51
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Exploring the Association Between Insecure Attachment Styles and Adolescent Autonomy in Family Decision Making: A Differentiated Approach. J Youth Adolesc 2012; 42:1837-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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52
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Bámaca-Colbert MY, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Gayles JG. A developmental-contextual model of depressive symptoms in Mexican-origin female adolescents. Dev Psychol 2012; 48:406-21. [PMID: 21967564 PMCID: PMC3601748 DOI: 10.1037/a0025666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study tested a developmental-contextual model of depressive symptomatology among Mexican-origin, female early and middle adolescents and their mothers. The final sample comprised 271 dyads. We examined the interrelations among cultural (i.e., acculturation dissonance), developmental (i.e., pubertal development and autonomy expectation discrepancies), and interpersonal (i.e., mother-daughter conflict and maternal supportive parenting) factors in predicting adolescents' depressive symptoms. For both early and middle adolescents, maternal support was negatively associated with mother-daughter conflict and depressive symptoms. Mother-daughter autonomy expectation discrepancies were positively associated with mother-daughter conflict, but this association was found only among early adolescents. Further, mother-daughter acculturation dissonance was positively associated with mother-daughter conflict but only among middle adolescents. Findings call for concurrently examining the interface of developmental, relational, and cultural factors in predicting female adolescents' depressive symptomatology and the potential differences by developmental stage (e.g., early vs. middle adolescence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Y. Bámaca-Colbert
- Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mayra Y. Bámaca-Colbert, Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Development and Family Studies at The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Henderson South Building, University Park, PA 16802,
| | - Adriana J. Umaña-Taylor
- School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, PO Box 873701, Tempe, AZ 85287-3701
| | - Jochebed G. Gayles
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies at The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Henderson South Building, University Park, PA 16802
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53
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Abstract
In this study, we evaluated complex patterns of attachment discontinuity across time in 133 individuals from the Minnesota Study of Risk and Adaptation. In addition to individuals who were either insecure or secure across infancy, late adolescence, and adulthood (Stably Insecure and Stably Secure, respectively), we found three additional groups: Infant/Adolescent Secure, Infant/Adult Secure, and Infant-only Secure. Changes in attachment representations in these groups across time corresponded to stresses and supports in the socio-emotional context. The two groups classified as secure in adulthood (Stably Secure and Infant/Adult Secure) experienced more positive relationship-based outcomes than the other three groups. Our results suggest that continuity may be a reflection of a stable social context as much as it is an artifact of early working models, and illustrate "homeorhetic" pathways of development, in which not only the direction but the length of a developmental pathway can constrain future developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Van Ryzin
- Oregon Social Learning Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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54
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Kirchmann H, Steyer R, Mayer A, Joraschky P, Schreiber-Willnow K, Strauss B. Effects of adult inpatient group psychotherapy on attachment characteristics: an observational study comparing routine care to an untreated comparison group. Psychother Res 2011; 22:95-114. [PMID: 22092435 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2011.626807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the changes in attachment characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient group psychotherapy in routine care. We collected data from 265 consecutively recruited patients and 260 non-clinical control persons using self-report measures of attachment, depression, and socio-demographic characteristics. The effects of treatment on patients were analyzed using propensity score techniques (propensity strata and logit-transformed propensity scores) in combination with a generalized analysis of covariance. A moderate increase of attachment security was found which could be attributed to a decrease both in attachment anxiety and avoidance. Pre-post improvements in attachment with regard to romantic partnerships were stable after a 1-year follow-up. Furthermore, we found significant treatment-covariate interactions indicating that subjects with particularly high treatment propensities (propensities were highly correlated with depression and attachment anxiety) improved the most in terms of attachment security. Our results are encouraging for psychotherapeutic practice in that they provide evidence that long-term attachment improvements can be reached via psychotherapy. Our results will also provide a sound basis for future studies in the field of clinical attachment research, e.g., studies examining whether improved attachment security is correlated to symptom improvements in different psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kirchmann
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena, Germany.
