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Highly diverse fungal communities in carbon-rich aquifers of two contrasting lakes in Northeast Germany. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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52
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Taube R, Fabian J, Van den Wyngaert S, Agha R, Baschien C, Gerphagnon M, Kagami M, Krüger A, Premke K. Potentials and limitations of quantification of fungi in freshwater environments based on PLFA profiles. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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53
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Leaf litter decomposition of sweet chestnut is affected more by oomycte infection of trees than by water temperature. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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54
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Nawaz A, Purahong W, Herrmann M, Küsel K, Buscot F, Wubet T. DNA- and RNA- Derived Fungal Communities in Subsurface Aquifers Only Partly Overlap but React Similarly to Environmental Factors. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090341. [PMID: 31514383 PMCID: PMC6780912 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies have revolutionized our understanding of microbial diversity and composition in relation to their environment. HTS-based characterization of metabolically active (RNA-derived) and total (DNA-derived) fungal communities in different terrestrial habitats has revealed profound differences in both richness and community compositions. However, such DNA- and RNA-based HTS comparisons are widely missing for fungal communities of groundwater aquifers in the terrestrial biogeosphere. Therefore, in this study, we extracted DNA and RNA from groundwater samples of two pristine aquifers in the Hainich CZE and employed paired-end Illumina sequencing of the fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region to comprehensively test difference/similarities in the “total” and “active” fungal communities. We found no significant differences in the species richness between the DNA- and RNA-derived fungal communities, but the relative abundances of various fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) appeared to differ. We also found the same set of environmental parameters to shape the “total” and “active” fungal communities in the targeted aquifers. Furthermore, our comparison also underlined that about 30%–40% of the fungal OTUs were only detected in RNA-derived communities. This implies that the active fungal communities analyzed by HTS methods in the subsurface aquifers are actually not a subset of supposedly total fungal communities. In general, our study highlights the importance of differentiating the potential (DNA-derived) and expressed (RNA-derived) members of the fungal communities in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nawaz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Witoon Purahong
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Martina Herrmann
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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55
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Soe TW, Han C, Fudou R, Kaida K, Sawaki Y, Tomura T, Ojika M. Clavariopsins C-I, Antifungal Cyclic Depsipeptides from the Aquatic Hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:1971-1978. [PMID: 31244144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seven new cyclic depsipeptides, clavariopsins C-I (3-9), together with two known congeners, clavariopsins A and B (1 and 2), were isolated from the aquatic hyphomycete Clavariopsis aquatica. Their planar structures, which consist of nine amino acids and one α-hydroxy acid, were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations were established by the advanced Marfey's method and chiral-phase HPLC analysis. Their antifungal and cytotoxic activities were evaluated against six plant pathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe oryzae, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata, and Aspergillus niger) and a cancer cell line (HeLa-S3), respectively. The majority of the compounds exhibited potent antifungal activity against the fungi tested (minimum inhibition dose = 0.01-10 μg/disk) and induced hyphal swelling in A. niger (minimum effective dose = 0.3-3 μg/disk), whereas the compounds exhibited no cytotoxicity toward the cancer cell line. The results suggest that the clavariopsins could be a promising class of antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thin Wut Soe
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Yangon , Yangon 11041 , Myanmar
| | - Chunguang Han
- Research Center for Materials Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fudou
- R&D Planning Department , Ajinomoto Co., Inc. , Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-8315 , Japan
| | - Kenichi Kaida
- Institute of Life Science , Ajinomoto Co., Inc. , Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-8681 , Japan
| | - Yuki Sawaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tomura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan
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56
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Santonja M, Rodríguez-Pérez H, Le Bris N, Piscart C. Leaf Nutrients and Macroinvertebrates Control Litter Mixing Effects on Decomposition in Temperate Streams. Ecosystems 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-019-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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58
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Zhang Y, Yin Y, Ma H, Cao X, Ma B, Qv M, Zhang B, Akbar S, Du J. Insight into chronic exposure effects of nanosized titanium dioxide on Typha angustifolia leaf litter decomposition. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:680-688. [PMID: 30849629 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Advancement in nanotechnology has increased production of nanoparticles which initiates concerns for freshwater ecosystems. Nanosized TiO2 is one of the most used materials and its ecotoxicity has been extensively studied. Here, a freshwater microcosm experiment was performed to investigate the effects of nanosized (10, 60, and 100 nm) and bulk TiO2 at 1 g L-1 on the alteration in community structure of fungal decomposers and the consequences on litter decomposition of Typha angustifolia leaves. After 209 days of exposure, the decomposition rate was significantly higher in 100 nm TiO2 treatment compared to the control, which was caused by its promotion on fungal biomass and metabolic activity. Therefore, the study provides the multifaceted evidences for different effects of TiO2 with varied sizes on T. angustifolia leaf decomposition and highlights the importance of understanding the potential effects of varying sizes and long-term exposure in nanoparticle risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinshuai Cao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Ma
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siddiq Akbar
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.
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59
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Luis P, Saint-Genis G, Vallon L, Bourgeois C, Bruto M, Marchand C, Record E, Hugoni M. Contrasted ecological niches shape fungal and prokaryotic community structure in mangroves sediments. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1407-1424. [PMID: 30807675 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mangroves are forest ecosystems located at the interface between land and sea where sediments presented a variety of contrasted environmental conditions (i.e. oxic/anoxic, non-sulfidic/sulfidic, organic matter content) providing an ideal ecosystem to study microbial communities with niche differentiation and distinct community structures. In this work, prokaryotic and fungal compositions were investigated during both wet and dry seasons in New Caledonian mangrove sediments, from the surface to deeper horizons under the two most common tree species in this region (Avicennia marina and Rhizophora stylosa), using high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that Bacteria and Archaea communities were mainly shaped by sediment depth while the fungal community was almost evenly distributed according to sediment depth, vegetation cover and season. A detailed analysis of prokaryotic and fungal phyla showed a dominance of Ascomycota over Basidiomycota whatever the compartment, while there was a clear shift in prokaryotic composition. Some prokaryotic phyla were enriched in surface layers such as Proteobacteria, Euryarchaeota while others were mostly associated with deeper layers as Chloroflexi, Bathyarchaeota, Aminicenantes. Our results highlight the importance of considering fungal and prokaryotic counterparts for a better understanding of the microbial succession involved in plant organic matter decomposition in tropical coastal sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Luis
- CNRS, UMR5557; Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Geoffroy Saint-Genis
- CNRS, UMR5557; Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Vallon
- CNRS, UMR5557; Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Carine Bourgeois
- IMPMC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UPMC, CNRS, MNHN, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
| | - Maxime Bruto
- UPMC Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Sorbonne Universités, CS 90074, F-29688, Roscoff Cedex, France
| | - Cyril Marchand
- IMPMC, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UPMC, CNRS, MNHN, Noumea, New Caledonia, France.,ISEA, EA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), 3325, BP R4, 98851, Noumea, New Caledonia, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Marseille, France
| | - Mylène Hugoni
- CNRS, UMR5557; Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, Université Lyon 1, 69220, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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60
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Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061343. [PMID: 30884876 PMCID: PMC6471329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide that can cause a series of biological and ecological effects, yet little is known about its potential interaction with other stressors in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we tested whether the impact of lead (Pb) on litter decomposition was altered by ALAN exposure using an indoor microcosm experiment. The results showed that ALAN exposure alone significantly increased leaf litter decomposition, decreased the lignin content of leaf litter, and altered fungal community composition and structure. The decomposition rate was 51% higher in Pb with ALAN exposure treatments than in Pb without ALAN treatments, resulting in increased microbial biomass, β-glucosidase (β-G) activity, and the enhanced correlation between β-G and litter decomposition rate. These results indicate that the negative effect of Pb on leaf litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems may be alleviated by ALAN. In addition, ALAN exposure also alters the correlation among fungi associated with leaf litter decomposition. In summary, this study expands our understanding of Pb toxicity on litter decomposition in freshwater ecosystems and highlights the importance of considering ALAN when assessing environmental metal pollutions.
