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Mazza MG, Palladini M, Poletti S, Benedetti F. Post-COVID-19 Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Treatment. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:681-702. [PMID: 35727534 PMCID: PMC9210800 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading worldwide over 2 years since its outbreak. The psychopathological implications in COVID-19 survivors such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments are now recognized as primary symptoms of the "post-acute COVID-19 syndrome." Depressive psychopathology was reported in around 35% of patients at short, medium, and long-term follow-up after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms are known to increase fatigue and affect neurocognitive functioning, sleep, quality of life, and global functioning in COVID-19 survivors. The psychopathological mechanisms underlying post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms are mainly related to the inflammation triggered by the peripheral immune-inflammatory response to the viral infection and to the persistent psychological burden during and after infection. The large number of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and the high prevalence of post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms may significantly increase the pool of people suffering from depressive disorders. Therefore, it is essential to screen, diagnose, treat, and monitor COVID-19 survivors' psychopathology to counteract the depression disease burden and related years of life lived with disability. This paper reviews the current literature in order to synthesize the available evidence regarding epidemiology, clinical features, neurobiological underpinning, and pharmacological treatment of post-COVID-19 depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gennaro Mazza
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, 20127, Milan, Italy. .,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. .,PhD Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Mariagrazia Palladini
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d’Ancona 20, 20127 Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892PhD Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d’Ancona 20, 20127 Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d’Ancona 20, 20127 Milan, Italy ,grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Cecon E, Izabelle C, Poder SL, Real F, Zhu A, Tu L, Ghigna MR, Klonjkowski B, Bomsel M, Jockers R, Dam J. Therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonergic drugs on K18-hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12772. [PMID: 34586649 PMCID: PMC8646885 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic grows, several therapeutic candidates are being tested or undergoing clinical trials. Although prophylactic vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to be effective, no definitive treatment exists to date in the event of infection. The rapid spread of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its variants fully warrants the continued evaluation of drug treatments for COVID-19, especially in the context of repurposing of already available and safe drugs. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonergic compounds in attenuating COVID-19 pathogenesis in mice expressing human ACE2 receptor (K18-hACE2), strongly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Daily administration of melatonin, agomelatine, or ramelteon delays the occurrence of severe clinical outcome with improvement of survival, especially with high melatonin dose. Although no changes in most lung inflammatory cytokines are observed, treatment with melatonergic compounds limits the exacerbated local lung production of type I and type III interferons, which is likely associated with the observed improved symptoms in treated mice. The promising results from this preclinical study should encourage studies examining the benefits of repurposing melatonergic drugs to treat COVID-19 and related diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Sophie Le Poder
- UMR VirologieINRAEANSESÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d'AlfortMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Fernando Real
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Aiwei Zhu
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Ly Tu
- School of Medicine Le Kremlin‐BicêtreHôpital Marie Lannelongue, INSERM UMRS 999Université Paris‐SaclayLe Plessis‐RobinsonFrance
| | - Maria Rosa Ghigna
- School of Medicine Le Kremlin‐BicêtreHôpital Marie Lannelongue, INSERM UMRS 999Université Paris‐SaclayLe Plessis‐RobinsonFrance
| | - Bernard Klonjkowski
- UMR VirologieINRAEANSESÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d'AlfortMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | | | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut CochinINSERMCNRSUniversité de ParisParisFrance
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Deng H, Zhao J, Zhao S, Jiang S, Cui G. A graphene-based electrochemical flow analysis device for simultaneous determination of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and melatonin. Analyst 2022; 147:1598-1610. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02318g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A graphene-based electrochemical flow analysis device for simultaneous determination of dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Deng
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shifan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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Qi Z, Cao J, Tao X, Wu X, Kundu SC, Lu S. Silk Fibroin Microneedle Patches for the Treatment of Insomnia. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2198. [PMID: 34959479 PMCID: PMC8704547 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a patient-friendly technology, drug-loaded microneedles can deliver drugs through the skin into the body. This system has broad application prospects and is receiving wide attention. Based on the knowledge acquired in this work, we successfully developed a melatonin-loaded microneedle prepared from proline/melatonin/silk fibroin. The engineered microneedles' morphological, physical, and chemical properties were characterized to investigate their structural transformation mechanism and transdermal drug-delivery capabilities. The results indicated that the crystal structure of silk fibroin in drug-loaded microneedles was mainly Silk I crystal structure, with a low dissolution rate and suitable swelling property. Melatonin-loaded microneedles showed high mechanical properties, and the breaking strength of a single needle was 1.2 N, which could easily be penetrated the skin. The drug release results in vitro revealed that the effective drug concentration was obtained quickly during the early delivery. The successful drug concentration was maintained through continuous release at the later stage. For in vivo experimentation, the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model of insomnia was constructed. The outcome exhibited that the melatonin-loaded microneedle released the drug into the body through the skin and maintained a high blood concentration (over 5 ng/mL) for 4-6 h. The maximum blood concentration was above 10 ng/mL, and the peak time was 0.31 h. This system indicates that it achieved the purpose of mimicking physiological release and treating insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (X.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Jiaxin Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (X.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaosheng Tao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (X.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Xinyi Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (X.T.); (X.W.)
