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Hu J, Hu Y, Yang M, Hu X, Wang X. Light-Induced Dynamic Change of Phytochrome B and Cryptochrome 1 Stabilizes SINATs in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722733. [PMID: 34490020 PMCID: PMC8417825 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation plays an important role in many plant developmental processes. We previously identified a class of SINA RING-type E3 ligases of Arabidopsis thaliana (SINATs), whose protein levels decrease in the dark and increase in red and blue light, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, we created transgenic lines carrying point mutations in SINAT genes and photoreceptors-NLS or -NES transgenic plants to investigate the regulatory mechanism of SINAT protein stability. We demonstrated that the degradation of SINATs is self-regulated, and SINATs interact with photoreceptors phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) in the cytoplasm, which leads to the degradation of SINATs in the dark. Furthermore, we observed that the red light-induced subcellular localization change of phyB and blue light-induced the dissociation of CRY1 from SINATs and was the major determinant for the light-promoted SINATs accumulation. Our findings provide a novel mechanism of how the stability and degradation of the E3 ligase SINATs are regulated by an association and dissociation mechanism through the red light-induced subcellular movement of phyB and the blue light-induced dissociation of CRY1 from SINATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yinmeng Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Department of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuelu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Xuelu Wang,
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Jenness MK, Tayengwa R, Murphy AS. An ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter, ABCB19, Regulates Leaf Position and Morphology during Phototropin1-Mediated Blue Light Responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1601-1612. [PMID: 32855213 PMCID: PMC7608178 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Blue light regulates multiple processes that optimize light capture and gas exchange in plants, including chloroplast movement, changes in stomatal conductance, and altered organ positioning. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), these processes are primarily modulated by the blue light phototropin photoreceptors phot1 and phot2. Changes in leaf positioning and shape involve several signaling components that include NON-PHOTOTROPIC HYPOCOTYL3, PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE, ROOT PHOTOTROPISM2, and alterations in localized auxin streams. Direct phosphorylation of the auxin transporter ATP-BINDING CASSETTE subfamily B19 (ABCB19) by phot1 in phototropic seedlings suggests that phot1 may directly regulate ABCB19 to adjust auxin-dependent leaf responses. Here, abcb19 mutants were analyzed for fluence and blue light-dependent changes in leaf positioning and morphology. abcb19 displays upright petiole angles that remain unchanged in response to red and blue light. Similarly, abcb19 mutants develop irregularly wavy rosette leaves that are less sensitive to blue light-mediated leaf flattening. Visualization of auxin distribution, measurement of auxin transport in protoplasts, and direct quantification of free auxin levels suggest these irregularities are caused by misregulation of ABCB19-mediated auxin distribution in addition to light-dependent auxin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Jenness
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Reuben Tayengwa
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740
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Sun W, Han H, Deng L, Sun C, Xu Y, Lin L, Ren P, Zhao J, Zhai Q, Li C. Mediator Subunit MED25 Physically Interacts with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 to Regulate Shade-Induced Hypocotyl Elongation in Tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1549-1562. [PMID: 32938743 PMCID: PMC7608172 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Shade triggers important adaptive responses such as the shade-avoidance syndrome, which enable plants to respond to the depletion of photosynthetically active light. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) play a key role in the shade-avoidance syndrome network by regulating the biosynthesis of multiple phytohormones and the expression of cell expansion-related genes. Although much has been learned about the regulation of PIFs in response to shade at the protein level, relatively little is known about the PIF-dependent transcriptional regulation of shade-responsive genes. Mediator is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivator complex that bridges gene-specific transcription factors with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) machinery to regulate gene transcription. Here, we report that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) PIF4 plays an important role in shade-induced hypocotyl elongation by regulating the expression of genes that encode auxin biosynthesis and auxin signaling proteins. During this process, Mediator subunit25 (MED25) physically interacts with PIF4 at the promoter regions of PIF4 target genes and also recruits Pol II to induce gene transcription. Thus, MED25 directly bridges the communication between PIF4 and Pol II general transcriptional machinery to regulate shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Overall, our results reveal a novel role of MED25 in PIF4-mediated transcriptional regulation under shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanlong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Lihao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Panrong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiuhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Boccaccini A, Legris M, Krahmer J, Allenbach-Petrolati L, Goyal A, Galvan-Ampudia C, Vernoux T, Karayekov E, Casal JJ, Fankhauser C. Low Blue Light Enhances Phototropism by Releasing Cryptochrome1-Mediated Inhibition of PIF4 Expression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1780-1793. [PMID: 32554507 PMCID: PMC7401145 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Shade-avoiding plants, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), display a number of growth responses, such as elongation of stem-like structures and repositioning of leaves, elicited by shade cues, including a reduction in the blue and red portions of the solar spectrum and a low-red to far-red ratio. Shade also promotes phototropism of de-etiolated seedlings through repression of phytochrome B, presumably to enhance capture of unfiltered sunlight. Here we show that both low blue light and a low-red to far-red light ratio are required to rapidly enhance phototropism in Arabidopsis seedlings. However, prolonged low blue light treatments are sufficient to promote phototropism through reduced cryptochrome1 (cry1) activation. The enhanced phototropic response of cry1 mutants in the lab and in response to natural canopies depends on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs). In favorable light conditions, cry1 limits the expression of PIF4, while in low blue light, PIF4 expression increases, which contributes to phototropic enhancement. The analysis of quantitative DII-Venus, an auxin signaling reporter, indicates that low blue light leads to enhanced auxin signaling in the hypocotyl and, upon phototropic stimulation, a steeper auxin signaling gradient across the hypocotyl. We conclude that phototropic enhancement by canopy shade results from the combined activities of phytochrome B and cry1 that converge on PIF regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Boccaccini
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode Building, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martina Legris
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode Building, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Krahmer
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode Building, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Allenbach-Petrolati
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode Building, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anupama Goyal
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode Building, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Galvan-Ampudia
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Elizabeth Karayekov
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge J Casal
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundacion Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquimicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Génopode Building, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Küpers JJ, Oskam L, Pierik R. Photoreceptors Regulate Plant Developmental Plasticity through Auxin. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080940. [PMID: 32722230 PMCID: PMC7463442 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Light absorption by plants changes the composition of light inside vegetation. Blue (B) and red (R) light are used for photosynthesis whereas far-red (FR) and green light are reflected. A combination of UV-B, blue and R:FR-responsive photoreceptors collectively measures the light and temperature environment and adjusts plant development accordingly. This developmental plasticity to photoreceptor signals is largely regulated through the phytohormone auxin. The phytochrome, cryptochrome and UV Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8) photoreceptors are inactivated in shade and/or elevated temperature, which releases their repression of Phytochrome Interacting Factor (PIF) transcription factors. Active PIFs stimulate auxin synthesis and reinforce auxin signalling responses through direct interaction with Auxin Response Factors (ARFs). It was recently discovered that shade-induced hypocotyl elongation and petiole hyponasty depend on long-distance auxin transport towards target cells from the cotyledon and leaf tip, respectively. Other responses, such as phototropic bending, are regulated by auxin transport and signalling across only a few cell layers. In addition, photoreceptors can directly interact with components in the auxin signalling pathway, such as Auxin/Indole Acetic Acids (AUX/IAAs) and ARFs. Here we will discuss the complex interactions between photoreceptor and auxin signalling, addressing both mechanisms and consequences of these highly interconnected pathways.
