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Dang Z, McLenachan PA, Lockhart PJ, Waipara N, Er O, Reynolds C, Blanchon D. Metagenome Profiling Identifies Potential Biocontrol Agents for Selaginella kraussiana in New Zealand. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020106. [PMID: 30709012 PMCID: PMC6409722 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metagenomics can be used to identify potential biocontrol agents for invasive species and was used here to identify candidate species for biocontrol of an invasive club moss in New Zealand. Profiles were obtained for Selaginella kraussiana collected from nine geographically disjunct locations in Northern New Zealand. These profiles were distinct from those obtained for the exotic club moss Selaginella moellendorffii and the native club mosses Lycopodium deuterodensum and Lycopodium volubile also collected in Northern New Zealand. Fungi and bacteria implicated elsewhere in causing plant disease were identified on plants of Selaginella that exhibited signs of necrosis. Most notably, high densities of sequence reads from Xanthomonas translucens and Pseudomonas syringae were associated with some populations of Selaginella but not Lycopodium. Since these bacteria are already in use as biocontrol agents elsewhere, further investigation into their potential as biocontrol of Selaginella in New Zealand is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Dang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Patricia A McLenachan
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Peter J Lockhart
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Nick Waipara
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Mt Albert, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Orhan Er
- Arborlab Consultancy Services, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.
| | | | - Dan Blanchon
- School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Private Bag 92025, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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52
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van Kleunen M, Bossdorf O, Dawson W. The Ecology and Evolution of Alien Plants. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We review the state of the art of alien plant research with emphasis on conceptual advances and knowledge gains on general patterns and drivers, biotic interactions, and evolution. Major advances include the identification of different invasion stages and invasiveness dimensions (geographic range, habitat specificity, local abundance) and the identification of appropriate comparators while accounting for propagule pressure and year of introduction. Developments in phylogenetic and functional trait research bear great promise for better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Global patterns are emerging with propagule pressure, disturbance, increased resource availability, and climate matching as major invasion drivers, but species characteristics also play a role. Biotic interactions with resident communities shape invasion outcomes, with major roles for species diversity, enemies, novel weapons, and mutualists. Mounting evidence has been found for rapid evolution of invasive aliens and evolutionary responses of natives, but a mechanistic understanding requires tighter integration of molecular and phenotypic approaches. We hope the open questions identified in this review will stimulate further research on the ecology and evolution of alien plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Kleunen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
- Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Group, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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53
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Heinen R, Biere A, Harvey JA, Bezemer TM. Effects of Soil Organisms on Aboveground Plant-Insect Interactions in the Field: Patterns, Mechanisms and the Role of Methodology. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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54
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Lekberg Y, Bever JD, Bunn RA, Callaway RM, Hart MM, Kivlin SN, Klironomos J, Larkin BG, Maron JL, Reinhart KO, Remke M, van der Putten WH. Relative importance of competition and plant-soil feedback, their synergy, context dependency and implications for coexistence. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1268-1281. [PMID: 29896848 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact simultaneously with each other and with soil biota, yet the relative importance of competition vs. plant-soil feedback (PSF) on plant performance is poorly understood. Using a meta-analysis of 38 published studies and 150 plant species, we show that effects of interspecific competition (either growing plants with a competitor or singly, or comparing inter- vs. intraspecific competition) and PSF (comparing home vs. away soil, live vs. sterile soil, or control vs. fungicide-treated soil) depended on treatments but were predominantly negative, broadly comparable in magnitude, and additive or synergistic. Stronger competitors experienced more negative PSF than weaker competitors when controlling for density (inter- to intraspecific competition), suggesting that PSF could prevent competitive dominance and promote coexistence. When competition was measured against plants growing singly, the strength of competition overwhelmed PSF, indicating that the relative importance of PSF may depend not only on neighbour identity but also density. We evaluate how competition and PSFs might interact across resource gradients; PSF will likely strengthen competitive interactions in high resource environments and enhance facilitative interactions in low-resource environments. Finally, we provide a framework for filling key knowledge gaps and advancing our understanding of how these biotic interactions influence community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch Missoula, MT, 59801, USA.,Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - James D Bever
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Rebecca A Bunn
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Ragan M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812.,Wildlife Biology and the Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Miranda M Hart
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Stephanie N Kivlin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - John Klironomos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | | | - John L Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812
| | - Kurt O Reinhart
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, MT, 59301, USA
| | - Michael Remke
- School of Forestry, College of Engineering Forestry and Natural Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University (WUR), 6700 ES, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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55
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Collins CG, Stajich JE, Weber SE, Pombubpa N, Diez JM. Shrub range expansion alters diversity and distribution of soil fungal communities across an alpine elevation gradient. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:2461-2476. [PMID: 29675967 PMCID: PMC7111543 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Global climate and land use change are altering plant and soil microbial communities worldwide, particularly in arctic and alpine biomes where warming is accelerated. The widespread expansion of woody shrubs into historically herbaceous alpine plant zones is likely to interact with climate to affect soil microbial community structure and function; however, our understanding of alpine soil ecology remains limited. This study aimed to (i) determine whether the diversity and community composition of soil fungi vary across elevation gradients and to (ii) assess the impact of woody shrub expansion on these patterns. In the White Mountains of California, sagebrush (Artemisia rothrockii) shrubs have been expanding upwards into alpine areas since 1960. In this study, we combined observational field data with a manipulative shrub removal experiment along an elevation transect of alpine shrub expansion. We utilized next-generation sequencing of the ITS1 region for fungi and joint distribution modelling to tease apart effects of the environment and intracommunity interactions on soil fungi. We found that soil fungal diversity declines and community composition changes with increasing elevation. Both abiotic factors (primarily soil moisture and soil organic C) and woody sagebrush range expansion had significant effects on these patterns. However, fungal diversity and relative abundance had high spatial variation, overwhelming the predictive power of vegetation type, elevation and abiotic soil conditions at the landscape scale. Finally, we observed positive and negative associations among fungal taxa which may be important in structuring community responses to global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney G. Collins
