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Puig L. Guselkumab for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:589-597. [PMID: 30920855 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1601014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guselkumab is a subcutaneously administered monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-23p19 cytokine subunit and has been approved by the US FDA and the EMA for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in adult patients. Areas covered: This review outlines the pharmacologic properties, efficacy and safety of guselkumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults. Expert opinion: In clinical trials, guselkumab markedly improved disease, regardless of topographical locations and patient subpopulations, with corresponding improvements in quality of life measures, and was generally well tolerated. Guselkumab has been shown to be more effective than adalimumab in phase III pivotal trials (VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2) at both week 16 and week 24 for PASI75, PASI90, PASI100 and IGA(0/1); the corresponding PASI 90 response rates at week 16 were 73.3% vs 49.7% in VOYAGE 1 and 70.0% vs 46.8% in VOYAGE 2 (P < 0.001 in both). Guselkumab has been shown to be superior to secukinumab in PASI90 response rate at week 48 in a head-to-head trial (ECLIPSE); it is also successful in treating patients with incomplete responses to adalimumab (VOYAGE 2) and ustekinumab (NAVIGATE). Guselkumab may be effective in treating psoriatic arthritis, with several phase III trials ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Puig
- a Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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52
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Regulatory T cell adaptation in the intestine and skin. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:386-396. [PMID: 30890797 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intestine and skin are distinct microenvironments with unique physiological functions and are continually exposed to diverse environmental challenges. Host adaptation at these sites is an active process that involves interaction between immune cells and tissue cells. Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play a pivotal role in enforcing homeostasis at barrier surfaces, illustrated by the development of intestinal and skin inflammation in diseases caused by primary deficiency in Treg cells. Treg cells at barrier sites are phenotypically distinct from their lymphoid-organ counterparts, and these 'tissue' signatures often reflect their tissue-adapted function. We discuss current understanding of Treg cell adaptation in the intestine and skin, including unique phenotypes, functions and metabolic demands, and how increased knowledge of Treg cells at barrier sites might guide precision medicine therapies.
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53
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The Use of Conjunctival Staining to Measure Ocular Surface Inflammation in Patients With Dry Eye. Cornea 2019; 38:698-705. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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54
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Hectd3 promotes pathogenic Th17 lineage through Stat3 activation and Malt1 signaling in neuroinflammation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:701. [PMID: 30741923 PMCID: PMC6370850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyubiquitination promotes proteasomal degradation, or signaling and localization, of targeted proteins. Here we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hectd3 is necessary for pathogenic Th17 cell generation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for human multiple sclerosis. Hectd3-deficient mice have lower EAE severity, reduced Th17 program and inefficient Th17 cell differentiation. However, Stat3, but not RORγt, has decreased polyubiquitination, as well as diminished tyrosine-705 activating phosphorylation. Additionally, non-degradative polyubiquitination of Malt1, critical for NF-κB activation and Th17 cell function, is reduced. Mechanistically, Hectd3 promotes K27-linked and K29-linked polyubiquitin chains on Malt1, and K27-linked polyubiquitin chains on Stat3. Moreover, Stat3 K180 and Malt1 K648 are targeted by Hectd3 for non-degradative polyubiquitination to mediate robust generation of RORγt+IL-17Ahi effector CD4+ T cells. Thus, our studies delineate a mechanism connecting signaling related polyubiquitination of Malt1 and Stat3, leading to NF-kB activation and RORγt expression, to pathogenic Th17 cell function in EAE. Ubiquitination may control protein stability or function. Here the authors show that an ubiquitination enzyme, Hectd3, ubiquitinates Stat3 and Malt1 to modulate their function but not degradation in T cells, and thereby promoting the differentiation of pathogenic Th17 cells and susceptibility to a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
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Storelli E, Cassina N, Rasini E, Marino F, Cosentino M. Do Th17 Lymphocytes and IL-17 Contribute to Parkinson's Disease? A Systematic Review of Available Evidence. Front Neurol 2019; 10:13. [PMID: 30733703 PMCID: PMC6353825 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, appearance of Lewy bodies and presence of neuroinflammation. No treatments currently exist to prevent PD or delay its progression, and dopaminergic substitution treatments just relieve the consequences of dopaminergic neuron loss. Increasing evidence points to peripheral T lymphocytes as key players in PD, and recently there has been growing interest into the specific role of T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes. Th17 are a proinflammatory CD4+ T cell lineage named after interleukin (IL)-17, the main cytokine produced by these cells. Th17 are involved in immune-related disease such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, and drugs targeting Th17/IL-17 are currently approved for clinical use in such disease. In the present paper, we first summarized current knowledge about contribution of the peripheral immune system in PD, as well as about the physiopharmacology of Th17 and IL-17 together with its therapeutic relevance. Thereafter, we systematically retrieved and evaluated published evidence about Th17 and IL-17 in PD, to help assessing Th17/IL-17-targeting drugs as potentially novel antiparkinson agents. Critical appraisal of the evidence did not allow to reach definite conclusions: both animal as well as clinical studies are limited, just a few provide mechanistic evidence and none of them investigates the eventual relationship between Th17/IL-17 and clinically relevant endpoints such as disease progression, disability scores, intensity of dopaminergic substitution treatment. Careful assessment of Th17 in PD is anyway a priority, as Th17/IL-17-targeting therapeutics might represent a straightforward opportunity for the unmet needs of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Cosentino
- Center of Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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57
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Yang L, Xing F, Han X, Li Q, Wu H, Shi H, Wang Z, Huang F, Wu X. Astragaloside IV regulates differentiation and induces apoptosis of activated CD4 + T cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 362:105-115. [PMID: 30385269 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells, especially T-helper (Th) cells (Th1, Th2 and Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) play pivotal role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a demyelinating autoimmune disease occurring in central nervous system (CNS). Astragaloside IV (ASI, CAS: 84687-43-4) is one of the saponins isolated from Astragalus membranceus, a traditional Chinese medicine with immunomodulatory effect. So far, whether ASI has curative effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, and how it affects the subsets of CD4+ T cells, as well as the underlying mechanism have not been clearly elucidated. In the present study, ASI was found to ameliorate the progression and hamper the recurrence of EAE effectively in the treatment regimens. It significantly reduced the demyelination and inflammatory infiltration of CNS in EAE mice by suppressing the percentage of Th1 and Th17 cells, which was closely associated with the inhibition of JAK/STAT and NF-κB signaling pathways. ASI also increased the percentage of Treg cells in spleen and CNS, which was accompanied by elevated Foxp3. However, in vitro experiments disclosed that ASI could regulate the differentiation of Th17 and Treg cells but not Th1 cells. In addition, it induced the apoptosis of MOG-stimulated CD4+ T cells probably through modulating STAT3/Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathways. Together, our findings suggested that ASI can modulate the differentiation of autoreactive CD4+ T cells and is a potential prodrug or drug for the treatment of MS and other similar autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Faping Xing
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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58
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Jafarzadeh A, Nemati M. Therapeutic potentials of ginger for treatment of Multiple sclerosis: A review with emphasis on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:54-75. [PMID: 30243185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory response-induced demyelination of the neurons and degeneration of the axons within the central nervous system (CNS). A complex network of immunopathological-, inflammatory- and oxidative parameters involve in the development and advancement of MS. The anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative characteristics of the ginger and several of its components have been indicated in some of experimental and clinical investigations. The possible therapeutic potentials of ginger and its ingredients in the treatment of MS may exert mainly through the regulation of the Th1-, Th2-, Th9-, Th17-, Th22- and Treg cell-related immune responses, down-regulation of the B cell-related immune responses, modulation of the macrophages-related responses, modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, down-regulation of the arachidonic acid-derived mediators, interfering with the toll like receptor-related signaling pathways, suppression of the inflammasomes, down-regulation of the oxidative stress, reduction of the adhesion molecules expression, and down-regulation of the expression of the chemokines and chemokine receptors. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory-, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of ginger and its components, and highlight novel insights into the possible therapeutic potentials of this plant for treatment of MS. The review encourages more investigations to consider the therapeutic potentials of ginger and its effective components for managing of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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59
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Sun X, Jia Z. Microbiome modulates intestinal homeostasis against inflammatory diseases. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 205:97-105. [PMID: 30459007 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating prophylactic antibiotics in food animal production has exerted pressure on discovering antimicrobial alternatives (e.g. microbiome) to reduce elevated intestinal diseases. Intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem coupling host cells with microbiota. The microbiota and its metabolic activities and products are collectively called microbiome. Intestinal homeostasis is reached through dynamic and delicate crosstalk between host immunity and microbiome. However, this balance can be occasionally broken, which results in intestinal inflammatory diseases such as human Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, chicken necrotic enteritis, and swine postweaning diarrhea. In this review, we introduce the intestinal immune system, intestinal microbiome, and microbiome modulation of inflammation against intestinal diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide updated knowledge on host-microbe interaction and to promote using microbiome as new antimicrobial strategies to reduce intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolun Sun
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States.
