1
|
Hodge I, Quille P, O’Connell S. A Review of Potential Feed Additives Intended for Carbon Footprint Reduction through Methane Abatement in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:568. [PMID: 38396536 PMCID: PMC10885959 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eight rumen additives were chosen for an enteric methane-mitigating comparison study including garlic oil (GO), nitrate, Ascophyllum nodosum (AN), Asparagopsis (ASP), Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB), chitosan (CHI), essential oils (EOs) and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP). Dose-dependent analysis was carried out on selected feed additives using a meta-analysis approach to determine effectiveness in live subjects or potential efficacy in live animal trials with particular attention given to enteric gas, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and rumen microbial counts. All meta-analysis involving additives GO, nitrates, LAB, CHI, EOs, and 3-NOP revealed a reduction in methane production, while individual studies for AN and ASP displayed ruminal bacterial community improvement and a reduction in enteric CH4. Rumen protozoal depression was observed with GO and AN supplementation as well as an increase in propionate production with GO, LAB, ASP, CHI, and 3-NOP rumen fluid inoculation. GO, AN, ASP, and LAB demonstrated mechanisms in vitro as feed additives to improve rumen function and act as enteric methane mitigators. Enzyme inhibitor 3-NOP displays the greatest in vivo CH4 mitigating capabilities compared to essential oil commercial products. Furthermore, this meta-analysis study revealed that in vitro studies in general displayed a greater level of methane mitigation with these compounds than was seen in vivo, emphasising the importance of in vivo trials for final verification of use. While in vitro gas production systems predict in vivo methane production and fermentation trends with reasonable accuracy, it is necessary to confirm feed additive rumen influence in vivo before practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hodge
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Munster Technological University, V92 HD4V Tralee, Kerry, Ireland; (P.Q.); (S.O.)
- Research and Development Biotechnology Centre, Marigot Ltd., Shanbally, P43 E409 Ringaskiddy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick Quille
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Munster Technological University, V92 HD4V Tralee, Kerry, Ireland; (P.Q.); (S.O.)
| | - Shane O’Connell
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, Munster Technological University, V92 HD4V Tralee, Kerry, Ireland; (P.Q.); (S.O.)
- Research and Development Biotechnology Centre, Marigot Ltd., Shanbally, P43 E409 Ringaskiddy, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sasazaki N, Toda K, Hasunuma H, Matsumoto D, Shinya U, Yamato O, Obi T, Higaki T, Widodo OS, Ishii K, Igari N, Kazami D, Taniguchi M, Takagi M. Effects of dietary feed supplementation with heat-treated Lactobacillus sakei HS-1 on the health status, blood parameters, and fecal microbes of Japanese Black calves before weaning. Vet World 2023; 16:2293-2302. [PMID: 38152265 PMCID: PMC10750749 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2293-2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Our previous research suggested that heat-killed Lactobacillus sakei HS-1 (HK-LS HS-1) is potentially beneficial for improving intestinal microbes and reducing the number of medical treatments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of HK-LS HS-1 as a supplement in milk replacers (MRs) on clinical health during the 1-month preweaning period. Materials and Methods Eighteen female calves were randomly assigned to either a group receiving the HK-LS HS-1 supplement (n = 9) or a control group without it (n = 9). We then investigated the effect of including supplementary HK-LS HS-1; 0.2% in MRs twice daily at 09:00 and 16:00 on the health, serum biochemical parameters (measured using an automated biochemical analyzer), and fecal bacteriological changes of preweaning Japanese Black calves at the day of the start of supplementation (before HK-LS HS-1 supplementation; day 0), at weaning (day 30), and at 2 weeks (day 45) and 4 weeks (day 60) after weaning. Results During the supplementation period (0-30 days), (1) an increase (p = 0.023) was observed in albumin, and there was a tendency of increase in total cholesterol level in the HK-LS HS-1 group but not in the control group; (2) substantial differences were obtained after the weaning period (30-60 days), although no differences were observed from 0-30 days in both groups. The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level was substantially increased after weaning in the control group. No differences were observed in the amounts of Coliform spp. and Staphylococcaceae spp. between the two groups; thus, HK-LS HS-1 supplementation had similar antibacterial effects. A significant reduction was observed in the time to weaning of the HK-LS HS-1 group in the field trial. Conclusion Supplementation with HK-LS HS-1 from an early stage after birth to weaning is a cost-effective treatment to improve the growth rate of preweaning calves. However, supplementation during only preweaning periods appears to have no beneficial effects on preventing weaning stress, especially in terms of AMH levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sasazaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Akune, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Urara Shinya