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegrabilities and Biomimetics, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimaraes, Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (X.T.); (X.W.)
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Naveed M, Li LD, Sheng G, Du ZW, Zhou YP, Nan S, Zhu MY, Zhang J, Zhou QG. Agomelatine: An astounding sui-generis antidepressant? Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:943-961. [PMID: 34886787 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211209142546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the foremost causes of disability and premature death worldwide. Although the available antidepressants are effective and well tolerated, they also have many limitations. Therapeutic advances in developing a new drug's ultimate relation between MDD and chronobiology, which targets the circadian rhythm, have led to a renewed focus on psychiatric disorders. In order to provide a critical analysis about antidepressant properties of agomelatine, a detailed PubMed (Medline), Scopus (Embase), Web of Science (Web of Knowledge), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and PsycInfo search was performed using the following keywords: melatonin analog, agomelatine, safety, efficacy, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, circadian rhythm, sleep disorders, neuroplasticity, MDD, bipolar disorder, anhedonia, anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and mood disorders. Agomelatine is a unique melatonin analog with antidepressant properties and a large therapeutic index that improves clinical safety. It is a melatonin receptor agonist (MT1 and MT2) and a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist. The effects on melatonin receptors enable the resynchronization of irregular circadian rhythms with beneficial effects on sleep architectures. In this way, agomelatine is accredited for its unique mode of action, which helps to exert antidepressant effects and resynchronize the sleep-wake cycle. To sum up, an agomelatine has not only antidepressant properties but also has anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Lian-Di Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Gang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Zi-Wei Du
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Sun Nan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
| | - Qi-Gang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166. China
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Melatonin Enhances the Mitochondrial Functionality of Brown Adipose Tissue in Obese-Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091482. [PMID: 34573114 PMCID: PMC8466890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing novel drugs/targets remains a major effort toward controlling obesity-related type 2 diabetes (diabesity). Melatonin controls obesity and improves glucose homeostasis in rodents, mainly via the thermogenic effects of increasing the amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and increases in mitochondrial mass, amount of UCP1 protein, and thermogenic capacity. Importantly, mitochondria are widely known as a therapeutic target of melatonin; however, direct evidence of melatonin on the function of mitochondria from BAT and the mechanistic pathways underlying these effects remains lacking. This study investigated the effects of melatonin on mitochondrial functions in BAT of Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which are considered a model of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At five weeks of age, Zücker lean (ZL) and ZDF rats were subdivided into two groups, consisting of control and treated with oral melatonin for six weeks. Mitochondria were isolated from BAT of animals from both groups, using subcellular fractionation techniques, followed by measurement of several mitochondrial parameters, including respiratory control ratio (RCR), phosphorylation coefficient (ADP/O ratio), ATP production, level of mitochondrial nitrites, superoxide dismutase activity, and alteration in the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Interestingly, melatonin increased RCR in mitochondria from brown fat of both ZL and ZDF rats through the reduction of the proton leak component of respiration (state 4). In addition, melatonin improved the ADP/O ratio in obese rats and augmented ATP production in lean rats. Further, melatonin reduced mitochondrial nitrosative and oxidative status by decreasing nitrite levels and increasing superoxide dismutase activity in both groups, as well as inhibited mPTP in mitochondria isolated from brown fat. Taken together, the present data revealed that chronic oral administration of melatonin improved mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes, while decreasing oxidative and nitrosative stress and susceptibility of adipocytes to apoptosis in ZDF rats, suggesting a beneficial use in the treatment of diabesity. Further research regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of melatonin on diabesity is warranted.