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, United States
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60
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Pereira FB, Dutra WO, Gollob KJ, Reis EA, Oliveira ALGD, Rocha MODC, Menezes CADS. Vasoactive intestinal peptide degradation might influence Interleukin-17 expression in cardiac chagasic patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e57. [PMID: 30365640 PMCID: PMC6199123 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression is lower in cardiac chagasic patients and is related to worse cardiac function. The reduction of VIP in patients with Chagas disease may be a result of its enhanced degradation. To test this hypothesis, the tryptase and chymase expression was evaluated. We also related VIP levels with interleukin-17 (IL-17) expression since VIP may modulate IL-17 production. Plasma levels of chymase were higher in chagasic patients. Conversely, VIP/chymase and VIP/tryptase ratios were lower in chagasic patients when compared to non-infected individuals. Besides, the VIP/chymase ratio was lower in chagasic cardiac patients in comparison with the indeterminate group. A positive correlation between tryptase and chymase levels was observed in chagasic cardiac patients. In relation to IL-17, we observed a higher expression of this cytokine in the cardiac form of the disease than in the indeterminate form. IL-17/VIP ratio was higher in the cardiac form in comparison with non-infected or indeterminate form. These results suggest that the low levels of VIP observed in chagasic patients could be due to an increased production of chymase and/or to the additive effect of the interaction between chymase and tryptase in the cardiac form. Moreover, the decreased VIP expression may contribute to the increase of IL-17 in chagasic cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walderez O. Dutra
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, Brazil
| | - Kenneth J. Gollob
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais, Brazil; A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Brazil
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61
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Ligons DL, Hwang S, Waickman AT, Park JY, Luckey MA, Park JH. RORγt limits the amount of the cytokine receptor γc through the prosurvival factor Bcl-x L in developing thymocytes. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/545/eaam8939. [PMID: 30154103 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine receptor subunit γc provides critical signals for T cell survival and differentiation. We investigated the molecular mechanism that controls the cell surface abundance of γc during T cell development in the thymus. We found that the amount of γc was low on CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocytes before their positive selection to become mature T cells. The transcription factor RORγt was abundant in immature DP thymocytes, and its loss resulted in an increase in the abundance of surface γc, specifically on preselection DP cells. Rather than directly repressing expression of the gene encoding γc, RORγt acted through the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL to reduce the abundance of surface γc, which resulted in decreased cytokine signaling and was associated with inhibition of cell metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Accordingly, overexpression of Bcl-xL in RORγt-deficient thymocytes restored the amount of surface γc to that present on normal preselection DP cells. Together, these data highlight a previously unappreciated role for RORγt and Bcl-xL in limiting γc abundance at the cell surface and reveal a signaling circuit in which survival factors control cytokine signaling by limiting the abundance and surface distribution of a receptor subunit shared by several cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinna L Ligons
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam T Waickman
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joo-Young Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Megan A Luckey
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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62
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Cavalcanti-Neto MP, Prado RQ, Piñeros AR, Sérgio CA, Bertolini TB, Gembre AF, Ramos SG, Bonato VL. Improvement of the resistance against early Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infection in the absence of PI3Kγ enzyme is associated with increase of CD4+IL-17+ cells and neutrophils. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:1-9. [PMID: 30514491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the impossibility to study the lung immune response during Mycobacterium tuberculosis-latent infection, and consequently, the mechanisms that control the bacterial load, it is reasonable to determine the activation of local immunity in the early phase of the infection. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma enzyme (PI3Kγ) is involved in the leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis and cellular differentiation, and therefore, it is considered a promising target for the development of immunotherapies for chronic inflammatory diseases. Mice genetically deficient in PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-/-) or WT (Wild Type) were evaluated 15 days post-infection. The enzyme deficiency improved the resistance against infection, increased the frequency of CD4+IL-17+ cells, the production of IL-17 as well as the gene and protein expression of molecules associated with Th17 cell differentiation and neutrophil recruitment. Our findings show, for the first time, the participation of the PI3Kγ in vivo in the M. tuberculosis-infection, and suggest an association of Th17 cells with protection in the early phase of tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Cavalcanti-Neto
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Modulation, Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, Coari, Brazil
| | - R Q Prado
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A R Piñeros
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C A Sérgio
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Bertolini
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Gembre
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S G Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V L Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Programe, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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63
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Sun J, Li L, Li L, Ding L, Liu X, Chen X, Zhang J, Qi X, Du J, Huang Z. Metallothionein-1 suppresses rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by shifting the Th17/Treg balance. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1550-1562. [PMID: 30055006 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It is now well accepted that an imbalance between the Th17 and regulatory T-cell responses is closely associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the precise regulatory mechanism for the differentiation of Th17 and Treg in RA is not well characterized. The present study showed that metallothionein-1 (MT-1), which is a low molecular weight protein that is involved in the detoxification of heavy metals and scavenging of free radicals, was upregulated in RA. Furthermore, the synovial inflammation and pathologic symptoms in collagen-induced arthritis and collagen antibody-induced arthritis mice were significantly suppressed when MT-1 was expressed intraarticularly. Further investigation revealed that MT-1 inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells but enhanced that of Treg cells. Furthermore, it markedly decreased both STAT3 and RAR-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) expression in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that MT-1 might manifest as a protein involved in immunosuppression of RA pathogenesis by shifting Th17/Treg balance and may prove to be a potential therapeutic target for RA autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Sun
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaokai Liu
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianxiong Chen
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinshun Zhang
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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64
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Arcoleo F, Lo Pizzo M, Misiano G, Milano S, Romano GC, Muggeo V, Cillari E. The complex alteration in the network of IL-17-type cytokines in patients with hereditary angioedema. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:355-361. [PMID: 29623491 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomic-dominant disorder characterized by a deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor which causes episodic swellings of subcutaneous tissues, bowel walls and upper airways that are disabling and potentially life-threatening. We evaluated n = 17 patients with confirmed HAE diagnosis during attack and remission state and n = 19 healthy subjects. The samples were tested for a panel of IL (Interleukin)-17-type cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-17, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) subtypes. Data indicate that there are variations of cytokine levels in HAE subjects comparing the condition during the crisis respect to the value in the remission phase, in particular type 17 signature cytokines are increased, whereas IL-23 is unmodified and TGF-β3 is significantly reduced. When comparing healthy and HAE subjects in the remission state, we found a significant difference for IL-17, GM-CSF, IL-21, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 cytokines. These results confirm and extend our previous findings indicating that in HAE there is operating an inflammatory activation process, which involves also T helper 17 (Th17) cytokines and TGF-β isoforms, associated with localized angioedema attacks and characterized by elevated bradykinin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arcoleo