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Gonçalves AL, Simões S, Bärlocher F, Canhoto C. Leaf litter microbial decomposition in salinized streams under intermittency. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1204-1212. [PMID: 30759560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Human-induced salinization of freshwaters constitutes a growing global problem, whose consequences on streams functioning are largely unknown. Climate change projections predict enhanced evaporation, as well as an increase in extreme events and in variability of precipitation. This will result in more frequent, extended and severe drought periods that may aggravate water salinization of streams and rivers. In this study we conducted a microcosm experiment to assess the combined effects of three drought regimes - abrupt (AD), slow (SD) and very slow transition to dryness (VSD) - and three levels of salinization (0, 4, 6 g L-1 NaCl) on microbial-mediated oak leaf decomposition over ten weeks. Salinization did not affect mass loss and associated microbial respiration of colonized oak leaves but significantly reduced the biomass and eliminated the sporulating capacity of fungi. Desiccation negatively affected leaf decomposition regardless of regime. Even though microbial respiration did not react to the different treatments, lower fungal biomass, diversity, and conidial production were observed under AD; for fungal biomass these effects were amplified at higher salt concentrations (particularly at 6 g L-1). Our results indicate that effects of leaf litter desiccation depend on the rate of transition between wet and dry conditions and on the level of salt in the water. The two factors jointly affect decomposer survival and activity and, by extension, the dynamics of detrital food webs in streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Gonçalves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara Simões
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felix Bärlocher
- Department of Biology, Mt. Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Cristina Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Cornut J, De Respinis S, Tonolla M, Petrini O, Bärlocher F, Chauvet E, Bruder A. Rapid characterization of aquatic hyphomycetes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Mycologia 2019; 111:177-189. [PMID: 30640580 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1528129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI--TOF MS) is a rapid, reliable, and economical method to characterize isolates of terrestrial fungi and other microorganisms. The objective of our study was to evaluate the suitability of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of aquatic hyphomycetes, a polyphyletic group of fungi that play crucial roles in stream ecosystems. To this end, we used 34 isolates of 21 aquatic hyphomycete species whose identity was confirmed by spore morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) nuc rDNA sequencing. We tested the efficiency of three protein extraction methods, including chemical and mechanical treatments using 13 different protocols, with the objective of producing high-quality MALDI-TOF mass spectra. In addition to extraction protocols, mycelium age was identified as a key parameter affecting protein extraction efficiency. The dendrogram based on mass-spectrum similarity indicated good and relevant taxonomic discrimination; the tree structure was comparable to that of the phylogram based on ITS sequences. Consequently, MALDI-TOF MS could reliably identify the isolates studied and provided greater taxonomic accuracy than classical morphological methods. MALDI-TOF MS seems suited for rapid characterization and identification of aquatic hyphomycete species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cornut
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland.,b Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Trevano Campus , 6952 Canobbio , Switzerland
| | - Sophie De Respinis
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Mauro Tonolla
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland.,c Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology , University of Geneva , Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Bärlocher
- e Department of Biology , Mount Allison University , Sackville , News Brunswick E4L1G7, Canada
| | - Eric Chauvet
- f EcoLab, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Andreas Bruder
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland.,b Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Trevano Campus , 6952 Canobbio , Switzerland
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63
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Carles L, Rossi F, Besse-Hoggan P, Blavignac C, Leremboure M, Artigas J, Batisson I. Nicosulfuron Degradation by an Ascomycete Fungus Isolated From Submerged Alnus Leaf Litter. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3167. [PMID: 30619225 PMCID: PMC6305708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicosulfuron is a selective herbicide belonging to the sulfonylurea family, commonly applied on maize crops. Its worldwide use results in widespread presence as a contaminant in surface streams and ground-waters. In this study, we isolated, for the first time, the Plectosphaerella cucumerina AR1 nicosulfuron-degrading fungal strain, a new record from Alnus leaf litter submerged in freshwater. The degradation of nicosulfuron by P. cucumerina AR1 was achieved by a co-metabolism process and followed a first-order model dissipation. Biodegradation kinetics analysis indicated that, in planktonic lifestyle, nicosulfuron degradation by this strain was glucose concentration dependent, with a maximum specific degradation rate of 1 g/L in glucose. When grown on natural substrata (leaf or wood) as the sole carbon sources, the Plectosphaerella cucumerina AR1 developed as a well-established biofilm in 10 days. After addition of nicosulfuron in the medium, the biofilms became thicker, with rising mycelium, after 10 days for leaves and 21 days for wood. Similar biofilm development was observed in the absence of herbicide. These fungal biofilms still conserve the nicosulfuron degradation capacity, using the same pathway as that observed with planktonic lifestyle as evidenced by LC-MS analyses. This pathway involved first the hydrolysis of the nicosulfuron sulfonylurea bridge, leading to the production of two major metabolites: 2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine (ADMP) and 2-(aminosulfonyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide (ASDM). One minor metabolite, identified as 2-(1-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-ureido)-N,N-dimethyl-nicotinamide (N3), derived from the cleavage of the C-S bond of the sulfonylurea bridge and contraction by elimination of sulfur dioxide. A last metabolite (N4), detected in trace amount, was assigned to 2-(4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-nicotinamide (N4), resulting from the hydrolysis of the N3 urea function. Although fungal growth was unaffected by nicosulfuron, its laccase activity was significantly impaired regardless of lifestyle. Leaf and wood surfaces being good substrata for biofilm development in rivers, P. cucumerina AR1 strain could thus have potential as an efficient candidate for the development of methods aiming to reduce contamination by nicosulfuron in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Carles
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florent Rossi
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Besse-Hoggan
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Blavignac
- Centre Imagerie Cellulaire Santé, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA PARTNER), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martin Leremboure
- Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, CNRS, Sigma Clermont, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joan Artigas
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Batisson
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, CNRS, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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64
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Gonçalves AL, Carvalho A, Bärlocher F, Canhoto C. Are fungal strains from salinized streams adapted to salt-rich conditions? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 374:rstb.2018.0018. [PMID: 30509917 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic salinization of freshwater is a global problem with largely unknown consequences for stream functions. We compared the effects of salt addition (6 g l-1 NaCl) in microcosms on leaf mass loss and microbial parameters in single- and multispecies assemblages of fungal strains (Heliscus lugdunensis, HELU; Tetracladium marchalianum, TEMA; Flagellospora curta, FLCU) isolated from a reference (R) or salinized (S) stream. Fungal growth and interactions were also assessed. Salinization inhibited leaf decomposition and fungal biomass, but no differences were observed between species, strains or species combinations. Sporulation rates in monocultures were not affected by added salt, but differed among species (FLCU > HELU > TEMA), with S strains releasing more conidia. Fungal assemblages did not differ significantly in total conidia production (either between strains or medium salt concentration). HELU was the dominant species, which also had highest growth and most pronounced antagonistic behaviour. Fungal species, irrespective of origin, largely maintained their function in salinized streams. Strains from salt-contaminated streams did not trade-off conidial production for vegetative growth at high salt levels. The expected reduction of fungal diversity and potential changes in nutritional litter quality owing to salinization may impact leaf incorporation into secondary production in streams.This article is part of the theme issue 'Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Gonçalves
- CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Carvalho
- CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felix Bärlocher
- Department of Biology, Mt. Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada E4L1G7
| | - Cristina Canhoto
- CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Similar recovery time of microbial functions from fungicide stress across biogeographical regions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17021. [PMID: 30451978 PMCID: PMC6242862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining whether the structural and functional stress responses of communities are similar across space and time is paramount for forecasting and extrapolating the consequences of anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems and their services. Stream ecosystems are under high anthropogenic pressure; however, studies have only examined the response of stream communities across large scales over multiple generations. We studied the responses of leaf-associated microbial communities in streams within three European biogeographical regions to chemical stress in a microcosm experiment with multiple cycles of fungicide pollution and resource colonisation. Fungal community composition and the ecosystem function leaf decomposition were measured as response variables. Microbial leaf decomposition showed similar recovery times under environmental levels of fungicide exposure across regions. Initially, the decomposition declined (between 19 and 53%) under fungicide stress and recovered to control levels during the third cycle of pollution and colonisation. Although community composition and its stress response varied between regions, this suggests similar functional community adaptation towards fungicide stress over time. Genetic, epigenetic and physiological adaptations, as well as species turnover, may have contributed to community adaptation but further studies are required to determine if and to which extent these mechanisms are operating. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence of a similar functional response of microbial leaf decomposition to chemical stress across space and time.
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The digestive tract of Phylloicus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) harbours different yeast taxa in Cerrado streams, Brazil. Symbiosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-018-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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67
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Ortiz-Vera MP, Olchanheski LR, da Silva EG, de Lima FR, Martinez LRDPR, Sato MIZ, Jaffé R, Alves R, Ichiwaki S, Padilla G, Araújo WL. Influence of water quality on diversity and composition of fungal communities in a tropical river. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14799. [PMID: 30287878 PMCID: PMC6172213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater fungi are key decomposers of organic material and play important roles in nutrient cycling, bio-remediation and ecosystem functioning. Although aquatic fungal communities respond to pollution, few studies have quantitatively assessed the effect of freshwater contamination on fungal diversity and composition; and knowledge is scarcer for tropical systems. Here we help fill this knowledge gap by studying a heavily-contaminated South American river spanning a biodiversity hotspot. We collected 30 water samples scattered across a quality gradient over two seasons and analyzed them using Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (T-RFLP) coupled with 454 Pyrosequencing. Using T-RFLP we identified 451 and 442 Operational Taxonomy Units (OTUs) in the dry and rainy seasons respectively, whereas Pyrosequencing revealed 48,553 OTUs from which 11% were shared between seasons. Although 68% of all identified OTUs and 51% of all identified phyla remained unidentified, dominant fungal phyla included the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, Zygomycota and Neocallimastigomycota, while Calcarisporiella, Didymosphaeria, Mycosphaerella (Ascomycota) and Rhodotorula (Basidiomycota) were the most abundant genera. Fungal diversity was affected by pH and dissolved iron, while community composition was influenced by dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, biological oxygen demand, total aluminum, total organic carbon, total iron and seasonality. The presence of potentially pathogenic species was associated with high pH. Furthermore, geographic distance was positively associated with community dissimilarity, suggesting that local conditions allowed divergence among fungal communities. Overall, our findings raise potential concerns for human health and the functioning of tropical river ecosystems and they call for improved water sanitation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Patricia Ortiz-Vera
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Olchanheski
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane Gonçalves da Silva
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rezende de Lima
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lina Rocío Del Pilar Rada Martinez
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Zanoli Sato
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Jaffé
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale - Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, 66055-090, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Ronnie Alves
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale - Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, 66055-090, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Simone Ichiwaki
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Padilla
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Welington Luiz Araújo
- NAP-BIOP, LABMEM, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas II, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Du J, Qv M, Zhang Y, Yin X, Wan N, Zhang B, Zhang H. The potential phototoxicity of nano-scale ZnO induced by visible light on freshwater ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:698-706. [PMID: 29894971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been widely applied in anti-bacterial coating, electronic device, and personal care products. NanoZnO is one of the most used materials and its ecotoxicity has been extensively studied. To explore the potential phototoxicity of nanoZnO induced by visible light, we conducted a long-term experiment on litter decomposition of Typha angustifolia leaves with assessment of fungal multifaceted natures. After 158 d exposure, the decomposition rate of leaf litter was decreased by nanoZnO but no additional effect by visible light. However, visible light enhanced the inhibitory effect of nanoZnO on fungal sporulation rate due to light-induced dissolution of nanoZnO. On the contrary, enzymes such as β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and leucine-aminopeptidase were significantly increased by the interaction of nanoZnO and visible light, which led to high efficiency of leaf carbon decomposition. Furthermore, different treatments and exposure time separated fungal community associated with litter decomposition. Therefore, the study provided the evidence of the contribution of visible light to nanoparticle phototoxicity at the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mingxiang Qv
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yin
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Wan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, China
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Priming of leaf litter decomposition by algae seems of minor importance in natural streams during autumn. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200180. [PMID: 30192753 PMCID: PMC6128472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allochthonous detritus of terrestrial origin is one of the main energy sources in forested headwater streams, but its poor nutritional quality makes it difficult to use by heterotrophs. It has been suggested that algae growing on this detritus can enhance its nutritional quality and promote decomposition. So far, most evidence of this "priming effect” is derived from laboratory or mesocosm experiments, and its importance under natural conditions is unclear. We measured accrual of algae, phosphorus uptake capacity, and decomposition of poplar leaves in autumn in open- and closed-canopy reaches in 3 forest and 3 agricultural streams. Chlorophyll a abundance did not change significantly with stream type or with canopy cover, although in some agricultural streams it was higher in open than in closed canopy reaches. Canopy cover did not affect either phosphate uptake capacity or microbial decomposition. On the other hand, although there was no effect of canopy cover on invertebrate fragmentation rate, a significant interaction between canopy cover and stream suggests priming occurs at least in some streams. Overall, the results point to a weak or no priming effect of algae on litter decomposition in natural streams during autumn.