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Chen W, Zhang J, Zheng S, Wang Z, Xu C, Zhang Q, Wu J, Lou H. Metabolite profiling and transcriptome analyses reveal novel regulatory mechanisms of melatonin biosynthesis in hickory. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:196. [PMID: 34465767 PMCID: PMC8408178 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that melatonin regulates the expression of various elements in the biosynthesis and catabolism of plant hormones. In contrast, the effects of these different plant hormones on the biosynthesis and metabolism of melatonin and their underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the melatonin biosynthesis pathway was proposed from constructed metabolomic and transcriptomic libraries from hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) nuts. The candidate pathway genes were further identified by phylogenetic analysis, amino-acid sequence alignment, and subcellular localization. Notably, most of the transcription factor-related genes coexpressed with melatonin pathway genes were hormone-responsive genes. Furthermore, dual-luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays revealed that CcEIN3 (response to ethylene) and CcAZF2 (response to abscisic acid) could activate melatonin biosynthesis pathway genes, a tryptophan decarboxylase coding gene (CcTDC1) and an N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase coding gene (CcASMT1), by directly binding to their promoters, respectively. Our results provide a molecular basis for the characterization of novel melatonin biosynthesis regulatory mechanisms and demonstrate for the first time that abscisic acid and ethylene can regulate melatonin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Chuanmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Heqiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, 311300, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Melatonin: From Neurobiology to Treatment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091121. [PMID: 34573143 PMCID: PMC8468230 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the major regulator of the sleep/wake cycle, also plays important physiological and pharmacological roles in the control of neuronal plasticity and neuroprotection. Accordingly, the secretion of this hormone reaches the maximal extent during brain development (childhood-adolescence) while it is greatly reduced during aging, a condition associated to altered sleep pattern and reduced neuronal plasticity. Altogether, these properties of melatonin have allowed us to demonstrate in both experimental models and clinical studies the great chronobiotic efficacy and sleep promoting effects of exogenous melatonin. Thus, the prolonged release formulation of melatonin, present as a drug in the pharmaceutical market, has been recently recommended for the treatment of insomnia in over 55 years old subjects.
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Palagini L, Manni R, Aguglia E, Amore M, Brugnoli R, Bioulac S, Bourgin P, Micoulaud Franchi JA, Girardi P, Grassi L, Lopez R, Mencacci C, Plazzi G, Maruani J, Minervino A, Philip P, Royant Parola S, Poirot I, Nobili L, Biggio G, Schroder CM, Geoffroy PA. International Expert Opinions and Recommendations on the Use of Melatonin in the Treatment of Insomnia and Circadian Sleep Disturbances in Adult Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:688890. [PMID: 34177671 PMCID: PMC8222620 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.688890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Insomnia and circadian rhythm disorders, such as the delayed sleep phase syndrome, are frequent in psychiatric disorders and their evaluation and management in early stages should be a priority. The aim of this paper was to express recommendations on the use of exogenous melatonin, which exhibits both chronobiotic and sleep-promoting actions, for the treatment of these sleep disturbances in psychiatric disorders. Methods: To this aim, we conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA on the use of melatonin for the treatment of insomnia and circadian sleep disorders in neuropsychiatry. We expressed recommendations for the use of melatonin in psychiatric clinical practice for each disorder using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Results: We selected 41 studies, which included mood disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, autism spectrum disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and delirium; no studies were found for both anxiety and eating disorders. Conclusion: The administration of prolonged release melatonin at 2-10 mg, 1-2 h before bedtime, might be used in the treatment of insomnia symptoms or comorbid insomnia in mood disorders, schizophrenia, in adults with autism spectrum disorders, neurocognitive disorders and during sedative-hypnotics discontinuation. Immediate release melatonin at <1 mg might be useful in the treatment of circadian sleep disturbances of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palagini
- Psychiatry Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Raffaele Manni
- Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Aguglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Psychiatric Clinic University Hospital “Gaspare Rodolico”, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Brugnoli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Bioulac
- University Sleep Clinic, Services of Functional Exploration of the Nervous System, University Hospital of Bordeaux, and USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, University Hospital Pellegrin, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS-UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- Centre des troubles du sommeil - CIRCSom, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Arthur Micoulaud Franchi
- University Sleep Clinic, Services of Functional Exploration of the Nervous System, University Hospital of Bordeaux, and USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, University Hospital Pellegrin, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Grassi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Régis Lopez
- Service de Neurologie, Centre National de Référence Narcolepsie Hypersomnies, Unité des Troubles du Sommeil, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- PSNREC, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudio Mencacci
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Julia Maruani
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Antonino Minervino