- Patologia Clinica Presidio Ospedaliero V. Cervello, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Lo Pizzo
- Patologia Clinica Presidio Ospedaliero V. Cervello, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misiano
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Milano
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Colonna Romano
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche (DIBIMED), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Muggeo
- Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico Cillari
- Dipartimento Immunologia Allergologia, Istituto Medico Europeo (ISME), Palermo, Italy
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Allam G, Abdel-Moneim A, Gaber AM. The pleiotropic role of interleukin-17 in atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1412-1418. [PMID: 30119214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which considers the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of arterials' wall in which the development and the destabilization of plaque occur. Both innate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in modifying lipoproteins in arterials' wall. Recent investigations have demonstrated the opposing roles of CD4+ T cells subtypes in atherosclerosis. T helper-1 (Th1) response and pro-inflammatory cytokines possess proatherogenic effects, whereas T regulatory (Treg) cells have an atheroprotective role. Th17 cells have emerged as a new CD4+ T-cell subtype, which produce IL-17 that plays a crucial role in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Recently, several studies have investigated the potential role of IL-17 in atherosclerosis. Some investigations have suggested a proatherogenic effect, however the others proposed an atheroprotective role. Hence, the exact role of IL-17 in the disease development and plaque stability is still debatable. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on both atherogenesis and atheroprotective roles of IL-17. In addition, the synergistic and antagonistic effects of IL-17 with other cytokines in atherosclerosis will be discussed. On the basis of the current understanding of these roles, the possibility of developing novel therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis may be evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Allam
- Immunology Section, Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia; Immunology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Gaber
- Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Jafarzadeh A, Azizi SV, Arabi Z, Ahangar-Parvin R, Mohammadi-Kordkhayli M, Larussa T, Khatami F, Nemati M. Vitamin D down-regulates the expression of some Th17 cell-related cytokines, key inflammatory chemokines, and chemokine receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 22:725-737. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1436237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sayyed Vahab Azizi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Arabi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Rayhaneh Ahangar-Parvin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro ‘Magna Graecia’, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Fariba Khatami
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Para-Medicine School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Rydzewska M, Jaromin M, Pasierowska IE, Stożek K, Bossowski A. Role of the T and B lymphocytes in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Thyroid Res 2018; 11:2. [PMID: 29449887 PMCID: PMC5812228 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-018-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) broadly include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis which are the most common causes of thyroid gland dysfunctions. These disorders develop due to complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors and are characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens due to autoreactive lymphocytes escaping tolerance. Both cell-mediated and humoral responses lead to tissue injury in autoimmune thyroid disease. The differentiation of CD4+ cells in the specific setting of immune mediators (for example cytokines, chemokines) results in differentiation of various T cell subsets. T cell identification has shown a mixed pattern of cytokine production indicating that both subtypes of T helper, Th1 and Th2, responses are involved in all types of AITD. Furthermore, recent studies described T cell subtypes Th17 and Treg which also play an essential role in pathogenesis of AITD. This review will focus on the role of the T regulatory (Treg) and T helper (Th) (especially Th17) lymphocytes, and also of B lymphocytes in AITD pathogenesis. However, we have much more to learn about cellular mechanisms and interactions in AITD before we can develop complete understanding of AITD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rydzewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Michał Jaromin
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Izabela Elżbieta Pasierowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Karlina Stożek
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Białystok, Poland
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68
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Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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69
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Genetic and experimental evidence for the involvement of the CD6 lymphocyte receptor in psoriasis. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:898-906. [PMID: 29225340 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a strong genetic background and is triggered by environmental factors. Available evidence supports CD6, a lymphocyte surface receptor mostly expressed by T cells, as a putative target in autoimmunity. Accordingly, a humanized anti-CD6 antibody has been assayed for the treatment of certain autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis. Here, we present novel evidence in mice and humans for a direct involvement of CD6 in psoriasis pathophysiology. First, an attenuated form of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation was demonstrated in CD6-deficient mice, as deduced from lower epidermal thickness and local reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, namely, interleukin-17A. Thus, isolated CD4+CD62L+ T cells from CD6-deficient mice displayed decreased in vitro T-helper type 17 polarization. Second, a statistically significant association between CD6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs17824933, rs11230563 and rs12360861) and more severe forms of psoriasis was demonstrated in a cohort of 304 patients at three public hospitals from the metropolitan area of Barcelona. Taken together, these results provide new supportive evidence of the contribution of the CD6 lymphocyte receptor in psoriasis at both experimental and clinical levels.
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Verma AH, Richardson JP, Zhou C, Coleman BM, Moyes DL, Ho J, Huppler AR, Ramani K, McGeachy MJ, Mufazalov IA, Waisman A, Kane LP, Biswas PS, Hube B, Naglik JR, Gaffen SL. Oral epithelial cells orchestrate innate type 17 responses to Candida albicans through the virulence factor candidalysin. Sci Immunol 2017; 2:eaam8834. [PMID: 29101209 PMCID: PMC5881387 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aam8834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a dimorphic commensal fungus that causes severe oral infections in immunodeficient patients. Invasion of C. albicans hyphae into oral epithelium is an essential virulence trait. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling is required for both innate and adaptive immunity to C. albicans During the innate response, IL-17 is produced by γδ T cells and a poorly understood population of innate-acting CD4+ αβ T cell receptor (TCRαβ)+ cells, but only the TCRαβ+ cells expand during acute infection. Confirming the innate nature of these cells, the TCR was not detectably activated during the primary response, as evidenced by Nur77eGFP mice that report antigen-specific signaling through the TCR. Rather, the expansion of innate TCRαβ+ cells was driven by both intrinsic and extrinsic IL-1R signaling. Unexpectedly, there was no requirement for CCR6/CCL20-dependent recruitment or prototypical fungal pattern recognition receptors. However, C. albicans mutants that cannot switch from yeast to hyphae showed impaired TCRαβ+ cell proliferation and Il17a expression. This prompted us to assess the role of candidalysin, a hyphal-associated peptide that damages oral epithelial cells and triggers production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1. Candidalysin-deficient strains failed to up-regulate Il17a or drive the proliferation of innate TCRαβ+ cells. Moreover, candidalysin signaled synergistically with IL-17, which further augmented the expression of IL-1α/β and other cytokines. Thus, IL-17 and C. albicans, via secreted candidalysin, amplify inflammation in a self-reinforcing feed-forward loop. These findings challenge the paradigm that hyphal formation per se is required for the oral innate response and demonstrate that establishment of IL-1- and IL-17-dependent innate immunity is induced by tissue-damaging hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash H Verma
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jonathan P Richardson
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chunsheng Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bianca M Coleman
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - David L Moyes
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jemima Ho
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna R Huppler