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55
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Vandenbosch L, Eggermont S. Maternal Attachment and Television Viewing in Adolescents’ Sexual Socialization: Differential Associations Across Gender. SEX ROLES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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56
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Webster L, Joubert D. Use of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System in an Assessment of an Adolescent in Foster Care. J Pers Assess 2011; 93:417-26. [DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2011.594127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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57
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Dykas MJ, Woodhouse SS, Ehrlich KB, Cassidy J. Do adolescents and parents reconstruct memories about their conflict as a function of adolescent attachment? Child Dev 2010; 81:1445-59. [PMID: 20840233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether 17-year-old adolescents (n=189) and their parents reconstructed their memory for an adolescent-parent laboratory conflict over a 6-week period as a function of adolescent attachment organization. It also compared participants' perceptions of conflict over time to observational ratings of the conflict to further characterize the nature of the attachment-related memory biases that emerged. Secure adolescents reconstructed interactions with each parent more favorably over time, whereas insecure adolescents showed less favorable reconstructive memory. Likewise, mothers of secure girls reconstructed conflicts more favorably over time, whereas mothers of insecure boys showed less favorable reconstructive memory. Participant ratings were associated with observational ratings in theoretically consistent ways. Contrary to expectations, fathers showed no attachment-related memory biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Dykas
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY 13126, USA.
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58
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What I like about you: the association between adolescent attachment security and emotional behavior in a relationship promoting context. J Adolesc 2010; 34:1017-24. [PMID: 21159373 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because the ability to flexibly experience and appropriately express emotions across a range of developmentally relevant contexts is crucial to adaptive functioning, we examined how adolescent attachment security may be related to more functional emotional behavior during a relationship promoting interaction task. Data were collected from 74 early adolescent girls (Mean age 13.45 years; SD = 0.68; 89% Caucasian) and their primary caregiver. Results indicated that, regardless of the parent's interaction behavior and the level of stress in the parent-adolescent relationship, greater adolescent security was associated with more positive and less negative behavioral displays, including greater positivity, greater coherence of verbal content and affect, less embarrassment, and less emotional dysregulation in response to a situational demand for establishing intimacy with the parent. Implications for encouraging and fostering adolescents' capacity to respond to interpersonal contexts in ways that promote the relationship are discussed.
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59
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Georgiou SN, Fanti KA. A transactional model of bullying and victimization. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11218-010-9116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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60
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Allen JP, Miga EM. Attachment in adolescence: A move to the level of emotion regulation. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2010; 27:181-190. [PMID: 20431705 PMCID: PMC2860752 DOI: 10.1177/0265407509360898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The early adolescent's state of mind in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is more closely linked to social interactions with peers, who are unlikely to serve as attachment figures, than it is to (i) qualities of the adolescent's interactions with parents, (ii) the AAI of the adolescent's mother, or (iii) the adolescent's prior Strange Situation behavior. This unexpected finding suggests the value of reconceptualizing AAI autonomy/security as a marker of the adolescent's capacity for emotion regulation in social interactions. Supporting this, we note that the AAI was originally validated not as a marker of attachment experiences or expectations with one's caregivers, but as a predictor of caregiving capacity sufficient to produce secure offspring. As such, the AAI may be fruitfully viewed as primarily assessing social emotion regulation capacities that support both strong caregiving skills and strong skills relating with peers.
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61
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Rudasill KM, Gallagher KC, White JM. Temperamental attention and activity, classroom emotional support, and academic achievement in third grade. J Sch Psychol 2009; 48:113-34. [PMID: 20159222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the interplay of children's temperamental attention and activity (assessed when children were 4-and-a-half years old) and classroom emotional support as they relate to children's academic achievement in third grade. Particular focus is placed on the moderating role of classroom emotional support on the relationship between temperament (attention and activity level) and academic achievement. Regression analyses indicated that children's attention and activity level were associated with children's third grade reading and mathematics achievement, and classroom emotional support was associated with children's third grade reading and mathematics achievement. In addition, classroom emotional support moderated the relation between children's attention and reading and mathematics achievement, such that attention mattered most for reading and mathematics achievement for children in classrooms with lower emotional support. Findings point to the importance of understanding how children's temperament and classroom emotional support may work together to promote or inhibit children's academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Moritz Rudasill
- University of Louisville, College of Education and Human Development, Louisville, KY 40292, United States.