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jason E. Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Sören E. Weber
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Nuttapon Pombubpa
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jeffrey M. Diez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Riverside, CA 92521
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56
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Huang F, Lankau R, Peng S. Coexistence via coevolution driven by reduced allelochemical effects and increased tolerance to competition between invasive and native plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:357-369. [PMID: 29205373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coevolution can promote long-term coexistence of two competing species if selection acts to reduce the fitness inequality between competitors and/or strengthen negative frequency dependence within each population. However, clear coevolution between plant competitors has been rarely documented. Plant invasions offer opportunities to capture the process of coevolution. Here we investigated how the developing relationship between an invasive forb, Alliaria petiolata, and a native competitor, Pilea pumila, may affect their long-term coexistence, by testing the competitive effects of populations of varying lengths of co-occurrence on each other across a chronosequence of invasion history. Alliaria petiolata and P. pumila tended to develop greater tolerance to competition over invasion history. Their coexistence was promoted more by increases in stabilizing relative to equalizing processes. These changes likely stem in part from reductions in allelopathic traits in the invader and evolution of tolerance in the native. These results suggested that some native species can evolve tolerance against the competitive effects of strong invaders, which likely promoted their persistence in invaded communities. However, the potential for coevolutionary rescue of competing populations is likely to vary across native species, and evolutionary processes should not be expected to compensate for the ecological consequences of exotic invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Richard Lankau
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shaolin Peng
- State Key Lab of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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57
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Fry EL, Johnson GN, Hall AL, Pritchard WJ, Bullock JM, Bardgett RD. Drought neutralises plant-soil feedback of two mesic grassland forbs. Oecologia 2018; 186:1113-1125. [PMID: 29399737 PMCID: PMC5859691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) describe the effect of a plant species on soil properties, which affect the performance of future generations. Here we test the hypothesis that drought alters PSFs by reducing plant-microbe associations and nutrient uptake. We chose two grassland forb species, previously shown to respond differently to soil conditioning and drought, to test our hypothesis. We conditioned unsterilised grassland soil with one generation of each species, and left a third soil unconditioned. We grew a second generation consisting of each combination of plant species, soil, and drought in a full factorial design, and measured soil microbial community and nutrient availability. Scabiosa columbaria displayed negative PSF (smaller plants) under non-droughted conditions, but neutral under drought, suggesting that drought disrupts plant-soil interactions and can advantage the plant. Photosynthetic efficiency of S. columbaria was reduced under drought, but recovered on rewetting regardless of soil conditioning, indicating that PSFs do not impede resilience of this species. Sanguisorba minor showed positive PSFs (larger plants), probably due to an increase in soil N in conspecific soil, but neutral PSF under drought. PSF neutralisation appeared to occur through drought-induced change in the soil microbial community for this species. When S. minor was planted in conspecific soil, photosynthetic efficiency declined to almost zero, with no recovery following rewetting. We attributed this to increased demand for water through higher demand for nutrients with positive PSF. Here we show that drought neutralises PSFs of two grassland forbs, which could have implications for plant communities under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L Fry
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Giles N Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Amy L Hall
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - W James Pritchard
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michael Smith Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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58
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Broadbent AAD, Stevens CJ, Ostle NJ, Orwin KH. Biogeographic differences in soil biota promote invasive grass response to nutrient addition relative to co-occurring species despite lack of belowground enemy release. Oecologia 2018; 186:611-620. [PMID: 29399738 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple plant species invasions and increases in nutrient availability are pervasive drivers of global environmental change that often co-occur. Many plant invasion studies, however, focus on single-species or single-mechanism invasions, risking an oversimplification of a multifaceted process. Here, we test how biogeographic differences in soil biota, such as belowground enemy release, interact with increases in nutrient availability to influence invasive plant growth. We conducted a greenhouse experiment using three co-occurring invasive grasses and one native grass. We grew species in live and sterilized soil from the invader's native (United Kingdom) and introduced (New Zealand) ranges with a nutrient addition treatment. We found no evidence for belowground enemy release. However, species' responses to nutrients varied, and this depended on soil origin and sterilization. In live soil from the introduced range, the invasive species Lolium perenne L. responded more positively to nutrient addition than co-occurring invasive and native species. In contrast, in live soil from the native range and in sterilized soils, there were no differences in species' responses to nutrients. This suggests that the presence of soil biota from the introduced range allowed L. perenne to capture additional nutrients better than co-occurring species. Considering the globally widespread nature of anthropogenic nutrient additions to ecosystems, this effect could be contributing to a global homogenization of flora and the associated losses in native species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Nicholas J Ostle
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Kate H Orwin
- Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
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59
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Koorem K, Kostenko O, Snoek LB, Weser C, Ramirez KS, Wilschut RA, van der Putten WH. Relatedness with plant species in native community influences ecological consequences of range expansions. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Koorem
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Dept of Botany; Inst. of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Univ. of Tartu; Tartu Estonia
| | - Olga Kostenko
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - L. Basten Snoek
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology; Wageningen Univ.; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Carolin Weser
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Kelly S. Ramirez
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Rutger A. Wilschut
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology; Wageningen Univ.; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van der Putten
