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Parra MC, Costa DFA, Palma ASV, Camargo KDV, Lima LO, Harper KJ, Meale SJ, Silva LFP. The use of live yeast to increase intake and performance of cattle receiving low-quality tropical forages. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6119595. [PMID: 33493259 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of a specific strain of live yeast (LY) on growth performance, fermentation parameters, feed efficiency, and bacterial communities in the rumen of growing cattle fed low-quality hay. In experiment (exp.) 1, 12 Droughtmaster bull calves (270 ± 7.6 kg initial body weight [BW]) were blocked by BW into two groups, allocated individually in pens, and fed ad libitum Rhodes grass hay (8.4% of crude protein [CP]) and 300 g/bull of supplement (52% CP) without (Control) or with LY (8 × 109 colony-forming unit [CFU]/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077; Lallemand Inc., Montreal, Canada) for 28 d, followed by 7 d in metabolism crates. Blood and rumen fluid were collected before feeding and 4 h after feeding. In exp. 2, for assessment of growth performance, 48 Charbray steers (329 ± 20.2 kg initial BW) were separated into two blocks by initial BW and randomly allocated into 12 pens. The steers were fed Rhodes grass hay (7.3% CP) and 220 g/steer of supplement (60% CP) without or with LY (8 × 109 CFU/d) for 42 d, after a 2-wk adaptation period. In exp. 1, fiber digestibility was calculated from total fecal collection, and, in exp 2, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was used as a marker. Inclusion of LY increased (P = 0.03) NDF intake by 8.3% in exp. 1, without affecting total tract digestibility. No changes were observed in microbial yield or in the efficiency of microbial production. There was a Treatment × Time interaction (P < 0.01) for the molar proportion of short-chain fatty acids, with LY increasing propionate before feeding. Inclusion of LY decreased rumen ammonia 4 h after feeding (P = 0.03). The addition of LY reduced rumen bacterial diversity and the intraday variation in bacterial populations. Relative populations of Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia varied over time (P < 0.05) only within the Control group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of an unclassified bacterial genus within the order Clostridiales, a group of cellulolytic bacteria, was reduced from 0 to 4 h after feeding in the Control group (P = 0.02) but not in the LY group (P = 1.00). During exp. 2, LY tended to increase average daily gain (ADG) (P = 0.08) and feed efficiency (P = 0.10), with no effect on NDF intake or digestibility. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 reduced the intraday variation of rumen bacteria and increased the amount of NDF digested per day. These observations could be associated with the tendency of increased ADG and feed efficiency in growing cattle fed a low-quality forage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano C Parra
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Diogo F A Costa
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Andre S V Palma
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Karine D V Camargo
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Lais O Lima
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Karen J Harper
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah J Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Luis F P Silva
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Animal Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Renuh S, Candyrine SCL, Paengkoum P, Goh YM, Sazili AQ, Liang JB. Enhancing bypass starch in cassava chip to sustain growth in goat. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wu J, Zhang X, Wang R, Wang M, He Z, Tan Z, Jiao J. Replacing corn grain with corn gluten feed: Effects on the rumen microbial protein synthesis, functional bacterial groups and epithelial amino acid chemosensing in growing goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang Z, Niu X, Li F, Li F, Guo L. Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria abundance leads to the variation in fatty acids in the rumen digesta and meat of fattening lambs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5873880. [PMID: 32687154 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminal cellulolytic bacteria could be a diagnostic tool for determining the subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) risk in individual ruminants; however, a limited number of studies have investigated the effects of the abundance of ruminal cellulolytic bacteria on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the rumen digesta and the muscle of sheep. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the variation of rumen cellulolytic bacteria on the rumen fermentation, rumen digesta, and muscle FA composition of fattening lambs fed an identical diet. Forty-eight lambs were reared in individual units and fed a high-concentrate diet consisting of 20% forage and 80% concentrate. All lambs were adapted to diets and facilities for 14 d, and sampling was for 63 d. At the end of the experiment, the rumen fluid, rumen digesta, and longissimus dorsi were collected after slaughter for the measurement of volatile fatty acids, ruminal bacterial DNA, rumen digesta, and muscle FAs. The lambs were classified into the lower cellulolytic bacteria (LCB, n = 10) group and the higher cellulolytic bacteria (HCB, n = 10) group according to the abundance of pH-sensitive cellulolytic bacteria (Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens) in the rumen. Ruminal acetate concentration was positively correlated with the number of R. flavefaciens, F. Succinogenes, and B. fibrisolvens (P < 0.05, r > 0.296), whereas propionate and valerate concentrations were negatively correlated with the amount of F. succinogenes and B. fibrisolvens (P < 0.05, r > 0.348). Compared with the LCB group, the acetate (P = 0.018) as well as acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.012) in the HCB group was higher, but the valerate ratio was lower (P = 0.002). The proportions of even-chain FAs and odd- and branched-chain fatty acid in the rumen digesta of lambs with the HCB were higher (P < 0.05), while the polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased than those in the LCB lambs (P < 0.05), but those FA proportions in the meat were similar between the two groups. The proportion of C17:0 in the meat of lambs in the HCB group was lower than that of lambs in the LCB group (P = 0.033). The proportions of conjugated linoleic acid in rumen digesta and meat were both higher in the HCB group than that in the LCB group (P = 0.046). These results indicated that the ruminal cellulolytic bacteria can alter the FA compositions in rumen digesta and further influenced the FA compositions in the meat of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fadi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids from linseed oil decrease methane production by altering the rumen microbiome in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242158. [PMID: 33170886 PMCID: PMC7654805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CSFA) from linseed oil have the potential to reduce methane (CH4) production from ruminants; however, there is little information on the effect of supplementary CSFA on rumen microbiome as well as CH4 production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary CSFA on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, CH4 production, and rumen microbiome in vitro. We compared five treatments: three CSFA concentrations-0% (CON), 2.25% (FAL) and 4.50% (FAH) on a dry matter (DM) basis-15 mM of fumarate (FUM), and 20 mg/kg DM of monensin (MON). The results showed that the proportions of propionate in FAL, FAH, FUM, and MON were increased, compared with CON (P < 0.05). Although DM and neutral detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash (NDFom) digestibility decreased in FAL and FAH compared to those in CON (P < 0.05), DM digestibility-adjusted CH4 production in FAL and FAH was reduced by 38.2% and 63.0%, respectively, compared with that in CON (P < 0.05). The genera Ruminobacter, Succinivibrio, Succiniclasticum, Streptococcus, Selenomonas.1, and Megasphaera, which are related to propionate production, were increased (P < 0.05), while Methanobrevibacter and protozoa counts, which are associated with CH4 production, were decreased in FAH, compared with CON (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the inclusion of CSFA significantly changed the rumen microbiome, leading to the acceleration of propionate production and the reduction of CH4 production. In conclusion, although further in vivo study is needed to evaluate the reduction effect on rumen CH4 production, CSFA may be a promising candidate for reduction of CH4 emission from ruminants.
