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Stankevich KS, Schepetkin IA, Goreninskii SI, Lavrinenko AK, Bolbasov EN, Kovrizhina AR, Kirpotina LN, Filimonov VD, Khlebnikov AI, Tverdokhlebov SI, Quinn MT. Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffolds Doped with c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Inhibitors Modulate Phagocyte Activation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5990-5999. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S. Stankevich
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Semen I. Goreninskii
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Evgeniy N. Bolbasov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- National Research Tomsk State University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Victor D. Filimonov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, 61 Lenin Avenue, Barnaul 656049, Russia
| | | | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, 109 Lewis Hall, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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Jun JE, Kulhanek KR, Chen H, Chakraborty A, Roose JP. Alternative ZAP70-p38 signals prime a classical p38 pathway through LAT and SOS to support regulatory T cell differentiation. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/591/eaao0736. [PMID: 31337738 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation activates diverse kinase pathways, which include the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK and p38, the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), and the kinase mTOR. Although TCR stimulation activates the p38 pathway through a "classical" MAPK cascade that is mediated by the adaptor protein LAT, it also stimulates an "alternative" pathway in which p38 is activated by the kinase ZAP70. Here, we used dual-parameter, phosphoflow cytometry and in silico computation to investigate how both classical and alternative p38 pathways contribute to T cell activation. We found that basal ZAP70 activation in resting T cell lines reduced the threshold ("primed") TCR-stimulated activation of the classical p38 pathway. Classical p38 signals were reduced after T cell-specific deletion of the guanine nucleotide exchange factors Sos1 and Sos2, which are essential LAT signalosome components. As a consequence of Sos1/2 deficiency, production of the cytokine IL-2 was impaired, differentiation into regulatory T cells was reduced, and the autoimmune disease EAE was exacerbated in mice. These data suggest that the classical and alternative p38 activation pathways exist to generate immune balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E Jun
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kayla R Kulhanek
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hang Chen
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arup Chakraborty
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Hose M, Günther A, Abberger H, Begum S, Korencak M, Becker KA, Buer J, Westendorf AM, Hansen W. T Cell-Specific Overexpression of Acid Sphingomyelinase Results in Elevated T Cell Activation and Reduced Parasitemia During Plasmodium yoelii Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1225. [PMID: 31214184 PMCID: PMC6554418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) hydrolyzes sphingomyelin to ceramide and is thereby involved in several cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in different cell types. However, the function of ASM in T cells is still not well characterized. Here, we used T cell-specific ASM overexpressing mice (t-ASM/CD4cre) to clarify the impact of cell-intrinsic ASM activity on T cell function in vitro and in vivo. We showed that t-ASM/CD4cre mice exhibit decreased frequencies of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) within the spleen. Enforced T cell-specific ASM expression resulted in less efficient induction of Tregs and promoted differentiation of CD4+CD25− naïve T cells into IFN-γ producing Th1 cells in vitro. Further analysis revealed that ASM-overexpressing T cells from t-ASM/CD4cre mice show elevated T cell receptor (TCR) signaling activity accompanied with increased proliferation upon stimulation in vitro. Plasmodium yoelii infection of t-ASM/CD4cre mice resulted in enhanced T cell activation and was associated with reduced parasitemia in comparison to infected control mice. Hence, our results provide evidence that ASM activity modulates T cell function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hose
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Günther
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hanna Abberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Salina Begum
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Korencak
- Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin A Becker
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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54
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Qu F, Tang J, Peng X, Zhang H, Shi L, Huang Z, Xu W, Chen H, Shen Y, Yan J, Li J, Lu S, Liu Z. Two novel MKKs (MKK4 and MKK7) from Ctenopharyngodon idella are involved in the intestinal immune response to bacterial muramyl dipeptide challenge. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:103-114. [PMID: 30633955 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are a class of evolutionarily conserved signalling intermediates of the MAPK signalling pathway that can be activated by a diverse range of pathogenic stimuli and are crucial for the regulation of host immune defence. In this study, two fish MKK genes (CiMKK4 and CiMKK7) were first identified and characterized from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Similar to other reported MKKs, the present CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 contained a conserved serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain and a canonical dual phosphorylation motif. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 were broadly transcribed in all selected tissues and developmental stages of grass carp. The mRNA expression levels of CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 in the intestine were significantly induced by bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP) challenge in a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Additionally, the stimulatory effects of bacterial MDP on CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 expression in the intestine were inhibited by the bioactive dipeptide β-alanyl-l-histidine (carnosine) and alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) (P < 0.05). Moreover, overexpression analysis revealed that CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 were localized throughout the entire cell and could significantly enhance AP-1 reporter gene activation in HEK293T cells. Taken together, these results provide the first experimental demonstration that CiMKK4 and CiMKK7 are involved in the intestinal immune response to MDP challenge in C. idella, which may provide new insight into the bacterial-induced intestinal inflammation of bony fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianzhou Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Xiangyu Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Liping Shi
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Jinpeng Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410017, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Shuangqing Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China; State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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55
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Openshaw RL, Kwon J, McColl A, Penninger JM, Cavanagh J, Pratt JA, Morris BJ. JNK signalling mediates aspects of maternal immune activation: importance of maternal genotype in relation to schizophrenia risk. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:18. [PMID: 30691477 PMCID: PMC6350402 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Important insight into the mechanisms through which gene-environmental interactions cause schizophrenia can be achieved through preclinical studies combining prenatal immune stimuli with disease-related genetic risk modifications. Accumulating evidence associates JNK signalling molecules, including MKK7/MAP2K7, with genetic risk. We tested the hypothesis that Map2k7 gene haploinsufficiency in mice would alter the prenatal immune response to the viral mimetic polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C), specifically investigating the impact of maternal versus foetal genetic variants. Methods PolyI:C was administered to dams (E12.5), and cytokine/chemokine levels were measured 6 h later, in maternal plasma, placenta and embryonic brain. Results PolyI:C dramatically elevated maternal plasma levels of most cytokines/chemokines. Induction of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α and CXCL3 was enhanced, while CCL5 was suppressed, in Map2k7 hemizygous (Hz) dams relative to controls. Maternal polyI:C administration also increased embryonic brain chemokines, influenced by both maternal and embryonic genotype: CCL5 and CXCL10 levels were higher in embryonic brains from Map2k7 dams versus control dams; for CCL5, this was more pronounced in Map2k7 Hz embryos. Placental CXCL10 and CXCL12 levels were also elevated by polyI:C, the former enhanced and the latter suppressed, in placentae from maternal Map2k7 Hzs relative to control dams receiving polyI:C. Conclusions The results demonstrate JNK signalling as a mediator of MIA effects on the foetus. Since both elevated CXCL10 and supressed CXCL12 compromise developing GABAergic interneurons, the results support maternal immune challenge contributing to schizophrenia-associated neurodevelopmental abnormalities. The influence of Map2k7 on cytokine/chemokine induction converges the genetic and environmental aspects of schizophrenia, and the overt influence of maternal genotype offers an intriguing new insight into modulation of embryonic neurodevelopment by genetic risk. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-019-1408-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Openshaw
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, West Medical Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Jaedeok Kwon
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, West Medical Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alison McColl
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Inflammation and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, West Medical Building, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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56
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Salivary Gland Extract of Kissing Bug, Triatoma lecticularia, Reduces the Severity of Intestinal Inflammation through the Modulation of the Local IL-6/IL-10 Axis. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1924393. [PMID: 30140166 PMCID: PMC6081533 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1924393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triatomines are known for their role as vectors of the causative agent of Chagas disease. The occurrence of an arsenal of molecules in their saliva is able to suppress vertebrate immune responses. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the presence of molecules with therapeutic potential in their saliva is able to constrain inflammation in immune-mediated diseases. Thus, mice were exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water uninterruptedly during 6 consecutive days and treated with T. lecticularia salivary gland extract (SGE) (3, 10, or 30 μg) or vehicle (saline) (n = 6/group). At the highest dose (30 μg), an improvement in clinical outcome and macroscopic aspects of the intestine were observed. This observation was followed by amelioration in histopathological aspects in the colon especially when the doses of 10 and 30 μg were used. Regardless of the concentration used, treatment with T. lecticularia SGE significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the intestine. The production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was positively impacted by the concentrations of 3 and 30 μg. Our results suggest that the presence of molecules in the T. lecticularia SGE is able to attenuate clinical outcome and colon shortening and improve intestinal architecture besides reducing the production of IL-6 and inducing a local production of IL-10 in the intestine.