- Dept of Terrestrial Ecology; Netherlands Inst. of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); PO Box 50 NL-6700AB Wageningen the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Nematology; Wageningen Univ.; Wageningen the Netherlands
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60
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Nunes KA, Kotanen PM. Comparative impacts of aboveground and belowground enemies on an invasive thistle. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:1430-1440. [PMID: 29435222 PMCID: PMC5792520 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research examining how herbivores and pathogens affect performance of invasive plants focuses on aboveground interactions. Although important, the role of belowground communities remains poorly understood, and the relative impact of aboveground and belowground interactions is still debated. As well, most studies of belowground interactions have been carried out in controlled environments, so little is known about the role of these interactions under natural conditions or how these relationships may change across a plant's range. Using the invasive plant Cirsium arvense, we performed a reciprocal transplant experiment to test the relative impacts of above- and belowground interactions at three sites across a 509-km latitudinal gradient in its invaded range in Ontario, Canada. At each site, C. arvense seedlings were protected with above- and/or belowground exclosures in a factorial design. Plant performance (biomass, height, stem thickness, number of leaves, length of longest leaf, maximum rhizome length) was greatest when both above- and belowground exclosures were applied and lowest when no exclosures were applied. When only one type of exclosure was applied, biomass generally improved more with belowground exclosures than with aboveground exclosures. Despite site-to-site differences in foliar damage, root damage, and mesofaunal populations, belowground interactions generally had a greater negative impact on performance than aboveground herbivory alone. These results stress the importance of including both aboveground enemy interactions and plant-soil interactions in studies of plant community dynamics and invader performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal A. Nunes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Peter M. Kotanen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
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61
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Duration of the conditioning phase affects the results of plant-soil feedback experiments via soil chemical properties. Oecologia 2017; 186:459-470. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4033-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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62
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Strayer DL, D'Antonio CM, Essl F, Fowler MS, Geist J, Hilt S, Jarić I, Jöhnk K, Jones CG, Lambin X, Latzka AW, Pergl J, Pyšek P, Robertson P, Schmalensee M, Stefansson RA, Wright J, Jeschke JM. Boom‐bust dynamics in biological invasions: towards an improved application of the concept. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1337-1350. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David L. Strayer
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY USA
- Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Carla M. D'Antonio
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of Conservation Vegetation and Landscape Ecology University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Mike S. Fowler
- Department of Biosciences Swansea University Singleton Park UK
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology Unit Technical University of Munich Freising Germany
| | - Sabine Hilt
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research University of Belgrade BelgradeSerbia
| | - Klaus Jöhnk
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Land and Water Black Mountain Canberra Australia
| | | | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Alexander W. Latzka
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University‐MacDonald Campus Saint‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Canada
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Prague 2 Czech Republic
- Centre for Invasion Biology Department of Botany & Zoology Stellenbosch University Matieland7602 South Africa
| | | | - Menja Schmalensee
- West Iceland Nature Research Centre Stykkishólmur Iceland
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland
| | | | | | - Jonathan M. Jeschke
- Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
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63
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Cunard CE, Lankau RA. Declining survival across invasion history for Microstegium vimineum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183107. [PMID: 28809930 PMCID: PMC5557486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many alien species become invasive because they lack coevolutionary history with the native community; for instance, they may lack specialized enemies. These evolutionary advantages may allow the invader to establish and persist when rare within a community and lead to its monodominance through positive frequency dependence, i.e. increasing per capita population growth rate with increasing frequency of conspecifics. However, this advantage could degrade through time due to evolutionary and ecological changes in the invasive and native plant and microbial communities. We investigated survival rates and individual biomass as proxies for per capita population growth rates for the invasive grass, Microstegium vimineum, across a gradient of conspecific frequencies (10–100% relative cover of M. vimineum) within 12 sites that varied in time since invasion. We expected M. vimineum frequency dependence to become more negative and its proxies for population growth at low conspecific frequency to decline across invasion history. We also explored the belowground fungal community associated with M. vimineum, since we hypothesized that changes in M. vimineum population dynamics may result from shifting microbial interactions over time. Microstegium vimineum frequency dependence changed from negative to neutral across invasion history and the shift was driven by a decline in survival at low frequency. Changes in M. vimineum root fungal community were associated with time since invasion. Our results do not support a shift in frequency dependence from positive to negative across invasion history. However, our results suggest M. vimineum populations may be less prone to persist at older invaded sites and thus more vulnerable to management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Cunard
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard A. Lankau
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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64
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Flory SL, Alba C, Clay K, Holt RD, Goss EM. Emerging pathogens can suppress invaders and promote native species recovery. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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65
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66
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Crocker EV, Nelson EB, Blossey B. Soil conditioning effects of Phragmites australis on native wetland plant seedling survival. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5571-5579. [PMID: 28808539 PMCID: PMC5551089 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between introduced plants and soils they colonize are central to invasive species success in many systems. Belowground biotic and abiotic changes can influence the success of introduced species as well as their native competitors. All plants alter soil properties after colonization but, in the case of many invasive plant species, it is unclear whether the strength and direction of these soil conditioning effects are due to plant traits, plant origin, or local population characteristics and site conditions in the invaded range. Phragmites australis in North America exists as a mix of populations of different evolutionary origin. Populations of endemic native Phragmites australis americanus are declining, while introduced European populations are important wetland invaders. We assessed soil conditioning effects of native and non-native P. australis populations on early and late seedling survival of native and introduced wetland plants. We further used a soil biocide treatment to assess the role of soil fungi on seedling survival. Survival of seedlings in soils colonized by P. australis was either unaffected or negatively affected; no species showed improved survival in P. australis-conditioned soils. Population of P. australis was a significant factor explaining the response of seedlings, but origin (native or non-native) was not a significant factor. Synthesis: Our results highlight the importance of phylogenetic control when assessing impacts of invasive species to avoid conflating general plant traits with mechanisms of invasive success. Both native (noninvasive) and non-native (invasive) P. australis populations reduced seedling survival of competing plant species. Because soil legacy effects of native and non-native P. australis are similar, this study suggests that the close phylogenetic relationship between the two populations, and not the invasive status of introduced P. australis, is more relevant to their soil-mediated impact on other plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric B. Nelson