- Department of Psychiatry, Italian Society of Psychosomatic Medicine (SIMP), Parma, Italy
| | - Pierre Philip
- University Sleep Clinic, Services of Functional Exploration of the Nervous System, University Hospital of Bordeaux, and USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, University Hospital Pellegrin, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Isabelle Poirot
- Service de psychiatrie adulte, Hôpital Fontan, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lino Nobili
- Department of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Biggio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carmen M. Schroder
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, CNRS-UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre A. Geoffroy
- Département de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hopital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- GHU Paris - Psychiatry & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Paris, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France
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The consumption of wholegrain is related to depressive symptoms among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:126-133. [PMID: 33931771 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wholegrains contribute a range of beneficial nutrients, such as dietary fiber and several minerals and vitamins, that are beneficial to depressive symptoms. However, there are a few studies aimed at exploring whether a wholegrain diet is related to depressive symptoms. We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between wholegrains consumption and depressive symptoms. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total of 24,776 (mean age: 39.9 years, age range: 18.1-91.3 years; males, 54.1%) inhabitants living in Tianjin, China. Wholegrains consumption was assessed using a valid self-administered food frequency questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the cutoff point was set at 45. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the relationship between wholegrains consumption and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.1% and 22.4% in males and females, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounding factors, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of depressive symptoms across wholegrains consumption were 0.77 (0.65-0.91) for <1 time/week, 0.73 (0.62-0.86) for 1 time/week and 0.68 (0.59-0.79) for ≥2 time/week in males compared with the control group (almost never). In females, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.86 (0.71-1.04) for <1 time/week, 0.94 (0.78-1.13) for 1 time/week, and 0.76 (0.65-0.91) for ≥2 time/week. Similar results were observed when we use other cut-offs (SDS ≥ 40 and 50) to define depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study first demonstrated that the higher consumption of wholegrains might have effects on the prevention and improvement of depressive symptoms. Prospective or intervention studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Gao Q, Guo X, Cao Y, Jia X, Xu S, Lu C, Zhu H. Melatonin Protects HT22 Hippocampal Cells from H 2O 2-induced Injury by Increasing Beclin1 and Atg Protein Levels to Activate Autophagy. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:446-454. [PMID: 32838711 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200824105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging of hippocampal neurons leads to a substantial decline in memory formation, storage and processing. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin has been confirmed, however, its protective mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE In this study, mouse hippocampus-derived neuronal HT22 cells were used to investigate whether melatonin protects the hippocampus from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced injury by regulating autophagy. METHODS Rapamycin (an activator of autophagy) and 3-methyladenine (3MA, an inhibitor of autophagy) were used to induce or inhibit autophagy, respectively. HT22 cells were treated with 200 μM H2O2 in the presence or absence of 50 μM melatonin. Cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8), β-galactosidase and Hoechst staining were used to measure the viability, aging and apoptosis of cells, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins. RESULTS The activation of autophagy by rapamycin alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative injury, as evidenced by morphological changes and decreased viability, while the inhibition of autophagy by 3MA exacerbated H2O2- induced injury. The inhibitory effect of melatonin on H2O2-induced injury was similar to that of rapamycin. Melatonin also alleviated H2O2-induced aging and apoptosis. Melatonin activated autophagy in the presence or absence of H2O2, as evidenced by an increased Lc3b 14/16 kd ratio and a decreased P62 level. In addition, H2O2 decreased the levels of Beclin1 and Atg5/12/16, which were reversed by rapamycin or melatonin. The effects of melatonin on H2O2-induced injury, autophagy and protein expressions were effectively reversed by 3MA. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results demonstrate that melatonin protects HT22 hippocampal neurons from H2O2-induced injury by increasing the levels of the Beclin1 and Atg proteins to activate autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaocheng Guo
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaotong Jia
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Bazyar H, Zare Javid A, Bavi Behbahani H, Moradi F, Moradi Poode B, Amiri P. Consumption of melatonin supplement improves cardiovascular disease risk factors and anthropometric indices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:231. [PMID: 33766084 PMCID: PMC7995760 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease. Dyslipidemia and hypertension are two complications that may develop in diabetic patients if hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and weight gain are not controlled. This study investigated the effects of melatonin supplementation on some cardiovascular disease risk factors and anthropometric indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 50 T2DM patients were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups which received two tablets of either melatonin or placebo (250 mg) once a day for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference (WC, HC), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), conicity index, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated in all the patients pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS Melatonin supplementation for 8 weeks significantly decreased the mean levels of SBP, MAP, PP, weight, BMI, WC, HC, BAI, AVI, conicity index, and WHtR post-intervention (p < 0.05). Also, the median changes of SBP, MAP, PP, weight, BMI, WC, HC BAI, AVI, and conicity index were significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). A significant increase (p < 0.001) was observed in the mean levels of ABSI in the intervention group. The median changes of ABSI were significantly greater in the intervention group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Consumption of melatonin supplement may be effective in controlling arterial pressure including SBP, MAP, and PP and anthropometric indices (as predictors of obesity) in T2DM patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20190303042905N1 . Registered on 17 May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Bazyar
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zare Javid
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Bavi Behbahani
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fardin Moradi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Moradi Poode
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parichehr Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Abstract
Investigation of the pathogenesis of alcoholism in humans using different methodological approaches has facilitated detection of important biological factors of consequent metabolic diseases, endocrine disorders, and other medical conditions, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy, alcoholic hypertension, heart and vascular lesions, alcoholic liver disease, alcoholic pancreatitis, etc. Alcohol abuse leads to damage to the nervous system, which can result in neurological and mental disorders, including alcoholic polyneuropathy, psychosis, and alcohol dementia. The complexity and versatility of the harmful effects of regular alcohol consumption on the human body can be considered in the perspective of a chronobiological approach, because alcohol is chronotoxic to biological processes. As a rhythm regulator, melatonin exerts a wide range of different effects: circadian rhythm regulation, thermoregulation, sleep induction, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-stress ones. This review presents from a chronobiological perspective the impact of melatonin on alcohol intoxication in terms of mental disorders, sleep and inflammation, hepatic injury, and mitochondrial function. It discusses the main clinical effects of melatonin on alcohol injury and the main targets as a therapy for alcohol disorders. Chronobiological effects of ethanol are related to melatonin suppression that has been associated with, among others, cancer risk. Exogenous melatonin seems to be a promising hepato- and immune-protector due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which in combination with other medicines makes it useful to prevent alcoholic organ damage. The reason for the scientific interest in melatonin as a treatment for alcoholism is obvious; the number of cases of this pathology that gives rise to metabolic syndrome, and its subsequent transformation into steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis, is increasing worldwide. Melatonin not only exerts antioxidant effects but it exerts various other effects contributing to the management of liver conditions. This review discusses the interaction between normal and pathological processes caused by alcohol consumption and the relationship between alcohol and melatonin in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Słupsk, Poland
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Hardeland R. Divergent Importance of Chronobiological Considerations in High- and Low-dose Melatonin Therapies. Diseases 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 33803450 PMCID: PMC8006026 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has been used preclinically and clinically for different purposes. Some applications are related to readjustment of circadian oscillators, others use doses that exceed the saturation of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 and are unsuitable for chronobiological purposes. Conditions are outlined for appropriately applying melatonin as a chronobiotic or for protective actions at elevated levels. Circadian readjustments require doses in the lower mg range, according to receptor affinities. However, this needs consideration of the phase response curve, which contains a silent zone, a delay part, a transition point and an advance part. Notably, the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) is found in the silent zone. In this specific phase, melatonin can induce sleep onset, but does not shift the circadian master clock. Although sleep onset is also under circadian control, sleep and circadian susceptibility are dissociated at this point. Other limits of soporific effects concern dose, duration of action and poor individual responses. The use of high melatonin doses, up to several hundred mg, for purposes of antioxidative and anti-inflammatory protection, especially in sepsis and viral diseases, have to be seen in the context of melatonin's tissue levels, its formation in mitochondria, and detoxification of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Huang Y, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Zeng L, Yang J, Li Y, Song X, Li H, He H, Li T, Wu K, Yang M, Wu F, Ning Y, Zhang X. Differences in the Association of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms between Medical Staff and the General Population During the Outbreak of COVID-19. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1907-1915. [PMID: 34163164 PMCID: PMC8214107 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), occupational differences were recognized with respect to psychological issues, but there are no reports regarding the insomnia and anxiety comorbidities and their related factors among the general public and medical staff. Our study aimed to compare the prevalence of anxiety and anxiety with insomnia, as well as the relationship between different psychological symptoms between the two groups. METHODS A total of 605 medical staff and 1091 public respondents were assessed through an online questionnaire survey, including the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the somatization subscale of Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7). RESULTS Compared with the general public, medical staff had a higher incidence of anxiety (45.5% vs 32.4%). The incidence of insomnia in anxious participants was 52.7% in medical staff and 44.6% in the general public, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The GAD-7 score and somatization subscore of the SCI-90 were independently associated with insomnia among anxiety participants in both groups (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that during the epidemic period of COVID-19, medical staff experienced more anxiety and anxiety with insomnia. Somatization, anxiety and insomnia are highly correlated among medical staff and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiezhi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Song