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Direkvandi E, Mohammadabadi T, Salem AZM. Effect of microbial feed additives on growth performance, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbial population in growing lambs. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa203. [PMID: 33364553 PMCID: PMC7749706 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Arabi lambs (n =28; body weight = 24 ± 3.7 kg; average age = 120 ± 8 days) were used to investigate the effect of microbial additives on growth performance, microbial protein synthesis and rumen microbial population of fattening lamb based on completely randomized design. Four treatments were studied: (1) control (without additive; CON); (2) Lactobacillus fermentum and L. plantarum (FP); (3) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) plus FP (SCFP); and (4) Megasphaera elsdenii plus SCFP (MSCFP). Lambs were inoculated before morning feeding (daily oral dosed) with a 50 mL microbial suspension as follows: FP, 50 mL bacterial suspension containing 4.5 × 108 colony-forming unit per day (cfu/d) of L. plantarum and L. fermentum (in ratio 50:50); SCFP, 50 mL microbial suspension containing 4.5 × 108 cfu/d FP and 1.4 × 1010 cfu/d SC; MSCFP, 50 mL microbial suspension containing 4.5 × 108 cfu/d Me, 4.5 × 108 cfu/d FP and 1.4 × 1010 cfu/d SC. Feed intake and body weight of lambs were not affected by microbial additives. Average daily gain and feed efficiency were increased on day 0 to 21. The highest concentration of uric acid, total excreted purine derivatives (PD), microbial N, microbial CP, and metabolizable protein were in MSCFP lambs. The ruminal population of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens was higher in MSCFP and SCFP than CON and FP lambs. The highest and the lowest abundance of M. elsdenii and methanogen respectively was observed in lambs fed on microbial additives. The tendency to improve growth performance vs. CON may be due to improvements in microbial protein synthesis and microbial populations, especially fiber-degrading bacteria. The decrease in the population of methanogens as a result of the use of microbial additives is another positive result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Direkvandi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Tahereh Mohammadabadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Technology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
| | - Abdelfattah Z M Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Edo de México, México
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Liu H, Hu L, Han X, Zhao N, Xu T, Ma L, Wang X, Zhang X, Kang S, Zhao X, Xu S. Tibetan Sheep Adapt to Plant Phenology in Alpine Meadows by Changing Rumen Microbial Community Structure and Function. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:587558. [PMID: 33193243 PMCID: PMC7649133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.587558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen microbiota is strongly associated with host health, nutrient absorption, and adaptability. However, the composition, functioning and adaptability of rumen microbiota in Tibetan sheep (TS) across different phenological periods are unclear. In this study we used sequencing of the V4-V5 region of 16S rRNA, qPCR technology and metagenomics to investigate the adaption of rumen microbiota to forage in different stages of phenology. In a grassy period, due to the high nutritional quality of the forage, TS can produce high concentrations of NH3-N and short fatty acids by increasing the content of key bacteria in the rumen, such as Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Treponema, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens to aid in growth. In the withering period, there was a positive correlation between microorganisms which indicated the closely cooperation between microorganisms, and metagenomic analysis showed that the high genes (GHs and CBMs) and subtribe (GH8, GH12, GH45, GH6, GH9, GH5, GH10, GH3, GH52, GH11, GH57, CBM1, CBM4, CBM6, CBM16, CBM37, CBM13, CBM35, CBM42, CBM32, and CBM62) that encode cellulolytic enzymes were significantly increased when the host faced low quantity and quality of forage. Genes involved in metabolic pathways, fatty acid biosynthesis and biosynthesis of antibiotics were significantly enriched, which indicated that rumen microbiota could improve plant biomass deconstruction and energy maintenance in the face of nutritional deficiencies. In the regreen period, both the composition and function of rumen microbiota had obvious disadvantages, therefore, to improve the competitiveness of microorganisms, we suggest TS should be supplemented with high-protein feed. This study is of great significance for exploring the high altitude adaptability of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjin Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Xueping Han
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Li Ma
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xungang Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengping Kang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
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Effects of Wormwood ( Artemisia montana) Essential Oils on Digestibility, Fermentation Indices, and Microbial Diversity in the Rumen. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101605. [PMID: 33081073 PMCID: PMC7603282 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of essential oil (EO) from three Korean wormwood (Artemisia Montana) plants on in vitro ruminal digestibility, fermentation, and microbial diversity. Dried (0.5 g) soybean meal (SBM) or bermudagrass hay (BGH) were incubated in buffered rumen fluid (40 mL) for 72 h with or without EO (5 mg/kg) from Ganghwa (GA), Injin (IN), or San (SA) wormwood (Experiment 1). Both SA and IN improved (p < 0.05) dry matter digestibility (DMD) of BGH, while GA reduced (p < 0.05) total short-chain fatty acid of BGH and SBM. Besides, SA increased (p < 0.05) numbers of Ruminococcus albus and Streptococcus bovis in SBM. Experiment 2 examined different doses (0, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) of SA, the most promising EO from Experiment 1. Applying SA at 10 mg/kg gave the highest DMD (L; p < 0.01) and neutral detergent fiber (Q; p < 0.05) digestibility for BGH. Applying SA at 1 mg/kg gave the highest R. albus population (Q; p < 0.05) in SBM. Therefore, SA was better than GA and IN at improving rumen fermentation, and the 0.1 to 1 and 10 mg/kg doses improved ruminal fermentation and in vitro digestibility of SBM and BGH, respectively.
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Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Eom JS, Kim HS, Choi YY, Jo SU, Kang SN, Park HY, Kim DH, Lee SS. Effects of the Appropriate Addition of Antioxidants from Pinus densiflora and Mentha canadensis Extracts on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1888. [PMID: 33076543 PMCID: PMC7602798 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the optimal addition of terpene-based Pinus densiflora and Mentha canadensis extracts, with antioxidant and methane reduction effects, as feed supplements to ruminants. Two cannulated steers (450 ± 30 kg), consuming Timothy Hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (at 09:00 and 17:30) at 2% of body weight, with free access to water and a mineral block, were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro fermentation experiments, with Timothy Hay as the substrate, were conducted with P. densiflora and M. canadensis extracts as supplements to achieve concentrations of 30, 50, and 70 mg/L on a Timothy Hay basis. Fibrobacter succinogenes decreased in proportion upon P. densiflora and M. canadensis extract supplementation at 50 mg/L, while the dry matter degradability of the feed was not significantly different (p < 0.05). Methane emission was significantly lower in the 50 and 70 mg/L treatment groups, for both extracts, at 12 h (p < 0.05). Based on methane production and antioxidant activity, our study suggests that 30 mg/L addition is the most appropriate level of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
| | - Ye Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Suk Nam Kang
- Department of Animal Resource, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea;
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea;
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon 36830, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
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Lupinus angustifolius seed meal supplemented to dairy cow diet improves fatty acid composition in milk and mitigates methane production. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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61
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Eom JS, Lee SJ, Lee Y, Kim HS, Choi YY, Kim HS, Kim DH, Lee SS. Effects of supplementation levels of Allium fistulosum L. extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9651. [PMID: 32913673 PMCID: PMC7456525 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminants release the majority of agricultural methane, an important greenhouse gas. Different feeds and additives are used to reduce emissions, but each has its drawbacks. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Allium fistulosum L. (A. fistulosum) extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, and on methane emission. METHODS Rumen fluid was taken from two cannulated rumen Hanwoo cow (with mean initial body weight 450 ± 30 kg, standard deviation = 30). Rumen fluid and McDougall's buffer (1:2; 15 mL) were dispensed anaerobically into 50 mL serum bottles containing 300 mg (DM basis) of timothy substrate and A. fistulosum extracts (based on timothy substrate; 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 9%). This experiment followed a completely randomized design performed in triplicate, using 126 individual serum bottles (six treatments × seven incubation times × three replicates). RESULTS Dry matter degradability was not significantly affected (p-value > 0.05) by any A. fistulosum treatment other than 1% extract at 24 h incubation. Methane emission linearly decreased A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 and 24 h incubation (p-value < 0.0001; p-value = 0.0003, respectively). Acetate concentration linearly decreased (p-value = 0.003) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 h incubation. Methanogenic archaea abundance tendency decreased (p-value = 0.055) in the 1%, 7%, and 9% A. fistulosum extract groups compared to that in the 0% group, and quadratically decreased (p-value < 0.0001) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 24 h incubation. CONCLUSION A. fistulosum extract had no apparent effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics or dry matter degradability. However, it reduced methane emission and methanogenic archaea abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Insitute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Suk Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
- Insitute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
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McLoughlin S, Spillane C, Claffey N, Smith PE, O'Rourke T, Diskin MG, Waters SM. Rumen Microbiome Composition Is Altered in Sheep Divergent in Feed Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1981. [PMID: 32983009 PMCID: PMC7477290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen microbiome composition and functionality is linked to animal feed efficiency, particularly for bovine ruminants. To investigate this in sheep, we compared rumen bacterial and archaeal populations (and predicted metabolic processes) of sheep divergent for the feed efficiency trait feed conversion ratio (FCR). In our study 50 Texel cross Scottish Blackface (TXSB) ram lambs were selected from an original cohort of 200 lambs. From these, 26 were further selected for experimentation based on their extreme FCR (High Feed Efficiency, HFE = 13; Low Feed Efficiency, LFE = 13). Animals were fed a 95% concentrate diet ad libitum over 36 days. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to investigate the rumen bacterial and archaeal communities in the liquid and solid rumen fractions of sheep divergent for FCR. Weighted UniFrac distances separated HFE and LFE archaea communities from the liquid rumen fraction (Permanova, P < 0.05), with greater variation observed for the LFE cohort (Permdisp, P < 0.05). LFE animals exhibited greater Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, which was significant for the liquid rumen fraction (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter olleyae (in liquid and solid fractions) and Methanobrevibacter millerae (liquid fraction) were differentially abundant, and increased in the LFE cohort (P.adj < 0.05), while Methanobrevibacter wolinii (liquid fraction) was increased in the HFE cohort (P.adj < 0.05). This suggests that methanogenic archaea may be responsible for a potential loss of energy for the LFE cohort. Bacterial community composition (Permanova, P > 0.1) and diversity (P > 0.1) was not affected by the FCR phenotype. Only the genus Prevotella 1 was differentially abundant between HFE and LFE cohorts. Although no major compositional shifts of bacterial populations were identified amongst the feed efficient cohorts (FDR > 0.05), correlation analysis identified putative drivers of feed efficiency with Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (liquid, rho = −0.53; solid, rho = −0.56) and Olsenella (solid, rho = −0.40) exhibiting significant negative association with FCR (P < 0.05). Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera showed significant positive correlations with ADG. Major cellulolytic bacteria Fibrobacter (liquid, rho = 0.43) and Ruminococcus 1 (liquid, rho = 0.41; solid, rho = 41) correlated positively with FCR (P < 0.05). Our study provides evidence that feed efficiency in sheep is likely influenced by compositional changes to the archaeal community, and abundance changes of specific bacteria, rather than major overall shifts within the rumen microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven McLoughlin