- Department of Plant PathologyCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
| | - Bernd Blossey
- Department of Natural ResourcesCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA
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67
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Nielsen JA, Grøndahl E, Callaway RM, Dickinson KJM, Ehlers BK. Home and away: biogeographical comparison of species diversity in Thymus vulgaris communities. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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68
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Mamet SD, Lamb EG, Piper CL, Winsley T, Siciliano SD. Archaea and bacteria mediate the effects of native species root loss on fungi during plant invasion. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1261-1275. [PMID: 28140393 PMCID: PMC5437935 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although invasive plants can drive ecosystem change, little is known about the directional nature of belowground interactions between invasive plants, native roots, bacteria, archaea and fungi. We used detailed bioinformatics and a recently developed root assay on soils collected in fescue grassland along a gradient of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) invasion to examine the links between smooth brome shoot litter and root, archaea, bacteria and fungal communities. We examined (1) aboveground versus belowground influences of smooth brome on soil microbial communities, (2) the importance of direct versus microbe-mediated impacts of plants on soil fungal communities, and (3) the web of roots, shoots, archaea, bacteria and fungi interactions across the A and B soil horizons in invaded and non-invaded sites. Archaea and bacteria influenced fungal composition, but not vice versa, as indicated by redundancy analyses. Co-inertia analyses suggested that bacterial-fungal variance was driven primarily by 12 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Brome increased bacterial diversity via smooth brome litter in the A horizon and roots in the B horizon, which then reduced fungal diversity. Archaea increased abundance of several bacterial OTUs, and the key bacterial OTUs mediated changes in the fungi's response to invasion. Overall, native root diversity loss and bacterial mediation were more important drivers of fungal composition than were the direct effects of increases in smooth brome. Critically, native plant species displacement and root loss appeared to be the most important driver of fungal composition during invasion. This causal web likely gives rise to the plant-fungi feedbacks, which are an essential factor determining plant diversity in invaded grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Mamet
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Eric G Lamb
- Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Candace L Piper
- Department of Plant Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tristrom Winsley
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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69
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Characterisation of above-ground endophytic and soil fungal communities associated with dieback-affected and healthy plants in five exotic invasive species. FUNGAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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70
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Dong L, Yang J, Yu H, He W. Dissecting Solidago canadensis-soil feedback in its real invasion. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2307-2315. [PMID: 28405294 PMCID: PMC5383496 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of plant-soil feedback (PSF) has long been recognized, but the current knowledge on PSF patterns and the related mechanisms mainly stems from laboratory experiments. We aimed at addressing PSF effects on community performance and their determinants using an invasive forb Solidago canadensis. To do so, we surveyed 81 pairs of invaded versus uninvaded plots, collected soil samples from these pairwise plots, and performed an experiment with microcosm plant communities. The magnitudes of conditioning soil abiotic properties and soil biotic properties by S. canadensis were similar, but the direction was opposite; altered abiotic and biotic properties influenced the production of subsequent S. canadensis communities and its abundance similarly. These processes shaped neutral S. canadensis-soil feedback effects at the community level. Additionally, the relative dominance of S. canadensis increased with its ability of competitive suppression in the absence and presence of S. canadensis-soil feedbacks, and S. canadensis-induced decreases in native plant species did not alter soil properties directly. These findings provide a basis for understanding PSF effects and the related mechanisms in the field conditions and also highlight the importance of considering PSFs holistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jia Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian‐Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong‐Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei‐Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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71
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Li YP, Feng YL, Kang ZL, Zheng YL, Zhang JL, Chen YJ. Changes in soil microbial communities due to biological invasions can reduce allelopathic effects. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
| | - Yu-Long Feng
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang Liaoning Province 110866 China
| | - Zong-Li Kang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Shenyang Agricultural University; Shenyang Liaoning Province 110866 China
| | - Yu-Long Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
| | - Jiao-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
| | - Ya-Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming Yunnan Province 650223 China
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72
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Sweet DD, Burns JH. Plant performance was greater in the soils of more distantly related plants for an herbaceous understory species. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx005. [PMID: 28702162 PMCID: PMC5499765 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that plant-soil interactions have important implications for plant community composition. However, the role of phylogenetic relatedness in governing interactions between plants and soil biota is unclear, and more case studies are needed to help build a general picture of whether and how phylogeny might influence plant-soil interactions. We performed a glasshouse experiment to test whether degree of phylogenetic relatedness between Aquilegia canadensis and six co-occurring heterospecifics affects A. canadensis biomass through soil legacy effects. We also compared performance of A. canadensis in soils conditioned by invasive Alliaria petiolata versus native heterospecifics, hypothesizing that conditioning by A. petiolata would suppress the performance of the focal native plant. A. canadensis performed significantly better in distant relatives' soils than in close relatives' soils, and this effect disappeared with soil sterilization, consistent with close relatives sharing similar pathogens. Contrary to our expectations, soils conditioned by the invasive species A. petiolata versus by native species had similar effects on A. canadensis. The greater performance of A. canadensis in soils of more versus less distant relatives is consistent with a hypothesis of phylogenetically constrained pathogen escape, a phenomenon expected to promote coexistence of phylogenetically distant species. However, pairwise plant-soil feedback experiments are needed to create a stronger coexistence prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drake D. Sweet