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Page KA, Flannery MK. Microbial Epiphytes of Deep-Water Moss in Crater Lake, Oregon. NORTHWEST SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.3955/046.092.0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A. Page
- Southern Oregon University Department of Biology, 1250 Siskiyou Boulevard, Ashland, Oregon 97520
| | - Meghan K. Flannery
- Southern Oregon University Department of Biology, 1250 Siskiyou Boulevard, Ashland, Oregon 97520
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71
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Jabiol J, Cornut J, Tlili A, Gessner MO. Interactive effects of dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus and litter chemistry on stream fungal decomposers. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2018; 94:5068169. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Jabiol
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, Bât. 4R1, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Julien Cornut
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, 57000 Metz, France
| | - Ahmed Tlili
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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72
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Mansour I, Heppell CM, Ryo M, Rillig MC. Application of the microbial community coalescence concept to riverine networks. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1832-1845. [PMID: 29700966 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Flows of water, soil, litter, and anthropogenic materials in and around rivers lead to the mixing of their resident microbial communities and subsequently to a resultant community distinct from its precursors. Consideration of these events through a new conceptual lens, namely, community coalescence, could provide a means of integrating physical, environmental, and ecological mechanisms to predict microbial community assembly patterns better in these habitats. Here, we review field studies of microbial communities in riverine habitats where environmental mixing regularly occurs, interpret some of these studies within the community coalescence framework and posit novel hypotheses and insights that may be gained in riverine microbial ecology through the application of this concept. Particularly in the face of a changing climate and rivers under increasing anthropogenic pressures, knowledge about the factors governing microbial community assembly is essential to forecast and/or respond to changes in ecosystem function. Additionally, there is the potential for microbial ecology studies in rivers to become a driver of theory development: riverine systems are ideal for coalescence studies because regular and predictable environmental mixing occurs. Data appropriate for testing community coalescence theory could be collected with minimal alteration to existing study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- India Mansour
- Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | | | - Masahiro Ryo
- Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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73
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Sun R, Li W, Dong W, Tian Y, Hu C, Liu B. Tillage Changes Vertical Distribution of Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:699. [PMID: 29686662 PMCID: PMC5900040 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tillage can strongly affect the long-term productivity of an agricultural system by altering the composition and spatial distribution of nutrients and microbial communities. The impact of tillage methods on the vertical distribution of soil microbial communities is not well understood, and the correlation between microbial communities and soil nutrients vertical distributions is also not clear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of conventional plowing tillage (CT: moldboard plowing), reduced tillage (RT: rotary tillage), and no tillage (NT) on the composition of bacterial and fungal communities within the soil profile (0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) using high-throughput sequencing of the microbial 16S/ITS gene. Microbial communities differed by soil properties and sampling depth. Tillage treatment strongly affected the microbial community structure and distribution by soil depth, and changed the vertical distribution of soil bacterial and fungal communities differently. Depth decay of bacterial communities was significantly smaller in CT than in RT and NT, and that of fungal communities were significantly greater in RT than CT and NT. The presence/absence of species was the main contributing factor for the vertical variation of bacterial communities, whereas for fungal communities the main factor was the difference in relative abundance of the species, suggesting niche-based process was more important for bacterial than fungal community in structuring the vertical distribution. Soil total carbon was correlated more with soil bacterial (especially the anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic groups) than with fungal community. These results suggested different roles of bacteria and fungi in carbon sequestration of crop residue and in shaping soil carbon distribution, which might impact on soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yinping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Binbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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Lam TP, Lee TM, Chen CY, Chang JS. Strategies to control biological contaminants during microalgal cultivation in open ponds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 252:180-187. [PMID: 29306613 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biomass is in great demand for many applications, including aquaculture feed. The most suitable system for microalgal culture is open pond cultivation, but it is also highly vulnerable to biological contamination. Contamination greatly reduces the biomass yield and depending on the contaminant, the quality of the biomass as a feed additive is compromised. Five groups of organisms that are the most common contaminants, including grazers, fungi, photosynthetic organisms, bacteria and viruses, are presented and the best possible ways to control these contaminants are indicated. Selection of a fast growing species along with selective technologies previously used for wastewater treatment can keep grazer population in control, while exploiting host-specific characteristic of fungal infection can protect from fungal attacks. Control of photosynthetic organisms and bacteria by good cultivation practices and the use of probiotics are critically important, as these organisms compete with the microalgal culture for sunlight and organic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Energy Technology and Strategy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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75
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Taube R, Ganzert L, Grossart HP, Gleixner G, Premke K. Organic matter quality structures benthic fatty acid patterns and the abundance of fungi and bacteria in temperate lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:469-481. [PMID: 28818662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Benthic microbial communities (BMCs) play important roles in the carbon cycle of lakes, and benthic littoral zones in particular have been previously highlighted as biogeochemical hotspots. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) presents the major carbon pool in lakes, and although the effect of DOM composition on the pelagic microbial community composition is widely accepted, little is known about its effect on BMCs, particularly aquatic fungi. Therefore, we investigated the composition of benthic littoral microbial communities in twenty highly diverse lakes in northeast Germany. DOM quality was analyzed via size exclusion chromatography (SEC), fluorescence parallel factor analyses (PRAFACs) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. We determined the BMC composition and biomass using phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFA) and extended the interpretation to the analysis of fungi by applying a Bayesian mixed model. We present evidence that the quality of DOM structures the BMCs, which are dominated by heterotrophic bacteria and show low fungal biomass. The fungal biomass increases when the DOM pool is processed by microorganisms of allochthonous origin, whereas the opposite is true for bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Taube
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Dept. Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Lars Ganzert
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Dept. Experimental Limnology, 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Dept. Experimental Limnology, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; Potsdam University, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gerd Gleixner
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Premke
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Dept. Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, 12587 Berlin, Germany; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Landscape Biogeochemistry, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
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76
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Follstad Shah JJ, Kominoski JS, Ardón M, Dodds WK, Gessner MO, Griffiths NA, Hawkins CP, Johnson SL, Lecerf A, LeRoy CJ, Manning DWP, Rosemond AD, Sinsabaugh RL, Swan CM, Webster JR, Zeglin LH. Global synthesis of the temperature sensitivity of leaf litter breakdown in streams and rivers. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3064-3075. [PMID: 28039909 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Streams and rivers are important conduits of terrestrially derived carbon (C) to atmospheric and marine reservoirs. Leaf litter breakdown rates are expected to increase as water temperatures rise in response to climate change. The magnitude of increase in breakdown rates is uncertain, given differences in litter quality and microbial and detritivore community responses to temperature, factors that can influence the apparent temperature sensitivity of breakdown and the relative proportion of C lost to the atmosphere vs. stored or transported downstream. Here, we synthesized 1025 records of litter breakdown in streams and rivers to quantify its temperature sensitivity, as measured by the activation energy (Ea , in eV). Temperature sensitivity of litter breakdown varied among twelve plant genera for which Ea could be calculated. Higher values of Ea were correlated with lower-quality litter, but these correlations were influenced by a single, N-fixing genus (Alnus). Ea values converged when genera were classified into three breakdown rate categories, potentially due to continual water availability in streams and rivers modulating the influence of leaf chemistry on breakdown. Across all data representing 85 plant genera, the Ea was 0.34 ± 0.04 eV, or approximately half the value (0.65 eV) predicted by metabolic theory. Our results indicate that average breakdown rates may increase by 5-21% with a 1-4 °C rise in water temperature, rather than a 10-45% increase expected, according to metabolic theory. Differential warming of tropical and temperate biomes could result in a similar proportional increase in breakdown rates, despite variation in Ea values for these regions (0.75 ± 0.13 eV and 0.27 ± 0.05 eV, respectively). The relative proportions of gaseous C loss and organic matter transport downstream should not change with rising temperature given that Ea values for breakdown mediated by microbes alone and microbes plus detritivores were similar at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Follstad Shah
- Environmental and Sustainability Studies/Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - John S Kominoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Marcelo Ardón
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Walter K Dodds
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 16775, Stechlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalie A Griffiths
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Charles P Hawkins
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Sherri L Johnson
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Antoine Lecerf
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, CNRS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Carri J LeRoy
- Environmental Studies Program, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA, 98505, USA
| | - David W P Manning
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Amy D Rosemond
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Christopher M Swan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Jackson R Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Lydia H Zeglin
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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Abstract
The diversity and abundance of zoosporic true fungi have been analyzed recently using fungal sequence libraries and advances in molecular methods, such as high-throughput sequencing. This review focuses on four evolutionary primitive true fungal phyla: the Aphelidea, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, and Rosellida (Cryptomycota), most species of which are not polycentric or mycelial (filamentous), rather they tend to be primarily monocentric (unicellular). Zoosporic fungi appear to be both abundant and diverse in many aquatic habitats around the world, with abundance often exceeding other fungal phyla in these habitats, and numerous novel genetic sequences identified. Zoosporic fungi are able to survive extreme conditions, such as high and extremely low pH; however, more work remains to be done. They appear to have important ecological roles as saprobes in decomposition of particulate organic substrates, pollen, plant litter, and dead animals; as parasites of zooplankton and algae; as parasites of vertebrate animals (such as frogs); and as symbionts in the digestive tracts of mammals. Some chytrids cause economically important diseases of plants and animals. They regulate sizes of phytoplankton populations. Further metagenomics surveys of aquatic ecosystems are expected to enlarge our knowledge of the diversity of true zoosporic fungi. Coupled with studies on their functional ecology, we are moving closer to unraveling the role of zoosporic fungi in carbon cycling and the impact of climate change on zoosporic fungal populations.
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Fungal Contaminants in Drinking Water Regulation? A Tale of Ecology, Exposure, Purification and Clinical Relevance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMCID: PMC5486322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbiological drinking water safety is traditionally monitored mainly by bacterial parameters that indicate faecal contamination. These parameters correlate with gastro-intestinal illness, despite the fact that viral agents, resulting from faecal contamination, are usually the cause. This leaves behind microbes that can cause illness other than gastro-intestinal and several emerging pathogens, disregarding non-endemic microbial contaminants and those with recent pathogenic activity reported. This white paper focuses on one group of contaminants known to cause allergies, opportunistic infections and intoxications: Fungi. It presents a review on their occurrence, ecology and physiology. Additionally, factors contributing to their presence in water distribution systems, as well as their effect on water quality are discussed. Presence of opportunistic and pathogenic fungi in drinking water can pose a health risk to consumers due to daily contact with water, via several exposure points, such as drinking and showering. The clinical relevance and influence on human health of the most common fungal contaminants in drinking water is discussed. Our goal with this paper is to place fungal contaminants on the roadmap of evidence based and emerging threats for drinking water quality safety regulations.