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland.,Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Charles Spillane
- Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Noel Claffey
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Paul E Smith
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Tommy O'Rourke
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Michael G Diskin
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Athenry, Ireland.,Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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63
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Feizi LK, Zad SS, Jalali SAH, Rafiee H, Jazi MB, Sadeghi K, Kowsar R. Fermented soybean meal affects the ruminal fermentation and the abundance of selected bacterial species in Holstein calves: a multilevel analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12062. [PMID: 32694544 PMCID: PMC7374609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of soybean meal (SBM) replacement with fermented SBM (FSBM) on ruminal fermentation and bacterial abundance in Holstein calves was investigated in this study. Thirty nine calves were randomized to: (1) control: 27% SBM + 0% FSBM (FSBM0, n = 13); (2) 18% SBM + 9% FSBM (FSBM9, n = 13); and (3) 13.5% SBM + 13.5% FSBM (FSBM13, n = 13). SBM contained a greater amount of large peptides containing 3 to 10 amino acids (AAs), while FSBM had a greater amount of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), free AAs, and small peptides containing 2 to 3 AAs. The calves fed FSBM13 had the lowest acetic acid, NH3-N, and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with the greatest concentration of caproic acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid in ruminal fluid. Compared to those fed FSBM9 or FSBM13, the calves fed FSBM0 had the greatest proportion of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminococcus albus in rumen fluid. However, the ruminal abundance of Prevotella ruminicola in calves fed FSBM13 was greater than in calves fed FSBM0. Network analysis showed that the abundance of the Ruminococcus albus was associated with large peptides, and butyric acid was correlated with small peptide. Taken together, our findings suggest that FSBM may have the potential to boost calf performance by changing the fermentation products and the relative abundance of some members of the bacterial community in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kaviani Feizi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sabihe Soleymanian Zad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, 10 Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Hossein Jalali
- Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, 10 Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hassan Rafiee
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoud Boroumand Jazi
- Animal Science Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, 81846-35745, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Khaled Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Kowsar
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
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64
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Holman DB, Gzyl KE. A meta-analysis of the bovine gastrointestinal tract microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5497297. [PMID: 31116403 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota has important influences on animal health and production. Presently, a large number of studies have used high-throughput sequencing of the archaeal and bacteria 16S rRNA gene to characterize these microbiota under various experimental parameters. By aggregating publically available archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene datasets from 52 studies we were able to determine taxa that are common to nearly all microbiota samples from the bovine GI tract as well as taxa that are strongly linked to either the rumen or feces. The methanogenic genera Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera were identified in nearly all fecal and rumen samples (> 99.1%), as were the bacterial genera Prevotella and Ruminococcus (≥ 92.9%). Bacterial genera such as Alistipes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium and Escherichia/Shigella were associated with feces and Fibrobacter, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Succiniclasticum with the rumen. As expected, individual study strongly affected the bacterial community structure, however, fecal and rumen samples did appear separated from each other. This meta-analysis provides the first comparison of high-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene datasets generated from the bovine GI tract by multiple studies and may serve as a foundation for improving future microbial community research with cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin B Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada, T4L 1W1
| | - Katherine E Gzyl
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada, T4L 1W1
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65
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Ahmad AA, Yang C, Zhang J, Kalwar Q, Liang Z, Li C, Du M, Yan P, Long R, Han J, Ding X. Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Diversity, and Feed Efficiency of Yaks ( Bos grunniens). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:625. [PMID: 32670204 PMCID: PMC7326093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial community of the yak (Bos grunniens) rumen plays an important role in surviving the harsh Tibetan environment where seasonal dynamic changes in pasture cause nutrient supply imbalances, resulting in weight loss in yaks during the cold season. A better understanding of rumen microbiota under different feeding regimes is critical for exploiting the microbiota to enhance feed efficiency and growth performance. This study explored the impact of different dietary energy levels on feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, bacterial community, and abundance of volatile fatty acid (VFA) transporter transcripts in the rumen epithelium of yaks. Fifteen healthy castrated male yaks were divided into three groups and fed with low (YL), medium (YM), and high energy (YH) levels diet having different NEg of 5.5, 6.2, and 6.9 MJ/kg, respectively. The increase in feed efficiency was recorded with an increase in dietary energy levels. The increase in dietary energy levels decreased the pH and increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate in yak rumens. The increase in the mRNA abundance of VFA transporter genes (MCT1, DRA, PAT1, and AE2) in the rumen epithelium of yaks was recorded as dietary energy level increased. High relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were recorded with the increase in dietary energy levels. Significant population shifts at the genus level were recorded among the three treatments. This study provides new insights into the dietary energy-derived variations in rumen microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Ali Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qudratullah Kalwar
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mei Du
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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66
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Cassiano ECO, Junior FP, Barros TA, Marino CT, Pacheco RDL, Ferreira FA, Millen DD, Martins MF, Pugine SMP, de Melo MP, Beauchemin KA, Meyer PM, Arrigoni MDB, Rodrigues PHM. Evaluation of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum in cattle adapted or not adapted to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:74-84. [PMID: 32299173 PMCID: PMC7888501 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Feed additives that modify rumen fermentation can be used to prevent metabolic disturbances such as acidosis and optimize beef cattle production. The study evaluated the effects of liquid and powdered forms of polyclonal antibody preparation (PAP) against Streptococcus bovis and Fusobacterium necrophorum on rumen fermentation parameters in ruminally cannulated non-lactating dairy cows that were adapted or unadapted to a high concentrate diet. Methods A double 3×3 Latin square design was used with three PAP treatments (control, powdered, and liquid PAP) and two adaptation protocols (adapted, unadapted; applied to the square). Adapted animals were transitioned for 2 weeks from an all-forage to an 80% concentrate diet, while unadapted animals were switched abruptly. Results Interactions between sampling time and adaptation were observed; 12 h after feeding, the adapted group had lower ruminal pH and greater total short chain fatty acid concentrations than the unadapted group, while the opposite was observed after 24 h. Acetate:propionate ratio, molar proportion of butyrate and ammonia nitrogen concentration were generally greater in adapted than unadapted cattle up to 36 h after feeding. Adaptation promoted 3.5 times the number of Entodinium protozoa but copy numbers of Streptococcus bovis and Fibrobacter succinogens genes in rumen fluid were not affected. However, neither liquid nor powdered forms of PAP altered rumen acidosis variables in adapted or unadapted animals. Conclusion Adaptation of cattle to highly fermentable carbohydrate diets promoted a more stable ruminal environment, but PAP was not effective in this study in which no animal experienced acute or sub-acute rumen acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavio Perna Junior
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Tarley Araújo Barros
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Altieri Ferreira
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Danilo Domingues Millen
- Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena, São Paulo 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Furlan Martins
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Silvana Marina Piccoli Pugine
- Department of Basic Sciences (ZAB), Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Mariza Pires de Melo
- Department of Basic Sciences (ZAB), Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA-USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Karen Ann Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Paula Marques Meyer
- Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13630-095, Brazil
| | - Mario de Beni Arrigoni
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil
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67
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Influence of spray-dried rumen fluid supplementation on performance, blood metabolites and cytokines in suckling Holstein calves. Animal 2020; 14:1849-1856. [PMID: 32228743 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rumen fluid from slaughtered animals is one of the wastes of slaughterhouses released to the environment that, due to its high nitrogen and phosphorus contents, can lead to soil and groundwater pollution. Meanwhile, it contains ruminal microbes and some bioactive compounds such as enzymes, minerals, vitamins and organic acids. This study was designed to examine the potential of rumen fluid as a feed additive. Therefore, the effects of spray-dried rumen fluid (SDR) with 1% maltodextrin on the performance, blood metabolites and some cytokines of sucking dairy calves during the pre-weaning phase were investigated. Forty male Holstein calves, with a mean weight of 39.4 ± 3.7 kg and 7 ± 1 days old, were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10 calves per group) in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments were: control diet with no additive (CON); control diet with 0.5 g/day of SDR (SDR0.5); control diet with 1 g/day of SDR (SDR1); and control diet with 1.5 g/day of SDR (SDR1.5). Daily feed intake and average daily gain of calves were not affected by feeding SDR as a feed additive. Cholesterol concentration was significantly affected by the 20th and 40th days of the experiment and decreased linearly by increasing SDR feeding level. Levels of liver enzymes, including aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, in the blood decreased by feeding SDR at day 40 of the experiment. Serum concentration of interleukin-6 at day 20 was not affected by dried rumen fluid feeding, whereas at day 40, a significant effect was observed among experimental treatments. The lowest value was recorded for SDR1.5 v. control calves. At day 20, the serum concentration of interferon-γ was influenced by supplementing SDR, and the highest value was recorded for SDR1.5 calves. The inclusion of SDR with 1% maltodextrin in suckling dairy calves had beneficial effects on the stimulation of calves' immune system.