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Buti S, Hayes S, Pierik R. The bHLH network underlying plant shade-avoidance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:312-324. [PMID: 32053251 PMCID: PMC7383782 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Shade is a potential threat to many plant species. When shade-intolerant plants detect neighbours, they elongate their stems and leaves in an effort to maximise their light capture. This developmental programme, known as 'shade-avoidance' is tightly controlled by specialised photoreceptors and a suite of transcriptional regulators. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors are particularly important for shade-induced elongation. In recent years, it has become apparent that many members of this family heterodimerise and that together they form a complex regulatory network. This review summarises recent work into the structure of the bHLH network and how it regulates elongation growth. In addition to this, we highlight how photoreceptors modulate the function of the network via direct interaction with transcription factors. It is hoped that the information integrated in this review will provide a useful theoretical framework for future studies on the molecular basis of shade-avoidance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buti
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
| | - Scott Hayes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSICMadrid28049Spain
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
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Romero-Montepaone S, Poodts S, Fischbach P, Sellaro R, Zurbriggen MD, Casal JJ. Shade avoidance responses become more aggressive in warm environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1625-1636. [PMID: 31925796 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to neighbour cues, competitive plants increase stem growth to reduce the degree of current or future shade. The aim of this work is to investigate the impact of weather conditions on the magnitude of shade avoidance responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. We first generated a growth rate database under controlled conditions and elaborated a model that predicts daytime hypocotyl growth as a function of the activity of the main photosensory receptors (phytochromes A and B, cryptochromes 1 and 2) in combination with light and temperature inputs. We then incorporated the action of thermal amplitude to account for its effect on selected genotypes, which correlates with the dynamics of the growth-promoting transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4. The model predicted growth rate in the field with reasonable accuracy. Thus, we used the model in combination with a worldwide data set of current and future whether conditions. The analysis predicted enhanced shade avoidance responses as a result of higher temperatures due to the geographical location or global warming. Irradiance and thermal amplitude had no effects. These trends were also observed for our local growth rate measurements. We conclude that, if water and nutrients do not become limiting, warm environments enhance the shade avoidance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Romero-Montepaone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sofía Poodts
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patrick Fischbach
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Romina Sellaro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorge J Casal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, C1417DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Zhai H, Xiong L, Li H, Lyu X, Yang G, Zhao T, Liu J, Liu B. Cryptochrome 1 Inhibits Shoot Branching by Repressing the Self-Activated Transciption Loop of PIF4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100042. [PMID: 33367238 PMCID: PMC7748022 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) is an important light receptor essential for de-etiolation of Arabidopsis seedlings. However, its function in regulating plant architecture remains unclear. Here, we show that mutation in CRY1 resulted in increased branching of Arabidopsis plants. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the expression profiles of branching-related genes and found that the mRNA levels of Phytochrome Interaction Factor 4 (PIF4) and PIF5 are significantly increased in the cry1 mutant. Genetic analysis showed that the pif4 or pif4pif5 mutant is epistatic to the cry1 mutant, and overexpression of PIF4 conferred increased branching. Moreover, we demonstrated that PIF4 proteins physically associate with the G-box motif within the PIF4 promoter to form a self-activated transcriptional feedback loop, while CRY1 represses this process in response to blue light. Taken together, this study suggests that the CRY1-PIF4 module regulates gene expression via forming a regulatory loop and shoot branching in response to ambient light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhai
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xiong
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiangguang Lyu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhao
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- Corresponding author
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Tavridou E, Schmid-Siegert E, Fankhauser C, Ulm R. UVR8-mediated inhibition of shade avoidance involves HFR1 stabilization in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008797. [PMID: 32392219 PMCID: PMC7241853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sun-loving plants perceive the proximity of potential light-competing neighboring plants as a reduction in the red:far-red ratio (R:FR), which elicits a suite of responses called the "shade avoidance syndrome" (SAS). Changes in R:FR are primarily perceived by phytochrome B (phyB), whereas UV-B perceived by UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) elicits opposing responses to provide a counterbalance to SAS, including reduced shade-induced hypocotyl and petiole elongation. Here we show at the genome-wide level that UVR8 broadly suppresses shade-induced gene expression. A subset of this gene regulation is dependent on the UVR8-stabilized atypical bHLH transcription regulator LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (HFR1), which functions in part redundantly with PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 1 (PIL1). In parallel, UVR8 signaling decreases protein levels of the key positive regulators of SAS, namely the bHLH transcription factors PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and PIF5, in a COP1-dependent but HFR1-independent manner. We propose that UV-B antagonizes SAS via two mechanisms: degradation of PIF4 and PIF5, and HFR1- and PIL1-mediated inhibition of PIF4 and PIF5 function. This work highlights the importance of typical and atypical bHLH transcription regulators for the integration of light signals from different photoreceptors and provides further mechanistic insight into the crosstalk of UVR8 signaling and SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Tavridou
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, CH, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Schmid-Siegert
- SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, CH, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Liu X, Xue C, Kong L, Li R, Xu Z, Hua J. Interactive Effects of Light Quality and Temperature on Arabidopsis Growth and Immunity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:933-941. [PMID: 32091601 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We report here the interactive effects of three light qualities (white, red and blue) and three growth temperatures (16�C, 22�C and 28�C) on rosette growth, hypocotyl elongation and disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. While an increase in temperature promotes hypocotyl elongation irrespective of light quality, the effects of temperature on rosette growth and disease resistance are dependent on light quality. Maximum rosette growth rate under white, red and blue light are observed at 28�C, 16�C and 22�C, respectively. The highest disease resistance is observed at 16�C under all three light conditions, but the highest susceptibility is observed at 28�C for white light and 22�C for red and blue light. Interestingly, rosette growth is inhibited by phytochrome B (PHYB) under blue light at 28�C and by cryptochromes (CRYs) under red light at 16�C. In addition, disease resistance is inhibited by PHYB under blue light and promoted by CRYs under red light. Therefore, this study reveals a complex interaction between light and temperature in modulating rosette growth and disease resistance as well as the contribution of PHYB and CRY to disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chunmei Xue
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Le Kong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruining Li
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrated Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Light-mediated control of Gene expression in mammalian cells. Neurosci Res 2020; 152:66-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Carlson KD, Bhogale S, Anderson D, Zaragoza-Mendoza A, Madlung A. Subfunctionalization of phytochrome B1/B2 leads to differential auxin and photosynthetic responses. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00205. [PMID: 32128473 PMCID: PMC7047017 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gene duplication and polyploidization are genetic mechanisms that instantly add genetic material to an organism's genome. Subsequent modification of the duplicated material leads to the evolution of neofunctionalization (new genetic functions), subfunctionalization (differential retention of genetic functions), redundancy, or a decay of duplicated genes to pseudogenes. Phytochromes are light receptors that play a large role in plant development. They are encoded by a small gene family that in tomato is comprised of five members: PHYA, PHYB1, PHYB2, PHYE, and PHYF. The most recent gene duplication within this family was in the ancestral PHYB gene. Using transcriptome profiling, co-expression network analysis, and physiological and molecular experimentation, we show that tomato SlPHYB1 and SlPHYB2 exhibit both common and non-redundant functions. Specifically, PHYB1 appears to be the major integrator of light and auxin responses, such as gravitropism and phototropism, while PHYB1 and PHYB2 regulate aspects of photosynthesis antagonistically to each other, suggesting that the genes have subfunctionalized since their duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha D Carlson
