mitra Torabi
- Student research committee, Tabriz University of medical sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran;
| | - Sahar Safaei
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Racanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS IstitutoTumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.)
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran; (A.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614766, Iran;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (B.B.)
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91
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Lillesand M, Kvikstad V, Mangrud OM, Gudlaugsson E, van Diermen-Hidle B, Skaland I, Baak JPA, Janssen EAM. Mitotic activity index and CD25+ lymphocytes predict risk of stage progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233676. [PMID: 32484812 PMCID: PMC7266352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In urothelial cell type non-muscle invasive urinary bladder carcinoma, TNM stage and WHO grade are widely used to classify patients into low and high‑risk groups for prognostic and therapeutic decision-making. However, stage and grade reproducibility and prediction accuracy are wanting. This may lead to suboptimal treatment. We evaluated whether proliferation features, nuclear area of the epithelial cancer cells and the composition of stromal and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes have independent prognostic value. In 183 primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients with long follow-up (median for stage progression cohort: 119 months, range 5-173; median for tumor recurrence cohort: 82, range 3-165) proliferation features Ki67, PPH3 and Mitotic Activity Index (MAI), Mean Nuclear Area (MNA), lymphocyte subsets (CD8+, CD4+, CD25+) and plasma cells (CD138+) were assessed on consecutive sections. Post-resection instillation treatments (none, mitomycin, BCG) were strictly standardized during the intake period. Risk of recurrence was associated with expression of Ki67 (≤ 39 vs. > 39) and Multifocality (p = 0.01). Patients with low Ki67 had a higher recurrence rate than those with high Ki67. Lymphocyte composition did not predict recurrence. Stage progression was strongly associated with high values for MAI (>15) and CD25+ (>0.2%). In a multivariate analysis the combination of MAI and CD25+ was the single most prognostic feature (p<0.001). Validation of these results in additional, independent studies is warranted.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitotic Index
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Reproducibility of Results
- Urinary Bladder/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/mortality
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Lillesand
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Vebjørn Kvikstad
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Einar Gudlaugsson
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Ivar Skaland
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan P. A. Baak
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Jan Baak AS, Tananger, Norway
| | - Emiel A. M. Janssen
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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92
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de Oliveira MC, Caires HR, Oliveira MJ, Fraga A, Vasconcelos MH, Ribeiro R. Urinary Biomarkers in Bladder Cancer: Where Do We Stand and Potential Role of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1400. [PMID: 32485907 PMCID: PMC7352974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released by all cells and involved in intercellular communication. Importantly, EVs cargo includes nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins constantly transferred between different cell types, contributing to autocrine and paracrine signaling. In recent years, they have been shown to play vital roles, not only in normal biological functions, but also in pathological conditions, such as cancer. In the multistep process of cancer progression, EVs act at different levels, from stimulation of neoplastic transformation, proliferation, promotion of angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and formation of metastatic niches in distant organs, to immune escape and therapy resistance. Moreover, as products of their parental cells, reflecting their genetic signatures and phenotypes, EVs hold great promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Importantly, their potential to overcome the current limitations or the present diagnostic procedures has created interest in bladder cancer (BCa). Indeed, cystoscopy is an invasive and costly technique, whereas cytology has poor sensitivity for early staged and low-grade disease. Several urine-based biomarkers for BCa were found to overcome these limitations. Here, we review their potential advantages and downfalls. In addition, recent literature on the potential of EVs to improve BCa management was reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Castanheira de Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo R. Caires
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Oliveira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Avelino Fraga
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP—Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (H.R.C.); (M.J.O.); (A.F.); (M.H.V.)