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68
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Zhang XM, Wang M, Yu Q, Ma ZY, Beauchemin KA, Wang R, Wen JN, Lukuyu BA, Tan ZL. Liquid hot water treatment of rice straw enhances anaerobic degradation and inhibits methane production during in vitro ruminal fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4252-4261. [PMID: 32147261 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Liquid hot water (LHW) treatment can be used to disrupt the fiber structure of rice straw. This in vitro ruminal batch culture study investigated the effect of LHW treatment on feed degradation, methane (CH4) production, and microbial populations. Rice straw was treated by LHW, and in vitro ruminal fermentation was performed using an automatic system with 72 h of incubation. Scanning electron microscopy showed that LHW treatment disrupted the physical structure of rice straw. Liquid hot water treatment decreased neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose contents of the rice straw and increased neutral detergent solubles, water-soluble carbohydrates, and arabinose contents. Liquid hot water treatment increased dry matter degradation and volatile fatty acid concentration and decreased the acetate:propionate ratio, CH4 production, hydrogen accumulation, neutral detergent fiber degradation, and populations of protozoa, fungi, and cellulolytic bacteria. In summary, LHW treatment disrupted the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin structure matrix of rice straw, leading to increased substrate degradability and decreased CH4 production. Therefore, the LHW treatment is a potential strategy to improve the nutritive value of forage such as rice straw and decrease the CH4 emissions in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Zhi Yuan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Jiang Nan Wen
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Bernard A Lukuyu
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Zhi Liang Tan
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, South Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China; Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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69
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Quan J, Wu Z, Ye Y, Peng L, Wu J, Ruan D, Qiu Y, Ding R, Wang X, Zheng E, Cai G, Huang W, Yang J. Metagenomic Characterization of Intestinal Regions in Pigs With Contrasting Feed Efficiency. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:32. [PMID: 32038603 PMCID: PMC6989599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Greater feed efficiency (FE) is critical in increasing profitability while reducing the environmental impact of pig production. Previous studies that identified swine FE-associated bacterial taxa were limited in either sampling sites or sequencing methods. This study characterized the microbiomes within the intestine of FE contrasting Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) (DLY) pigs with a comprehensive representation of diverse sampling sites (ileum, cecum, and colon) and a metagenomic sequencing approach. A total of 226 pigs were ranked according to their FE between weaning to 140 day old, and six with extreme phenotypes were selected, three for each of the high and low groups. The results revealed that the cecum and colon had similar microbial taxonomic composition and function, and had higher capacity in polysaccharide metabolism than the ileum. We found in cecum that the high FE pigs had slightly higher richness and evenness in their micriobiota than the low FE pigs. We identified 12 phyla, 17 genera, and 39 species (e.g., Treponema porcinum, Treponema bryantii, and Firmicutes bacterium CAG:110) that were potentially associated with swine FE variation in cecum microbiota through LEfSe analysis. Species enriched in the cecum of the high FE pigs had a greater ability to utilize dietary polysaccharides and dietary protein according to the KEGG annotation. Analysis of antibiotic resistance based on the CARD database annotation indicated that the macB resistant gene might play an important role in shaping the microbial community in the cecum of pigs with contrasting FE. The bacteria from the genus Prevotella was highly enriched in the cecum of low FE pigs, which may impair the establishment of a more effective nutrient harvesting microbiota because of the interaction between Prevotella and other benefical microbes. These findings improved our understanding of the microbial compositions in the different gut locations of DLY pigs and identified many biomarkers associated with FE variation wich may be used to develop strategies to improve FE in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Quan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Ye
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longlong Peng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donglin Ruan
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Qiu
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Ding
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingwang Wang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enqin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gengyuan Cai
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Shi F, Guo N, Degen A, Niu J, Wei H, Jing X, Ding L, Shang Z, Long R. Effects of level of feed intake and season on digestibility of dietary components, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiota in yaks. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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71
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Teklebrhan T, Wang R, Wang M, Wen JN, Tan LW, Zhang XM, Ma ZY, Tan ZL. Effect of dietary corn gluten inclusion on rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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72
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Ala MS, Pirmohammadi R, Khalilvandi-Behroozyar H, Anassori E. Potential of walnut (Juglans regia) leave ethanolic extract to modify ruminal fermentation, microbial populations and mitigate methane emission. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an19241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Series of in vitro trials were conducted to evaluate dose–response effects of walnut leaf ethanolic extract (WLEE) on ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, mitigation of methane emission and acidosis prevention. The treatments were conducted according to a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design formulated to contain corn (corn-based diet, CBD) and barley grain (barley-based diet, BBD), or equal amounts of barley and corn (barley and corn diet, BCD), consisting of either basal diets alone (0) or basal diets with 250, 500, 750 or 1000 µL of WLEE (W0, W250, W500, W750 and W1000 respectively) per litre of buffered rumen fluid. Three fistulated cows fed diets containing alfalfa hay and concentrate mixes (same as the control diet) plus minerals and vitamins were used for collection of ruminal fluid. The asymptote of gas production and methane emission was decreased and lag time increased in a linear and quadratic manner with an increasing dose of WLEE (P < 0.001). However, gas production rate reduced linearly as WLEE dose increased (P < 0.001). Methane production was significantly reduced linearly (L) and quadratically (Q) when walnut ethanolic extract was increased from 250 to 1000 μL/L (L and Q; P < 0.001). The addition of WLEE significantly altered the volatile fatty acid profile in comparison to control, reducing the molar proportion of acetate and increasing that of propionate (P < 0.001), and also decreased the ammonia-N concentration (L, P < 0.001). Dry-matter and organic-matter in vitro digestibility coefficients were negatively affected by WLEE supplementation (L and Q; P < 0.001). Although anti-acidosis potential of WLEE was significantly lower than that of monensin, W1000 increased medium culture pH compared with uncontrolled acidosis and the lower doses of WLEE. The populations of Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and R. albus were significantly reduced by WLEE, although to different magnitudes, depending on the corn and barley grain proportions in the diet. Results of the present study indicated that increasing addition levels of WLEE have noticeable effects on rumen microbial population and fermentation characteristics. It can be concluded that WLEE can potentially be used to manipulate ruminal fermentation patterns.
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Effects of different sources of nitrogen on performance, relative population of rumen microorganisms, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters in male feedlotting lambs. Animal 2019; 14:1438-1446. [PMID: 31854286 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111900291x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-release urea (SRU) can substitute dietary protein sources in the diet of feedlotting ruminant species . However, different SRU structures show varying results of productive performance. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different sources of nitrogen on performance, blood parameter, ruminal fermentation and relative population of rumen microorganisms in male Mehraban lambs. Thirty-five male lambs with an average initial BW of 34.7 ± 1.8 kg were assigned randomly to five treatments. Diets consisted of concentrate mixture and mineral and vitamin supplements plus (1) alfalfa and soybean meal, (2) wheat straw and soybean meal, (3) wheat straw and urea, (4) wheat straw and Optigen® (a commercial SRU supplement) and (5) wheat straw and SRU produced in the laboratory. No statistical difference was observed in animal performance and DM intake among treatments. The mean value of ruminal pH and ammonia was higher (P < 0.05) for the SRU diet compared with WU diet. The difference in pH is likely to be due to the higher ammonia level as VFAs concentrations were unchanged. The level of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was different among treatments (P = 0.065). The highest concentration of BUN was recorded in Optigen diet (183.1 mg/l), whereas the lowest value was recorded in wheat straw-soybean meal diet (147 mg/l). The amount of albumin and total protein was not affected by the treatments. The relative population of total protozoa, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Ruminococcus albus in the SRU treatment was higher (P < 0.01) than that in urea treatment at 3 h post-feeding. During the period of lack of high-quality forage and in order to reduce dietary costs, low-quality forage with urea sources can be used in the diet. Results of microbial populations revealed that SRU can be used as a nitrogen source which can sustainably provide nitrogen for rumen microorganism without negative effects on the performance of feedlotting lambs.