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
| | - Sneha Bhogale
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
| | - Drew Anderson
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
| | | | - Andreas Madlung
- Department of Biology University of Puget Sound Tacoma Washington
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64
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Amstutz CL, Fristedt R, Schultink A, Merchant SS, Niyogi KK, Malnoë A. An atypical short-chain dehydrogenase-reductase functions in the relaxation of photoprotective qH in Arabidopsis. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:154-166. [PMID: 32055052 PMCID: PMC7288749 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0591-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms experience wide fluctuations in light intensity and regulate light harvesting accordingly to prevent damage from excess energy. The antenna quenching component qH is a sustained form of energy dissipation that protects the photosynthetic apparatus under stress conditions. This photoprotective mechanism requires the plastid lipocalin LCNP and is prevented by SUPPRESSOR OF QUENCHING1 (SOQ1) under non-stress conditions. However, the molecular mechanism of qH relaxation has yet to be resolved. Here, we isolated and characterized RELAXATION OF QH1 (ROQH1), an atypical short-chain dehydrogenase-reductase that functions as a qH-relaxation factor in Arabidopsis. The ROQH1 gene belongs to the GreenCut2 inventory specific to photosynthetic organisms, and the ROQH1 protein localizes to the chloroplast stroma lamellae membrane. After a cold and high-light treatment, qH does not relax in roqh1 mutants and qH does not occur in leaves overexpressing ROQH1. When the soq1 and roqh1 mutations are combined, qH can neither be prevented nor relaxed and soq1 roqh1 displays constitutive qH and light-limited growth. We propose that LCNP and ROQH1 perform dosage-dependent, antagonistic functions to protect the photosynthetic apparatus and maintain light-harvesting efficiency in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Amstutz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rikard Fristedt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Schultink
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Alizée Malnoë
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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65
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Klem K, Gargallo-Garriga A, Rattanapichai W, Oravec M, Holub P, Veselá B, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Urban O. Distinct Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Responses to Light Quality in Barley Leaves and Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1026. [PMID: 31475023 PMCID: PMC6703096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Light quality modulates plant growth, development, physiology, and metabolism through a series of photoreceptors perceiving light signal and related signaling pathways. Although the partial mechanisms of the responses to light quality are well understood, how plants orchestrate these impacts on the levels of above- and below-ground tissues and molecular, physiological, and morphological processes remains unclear. However, the re-allocation of plant resources can substantially adjust plant tolerance to stress conditions such as reduced water availability. In this study, we investigated in two spring barley genotypes the effect of ultraviolet-A (UV-A), blue, red, and far-red light on morphological, physiological, and metabolic responses in leaves and roots. The plants were grown in growth units where the root system develops on black filter paper, placed in growth chambers. While the growth of above-ground biomass and photosynthetic performance were enhanced mainly by the combined action of red, blue, far-red, and UV-A light, the root growth was stimulated particularly by supplementary far-red light to red light. Exposure of plants to the full light spectrum also stimulates the accumulation of numerous compounds related to stress tolerance such as proline, secondary metabolites with antioxidative functions or jasmonic acid. On the other hand, full light spectrum reduces the accumulation of abscisic acid, which is closely associated with stress responses. Addition of blue light induced accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), sorgolactone, or several secondary metabolites. Because these compounds play important roles as osmolytes, antioxidants, UV screening compounds, or growth regulators, the importance of light quality in stress tolerance is unequivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Holub
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Veselá
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF), Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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66
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Sebastiani F, Torre S, Gori A, Brunetti C, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Tattini M. Dissecting Adaptation Mechanisms to Contrasting Solar Irradiance in the Mediterranean Shrub Cistus incanus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3599. [PMID: 31340536 PMCID: PMC6678608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that are the base of the strategies adopted by Mediterranean plants to cope with the challenges imposed by limited or excessive solar radiation during the summer season have received limited attention. In our study, conducted on C. incanus plants growing in the shade or in full sunlight, we performed measurements of relevant physiological traits, such as leaf water potential, gas exchange and PSII photochemistry, RNA-Seq with de-novo assembly, and the analysis of differentially expressed genes. We also identified and quantified photosynthetic pigments, abscisic acid, and flavonoids. Here, we show major mechanisms regulating light perception and signaling which, in turn, sustain the shade avoidance syndrome displayed by the 'sun loving' C. incanus. We offer clear evidence of the detrimental effects of excessive light on both the assembly and the stability of PSII, and the activation of a suite of both repair and effective antioxidant mechanisms in sun-adapted leaves. For instance, our study supports the view of major antioxidant functions of zeaxanthin in sunny plants concomitantly challenged by severe drought stress. Finally, our study confirms the multiple functions served by flavonoids, both flavonols and flavanols, in the adaptive mechanisms of plants to the environmental pressures associated to Mediterranean climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sebastiani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Sara Torre
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Institute of BioEconomy, The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), The National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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67
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Rey-Sanchez C, Posada JM. Effect of temporally heterogeneous light on photosynthetic light use efficiency, plant acclimation and growth in Abatia parviflora. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:684-693. [PMID: 31056082 DOI: 10.1071/fp18279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Individual leaves have a unique instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) at which net photosynthetic light use efficiency (ϵL, the ratio between net photosynthesis and PPFD) is maximised (PPFDϵmax). When PPFD is above or below PPFDϵmax, efficiency declines. Thus, we hypothesised that heterogeneous PPFD conditions should increase the amount of time leaves photosynthesise at a PPFD different than PPFDϵmax and result in reduced growth. To date, this prediction has not been rigorously tested. Here, we exposed seedlings of Abatia parviflora Ruiz & Pav to light regimes of equal total daily irradiance but with three different daily time courses of PPFD: constant PPFD (No_H), low heterogeneity (Low_H) and high heterogeneity (High_H). Mean ϵL, leaf daily photosynthesis and plant growth were all significantly higher in No_H and Low_H plants than in High_H plants, supporting our hypothesis. In addition, mean ϵL was positively related to final plant biomass. Unexpectedly, High_H plants had more etiolated stems and more horizontal leaves than No_H and Low_H plants, possibly due to exposure to low PPFD in the morning and afternoon. In conclusion, PPFD heterogeneity had an important effect on average ϵL, photosynthesis and growth, but also on allocation and plant morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Rey-Sanchez
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, DC 111221, Colombia; and Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering. The Ohio State University, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Juan M Posada
- Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Cr. 24 # 63C-69, Bogotá, DC 111221, Colombia; and Corresponding author.