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Dawoud M, Bundschuh M, Goedkoop W, McKie BG. Interactive effects of an insecticide and a fungicide on different organism groups and ecosystem functioning in a stream detrital food web. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:215-221. [PMID: 28324829 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are often affected by cocktails of multiple pesticides targeting different organism groups. Prediction and evaluation of the ecosystem-level effects of these mixtures is complicated by the potential not only for interactions among the pesticides themselves, but also for the pesticides to alter biotic interactions across trophic levels. In a stream microcosm experiment, we investigated the effects of two pesticides targeting two organism groups (the insecticide lindane and fungicide azoxystrobin) on the functioning of a model stream detrital food web consisting of a detritivore (Ispoda: Asellus aquaticus) and microbes (an assemblage of fungal hyphomycetes) consuming leaf litter. We assessed how these pesticides interacted with the presence and absence of the detritivore to affect three indicators of ecosystem functioning - leaf decomposition, fungal biomass, fungal sporulation - as well as detritivore mortality. Leaf decomposition rates were more strongly impacted by the fungicide than the insecticide, reflecting especially negative effects on leaf processing by detritivores. This result most like reflects reduced fungal biomass and increased detritivore mortality under the fungicide treatment. Fungal sporulation was elevated by exposure to both the insecticide and fungicide, possibly representing a stress-induced increase in investment in propagule dispersal. Stressor interactions were apparent in the impacts of the combined pesticide treatment on fungal sporulation and detritivore mortality, which were reduced and elevated relative to the single stressor treatments, respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of trophic and multiple stressor interactions to modulate the ecosystem-level impacts of chemicals, highlighting important challenges in predicting, understanding and evaluating the impacts of multiple chemical stressors on more complex food webs in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohab Dawoud
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Low Emission Capacity Building Project, 53 Misr- Helwan Elzerayea Rd., Lo'Lo'at Elmaadi Tower, Entrance C, Floor 5, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Willem Goedkoop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brendan G McKie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences & Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Artigas J, Rossi F, Gerphagnon M, Mallet C. Sensitivity of laccase activity to the fungicide tebuconazole in decomposing litter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:1084-1092. [PMID: 28159304 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the sensitivity of laccase activity to the fungicide tebuconazole (TBZ) in order to seek for new functional toxicity descriptors in aquatic microbial communities associated to decomposing litter. With this aim, we analyzed the sensitivity of laccase from the different microbial components (fungi and bacteria growing separately and in co-existence), as well as that of their corresponding enzyme fractions (cell bound and diffusible), forming microbial communities in Alnus glutinosa leaves. Results show that fungi are pivotal for laccase activity in leaves and that their activity is repressed when they co-exist with bacteria. The sensitivity of laccase activity to the TBZ was only detectable in leaves colonized by fungi separately (Alatospora acuminata populations), but absent in those colonized by bacteria separately and/or mixed fungi plus bacteria. Specifically, the increase of TBZ concentration enhances laccase activity in Alatospora acuminata populations but decreases ergosterol concentration as well as the amount of 18S RNA gene copies. This activity response suggests a detoxification mechanism employed by the fungus in order to reduce TBZ toxicity. Besides, enzyme fractioning showed that laccase activity in the cell bound fraction (76% of the total activity) was sensitive to the fungicide, but not that in the diffusible fraction (24% of total activity). Hence, TBZ would influence laccase activity in the presence of fungal cells but not in enzymes already synthesized in the extracellular space. The present study highlights the importance of the biological complexity level (i. e. population, community, ecosystem) when seeking for appropriate functional ecotoxicity descriptors in aquatic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Artigas
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - F Rossi
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Gerphagnon
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Mallet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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81
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Luo ZL, Bhat DJ, Jeewon R, Boonmee S, Bao DF, Zhao YC, Chai HM, Su HY, Su XJ, Hyde KD. Molecular Phylogeny and Morphological Characterization of Asexual Fungi (Tubeufiaceae) from Freshwater Habitats in Yunnan, China. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2017. [DOI: 10.7872/crym/v38.iss1.2017.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Long Luo
- College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - D. Jayarama Bhat
- Formerly at Department of Botany, Goa University, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Rajesh Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, 80837, Mauritius
| | - Saranyaphat Boonmee
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Dan-Feng Bao
- College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Chang Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Mei Chai
- Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasmic Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong-Yan Su
- College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Xi-Jun Su
- College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
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82
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Emilson CE, Kreutzweiser DP, Gunn JM, Mykytczuk NCS. Leaf-litter microbial communities in boreal streams linked to forest and wetland sources of dissolved organic carbon. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E. Emilson
- Living with Lakes Centre; Laurentian University; 935 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury Ontario P3E 2C6 Canada
| | - David P. Kreutzweiser
- Living with Lakes Centre; Laurentian University; 935 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury Ontario P3E 2C6 Canada
- Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; 1219 Queen Street East Sault Sainte Marie Ontario P6A 2E5 Canada
| | - John M. Gunn
- Living with Lakes Centre; Laurentian University; 935 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury Ontario P3E 2C6 Canada
| | - Nadia C. S. Mykytczuk
- Living with Lakes Centre; Laurentian University; 935 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury Ontario P3E 2C6 Canada
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83
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Carles L, Rossi F, Joly M, Besse-Hoggan P, Batisson I, Artigas J. Biotransformation of herbicides by aquatic microbial communities associated to submerged leaves. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3664-3674. [PMID: 27885582 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leaf microbial communities possess a large panel of enzymes permitting the breakdown of leaf polymers as well as the transformation of organic xenobiotic compounds present in stream waters. This study aims to assess the potential of leaf microbial communities, exhibiting different exposure histories to pesticides (upstream versus downstream), to biotransform three maize herbicides (mesotrione, S-metolachlor, and nicosulfuron) in single and cocktail molecule exposures. The results showed a high dissipation of nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea herbicide) (from 29.1 ± 10.8% to 66 ± 16.2%, day 40) in both single and cocktail exposures, respectively, but not of mesotrione and S-metolachlor. The formation of nicosulfuron metabolites such as ASDM (2-(aminosulfonyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide) and ADMP (2-amino-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine) and the weak sorption (<0.4%) on the leaf matrix confirmed the transformation of this molecule by leaf microorganisms. In addition, the downstream communities showed a greater ability to transform nicosulfuron than the upstream communities suggesting that the exposure history to pesticides is an important parameter and can enhance the biotransformation potential of leaf microorganisms. After 40-day single exposure to nicosulfuron, the downstream communities were also those experiencing the greatest shifts in fungal and bacterial community diversity suggesting a potential adaptation of microorganisms to this herbicide. Our study emphasizes the importance of leaf microbial communities for herbicide biotransformation in polluted stream ecosystems where fungi could play a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Carles
- CNRS, UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63178, Aubière, France.
- Clermont Université, LMGE, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), BP 80026, F-63178, Aubière, France.