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Health System, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kritika Ramani
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ilgiz A Mufazalov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lawrence P Kane
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Partha S Biswas
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian R Naglik
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Sarah L Gaffen
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Werneck-Silva AL, Pagliari C, Patzina RA, Takakura CFH, Duarte MI. Esophageal mucosa in HIV infection: A"deeper" look at this little spoken organ. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:1832-1838. [PMID: 28387430 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although the esophagus is a common site of opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, little is known about the impact of HIV as well as opportunistic infection in the esophageal mucosa. Our aim is to analyze the esophageal immune profile in HIV+ patients with different immunological status with and without the opportunistic Candida infection. METHODS Immunohistochemistry to CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, γ-interferon, transforming growth factor-β, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13, and IL-17 was performed in esophageal samples of 40 chronically HIV+ patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (16 with Candida esophagitis, 12 virologically non-supressed with blood CD4 count < 500, and 12 virologically suppressed with blood CD4 count > 500; the latter two groups without esophageal candidiasis). The controls were 12 HIV-negative healthy individuals. RESULTS Esophageal CD4+ T-cell expression in HIV+ patients did not differ from the control group (P = 0.50). Mucosal CD8+ T-cell expression was significantly increased in HIV+ patients (P = 0.0018). Candida esophagitis and virologically non-supressed HIV+ patients with CD4 < 500 showed an increased expression of IL-17 and IL-6 with fewer expressions of γ-interferon, more attenuated in the latter group. Transforming growth factor-β was increased only in virologically suppressed HIV+ patients with CD4 > 500. IL-4 and IL-13 were similar to the control group. CONCLUSION In contrast to CD8+ T-cell expression, esophageal CD4+ T-cell expression does not reflect the HIV+ patient's immunological status. T-helper 17 (Th17) response seems to play a role in the esophageal mucosa of virologically non-supressed HIV+ patients with blood CD4 < 500. Candida esophagitis showed a Th1/Th17 response but seems to be dominantly regulated by the Th17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Werneck-Silva
- Casa da AIDS-Infectious Disease Division, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Division, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Pagliari
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli A Patzina
- Disciplina de Patologia, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Irma Duarte
- Laboratório da Disciplina de Patologia de Moléstias Transmissíveis, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque SDC, Pessoa-e-Silva R, Trajano-Silva LAM, de Goes TC, de Morais RCS, da C. Oliveira CN, de Lorena VMB, de Paiva-Cavalcanti M. The Equivocal Role of Th17 Cells and Neutrophils on Immunopathogenesis of Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1437. [PMID: 29163510 PMCID: PMC5670345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of leishmaniasis progression indicate that cellular interactions more complex than the Th1/Th2 paradigm define the course of infection. Th17 cells are a crucial modulator of adaptive immunity against Leishmania parasites acting mainly on neutrophil recruitment and playing a dual role at the site of infection. This review describes the roles of both these cell types in linking innate defense responses to the establishment of specific immunity. We focus on the Th17-neutrophil interaction as a crucial component of anti-Leishmania immunity, and the clinical evolution of cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis. To date, information obtained through experimental models and patient evaluations suggests that the influence of the presence of interleukin (IL)-17 (the main cytokine produced by Th17 cells) and neutrophils during Leishmania infections is strictly dependent on the tissue (skin or liver/spleen) and parasite species. Also, the time at which neutrophils are recruited, and the persistence of IL-17 in the infection microenvironment, may also be significant. A clearer understanding of these interactions will enable better measurement of the influence of IL-17 and its regulators, and contribute to the identification of disease/resistance biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo Pessoa-e-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lays A. M. Trajano-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tayná Correia de Goes
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rayana C. S. de Morais
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cíntia N. da C. Oliveira
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M. B. de Lorena
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Milena de Paiva-Cavalcanti
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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The Th17 Lineage: From Barrier Surfaces Homeostasis to Autoimmunity, Cancer, and HIV-1 Pathogenesis. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100303. [PMID: 29048384 PMCID: PMC5691654 DOI: 10.3390/v9100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a subset of CD4+ T-cells with unique effector functions, developmental plasticity, and stem-cell features. Th17 cells bridge innate and adaptive immunity against fungal and bacterial infections at skin and mucosal barrier surfaces. Although Th17 cells have been extensively studied in the context of autoimmunity, their role in various other pathologies is underexplored and remains an area of open investigation. This review summarizes the history of Th17 cell discovery and the current knowledge relative to the beneficial role of Th17 cells in maintaining mucosal immunity homeostasis. We further discuss the concept of Th17 pathogenicity in the context of autoimmunity, cancer, and HIV infection, and we review the most recent discoveries on molecular mechanisms regulating HIV replication/persistence in pathogenic Th17 cells. Finally, we stress the need for novel fundamental research discovery-based Th17-specific therapeutic interventions to treat pathogenic conditions associated with Th17 abnormalities, including HIV infection.
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Pir-B inhibits the DC function and disturbs the Th17/Treg balance in lung cancer murine model. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114710-114721. [PMID: 29383114 PMCID: PMC5777726 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (Pir-B) was an inhibitory receptor expressed on the surfaces of dendritic cells (DCs). Pir-B inhibit T helper (Th) 1 response and induce Th2 cell differentiation, leading to the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cells. However, the role and potential mechanism of Pir-B on the balance of Th17/regulatory T cells (Tregs) is still largely unknown in lung cancer murine model. In the present study, the DC function and Th17/Treg balance were destroyed during the progression of lung cancer and this was accompanied by an increased expression of Pir-B. After transfection with Pir-B siRNA or administration of IL-6 in vitro, the decreased response of Th17 cells were restored, whereas the augmented differentiation of Tregs was diminished. Further, the transfer of Pir-B silenced DCs or the injection of IL-6 in vivo increased Th17 response and decreased Treg differentiation. Our study has demonstrated that Pir-B inhibits the DC function and disturbs the Th17/Treg balance via IL-6 pathway during the progression of lung cancer, contributing to inhibited antitumor immunity.
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Interleukin-17-positive mast cells influence outcomes from BCG for patients with CIS: Data from a comprehensive characterisation of the immune microenvironment of urothelial bladder cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184841. [PMID: 28931051 PMCID: PMC5607173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour immune microenvironment is considered to influence cancer behaviour and outcome. Using a panel of markers for innate and adaptive immune cells we set out to characterise and understand the bladder tumour microenvironment of 114 patients from a prospective multicentre cohort of newly-diagnosed bladder cancer patients, followed-up for 4.33±1.71 years. We found IL-17-positive cells were significantly increased in primary and concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS), p<0.0001, a highly malignant lesion which is the most significant single risk factor for disease progression. Further characterisation of the tumour immunophenotype identified IL-17+ cells as predominantly mast cells rather than T-cells, in contrast to most other tumour types. Expression of the IL-17-receptor in bladder tumours, and functional effects and gene expression changes induced by IL-17 in bladder tumour cells in vitro suggest a role in tumour behaviour. Finally, we assessed the effects of IL-17 in the context of patient outcome, following intravesical BCG immunotherapy which is the standard of care; higher numbers of IL-17+ cells were associated with improved event-free survival (p = 0.0449, HR 0.2918, 95% CI 0.08762–0.9721) in patients with primary and concomitant CIS (n = 41), we propose a model of IL-17+ Mast cells mechanism of action. Thus, in the context of bladder CIS, IL-17+ mast cells predict favourable outcome following BCG immunotherapy indicative of a novel mechanism of BCG immunotherapy in UBC and could form the basis of a stratified approach to treatment.