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Genetics and Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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93
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Ouyang S, Liu JH, Ni Z, Ding GF, Wang QZ. Downregulation of ST3GAL5 is associated with muscle invasion, high grade and a poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:828-840. [PMID: 32566010 PMCID: PMC7285741 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with bladder cancer (BC), the association between ST3 β-galactoside α-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 (ST3GAL5) expression and clinical outcomes, particularly regarding muscle-invasive disease, high tumor grade and prognosis, remain unknown. In the present study, the expression of ST3GAL5 and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with BC was analyzed using various public bioinformatics databases. The difference in ST3GAL5 expression between BC and healthy bladder tissues was also evaluated using data from the Oncomine database, The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differences in ST3GAL5 expression between muscle invasive BC (MIBC) and non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC), and high- and low-grade BC were also analyzed. Furthermore, genes that were positively co-expressed with ST3GAL5 in patients with BC were identified from the intersection between the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 and UALCAN databases. Enrichment analysis by Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Reactome pathway enrichment analyses and a gene-concept network was performed using R package. Gene set enrichment analysis was also performed to assess the signaling pathways influenced by the high and low expression of ST3GAL5 in BC. The results indicated that ST3GAL5 expression was significantly lower in BC tissues compared with normal bladder tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, ST3GAL5 expression in MIBC and high-grade BC was significantly lower compared with NMIBC and low-grade BC (P<0.05), respectively. The results from Kaplan-Meier survival analysis result demonstrated that ST3GAL5 downregulation was associated with poor survival in patients with BC (P<0.05). Taken together, these findings suggested that ST3GAL5 may be considered as an anti-oncogene in BC, could represent a potential predictive and prognostic biomarker for BC and may be a molecular target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ouyang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Ni
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Fu Ding
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Zhang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
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94
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Zhou Z, Cui D, Sun MH, Huang JL, Deng Z, Han BM, Sun XW, Xia SJ, Sun F, Shi F. CAFs-derived MFAP5 promotes bladder cancer malignant behavior through NOTCH2/HEY1 signaling. FASEB J 2020; 34:7970-7988. [PMID: 32293074 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902659r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are an important component of the tumor microenvironment and contribute to tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. Microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5), a component of elastic microfibers and an oncogenic protein in several types of tumors, is secreted by CAFs. However, the role of MFAP5 in the bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we report that MFAP5 is upregulated in bladder cancer and is associated with poor patient survival. Downregulation of MFAP5 in CAFs led to an impairment in proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Luciferase reporter assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed QKI directly downregulates MFAP5 in CAFs. In addition, CAFs-derived MFAP5 led to an activation of the NOTCH2/HEY1 signaling pathway through direct interaction with the NOTCH2 receptor, thereby stimulating the N2ICD release. RNA-sequencing revealed that MFAP5-mediated PI3K-AKT signaling activated the DLL4/NOTCH2 pathway axis in bladder cancer. Moreover, downregulation of NOTCH2 by short hairpin RNA or the inactivating anti-body NRR2Mab was able to reverse the adverse effects of MFAP5 stimulation in vitro and in vivo. Together, these results demonstrate CAFs-derived MFAP5 promotes the bladder cancer proliferation and metastasis and provides new insight for targeting CAFs as novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Hao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Lang Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Deng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Min Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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95
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Liu S, Xu F, Xu T, Yan Y, Yao X, Tang G. Evaluation of Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) scoring system in predicting muscle invasion of bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:445-451. [PMID: 32420150 PMCID: PMC7215047 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2020.02.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the accuracy of using the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) scoring system in prediction preoperative muscle invasion of bladder cancer. Methods The study retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with bladder cancer who received multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2017 and June 2019. Clinical and pathological parameters were collected. Bladder tumors were re-evaluated with 5-point VI-RADS scoring system by two experienced radiologists independently. The VI-RADS score was compared with postoperative pathology for each tumor for determining muscle invasion. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each VI-RADS cutoff. Results A total of 126 patients were included in analysis, with 82 patients received transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) while 44 underwent radical cystectomy. Fifty patients were muscle-invasive bladder cancer and 76 were non-muscle invasive tumor confirmed pathologically. VI-RADS score was only predictive factor to muscle invasion in multivariate analysis. Setting VI-RADS score greater than or equal to 4 reached the best sensitivity and specificity of 94.00% and 92.11%, with PPV and NPV value of 88.68% and 95.89%. Conclusions VI-RADS score system is a promising and effective modality in determining detrusor muscle invasion of bladder cancer preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Feijia Xu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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96