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74
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Guo G, Shen C, Liu Q, Zhang S, Wang C, Chen L, Xu Q, Wang Y, Huo W. Fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of first and second cut alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silages harvested at three stages of maturity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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75
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Izuddin WI, Loh TC, Samsudin AA, Foo HL, Humam AM, Shazali N. Effects of postbiotic supplementation on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and microbial profile, blood metabolite and GHR, IGF-1 and MCT-1 gene expression in post-weaning lambs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:315. [PMID: 31477098 PMCID: PMC6719353 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postbiotics have been established as potential feed additive to be used in monogastric such as poultry and swine to enhance health and growth performance. However, information on the postbiotics as feed additive in ruminants is very limited. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of supplementation of postbiotics in newly-weaned lambs on growth performance, digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population, blood metabolite and expression of genes related to growth and volatile fatty acid transport across the rumen epithelium. Results Postbiotic supplementation increased weight gain, feed intake, nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility of the lambs. No effect on ruminal pH and total VFA, whereas butyrate and ruminal ammonia-N concentration were improved. The lambs fed with postbiotics had higher blood total protein, urea nitrogen and glucose. However, no difference was observed in blood triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Postbiotics increased the population of fibre degrading bacteria but decreased total protozoa and methanogens in rumen. Postbiotics increased the mRNA expression of hepatic IGF-1 and ruminal MCT-1. Conclusions The inclusion of postbiotics from L. plantarum RG14 in newly-weaned lambs improved growth performance, nutrient intake and nutrient digestibility reflected from better rumen fermentation and microbial parameters, blood metabolites and upregulation of growth and nutrient intake genes in the post-weaning lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ibrahim Izuddin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ali Merzza Humam
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nurhazirah Shazali
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sousa D, Velasquez A, Oliveira C, Souza J, Nadeau E, Silva L. Effect of sugarcane genotype and maturity stage at harvest on feed intake and ruminal parameters of growing steers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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77
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Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Biswas AA, Yu Z, Cho KK, Kim SB, Lee K, Lee SS. Rumen fermentation and microbial community composition influenced by live Enterococcus faecium supplementation. AMB Express 2019; 9:123. [PMID: 31363877 PMCID: PMC6667549 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of appropriate probiotics can improve the health and productivity of ruminants while mitigating environmental methane production. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effects of Enterococcus faecium SROD on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and microbial population structure. Ruminal samples were collected from ruminally cannulated Holstein–Friesian cattle, and 40:60 rice straw to concentrate ratio was used as substrate. Fresh culture of E. faecium SROD at different inclusion rates (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) were investigated using in vitro rumen fermentation system. Addition of E. faecium SROD had a significant effect on total gas production with the greatest effect observed with 0.1% supplementation; however, there was no significant influence on pH. Supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest propionate (P = 0.005) but the lowest methane concentration (P = 0.001). In addition, acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations in treatments were comparatively higher than control. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the predominance of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, Prevotella (15–17%) and Methanobrevibacter (96%) dominated the bacterial and archaeal communities of the in vitro rumen fermenta, respectively. Supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest quantities of total bacteria and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, whereas 1.0% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest contents of total fungi and Fibrobacter succinogenes. Overall, supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD significantly increased the propionate and total volatile fatty acids concentrations but decreased the methane concentration while changing the microbial community abundance and composition.
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78
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Yejun L, Su Kyoung L, Shin Ja L, Jong-Su E, Sung Sill L. Effects of Lonicera japonica extract supplementation on in vitro ruminal fermentation, methane emission, and microbial population. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1170-1176. [PMID: 31321858 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica (LJ; honeysuckle) is used in traditional folk medicine in Korea and is a rich source of ascorbic acid and phenolic components that are reported to have antioxidant and antibiotic properties. We performed an in vitro experiment to assess the effects of LJ extracts (LJE) on ruminal fermentation. Timothy hay (0.3 g dry matter [DM]) was incubated with buffer, ruminal fluid, and 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% LJE. Batch culture fermentation was conducted separately for 12, 24, and 48 hr to determine gas production (GP), ruminal fermentation characteristics, and microbial population characteristics. The effects on GP were generally similar to those on DM degradability, with a linear decrease observed at 9% extract at 24 hr. NH3 -N showed a linear increase with increasing extract concentrations at 12 hr, whereas a decrease was observed at 24 hr. Extract supplementation decreased methane (CH4 ) production at 12, 24, and 48 hr. In addition, the abundance of fibrolytic bacteria and ciliate-associated methanogen was reduced at all concentrations of extracts. These results indicate that LJE have the potential to serve as a ruminal fermentation modifier to suppress CH4 production with minimal effects on nutrient digestion in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yejun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Lee Su Kyoung
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Lee Shin Ja
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun Jong-Su
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Korea
| | - Lee Sung Sill
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.,Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Sheikh GG, Ganai AM, Ahmad Sheikh A, Mir DM. Rumen microflora, fermentation pattern and microbial enzyme activity in sheep fed paddy straw based complete feed fortified with probiotics. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1644019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gowher Gull Sheikh
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdul Majid Ganai
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aasif Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Danish Masood Mir
- Division of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Behan AA, Loh TC, Fakurazi S, Kaka U, Kaka A, Samsudin AA. Effects of Supplementation of Rumen Protected Fats on Rumen Ecology and Digestibility of Nutrients in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070400. [PMID: 31262072 PMCID: PMC6681056 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rising populations and urbanization are transforming into increased demand for livestock products, particularly in developing countries. The world will need more meat and more milk and in order to meet these demands, huge quantities of feed resources will be required. However, there is a substantial deficit of energy feeds affecting the growth and production of animals. The common method to increase energy value of ruminant diets is to provide them with fats. However, higher level of fats in the diet could prove toxic to rumen microbes and affect fibre digestibility, which ultimately results in reducing the feed intake and lowering animal production. These negative effects of fat supplementation can easily be overcome by feeding ruminants with specifically designed fats called rumen protected fats. In order to evaluate the efficacy of rumen protected fats (RPF), three different types of protected fats were examined in sheep. The results suggested that different types of protected fats have no unfavourable influences on the ruminal fermentation and productive parameters. Therefore, prilled fat, prilled fat with lecithin and calcium soaps did not improve animal performance as compared to the diet without protected fats in Dorper sheep. Abstract Rumen protected fats (RPF) are known to improve animal performance without affecting rumen metabolism in sheep. However, comparative effects of prilled fat, prilled fat with lecithin and calcium soap have not been fully studied. Hence this experiment was planned using 36 male Dorper sheep in a completely randomized design in four treatment groups. The diets included: Basal diet (70:30 concentrate to rice straw) with no added RPF as a control (CON), basal diet plus prilled fat (PF), basal diet plus prilled fat with lecithin (PFL) and basal diet plus calcium soap (CaS). The trial lasted 90 days following two weeks adaptation period. The body weights, average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were not affected by treatments. The intake and digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were not affected, while those for ether extract and crude fibre differed (p < 0.05). RPF had no effect on concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, total volatile fatty acids and total bacterial population. The concentrations of rumen total saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, total n − 3, total n − 6, unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids differed (p < 0.05) among the treatments with RPF supplementation. Hence supplementation of different types of protected fats did not influence animal performance in Dorper sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atique A Behan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Livestock Management, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ubedullah Kaka
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Bachok, 16300, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Asmatullah Kaka
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Anjas Asmara Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Abbasi IHR, Abbasi F, Liu L, Bodinga BM, Abdel-Latif MA, Swelum AA, Mohamed MAE, Cao Y. Rumen-protected methionine a feed supplement to low dietary protein: effects on microbial population, gases production and fermentation characteristics. AMB Express 2019; 9:93. [PMID: 31243611 PMCID: PMC6595026 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of different concentration of rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) with a low level of crude protein (CP) using rumen simulation technology on many parameters. The experiment was assigned randomly into four treatments: (1) high protein diet (163.39 g/kg CP) without RPMet (HP); (2) low protein diet (146.33 g/kg CP) without RPMet (LP); (3) low protein diet, supplement with low RPMet (RPMet: 0.11 g/kg) (LPLMet); and (4) low protein diet, supplement with high RPMet (RPMet: 0.81 g/kg) (LPHMet), mixed with 20 g basal diet in each fermenter. Based on National Research Council (NRC) (Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2001) recommendation for dairy ruminants HP diet was formulated as positive normal control and LP as a negative control. Results demonstrated that CP disappearance was found significantly higher (P < 0.05) in supplement groups compared with HP and found similar (P > 0.05) with LP. However, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and gross energy (GE) were found a parallel among supplement groups compared to HP and higher than LP. Furthermore, microbial crude protein, total and short chain fatty acids were found similar in LPHMet and HP and found significantly higher than LPLMet and LP. The R. albus population of LPHMet found parallel to HP and pointedly higher than LP in a solid and liquid fraction. Daily production of ammonia nitrogen, total gas, and methane were higher in HP than LP, LPLMet, and LPHMet. Overall, results concluded that values of digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial crude protein, and R. albus population were similar of LPHMet to that of HP group. However, production of ammonia-N, total gas, and methane volume were significantly higher in the HP group than LPLMet, LPHMet, and LP groups. In conclusion, rumen-protected methionine is a good feed supplement to low dietary protein in the level of 0.81 g/kg.