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Balato A, Scala E, Balato N, Caiazzo G, Di Caprio R, Monfrecola G, Raimondo A, Lembo S, Ayala F. Biologics that inhibit the Th17 pathway and related cytokines to treat inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1363-1374. [PMID: 28791896 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1363884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in the understanding of TNF-α and IL-17 synergistic functions have recently led to the concept that patients who do not respond or who respond inadequately to TNF-α inhibitors may have IL-17-driven diseases, opening up the way for a new class of therapeutic development: Th17-inhibitors. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the central role that the IL-23/Th17 axis plays in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, highlighting its position as a relevant therapeutic target. In particular, the authors start by giving a brief historical excursus on biologic agent development up until the success of TNF-α inhibitors, and continue with an overview of IL12/23 pathway inhibition. Next, they describe Th17 cell biology, focusing on the role of IL-17 in host defense and in human immune-inflammatory diseases, discussing the use and side effects of IL-17 inhibitors. Expert opinion: The IL-23/Th17 signaling pathway plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis. Recent data has demonstrated that biologics neutralizing IL-17 (ixekizumab, secukinumab) or its receptor (brodalumab) are highly effective with a positive safety profile in treating moderate to severe psoriasis, offering new treatment possibilities, especially for patients who do not respond adequately to anti-TNF-α therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Balato
- a Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Emanuele Scala
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Nicola Balato
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Roberta Di Caprio
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Monfrecola
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Annunziata Raimondo
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | - Serena Lembo
- c Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry , "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno , Salerno , Italy
| | - Fabio Ayala
- b Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
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Scholz T, Weigert A, Brüne B, Sadik CD, Böhm B, Burkhardt H. GM-CSF in murine psoriasiform dermatitis: Redundant and pathogenic roles uncovered by antibody-induced neutralization and genetic deficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182646. [PMID: 28777803 PMCID: PMC5544216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a pleiotropic, Th17-derived cytokine thought to critically contribute to the pathogenesis of diverse autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Treatment with monoclonal antibodies that block GM-CSF activity is associated with favorable therapeutic effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We evaluated the role of GM-CSF as a potential target for therapeutic interference in psoriasis using a combined pharmacologic and genetic approach and the mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasiform dermatitis (IMQPD). Neutralization of murine GM-CSF by an anti-GM-CSF antibody ameliorated IMQPD. In contrast, genetic deficiency in GM-CSF did not alter the course of IMQPD, suggesting the existence of mechanisms compensating for chronic, but not acute, absence of GM-CSF. Further investigation uncovered an alternative pathogenic pathway for IMQPD in the absence of GM-CSF characterized by an expanded plasmacytoid dendritic cell population and release of IFNα and IL-22. This pathway was not activated in wild-type mice during short-term anti-GM-CSF treatment. Our investigations support the potential value of GM-CSF as a therapeutic target in psoriatic disease. The discovery of an alternative pathogenic pathway for psoriasiform dermatitis in the permanent absence of GM-CSF, however, suggests the need for monitoring during therapeutic use of long-term GM-CSF blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Scholz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I-Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian D. Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Beate Böhm
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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78
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Steinmeyer S, Howsmon DP, Alaniz RC, Hahn J, Jayaraman A. Empirical modeling of T cell activation predicts interplay of host cytokines and bacterial indole. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 114:2660-2667. [PMID: 28667749 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of anti-inflammatory FOXP3+ Tregs has gained attention as a new therapeutic strategy for auto-inflammatory disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The isolated cells are conditioned in vitro to obtain a sufficient number of anti-inflammatory FOXP3+ Tregs that can be reintroduced into the patient to potentially reduce the pathologic inflammatory response. Previous evidence suggests that microbiota metabolites can potentially condition cells during the in vitro expansion/differentiation step. However, the number of combinations of cytokines and metabolites that can be varied is large, preventing a purely experimental investigation which would determine optimal cell therapeutic outcomes. To address this problem, a combined experimental and modeling approached is investigated here: an artificial neural network model was trained to predict the steady-state T cell population phenotype after differentiation with a variety of host cytokines and the microbial metabolite indole. This artificial neural network model was able to both reliably predict the phenotype of these T cell populations and also uncover unexpected conditions for optimal Treg differentiation that were subsequently verified experimentally. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2660-2667. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Steinmeyer
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas
| | - Daniel P Howsmon
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., CBIS # 4213, Troy, New York, 12180.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert C Alaniz
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas
| | - Juergen Hahn
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth St., CBIS # 4213, Troy, New York, 12180.,Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Arul Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3122 TAMU Room 200, College Station, Texas, 77843
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79
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Esfahanian F, Ghelich R, Rashidian H, Jadali Z. Increased Levels of Serum Interleukin-17 in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:551-554. [PMID: 28670539 PMCID: PMC5477443 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_412_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD4+ T-cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). However, there is limited data about characteristics and function of the newly interleukin (IL)-17-producing T-helper cells in this common autoimmune thyroid disorder. AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of T-helper 17-related cytokines in sera of patients with HT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytokine concentrations were measured in 48 patients with overt (n = 23) and subclinical hypothyroidism (25) and 35 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The serum levels of IL-17 were significantly higher in patients than controls (P = 0.001) while no differences were observed with regard to levels of IL-22 and IL-23 between patients and normal controls. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-17 could play some role in the pathogenesis of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Esfahanian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endocrinology, Imam Khomeini General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Ghelich
- Department of Endocrinology, Imam Khomeini General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Rashidian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jadali
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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80
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Nordlohne J, von Vietinghoff S. Interleukin 17A in atherosclerosis - Regulation and pathophysiologic effector function. Cytokine 2017; 122:154089. [PMID: 28663097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current data on the interleukin (IL)-17A pathway in experimental atherosclerosis and clinical data. IL-17A is a prominent cytokine for early T cell response produced by both innate and adaptive leukocytes. In atherosclerosis, increased total IL-17A levels and expression in CD4+ T helper and γδ T cells have been demonstrated. Cytokines including IL-6 and TGFβ that increase IL-17A expression are elevated. Many other factors such as lipids, glucose and sodium chloride concentrations as well as vitamins and arylhydrocarbon receptor agonists that promote IL-17A expression are closely associated with cardiovascular risk in the human population. In acute inflammation models, IL-17A mediates innate leukocyte recruitment of both neutrophils and monocytes. In atherosclerosis, IL-17A increased aortic macrophage and T cell infiltration in most models. Secondary recruitment effects via the endothelium and according to recent data also pericytes have been demonstrated. IL-17 receptor A is highly expressed on monocytes and direct effects have been reported as well. Beyond leukocyte accumulation, IL-17A may affect other factors of plaque formation such as endothelial function, and according to some reports, fibrous cap formation and vascular relaxation with an increase in blood pressure. Anti-IL-17A agents are now available for clinical use. Cardiovascular side effect profiles are benign at this point. IL-17A appears to be a differential regulator of atherosclerosis and its effects in mouse models suggest that its modulation may have contradictory effects on plaque size and possibly stability in different patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Nordlohne
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sibylle von Vietinghoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Rogier R, Ederveen THA, Boekhorst J, Wopereis H, Scher JU, Manasson J, Frambach SJCM, Knol J, Garssen J, van der Kraan PM, Koenders MI, van den Berg WB, van Hijum SAFT, Abdollahi-Roodsaz S. Aberrant intestinal microbiota due to IL-1 receptor antagonist deficiency promotes IL-17- and TLR4-dependent arthritis. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:63. [PMID: 28645307 PMCID: PMC5481968 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbation of commensal intestinal microbiota has been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (Il1rn -/- mice) spontaneously develop autoimmune arthritis and are susceptible to other autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, diabetes, and encephalomyelitis; however, the mechanisms of increased susceptibility to these autoimmune phenotypes are poorly understood. We investigated the role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in regulation of commensal intestinal microbiota, and assessed the involvement of microbiota subsets and innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses that underlie the development of spontaneous arthritis in Il1rn -/- mice. RESULTS Using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we show that IL-1Ra critically maintains the diversity and regulates the composition of intestinal microbiota in mice. IL-1Ra deficiency reduced the intestinal microbial diversity and richness, and caused specific taxonomic alterations characterized by overrepresented Helicobacter and underrepresented Ruminococcus and Prevotella. Notably, the aberrant intestinal microbiota in IL1rn -/- mice specifically potentiated IL-17 production by intestinal lamina propria (LP) lymphocytes and skewed the LP T cell balance in favor of T helper 17 (Th17) cells, an effect transferable to WT mice by fecal microbiota. Importantly, LP Th17 cell expansion and the development of spontaneous autoimmune arthritis in IL1rn -/- mice were attenuated under germ-free condition. Selective antibiotic treatment revealed that tobramycin-induced alterations of commensal intestinal microbiota, i.e., reduced Helicobacter, Flexispira, Clostridium, and Dehalobacterium, suppressed arthritis in IL1rn -/- mice. The arthritis phenotype in IL1rn -/- mice was previously shown to depend on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Using the ablation of both IL-1Ra and TLR4, we here show that the aberrations in the IL1rn -/- microbiota are partly TLR4-dependent. We further identify a role for TLR4 activation in the intestinal lamina propria production of IL-17 and cytokines involved in Th17 differentiation preceding the onset of arthritis. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify a critical role for IL1Ra in maintaining the natural diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota, and suggest a role for TLR4 in mucosal Th17 cell induction associated with the development of autoimmune disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Rogier
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H. A. Ederveen
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Boekhorst
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Harm Wopereis
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jose U. Scher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 301 East 17th Street, Room 1611A, New York, USA
| | - Julia Manasson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 301 East 17th Street, Room 1611A, New York, USA
| | - Sanne J. C. M. Frambach
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M. van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije I. Koenders
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim B. van den Berg
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sacha A. F. T. van Hijum
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- NIZO food research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Shahla Abdollahi-Roodsaz
- Experimental Rheumatology (272), Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 301 East 17th Street, Room 1611A, New York, USA
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Dohlman TH, Ding J, Dana R, Chauhan SK. T Cell-Derived Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Contributes to Dry Eye Disease Pathogenesis by Promoting CD11b+ Myeloid Cell Maturation and Migration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:1330-1336. [PMID: 28241321 PMCID: PMC5341624 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Growing evidence suggests that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to T helper 17 (Th17) cell-associated immunoinflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of T cell-derived GM-CSF on CD11b+ myeloid cell function in dry eye disease (DED). Methods In a murine model of DED, quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA were used to measure GM-CSF expression at the ocular surface, and flow cytometry was used to enumerate GM-CSF producing Th17 cells. A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neutralizing antibody was used topically in vivo and in an in vitro culture system to evaluate the role of GM-CSF in recruiting and maturing CD11b+ cells. Clinical disease severity was evaluated after topical administration of GM-CSF neutralizing antibody. Results In dry eye disease, GM-CSF is significantly upregulated at the ocular surface and the frequency of GM-CSF producing Th17 cells is significantly increased in the draining lymph nodes. In vitro neutralization of GM-CSF from CD4+ T cells derived from DED mice suppresses major histocompatibility complex II expression by CD11b+ cells and CD11b+ cell migration. Topical neutralization of GM-CSF in a murine model of DED suppresses CD11b+ maturation and migration, as well as Th17 cell induction, yielding a reduction in clinical signs of disease. Conclusions T helper 17 cell-derived GM-CSF contributes to DED pathogenesis by promoting CD11b+ cell activation and migration to the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Julia Ding
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Abstract
Over the past 5 years, advances in high-throughput techniques and studies involving large cohorts of patients have led to considerable advances in the identification of novel genetic associations and immune pathways involved in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). These discoveries include genes encoding cytokine receptors, transcription factors, signalling molecules and transport proteins. Although progress has been made in understanding the functions and potential pathogenic roles of some of these molecules, much work remains to be done to comprehend their complex interactions and therapeutic potential in AS. In this Review, we outline the current knowledge of AS pathogenesis, including genetic risk associations, HLA-B27-mediated pathology, perturbations in antigen-presentation pathways and the contribution of the type 3 immune response.