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57
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Frawley D, Karahoda B, Sarikaya Bayram Ö, Bayram Ö. The HamE scaffold positively regulates MpkB phosphorylation to promote development and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16588. [PMID: 30410052 PMCID: PMC6224500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are conserved signalling cascades in eukaryotes which regulate a myriad of processes in fungi from sexual reproduction to stress responses. These pathways rely on recruitment of three kinases on a scaffold protein to facilitate efficient kinase phosphorylation and subsequent downstream signalling to the nucleus. The model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans utilises a MAPK pathway termed the pheromone module to regulate both development and secondary metabolism. This complex consists of the MAP3K (SteC), MAP2K (MkkB), MAPK (MpkB) and adaptor protein SteD. To date, there has been no scaffold protein identified for this MAPK pathway. In this study, we characterised a protein termed HamE, which we propose as a scaffold that regulates kinase phosphorylation and signalling in the pheromone module. Mass spectrometry analysis and BIFC experiments revealed that HamE physically interacts with both MkkB and MpkB and transiently interacts with SteC. Deletion of hamE or any of the pheromone module kinases results in reduced sporulation and complete abolishment of cleistothecia production. Mutants also exhibited reductions in expression of secondary metabolite gene clusters, including the velvet complex and sterigmatocystin genes. HamE acts as a positive regulator of MpkB phosphorylation, allowing for HamE to subsequently regulate development and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Frawley
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Betim Karahoda
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Özgür Bayram
- Biology Department, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland. .,Maynooth University Human Health Research Institute, Kildare, Ireland.
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58
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Daniel S, Nylander V, Ingerslev LR, Zhong L, Fabre O, Clifford B, Johnston K, Cohn RJ, Barres R, Simar D. T cell epigenetic remodeling and accelerated epigenetic aging are linked to long-term immune alterations in childhood cancer survivors. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:138. [PMID: 30400990 PMCID: PMC6219017 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer treatments have substantially improved childhood cancer survival but are accompanied by long-term complications, notably chronic inflammatory diseases. We hypothesize that cancer treatments could lead to long-term epigenetic changes in immune cells, resulting in increased prevalence of inflammatory diseases in cancer survivors. Results To test this hypothesis, we established the epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles of immune cells from 44 childhood cancer survivors (CCS, > 16 years old) on full remission (> 5 years) who had received chemotherapy alone or in combination with total body irradiation (TBI) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We found that more than 10 years post-treatment, CCS treated with TBI/HSCT showed an altered DNA methylation signature in T cell, particularly at genes controlling immune and inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. DNA methylation remodeling in T cell was partially associated with chronic expression changes of nearby genes, increased frequency of type 1 cytokine-producing T cell, elevated systemic levels of these cytokines, and over-activation of related signaling pathways. Survivors exposed to TBI/HSCT were further characterized by an Epigenetic-Aging-Signature of T cell consistent with accelerated epigenetic aging. To investigate the potential contribution of irradiation to these changes, we established two cell culture models. We identified that radiation partially recapitulated the immune changes observed in survivors through a bystander effect that could be mediated by circulating factors. Conclusion Cancer treatments, in particular TBI/HSCT, are associated with long-term immune disturbances. We propose that epigenetic remodeling of immune cells following cancer therapy augments inflammatory- and age-related diseases, including metabolic complications, in childhood cancer survivors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0561-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Daniel
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Vibe Nylander
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lars R Ingerslev
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Odile Fabre
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Briana Clifford
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Johnston
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney and Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia
| | - Richard J Cohn
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney and Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Randwick, Australia
| | - Romain Barres
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - David Simar
- Mechanisms of Disease and Translational Research, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Wallace Wurth Building East Room 420, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Panum, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Adzavon YM, Zhao P, Ma J, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Liu M, Wang L, Chen D, Abisso TG, Lv B, Wang L, Xie F, Ma X. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to the pathogenesis of benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the lacrimal gland. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:70. [PMID: 30348174 PMCID: PMC6196440 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-018-0284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion (BLEL) is a rare disease observed in the adult population. Despite the growing numbers of people suffering from BLEL, the etiology and mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis remain unknown. Methods In the present study, we used gene and cytokines expression profiling, western blot and immunohistochemistry to get further insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of BLEL of the lacrimal gland. Results The results showed that Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) was the most highly expressed cytokine in BLEL, and its expression positively correlated with the expression of Th2 and Th17 cells cytokines. MIF was found to regulate biological functions and pathways involved in BLEL pathogenesis, such as proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. We also found that MIF promotes fibrosis in BLEL by inducing BLEL fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts as well as the synthesis and the deposit of extracellular matrix in BLEL tissues. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the contribution of MIF to the pathogenesis of BLEL of the lacrimal gland and suggested MIF as a promising therapeutic target for its treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0284-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Mawulikplimi Adzavon
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujuan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzi Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Wang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Danying Chen
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People's Republic of China
| | - Tarekegn Gebreyesus Abisso
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Baobei Lv
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Ophthalmology & Vision Science Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Ma
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing Molecular Hydrogen Research Center, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
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Raja R, Lata S, Trivedi S, Banerjea AC. Serum deprivation/starvation leads to reactivation of HIV-1 in latently infected monocytes via activating ERK/JNK pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14496. [PMID: 30262819 PMCID: PMC6160481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high success rate, antiretroviral therapy does not cure the disease completely due to presence of latent viral reservoirs. Although several studies have addressed this issue earlier, the role of serum starvation/deprivation in HIV-1 latency has not been studied. So, we investigated the role of serum starvation in regulating HIV-1 latency. The impact of serum starvation on HIV-1 latency was assessed in latently infected monocytes U1 and T-cells J1.1. Serum starvation breaks HIV-1 latency in U1 cells. Under similar conditions, J1.1 cells failed to show reactivation of virus. We investigated the involvement of cell death pathway and autophagy during the serum starvation in viral reactivation. Inhibition of these pathways did not affect viral reactivation. Furthermore, other crucial factors like NF-κB, SP1 and AKT did not play any role in regulating viral latency. Here, we report that serum deprivation up-regulates ERK/JNK pathway. This leads to phosphorylation of c-Jun which plays an important role in viral reactivation. Treatment of cells with U0126, an ERK kinase inhibitor, potently inhibited viral replication. In summary, we show that serum starvation leads to reactivation of HIV-1 in latently infected monocytes through the ERK/JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameez Raja
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA
| | - Sneh Lata
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubhendu Trivedi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhil C Banerjea
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
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61
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Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Ola-Davies OE, Asenuga ER, Ajibade TO, Adejumobi OA, Arojojoye OA, Afolabi JM, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Hassan FO, Ochigbo GO, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Yakubu MA. Quercetin attenuates hypertension induced by sodium fluoride via reduction in oxidative stress and modulation of HSP 70/ERK/PPARγ signaling pathways. Biofactors 2018; 44:465-479. [PMID: 30171731 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the silent killers in the world with high mortality and morbidity. The exposure of humans and animals to fluoride and/or fluoride containing compounds is almost inevitable. This study investigated the modulatory effects of quercetin on sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Forty male rats were randomly separated into four groups (n =10). Group A animals served as the control, rats in Group B were exposed to 300 ppm of NaF, Groups C and D animals were exposed to 300 ppm of NaF along with quercetin orally at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg orally by gavage, while NaF was administered in drinking water, respectively, for a week. Administration of NaF caused severe hypertension as indicated with significant increases in the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure, together with prolonged ventricular depolarization (QRS) and the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the heart's electrical cycle (QT) intervals when compared with controls. NaF significantly decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, caused increase in markers of oxidative stress and renal damage when compared with controls. Immunohistochemical staining revealed lower expressions of Hsp70, ERK, and PPARγ in the heart, kidney, and aorta of rats-administered NaF relative to the controls. Together, quercetin co-treatment with NaF restored blood pressure, normalized QRS interval, and improved antioxidant defense system. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(5):465-479, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Jeremiah Moyinoluwa Afolabi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Cell Biology & Physiology track, Integrated Biomedical Sciences PhD, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Grace Onyeche Ochigbo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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Lacroix R, Rozeman EA, Kreutz M, Renner K, Blank CU. Targeting tumor-associated acidity in cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:1331-1348. [PMID: 29974196 PMCID: PMC11028141 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-018-2195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies have changed profoundly the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and bladder cancer. Currently, they are tested in various tumor entities as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapies or targeted therapies. However, only a subgroup of patients benefit from checkpoint blockade (combinations). This raises the question, which all mechanisms inhibit T cell function in the tumor environment, restricting the efficacy of these immunotherapeutic approaches. Serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase, likely reflecting the glycolytic activity of the tumor cells and thus acidity within the tumor microenvironment, turned out to be one of the strongest markers predicting response to checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we discuss the impact of tumor-associated acidity on the efficacy of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy and possible approaches to break this barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Lacroix