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68
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Sakaguchi J, Matsushita T, Watanabe Y. DWARF4 accumulation in root tips is enhanced via blue light perception by cryptochromes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1615-1629. [PMID: 30620085 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) signalling is known to be coordinated with light signalling in above ground tissue. Many studies focusing on the shade avoidance response in above ground tissue or hypocotyl elongation in darkness have revealed the contribution of the BR signalling pathway to these processes. We previously analysed the expression of DWARF 4 (DWF4), a key BR biosynthesis enzyme, and revealed that light perception in above ground tissues triggered DWF4 accumulation in root tips. To determine the required wavelength of light and photoreceptors responsible for this regulation, we studied DWF4-GUS marker plants grown in several monochromatic light conditions. We revealed that monochromatic blue LED light could induce DWF4 accumulation in primary root tips and root growth as much as white light, whereas monochromatic red LED could not. Consistent with this, a cryptochrome1/2 double mutant showed retarded root growth under white light whereas a phytochromeA/B double mutant did not. Taken together, our data strongly indicated that blue light signalling was important for DWF4 accumulation in root tips and root growth. Furthermore, DWF4 accumulation patterns in primary root tips were not altered by auxin or sugar treatment. Therefore, we hypothesize that blue light signalling from the shoot tissue is different from auxin and sugar signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sakaguchi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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69
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Brelsford CC, Morales LO, Nezval J, Kotilainen TK, Hartikainen SM, Aphalo PJ, Robson TM. Do UV-A radiation and blue light during growth prime leaves to cope with acute high light in photoreceptor mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana? PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:537-554. [PMID: 29704249 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We studied how plants acclimated to growing conditions that included combinations of blue light (BL) and ultraviolet (UV)-A radiation, and whether their growing environment affected their photosynthetic capacity during and after a brief period of acute high light (as might happen during an under-canopy sunfleck). Arabidopsis thaliana Landsberg erecta wild-type were compared with mutants lacking functional blue light and UV photoreceptors: phototropin 1, cryptochromes (CRY1 and CRY2) and UV RESISTANT LOCUS 8 (uvr8). This was achieved using light-emitting-diode (LED) lamps in a controlled environment to create treatments with or without BL, in a split-plot design with or without UV-A radiation. We compared the accumulation of phenolic compounds under growth conditions and after exposure to 30 min of high light at the end of the experiment (46 days), and likewise measured the operational efficiency of photosystem II (ϕPSII, a proxy for photosynthetic performance) and dark-adapted maximum quantum yield (Fv /Fm to assess PSII damage). Our results indicate that cryptochromes are the main photoreceptors regulating phenolic compound accumulation in response to BL and UV-A radiation, and a lack of functional cryptochromes impairs photosynthetic performance under high light. Our findings also reveal a role for UVR8 in accumulating flavonoids in response to a low UV-A dose. Interestingly, phototropin 1 partially mediated constitutive accumulation of phenolic compounds in the absence of BL. Low-irradiance BL and UV-A did not improve ϕPSII and Fv /Fm upon our acute high-light treatment; however, CRYs played an important role in ameliorating high-light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Brelsford
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis O Morales
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jakub Nezval
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Titta K Kotilainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saara M Hartikainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro J Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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70
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Ma L, Li G. Auxin-Dependent Cell Elongation During the Shade Avoidance Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:914. [PMID: 31354778 PMCID: PMC6640469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant uses multiple photoreceptors and downstream components to rapidly respond to dynamic changes in environmental light. Under shade conditions, many species exhibit shade avoidance responses that promote stem and petiole elongation, thus helping plants reach the sunlight. In the last few years, the regulatory molecular mechanisms by which plants respond to shade signals have been intensively studied. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms underlying auxin-mediated cell elongation in the shade avoidance responses. In the early response to shade signals, auxin biosynthesis, transport, and sensitivity are all rapidly activated, thus promoting cell elongation of the hypocotyls and other organs. Under prolonged shade, increased auxin sensitivity-rather than increased auxin biosynthesis-plays a major role in cell elongation. In addition, we discuss the interaction network of photoreceptors and Phytochrome-Interacting Factors, and the antagonistic regulation of Auxin/Indole Acetic Acid proteins by auxin and light. This review provides perspectives to reframe how we think about shade responses in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Jinan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Ma,
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Gang Li,
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71
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Carabelli M, Possenti M, Sessa G, Ruzza V, Morelli G, Ruberti I. Arabidopsis HD-Zip II proteins regulate the exit from proliferation during leaf development in canopy shade. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5419-5431. [PMID: 30239874 PMCID: PMC6255710 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The shade avoidance response is mainly evident as increased plant elongation at the expense of leaf and root expansion. Despite the advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying shade-induced hypocotyl elongation, little is known about the responses to simulated shade in organs other than the hypocotyl. In Arabidopsis, there is evidence that shade rapidly and transiently reduces the frequency of cell division in young first and second leaf primordia through a non-cell-autonomous mechanism. However, the effects of canopy shade on leaf development are likely to be complex and need to be further investigated. Using combined methods of genetics, cell biology, and molecular biology, we uncovered an effect of prolonged canopy shade on leaf development. We show that persistent shade determines early exit from proliferation in the first and second leaves of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the early exit from proliferation in the first and second leaves under simulated shade depends at least in part on the action of the Homeodomain-leucine zipper II (HD-Zip II) transcription factors ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX2 (ATHB2) and ATHB4. Finally, we provide evidence that the ATHB2 and ATHB4 proteins work in concert. Together the data contribute new insights on the mechanisms controlling leaf development under canopy shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carabelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Possenti
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sessa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentino Ruzza
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Ruberti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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72
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Sessa G, Carabelli M, Possenti M, Morelli G, Ruberti I. Multiple Pathways in the Control of the Shade Avoidance Response. PLANTS 2018; 7:plants7040102. [PMID: 30453622 PMCID: PMC6313891 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To detect the presence of neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants have evolved the ability to perceive and integrate multiple signals. Among them, changes in light quality and quantity are central to elicit and regulate the shade avoidance response. Here, we describe recent progresses in the comprehension of the signaling mechanisms underlying the shade avoidance response, focusing on Arabidopsis, because most of our knowledge derives from studies conducted on this model plant. Shade avoidance is an adaptive response that results in phenotypes with a high relative fitness in individual plants growing within dense vegetation. However, it affects the growth, development, and yield of crops, and the design of new strategies aimed at attenuating shade avoidance at defined developmental stages and/or in specific organs in high-density crop plantings is a major challenge for the future. For this reason, in this review, we also report on recent advances in the molecular description of the shade avoidance response in crops, such as maize and tomato, and discuss their similarities and differences with Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Sessa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Monica Carabelli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Possenti
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Morelli
- Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ida Ruberti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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73