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84
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Zou Y, Chen X, Liu J, Zhou DB, Kuang X, Xiao J, Yu Q, Lu X, Li W, Xie B, Chen Q. Serum IL-1β and IL-17 levels in patients with COPD: associations with clinical parameters. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:1247-1254. [PMID: 28490868 PMCID: PMC5413485 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s131877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized mainly by neutrophil airway infiltrations. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-17 are the key mediators of neutrophilic airway inflammation in COPD. This study was undertaken to evaluate the serum IL-1β and IL-17 levels and associations between these two key mediators with clinical parameters in COPD patients. Serum samples were collected from 60 COPD subjects during the acute exacerbation of COPD, 60 subjects with stable COPD and 40 healthy control subjects. Commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure the serum IL-1β and IL-17 concentrations. The association between serum IL-1β and IL-17 with FEV1% predicted, C-reactive protein, neutrophil percentage and smoking status (pack-years) was assessed in the COPD patients. We found that serum IL-1β and IL-17 levels in acute exacerbation of COPD subjects were significantly higher than that in stable COPD or control subjects and were positively correlated to serum C-reactive protein levels, neutrophil % and smoking status (pack-years) but negatively correlated with FEV1% predicted in COPD patients. More importantly, serum IL-1β levels were markedly positively associated with serum IL-17 levels in patients with COPD (P=0.741, P<0.001). In conclusion, elevated serum IL-1β and IL-17 levels may be used as a biomarker for indicating persistent neutrophilic airway inflammation and potential ongoing exacerbation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Bo Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Xiao Kuang
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Qiao Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University
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85
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T-Bet independent development of IFNγ secreting natural T helper 1 cell population in the absence of Itk. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45935. [PMID: 28406139 PMCID: PMC5390256 DOI: 10.1038/srep45935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1, Th2, Th9 and Th17 cells are conventional CD4+ effector T cells identified as secretors of prototypical cytokines IFNγ, IL4, IL9, and IL-17A respectively. Recently, populations of natural Th17 and Th1 cells (nTh17 and nTh1) with innate-like phenotype have been identified in the thymus that are distinct from conventional Th17 and Th1 cells. The absence of the Tec family kinase Interleukin-2 inducible T cell kinase (Itk) results in T cell immunodeficiency in mice and humans. Here we show that Itk negatively regulates the development of nTh1 cells that express IFNγ in a Tbet independent manner, and whose expansion can be enhanced by IL4. Furthermore, we show that robust induction of IL4 responses during Trichinella spiralis infection enhance the presence of nTh1 cells. We conclude T cell receptor signaling via Itk controls the development of natural Th1 cells, which are expanded by the presence of IL4.
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86
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Liu R, Gao C, Chen H, Li Y, Jin Y, Qi H. Analysis of Th17-associated cytokines and clinical correlations in patients with dry eye disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173301. [PMID: 28379971 PMCID: PMC5381865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the expressions of three Th17-associated cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-6 and IL-23, in protein and mRNA levels and their correlations with ocular surface parameters in patients with dry eye disease (DED) through a small sample size case control study. A total of 45 female subjects were divided into Sjögren's syndrome (SS) DED group, non-Sjögren's syndrome (non-SS) DED group and control group. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) was self-answered and clinical tests including tear-film breakup time (BUT), Schirmer I test, cornea fluorescein staining (CFS) were performed. The conjunctival mRNA expressions of these cytokines were investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the levels of protein in tears were measured by mutiplex bead analysis. The correlations between cytokines and ocular surface parameters were analyzed. Results show that the expressions of IL-17A and IL-6 in protein and mRNA levels were both significantly increased in the DED group (P<0.05), and also higher in SS group comparing to the non-SS group (P<0.05). Moreover, IL-17A and IL-6 correlated well with ocular surface parameters (all P<0.05, R values range from 0.5-0.8). Despite the expression of IL-23 was significantly increased in the DED group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference found between the expressions of IL-23 in SS group and non-SS group (P>0.05) and no correlation found between the IL-23 and any ocular surface parameter (P>0.05). These findings indicates that the three Th17-associated cytokines, IL-17A, IL-6 and IL-23, play roles in the pathogenesis of DED and the expressions of IL-17A and IL-6 in tears have potential to be diagnostic biomarkers for DED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caifeng Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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87
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Yuan Q, Zhao Y, Zhu X, Liu X. Low regulatory T cell and high IL-17 mRNA expression in a mouse Graves' disease model. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:397-407. [PMID: 27822606 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease, and the most important characteristic of it is the presence of the thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb). The mechanisms of the TSAb elevation are still uncertain. Recent studies have suggested that the dysregulation of regulatory T cell (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) might stimulate the production of TSAb and be a pathogenesis of GD. However, the role of Treg and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of GD is still debated. Our aim is to assess changes of Treg and Th17 cells in the spleen of a mouse in an in vivo GD model and try to explain the pathogenesis of GD. METHODS We used an adenovirus expressing the autoantigen thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (Ad-TSHR289) to immunise mice in order to induce GD in the model. Flow cytometry was used to measure the frequencies of splenic Treg and Th17 cells and real-time PCR to analyse the mRNA expression of forkhead box P3(Foxp3) and interleukin-17(IL-17). RESULTS Compared with the Ad-Control group, the frequencies of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells were significantly decreased (p = 0.007) and gene expression of Foxp3 was down-regulated (p = 0.001) in the Ad-TSHR289 group. Though there was no significant difference in CD4+IL-17+ T cell subpopulation between the two groups (p = 0.336), the IL-17 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in the Ad-TSHR289 group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The pathogenesis of GD may be associated with reduced Treg cells and increased IL-17 gene expression. The increased IL-17 mRNA needs to be explained by other mechanisms but not Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yuan
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Laboratory of Diabetes, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Kong Y, Wang YT, Cao XN, Song Y, Chen YH, Sun YQ, Wang Y, Zhang XH, Xu LP, Huang XJ. Aberrant T cell responses in the bone marrow microenvironment of patients with poor graft function after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Transl Med 2017; 15:57. [PMID: 28292332 PMCID: PMC5351211 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1159-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Poor graft function (PGF)
is a life-threatening complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Nevertheless, whether abnormalities of T cell subsets in the bone marrow (BM) immune microenvironment, including Th17, Tc17, Th1, Tc1, Th2, Tc2 cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), are involved in the pathogenesis of PGF remains unclear. Methods This prospective nested case–control study enrolled 20 patients with PGF, 40 matched patients with good graft function (GGF) after allo-HSCT, and 20 healthy donors (HD). Th17, Tc17, Th1, Tc1, Th2, Tc2 cells, Tregs and their subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results A significantly higher proportion of stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that produced IL-17 (Th17 and Tc17) was found in the BM of PGF patients than in the BM of GGF patients and HD, whereas the percentages of Tregs in PGF patients were comparable to those in GGF patients and HD, resulting in a dramatically elevated ratio of Th17 cells/Tregs in the BM of PGF patients relative to those in GGF patients. Moreover, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were polarized towards a type 1 immune response in the BM of PGF patients. Conclusions The present study revealed that aberrant T cell responses in the BM immune microenvironment may be involved in the pathogenesis of PGF after allo-HSCT. These findings will facilitate the optimization of immune regulation strategies and improve the outcome of PGF patients post-allotransplant. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1159-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Kong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu-Tong Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xie-Na Cao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yang Song