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62
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Confalonieri E, Traficante D, Vitali R. Attachment type for adolescents in residential treatment centers. Psychol Rep 2009; 105:161-72. [PMID: 19810443 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.105.1.161-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The styles of attachment in two groups of adolescents with different characteristics and life experiences are examined. Participants were 81 adolescents residing inside residential treatment centers (M age = 15.5 yr., SD = 1.1; 48% boys, 52% girls) and 81 adolescents living with their own families (M age =15.6 yr., SD = 1.3; 49% boys, 51% girls). The Italian adaptation of the Separation Anxiety Test was used to measure attachment style. Only the data obtained from the "Self" perspective indicated a significant difference between the two groups, showing higher percentages of Secure attachment among adolescents living with their families. When replies were referred to the "Self," the risk of assessing Insecure attachment in the Residential group was about 2 times higher than in the Family group (OR = 2.28).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Confalonieri
- Department of Psychology, Center of Research in Developmental and Educational Dynamics, Catholic University, Milan, Italy.
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63
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Jerome EM, Hamre BK, Pianta RC. Teacher-Child Relationships from Kindergarten to Sixth Grade: Early childhood predictors of teacher-perceived conflict and closeness. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2009; 18:915-945. [PMID: 24991084 DOI: 10.1111/sode.2009.18.issue-410.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article examines general trends in teacher-reported conflict and closeness among 878 children from kindergarten through sixth grade, and examines early childhood characteristics that predict differences in initial levels and growth of conflict and closeness over time. Results indicated modest stability of teacher-perceived conflict and closeness through sixth grade, with relatively greater stability in perceptions of conflict. Levels of conflict at kindergarten were higher for children who were male, Black, had greater mean hours of childcare, had lower academic achievement scores, and had greater externalizing behavior. Children identified as Black and those with less sensitive mothers were at greater risk for increased conflict with teachers over time. Levels of teacher-reported closeness were lower when children were male, had lower quality home environments, and had lower academic achievement scores. The gap in closeness ratings between males and females increased in the middle-elementary school years. Additional analyses were conduced to explore differences in teacher-ratings of conflict between Black and White students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M Jerome
- Elisabeth Jerome, University of Virginia, 350 Old Ivy Way, Suite 100, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Bridget K Hamre
- Elisabeth Jerome, University of Virginia, 350 Old Ivy Way, Suite 100, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Robert C Pianta
- Elisabeth Jerome, University of Virginia, 350 Old Ivy Way, Suite 100, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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64
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Jerome EM, Hamre BK, Pianta RC. Teacher-Child Relationships from Kindergarten to Sixth Grade: Early childhood predictors of teacher-perceived conflict and closeness. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2009; 18:915-945. [PMID: 24991084 PMCID: PMC4075466 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article examines general trends in teacher-reported conflict and closeness among 878 children from kindergarten through sixth grade, and examines early childhood characteristics that predict differences in initial levels and growth of conflict and closeness over time. Results indicated modest stability of teacher-perceived conflict and closeness through sixth grade, with relatively greater stability in perceptions of conflict. Levels of conflict at kindergarten were higher for children who were male, Black, had greater mean hours of childcare, had lower academic achievement scores, and had greater externalizing behavior. Children identified as Black and those with less sensitive mothers were at greater risk for increased conflict with teachers over time. Levels of teacher-reported closeness were lower when children were male, had lower quality home environments, and had lower academic achievement scores. The gap in closeness ratings between males and females increased in the middle-elementary school years. Additional analyses were conduced to explore differences in teacher-ratings of conflict between Black and White students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M. Jerome
- Elisabeth Jerome, University of Virginia, 350 Old Ivy Way, Suite 100, Charlottesville, VA 22903
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65
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Branstetter SA, Furman W, Cottrell L. The influence of representations of attachment, maternal-adolescent relationship quality, and maternal monitoring on adolescent substance use: a 2-year longitudinal examination. Child Dev 2009; 80:1448-62. [PMID: 19765011 PMCID: PMC2766927 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the hypotheses that more secure representations of attachments to parents are associated with less adolescent substance use over time and that this link is mediated through relationship quality and monitoring. A sample of 200 adolescents (M = 14-16 years), their mothers, and close friends were assessed over 2 years. Higher levels of security in attachment styles, but not states of mind, were predictive of higher levels of monitoring and support and lower levels of negative interactions. Higher levels of security in attachment styles had an indirect effect on changes in substance use over time, mediated by maternal monitoring. These findings highlight the roles of representations of attachments, mother-adolescent relationship qualities, and monitoring in the development of adolescent substance use.