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Zhang Q, Xie Z, Zhang R, Xu P, Liu H, Yang H, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Li L. Blue Light Regulates Secondary Cell Wall Thickening via MYC2/MYC4 Activation of the NST1-Directed Transcriptional Network in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2512-2528. [PMID: 30242037 PMCID: PMC6241271 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell walls (SCWs) are formed in some specific types of plant cells, providing plants with mechanical strength. During plant growth and development, formation of secondary cell walls is regulated by various developmental and environmental signals. The underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the blue light receptor cryptochrome1 (cry1) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana for its SCW phenotypes. During inflorescence stem growth, SCW thickening in the vasculature was significantly affected by blue light. cry1 plants displayed a decline of SCW thickening in fiber cells, while CRY1 overexpression led to enhanced SCW formation. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the reduced SCW thickening was associated with repression of the NST1-directed transcription regulatory networks. Further analyses revealed that the expression of MYC2/MYC4 that is induced by blue light activates the transcriptional network underlying SCW thickening. The activation is caused by direct binding of MYC2/MYC4 to the NST1 promoter. This study demonstrates that SCW thickening in fiber cells is regulated by a blue light signal that is mediated through MYC2/MYC4 activation of NST1-directed SCW formation in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongquan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Monika S Doblin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, School of Life Sciences, Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Antony Bacic
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls and La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, School of Life Sciences, Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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74
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Demarsy E, Goldschmidt-Clermont M, Ulm R. Coping with 'Dark Sides of the Sun' through Photoreceptor Signaling. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:260-271. [PMID: 29233601 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow in constantly changing environments, including highly variable light intensities. Sunlight provides the energy that drives photosynthesis and is thus of the utmost importance for plant growth and the generation of oxygen, which the majority of life on Earth depends on. However, exposure to either insufficient or excess levels of light can have detrimental effects and cause light stress. Whereas exposure to insufficient light limits photosynthetic activity, resulting in 'energy starvation', exposure to excess light can damage the photosynthetic apparatus. Furthermore, strong sunlight is associated with high levels of potentially damaging UV-B radiation. Different classes of photoreceptors play important roles in coping with the negative aspects of sunlight, for which specific mechanisms are emerging that are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Demarsy
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Ulm
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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75
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Zhou Y, Zhang D, An J, Yin H, Fang S, Chu J, Zhao Y, Li J. TCP Transcription Factors Regulate Shade Avoidance via Directly Mediating the Expression of Both PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs and Auxin Biosynthetic Genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1850-1861. [PMID: 29254986 PMCID: PMC5813557 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light quality surrounding a plant is largely determined by the density of its neighboring vegetation. Plants are able to sense shade light signals and initiate a series of adaptation responses, which is known as shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are key factors in the SAS network by regulating the biosynthesis of multiple phytohormones and the expression of cell expansion genes. Although the protein levels of PIFs were found to be acumulated in shade, the transcriptional regulation of PIFs in response to such an environmental signal remains poorly understood. Here we show that TCP17 and its two closely related homologs, TCP5 and TCP13, play an important role in mediating shade-induced hypocotyl elongation by up-regulating auxin biosynthesis via a PIF-dependent and a PIF-independent pathway. In constitutive white light, a tcp5, 13, 17 triple mutant (3tcp) showed a subtle hypocotyl defective phenotype. In shade, however, 3tcp showed a significantly reduced hypocotyl elongation phenotype, indicating a positive role of TCPs in regulating SAS. Our in-depth biochemical and genetic analyses indicated that TCP17 can be significantly accumulated in shade. TCP17 binds to the promoters of PIFs and YUCCAs to indirectly or directly up-regulate auxin levels in shade. These data provide new insights into our better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of SAS in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hongju Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Fang
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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76
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Iglesias MJ, Sellaro R, Zurbriggen MD, Casal JJ. Multiple links between shade avoidance and auxin networks. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:213-228. [PMID: 29036463 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Auxin has emerged as a key player in the adjustment of plant morphology to the challenge imposed by variable environmental conditions. Shade-avoidance responses, including the promotion of stem and petiole growth, leaf hyponasty, and the inhibition of branching, involve an intimate connection between light and auxin signalling. Low activity of photo-sensory receptors caused by the presence of neighbouring vegetation enhances the activity of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), which directly promote the expression of genes involved in auxin biosynthesis, conjugation, transport, perception, and signalling. In seedlings, neighbour signals increase auxin levels in the foliage, which then moves to the stem, where it reaches epidermal tissues to promote growth. However, this model only partially accounts for shade-avoidance responses (which may also occur in the absence of increased auxin levels), and understanding the whole picture will require further insight into the functional significance of the multiple links between shade and auxin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Argentina
| | - Romina Sellaro
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Argentina
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorge José Casal
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Argentina
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77
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Ballaré CL, Pierik R. The shade-avoidance syndrome: multiple signals and ecological consequences. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2530-2543. [PMID: 28102548 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants use photoreceptor proteins to detect the proximity of other plants and to activate adaptive responses. Of these photoreceptors, phytochrome B (phyB), which is sensitive to changes in the red (R) to far-red (FR) ratio of sunlight, is the one that has been studied in greatest detail. The molecular connections between the proximity signal (low R:FR) and a model physiological response (increased elongation growth) have now been mapped in considerable detail in Arabidopsis seedlings. We briefly review our current understanding of these connections and discuss recent progress in establishing the roles of other photoreceptors in regulating growth-related pathways in response to competition cues. We also consider processes other than elongation that are controlled by photoreceptors and contribute to plant fitness under variable light conditions, including photoresponses that optimize the utilization of soil resources. In examining recent advances in the field, we highlight emerging roles of phyB as a major modulator of hormones related to plant immunity, in particular salicylic acid and jasmonic acid (JA). Recent attempts to manipulate connections between light signals and defence in Arabidopsis suggest that it might be possible to improve crop health at high planting densities by targeting links between phyB and JA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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78
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Kim JY, Song JT, Seo HS. COP1 regulates plant growth and development in response to light at the post-translational level. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4737-4748. [PMID: 28992300 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptors perceive different wavelengths of light and transduce light signals downstream via a range of proteins. COP1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulates light signaling by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of photoreceptors such as phytochromes and cryptochromes, as well as various development-related proteins including other light-responsive proteins. COP1 is itself regulated by direct interactions with several signaling molecules that modulate its activity. The control of photomorphogenesis by COP1 is also regulated by its localization to the cytoplasm in response to light. COP1 thus acts as a tightly regulated switch that determines whether development is skotomorphogenic or photomorphogenic. In this review, we discuss the effects of COP1 on the abundance and activity of various development-related proteins, including photoreceptors, and summarize the regulatory mechanisms that influence COP1 activity and stability in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yong Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
| | - Jong Tae Song
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Seo
- Department of Plant Science and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Korea
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79
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Bao Z, Clancy MA, Carvalho RF, Elliott K, Folta KM. Identification of Novel Growth Regulators in Plant Populations Expressing Random Peptides. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:619-627. [PMID: 28807931 PMCID: PMC5619883 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of chemical genomics approaches allows the identification of small molecules that integrate into biological systems, thereby changing discrete processes that influence growth, development, or metabolism. Libraries of chemicals are applied to living systems, and changes in phenotype are observed, potentially leading to the identification of new growth regulators. This work describes an approach that is the nexus of chemical genomics and synthetic biology. Here, each plant in an extensive population synthesizes a unique small peptide arising from a transgene composed of a randomized nucleic acid sequence core flanked by translational start, stop, and cysteine-encoding (for disulfide cyclization) sequences. Ten and 16 amino acid sequences, bearing a core of six and 12 random amino acids, have been synthesized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Populations were screened for phenotypes from the seedling stage through senescence. Dozens of phenotypes were observed in over 2,000 plants analyzed. Ten conspicuous phenotypes were verified through separate transformation and analysis of multiple independent lines. The results indicate that these populations contain sequences that often influence discrete aspects of plant biology. Novel peptides that affect photosynthesis, flowering, and red light response are described. The challenge now is to identify the mechanistic integrations of these peptides into biochemical processes. These populations serve as a new tool to identify small molecules that modulate discrete plant functions that could be produced later in transgenic plants or potentially applied exogenously to impart their effects. These findings could usher in a new generation of agricultural growth regulators, herbicides, or defense compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Bao