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu-Qian Sun
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Lan-Ping Xu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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89
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Franchi L, Monteleone I, Hao LY, Spahr MA, Zhao W, Liu X, Demock K, Kulkarni A, Lesch CA, Sanchez B, Carter L, Marafini I, Hu X, Mashadova O, Yuan M, Asara JM, Singh H, Lyssiotis CA, Monteleone G, Opipari AW, Glick GD. Inhibiting Oxidative Phosphorylation In Vivo Restrains Th17 Effector Responses and Ameliorates Murine Colitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2735-2746. [PMID: 28242647 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Integration of signaling and metabolic pathways enables and sustains lymphocyte function. Whereas metabolic changes occurring during T cell activation are well characterized, the metabolic demands of differentiated T lymphocytes are largely unexplored. In this study, we defined the bioenergetics of Th17 effector cells generated in vivo. These cells depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy and cytokine production. Mechanistically, the essential role of OXPHOS in Th17 cells results from their limited capacity to increase glycolysis in response to metabolic stresses. This metabolic program is observed in mouse and human Th17 cells, including those isolated from Crohn disease patients, and it is linked to disease, as inhibiting OXPHOS reduces the severity of murine colitis and psoriasis. These studies highlight the importance of analyzing metabolism in effector lymphocytes within in vivo inflammatory contexts and suggest a therapeutic role for manipulating OXPHOS in Th17-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Franchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ivan Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Wenpu Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xikui Liu
- Lycera Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irene Marafini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Xiao Hu
- Lycera Corporation, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Oksana Mashadova
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Min Yuan
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Harinder Singh
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anthony W Opipari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109; and
| | - Gary D Glick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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90
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The Role of IL-17 and Related Cytokines in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3908061. [PMID: 28316374 PMCID: PMC5337858 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3908061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) induces the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and chemokines such as CXCL1 and CXCL2 and is a cytokine that acts as an inflammation mediator. During infection, IL-17 is needed to eliminate extracellular bacteria and fungi, by inducing antimicrobial peptides such as defensin. This cytokine also plays an important role in chronic inflammation that occurs during the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and allergies such as human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for which a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is available. In autoimmune diseases such as RA and multiple sclerosis (MS), IL-17 is produced by helper T (Th) cells that are stimulated by IL-1β and IL-6 derived from phagocytes such as macrophages and from tissue cells. IL-17 contributes to various lesions that are produced by Th17 cells, one subset of helper T cells, and by γδ T cells and innate lymphoid cells. It strongly contributes to autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by chronic inflammation. Thus, a functional understanding of Th17 cells is extremely important. In this review, we highlight the roles of cytokines that promote the development and maintenance of pathogenic Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases.
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91
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Dillman RO, Nistor GI, Cornforth AN. Dendritic cell vaccines for melanoma: past, present and future. Melanoma Manag 2016; 3:273-289. [PMID: 30190899 PMCID: PMC6094661 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Administering dendritic cells (DC) loaded with tumor-associated antigens (TAA) ex vivo is a promising strategy for therapeutic vaccines in advanced melanoma. To date the induction of immune responses to specific TAA has been more impressive than clinical benefit because of TAA limitations, suboptimal DC and possibly immune-checkpoint inhibition. Various products, antigen-loading techniques, treatment schedules, routes of administration and adjunctive agents continue to be explored. Biologic heterogeneity suggests autologous tumor as the optimal TAA source to induce immune responses to the entire repertoire of unique patient-specific neoantigens. Many questions remain regarding the optimal preparation of DC and strategies for antigen loading. Effective DC vaccines should result in additive or synergistic effects when combined with checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Dillman
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Gabriel I Nistor
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
| | - Andrew N Cornforth
- AiVita Biomedical, Inc., 18301 Von Karman Avenue, Suite 130, Clinical, Research, and Manufacturing Departments, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
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92
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Jacobs JP, Lin L, Goudarzi M, Ruegger P, McGovern DPB, Fornace AJ, Borneman J, Xia L, Braun J. Microbial, metabolomic, and immunologic dynamics in a relapsing genetic mouse model of colitis induced by T-synthase deficiency. Gut Microbes 2016; 8:1-16. [PMID: 27874308 PMCID: PMC5341916 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1257469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to confer susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but it is unknown whether dynamic changes in the microbiome contribute to fluctuations in disease activity. We explored this question using mice with intestine-specific deletion of C1galt1 (also known as T-synthase) (Tsyn mice). These mice develop spontaneous microbiota-dependent colitis with a remitting/relapsing course due to loss of mucin core-1 derived O-glycans. 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics demonstrated age-specific perturbations in the intestinal microbiome and metabolome of Tsyn mice compare with littermate controls at weeks 3 (disease onset), 5 (during remission), and 9 (after relapse). Colitis remission corresponded to increased levels of FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells in the colonic lamina propria that were positively correlated with operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the S24-7 family and negatively correlated with OTUs in the Clostridiales order. Relapse was characterized by marked expansion of FoxP3-RORγt+CD4+ T cells expressing IFNγ and IL17A, which were associated with Clostridiales OTUs distinct from those negatively correlated with FoxP3+RORγt+CD4+ T cells. Our findings suggest that colitis remission and relapse in the Tsyn model may reflect alterations in the microbiome due to reduced core-1 O-glycosylation that shift the balance of regulatory and pro-inflammatory T cell subsets. We investigated whether genetic variation in C1galt1 correlated with the microbiome in a cohort of 78 Crohn's disease patients and 101 healthy controls. Polymorphisms near C1galt1 (rs10486157) and its molecular chaperone, Cosmc (rs4825729), were associated with altered composition of the colonic mucosal microbiota, supporting the relevance of core-1 O-glycosylation to host regulation of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P. Jacobs
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Paul Ruegger
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Dermot P. B. McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - James Borneman
- Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Lijun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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93
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The host genetic background defines diverse immune-reactivity and susceptibility to chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36924. [PMID: 27848994 PMCID: PMC5111113 DOI: 10.1038/srep36924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with P. aeruginosa airways infection show markedly variable clinical phenotypes likely influenced by genetic backgrounds. Here, we investigated the cellular events involved in resistance and susceptibility to P. aeruginosa chronic infection using genetically distinct inbred mouse strains. As for patients, different murine genotypes revealed variable susceptibility to infection. When directly compared, resistant C3H/HeOuJ and susceptible A/J strains revealed distinct immune responsiveness to the pathogen. In C3H/HeOuJ resistant mice, IL17-producing cells rapidly and transiently infiltrated the infected lung, and this was paralleled by the acute accumulation of alveolar macrophages, bacterial clearance and resolution of infection. In contrast, A/J susceptible mice revealed a more delayed and prolonged lung infiltration by IL17+ and IFNγ+ cells, persistence of innate inflammatory cells and establishment of chronic infection. We conclude that the host genetic background confers diverse immunoreactivity to P. aeruginosa and IL17-producing cells might contribute to the progress of chronic lung infection.