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa A Rozeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian U Blank
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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63
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Chaudhary O, Narayan V, Lelis F, Linz B, Watkins M, Veazey R, Aldovini A. Inhibition of p38 MAPK in combination with ART reduces SIV-induced immune activation and provides additional protection from immune system deterioration. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007268. [PMID: 30161247 PMCID: PMC6135519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in immune activation were identified as the most significant difference between AIDS-susceptible and resistant species. p38 MAPK, activated in HIV infection, is key to induction of interferon-stimulated genes and cytokine-mediated inflammation and is associated with some of the pathology produced by HIV or SIV infection in AIDS-susceptible primates. As small molecule p38 MAPK inhibitors are being tested in human trials for inflammatory diseases, we evaluated the effects of treating SIV-infected macaques with the p38 MAPK inhibitor PH-797804 in conjunction with ART. PH-797804 had no side effects, did not impact negatively the antiviral immune response and, used alone, had no significant effect on levels of immune activation and did not reduced the viremia. When administered with ART, it significantly reduced numerous immune activation markers compared to ART alone. CD38+/HLA-DR+ and Ki-67+ T-cell percentages in blood, lymph node and rectal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, PD-1 expression in CD8+ T cells and plasma levels of IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα, IL-6, IP-10, sCD163 and C-reactive protein were all significantly reduced. Significant preservation of CD4+, CD4+ central memory, CD4+/IL-22+ and CD4+/IL-17+ T-cell percentages and improvement of Th17/Treg ratio in blood and rectal mucosa were also observed. Importantly, the addition of PH-797804 to ART initiated during chronic SIV infection reduced immune activation and restored immune system parameters to the levels observed when ART was initiated on week 1 after infection. After ART interruption, viremia rebounded in a similar fashion in all groups, regardless of when ART was initiated. We concluded that the inhibitor PH-797804 significantly reduced, even if did not normalized, the immune activation parameters evaluated during ART treatment, improved preservation of critical populations of the immune system targeted by SIV, and increased the efficacy of ART treatment initiated in chronic infection to levels similar to those observed when initiated in acute infection but did not affect positively or negatively viral reservoirs. The hallmark of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus infection in disease-susceptible species is the progressive decline of the CD4+ T cell population and heightened immune activation, which by itself can contribute to CD4+ T-cell death. The cellular pathway regulated by p38 MAPK, which is activated in HIV and SIV infection, can contribute significantly to immune activation. We tested in SIV-infected macaques a p38 MAPK inhibitor in combination with anti-retroviral therapy. This drug is already being evaluated in humans for treatment of immune activation associated with other diseases. We found that, when combined with antiretroviral therapy, the inhibitor PH-797804 significantly reduced a few parameters of SIV-induced immune activation and improved preservation of critical populations of the immune system targeted by SIV, but did not modulate viral reservoirs. Importantly, the addition of the inhibitor to anti-retroviral therapy during the chronic phase of the infection, which is the time when most HIV-infected individuals initiate treatment, permitted a more significant preservation of the immune system compared to antiretroviral therapy alone that was similar to that observed when anti-retroviral therapy was initiated in the acute phase of the infection, which rarely occurs in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Chaudhary
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Vivek Narayan
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Felipe Lelis
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Brandon Linz
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Meagan Watkins
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Covington LA, United States of America
| | - Ronald Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Division of Comparative Pathology, Covington LA, United States of America
| | - Anna Aldovini
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, and Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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64
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Woo JS, Srikanth S, Kim KD, Elsaesser H, Lu J, Pellegrini M, Brooks DG, Sun Z, Gwack Y. CRACR2A-Mediated TCR Signaling Promotes Local Effector Th1 and Th17 Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 201:1174-1185. [PMID: 29987160 PMCID: PMC6081249 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel regulator 2A (CRACR2A) is expressed abundantly in T cells and acts as a signal transmitter between TCR stimulation and activation of the Ca2+/NFAT and JNK/AP1 pathways. CRACR2A has been linked to human diseases in numerous genome-wide association studies and was shown to be one of the most sensitive targets of the widely used statin drugs. However, the physiological role of CRACR2A in T cell functions remains unknown. In this study, using transgenic mice for tissue-specific deletion, we show that CRACR2A promotes Th1 responses and effector function of Th17 cells. CRACR2A was abundantly expressed in Th1 and Th17 cells. In vitro, deficiency of CRACR2A decreased Th1 differentiation under nonpolarizing conditions, whereas the presence of polarizing cytokines compensated this defect. Transcript analysis showed that weakened TCR signaling by deficiency of CRACR2A failed to promote Th1 transcriptional program. In vivo, conditional deletion of CRACR2A in T cells alleviated Th1 responses to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection and imparted resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Analysis of CNS from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced mice showed impaired effector functions of both Th1 and Th17 cell types, which correlated with decreased pathogenicity. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the requirement of CRACR2A-mediated TCR signaling in Th1 responses as well as pathogenic conversion of Th17 cells, which occurs at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Sonal Srikanth
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kyun-Do Kim
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Heidi Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Yousang Gwack
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
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65
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Kim M, Baek M, Kim DJ. Protein Tyrosine Signaling and its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Carcinogenesis. Curr Pharm Des 2018. [PMID: 28625132 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170616082125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a crucial signaling mechanism that plays a role in epithelial carcinogenesis. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) control various cellular processes including growth, differentiation, metabolism, and motility by activating major signaling pathways including STAT3, AKT, and MAPK. Genetic mutation of PTKs and/or prolonged activation of PTKs and their downstream pathways can lead to the development of epithelial cancer. Therefore, PTKs became an attractive target for cancer prevention. PTK inhibitors are continuously being developed, and they are currently used for the treatment of cancers that show a high expression of PTKs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), the homeostatic counterpart of PTKs, negatively regulate the rate and duration of phosphotyrosine signaling. PTPs initially were considered to be only housekeeping enzymes with low specificity. However, recent studies have demonstrated that PTPs can function as either tumor suppressors or tumor promoters, depending on their target substrates. Together, both PTK and PTP signal transduction pathways are potential therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
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66
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Huang D, Chen J, Yang C, Wang M. TPX2 silencing mediated by joint action of microvesicles and ultrasonic radiation inhibits the migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7627-7635. [PMID: 29620263 PMCID: PMC5983958 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, with its high morbidity, has one of the highest mortality rates among gynecological malignant tumors. Overexpression of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) has been identified in numerous malignant tumors. The present study sought to determine whether TPX2 silencing inhibited the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells, and whether microvesicles‑ and ultrasonic radiation‑mediated small interfering (si)RNA‑TPX2 transfection may improve the therapeutic effect. The SKOV3 cell line, derived from papillary serous cytadenocarcinoma of the human ovary, was selected as a cell model. Cells were divided into five groups: Control, siRNA‑TPX2, siRNA‑TPX2 + microvesicle (M), siRNA‑TPX2 + ultrasonic irradiation (UI), and siRNA‑TPX2 + M + UI. Cell viability was evaluated under the aforementioned conditions via the Cell Counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay. Cell migration and invasion were detected using Transwell assays. The expression levels of associated genes, including epithelial cadherin (E‑cadherin), metalloproteinase inhibitor 2 (TIMP‑2), metastasis associated 1 (MTA1) and matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), were analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting. MMP2 activity was determined using a gelatin zymography assay. The results suggested that TPX2 serves an important role in the development of SKOV3 cells; it is additionally able to inhibit cell migration and invasion by upregulating E‑cadherin and TIMP2, downregulating MMP2 and MTA1, and inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase. The inhibitory effect of siRNA‑TPX2 on SKOV3 cellular metastasis in the presence of microvesicles and ultrasonic radiation was observed to be improved compared with the control. It is proposed that the combination of microvesicles and ultrasonic radiation with TPX2 silencing has the potential to be an effective gene therapy against ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Minzhen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
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67
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Kasuya Y, Umezawa H, Hatano M. Stress-Activated Protein Kinases in Spinal Cord Injury: Focus on Roles of p38. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030867. [PMID: 29543752 PMCID: PMC5877728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) consists of three phases-acute, secondary, and chronic damages-and limiting the development of secondary damage possibly improves functional recovery after SCI. A major component of the secondary phase of SCI is regarded as inflammation-triggered events: induction of cytokines, edema, microglial activation, apoptosis of cells including oligodendrocytes and neurons, demyelination, formation of the astrocytic scar, and so on. Two major stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)-are activated in various types of cells in response to cellular stresses such as apoptotic stimuli and inflammatory waves. In animal models of SCI, inhibition of either JNK or p38 has been shown to promote neuroprotection-associated functional recovery. Here, we provide an overview on the roles of SAPKs in SCI and, in particular, the pathological role of p38 will be discussed as a promising target for therapeutic intervention in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitoshi Kasuya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Umezawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Hatano