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jean H. Burns
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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73
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74
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Katz DSW, Ibáñez I. Foliar damage beyond species distributions is partly explained by distance dependent interactions with natural enemies. Ecology 2016; 97:2331-2341. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. W. Katz
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Inés Ibáñez
- School of Natural Resources and Environment University of Michigan 440 Church Street Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 USA
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75
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Stanescu S, Maherali H. Mycorrhizal feedback is not associated with the outcome of competition in old-field perennial plants. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Stanescu
- Dept of Integrative Biology; Univ. of Guelph; 50 Stone Road East Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Dept of Integrative Biology; Univ. of Guelph; 50 Stone Road East Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
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76
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77
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Biotic interactions with natural enemies do not affect potential range expansion of three invasive plants in response to climate change. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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78
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Shelby N, Hulme PE, van der Putten WH, McGinn KJ, Weser C, Duncan RP. No difference in the competitive ability of introduced and native Trifolium provenances when grown with soil biota from their introduced and native ranges. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw016. [PMID: 26969431 PMCID: PMC4833883 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis could explain why some introduced plant species perform better outside their native ranges. The EICA hypothesis proposes that introduced plants escape specialist pathogens or herbivores leading to selection for resources to be reallocated away from defence and towards greater competitive ability. We tested the hypothesis that escape from soil-borne enemies has led to increased competitive ability in three non-agriculturalTrifolium(Fabaceae) species native to Europe that were introduced to New Zealand in the 19th century.Trifoliumperformance is intimately tied to rhizosphere biota. Thus, we grew plants from one introduced (New Zealand) and two native (Spain and the UK) provenances for each of three species in pots inoculated with soil microbiota collected from the rhizosphere beneath conspecifics in the introduced and native ranges. Plants were grown singly and in competition with conspecifics from a different provenance in order to compare competitive ability in the presence of different microbial communities. In contrast to the predictions of the EICA hypothesis, we found no difference in the competitive ability of introduced and native provenances when grown with soil microbiota from either the native or introduced range. Although plants from introduced provenances of two species grew more slowly than native provenances in native-range soils, as predicted by the EICA hypothesis, plants from the introduced provenance were no less competitive than native conspecifics. Overall, the growth rate of plants grown singly was a poor predictor of their competitive ability, highlighting the importance of directly quantifying plant performance in competitive scenarios, rather than relying on surrogate measures such as growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Shelby
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Philip E Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8123, 6700 ES Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin J McGinn
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Carolin Weser
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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79
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Crocker EV, Lanzafane JJ, Karp MA, Nelson EB. Overwintering seeds as reservoirs for seedling pathogens of wetland plant species. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen V. Crocker
- School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Justin J. Lanzafane
- School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Mary Ann Karp
- School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Eric B. Nelson
- School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Pathology and Plant‐Microbe Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
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80
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Müller G, van Kleunen M, Dawson W. Commonness and rarity of alien and native plant species - the relative roles of intraspecific competition and plant-soil feedback. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Müller
- Ecology, Dept of Biology; Univ. of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 DE-78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Dept of Biology; Univ. of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 DE-78457 Konstanz Germany
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Ecology, Dept of Biology; Univ. of Konstanz; Universitätsstrasse 10 DE-78457 Konstanz Germany
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University; South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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81
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Stricker KB, Harmon PF, Goss EM, Clay K, Luke Flory S. Emergence and accumulation of novel pathogens suppress an invasive species. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:469-77. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip F. Harmon
- Plant Pathology Department; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611
| | - Erica M. Goss
- Plant Pathology Department; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611
- Emerging Pathogens Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32610
| | - Keith Clay
- Department of Biology; Indiana University; Bloomington IN 47405
| | - S. Luke Flory
- Agronomy Department; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611
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82
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Schultheis EH, Berardi AE, Lau JA. No release for the wicked: enemy release is dynamic and not associated with invasiveness. Ecology 2015; 96:2446-57. [PMID: 26594701 DOI: 10.1890/14-2158.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The enemy release hypothesis predicts that invasive species will receive less damage from enemies, compared to co-occurring native and noninvasive exotic species in their introduced range. However, release operating early in invasion could be lost over time and with increased range size as introduced species acquire new enemies. We used three years of data, from 61 plant species planted into common gardens, to determine whether (1) invasive, noninvasive exotic, and native species experience differential damage from insect herbivores. and mammalian browsers, and (2) enemy release is lost with increased residence time and geographic spread in the introduced range. We find no evidence suggesting enemy release is a general mechanism contributing to invasiveness in this region. Invasive species received the most insect herbivory, and damage increased with longer residence times and larger range sizes at three spatial scales. Our results show that invasive and exotic species fail to escape enemies, particularly over longer temporal and larger spatial scales.