- Kagoshima Agriculture Mutual Aid Association, Soo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Takeshi Obi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Higaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Oky Setyo Widodo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Masayasu Taniguchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Division of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ferlisi F, Tang J, Cappelli K, Trabalza-Marinucci M. Dietary supplementation with olive oil co-products rich in polyphenols: a novel nutraceutical approach in monogastric animal nutrition. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1272274. [PMID: 37901105 PMCID: PMC10611480 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1272274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the increased demand for agri-food products to feed livestock species has stimulated research to identify novel solutions for the valorization of natural waste, according to the modern concept of a circular economy. Numerous studies have shown the use of plant-derived and agro-industrial co-products that are sources of bioactive molecules for preparing animal feeds. Supplementation with co-products derived from the extraction of olive oil (i.e., olive pomace, olive mill wastewater, olive cake and olive leaf) in diet has been widely considered in recent decades, because these wastes are produced in high quantity and their re-use represents an innovative economic and environmental strategy. Olive oil co-products are characterized by various bioactive molecules such as polyphenols, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Among them, polyphenols are the nutraceuticals most studied, showing to promote health effects in both humans and animals. Olive oil co-products and their phenolic extracts have shown many beneficial and promising effects when added to the diets of monogastric animals, by improving performance parameters and maintaining the oxidative status of meat and derived products. This review provides an update on the use of olive co-products in monogastric animal (swine, poultry and rabbit) diets and their effects on the productive performance, meat quality characteristics and gut health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ferlisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Katia Cappelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodríguez-Hernández P, Cardador MJ, Ríos-Reina R, Simões J, Arce L, Rodríguez-Estévez V. Feed Supplementation Detection during the Last Productive Stage of the Acorn-Fed Iberian Pig through a Faecal Volatilome Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36670765 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The acorn-fed Iberian pig is known worldwide due to the quality of the resulting products commercialized after a natural and free grazing period of fattening in the dehesa agroforestry ecosystem. The quality regulation of the pig breed reserves "acorn" denomination for only those products obtained from animals exclusively fed grazing acorns and other natural resources; however, sometimes, feed supplementation of the pig's diet is fraudulently employed to reach an earlier slaughtering weight and to increase pig stocking rate, a strategy called postre (meaning "feed supplement"). In this sense, although many studies focused on Iberian pig diet have been published, the field detection of feed use for acorn-fed pig during the last finishing stage foraging in the dehesa, a practice which clashes with the official regulation, has not been explored yet. The present study employs a volatilome analysis (gas chromatography coupled to ion mobility spectrometry) of a non-invasive biological sample (faeces) to discriminate the grazing diet of only natural resources, that acorn-fed Iberian pigs are supposed to have, from those pigs that are also supplemented with feed. The results obtained show the suitability of the methodology used and the usefulness of the information obtained from faeces samples to discriminate and detect the fraudulent use of feed for acorn-fed Iberian pig fattening: a classification success ranging between 86.4% and 100% was obtained for the two chemometric approaches evaluated. These, together with the results of discriminant models, are discussed, in addition to the importance that the methodology optimized implies for the Iberian pig sector and market, which is also introduced. This methodology could be adapted to control organic farming animals or other upstanding livestock production systems which are supposed to be fully dependent on a natural grazing diet.