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66
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Chango JM, McElhaney KB, Allen JP. Attachment organization and patterns of conflict resolution in friendships predicting adolescents' depressive symptoms over time. Attach Hum Dev 2009; 11:331-46. [PMID: 19603299 DOI: 10.1080/14616730903016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the moderating effects of observed conflict management styles with friends on the link between adolescents' preoccupied attachment organization and changing levels of depressive symptoms from age 13 to age 18 years. Adolescents and their close friends were observed during a revealed differences task, and friends' behaviors were coded for both conflict avoidance and overpersonalizing attacks. Results indicated that preoccupied adolescents showed greater relative increases in depressive symptoms when their friends demonstrated overpersonalizing behaviors, vs. greater relative decreases in depressive symptoms when their friends avoided conflict by deferring to them. Results suggest the exquisite sensitivity of preoccupied adolescents to qualities of peer relationships as predictors of future levels of psychological functioning.
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67
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Caregiver unresolved loss and abuse and child behavior problems: intergenerational effects in a high-risk sample. Dev Psychopathol 2009; 21:173-87. [PMID: 19144229 DOI: 10.1017/s095457940900011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the intergenerational effects of caregivers' unresolved loss and abuse on children's behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence in an economically disadvantaged sample. One hundred twenty-four caregivers completed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and a lifetime trauma interview during the age 13 wave of the study. Child behavior problems were assessed at four time points (ages 6, 8, 10, and 13) with teacher-reported Child Behavior Checklist total problem scales. The children of insecure caregivers with unresolved loss showed a consistent pattern of increased behavior problems from middle childhood to early adolescence. Caregivers' AAI status accounted for more variance in child behavior problems than did an alternative model of caregiver psychopathology (depression and dissociation). The results extend the literature on the effects of caregiver unresolved states of mind beyond infancy to older children and adolescents.
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68
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Champion JE, Jaser SS, Reeslund KL, Simmons L, Potts JE, Shears AR, Compas BE. Caretaking behaviors by adolescent children of mothers with and without a history of depression. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2009; 23:156-66. [PMID: 19364210 PMCID: PMC2821693 DOI: 10.1037/a0014978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In a sample of 72 mothers with and without a history of depression and their adolescent children, maternal depression history, current maternal depressive symptoms, intrusive and withdrawn parental behavior, and adolescent caretaking behaviors were examined as predictors of adjustment in these youth. Two types of caretaking behaviors were examined: emotional (e.g., caring for a parent's emotional distress) and instrumental (e.g., looking after younger siblings). Although adolescents of mothers with and without a history of depression were comparable on levels of both types of caretaking, caretaking was associated with adolescents' reports of anxiety-depression and mothers' reports of social competence only for adolescents of mothers with a history of depression. Moreover, regression models showed that among children of mothers with a history of depression, emotional, but not instrumental, caretaking was related to adolescents' anxiety-depression symptoms and social competence after controlling for current parental depressive symptoms and stressful parenting behaviors. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Champion
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
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69
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Hafen CA, Laursen B. More problems and less support: early adolescent adjustment forecasts changes in perceived support from parents. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2009; 23:193-202. [PMID: 19364213 PMCID: PMC2754764 DOI: 10.1037/a0015077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examines longitudinal associations between adolescent adjustment and perceived parental support across the middle-school years (ages 11 to 13) in a diverse sample of 197 girls and 116 boys. Growth curve models revealed associations between the slope of change in perceptions of support in relationships with mothers and fathers and the slope of change in adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms such that declining support accompanied increasing problems. After controlling for this correlated change, there was still evidence of child-problem effects on changes in relationship support (i.e., initial levels of adolescent externalizing symptoms predicted subsequent changes in perceived parental support), but there was no evidence of parent-support effects on changes in adjustment (i.e., initial levels of relationship support did not predict changes in adolescent externalizing symptoms). Declines in perceived parental support were steeper at high-initial levels of adolescent externalizing than at average or low levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hafen
- Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL 33314, USA.