- Clinical Psychology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (scUT), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Marelli S, Castelnuovo A, Somma A, Castronovo V, Mombelli S, Bottoni D, Leitner C, Fossati A, Ferini-Strambi L. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep quality in university students and administration staff. J Neurol 2021; 268:8-15. [PMID: 32654065 PMCID: PMC7353829 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Italy, lockdown due to COVID-19 health emergency started on March 10 and partially ended on May 3rd, 2020. There was a significant increase of psychological distress and symptoms of mental illness, and worsening of quality of sleep in the general population. METHODS Participants completed an anonymous web-based survey that include questionnaires about sleep and anxiety and depression symptoms. Our sample included 400 subjects: 307 students (mean age 22.84 ± 2.68) and 93 university administration staff workers (mean age 37.02 ± 12.46). RESULTS we found an increase in Bed Time hour, Sleep Latency, and Wake-Up time between before and during COVID-19 emergency and a worsening of sleep quality and of insomnia symptoms. In particular, during the lockdown, the impact of the delay in Bed Time and in Wake-Up was more pronounced in students. In workers, we observed a prevalence of maintenance insomnia before COVID-19 of 24% that significantly increase during COVID-19 reaching 40%, while workers with difficulties in sleep initiation were only 15% that increased to 42%. In our sample, 27.8% showed depressive symptoms, while 34.3% showed anxious symptoms, in particular in students. CONCLUSION The impact of lockdown was greater in students than in workers, and in females than in males. Concerning the psycho-emotional aspects, about one-third of our sample showed depressive or anxious symptoms. The results of our study may provide support for the implementation of some interventions for well-being in pandemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Castelnuovo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Somma
- Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenza Castronovo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Mombelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Bottoni
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Caterina Leitner
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fossati
- Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology–Sleep Disorders Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy ,Faculty of Psychology, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Yardimci A, Ozdede MR, Kelestimur H. Agomelatine, A Potential Multi-Target Treatment Alternative for Insomnia, Depression, and Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: A Hypothetical Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:654616. [PMID: 34267684 PMCID: PMC8275877 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.654616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia, which is associated with menopausal depression, is a common symptom of menopause. Both symptoms have a common etiology, and can affect each other significantly. Pharmacological interventions, including hypnotics and antidepressants, and non-pharmacological therapies are generally administered in clinical practice for insomnia treatment. As another menopausal disorder, osteoporosis is described as a disease of low bone mineral density (BMD), affecting nearly 200 million women worldwide. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is common among middle-aged women. Since postmenopausal osteoporosis mainly results from low estrogen levels, menopausal hormone therapy (HT) is considered the first-line option for the prevention of osteoporosis during the menopausal period. However, almost no study has evaluated novel treatments for the combined prevention of insomnia, depression, and osteoporosis. Hence, it is necessary to develop new multi-target strategies for the treatment of these disorders to improve the quality of life during this vulnerable period. Melatonin is the major regulator of sleep, and it has been suggested to be safe and effective for bone loss therapy by MT-2 receptor activity. As a result, we hypothesize that agomelatine, an MT-1 and MT-2 receptor agonist and 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, holds promise in the combined treatment of insomnia, depression, and osteoporosis in middle-aged women during menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yardimci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Haluk Kelestimur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Neuroprotective effect of agomelatine in rat model of psychosis: Behavioural and histological evidence. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Shahrokhi M, Ghaeli P, Arya P, Shakiba A, Noormandi A, Soleimani M, Esfandbod M. Comparing the Effects of Melatonin and Zolpidem on Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety in PatientsWithColorectalCancerUndergoingChemotherapy. Basic Clin Neurosci 2021; 12:105-114. [PMID: 33995933 PMCID: PMC8114863 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.12.1.1650.