Collapse
|
5
|
Longobardi C, Ferrara G, Andretta E, Montagnaro S, Damiano S, Ciarcia R. Ochratoxin A and Kidney Oxidative Stress: The Role of Nutraceuticals in Veterinary Medicine-A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060398. [PMID: 35737059 PMCID: PMC9231272 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of residues of toxic contaminants in food products has assumed considerable importance in terms of food safety. Naturally occurring contaminants, such as mycotoxins, are monitored routinely in the agricultural and food industries. Unfortunately, the consequences of the presence of mycotoxins in foodstuffs are evident in livestock farms, where both subacute and chronic effects on animal health are observed and could have non-negligible effects on human health. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common mycotoxin that contaminates food and feeds. Due to its thermal stability, the eradication of OTA from the food chain is very difficult. Consequently, humans and animals are frequently exposed to OTA in daily life. In this review article, we will devote time to highlighting the redox-based nephrotoxicity that occurs during OTA intoxication. In the past few decades, the literature has improved on the main molecules and enzymes involved in the redox signaling pathway as well as on some new antioxidant compounds as therapeutic strategies to counteract oxidative stress. The knowledge shown in this work will address the use of nutraceutical substances as dietary supplements, which would in turn improve the prophylactic and pharmacological treatment of redox-associated kidney diseases during OTA exposure, and will attempt to promote animal feed supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consiglia Longobardi
- Department of Mental, Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Largo Madonna delle Grazie n.1, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Ferrara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (E.A.); (S.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Emanuela Andretta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (E.A.); (S.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Serena Montagnaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (E.A.); (S.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Sara Damiano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (E.A.); (S.M.); (R.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-253-6027
| | - Roberto Ciarcia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.F.); (E.A.); (S.M.); (R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Neill HR, Gill CIR, McDonald EJ, McRoberts WC, Pourshahidi LK. Vitamin D Biofortification of Pork May Offer a Food-Based Strategy to Increase Vitamin D Intakes in the UK Population. Front Nutr 2021; 8:777364. [PMID: 34926552 PMCID: PMC8679618 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.777364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is prevalent worldwide, with many populations failing to achieve the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for vitamin D (10-20 μg/day). Owing to low vitamin D intakes, limited exposure to ultraviolet-B (UVB) induced dermal synthesis, lack of mandatory fortification and poor uptake in supplement advice, additional food-based strategies are warranted to enable the UK population to achieve optimal vitamin D intakes, thus reducing musculoskeletal risks or suboptimal immune functioning. The aims of the current study were to (1) determine any changes to vitamin D intake and status over a 9-year period, and (2) apply dietary modeling to predict the impact of vitamin D biofortification of pork and pork products on population intakes. Data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Year 1-9; 2008/09-2016/17) were analyzed to explore nationally representative mean vitamin D intakes and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations (n = 13,350). Four theoretical dietary scenarios of vitamin D pork biofortification were computed (vitamin D content +50/100/150/200% vs. standard). Vitamin D intake in the UK population has not changed significantly from 2008 to 2017 and in 2016/17, across all age groups, 13.2% were considered deficient [25(OH)D <25 nmol/L]. Theoretically, increasing vitamin D concentrations in biofortified pork by 50, 100, 150, and 200%, would increase vitamin population D intake by 4.9, 10.1, 15.0, and 19.8% respectively. When specifically considering the impact on gender and age, based on the last scenario, a greater relative change was observed in males (22.6%) vs. females (17.8%). The greatest relative change was observed amongst 11-18 year olds (25.2%). Vitamin D intakes have remained stable in the UK for almost a decade, confirming that strategies are urgently required to help the population achieve the RNI for vitamin D. Biofortification of pork meat provides a proof of concept, demonstrating that animal-based strategies may offer an important contribution to help to improve the vitamin D intakes of the UK population, particularly adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Neill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neill HR, Gill CIR, McDonald EJ, McRoberts WC, Pourshahidi LK. The future is bright: Biofortification of common foods can improve vitamin D status. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:505-521. [PMID: 34291674 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1950609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global concern, linked to suboptimal musculoskeletal health and immune function, with status inadequacies owing to variations in UV dependent cutaneous synthesis and limited natural dietary sources. Endogenous biofortification, alongside traditional fortification and supplement usage is urgently needed to address this deficit. Evidence reviewed in the current article clearly demonstrates that feed modification and UV radiation, either independently or used in combination, effectively increases vitamin D content of primary produce or ingredients, albeit in the limited range of food vehicles tested to date (beef/pork/chicken/eggs/fish/bread/mushrooms). Fewer human trials have confirmed that consumption of these biofortified foods can increase circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations (n = 10), which is of particular importance to avoid vitamin D status declining to nadir during wintertime. Meat is an unexplored yet plausible food vehicle for vitamin D biofortification, owing, at least in part, to its ubiquitous consumption pattern. Consumption of PUFA-enriched meat in human trials demonstrates efficacy (n = 4), lighting the way for exploration of vitamin D-biofortified meats to enhance consumer vitamin D status. Response to vitamin D-biofortified foods varies by food matrix, with vitamin D3-enriched animal-based foods observing the greatest effect in maintaining or elevating 25(OH)D concentrations. Generally, the efficacy of biofortification appears to vary dependent upon vitamer selected for animal feed supplementation (vitamin D2 or D3, or 25(OH)D), baseline participant status and the bioaccessibility from the food matrix. Further research in the form of robust human clinical trials are required to explore the contribution of biofortified foods to vitamin D status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Neill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | | | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barbato O, De Felice E, Todini L, Menchetti L, Malfatti A, Scocco P. Effects of Feed Supplementation on Nesfatin-1, Insulin, Glucagon, Leptin, T3, Cortisol, and BCS in Milking Ewes Grazing on Semi-Natural Pastures. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:682. [PMID: 33806523 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of feed supplementation on body condition score (BCS) and different metabolic hormones concentration in lactating sheep reared in Italian Central Apennine pastures during the grazing summer period. In this study, 24 Comisana x Appenninica pluriparous ewes from June until August were divided into two homogenous groups: the control group (UNS) was free to graze, while the other group (SUP), in addition to grazing, was supplemented with 600 g/day/head of cereals. At the start of the supplementation and at an interval of 9-10 days until the end of experimentation, BCS evaluation and blood withdrawal to assay nesfatin-1, insulin, glucagon, leptin, triiodothyronine and cortisol levels were performed. Univariable analysis showed no remarkable differences between the groups, while multivariable analysis suggested that the UNS group was characterized by a lower BCS and greater nesfatin-1 than the SUP group. These findings can be considered in relation to milk production, which shows a clear better persistence in the SUP group. Our results indicate that nutritional supplementation has protected ewes from the usual lowering of the body state linked to lactation and provides a good maintenance of milk production, determining also a better overall body and metabolic state of the animals, which is important at the beginning of the sexual season.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee SJ, Lee YJ, Eom JS, Kim HS, Choi YY, Jo SU, Kang SN, Park HY, Kim DH, Lee SS. Effects of the Appropriate Addition of Antioxidants from Pinus densiflora and Mentha canadensis Extracts on Methane Emission and Rumen Fermentation. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1888. [PMID: 33076543 PMCID: PMC7602798 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the optimal addition of terpene-based Pinus densiflora and Mentha canadensis extracts, with antioxidant and methane reduction effects, as feed supplements to ruminants. Two cannulated steers (450 ± 30 kg), consuming Timothy Hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (at 09:00 and 17:30) at 2% of body weight, with free access to water and a mineral block, were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro fermentation experiments, with Timothy Hay as the substrate, were conducted with P. densiflora and M. canadensis extracts as supplements to achieve concentrations of 30, 50, and 70 mg/L on a Timothy Hay basis. Fibrobacter succinogenes decreased in proportion upon P. densiflora and M. canadensis extract supplementation at 50 mg/L, while the dry matter degradability of the feed was not significantly different (p < 0.05). Methane emission was significantly lower in the 50 and 70 mg/L treatment groups, for both extracts, at 12 h (p < 0.05). Based on methane production and antioxidant activity, our study suggests that 30 mg/L addition is the most appropriate level of supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
| | - Ye Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| | - Suk Nam Kang
- Department of Animal Resource, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea;
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea;
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon 36830, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea;
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si 52828, Korea; (Y.J.L.); (J.S.E.); (H.S.K.); (Y.Y.C.); (S.U.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sasazaki N, Obi T, Aridome C, Fujimoto Y, Furumoto M, Toda K, Hasunuma H, Matsumoto D, Sato S, Okawa H, Yamato O, Igari N, Kazami D, Taniguchi M, Takagi M. Effects of dietary feed supplementation of heat-treated Lactobacillus sakei HS-1 on the health status, blood parameters, and fecal microbes of Japanese Black calves. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1428-1435. [PMID: 32814747 PMCID: PMC7653318 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of heat-killed Lactobacillus sakei
HS-1 (HK-LS HS-1) on the health and fecal bacteriological change of suckling Japanese
Black calves as a supplement in milk replacers. Twelve calves were separated from dams to
calf-hatch after calving for milk replacers feeding. They were randomly assigned to an
HK-LS HS-1 supplement or a control without HK-LS HS-1 group in milk replacers. HK-LS HS-1
was administered from separation day to 3 weeks. Blood and fecal samples were examined.