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba City, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
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68
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Risco A, Martin-Serrano MA, Barber DF, Cuenda A. p38γ and p38δ Are Involved in T Lymphocyte Development. Front Immunol 2018; 9:65. [PMID: 29434594 PMCID: PMC5796910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathways are essential regulators of the immune response. Particularly, p38γ and p38δ regulate many immune cell functions such as cytokine production, migration, or T cell activation; however, their involvement in immune cell development is largely unknown. Here, we analysed the role of p38 MAPK isoforms p38γ and p38δ in T cell differentiation in the thymus and in lymph nodes, using mice deficient in p38γ, p38δ, or in both. We found that the T cell differentiation program in the thymus was affected at different stages in p38γ-, p38δ-, and p38γ/δ-deficient mice, and also peripheral T cell homaeostasis was compromised. Particularly, p38δ deletion affects different stages of early CD4−CD8− double-negative thymocyte development, whereas lack of p38γ favours thymocyte positive selection from CD4+CD8+ double-positive to CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive cells. Our results identify unreported functions for p38γ and p38δ in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Risco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martin-Serrano
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo F Barber
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cuenda
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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69
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Jia M, Zhu M, Wang M, Sun M, Qian J, Ding F, Chang J, Wei Q. Genetic variants of GADD45A, GADD45B and MAPK14 predict platinum-based chemotherapy-induced toxicities in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25291-303. [PMID: 26993769 PMCID: PMC5041904 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The JNK and P38α pathways play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis, apoptosis and autophagy under genotoxic stresses, but it is unclear whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes in these pathways play a role in platinum-based chemotherapy-induced toxicities in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We genotyped 11 selected, independent, potentially functional SNPs of nine genes in the JNK and P38α pathways in 689 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with platinum-combination chemotherapy regimens. Associations between these SNPs and chemotherapy toxicities were tested in a discovery group of 345 patients and then validated in a replication group of 344 patients. In both discovery and validation groups as well as their pooled analysis, carriers of GADD45B rs2024144T variant allele had a significantly higher risk for severe hematologic toxicity and carriers of MAPK14 rs3804451A variant allele had a significantly higher risk for both overall toxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. In addition, carriers of GADD45A rs581000C had a lower risk of anemia, while carriers of GADD45B rs2024144T had a significantly higher risk for leukocytopenia or agranulocytosis. The present study provides evidence that genetic variants in genes involved in the JNK and P38α pathways may predict platinum-based chemotherapy toxicity outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC. Larger studies of other patient populations are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jia
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Menghong Sun
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ji Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Fudan Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhua Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, 27710, USA
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70
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Sundaraneedi MK, Ammit AJ, Tedla BA, Pearson MS, Loukas A, Keene FR, Collins JG. Tetranuclear Polypyridylruthenium(II) Complexes as Inhibitors and Down-Regulators of Phosphatase Enzymes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu K. Sundaraneedi
- School of Physical; Environmental & Mathematical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Australian Defence Force Academy; Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Alaina J. Ammit
- Woolcock Emphysema Centre; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research; University of Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Life Sciences; University of Technology Sydney; Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Bemnet A. Tedla
- Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics/Australian Institute for Tropical Health & Medicine; James Cook University; Cairns, QLD 4878 Australia
| | - Mark S. Pearson
- Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics/Australian Institute for Tropical Health & Medicine; James Cook University; Cairns, QLD 4878 Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics/Australian Institute for Tropical Health & Medicine; James Cook University; Cairns, QLD 4878 Australia
| | - F. Richard Keene
- Centre for Biodiscovery & Molecular Development of Therapeutics/Australian Institute for Tropical Health & Medicine; James Cook University; Cairns, QLD 4878 Australia
- School of Physical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - J. Grant Collins
- School of Physical; Environmental & Mathematical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Australian Defence Force Academy; Canberra, ACT 2600 Australia
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71
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Peng HZ, Yun Z, Wang W, Ma BA. Dual specificity phosphatase 1 has a protective role in osteoarthritis fibroblast‑like synoviocytes via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8441-8447. [PMID: 28983624 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), a negative regulator of the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, has anti‑inflammatory properties. In the present study, the expression of DUSP1 was investigated in human OA fibroblast‑like synoviocytes (FLSs), human normal FLSs and OA FLSs pretreated with dexamethasone at the mRNA and protein levels. Then, the activation of MAPK pathway proteins and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase‑13 (MMP‑13) and cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) were measured by western blot analysis in the three groups of cells. Dexamethasone induced the expression of DUSP1 and inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathway and reduced the expression of MMP‑13 and COX‑2 in OA FLSs. However, the role of DUSP1 remained unclear. To clarify this, the effects of overexpression of DUSP1 in OA FLSs were determined using a DUSP1‑overexpressing lentivirus. The results demonstrated that overexpression of DUSP1 in OA FLSs inhibited the activation of the MAPK pathway and expression of OA‑associated mediators. The findings of the present study indicate that DUSP1 has a protective role in OA FLSs and may be a potential target in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhi Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Yun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Bao-An Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
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72
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Tuure L, Hämäläinen M, Whittle BJ, Moilanen E. Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 Expression in Inflammatory Conditions Is Downregulated by Dexamethasone: Seminal Role of the Regulatory Phosphatase MKP-1. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:646. [PMID: 28983247 PMCID: PMC5613146 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is an inducible enzyme situated downstream of cyclo-oxygenase-2, promoting the excessive PGE2 production in inflammation. Dexamethasone is known to suppress mPGES-1 but the mechanisms regulating mPGES-1 expression remain poorly known. MKP-1 is a phosphatase controlling the proinflammatory MAP kinase pathways p38 and JNK, thus limiting the inflammatory responses. We have now investigated the role of MKP-1 and MAP kinases p38 and JNK in the regulation of mPGES-1 expression by dexamethasone. Dexamethasone increased MKP-1 and decreased mPGES-1 expression in J774 macrophages and in peritoneal macrophages from wild-type but not from MKP-1 deficient mice. Dexamethasone also reduced p38 and JNK phosphorylation along with enhancement of MKP-1, while inhibition of JNK reduced mPGES-1 expression. These findings were also translated to in vivo conditions as dexamethasone downregulated mPGES-1 expression in paw inflammation in wild-type but not in MKP-1 deficient mice. In conclusion, dexamethasone was found to downregulate mPGES-1 expression through enhanced MKP-1 expression and reduced JNK phosphorylation in inflammatory conditions. The results extend the understanding on the regulation of mPGES-1 expression and highlight the potential of MKP-1 as an anti-inflammatory drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Tuure
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
| | - Brendan J Whittle
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of MedicineLondon, United Kingdom
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere University HospitalTampere, Finland
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73
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Hou L, Gu W, Zhu H, Yao W, Wang W, Meng Q. Spiroplasma eriocheiris induces mouse 3T6-Swiss albino cell apoptosis that associated with the infection mechanism. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:75-85. [PMID: 28889064 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spiroplasma eriocheiris is a novel pathogen similar to the Spiroplasma mirum and also had an ability to infect the newborn mice and caused cataract. Our study was designed to study how S. eriocheiris infects mouse 3T6-Swiss albino cells and to elucidate the cellular molecular pathogenesis of Spiroplasma. FCM analysis and MTT analysis clearly shown that S. eriocheiris could induce 3T6 cell apoptosis and cause cell viability decreased seriously. Immunofluorescence experiments and TEM analysis shown that S. eriocheiris can invade 3T6 cells and form typical inclusion bodies and exhibit vacuolization in vitro. S. eriocheiris-oxytetracycline protection assay show that the infective bacteria already were detected at 1h post infection, and sharply increased at 12h after the bacteria infection. To further study the infection mechanism of S. eriocheiris, global mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling were analyzed after the cells infected with the bacteria. A total of 619 non-redundant annotated transcripts (183 up-regulated and 436 down-regulated) and 22 miRNAs (8 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated) were differential expression after 6h S. eriocheiris infection compared to control group. Integrated analysis shown that homologous genes from differential expression miRNA targets and the differential expression genes of the mRNA microarray were major focused on two important pathways focal adhesion and MAPK signaling pathway. To validate the results of microarray, eight focal adhesion (β-Catenin, Parvin, Grb2 and ERK) and MAPK signaling pathway (FGFR, Grb2, ERK, MKK3, p38 and JNK) genes and the housekeeping gene GAPDH were assayed by qPCR and Western blot to confirm the results. Eight miRNAs (miR-143-3p, miR-214-5p, miR-322-3p, miR-328-5p, miR-351-5p, miR-466h-5p, miR-503-5p and miR-30c-1-3p) and the housekeeping gene U6 miRNA were assayed by qPCR to confirm the results of microarray. All the results help us better understand the infection mechanism of S. eriocheiris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes & Functional Genomics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China.