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Lee SJ, Jeong JS, Shin NH, Lee SK, Kim HS, Eom JS, Lee SS. Impact of Ecklonia stolonifera extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis, and microbial populations. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1864-1872. [PMID: 31208173 PMCID: PMC6819679 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (E. stolonifera) extract addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis and microbial populations. Methods One cannulated Holstein cow (450±30 kg) consuming timothy hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) at 2% of body weight with free access to water and mineral block were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro fermentation experiment, with timothy hay as substrate, was conducted for up to 72 h, with E. stolonifera extract added to achieve final concentration 1%, 3%, and 5% on timothy hay basis. Results Administration of E. stolonifera extract to a ruminant fluid-artificial saliva mixture in vitro increased the total gas production. Unexpectedly, E. stolonifera extracts appeared to increase both methane emissions and hydrogen production, which is contrasts with previous observations with brown algae extracts used under in vitro fermentation conditions. Interestingly, real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that as compared with the untreated control the ciliate-associated methanogen and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations decreased, whereas the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population increased as a result of E. stolonifera extract supplementation. Conclusion E. stolonifera showed no detrimental effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population. Through these results E. stolonifera has potential as a viable feed supplement to ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Jeong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Nyeon Hak Shin
- Livestock Experiment Station, Gyeongsangnamdo Livestock Promotion Research Institute, Sancheong 52733, Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.,Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus) and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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83
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Zhou R, Wu J, Zhang L, Liu L, Casper DP, Jiao T, Liu T, Wang J, Lang X, Song S, Gong X. Effects of oregano essential oil on the ruminal pH and microbial population of sheep. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217054. [PMID: 31107883 PMCID: PMC6527227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oregano essential oil (OEO), which has antimicrobial properties, may be used for altering the ruminal pH and microbial populations of sheep, as observed by the altered volatile fatty acid patterns. To further elucidate the effects of OEO on ruminal pH and microbial populations of sheep, 3 German merino sheep × local sheep crossbred rams with permanent ruminal fistulas were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with 12-d periods. The treatments were as follows: control (CON); OEO4: OEO supplied at 4 g•d-1; and OEO7: OEO supplied at 7 g•d-1. Starting on day 11, rumen fluid was collected at 0 h, and at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after supplying OEO, and then pH values of rumen fluid were immediately measured. The abundance of microbial populations was determined by using qPCR. The ruminal pH values were similar among the sheep from all treatments. The abundance of ruminal fungi was higher for the sheep supplied OEO7 compared with the sheep supplied CON and OEO4, especially at 4 and 12 h. The abundance of ruminal protozoa decreased with supplied OEO, indicating that OEO could inhibit the protozoa. The abundance of the total ruminal bacteria was similar for the sheep from all treatments, but R. flavefaciens, R. albus and F. succinogenes increased in the sheep supplied OEO4 compared with those in the sheep supplied CON, however, the sheep supplied OEO7 had higher abundances of R. flavefaciens than the sheep supplied CON. These results demonstrated that supplying OEO to sheep did not affect the ruminal pH but could shift the rumen microbial population to one with less protozoa. Supplying OEO can preferentially enhance the growth of certain rumen microbial populations, but the shifts were influenced by the supply rate. Therefore, supplying low amount (i.e. 4 g•d-1) of OEO could have positive effects on ruminal microbial populations, whereas supplying elevated doses of OEO could be detrimental to those same ruminal microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lishan Liu
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - David P. Casper
- Furst-McNess Company, Freeport, IL, United States of America
| | - Ting Jiao
- College of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Lang
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Song
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuyin Gong
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
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Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Sub-Acute Ruminal Acidosis in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050232. [PMID: 31083622 PMCID: PMC6562385 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study evaluated the functional activity of rumen microbiota during sub-acute ruminal acidosis, a metabolic disease of ruminants characterized by low pH caused by feeding highly fermentable carbohydrate feeds. The abundance of rumen bacteria that degrade cellulose (Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and R. bicirculans) were reduced by induced acidotic challenge. Genes mapped to carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, vitamin and co-factor metabolism pathways, and bacterial biofilm formation pathways were enriched in beef cattle challenged with sub-acute acidosis. This study enhances our understanding of the response of rumen microbiota to sub-acute ruminal acidosis by revealing transcriptionally active taxa and metabolic pathways of rumen microbiota. Abstract Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a metabolic disease of ruminants characterized by low pH, with significant impacts on rumen microbial activity, and animal productivity and health. Microbial changes during subacute ruminal acidosis have previously been analyzed using quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing, which do not reveal the actual activity of the rumen microbial population. Here, we report the functional activity of the rumen microbiota during subacute ruminal acidosis. Eight rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned randomly to acidosis-inducing or control diet. Rumen fluid samples were taken at 0, 3, 6, and 9 h relative to feeding from both treatments on the challenge day. A metatranscriptome library was prepared from RNA extracted from the samples and the sequencing of the metatranscriptome library was performed on Illumina HiSeq4000 following a 2 × 150 bp index run. Cellulolytic ruminal bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and R. bicirculans were reduced by an induced acidotic challenge. Up to 68 functional genes were differentially expressed between the two treatments. Genes mapped to carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, vitamin and co-factor metabolism pathways, and bacterial biofilm formation pathways were enriched in beef cattle challenged with sub-acute acidosis. This study reveals transcriptionally active taxa and metabolic pathways of rumen microbiota during induced acidotic challenge.