Two calves with a haptoglobin concentration of >500
µg/ml on day 0 were excluded from the experiment, and
10 calves were finally included. Glucose and vitamin A levels on day 7 were significantly
higher (P<0.05) in the supplement group than in the control group. No
significant differences were observed in haptoglobin or serum amyloid A between the
groups. The number of Escherichia coli in feces was lower in the control
group than in the supplement group on day 21 (P=0.06). No difference was
observed in the number of bifidobacteria, but that of lactic acid bacteria was
significantly higher (P<0.05) in the supplement group on day 21. The
number of medications administered was significantly lower (P<0.05) in
the supplement group (5.2 ± 3.9) than in the control group (10.6 ± 5.9) during the
experimental period. The results indicated that HK-LS HS-1 is potentially beneficial for
improving intestinal microbes and reducing the number of medical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sasazaki
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Akune, Kagoshima 899-1611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Obi
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Chiharu Aridome
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Mizuki Furumoto
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Akune, Kagoshima 899-1611, Japan
| | - Katsuki Toda
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Akune, Kagoshima 899-1611, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasunuma
- Shepherd Central Livestock Clinic, Akune, Kagoshima 899-1611, Japan
| | | | - Satoko Sato
- Soo Agriculture Mutual Aid Association, Soo, Kagoshima 899-8212, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Yamato
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Naoki Igari
- Daiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo 154-0024, Japan
| | | | - Masayasu Taniguchi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Takagi
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu C, Masri J, Perez V, Maya C, Zhao J. Growth Performance and Nutrient Composition of Mealworms ( Tenebrio Molitor) Fed on Fresh Plant Materials-Supplemented Diets. Foods 2020; 9:foods9020151. [PMID: 32033344 PMCID: PMC7074268 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) have a great potential to serve as a sustainable food source for humans due to their favorable nutrient profile and low environmental impact. Feed formulation and optimization are important for mealworm production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh plant materials-supplemented diets on the growth performance and nutritional value of mealworms. Mealworm larvae were grown on wheat bran or wheat bran enriched with carrot, orange, or red cabbage for four weeks. Larval and pupal survival, growth rate, pupating rate, duration of pupal stage, proximate composition, reducing power, metal chelating activity, and radical scavenging activity of the mealworms were analyzed. Dietary supplementation with fresh plant materials did not result in significant changes in mealworm survival, development, proximate composition, or antioxidant activities. However, mealworm larvae fed on carrot-, orange-, and red cabbage-supplemented diets had improved growth rates, and were 40%–46% heavier in week four than those fed on wheat bran only, indicating the supplementation resulted in an increased production efficiency of mealworm larvae. Our findings may help optimize the diet formulation for mealworm mass production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqi Liu
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (C.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Jasmin Masri
- School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science, Rongxiang Xu College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 91803, USA; (J.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Violet Perez
- School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science, Rongxiang Xu College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 91803, USA; (J.M.); (V.P.)