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Patients with cancer may have many complications involving their psychosomatic systems, such as sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety. Thus, many research studies were conducted to reduce these complications. Zolpidem, as a short-term non-benzodiazepine treatment of insomnia, and melatonin as a chronobiological functionregulatory hormone, are commonly used for improving sleep quality. This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effects of zolpidem and melatonin on sleep quality, depression, and anxiety in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: In this single-blinded trial, 90 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy who had obtained a score of 5 or higher on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were randomly divided into two groups (n=45). One group was treated with 10 mg zolpidem at bedtime, and the other group received 6 mg melatonin at bedtime for 30 days. PSQI on weeks 0, 4, 8, Groningen sleep quality scale, Hamilton rating scale for depression, and Hamilton anxiety rating scale questionnaires were performed to assess patients on weeks 0, 4, and 8. The outcome was then analyzed, and P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Both zolpidem and melatonin had significant impacts on sleep quality in week 4 (P<0.05). After stopping the treatments, the conditions were noticeably reversed on week 8 (P<0.05). Zolpidem and melatonin were relatively similar in affecting sleep duration, latency, efficiency, and disturbance. None of the two study medications had any considerable influence on anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Melatonin and zolpidem are promising agents for treating sleep complications and, to some extent, depression, and anxiety in cancer patients, according to the present study. However, further clinical trials are recommended to confirm the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahrokhi
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Padideh Ghaeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Arya
- Department of Psychiatry, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alia Shakiba
- Psychiatry and Psychoogy Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Noormandi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soleimani
- Department of Psychiatry, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Esfandbod
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Juhnevica-Radenkova K, Moreno DA, Ikase L, Drudze I, Radenkovs V. Naturally occurring melatonin: Sources and possible ways of its biosynthesis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:4008-4030. [PMID: 33337029 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to recent reports, the global market for melatonin is worth 700 million USD in 2018 and would reach 2,790 million USD by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 18.9% during 2019 to 2025. Having regard to the prevalence of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders and a clear tendency to increase the demand for melatonin, and the current lack of alternative green and cost-efficient technologies of its synthesis, the supply of this remedy will not be enough to guarantee melatonin supply and affordability on a global scale. The emergence of naturally occurring melatonin and its isomers in fermented foods has opened an exciting new research area; there are still, however, some obscure points in the efficient microbiological biosynthesis of melatonin. This review summarizes the research progress and recent evidence related to melatonin and its isomers in various foodstuffs. Additionally, one possible way to synthesize melatonin is also discussed. The evidence pointed out that the presence of melatonin and its isomers is not exclusive for grapes and grape-derived products, because it can be also found in sweet and sour cherries. However, different species of both Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeasts could be used to obtain melatonin and melatonin isomers in the process of alcoholic fermentation biotechnologically. The availability of L-tryptophan has been a key factor in determining the concentration of indolic compounds produced, and the utilization of probiotic lactic acid bacteria could help in the formation of melatonin isomers during malolactic fermentation. These approaches are environmentally friendly alternatives with a safer profile than conventional ones and could represent the future for sustainable industrial-scale melatonin production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego A Moreno
- Phytochemistry and Healthy Foods Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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Sun R, Wang Y, He H, Wan Y, Li L, Sha J, Jiang G, Li Y, Li T, Ren B. Solubility measurement, solubility behavior analysis and thermodynamic modelling of melatonin in twelve pure solvents from 278.15 K to 323.15 K. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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The circadian machinery links metabolic disorders and depression: A review of pathways, proteins and potential pharmacological interventions. Life Sci 2020; 265:118809. [PMID: 33249097 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are responsible for regulating a number of physiological processes. The central oscillator is located within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and the SCN synchronises the circadian clocks that are found in our peripheral organs through neural and humoral signalling. At the molecular level, biological clocks consist of transcription-translation feedback loops (TTFLs) and these pathways are influenced by transcription factors, post-translational modifications, signalling pathways and epigenetic modifiers. When disruptions occur in the circadian machinery, the activities of the proteins implicated in this network and the expression of core clock or clock-controlled genes (CCGs) can be altered. Circadian misalignment can also arise when there is desychronisation between our internal clocks and environmental stimuli. There is evidence in the literature demonstrating that disturbances in the circadian rhythm contribute to the pathophysiology of several diseases and disorders. This includes the metabolic syndrome and recently, it has been suggested that the 'circadian syndrome' may be a more appropriate term to use to not only describe the cardio-metabolic risk factors but also the associated comorbidities. Here we overview the molecular architecture of circadian clocks in mammals and provide insight into the effects of shift work, exposure to artificial light, food intake and stress on the circadian rhythm. The relationship between circadian rhythms, metabolic disorders and depression is reviewed and this is a topic that requires further investigation. We also describe how particular proteins involved in the TTFLs can be potentially modulated by small molecules, including pharmacological interventions and dietary compounds.