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Raza A, Crothers JW, McGill MM, Mawe GM, Teuscher C, Krementsov DN. Anti-inflammatory roles of p38α MAPK in macrophages are context dependent and require IL-10. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1219-1227. [PMID: 28877953 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ab0116-009rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK pathway was originally identified as a master regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production by myeloid cells. Numerous drugs targeting this kinase showed promise in preclinical models of inflammatory disease, but so far, none have shown efficacy in clinical trials. The reasons behind this are unclear, but may, in part, be explained by emerging anti-inflammatory functions of this kinase or overly refined selectivity of second-generation pharmacologic inhibitors. Here, we show that p38α signaling in macrophages plays pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in vivo and in vitro, with the outcome depending on the stimulus, output, kinetics, or mode of kinase inhibition (genetic vs. pharmacologic). Different pharmacologic inhibitors of p38 exhibit opposing effects, with second-generation inhibitors acting more specifically but inhibiting anti-inflammatory functions. Functionally, we show that the anti-inflammatory functions of p38α in macrophages are critically dependent on production of IL-10. Accordingly, in the absence of IL-10, inhibition of p38α signaling in macrophages is protective in a spontaneous model of colitis. Taken together, our results shed light on the limited clinical efficacy of drugs targeting p38 and suggest that their therapeutic efficacy can be significantly enhanced by simultaneous modulation of p38-dependent anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Raza
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jessica W Crothers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; and
| | - Mahalia M McGill
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; and
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
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75
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Chen QL, Li CX, Shao B, Gong ZC, Liu H, Ling B, Abasi K, Hu LL, Wang B, Yin XP. Expression of the interleukin-21 and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 in Kimura disease. J Clin Pathol 2017; 70:684-689. [PMID: 28108473 PMCID: PMC5537556 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expressions of interleukin (IL)-21 and phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in Kimura disease (KD) and to correlate the findings with clinical and prognostic variables. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-21 and pERK1/2 was performed in 18 cases of KD and five gender- and age-matched control samples. Clinical data were extracted and patients followed up for a mean period of 32.1 months. RESULTS After a mean follow-up period of 32.1 months (range 1-102 months), recurrence was diagnosed as the end point for seven patients-that is, a 44% (7/16) cumulative recurrence rate. In comparison with gender- and age-matched controls, patients showed strong in situ expressions of IL-21 and pERK1/2, respectively (p<0.05). Patients with strong IL-21 staining intensity and overexpression of pERK1/2 had a lower recurrence rate than those with moderate staining intensity (p=0.049, p=0.019, respectively). However, differences were not statistically significant by gender, age, eosinophils, location, multiplicity, laterality, size, duration and primary outbreak. pERK1/2 was the independent prognostic factor (p=0.020), while age, gender, eosinophils, multiplicity, laterality, size, duration, primary outbreak and expression of IL-21 were not. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the IL-21/pERK1/2 pathway is activated in KD, and pERK1/2 might be considered as a potential prognostic indicator in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Li Chen
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen-Xi Li
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Gong
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Keremu Abasi
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Lu-Lu Hu
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yin
- Oncological Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology School of Xinjiang Medical University, Stomatology Research Institute of Xinjiang Province, Urumqi, China
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Salvador-Bernáldez M, Mateus SB, Del Barco Barrantes I, Arthur SC, Martínez-A C, Nebreda AR, Salvador JM. p38α regulates cytokine-induced IFNγ secretion via the Mnk1/eIF4E pathway in Th1 cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:814-823. [PMID: 28611474 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory processes. We used p38α-conditional, p38β-deficient and p38α/β double-null mouse models to address the role of these two p38 MAPK in CD4+ T cells, and found that p38α deficiency causes these cells to hyperproliferate. Our studies indicate that both p38α and p38β are dispensable for T helper cell type 1 (Th1) differentiation but, by controlling interferon (IFN)γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α production, are critical for normal Th1 effector function. We found that both p38α and p38β modulate T-cell receptor-induced IFNγ and TNFα production, whereas only p38α regulates cytokine-induced IFNγ production. The lack of p38α and p38β did not affect transcription and mRNA stability of Ifng. However, the absence of p38α in Th1 cells resulted in a decreased MNK1 phosphorylation after cytokine activation, and MNK1 inhibition blocked IFNγ production. Our results indicate that p38α regulates IFNγ secretion through the activation of the MNK1/eIF4E pathway of translation initiation and identify specific functions for p38α and p38β in T-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara B Mateus
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Del Barco Barrantes
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simon C Arthur
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Carlos Martínez-A
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. LLuis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Effects of milk product intake on thigh muscle strength and NFKB gene methylation during home-based interval walking training in older women: A randomized, controlled pilot study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176757. [PMID: 28520754 PMCID: PMC5435182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle atrophy with aging is closely associated with chronic systemic inflammation and lifestyle-related diseases. In the present study, we assessed whether post-exercise milk product intake during 5-month interval walking training (IWT) enhanced the increase in thigh muscle strength and ameliorated susceptibility to inflammation in older women. Methods Subjects [n = 37, 66±5 (standard deviation) yrs] who had been performing IWT for >6 months participated in this study. They were randomly divided into the following 3 groups: IWT alone (CNT, n = 12), IWT + low-dose post-exercise milk product intake (LD, n = 12; 4 g protein and 3 g carbohydrate) or IWT + a 3-times higher dose of milk product intake than the LD group (HD, n = 13). They were instructed to repeat ≥5 sets of fast and slow walking for 3 min each at ≥70% and 40% peak aerobic capacity for walking, respectively, per day for ≥4 days/week. Results After IWT, thigh muscle strength increased in the HD group (8±2%) more than in the CNT group (-2±3%, P = 0.022), despite similar IWT achievements between the groups (P>0.15). Pyrosequencing analysis using whole blood showed that methylation of NFKB1 and NFKB2, master genes of inflammation, was enhanced in the HD group (29±7% and 44±11%, respectively) more than in the CNT group (-20±6% and -10±6%, respectively; P<0.001). Moreover, the genome-wide DNA methylation analysis showed that several inflammation-related genes were hyper-methylated in the HD group compared with that in the CNT group, suggesting greater pro-inflammatory cytokine gene suppression in the HD group. Conclusion HD milk product intake after exercise produced a greater percent increase in thigh muscle strength and NFKB1 and NFKB2 gene methylation during IWT in physically active older women. Trial registration UMIN-CTR No. UMIN000024544 and No. UMIN000024912
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78
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Akahane K, Li Z, Etchin J, Berezovskaya A, Gjini E, Masse CE, Miao W, Rocnik J, Kapeller R, Greenwood JR, Tiv H, Sanda T, Weinstock DM, Look AT. Anti-leukaemic activity of the TYK2 selective inhibitor NDI-031301 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2017; 177:271-282. [PMID: 28295194 PMCID: PMC5384871 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Activation of tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) contributes to the aberrant survival of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) cells. Here we demonstrate the anti-leukaemic activity of a novel TYK2 inhibitor, NDI-031301. NDI-031301 is a potent and selective inhibitor of TYK2 that induced robust growth inhibition of human T-ALL cell lines. NDI-031301 treatment of human T-ALL cell lines resulted in induction of apoptosis that was not observed with the JAK inhibitors tofacitinib and baricitinib. Further investigation revealed that NDI-031301 treatment uniquely leads to activation of three mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), resulting in phosphorylation of ERK, SAPK/JNK and p38 MAPK coincident with PARP cleavage. Activation of p38 MAPK occurred within 1 h of NDI-031301 treatment and was responsible for NDI-031301-induced T-ALL cell death, as pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK partially rescued apoptosis induced by TYK2 inhibitor. Finally, daily oral administration of NDI-031301 at 100 mg/kg bid to immunodeficient mice engrafted with KOPT-K1 T-ALL cells was well tolerated, and led to decreased tumour burden and a significant survival benefit. These results support selective inhibition of TYK2 as a promising potential therapeutic strategy for T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02216, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02216, USA
| | - Julia Etchin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02216, USA
| | - Alla Berezovskaya
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02216, USA
| | - Evisa Gjini
- Center for Immuno - Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02216, USA
| | | | - Wenyan Miao
- Nimbus Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hong Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutics Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M. Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02216, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02216, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Qu T, Wang E, Jin B, Li W, Liu R, Zhao ZB. 5-Aminosalicylic acid inhibits inflammatory responses by suppressing JNK and p38 activity in murine macrophages. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 39:45-53. [PMID: 28071183 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1274997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), as an anti-inflammatory drug, has been extensively used for the treatment of mild to moderate active ulcerative colitis (UC), but the possible mechanisms of action remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of 5-ASA on the production of inflammatory mediators by murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and determine the underlying pharmacological mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured by Varioskan Flash and IL-6 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay sets. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the level of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The effects of 5-ASA on iNOS, the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), p38 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways were examined using western blotting. RESULTS 5-ASA suppressed the production of NO and IL-6, and also decreased the expression of iNOS in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. 5-ASA inhibited the phosphorylation of JNKs and p38, but did not block NF-κB activation at all doses tested. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results indicated that the anti-inflammatory effect of 5-ASA was mainly regulated by the inhibition of the JNKs, p38 pathways rather than NF-κB pathway. Further research is required to clarify the detailed mechanism of the action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingli Qu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Erbing Wang
- b Chemical and Biological Engineering College of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology , Taiyuan , Shanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Baofen Jin
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , People's Republic of China.,c Fuyong People's Hospital , Shenzhen , Guangdong , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Li
- d Department of Pharmacology , Fenyang College Shanxi Medical University , Fenyang , Shanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiling Liu
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Bao Zhao
- a School of Pharmaceutical Science of Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , Shanxi , People's Republic of China
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Keränen T, Moilanen E, Korhonen R. Suppression of cytokine production by glucocorticoids is mediated by MKP-1 in human lung epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:441-449. [PMID: 28299397 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression is induced by inflammatory factors and serves as an endogenous p38 MAPK suppressor to limit inflammatory response. Glucocorticoids are very effective anti-inflammatory drugs and they are used for the treatment of many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and COPD. We investigated the role of MKP-1 in the inhibition of cytokine production by dexamethasone in human A549 bronchial epithelial cells. We found that dexamethasone increased MKP-1 expression, inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and suppressed TNF and MIP-3α production in A549 cells. Interestingly, the suppression of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and the inhibition of TNF expression by dexamethasone were attenuated in cells, where MKP-1 expression was silenced by siRNA. In conclusion, these data suggest that dexamethasone increases MKP-1 expression and this results in the suppression of p38 MAPK signaling leading to the inhibition of cytokine production in human bronchial epithelial cells. These results point to the role of MKP-1 as an important factor in the therapeutic effects of glucocorticoids in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Keränen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland.