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Maureen A Clancy
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Raquel F Carvalho
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kiona Elliott
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kevin M Folta
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
- Graduate Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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80
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81
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Zhang B, Holmlund M, Lorrain S, Norberg M, Bakó L, Fankhauser C, Nilsson O. BLADE-ON-PETIOLE proteins act in an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex to regulate PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 abundance. eLife 2017; 6:26759. [PMID: 28826468 PMCID: PMC5582868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both light and temperature have dramatic effects on plant development. Phytochrome photoreceptors regulate plant responses to the environment in large part by controlling the abundance of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) transcription factors. However, the molecular determinants of this essential signaling mechanism still remain largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that the BLADE-ON-PETIOLE (BOP) genes, which have previously been shown to control leaf and flower development in Arabidopsis, are involved in controlling the abundance of PIF4. Genetic analysis shows that BOP2 promotes photo-morphogenesis and modulates thermomorphogenesis by suppressing PIF4 activity, through a reduction in PIF4 protein level. In red-light-grown seedlings PIF4 ubiquitination was reduced in the bop2 mutant. Moreover, we found that BOP proteins physically interact with both PIF4 and CULLIN3A and that a CULLIN3-BOP2 complex ubiquitinates PIF4 in vitro. This shows that BOP proteins act as substrate adaptors in a CUL3BOP1/BOP2 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, targeting PIF4 proteins for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Holmlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Severine Lorrain
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mikael Norberg
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - László Bakó
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
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82
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Michaud O, Fiorucci AS, Xenarios I, Fankhauser C. Local auxin production underlies a spatially restricted neighbor-detection response in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7444-7449. [PMID: 28652343 PMCID: PMC5514730 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702276114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Competition for light triggers numerous developmental adaptations known as the "shade-avoidance syndrome" (SAS). Important molecular events underlying specific SAS responses have been identified. However, in natural environments light is often heterogeneous, and it is currently unknown how shading affecting part of a plant leads to local responses. To study this question, we analyzed upwards leaf movement (hyponasty), a rapid adaptation to neighbor proximity, in Arabidopsis We show that manipulation of the light environment at the leaf tip triggers a hyponastic response that is restricted to the treated leaf. This response is mediated by auxin synthesized in the blade and transported to the petiole. Our results suggest that a strong auxin response in the vasculature of the treated leaf and auxin signaling in the epidermis mediate leaf elevation. Moreover, the analysis of an auxin-signaling mutant reveals signaling bifurcation in the control of petiole elongation versus hyponasty. Our work identifies a mechanism for a local shade response that may pertain to other plant adaptations to heterogeneous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Michaud
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Sophie Fiorucci
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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83
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Cerrudo I, Caliri-Ortiz ME, Keller MM, Degano ME, Demkura PV, Ballaré CL. Exploring growth-defence trade-offs in Arabidopsis: phytochrome B inactivation requires JAZ10 to suppress plant immunity but not to trigger shade-avoidance responses. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:635-644. [PMID: 27943325 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions that involve a high risk of competition for light among neighbouring plants, shade-intolerant species often display increased shoot elongation and greater susceptibility to pathogens and herbivores. The functional links between morphological and defence responses to crowding are not well understood. In Arabidopsis, the protein JAZ10 is thought to play a key role connecting the inactivation of the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB), which takes place under competition for light, with the repression of jasmonate-mediated plant defences. Here, we show that a null mutation of the JAZ10 gene in Arabidopsis did not affect plant growth nor did it suppress the shade-avoidance responses elicited by phyB inactivation. However, the jaz10 mutation restored many of the defence traits that are missing in the phyB mutant, including the ability to express robust responses to jasmonate and to accumulate indolic glucosinolates. Furthermore, the jaz10phyB double mutant showed a significantly increased resistance to the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea compared with the phyB parental line. Our results demonstrate that, by inactivating JAZ10, it is possible to partially uncouple shade avoidance from defence suppression in Arabidopsis. These findings may provide clues to improve plant resistance to pathogens in crops that are planted at high density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Cerrudo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Emilia Caliri-Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes M Keller
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Eugenia Degano
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia V Demkura
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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84
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Tattini M, Sebastiani F, Brunetti C, Fini A, Torre S, Gori A, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Landi M, Guidi L. Dissecting molecular and physiological response mechanisms to high solar radiation in cyanic and acyanic leaves: a case study on red and green basil. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2425-2437. [PMID: 28419325 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic performance and the expression of genes involved in light signaling and the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids were analysed in green ('Tigullio', TIG) and red ('Red Rubin', RR) basil. The aim was to detect the physiological and molecular response mechanisms to high sunlight. The attenuation of blue-green light by epidermal anthocyanins was shown to evoke shade-avoidance responses with consequential effects on leaf morpho-anatomical traits and gas exchange performance. Red basil had a lower mesophyll conductance, partially compensated by the less effective control of stomatal movements, in comparison with TIG. Photosynthesis decreased more in TIG than in RR in high sunlight, because of larger stomatal limitations and the transient impairment of PSII photochemistry. The methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway promoted above all the synthesis and de-epoxidation of violaxanthin-cycle pigments in TIG and of neoxanthin and lutein in RR. This enabled the green leaves to process the excess radiant energy effectively, and the red leaves to optimize light harvesting and photoprotection. The greater stomatal closure observed in TIG than in RR was due to enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) glucose ester deglucosylation and reduced ABA oxidation, rather than to superior de novo ABA synthesis. This study shows a strong competition between anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis, which occurs at the level of genes regulating the oxidation of the C2-C3 bond in the dihydro-flavonoid skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tattini
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Trees and Timber Institute, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, I-20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Torre
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Trees and Timber Institute, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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85
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Gray JA, Shalit-Kaneh A, Chu DN, Hsu PY, Harmer SL. The REVEILLE Clock Genes Inhibit Growth of Juvenile and Adult Plants by Control of Cell Size. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:2308-2322. [PMID: 28254761 PMCID: PMC5373068 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a complex regulatory network that enhances plant growth and fitness in a constantly changing environment. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the clock is composed of numerous regulatory feedback loops in which REVEILLE8 (RVE8) and its homologs RVE4 and RVE6 act in a partially redundant manner to promote clock pace. Here, we report that the remaining members of the RVE8 clade, RVE3 and RVE5, play only minor roles in the regulation of clock function. However, we find that RVE8 clade proteins have unexpected functions in the modulation of light input to the clock and the control of plant growth at multiple stages of development. In seedlings, these proteins repress hypocotyl elongation in a daylength- and sucrose-dependent manner. Strikingly, adult rve4 6 8 and rve3 4 5 6 8 mutants are much larger than wild-type plants, with both increased leaf area and biomass. This size phenotype is associated with a faster growth rate and larger cell size and is not simply due to a delay in the transition to flowering. Gene expression and epistasis analysis reveal that the growth phenotypes of rve mutants are due to the misregulation of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5 expression. Our results show that even small changes in PIF gene expression caused by the perturbation of clock gene function can have large effects on the growth of adult plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Gray