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70
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Fanti KA, Frick PJ, Georgiou S. Linking Callous-Unemotional Traits to Instrumental and Non-Instrumental Forms of Aggression. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-008-9111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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71
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Cannon EA, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ, Mangelsdorf SC, Brown GL, Sokolowski MS. Parent characteristics as antecedents of maternal gatekeeping and fathering behavior. FAMILY PROCESS 2008; 47:501-19. [PMID: 19130790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2008.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of prebirth parent characteristics as predictors of maternal gatekeeping (mothers' attempts to encourage or discourage fathers' interaction with their infant) and fathering behavior. Parents' idealization of their relationships within their families of origin, beliefs about the roles of fathers, and personality attributes (negative emotionality and communion) were assessed before their infant's birth. At 3.5 months postpartum, maternal gatekeeping behaviors (negative control, facilitation) and fathers' involvement and competence with their infants were assessed during observation of triadic play and child care. Results suggest reciprocal relations between maternal gatekeeping and fathering behavior. Furthermore, greater paternal communion was associated with greater paternal competence during play, whereas greater maternal communion was associated with lower paternal competence during child care. Greater maternal communion and greater maternal idealization related to fathers' lower relative involvement during play. As for maternal gatekeeping behavior, high negative emotionality in 1 parent was only accompanied by high levels of inhibitory maternal gatekeeping when the other parent had less progressive beliefs about the father's role. The implications of these findings for clinicians and practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Cannon
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, The Ohio State University, 1787 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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72
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Shochet IM, Homel R, Cockshaw WD, Montgomery DT. How do school connectedness and attachment to parents interrelate in predicting adolescent depressive symptoms? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2008; 37:676-81. [PMID: 18645757 DOI: 10.1080/15374410802148053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we tested whether school connectedness mediated or moderated the effect of parental attachment on adolescent depressive symptoms. A sample of 153 secondary school students ranging from 8th to 12th grade were assessed using measures of parental attachment, school connectedness, and depressive symptoms. Independently, parental attachment and school connectedness accounted for 28% and 49% of the variance in depressive symptoms respectively, whereas collectively they accounted for 53% of the variance. School connectedness only partially mediated the relationship between parental attachment and depressive symptoms, and there was no significant moderation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Shochet
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Carseldine Campus, Beams Road, Carseldine QLD 4034, Australia.
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73
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Caspers K, Yucuis R, Troutman B, Arndt S, Langbehn D. A sibling adoption study of adult attachment: the influence of shared environment on attachment states of mind. Attach Hum Dev 2008; 9:375-91. [PMID: 18049934 DOI: 10.1080/14616730701711581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study extends existing research investigating sibling concordance on attachment by examining concordance for adult attachment in a sample of 126 genetically unrelated sibling pairs. The Adult Attachment Interview (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1985; Main, Goldwyn, & Hesse, 2003) was used to assess states of mind with regard to attachment. The average age of the participants was 39 years old. The distribution of attachment classifications was independent of adoptive status. Attachment concordance rates were unassociated with gender concordance and sibling age difference. Concordance for autonomous/non-autonomous classifications was significant at 61% as was concordance for primary classifications at 53%. The concordance rate for not-unresolved/unresolved was non-significant at 67%. Our findings demonstrate similarity of working models of attachment between siblings independent of genetic relatedness between siblings and generations (i.e., parent and child). These findings extend previous research by further implicating shared environment as a major influence on sibling similarities on organized patterns of attachment in adulthood. The non-significant concordance for the unresolved classification suggests that unresolved loss or trauma may be less influenced by shared environment and more likely to be influenced by post-childhood experiences or genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Caspers
- Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
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74
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Dykas MJ, Cassidy J. Attachment and the processing of social information in adolescence. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2007:41-56. [PMID: 17876785 DOI: 10.1002/cd.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Dykas
- Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, USA
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75
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Allen JP, Porter M, McFarland C, McElhaney KB, Marsh P. The relation of attachment security to adolescents' paternal and peer relationships, depression, and externalizing behavior. Child Dev 2007; 78:1222-39. [PMID: 17650135 PMCID: PMC2413435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relation of attachment security to multiple domains of psychosocial functioning was examined in a community sample of 167 early adolescents. Security of attachment organization, assessed using the Adult Attachment Interview, was linked to success in establishing autonomy while maintaining a sense of relatedness both with fathers and with peers, even after accounting for predictions from qualities of the mother-teen relationship. Growth curve analyses revealed links of insecurity to increasing patterns of externalizing behavior and higher and stable patterns of depressive symptoms across adolescence. Implications for a developing theory of the connections of the attachment system to multiple domains of functioning in adolescence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22904-4400, USA.