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Florent Rossi
- CNRS, UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63178, Aubière, France
- Clermont Université, LMGE, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Muriel Joly
- CNRS, UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63178, Aubière, France
- Clermont Université, LMGE, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Besse-Hoggan
- CNRS, UMR 6296, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), BP 80026, F-63178, Aubière, France
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Batisson
- CNRS, UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63178, Aubière, France
- Clermont Université, LMGE, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joan Artigas
- CNRS, UMR 6023, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), F-63178, Aubière, France
- Clermont Université, LMGE, Université Blaise Pascal-Université d'Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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84
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Fabian J, Zlatanovic S, Mutz M, Premke K. Fungal-bacterial dynamics and their contribution to terrigenous carbon turnover in relation to organic matter quality. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:415-425. [PMID: 27983721 PMCID: PMC5270572 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological functions of fungal and bacterial decomposers vary with environmental conditions. However, the response of these decomposers to particulate organic matter (POM) quality, which varies widely in aquatic ecosystems, remains poorly understood. Here we investigated how POM pools of substrates of different qualities determine the relative contributions of aquatic fungi and bacteria to terrigenous carbon (C) turnover. To this end, surface sediments were incubated with different POM pools of algae and/or leaf litter. 13C stable-isotope measurements of C mineralization were combined with phospholipid analysis to link the metabolic activities and substrate preferences of fungal and bacterial heterotrophs to dynamics in their abundance. We found that the presence of labile POM greatly affected the dominance of bacteria over fungi within the degrader communities and stimulated the decomposition of beech litter primarily through an increase in metabolic activity. Our data indicated that fungi primarily contribute to terrigenous C turnover by providing litter C for the microbial loop, whereas bacteria determine whether the supplied C substrate is assimilated into biomass or recycled back into the atmosphere in relation to phosphate availability. Thus, this study provides a better understanding of the role of fungi and bacteria in terrestrial-aquatic C cycling in relation to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Fabian
- Department Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sanja Zlatanovic
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Michael Mutz
- Department of Freshwater Conservation, BTU-Cottbus Senftenberg, Bad Saarow, Germany
| | - Katrin Premke
- Department Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
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85
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Röhl O, Peršoh D, Mittelbach M, Elbrecht V, Brachmann A, Nuy J, Boenigk J, Leese F, Begerow D. Distinct sensitivity of fungal freshwater guilds to water quality. Mycol Prog 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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86
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Jankowiak R, Bilański P, Paluch J, Kołodziej Z. Fungi associated with dieback of Abies alba seedlings in naturally regenerating forest ecosystems. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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87
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Monard C, Gantner S, Bertilsson S, Hallin S, Stenlid J. Habitat generalists and specialists in microbial communities across a terrestrial-freshwater gradient. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37719. [PMID: 27886241 PMCID: PMC5123577 DOI: 10.1038/srep37719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Observations of distributions of microorganisms and their differences in community composition across habitats provide evidence of biogeographical patterns. However, little is known about the processes controlling transfers across habitat gradients. By analysing the overall microbial community composition (bacteria, fungi, archaea) across a terrestrial-freshwater gradient, the aim of this study was to understand the spatial distribution patterns of populations and identify taxa capable of crossing biome borders. Barcoded 454 pyrosequencing of taxonomic gene markers was used to describe the microbial communities in adjacent soil, freshwater and sediment samples and study the role of biotic and spatial factors in shaping their composition. Few habitat generalists but a high number of specialists were detected indicating that microbial community composition was mainly regulated by species sorting and niche partitioning. Biotic interactions within microbial groups based on an association network underlined the importance of Actinobacteria, Sordariomycetes, Agaricomycetes and Nitrososphaerales in connecting among biomes. Even if dispersion seemed limited, the shore of the lake represented a transition area, allowing populations to cross the biome boundaries. In finding few broadly distributed populations, our study points to biome specialization within microbial communities with limited potential for dispersal and colonization of new habitats along the terrestrial-freshwater continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Monard
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Gantner
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Bertilsson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J. Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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89
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Wurzbacher C, Warthmann N, Bourne E, Attermeyer K, Allgaier M, Powell JR, Detering H, Mbedi S, Grossart HP, Monaghan M. High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany). MycoKeys 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.16.9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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90
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Peter M, Kohler A, Ohm RA, Kuo A, Krützmann J, Morin E, Arend M, Barry KW, Binder M, Choi C, Clum A, Copeland A, Grisel N, Haridas S, Kipfer T, LaButti K, Lindquist E, Lipzen A, Maire R, Meier B, Mihaltcheva S, Molinier V, Murat C, Pöggeler S, Quandt CA, Sperisen C, Tritt A, Tisserant E, Crous PW, Henrissat B, Nehls U, Egli S, Spatafora JW, Grigoriev IV, Martin FM. Ectomycorrhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12662. [PMID: 27601008 PMCID: PMC5023957 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequently encountered symbiont on tree roots is the ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum, the only mycorrhizal species within the largest fungal class Dothideomycetes, a class known for devastating plant pathogens. Here we show that the symbiotic genomic idiosyncrasies of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes are also present in C. geophilum with symbiosis-induced, taxon-specific genes of unknown function and reduced numbers of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. C. geophilum still holds a significant set of genes in categories known to be involved in pathogenesis and shows an increased genome size due to transposable elements proliferation. Transcript profiling revealed a striking upregulation of membrane transporters, including aquaporin water channels and sugar transporters, and mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs) in ectomycorrhiza compared with free-living mycelium. The frequency with which this symbiont is found on tree roots and its possible role in water and nutrient transport in symbiosis calls for further studies on mechanisms of host and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Peter
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Robin A. Ohm
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alan Kuo