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Qu F, Xiang Z, Li J, Xiao S, Mao F, Qin Y, Zhou Y, Ma H, Yu Z. A molluscan extracellular signal-regulated kinase is involved in host response to immune challenges in vivo and in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:311-319. [PMID: 28159693 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) are a group of highly conserved serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that function as important signaling intermediates in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities, including proliferation, inflammation and cytokine production. However, little is known about the roles of this kinase in mollusk immunity. In this study, we identified a molluscan ERK homolog (ChERK) in the Hong Kong oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) and investigated its biological functions. The open reading frame (ORF) of ChERK encoded a polypeptide of 365 amino acids, with a predicted molecular weight of 41.96 kDa and pI of 6.43. The predicted ChERK protein contained typical characteristic motifs of the ERK family, including a dual threonine-glutamate-tyrosine (TEY) phosphorylation motif and an ATRW substrate binding site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ChERK belonged to the mollusk cluster and shared a close evolutionary relationship with ERK from Crassostrea gigas. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that ChERK expression was detected in all of the examined tissues and stages of embryonic development; its transcript level was significantly induced upon challenge with bacterial pathogens (Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus) in vivo and PAMPs (lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) in vitro. Moreover, ChERK was mainly located in the cytoplasm of HEK293T cells. Taken together, these findings may provide novel insights into the functions of molluscan ERKs, especially their roles in response to immune challenge in oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fufa Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China; Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanping Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingli Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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82
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Pötzl J, Roser D, Bankel L, Hömberg N, Geishauser A, Brenner CD, Weigand M, Röcken M, Mocikat R. Reversal of tumor acidosis by systemic buffering reactivates NK cells to express IFN-γ and induces NK cell-dependent lymphoma control without other immunotherapies. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2125-2133. [PMID: 28195314 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Like other immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells show impaired effector functions in the microenvironment of tumors, but little is known on the underlying mechanisms. Since lactate acidosis, a hallmark of malignant tissue, was shown to contribute to suppression of effective antitumor immune responses, we investigated the impact of tissue pH and lactate concentration on NK-cell functions in an aggressive model of endogenously arising B-cell lymphoma. The progressive loss of IFN-γ production by NK cells observed during development of this disease could be ascribed to decreased pH values and lactate accumulation in the microenvironment of growing tumors. Interestingly, IFN-γ expression by lymphoma-derived NK cells could be restored by transfer of these cells into a normal micromilieu. Likewise, systemic alkalization by oral delivery of bicarbonate to lymphoma-developing mice was capable of enhancing IFN-γ expression in NK cells and increasing the NK-cell numbers in the lymphoid organs where tumors were growing. By contrast, NK-cell cytotoxicity was dampened in vivo by tumor-dependent mechanisms that seemed to be different from lactate acidosis and could not be restored in a normal milieu. Most importantly, alkalization and the concomitant IFN-γ upregulation in NK cells were sufficient to significantly delay tumor growth without any other immunotherapy. This effect was strictly dependent on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Pötzl
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - David Roser
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bankel
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Nadine Hömberg
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Albert Geishauser
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | | | - Michael Weigand
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Universitäts-Hautklinik, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Mocikat
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany.,AG Translationale Molekulare Immunologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
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83
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Keränen T, Hömmö T, Moilanen E, Korhonen R. β 2-receptor agonists salbutamol and terbutaline attenuated cytokine production by suppressing ERK pathway through cAMP in macrophages. Cytokine 2017; 94:1-7. [PMID: 28162907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
β2-receptor agonists are used in the treatment of inflammatory obstructive lung diseases asthma and COPD as a symptomatic remedy, but they have been suggested to possess anti-inflammatory properties, also. β2-receptor activation is considered to lead to the activation of ERK pathway through G-protein- and cAMP-independent mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of β2-receptor agonists salbutamol and terbutaline on the production of inflammatory factors in macrophages. We found that β2-receptor agonists inhibited LPS-induced ERK phosphorylation and the production of MCP-1. A chemical cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP also inhibited ERK phosphorylation and TNF and MCP-1 release. As expected, MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor PD0325901 inhibited ERK phosphorylation and suppressed both TNF and MCP-1 production. In conclusion, we suggest that β2-receptor agonists salbutamol and terbutaline inhibit inflammatory gene expression partly by a mechanism dependent on cAMP leading to the inhibition of ERK signaling in macrophages. Observed anti-inflammatory effects of β2-receptor agonists may contribute to the clinical effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina Keränen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuija Hömmö
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine, and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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84
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Molecular Genetic and Epigenetic Basis of Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 958:65-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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85
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p38α has an important role in antigen cross-presentation by dendritic cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2016; 15:246-259. [PMID: 27867197 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the p38 signaling pathway in the innate and adaptive immune responses has been well documented, especially in inflammatory cytokine production by dendritic cells (DCs). However, whether the p38 signaling pathway affects the important antigen (Ag) presentation function of DCs remains largely unknown. In this study, we reported that the deletion of p38α resulted in an impaired cross-presentation ability of CD8+ conventional DCs (cDCs) and a reduction in the direct presentation ability of CD8- cDCs ex vivo. Further study revealed that p38α had a crucial role in Ag processing by CD8+ cDCs but did not affect the Ag uptake or co-stimulation of T cells. Moreover, p38α deficiency led to reduced cross-priming of T cells in vivo. The production of the IL-12p40 and IL-12p70 cytokines by p38α-deficient cDCs was also significantly reduced. Our study identified a new role for p38α in modulating the important antigen cross-presentation function of DCs.