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Akiva Shalit-Kaneh
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Dalena Nhu Chu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Polly Yingshan Hsu
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Stacey L Harmer
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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86
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Coordination of Cryptochrome and Phytochrome Signals in the Regulation of Plant Light Responses. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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87
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The Role of Specialized Photoreceptors in the Protection of Energy‐Rich Tissues. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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88
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Verdaguer D, Jansen MAK, Llorens L, Morales LO, Neugart S. UV-A radiation effects on higher plants: Exploring the known unknown. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 255:72-81. [PMID: 28131343 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A radiation (UV-A: 315-400nm) is a component of solar radiation that exerts a wide range of physiological responses in plants. Currently, field attenuation experiments are the most reliable source of information on the effects of UV-A. Common plant responses to UV-A include both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on biomass accumulation and morphology. UV-A effects on biomass accumulation can differ from those on root: shoot ratio, and distinct responses are described for different leaf tissues. Inhibitory and enhancing effects of UV-A on photosynthesis are also analysed, as well as activation of photoprotective responses, including UV-absorbing pigments. UV-A-induced leaf flavonoids are highly compound-specific and species-dependent. Many of the effects on growth and development exerted by UV-A are distinct to those triggered by UV-B and vary considerably in terms of the direction the response takes. Such differences may reflect diverse UV-perception mechanisms with multiple photoreceptors operating in the UV-A range and/or variations in the experimental approaches used. This review highlights a role that various photoreceptors (UVR8, phototropins, phytochromes and cryptochromes) may play in plant responses to UV-A when dose, wavelength and other conditions are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Verdaguer
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany I Farnés, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Field, North Mall, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Laura Llorens
- Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany I Farnés, 69, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Luis O Morales
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Center, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany.
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89
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Yang Z, Liu B, Su J, Liao J, Lin C, Oka Y. Cryptochromes Orchestrate Transcription Regulation of Diverse Blue Light Responses in Plants. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:112-127. [PMID: 27861972 DOI: 10.1111/php.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blue light affects many aspects of plant growth and development throughout the plant lifecycle. Plant cryptochromes (CRYs) are UV-A/blue light photoreceptors that play pivotal roles in regulating blue light-mediated physiological responses via the regulated expression of more than one thousand genes. Photoactivated CRYs regulate transcription via two distinct mechanisms: indirect promotion of the activity of transcription factors by inactivation of the COP1/SPA E3 ligase complex or direct activation or inactivation of at least two sets of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor families by physical interaction. Hence, CRYs govern intricate mechanisms that modulate activities of transcription factors to regulate multiple aspects of blue light-responsive photomorphogenesis. Here, we review recent progress in dissecting the pathways of CRY signaling and discuss accumulating evidence that shows how CRYs regulate broad physiological responses to blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohe Yang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bobin Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Su
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiakai Liao
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yoshito Oka
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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90
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Yang C, Li L. Hormonal Regulation in Shade Avoidance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1527. [PMID: 28928761 PMCID: PMC5591575 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
At high vegetation density, shade-intolerant plants sense a reduction in the red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) light ratio (R/FR) in addition to a general reduction in light intensity. These light signals trigger a spectrum of morphological changes manifested by growth of stem-like tissue (hypocotyl, petiole, etc.) instead of harvestable organs (leaves, fruits, seeds, etc.)-namely, shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Common phenotypical changes related to SAS are changes in leaf hyponasty, an increase in hypocotyl and internode elongation and extended petioles. Prolonged shade exposure leads to early flowering, less branching, increased susceptibility to insect herbivory, and decreased seed yield. Thus, shade avoidance significantly impacts on agronomic traits. Many genetic and molecular studies have revealed that phytochromes, cryptochromes and UVR8 (UV-B photoreceptor protein) monitor the changes in light intensity under shade and regulate the stability or activity of phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs). PIF-governed modulation of the expression of auxin biosynthesis, transporter and signaling genes is the major driver for shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Besides auxin, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and ethylene are also required for shade-induced hypocotyl or petiole elongation growth. In leaves, accumulated auxin stimulates cytokinin oxidase expression to break down cytokinins and inhibit leaf growth. In the young buds, shade light promotes the accumulation of abscisic acid to repress branching. Shade light also represses jasmonate- and salicylic acid-induced defense responses to balance resource allocation between growth and defense. Here we will summarize recent findings relating to such hormonal regulation in SAS in Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and certain crops.
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91
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Shade Promotes Phototropism through Phytochrome B-Controlled Auxin Production. Curr Biol 2016; 26:3280-3287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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92
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de Wit M, Keuskamp DH, Bongers FJ, Hornitschek P, Gommers CM, Reinen E, Martínez-Cerón C, Fankhauser C, Pierik R. Integration of Phytochrome and Cryptochrome Signals Determines Plant Growth during Competition for Light. Curr Biol 2016; 26:3320-3326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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93
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Kohnen MV, Schmid-Siegert E, Trevisan M, Petrolati LA, Sénéchal F, Müller-Moulé P, Maloof J, Xenarios I, Fankhauser C. Neighbor Detection Induces Organ-Specific Transcriptomes, Revealing Patterns Underlying Hypocotyl-Specific Growth. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2889-2904. [PMID: 27923878 PMCID: PMC5240736 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In response to neighbor proximity, plants increase the growth of specific organs (e.g., hypocotyls) to enhance access to sunlight. Shade enhances the activity of Phytochrome Interacting Factors (PIFs) by releasing these bHLH transcription factors from phytochrome B-mediated inhibition. PIFs promote elongation by inducing auxin production in cotyledons. In order to elucidate spatiotemporal aspects of the neighbor proximity response, we separately analyzed gene expression patterns in the major light-sensing organ (cotyledons) and in rapidly elongating hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana PIFs initiate transcriptional reprogramming in both organs within 15 min, comprising regulated expression of several early auxin response genes. This suggests that hypocotyl growth is elicited by both local and distal auxin signals. We show that cotyledon-derived auxin is both necessary and sufficient to initiate hypocotyl growth, but we also provide evidence for the functional importance of the local PIF-induced response. With time, the transcriptional response diverges increasingly between organs. We identify genes whose differential expression may underlie organ-specific elongation. Finally, we uncover a growth promotion gene expression signature shared between different developmentally regulated growth processes and responses to the environment in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus V Kohnen
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Schmid-Siegert
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Trevisan
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Allenbach Petrolati
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Sénéchal
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Müller-Moulé
- Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Julin Maloof
- Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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94