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | | | - Emmanuelle Morin
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Matthias Arend
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kerrie W. Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Manfred Binder
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Choi
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Alicia Clum
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Alex Copeland
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Nadine Grisel
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Tabea Kipfer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Erika Lindquist
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Renaud Maire
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Meier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Sirma Mihaltcheva
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Virginie Molinier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Claude Murat
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Stefanie Pöggeler
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Alisha Quandt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA
| | - Christoph Sperisen
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Tritt
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Emilie Tisserant
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Pedro W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7257, F-13288 Marseille, France
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille University, F-13288 Marseille, France
- INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, F-13288 Marseille, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uwe Nehls
- University of Bremen, Botany, Leobenerstr. 2, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Joseph W. Spatafora
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA
| | - Igor V. Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, California 94598, USA
| | - Francis M. Martin
- INRA, UMR INRA-Université de Lorraine ‘Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes', Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, INRA-Nancy, 54280 Champenoux, France
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91
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Purahong W, Wubet T, Lentendu G, Schloter M, Pecyna MJ, Kapturska D, Hofrichter M, Krüger D, Buscot F. Life in leaf litter: novel insights into community dynamics of bacteria and fungi during litter decomposition. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4059-74. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e D-04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Guillaume Lentendu
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Michael Schloter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Research Unit for Environmental Genomics; Ingolstädter Landstr. 1 D-85758 Oberschleissheim Germany
| | - Marek J. Pecyna
- Technische Universität Dresden; International Institute (IHI) Zittau; Markt 23 D-02763 Zittau Germany
| | - Danuta Kapturska
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden; International Institute (IHI) Zittau; Markt 23 D-02763 Zittau Germany
| | - Martin Hofrichter
- Technische Universität Dresden; International Institute (IHI) Zittau; Markt 23 D-02763 Zittau Germany
| | - Dirk Krüger
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - François Buscot
- Department of Soil Ecology; UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 D-06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e D-04103 Leipzig Germany
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92
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Purahong W, Krüger D, Buscot F, Wubet T. Correlations between the composition of modular fungal communities and litter decomposition-associated ecosystem functions. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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93
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Lütz-Meindl U. Micrasterias as a Model System in Plant Cell Biology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:999. [PMID: 27462330 PMCID: PMC4940373 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular freshwater alga Micrasterias denticulata is an exceptional organism due to its complex star-shaped, highly symmetric morphology and has thus attracted the interest of researchers for many decades. As a member of the Streptophyta, Micrasterias is not only genetically closely related to higher land plants but shares common features with them in many physiological and cell biological aspects. These facts, together with its considerable cell size of about 200 μm, its modest cultivation conditions and the uncomplicated accessibility particularly to any microscopic techniques, make Micrasterias a very well suited cell biological plant model system. The review focuses particularly on cell wall formation and composition, dictyosomal structure and function, cytoskeleton control of growth and morphogenesis as well as on ionic regulation and signal transduction. It has been also shown in the recent years that Micrasterias is a highly sensitive indicator for environmental stress impact such as heavy metals, high salinity, oxidative stress or starvation. Stress induced organelle degradation, autophagy, adaption and detoxification mechanisms have moved in the center of interest and have been investigated with modern microscopic techniques such as 3-D- and analytical electron microscopy as well as with biochemical, physiological and molecular approaches. This review is intended to summarize and discuss the most important results obtained in Micrasterias in the last 20 years and to compare the results to similar processes in higher plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Plant Physiology Division, Cell Biology Department, University of SalzburgSalzburg, Austria
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94
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Andrade R, Pascoal C, Cássio F. Effects of inter and intraspecific diversity and genetic divergence of aquatic fungal communities on leaf litter decomposition—a microcosm experiment. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw102. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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95
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Biofilm and Planktonic Bacterial and Fungal Communities Transforming High-Molecular-Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:2288-2299. [PMID: 26850299 PMCID: PMC4959499 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03713-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) are natural components of fossil fuels that are carcinogenic and persistent in the environment, particularly in oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). Their hydrophobicity and tendency to adsorb to organic matter result in low bioavailability and high recalcitrance to degradation. Despite the importance of microbes for environmental remediation, little is known about those involved in HMW-PAH transformations. Here, we investigated the transformation of HMW-PAHs using samples of OSPW and compared the bacterial and fungal community compositions attached to hydrophobic filters and in suspension. It was anticipated that the hydrophobic filters with sorbed HMW-PAHs would select for microbes that specialize in adhesion. Over 33 days, more pyrene was removed (75% ± 11.7%) than the five-ring PAHs benzo[a]pyrene (44% ± 13.6%) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (41% ± 12.6%). For both bacteria and fungi, the addition of PAHs led to a shift in community composition, but thereafter the major factor determining the fungal community composition was whether it was in the planktonic phase or attached to filters. In contrast, the major determinant of the bacterial community composition was the nature of the PAH serving as the carbon source. The main bacteria enriched by HMW-PAHs were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Microbacterium species. This report demonstrates that OSPW harbors microbial communities with the capacity to transform HMW-PAHs. Furthermore, the provision of suitable surfaces that encourage PAH sorption and microbial adhesion select for different fungal and bacterial species with the potential for HMW-PAH degradation.