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94
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Surface-bound bovine serum albumin carrier protein as present in recombinant cytokine preparations amplifies T helper 17 cell polarization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36598. [PMID: 27808281 PMCID: PMC5093436 DOI: 10.1038/srep36598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of T helper 17 lineage (TH17) polarization has been significantly promoted by cell culture experiments that reduce the complexity of the in vivo environment. We here investigated TH17 amplification by coating of cytokine preparations. Cytokine preparations coated to the surface compared to the same amount given in solution significantly enhanced TH17 polarization assessed by flow cytometry and interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17F and RORγt mRNA expression. T cell proliferation and TH1 polarization were similarly enhanced while TREG polarization was impeded. TH17 amplification was replicated by coating the plate with low amounts of FCS or albumin as used as carrier protein for cytokines (0.5 μl 0.1%). It was unaltered by filtration, protein digestion and arylhydrocarbon receptor blockade, not replicated by LPS and independent of integrin stimulation. TH17 amplification required anti-CD3 stimulation and was T cell intrinsic. Supernatants of CD4+ cells polarized on coated cytokine preparations with carrier albumin conferred amplification to fresh splenocytes. Coating markedly elevated CD4+ IL-22 mRNA expression and IL-22 blockade significantly reduced TH17 amplification. Our data show TH17 amplification by coated albumin in the low amounts present in recombinant cytokine preparations. This unexpected adjuvant like effect underscores the need for controls also for temporal and spatial factors in cell culture.
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95
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Gao S, Zeng L, Zhang X, Wu Y, Cui J, Song Z, Sun X, Wang H, Yin Y, Xu W. Attenuated Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine candidate SPY1 promotes dendritic cell activation and drives a Th1/Th17 response. Immunol Lett 2016; 179:47-55. [PMID: 27609353 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the causative agent of pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media and sepsis. Vaccination is an effective strategy to combat S. pneumoniae invasion. We previously reported that SPY1, a novel attenuated vaccine candidate against S. pneumoniae, induces a protective immune response against pneumococcal infection in mice. However, underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully illustrated. To explore the mechanism of innate and adaptive immunities induced by SPY1. In this study, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) of mice were infected with SPY1 and its parental wild-type strain D39, SPY1-infected DCs were co-cultured with homologous CD4+T cells or adoptive transfer to C57BL/6 mice. Results showed that SPY1 promoted DCs maturation with increased levels of surface molecules such as CD40, CD86, and MHC II, and upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-12p70 and IL-23. By contrast, D39 did not efficiently induce DCs activation and maturation. SPY1 could also activate MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in DC, but D39 unlikely affected this pathways. SPY1 treated DCs also induced Th1 and Th17 responses in vitro and in vivo. Our results supported the potential of SPY1 as a novel attenuated pneumococcus vaccine, because SPY1-activated DCs exhibit fully matured phenotype, initiated an adaptive immune response, and orchestrated Th1 and Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Lingbin Zeng
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, Chengdu 610091, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhixin Song
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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96
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Identification and characterization of distinct IL-17F expression patterns and signaling pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and normal B lymphocytes. Immunol Res 2016; 63:216-27. [PMID: 26478573 PMCID: PMC4648985 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a progressive accumulation of B lymphocytes. T cell abnormalities are a common feature of CLL and contribute to impaired immune function in these patients. T cells are ineffective in eliminating the leukemic clone and may actually promote tumor growth and survival. Previous work from our laboratory documented elevated circulating levels of IL-17A-producing Th17 cells in CLL patients as compared to healthy age-matched control subjects. These high circulating Th17 levels associated with better prognostic markers and significantly longer overall survival, even among patients whose clones used unmutated IGHVs (U-CLL). Recent studies suggest that Th17 cells are heterogeneous, expressing different profiles of cytokines, and that different subsets of Th17s mediate different biological functions. In the present study, we found significantly higher levels of IL-17F-expressing CD4+ T cells in CLL versus healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells following in vitro stimulation in the presence of Th17-promoting cytokines. Furthermore, the differentiation of IL-17F-expressing Th17 cells was significantly enhanced when purified CD4+ T cells from CLL patients were cultured in the presence of autologous CLL B cells. Lastly, single-cell network profiling revealed that IL-17F triggers NFκB phosphorylation in T and B cells from patients with CLL, but not age-matched healthy controls. Taken together, our data suggest that the phenotype of Th17 cells in CLL patients is distinct from healthy individuals, expressing higher levels of IL-17F, and that B and T cells from CLL patients are particularly responsive to IL-17F, as compared to healthy age-matched control individuals.
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97
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Duan MC, Han W, Jin PW, Wei YP, Wei Q, Zhang LM, Li JC. Disturbed Th17/Treg Balance in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Inflammation 2016; 38:2156-65. [PMID: 26077695 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The fine balance of T help-17 (Th17)/regulatory T(Treg) cells is crucial for maintenance of immune homeostasis. However, there is little information concerning the role played in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by Th17/Treg cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the variation of Th17 and Treg cells in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC. Blood samples were collected from 19 patients with NSCLC and 19 healthy donors. Samples were processed to detect CD4(+)IL-17(+) Th17 cells and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells by flow cytometry, and related gene expressions were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis (ELISA). The frequency of circulating Th17 cells and Treg cells was increased in samples derived from patients with NSCLC, accompanied by the upregulation of Foxp3 and RORγt. However, a negative correlation between Treg cells and Th17 cells was found in patients with NSCLC. Additionally, the Th17/Treg ratio and the related cytokines were also significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in healthy controls. Furthermore, the frequency of Th17 cells was positively correlated with IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-23 in patients with NSCLC, and the frequency of Treg cells was positively correlated with TGF-β1 and IL-10. More importantly, the Th17/Treg ratio was positively correlated with the CEA concentrations in patients with NSCLC. Our data indicated that Th17 and Treg subset are involved in the immunopathology of NSCLC. Distinct cytokine environment might play a key role in the differentiation of the Th17 and Treg cells in NSCLC. Reconstituting an adequate balance between Th17 and Treg may be beneficial in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chao Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Pei-Wen Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Qiu Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Liang-Ming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Chen Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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98
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Wong MT, Ong DEH, Lim FSH, Teng KWW, McGovern N, Narayanan S, Ho WQ, Cerny D, Tan HKK, Anicete R, Tan BK, Lim TKH, Chan CY, Cheow PC, Lee SY, Takano A, Tan EH, Tam JKC, Tan EY, Chan JKY, Fink K, Bertoletti A, Ginhoux F, Curotto de Lafaille MA, Newell EW. A High-Dimensional Atlas of Human T Cell Diversity Reveals Tissue-Specific Trafficking and Cytokine Signatures. Immunity 2016; 45:442-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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99
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Du F, Garg AV, Kosar K, Majumder S, Kugler DG, Mir GH, Maggio M, Henkel M, Lacy-Hulbert A, McGeachy MJ. Inflammatory Th17 Cells Express Integrin αvβ3 for Pathogenic Function. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1339-1351. [PMID: 27452457 PMCID: PMC5627357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is required for inflammatory Th17 cell function in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and IL-23 blockade reduces the number of effector Th17 cells in the CNS. We report that pro-inflammatory Th17 cells express high integrin β3 that is IL-23 dependent. Integrin β3 was not upregulated on all activated T cells; rather, integrin β3 was upregulated along with its functional partner integrin αv on effector Th17 cells and "ex-Th17" cells, and αvβ3(hi) RORγt(+) cells expanded during EAE. Integrin αvβ3 inhibitors ameliorated clinical signs of EAE, and integrin β3 deficiency on CD4(+) T cells alone was sufficient to block EAE induction. Furthermore, integrin-β3-deficient Th17 cells, but not Th1 cells, were impaired in their ability to induce EAE. Integrin β3(-/-) T cells induced smaller demyelinated lesions and showed reduced spread and accumulation within the CNS, corresponding with impaired extracellular-matrix-mediated migration. Hence, integrin β3 is required for Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune CNS inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Abhishek V Garg
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Karis Kosar
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Saikat Majumder
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Gerard Hernandez Mir
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Maria Maggio
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Matthew Henkel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Mandy J McGeachy
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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100
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The Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin A Deficiency in Multiple Sclerosis. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 60:82-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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