| | - Cassandra Maya
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; (C.L.); (C.M.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science, Rongxiang Xu College of Health and Human Services, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 91803, USA; (J.M.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +01-323-343-4665
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Caprioli G, Kamgang Nzekoue F, Fiorini D, Scocco P, Trabalza-Marinucci M, Acuti G, Tardella FM, Sagratini G, Catorci A. The effects of feeding supplementation on the nutritional quality of milk and cheese from sheep grazing on dry pasture. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:50-62. [PMID: 31163113 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1613347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of feeding supplementation on the nutritional characteristics of milk and cheese was studied in dairy sheep grazing on low mountain dry-grasslands during summer in typical sub-Mediterranean conditions of aridity. The control group (CG) of 25 sheep grazed on grass, while the experimental group (EG) of 25 sheep grazed on grass and received 600 g a day of a barley and corn mixture. Daily milk production showed a less pronounced decrease in EG than in CG (p ˂ 0.0368). After one month of supplementation, the concentrations of retinol and α-tocopherol in milk and cheese from EG were higher than CG (p < 0.05). Supplementary feeding had a positive effect on the fatty acid composition of the sheep milk. For the first time, positive effects on the volatile composition were found in EG cheese, displaying lower percentages of carboxylic acids associated with the pungent and rancid odour with respect to CG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis Fiorini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Paola Scocco
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Acuti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Federico M Tardella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Catorci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pehrson B, Hakkarainen J, Blomgren L. Vitamin E status in newborn lambs with special reference to the effect of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate supplementation in late gestation. Acta Vet Scand 1990; 31:359-67. [PMID: 2080780 PMCID: PMC8133248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant ewes were supplemented with dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, either as a single intramuscular dose (500 mg two weeks before lambing) or perorally (150 mg daily during 3-4 weeks before lambing). Ewes without such a supplementation were controls. The vitamin E supplemented ewes had nearly twice as high vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) concentrations as the unsupplemented control ewes at lambing both in serum and in colostrum. The vitamin E concentration in colostrum was 5-11 higher than in milk 1 week after lambing. Both supplementations somewhat increased the vitamin E serum concentration of the newborn lambs, but the increase was negligible in comparison with the effect produced by the consumption of colostrum. All lambs had very low serum concentrations at birth. The lambs from the supplemented ewes had significantly higher serum values than the control lambs 24 h after birth. The ewes had somewhat higher selenium status at birth than their offsprings when evaluated by glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the erythrocytes. It seems reasonable that nutritional muscular degeneration may arise in newborn lambs with a normal selenium status if their vitamin E status is critical, either because of an inadequate consumption of colostrum or because of a vitamin E deficient diet during pregnancy with a low vitamin concentration of colostrum as a consequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Pehrson
- Experimental Station, Veterinary Institute, Skara, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pehrson B, Hakkarainen J. Vitamin E status of healthy Swedish cattle. Acta Vet Scand 1986; 27:351-60. [PMID: 3565196 PMCID: PMC8189391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Using high pressure liquid chromatography the serum concentration of vitamin E was measured in dairy cows fed either hay or silage as their main roughage, in calves fed milk-replacer, and in young intensively fed bulls. The concentrates fed to the cows, calves and bulls were supplemented with 5–10, 25 and 5–10 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate per kg, respectively, and the milk-replacer for the calves was supplemented with 50 mg DL-α-tooopheryl acetate per kg powder. Cows fed silage as their main roughage had higher serum vitamin E concentrations (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\rm{\bar x}}$$\end{document}: 3.8–5.2 mg/l) than cows fed only hay (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\rm{\bar x}}$$\end{document}: 2.5–4.1 mg/1). Lactating cows had higher vitamin E concentrations than dry cows (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\rm{\bar x}}$$\end{document}: 4.1–5.2 and 2.5–3.8 mg/l, respectively) and calves and bulls had much lower vitamin E concentrations (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$${\rm{\bar x}}$$\end{document}: 1.4 and 1.2 mg/l, respectively) than cows. Thirty per cent of the calves and 41 % of the bulls had serum vitamin E concentrations less than 1.0 mg/l, suggesting that in these animals the conventional level of supplementation of feeds with DL-α-tocopheryl acetate in Sweden is probably inadequate for the prevention of nutritional muscular degeneration and other negative effects.
Collapse
|