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85
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Wang J, Lang T, Shen J, Dai J, Tian L, Wang X. Core Gut Bacteria Analysis of Healthy Mice. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:887. [PMID: 31105675 PMCID: PMC6491893 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that there existed great individual variations of gut microbiota in mice, and the gut bacteria of mice were changed with the occurrence and development of diseases. To identify the core gut bacteria in healthy mice and explore their relationships with the host phenotypes would help to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we identified 37 genus-level core bacteria from feces of 101 healthy mice with different ages, sexes, and mouse strains in three previous studies. They collectively represented nearly half of the total sequences, and predominantly included carbohydrate- and amino acids-metabolizing bacteria and immunomodulatory bacteria. Among them, Anaerostipes indwelt the gut of all healthy mice. Co-abundance analysis showed that these core genera were clustered into five groups (Group C1–C5), which were ecologically related. For example, the abundances of Group C2 including probiotics Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus slightly positively correlated with those of Group C1. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate analysis of variance test revealed that these core gut genera were distinguished with age and sex, and also associated with their health/disease state. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) method showed that bacteria in Group C1 and C2/C3 increased with the age in infancy and early adulthood, and were more abundant in female mice than in male ones. The metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by high fat diet (HFD) and accelerated postnatal growth would decrease Group C2 genera, whereas probiotics intervention would reverse HFD-induced reduction of Group C2. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the principal components based on the abundance of the 37 core genera were significantly correlated with host characteristic parameters of MS. These results demonstrated that the 37 core genera in five co-abundance groups from healthy mice were related to host phenotypes. It was indicated that these prevalent gut bacterial genera could be representative of the healthy gut microbiome in gnotobiotic animal models, and might also be candidates of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingpeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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86
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Yamano H, Ichimura Y, Sawabe Y, Koike S, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y. Seasonal differences in rumen bacterial flora of wild Hokkaido sika deer and partial characterization of an unknown bacterial group possibly involved in fiber digestion in winter. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:790-798. [PMID: 30983093 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rumen digesta was obtained from wild Hokkaido sika deer to compare bacterial flora between summer and winter. Bacterial flora was characterized with molecular-based approaches and enrichment cultivation. Bacteroidetes was shown as a major phylum followed by Firmicutes, with similar proportions in both seasons. However, two phylogenetically unique groups in Bacteroidetes were found in each season: unknown group A in winter and unknown group B in summer. The ruminal abundance of unknown group A was the highest followed by Ruminococcus flavefaciens in winter. Moreover, the abundance of these two was higher in winter than in summer. In contrast, the abundance of unknown group B was higher in summer than in winter. In addition, this group showed the highest abundance in summer among the bacteria quantified. Unknown group A was successfully enriched by cultivating with oak bark and sterilized rumen fluid, particularly that from deer. Bacteria of this group were distributed in association with the solid rather than the liquid rumen fraction, and were detected as small cocci. Accordingly, unknown group A is assumed to be involved in degradation of fibrous materials. These results suggest that wild Hokkaido sika deer develop a rumen bacterial flora in response to changes in dietary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehisa Yamano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ichimura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sawabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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87
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Vasta V, Daghio M, Cappucci A, Buccioni A, Serra A, Viti C, Mele M. Invited review: Plant polyphenols and rumen microbiota responsible for fatty acid biohydrogenation, fiber digestion, and methane emission: Experimental evidence and methodological approaches. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:3781-3804. [PMID: 30904293 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The interest of the scientific community in the effects of plant polyphenols on animal nutrition is increasing. These compounds, in fact, are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, especially in some spontaneous plants exploited as feeding resources alternative to cultivated crops and in several agro-industry by-products. Polyphenols interact with rumen microbiota, affecting carbohydrate fermentation, protein degradation, and lipid metabolism. Some of these aspects have been largely reviewed, especially for tannins; however, less information is available about the direct effect of polyphenols on the composition of rumen microbiota. In the present paper, we review the most recent literature about the effect of plant polyphenols on rumen microbiota responsible for unsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation, fiber digestion, and methane production, taking into consideration the advances in microbiota analysis achieved in the last 10 yr. Key aspects, such as sample collection, sample storage, DNA extraction, and the main phylogenetic markers used in the reconstruction of microbial community structure, are examined. Furthermore, a summary of the new high-throughput methods based on next generation sequencing is reviewed. Several effects can be associated with dietary polyphenols. Polyphenols are able to depress or modulate the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by a perturbation of ruminal microbiota composition. In particular, condensed tannins have an inhibitory effect on biohydrogenation, whereas hydrolyzable tannins seem to have a modulatory effect on biohydrogenation. With regard to fiber digestion, data from literature are quite consistent about a general depressive effect of polyphenols on gram-positive fibrolytic bacteria and ciliate protozoa, resulting in a reduction of volatile fatty acid production (mostly acetate molar production). Methane production is also usually reduced when tannins are included in the diet of ruminants, probably as a consequence of the inhibition of fiber digestion. However, some evidence suggests that hydrolyzable tannins may reduce methane emission by directly interacting with rumen microbiota without affecting fiber digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vasta
- Food Scientist, viale delle Alpi 40, 90144, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Daghio
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-Alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - A Cappucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Buccioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-Alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - A Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Viti
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agro-Alimentari e dell'Ambiente, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
| | - M Mele
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Centro di Ricerche Agro-ambientali "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, Via Vecchia di Masrina, 6, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
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88
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Effects of yeast culture supplementation and the ratio of non-structural carbohydrate to fat on rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial-community composition in sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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89
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Yanza YR, Szumacher-Strabel M, Bryszak M, Gao M, Kolodziejski P, Stochmal A, Slusarczyk S, Patra AK, Cieslak A. Coleus amboinicus (Lour.) leaves as a modulator of ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation in vitro. J Anim Sci 2019; 96:4868-4881. [PMID: 30085144 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Active plant metabolites (APM) are recognized as modifiers of ruminal microbial fermentation including methanogenesis and biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FA). Coleus amboinicus Lour. leaves (CAL) are rich in several APM, which could serve as ruminal fermentation modulators. A phytochemical analysis showed that CAL contain phenolic acids (10.4 mg·g-1 dry matter [DM]; high in rosmarinic acid), flavonoids (2.6 mg·g-1 DM), diterpenes (2 mg·g-1 DM), and linolenic acid (35.4 g (100 g)-1 FA). This study aimed to investigate the effect of CAL on ruminal methanogenesis and biohydrogenation as well as basic fermentation characteristics and microbial populations. The in vitro experiment was carried out using Hohenheim gas test system with 40 mL of buffered ruminal fluid incubated for 24 h at 39 °C in anaerobic conditions. Approximately 400 mg (DM basis) of total mixed ration (TMR) was used as a control substrate and the CAL substrate was used at doses of 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg DM replacing equal amounts of TMR. Addition of CAL decreased methane production up to 30% linearly as the amount of CAL increased (P < 0.05). In vitro dry matter digestibility and ammonia tended to increase with increasing doses of CAL. Concentration of total volatile fatty acids was not affected by the CAL although there appeared to be a minor positive linear trend; however, acetate, butyrate, and isobutyrate proportion increased quadratically (P < 0.001). CAL tended to linearly increase α-linolenic acid and conjugated linoleic acid as well as increased stearic acid concentration in buffered ruminal fluid. CAL particularly increased total protozoa and bacterial populations during fermentation, but inhibited methanogens. It is concluded that the CAL may be promising to be used as a feed additive to decrease methanogenesis as well as biohydrogenation of FA in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulianri R Yanza
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Alumnus of Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Malgorzata Szumacher-Strabel
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bryszak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Pawel Kolodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Sylwester Slusarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, Puławy, Poland.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medical University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Amlan K Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Adam Cieslak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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90
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Zhang X, Medrano RF, Wang M, Beauchemin KA, Ma Z, Wang R, Wen J, Bernard LA, Tan Z. Effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation on fiber digestibility, nitrogen balance, rumen fermentation, microbiota and methane emissions in goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:6. [PMID: 30680191 PMCID: PMC6343244 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urea pretreatment is an efficient strategy to improve fiber digestibility of low quality roughages for ruminants. Nitrate and oil are usually used to inhibit enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants. The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of urea plus nitrate pretreated rice straw and corn oil supplementation to the diet on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, CH4 emissions, ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbiota in goats. Nine female goats were used in a triple 3 × 3 Latin Square design (27 d periods). The treatments were: control (untreated rice straw, no added corn oil), rice straw pretreated with urea and nitrate (34 and 4.7 g/kg of rice straw on a dry matter [DM] basis, respectively, UN), and UN diet supplemented with corn oil (15 g/kg soybean and 15 g/kg corn were replaced by 30 g/kg corn oil, DM basis, UNCO). Results Compared with control, UN increased neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (P < 0.001) and copies of protozoa (P < 0.001) and R. albus (P < 0.05) in the rumen, but decreased N retention (-21.2%, P < 0.001), dissolved hydrogen concentration (-22.8%, P < 0.001), molar proportion of butyrate (-18.2%, P < 0.05), (acetate + butyrate) to propionate ratio (P < 0.05) and enteric CH4 emissions (-10.2%, P < 0.05). In comparison with UN, UNCO increased N retention (+34.9%, P < 0.001) and decreased copies of protozoa (P < 0.001) and methanogens (P < 0.001). Compared with control, UNCO increased NDF digestibility (+8.3%, P < 0.001), reduced ruminal dissolved CH4 concentration (-24.4%, P < 0.001) and enteric CH4 emissions (-12.6%, P < 0.05). Conclusions A combination of rice straw pretreated with urea plus nitrate and corn oil supplementation of the diet improved fiber digestibility and lowered enteric CH4 emissions without negative effects on N retention. These strategies improved the utilization of rice straw by goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Rodolfo F Medrano
- 3College of Veterinary Science and Medicine, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, 3120 Nueva Ecija, Philippines.,4College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1 Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,2University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Rong Wang
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,4College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Wen
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China.,4College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 People's Republic of China
| | - Lukuyu A Bernard
- 6International livestock Research Institute, POB 30709, Nairobi, 00100 Kenya
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- 1Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125 Hunan China
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91
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Viennasay B, Wanapat M, Phesatcha K, Phesatcha B, Ampapon T. Replacement of rice straw with cassava-top silage on rumen ecology, fermentation and nutrient digestibilities in dairy steers. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Conserving good source of roughage for dry-season feeding of ruminants is of the utmost importance. Therefore, cassava-top silage (CTS) was prepared and was studied for its feeding level and nutritive value in dairy steers. Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers (75% Holstein Friesian × 25% Thai Native), ~3 years old with 209 ± 50 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effect of CTS on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation efficiency. The treatments were four different feeding ratios of CTS to rice straw, as follows: 0:100, 30:70, 60:40 and 100:0 respectively. Increasing the ratio of CTS to rice straw in the feed remarkably reduced the rumen protozoal population (P < 0.01), thus subsequently decreasing rumen methane production (P < 0.01), whereas other rumen microorganisms remained similar among treatments. Correspondingly, rumen propionate production was enhanced (P < 0.01) by increasing the CTS to rice ratio in the feed, and the acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). Furthermore, rumen ammonia nitrogen and blood urea nitrogen increased (P < 0.01) with an increasing proportion of CTS in the feed, whereas nitrogen retention was highest when the proportion of CTS in the feed was 100%. Although the feed DM intakes were similar, apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein as well as neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were significantly improved by the increase in the percentage of CTS in the feed. It could be concluded that including CTS in the feed at a level of 60–100% improved the rumen fermentation, nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibilities, and is highly recommended for use in the ruminant production in the tropics, as it is a practically simple-to-prepare on-farm feeding intervention.