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83
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Bever JD, Mangan SA, Alexander HM. Maintenance of Plant Species Diversity by Pathogens. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-112414-054306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Scott A. Mangan
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Helen M. Alexander
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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84
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Craig ME, Pearson SM, Fraterrigo JM. Grass invasion effects on forest soil carbon depend on landscape-level land use patterns. Ecology 2015; 96:2265-79. [PMID: 26405751 DOI: 10.1890/14-1770.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant invasions can alter the quality and quantity of detrital and root-derived inputs entering a system, thereby influencing the activities of microbial decomposers and affecting the soil carbon cycle. The effect of these inputs on soil carbon storage is often conflicting, suggesting strong context dependency in the plant-decomposer relationship. Whether there is a generalizable pattern that explains this dependency remains relatively unexplored. Here, we (1) examine how invasion by the exotic grass Microstegium vimineum affects carbon cycling across a land use gradient, and (2) evaluate the importance of inorganic nitrogen availability and other environmental variables for explaining patterns in soil carbon. Using paired invaded and uninvaded plots, we quantified invasion effects on belowground carbon pools, extracellular enzyme activities, and native leaf litter decomposition in forests embedded in an urban, agricultural, or forested landscape matrix. Compared to the urban matrix, invasion-associated declines in total soil organic carbon in the forested and agricultural landscapes were 3.5 and 2.5 times greater, respectively. Inorganic nitrogen availability and M. vimineum biomass interacted to explain these patterns: when both nitrogen availability and M. vimineum biomass were high, invaded soils exhibited higher total organic carbon, unchanged particulate organic matter carbon, and higher mineral-associated organic matter carbon compared to adjacent uninvaded soils. Consistent with these patterns, activities of carbon-mineralizing enzymes were lower in invaded than in uninvaded soils when both nitrogen availability and M. vimineum biomass were high. By contrast,. decomposition of native leaf litter was faster when inorganic nitrogen availability and M. vimineum biomass were high. Our findings suggest that, although this invader may accelerate carbon cycling in forest soils, its effects on soil carbon storage largely depend on nitrogen availability and invader biomass, which can be altered by landscape-level patterns of land use. Additional research is needed to determine whether land use or other broad-scale processes such as atmospheric nitrogen deposition can explain context dependence in plant invasion effects on other ecosystem processes.
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85
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Bauer JT, Mack KML, Bever JD. Plant-soil feedbacks as drivers of succession: evidence from remnant and restored tallgrass prairies. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00480.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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86
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Kuebbing SE, Classen AT, Call JJ, Henning JA, Simberloff D. Plant–soil interactions promote co-occurrence of three nonnative woody shrubs. Ecology 2015; 96:2289-99. [DOI: 10.1890/14-2006.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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87
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Chiuffo MC, MacDougall AS, Hierro JL. Native and non-native ruderals experience similar plant-soil feedbacks and neighbor effects in a system where they coexist. Oecologia 2015. [PMID: 26209047 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent applications of coexistence theory to plant invasions posit that non-natives establish in resident communities through either niche differences or traits conferring them with fitness advantages, the former being associated with coexistence and the latter with dominance and competitive exclusion. Plant-soil feedback is a mechanism that is known to explain both coexistence and dominance. In a system where natives and non-natives appear to coexist, we explored how plant-soil feedbacks affect the performance of nine native and nine non-native ruderal species-the prevalent life-history strategy among non-natives-when grown alone and with a phytometer. We also conducted field samplings to estimate the abundance of the 18 species, and related feedbacks to abundances. We found that groups of native and non-native ruderals displayed similar frequencies of negative, positive, and neutral feedbacks, resulting in no detectable differences between natives and non-natives. Likewise, the phytometer exerted comparable negative impacts on native and non-native plants, which were unchanged by plant-soil feedbacks. Finally, feedbacks explained plant abundances only after removing one influential species which exhibited strong positive feedbacks but low abundance. Importantly, however, four out of five species with negative feedbacks were rare in the field. These findings suggest that soil feedbacks and plant-plant interactions do not confer an advantage to non-native over native species, but do contribute to the observed coexistence of these groups in the system. By comparing natives and non-natives with overlapping abundances and strategies, our work broadens understanding of the consequences of plant-soil feedbacks in plant invasion and, more generally, coexistence within plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Chiuffo
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa [INCITAP (CONICET-UNLPam)], Mendoza 109, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Andrew S MacDougall
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - José L Hierro
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa [INCITAP (CONICET-UNLPam)], Mendoza 109, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEyN), UNLPam, 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina.