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Green BL, Furrer C, McAllister C. How do relationships support parenting? Effects of attachment style and social support on parenting behavior in an at-risk population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2007; 40:96-108. [PMID: 17610062 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-007-9127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The importance of supportive relationships for new parents has been the focus of both research and parenting interventions. Attachment style, typically viewed as a relatively stable trait reflecting one's comfort in social relationships, as well as social support, or one's perception of the social context, have both been found to be important for fostering engaged, involved parenting. Less is known, however, about how these variables work together to influence parenting behavior, especially in families at higher risk for negative child outcomes. Data were collected from 152 urban, predominantly African American, low-income parents when their children were 14 and 36 months of age. Results suggest that parents with more social support show greater increases in the frequency of positive parent-child activities over time, but that this effect is mediated by mothers' attachment style, specifically, their level of anxious/ambivalent attachment. Mothers with more social support tended to be less anxious/ambivalent about close relationships, and this in turn led to increases over time in the frequency of parent-child interactions. Mothers' tendency to avoid close relationships, however, while correlated with social support, was unrelated to changes in parenting behavior. Implications of these findings for program development, parenting, and the malleability of attachment style based on social context are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Green
- NPC Research, Inc, 4380 SW Macadam Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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77
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Carlivati J, Collins WA. Adolescent attachment representations and development in a risk sample. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2007:91-106. [PMID: 17876789 DOI: 10.1002/cd.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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McElhaney KB, Immele A, Smith FD, Allen JP. Attachment organization as a moderator of the link between friendship quality and adolescent delinquency. Attach Hum Dev 2006; 8:33-46. [PMID: 16581622 PMCID: PMC1551979 DOI: 10.1080/14616730600585250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined attachment organization as a moderator of the link between the quality of the adolescents' current friendships and delinquent behavior. Data were gathered from a moderately at-risk sample of 71 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse adolescents. Results revealed a moderating effect of attachment organization (as assessed by the AAI) such that strong and supportive friendships were linked to lower levels of delinquency, but only when adolescents' attachment organization reflected an orientation toward heightened attention to attachment relationships (via preoccupation or via clear lack of dismissal of attachment). These results suggest that attachment organization plays an important role in delineating the conditions under which the qualities of social relationships are likely to be linked to important psychosocial outcomes.
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79
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Rönnlund M, Karlsson E. The Relation Between Dimensions of Attachment and Internalizing or Externalizing Problems During Adolescence. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2006; 167:47-63. [PMID: 16629403 DOI: 10.3200/gntp.167.1.47-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the relation between dimensions of attachment and internalizing and externalizing problems in 15- to 16-year-old adolescents (n = 62) who completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ; J. Feeney, P. Noller, & M. Hanrahan, 1994) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR; T. M. Achenbach, 1991). In total, the ASQ dimensions accounted for 48% of the variance in scores on the broad YSR internalizing problem scale. Three ASQ dimensions (confidence, discomfort with closeness, preoccupation with relationships) accounted for unique variance. Girls exhibited higher problem scores than did boys even when the authors considered ASQ scores. The authors observed comparable results for the anxious/depressed subscales. The confidence, discomfort, and preoccupation dimensions predicted scores on the withdrawn subscale. The authors observed weak relations or no relations between results on the ASQ and the externalizing problems scale. In conclusion, dimensions of attachment are powerful predictors of internalizing problems in adolescents. The authors discussed the potential cause and effect relationship between attachment variables and self-reported problems.
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