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92
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S. Effects of rumen-protected folic acid and branched-chain volatile fatty acids supplementation on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestion and blood metabolites in dairy cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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93
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo WJ, Wang YX, Zhang YL, Pei CX, Zhang SL. Effects of fibrolytic enzymes and isobutyrate on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and cellulolytic bacteria in pre- and post-weaning dairy calves. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of fibrolytic enzymes (FE, containing 160 units of cellulase and 4000 units of xylanase) or isobutyrate (IB) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and cellulolytic bacteria in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein bull calves of 15 days of age and of 44.9 ± 0.28 kg of BW were randomly assigned to four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two levels of FE (0 g (FE–) or 1.83 g per calf per day (FE+)) and IB (0 g (IB–) or 6 g per calf per day (IB+)) were added. Calves were weaned at 60-day-old and four calves were selected from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 45 and 90 days of age. There was no IB × FE interaction effect. Ruminal pH decreased with IB or FE supplementation for post-weaned calves, whereas concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetate increased with IB or FE supplementation for pre- and post-weaned calves. Acetate to propionate ratio increased with IB supplementation, but was unaffected by FE supplementation. Ammonia-N concentration decreased with IB or FE supplementation for pre- and post-weaned calves. For post-weaned calves, activities of CMCase increased with IB or FE supplementation, and activities of cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase, β-amylase and protease increased with IB supplementation. Populations of B. fibrisolvens and F. succinogenes for pre- and post-weaned calves and R. flavefaciens for post-weaned calves increased with IB or FE supplementation. It is suggested that ruminal fermentation and growth performance of calves was improved with IB and FE supplementation, and the combination of IB and FE has the potential to stimulate the growth of pre- and post-weaned dairy calves.
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94
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Li L, Qu M, Liu C, Xu L, Pan K, Song X, OuYang K, Li Y, Zhao X. Expression of a Recombinant Lentinula edodes Xylanase by Pichia pastoris and Its Effects on Ruminal Fermentation and Microbial Community in in vitro Incubation of Agricultural Straws. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2944. [PMID: 30555451 PMCID: PMC6283887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural straws, such as rice straw, wheat straw, and corn straw, are produced abundantly every year but not utilized efficiently in China. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of recombinant xylanase on ruminal fermentation and microbial community structure in in vitro incubation of these straws. The recombinant xylanase from Lentinula edodes (rLeXyn11A) was produced in Pichia pastoris. The optimal temperature and pH for rLeXyn11A were 40°C and 4.0, respectively. The rLeXyn11A featured resistance to high temperature and showed broad temperature adaptability (>50% of the maximum activity at 20-80°C). Supplemental rLeXyn11A enhanced the hydrolysis of three agricultural straws. After in vitro ruminal incubation, regardless of agricultural straws, the fiber digestibility, acetate concentration, total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production, and fermentation liquid microbial protein were increased by rLeXyn11A. Supplemental rLeXyn11A increased the ammonia-N concentration for corn straw and rice straw. High throughput sequencing and real-time PCR data showed that the effects of rLeXyn11A on ruminal microbial community depended on the fermentation substrates. With rice straw, rLeXyn11A increased the relative abundance of fibrolytic bacteria including Firmicutes, Desulfovibrio, Ruminococcaceae and its some genus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes. With wheat straw, rLeXyn11A increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_1 and its three representative species F. succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus. With corn straw, the fibrolytic bacteria Firmicutes, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Saccharofermentans, and Desulfovibrio were increased by rLeXyn11A. This study demonstrates that rLeXyn11A could enhance in vitro ruminal digestion and fermentation of agricultural straws, showing the potential of rLeXyn11A for improving the utilization of agricultural straws in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianghui Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Wang C, Wu X, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of folic acid on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and urinary excretion of purine derivatives in post-weaned dairy calves. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 73:18-29. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1547028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - XiaoXu Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - WenJie Huo
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - YanLi Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - CaiXia Pei
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - ShuanLin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Office of Grass and Feed, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Yuci County, Yuci, Shanxi Province, P.R. China
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96
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Nur Atikah I, Alimon AR, Yaakub H, Abdullah N, Jahromi MF, Ivan M, Samsudin AA. Profiling of rumen fermentation, microbial population and digestibility in goats fed with dietary oils containing different fatty acids. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:344. [PMID: 30558590 PMCID: PMC6297943 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of the dietary oils with differing fatty acid profiles on rumen fermentation, microbial population, and digestibility in goats were investigated. In Experiment I, rumen microbial population and fermentation profiles were evaluated on 16 fistulated male goats that were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: i) control (CNT), ii) olive oil (OL), iii) palm olein oil (PO), and iv) sunflower oil (SF). In Experiment II, another group of 16 male goats was randomly assigned to the same dietary treatments for digestibility determination. RESULTS Rumen ammonia concentration was higher in CNT group compared to treatment groups receiving dietary oils. The total VFA and acetate concentration were higher in SF and OL groups, which showed that they were significantly affected by the dietary treatments. There were no differences in total microbial population. However, fibre degrading bacteria populations were affected by the interaction between treatment and day of sampling. Significant differences were observed in apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract of treatment groups containing dietary oils compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that supplementation of different dietary oils containing different fatty acid profiles improved rumen fermentation by reducing ammonia concentration and increasing total VFA concentration, altering fibre degrading bacteria population, and improving apparent digestibility of crude protein and ether extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Nur Atikah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A. R. Alimon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - H. Yaakub
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - N. Abdullah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - M. F. Jahromi
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - M. Ivan
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - A. A. Samsudin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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97
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Manzoor N, Cao L, Deng D, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Liu Y. Cellulase extraction from cellulolytic bacteria promoting bioelectricity production by degrading cellulose. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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98
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Wang C, Liu Q, Guo G, Huo W, Ma L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Zhang S, Wang H. Effects of dietary soybean oil and coated folic acid on ruminal digestion kinetics, fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and bacterial abundance in Jinnan beef steers. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99
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Ortiz-Chura A, Fernández Pepi M, Wawrzkiewicz M, Cerón Cucchi M, Cravero S, Jaurena G. Microbial populations and ruminal fermentation of sheep and llamas fed low quality forages. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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100
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Wang SP, Wang WJ, Tan ZL, Liu GW, Zhou CF, Yin MJ. Effect of traditional Chinese medicine compounds on rumen fermentation, methanogenesis and microbial flora in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 5:185-190. [PMID: 31193871 PMCID: PMC6544579 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine compounds (TCMC) on rumen fermentation, methane emission and populations of ruminal microbes using an in vitro gas production technique. Cablin patchouli herb (CPH), Atractylodes rhizome (AR), Amur Cork-tree (AC) and Cypsum were mixed with the weight ratios of 1:1:1:0.5 and 1:1:1:1 to make up TCMC1 and TCMC2, respectively. Both TCMC were added at level of 25 g/kg of substrate dry matter. In vitro gas production was recorded and methane concentration was determined at 12 and 24 h of incubation. After 24 h, the incubation was terminated and the inoculants were measured for pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids (VFA). Total deoxyribonucleic acid of ruminal microbes was extracted from the inocula, and populations were determined by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Populations of total rumen methanogens, protozoa, total fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were expressed as a proportion of total rumen bacterial 16S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid. Compared with the control, the 2 TCMC decreased (P ≤ 0.05) total VFA concentration, acetate molar proportion, acetate to propionate ratio, gas and methane productions at 12 and 24 h, hydrogen (H) produced and consumed, and methanogens and total fungi populations, while the 2 TCMC increased (P ≤ 0.05) propionate molar proportion. Traditional Chinese medicine compound 1 also decreased (P ≤ 0.05) R. flavefaciens population. From the present study, it is inferred that there is an effect of the TCMC in suppressing methanogenesis, probably mediated via indirect mode by channeling H2 utilized for methanogenesis to synthesis of propionate and direct action against the rumen microbes involved in methane formation. In addition, the relative methane reduction potential (RMRP) of TCMC2 was superior to that of TCMC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Ping Wang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Wen Juan Wang
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zhi Liang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Guo Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Cheng Fu Zhou
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Meng Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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