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88
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Iacarella JC, Mankiewicz PS, Ricciardi A. Negative competitive effects of invasive plants change with time since invasion. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es15-00147.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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89
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Evolution of resistance by a native competitor can lead to invasion collapse in disease-mediated invasions. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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90
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Inderjit. Introduction to the Special Issue: The role of soil microbial-driven belowground processes in mediating exotic plant invasions. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv052. [PMID: 25979967 PMCID: PMC4481726 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial communities are one of the multiple factors that facilitate or resist plant invasion. Regional and biogeographic studies help to determine how soil communities and the processes mediated by soil microbes are linked to other mechanisms of invasion. Both the success of plant invasions and their impacts are profoundly influenced by a wide range of soil communities and the soil processes mediated by them. With an aim to better understand the mechanisms responsible for the soil community-driven routes, a special issue of AoB PLANTS was conceived. I hope that the range of papers included in the special issue will reveal some of the complexities in soil community-mediated plant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inderjit
- Department of Environmental Studies, Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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91
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Vestergård M, Rønn R, Ekelund F. Above-belowground interactions govern the course and impact of biological invasions. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv025. [PMID: 25854693 PMCID: PMC4417141 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of exotic organisms that subsequently become invasive is considered a serious threat to global biodiversity, and both scientists and nature-conservationists attempt to find explanations and means to meet this challenge. This requires a thorough analysis of the invasion phenomenon in an evolutionary and ecological context; in the case of invasive plants, we must have a major focus on above-belowground interactions. Thus, we discuss different theories that have been proposed to explain the course of invasions through interactions between plants and soil organisms. Further, a thorough analysis of invasion must include a temporal context. Invasions will typically include an initial acute phase, where the invader expands its territory and a later chronic phase where equilibrium is re-established. Many studies fail to make this distinction, which is unfortunate as it makes it impossible to thoroughly understand the invasion of focus. Thus, we claim that invasions fall into two broad categories. Some invasions irreversibly change pools and pathways of matter and energy in the invaded system; even if the abundance of the invader is reduced or it is completely removed, the system will not return to its former state. We use earthworm invasion in North America as a particular conspicuous example of invasive species that irreversibly change ecosystems. However, invasions may also be reversible, where the exotic organism dominates the system for a period, but in the longer term it either disappears, declines or its negative impact decreases. If the fundamental ecosystem structure and flows of energy and matter have not been changed, the system will return to a state not principally different from the original.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Vestergård
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Regin Rønn
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Flemming Ekelund
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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92
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Speek TAA, Schaminée JHJ, Stam JM, Lotz LAP, Ozinga WA, van der Putten WH. Local dominance of exotic plants declines with residence time: a role for plant-soil feedback? AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv021. [PMID: 25770013 PMCID: PMC4408614 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that introduced exotic plant species may be released from their native soil-borne pathogens, but that they become exposed to increased soil pathogen activity in the new range when time since introduction increases. Other studies have shown that introduced exotic plant species become less dominant when time since introduction increases, and that plant abundance may be controlled by soil-borne pathogens; however, no study yet has tested whether these soil effects might explain the decline in dominance of exotic plant species following their initial invasiveness. Here we determine plant-soil feedback of 20 plant species that have been introduced into The Netherlands. We tested the hypotheses that (i) exotic plant species with a longer residence time have a more negative soil feedback and (ii) greater local dominance of the introduced exotic plant species correlates with less negative, or more positive, plant-soil feedback. Although the local dominance of exotic plant species decreased with time since introduction, there was no relationship of local dominance with plant-soil feedback. Plant-soil feedback also did not become more negative with increasing time since introduction. We discuss why our results may deviate from some earlier published studies and why plant-soil feedback may not in all cases, or not in all comparisons, explain patterns of local dominance of introduced exotic plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja A A Speek
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop H J Schaminée
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Ecology, Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology Research Group, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeltje M Stam
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A P Lotz
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim A Ozinga
- Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H van der Putten
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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93
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Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Nature 2015; 515:505-11. [PMID: 25428498 DOI: 10.1038/nature13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1140] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that the immense diversity of microorganisms and animals that live belowground contributes significantly to shaping aboveground biodiversity and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Our understanding of how this belowground biodiversity is distributed, and how it regulates the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, is rapidly growing. Evidence also points to soil biodiversity as having a key role in determining the ecological and evolutionary responses of terrestrial ecosystems to current and future environmental change. Here we review recent progress and propose avenues for further research in this field.