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96
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Promising approaches towards biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with Ascomycota fungi. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 38:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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97
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Azevedo MM, Guimarães-Soares L, Pascoal C, Cássio F. Copper and zinc affect the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and thiol content in aquatic fungi. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:740-747. [PMID: 26916755 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic hyphomycetes are the major microbial decomposers of plant litter in streams. We selected three aquatic hyphomycete species with different abilities to tolerate, adsorb and accumulate copper and zinc, and we investigated the effects of these metals on H+-ATPase activity as well as on the levels of thiol (SH)-containing compounds. Before metal exposure, the species isolated from a metal-polluted stream (Heliscus submersus and Flagellospora curta) had higher levels of thiol compounds than the species isolated from a clean stream (Varicosporium elodeae). However, V. elodeae rapidly increased the levels of thiols after metal exposure, emphasizing the importance of these compounds in fungal survival under metal stress. The highest amounts of metals adsorbed to fungal mycelia were found in the most tolerant species to each metal, i.e. in H. submersus exposed to copper and in V. elodeae exposed to zinc. Short-term (10 min) exposure to copper completely inhibited the activity of H+-ATPase of H. submersus and V. elodeae, whilst zinc only led to a similar effect on H. submersus. However, at longer exposure times (8 days) the most metal-tolerant species exhibited increased H+-ATPase activities, suggesting that the plasma membrane proton pump may be involved in the acclimation of aquatic hyphomycetes to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Azevedo
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto,4200-319 Porto,Portugal.,Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto,4200-319 Porto,Portugal
| | - L Guimarães-Soares
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal
| | - C Pascoal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal
| | - F Cássio
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal.,Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho,Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga,Portugal
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98
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Quainoo S, Seena S, Graça MAS. Copper tolerant ecotypes of Heliscus lugdunensis differ in their ecological function and growth. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:168-74. [PMID: 26657362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal tolerance in aquatic hyphomycetes varies with the level of pollution at the fungal isolation site. While the focus of previous research has been on the effects of metal exposure on interspecies diversity, intraspecies variation of aquatic hyphomycetes remains largely unexplored. In this study we investigate the effects of Cu on ecological function (litter decomposition) and growth of five strains of Heliscus lugdunensis, isolated from contaminated and un-contaminated streams, in order to examine whether strains are expressed as ecotypes with distinct growth and functional signatures in response to metal stress. When exposed to Cu, strains of H. lugdunensis differed significantly in their litter decomposition and reproductive activity (sporulation) as well as mycelial growth, corresponding to the Cu concentrations at their isolation site. Strains isolated from sites with high Cu concentrations induced the highest litter decomposition or invested most in growth. This study broadens our understanding of Cu pollution in streams, which may lead to evolved adaptations of Cu tolerant ecotypes of H. lugdunensis differing in their ecological function, behaviour and morphology when exposed to metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Quainoo
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Delta Academy, HZ University of Applied Sciences, 4382 NW Vlissingen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sahadevan Seena
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Manuel A S Graça
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, University of Coimbra, PT-3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, PT-3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal.
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99
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Diverse circular replication-associated protein encoding viruses circulating in invertebrates within a lake ecosystem. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 39:304-316. [PMID: 26873065 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last five years next-generation sequencing has become a cost effective and efficient method for identifying known and unknown microorganisms. Access to this technique has dramatically changed the field of virology, enabling a wide range of environmental viral metagenome studies to be undertaken of organisms and environmental samples from polar to tropical regions. These studies have led to the discovery of hundreds of highly divergent single stranded DNA (ssDNA) virus-like sequences encoding replication-associated proteins. Yet, few studies have explored how viruses might be shared in an ecosystem through feeding relationships. Here we identify 169 circular molecules (160 CRESS DNA molecules, nine circular molecules) recovered from a New Zealand freshwater lake, that we have tentatively classified into 51 putatively novel species and five previously described species (DflaCV-3, -5, -6, -8, -10). The CRESS DNA viruses identified in this study were recovered from molluscs (Echyridella menzeisii, Musculium novaezelandiae, Potamopyrgus antipodarum and Physella acuta) and insect larvae (Procordulia grayi, Xanthocnemis zealandica, and Chironomus zealandicus) collected from Lake Sarah, as well as from the lake water and benthic sediments. Extensive diversity was observed across most CRESS DNA molecules recovered. The putative capsid protein of one viral species was found to be most similar to those of members of the Tombusviridae family, thus expanding the number of known RNA-DNA hybrid viruses in nature. We noted a strong association between the CRESS DNA viruses and circular molecules identified in the water and browser organisms (C. zealandicus, P. antipodarum and P. acuta), and between water sediments and undefended prey species (C. zealandicus). However, we were unable to find any significant correlation of viral assemblages to the potential feeding relationships of the host aquatic invertebrates.
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100
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