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86
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The Adherent/Invasive Escherichia coli Strain LF82 Invades and Persists in Human Prostate Cell Line RWPE-1, Activating a Strong Inflammatory Response. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3105-3113. [PMID: 27600504 PMCID: PMC5067744 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00438-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherent/invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains have recently been receiving increased attention because they are more prevalent and persistent in the intestine of Crohn's disease (CD) patients than in healthy subjects. Since AIEC strains show a high percentage of similarity to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), neonatal meningitis-associated E. coli (NMEC), and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains, here we compared AIEC strain LF82 with a UPEC isolate (strain EC73) to assess whether LF82 would be able to infect prostate cells as an extraintestinal target. The virulence phenotypes of both strains were determined by using the RWPE-1 prostate cell line. The results obtained indicated that LF82 and EC73 are able to adhere to, invade, and survive within prostate epithelial cells. Invasion was confirmed by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Moreover, cytochalasin D and colchicine strongly inhibited bacterial uptake of both strains, indicating the involvement of actin microfilaments and microtubules in host cell invasion. Moreover, both strains belong to phylogenetic group B2 and are strong biofilm producers. In silico analysis reveals that LF82 shares with UPEC strains several virulence factors: namely, type 1 pili, the group II capsule, the vacuolating autotransporter toxin, four iron uptake systems, and the pathogenic island (PAI). Furthermore, compared to EC73, LF82 induces in RWPE-1 cells a marked increase of phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and of NF-κB already by 5 min postinfection, thus inducing a strong inflammatory response. Our in vitro data support the hypothesis that AIEC strains might play a role in prostatitis, and, by exploiting host-cell signaling pathways controlling the innate immune response, likely facilitate bacterial multiplication and dissemination within the male genitourinary tract.
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87
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Cunningham CA, Cardwell LN, Guan Y, Teixeiro E, Daniels MA. POSH Regulates CD4+ T Cell Differentiation and Survival. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4003-13. [PMID: 27084103 PMCID: PMC4868786 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The scaffold molecule POSH is crucial for the regulation of proliferation and effector function in CD8(+) T cells. However, its role in CD4(+) T cells is not known. In this study, we found that disruption of the POSH scaffold complex established a transcriptional profile that strongly skewed differentiation toward Th2, led to decreased survival, and had no effect on cell cycle entry. This is in stark contrast to CD8(+) T cells in which POSH regulates cell cycle and does not affect survival. Disruption of POSH in CD4(+) T cells resulted in the loss of Tak1-dependent activation of JNK1/2 and Tak1-mediated survival. However, in CD8(+) T cells, POSH regulates only JNK1. Remarkably, each type of T cell had a unique composition of the POSH scaffold complex and distinct posttranslational modifications of POSH. These data indicate that the mechanism that regulates POSH function in CD4(+) T cells is different from CD8(+) T cells. All together, these data strongly suggest that POSH is essential for the integration of cell-type-specific signals that regulate the differentiation, survival, and function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Cunningham
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Leah N Cardwell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Yue Guan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Mark A Daniels
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
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88
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Yun B, Lee H, Jayaraja S, Suram S, Murphy RC, Leslie CC. Prostaglandins from Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α/Cyclooxygenase-1 Pathway and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases Regulate Gene Expression in Candida albicans-infected Macrophages. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7070-86. [PMID: 26841868 PMCID: PMC4807289 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.714873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Candida albicans-infected resident peritoneal macrophages, activation of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2(cPLA2α) by calcium- and mitogen-activated protein kinases triggers the rapid production of prostaglandins I2 and E2 through cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and regulates gene expression by increasing cAMP. InC. albicans-infected cPLA2α(-/-)or COX-1(-/-)macrophages, expression ofI l10,Nr4a2, and Ptgs2 was lower, and expression ofTnfα was higher, than in wild type macrophages. Expression was reconstituted with 8-bromo-cAMP, the PKA activator 6-benzoyl-cAMP, and agonists for prostaglandin receptors IP, EP2, and EP4 in infected but not uninfected cPLA2α(-/-)or COX-1(-/-)macrophages. InC. albicans-infected cPLA2α(+/+)macrophages, COX-2 expression was blocked by IP, EP2, and EP4 receptor antagonists, indicating a role for both prostaglandin I2 and E2 Activation of ERKs and p38, but not JNKs, by C. albicansacted synergistically with prostaglandins to induce expression of Il10,Nr4a2, and Ptgs2. Tnfα expression required activation of ERKs and p38 but was suppressed by cAMP. Results using cAMP analogues that activate PKA or Epacs suggested that cAMP regulates gene expression through PKA. However, phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), the cAMP-regulated transcription factor involved inIl10,Nr4a2,Ptgs2, andTnfα expression, was not mediated by cAMP/PKA because it was similar inC. albicans-infected wild type and cPLA2α(-/-)or COX-1(-/-)macrophages. CREB phosphorylation was blocked by p38 inhibitors and induced by the p38 activator anisomycin but not by the PKA activator 6-benzoyl-cAMP. Therefore, MAPK activation inC. albicans-infected macrophages plays a dual role by promoting the cPLA2α/prostaglandin/cAMP/PKA pathway and CREB phosphorylation that coordinately regulate immediate early gene expression.
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MESH Headings
- 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology
- Animals
- Candida albicans/physiology
- Cyclic AMP/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/immunology
- Cyclooxygenase 1/deficiency
- Cyclooxygenase 1/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 1/immunology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology
- Dinoprostone/biosynthesis
- Epoprostenol/biosynthesis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/deficiency
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/genetics
- Group IV Phospholipases A2/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/microbiology
- Membrane Proteins/deficiency
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/immunology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogeon Yun
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | - HeeJung Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | - Sabarirajan Jayaraja
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | - Saritha Suram
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and
| | | | - Christina C Leslie
- From the Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206 and the Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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89
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Katari SK, Natarajan P, Swargam S, Kanipakam H, Pasala C, Umamaheswari A. Inhibitor design against JNK1 through e-pharmacophore modeling docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 36:558-571. [PMID: 26906522 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1141955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinases (JNKs) come under a class of serine/threonine protein kinases and are encoded by three genes, namely JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3. Human JNK1 is a cytosolic kinase belonging to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, which plays a major role in intracrinal signal transduction cascade mechanism. Overexpressed human JNK1, a key kinase interacts with other kinases involved in the etiology of many cancers, such as skin cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, brain tumors, leukemia, multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Thus, to unveil a novel human JNK1 antagonist, receptor-based pharmacophore modeling was performed with the available eighteen cocrystal structures of JNK1 in the protein data bank. Eighteen e-pharmacophores were generated from the 18 cocrystal structures. Four common e-pharmacophores were developed from the 18 e-pharmacophores, which were used as three-dimensional (3D) query for shape-based similarity screening against more than one million small molecules to generate a JNK1 ligand library. Rigid receptor docking (RRD) performed using GLIDE v6.3 for the 1683 compounds from in-house library and 18 cocrystal ligands with human JNK1 from lower stringency to higher stringency revealed 17 leads. Further to derive the best leads, dock complexes obtained from RRD were studied further with quantum-polarized ligand docking (QPLD), induced fit docking (IFD) and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA). Four leads have showed lesser binding free energy and better binding affinity towards JNK1 compared to 18 cocrystal ligands. Additionally, JNK1-lead1 complex interaction stability was reasserted using 50 ns MD simulations run and also compared with the best resolute cocrystal structure using Desmond v3.8. Thus, the results obtained from RRD, QPLD, IFD and MD simulations indicated that lead1 might be used as a potent antagonist toward human JNK1 in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Kumar Katari
- a Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center , SVIMS University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- a Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center , SVIMS University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Sandeep Swargam
- a Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center , SVIMS University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Hema Kanipakam
- a Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center , SVIMS University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Chiranjeevi Pasala
- a Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center , SVIMS University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
| | - Amineni Umamaheswari
- a Department of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Center , SVIMS University , Tirupati , Andhra Pradesh , India
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90
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Kietzmann T, Mennerich D, Dimova EY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) and Phosphorylation: Impact on Stability, Localization, and Transactivity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:11. [PMID: 26942179 PMCID: PMC4763087 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor α-subunits (HIFα) are key transcription factors in the mammalian response to oxygen deficiency. The HIFα regulation in response to hypoxia occurs primarily on the level of protein stability due to posttranslational hydroxylation and proteasomal degradation. However, HIF α-subunits also respond to various growth factors, hormones, or cytokines under normoxia indicating involvement of different kinase pathways in their regulation. Because these proteins participate in angiogenesis, glycolysis, programmed cell death, cancer, and ischemia, HIFα regulating kinases are attractive therapeutic targets. Although numerous kinases were reported to regulate HIFα indirectly, direct phosphorylation of HIFα affects HIFα stability, nuclear localization, and transactivity. Herein, we review the role of phosphorylation-dependent HIFα regulation with emphasis on protein stability, subcellular localization, and transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of OuluFinland
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91
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of β2-Receptor Agonists Salbutamol and Terbutaline Are Mediated by MKP-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148144. [PMID: 26849227 PMCID: PMC4743993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression is induced by inflammatory factors, and it is an endogenous suppressor of inflammatory response. MKP-1 expression is increased by PDE4 inhibitor rolipram suggesting that it is regulated by cAMP-enhancing compounds. Therefore, we investigated the effect of β2-receptor agonists on MKP-1 expression and inflammatory response. We found that β2-receptor agonists salbutamol and terbutaline, as well as 8-Br-cAMP, increased MKP-1 expression. Salbutamol and terbutaline also inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation and TNF production in J774 mouse macrophages. Interestingly, salbutamol suppressed carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in wild-type mice, but the effect was attenuated in MKP-1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, these data show that β2-receptor agonists increase MKP-1 expression, which seems to mediate, at least partly, the observed anti-inflammatory effects of β2-receptor agonists.