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94
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Huang F, Peng S, Chen B, Liao H, Huang Q, Lin Z, Liu G. Rapid evolution of dispersal-related traits during range expansion of an invasive vineMikania micrantha. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Shaolin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Baoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Huixuan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Qiaoqiao Huang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences; 571101 Haikou PR China
| | - Zhenguang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou PR China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou PR China
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95
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Interactions among mutualism, competition, and predation foster species coexistence in diverse communities. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-015-0251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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96
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Bogar LM, Dickie IA, Kennedy PG. Testing the co-invasion hypothesis: ectomycorrhizal fungal communities onAlnus glutinosaandSalix fragilisin New Zealand. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bogar
- Department of Biology; Stanford University; 371 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre; Lincoln University; Box 85084 Lincoln New Zealand
- Landcare Research; Box 69040 Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Plant Biology; 250 Biological Science Center; University of Minnesota; 1445 Gortner Ave St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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97
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Anacker BL, Klironomos JN, Maherali H, Reinhart KO, Strauss SY. Phylogenetic conservatism in plant-soil feedback and its implications for plant abundance. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:1613-21. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Anacker
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - John N. Klironomos
- Department of Biology; University of British Columbia; Okanagan campus; Kelowna British Columbia Canada
| | - Hafiz Maherali
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Guelph; Ontario Canada
| | - Kurt O. Reinhart
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory; USDA-Agricultural Research Service; Miles City MT 59301 USA
| | - Sharon Y. Strauss
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
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98
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Dickie IA, St John MG, Yeates GW, Morse CW, Bonner KI, Orwin K, Peltzer DA. Belowground legacies of Pinus contorta invasion and removal result in multiple mechanisms of invasional meltdown. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu056. [PMID: 25228312 PMCID: PMC4240229 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant invasions can change soil biota and nutrients in ways that drive subsequent plant communities, particularly when co-invading with belowground mutualists such as ectomycorrhizal fungi. These effects can persist following removal of the invasive plant and, combined with effects of removal per se, influence subsequent plant communities and ecosystem functioning. We used field observations and a soil bioassay with multiple plant species to determine the belowground effects and post-removal legacy caused by invasion of the non-native tree Pinus contorta into a native plant community. Pinus facilitated ectomycorrhizal infection of the co-occurring invasive tree, Pseudotsuga menziesii, but not conspecific Pinus (which always had ectomycorrhizas) nor the native pioneer Kunzea ericoides (which never had ectomycorrhizas). Pinus also caused a major shift in soil nutrient cycling as indicated by increased bacterial dominance, NO3-N (17-fold increase) and available phosphorus (3.2-fold increase) in soils, which in turn promoted increased growth of graminoids. These results parallel field observations, where Pinus removal is associated with invasion by non-native grasses and herbs, and suggest that legacies of Pinus on soil nutrient cycling thus indirectly promote invasion of other non-native plant species. Our findings demonstrate that multi-trophic belowground legacies are an important but hitherto largely unconsidered factor in plant community reassembly following invasive plant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Dickie
- Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Mark G St John
- Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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99
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Mack KML, Bever JD. Coexistence and relative abundance in plant communities are determined by feedbacks when the scale of feedback and dispersal is local. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2014; 102:1195-1201. [PMID: 25435591 PMCID: PMC4243165 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
1. Negative plant-soil feedback occurs when the presence of an individual of a particular species at a particular site decreases the relative success of individuals of the same species compared to those other species at that site. This effect favors heterospecifics thereby facilitating coexistence and maintaining diversity. Empirical work has demonstrated that the average strengths of these feedbacks correlate with the relative abundance of species within a community, suggesting that feedbacks are an important driver of plant community composition. Understanding what factors contribute to the generation of this relationship is necessary for diagnosing the dynamic forces that maintain diversity in plant communities. 2. We used a spatially explicit, individual-based computer simulation to test the effects of dispersal distance, the size of feedback neighbourhoods, the strength of pairwise feedbacks and community wide variation of feedbacks, community richness, as well as life-history differences on the dependence of relative abundance on strength of feedback. 3. We found a positive dependence of relative abundance of a species on its average feedback for local scale dispersal and feedback. However, we found that the strength of this dependence decreased as either the spatial scale of dispersal and/or the spatial scale of feedback increased. We also found that for spatially local (i.e. relatively small) scale interaction and dispersal, as the mean strength of feedbacks in the community becomes less negative, the greater the increase in abundance produced by a comparable increase in species-specific average feedback. We found that life-history differences such as mortality rate did not generate a pattern with abundance, nor did they affect the relationship between abundance and average feedback. 4.Synthesis. Our results support the claim that empirical observations of a positive correlation between relative abundance and strength of average feedback serves as evidence that local scale negative feedbacks play a prominent role in structuring plant communities. We also identify that this relationship depends upon local scale plant dispersal and feedback which generates clumping and magnifies the negative feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan M. L. Mack
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405
| | - James. D. Bever
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, 1001 East Third Street, Bloomington, IN 47405
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100
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Sun Y, Müller-Schärer H, Schaffner U. Plant neighbours rather than soil biota determine impact of an alien plant invader. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution; University of Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 10 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
- CABI; Rue des Grillons 1 Delémont 2800 Switzerland
| | - Heinz Müller-Schärer
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution; University of Fribourg; Chemin du Musée 10 Fribourg 1700 Switzerland
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