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Talati JJ. "Risk factors and oncological outcome for intravesical recurrence in organ-confined upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma patients after radical nephroureterectomy: A propensity score-matched case control". Int J Surg 2020; 77:96. [PMID: 32200061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamsheer Jehangir Talati
- Professor Emeritus, Department of Surgery Section of Urology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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97
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Abdel-Hamid AAM, Firgany AEDL. Dysplastic urothelial changes accompany empagliflozin administration in urinary bladder of experimental diabetes. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 100:369-377. [PMID: 32040227 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Empagliflozin (EMPA) is a promising novel antidiabetic drug; however, doubts have been raised regarding its use and the increased risk of urinary bladder carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated urothelium expression of cytokeratins (CKs) and Ki-67 proliferative activity in the urinary bladder of diabetic (DM + EMPA) and non-diabetic rats after EMPA administration. By routine histology, dysplastic changes were detected in the urothelium of diabetic as well as non-diabetic animals after EMPA administration. Moreover, the expression of CK-7 and CK-8 was significantly decreased (P < .05) while that of CK-20 as well as Ki-67 was significantly increased (P < .05) in EMPA per se and DM + EMPA urothelium groups compared to that of control and diabetics. The dysplastic changes together with the increased proliferative activity in urothelium after EMPA administration provide a cellular evidence that supports the former clinical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Taibah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa El-Din L Firgany
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unit of Anatomy, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
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98
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Wu YT, Luo HL, Wang HJ, Chen YT, Cheng YT, Chiang PH. Gender effect on the oncologic outcomes of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1043-1048. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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99
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Competitive glucose metabolism as a target to boost bladder cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:77-106. [PMID: 31953517 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0263-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer - the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide - has a heterogeneous natural history and clinical behaviour. The predominant histological subtype, urothelial bladder carcinoma, is characterized by high recurrence rates, progression and both primary and acquired resistance to platinum-based therapy, which impose a considerable economic burden on health-care systems and have substantial effects on the quality of life and the overall outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. The incidence of urothelial tumours is increasing owing to population growth and ageing, so novel therapeutic options are vital. Based on work by The Cancer Genome Atlas project, which has identified targetable vulnerabilities in bladder cancer, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have arisen as an effective alternative for managing advanced disease. However, although ICIs have shown durable responses in a subset of patients with bladder cancer, the overall response rate is only ~15-25%, which increases the demand for biomarkers of response and therapeutic strategies that can overcome resistance to ICIs. In ICI non-responders, cancer cells use effective mechanisms to evade immune cell antitumour activity; the overlapping Warburg effect machinery of cancer and immune cells is a putative determinant of the immunosuppressive phenotype in bladder cancer. This energetic interplay between tumour and immune cells leads to metabolic competition in the tumour ecosystem, limiting nutrient availability and leading to microenvironmental acidosis, which hinders immune cell function. Thus, molecular hallmarks of cancer cell metabolism are potential therapeutic targets, not only to eliminate malignant cells but also to boost the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this sense, integrating the targeting of tumour metabolism into immunotherapy design seems a rational approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs.
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100
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Rosiello G, Palumbo C, Deuker M, Stolzenbach LF, Tian Z, Larcher A, Capitanio U, Montorsi F, Shariat SF, Kapoor A, Saad F, Briganti A, Karakiewicz PI. Preoperative frailty predicts adverse short‐term postoperative outcomes in patients treated with radical nephroureterectomy. J Surg Oncol 2020; 121:688-696. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.25840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rosiello
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental OncologyURI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Carlotta Palumbo
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal Quebec Canada
- Urology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Science and Public Health, University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Marina Deuker
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lara Franziska Stolzenbach
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal Quebec Canada
- Martini‐Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Zhe Tian
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Alessandro Larcher
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental OncologyURI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental OncologyURI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental OncologyURI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Shahrokh F. Shariat
- Department of UrologyComprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Division of Urology, Department of SurgeryJuravinski Cancer Centre, McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental OncologyURI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Pierre I. Karakiewicz
- Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, Division of Urology, University of Montreal Health Center, Montreal Quebec Canada
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