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Liu Q, Wang Q, Liu B, Wang W, Wang X, Park J, Yang Z, Du X, Bian M, Lin C. The Blue Light-Dependent Polyubiquitination and Degradation of Arabidopsis Cryptochrome2 Requires Multiple E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2175-2186. [PMID: 27516416 PMCID: PMC6083963 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are blue light receptors regulated by light-dependent ubiquitination and degradation in both plant and animal lineages. The Arabidopsis genome encodes two cryptochromes, CRY1 and CRY2, of which CRY2 undergoes blue light-dependent ubiquitination and 26S proteasome-dependent degradation. The molecular mechanism regulating blue light-dependent proteolysis of CRY2 is still not fully understood. We found that the F-box proteins ZEITLUPE (ZTL) and Lov Kelch Protein2 (LKP2), which mediate blue light suppression of degradation of the CRY2 signaling partner CIB1, are not required for the blue light-dependent CRY2 degradation. We further showed that the previously reported function of the COP1-SPA1 protein complex in blue light-dependent CRY2 degradation is more likely to be attributable to its cullin 4 (CUL4)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase activity than its activity as the cryptochrome signaling partner. However, the blue light-dependent CRY2 degradation is only partially impaired in the cul4 mutant, the cop1-5 null mutant and the spa1234 quadruple mutant, suggesting a possible involvement of additional E3 ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of CRY2. Consistent with this hypothesis, we demonstrated that the blue light-dependent CRY2 degradation is significantly impaired in the temperature-sensitive cul1 mutant allele (axr6-3), especially under the non-permissive temperature. Based on these and other results presented, we propose that photoexcited CRY2 undergoes Lys48-linked polyubiquitination catalyzed by the CUL4- and CUL1-based E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Joon Park
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhenming Yang
- Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingdi Bian
- Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chentao Lin
- Laboratory of Soil and Plant Molecular Genetics, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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95
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Fraser DP, Hayes S, Franklin KA. Photoreceptor crosstalk in shade avoidance. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:1-7. [PMID: 27060719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants integrate a variety of environmental signals to determine the threat of competitor shading and use this information to initiate escape responses, termed shade avoidance. Photoreceptor-mediated light signals are central to this process. Encroaching vegetation is sensed as a reduction in the ratio of red to far-red wavebands (R:FR) by phytochromes. Plants shaded within a canopy will also perceive reduced blue light signals and possibly enriched green light through cryptochromes. The detection of canopy gaps may be further facilitated by blue light sensing phototropins and the UV-B photoreceptor, UVR8. Once sunlight has been reached, phytochrome and UVR8 inhibit shade avoidance. Accumulating evidence suggests that multiple plant photoreceptors converge on a shared signalling network to regulate responses to shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald P Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Scott Hayes
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology (IEB), Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Keara A Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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96
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Takeno K. Stress-induced flowering: the third category of flowering response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4925-34. [PMID: 27382113 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The switch from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, i.e. flowering, is the critical event in a plant's life. Flowering is regulated either autonomously or by environmental factors; photoperiodic flowering, which is regulated by the duration of the day and night periods, and vernalization, which is regulated by low temperature, have been well studied. Additionally, it has become clear that stress also regulates flowering. Diverse stress factors can induce or accelerate flowering, or inhibit or delay it, in a wide range of plant species. This article focuses on the positive regulation of flowering via stress, i.e. the induction or acceleration of flowering in response to stress that is known as stress-induced flowering - a new category of flowering response. This review aims to clarify the concept of stress-induced flowering and to summarize the full range of characteristics of stress-induced flowering from a predominately physiological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotoshi Takeno
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
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97
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Chaiwanon J, Wang W, Zhu JY, Oh E, Wang ZY. Information Integration and Communication in Plant Growth Regulation. Cell 2016; 164:1257-1268. [PMID: 26967291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Plants are equipped with the capacity to respond to a large number of diverse signals, both internal ones and those emanating from the environment, that are critical to their survival and adaption as sessile organisms. These signals need to be integrated through highly structured intracellular networks to ensure coherent cellular responses, and in addition, spatiotemporal actions of hormones and peptides both orchestrate local cell differentiation and coordinate growth and physiology over long distances. Further, signal interactions and signaling outputs vary significantly with developmental context. This review discusses our current understanding of the integrated intracellular and intercellular signaling networks that control plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juthamas Chaiwanon
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Wenfei Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology (HIST), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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98
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Pacín M, Semmoloni M, Legris M, Finlayson SA, Casal JJ. Convergence of CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR signalling during shade avoidance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 211:967-79. [PMID: 27105120 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Shade-avoidance responses require CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1) but the mechanisms of action of COP1 under shade have not been elucidated. Using simulated shade and control conditions, we analysed: the transcriptome and the auxin levels of cop1 and phytochrome interacting factor 1 (pif1) pif3 pif4 pif5 (pifq) mutants; the dynamics of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED (HFR1) proteins; and the epistatic relationships between cop1 and pif3, pif4, pif5, hy5 and hfr1 mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Despite severely impaired shade-avoidance responses, only a few genes that responded to shade in the wild-type failed to do so in cop1. Shade enhanced the convergence between cop1 and pifq transcriptomes, mainly on shade-avoidance marker genes. Shade failed to increase auxin levels in cop1. Residual shade avoidance in cop1 was not further reduced by the pif3, pif4 or pif5 mutations, suggesting convergent pathways. HFR1 stability decreased under shade in a COP1-dependent manner but shade increased HY5 stability. The cop1 mutant retains responses to shade and is more specifically impaired in shade avoidance. COP1 promotes the degradation of HFR1 under shade, thus increasing the ability of PIFs to control gene expression, increase auxin levels and promote stem growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pacín
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Av. San Martın 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Semmoloni
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Av. San Martın 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martina Legris
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scott A Finlayson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Faculty of Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jorge J Casal
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Av. San Martın 4453, 1417, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, 1405, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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99
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Photoreceptors mapping from past history till date. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:223-231. [PMID: 27387671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The critical source of information in plants is light, which is perceived by receptors present in plants and animals. Receptors present in plant and animal system regulate important processes, and knowing the chromophores and signalling domains for each receptor could pave a way to trace out links between these receptors. The signalling mechanism for each receptor will give insight knowledge. This review has focussed on the photoreceptors from past history till date, that have evolved in the plant as well as in the animal system (to lesser extent). We have also focussed our attention on finding the links between the receptors by showing the commonalities as well as the differences between them, and also tried to trace out the links with the help of chromophores and signalling domain. Several photoreceptors have been traced out, which share similarity in the chromophore as well as in the signalling domain, which indicate towards the evolution of photoreceptors from one another. For instance, cryptochrome has been found to evolve three times from CPD photolyase as well as evolution of different types of phytochrome is a result of duplication and divergence. In addition, similarity between the photoreceptors suggested towards evolution from one another. This review has also discussed possible mechanism for each receptor i.e. how they regulate developmental processes and involve what kinds of regulators and also gives an insight on signalling mechanisms by these receptors. This review could also be a new initiative in the study of UVR8 associated studies.
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100
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Abstract
The light spectrum perceived by plants is affected by crowding, which results in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Findings presented by Pedmale et al. bring cryptochromes to the forefront of SAS and elucidate a fascinating molecular crosstalk between photoreceptor systems operating in different wavebands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fankhauser
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alfred Batschauer
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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