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92
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Ishikura S, Ogawa M, Doi K, Matsuzaki H, Iwaihara Y, Tanaka Y, Tsunoda T, Hideshima H, Okamura T, Shirasawa S. Zfat-deficient CD4⁺ CD8⁺ double-positive thymocytes are susceptible to apoptosis with deregulated activation of p38 and JNK. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:149-57. [PMID: 25169027 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Zfat, which is a nuclear protein harboring an AT-hook domain and 18-repeats of C2H2 zinc-finger motif, is highly expressed in immune-related tissues, including the thymus and spleen. T cell specific deletion of the Zfat gene by crossing Zfat(f/f) mice with LckCre mice yields a significant reduction in the number of CD4(+) CD8(+) double-positive (DP) thymocytes. However, physiological role for Zfat in T cell development in the thymus remains unknown. Here, we found that Zfat-deficient DP thymocytes in Zfat(f/f)-LckCre mice were susceptible to apoptosis both at an unstimulated state and in response to T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation. The phosphorylation levels of p38 and JNK were elevated in Zfat-deficient thymocytes at an unstimulated state with an enhanced phosphorylation of ATF2 and with an over-expression of Gadd45α⋅ On the other hand, the activation of JNK in the Zfat-deficient thymocytes, but not p38, was strengthened and prolonged in response to TCR-stimulation. All these results demonstrate that Zfat critically participates in the development of DP thymocytes through regulating the activities of p38 and JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Ishikura
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan; Central Research Institute for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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93
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Enomoto M, Kizawa D, Ohsawa S, Igaki T. JNK signaling is converted from anti- to pro-tumor pathway by Ras-mediated switch of Warts activity. Dev Biol 2015; 403:162-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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94
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Kang YJ, Bang BR, Otsuka M, Otsu K. Tissue-Specific Regulation of p38α-Mediated Inflammation in Con A-Induced Acute Liver Damage. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4759-66. [PMID: 25888643 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Because p38α plays a critical role in inflammation, it has been an attractive target for the development of anti-inflammation therapeutics. However, p38α inhibitors showed side effects, including severe liver toxicity, that often prevailed over the benefits in clinical studies, and the mechanism of toxicity is not clear. In this study, we demonstrate that p38α regulates the inflammatory responses in acute liver inflammation in a tissue-specific manner, and liver toxicity by p38α inhibitors may be a result of the inhibition of protective activity of p38α in the liver. Genetic ablation of p38α in T and NKT cells protected mice from liver injury in Con A-induced liver inflammation, whereas liver-specific deletion of p38α aggravated liver pathology. We found that p38α deficiency in the liver increased the expression of chemokines to recruit more inflammatory cells, indicating that p38α in the liver plays a protective anti-inflammatory role during acute liver inflammation. Therefore, our results suggest that p38α regulates the inflammatory responses in a tissue-specific manner, and that the tissue-specific p38α targeting strategies can be used for the development of an effective anti-inflammation treatment with an improved side-effect profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Kang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
| | - Bo-Ram Bang
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Motoyuki Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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95
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Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Hammaker D, Kochetkova I, Khlebnikov AI, Lyakhov SA, Firestein GS, Quinn MT. Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Joint Protection in Collagen-Induced Arthritis after Treatment with IQ-1S, a Selective c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 353:505-16. [PMID: 25784649 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.220251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) participate in many physiologic and pathologic processes, including inflammatory diseases. We recently synthesized the sodium salt of IQ-1S (11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime) and demonstrated that it is a high-affinity JNK inhibitor and inhibits murine delayed-type hypersensitivity. Here we show that IQ-1S is highly specific for JNK and that its neutral form is the most abundant species at physiologic pH. Molecular docking of the IQ-1S syn isomer into the JNK1 binding site gave the best pose, which corresponded to the position of cocrystallized JNK inhibitor SP600125 (1,9-pyrazoloanthrone). Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of IQ-1S showed that it inhibited matrix metalloproteinase 1 and 3 gene expression induced by interleukin-1β in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes and significantly attenuated development of murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Treatment with IQ-1S either before or after induction of CIA resulted in decreased clinical scores, and joint sections from IQ-1S-treated CIA mice exhibited only mild signs of inflammation and minimal cartilage loss compared with those from control mice. Collagen II-specific antibody responses were also reduced by IQ-1S treatment. By contrast, the inactive ketone derivative 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one had no effect on CIA clinical scores or collagen II-specific antibody titers. IQ-1S treatment also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in joints and lymph node cells. Finally, treatment with IQ-1S increased the number of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in lymph nodes. Thus, IQ-1S can reduce inflammation and cartilage loss associated with CIA and can serve as a small-molecule modulator for mechanistic studies of JNK function in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Deepa Hammaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Irina Kochetkova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Sergey A Lyakhov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana (I.A.S., L.N.K., I.K., M.T.Q.); Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California (D.H., G.S.F.); Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia (A.I.K.); Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia (A.I.K.); and A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Odessa, Ukraine (S.A.L.)
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96
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Gupta J, Nebreda AR. Roles of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase in mouse models of inflammatory diseases and cancer. FEBS J 2015; 282:1841-57. [PMID: 25728574 PMCID: PMC5006851 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The p38α mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway not only regulates the production of inflammatory mediators, but also controls processes related to tissue homeostasis, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, which are often disrupted during malignant transformation. The versatility of this signaling pathway allows for the regulation of many specific functions depending on the cell type and context. Here, we discuss mouse models that have been used to identify in vivo functions of p38α signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Experiments using genetically modified mice and pharmacological inhibitors support that targeting the p38α pathway could be therapeutically useful for some inflammatory diseases and tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaj Gupta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel R Nebreda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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97
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Hömmö T, Pesu M, Moilanen E, Korhonen R. Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine Production by MKP-5 in Macrophages. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 117:96-104. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuija Hömmö
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Marko Pesu
- Immunoregulation; BioMediTech; University of Tampere; Tampere Finland
- Department of Dermatology and Fimlab Laboratories; Pirkanmaa Hospital District; Tampere Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
| | - Riku Korhonen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group; University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital; Tampere Finland
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98
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LI CHANGYI, YANG LINGCHAO, GUO KAI, WANG YUEPENG, LI YIGANG. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1: A critical phosphatase manipulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in cardiovascular disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1095-102. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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99
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Jiang M, Österlund P, Fagerlund R, Rios DN, Hoffmann A, Poranen MM, Bamford DH, Julkunen I. MAP kinase p38α regulates type III interferon (IFN-λ1) gene expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in response to RNA stimulation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:307-20. [PMID: 25473098 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0114-059rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of viral nucleic acids leads to type I and type III IFN gene expression and activation of host antiviral responses. At present, type III IFN genes are the least well-characterized IFN types. Here, we demonstrate that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in regulating IFN-λ1 gene expression in response to various types of RNA molecules in human moDCs. Inhibition of p38 MAPK strongly reduced IFN gene expression, and overexpression of p38α MAPK enhanced IFN-λ1 gene expression in RNA-stimulated moDCs. The regulation of IFN gene expression by p38 MAPK signaling was independent of protein synthesis and thus, a direct result of RNA stimulation. Moreover, the RIG-I/MDA5-MAVS-IRF3 pathway was required for p38α MAPK to up-regulate IFN-λ1 promoter activation, whereas the MyD88-IRF7 pathway was not needed, and the regulation was not involved directly in IRF7-dependent IFN-α1 gene expression. The stimulatory effect of p38α MAPK on IFN-λ1 mRNA expression in human moDCs did not take place directly via the activating TBK1/IKKε complex, but rather, it occurred through some other parallel pathways. Furthermore, mutations in ISRE and NF-κB binding sites in the promoter region of the IFN-λ1 gene led to a significant reduction in p38α MAPK-mediated IFN responses after RNA stimulation. Altogether, our data suggest that the p38α MAPK pathway is linked with RLR signaling pathways and regulates the expression of early IFN genes after RNA stimulation cooperatively with IRF3 and NF-κB to induce antiviral responses further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Jiang
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Pamela Österlund
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Riku Fagerlund
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Diana N Rios
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Minna M Poranen
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Dennis H Bamford
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- *Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; and Department of Virology, University of Turku, Finland
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100
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The Shigella flexneri OspB effector: an early immunomodulator. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:75-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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