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Ghorbaninejad P, Sheikhhossein F, Djafari F, Tijani AJ, Mohammadpour S, Shab-Bidar S. Effects of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2020; 41:/j/hmbci.ahead-of-print/hmbci-2020-0030/hmbci-2020-0030.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2020-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Previous studies showed that melatonin supplementation may suppress oxidative stress, however, the results have not been consistent. So, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the precise relationship between melatonin supplementation and oxidative stress.
Methods
PubMed and Scopus were searched for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of melatonin supplementation on oxidative stress up to March 2020. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q test and I-square (I
2) statistic. Data were pooled using the random effect model and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the summary effect size. Also, standard methods were used for assessment of sensitivity analysis and publication bias.
Results
We included 15 related articles and our findings indicated that melatonin supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level (SMD: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.81, p=0.011) and reduced protein carbonyl (PCO) (SMD: −1.78, 95% CI: −2.97, −0.58, p=0.004) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (SMD: −0.94, 95% CI: −1.48, −0.40, p=0.001). Additionally, there was considerable effect on TAC level by using ≥20 mg/d melatonin and in people under 35 years old. MDA level also decreased using dosage of below 20 mg/d and in people ≥35 years old.
Conclusions
The present study showed a promising effect of melatonin administration for reducing MDA, PCO, and increasing TAC levels. However, further studies especially with more attention to PCO level assessment are needed to confirm the findings of the present study in larger samples on different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parivash Ghorbaninejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sheikhhossein
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farhang Djafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Aliyu Jibril Tijani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saba Mohammadpour
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Islamic Republic of Iran
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Casaril AM, Domingues M, Lourenço DDA, Vieira B, Begnini K, Corcini CD, França RT, Varela Junior AS, Seixas FK, Collares T, Lenardão EJ, Savegnago L. 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole ameliorates long-lasting depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviors and cognitive impairment in post-septic mice: Involvement of neuroimmune and oxidative hallmarks. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 331:109278. [PMID: 33038329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Only in the last decade the long-term consequences of sepsis started to be studied and even less attention has been given to the treatment of psychological symptoms of sepsis survivors. It is estimated that 60% of sepsis survivors have psychological disturbances, including depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. Although the causative factors remain largely poorly understood, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disturbances, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress have been investigated. Therefore, we sought to explore if the immunomodulatory and antioxidant selenocompound 3-[(4-chlorophenyl)selanyl]-1-methyl-1H-indole (CMI) would be able to ameliorate long-term behavioral and biochemical alterations in sepsis survivors male Swiss mice. CMI treatment (1 mg/kg, given orally for seven consecutive days) attenuated depression- and anxiogenic-like behaviors and cognitive impairment present one month after the induction of sepsis (lipopolysaccharide, 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Meantime, CMI treatment modulated the number of neutrophils and levels of reactive species in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In addition, peripheral markers of liver and kidneys dysfunction (AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine) were reduced after CMI treatment in post-septic mice. Notably, CMI treatment to non-septic mice did not alter AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating the absence of acute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity following CMI treatment. Noteworthy, CMI ameliorated BBB dysfunction induced by sepsis, modulating the expression of inflammation-associated genes (NFκB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IDO, COX-2, iNOS, and BDNF) and markers of oxidative stress (reactive species, nitric oxide, and lipid peroxidation levels) in the prefrontal cortices and hippocampi of mice. In conclusion, we unraveled crucial molecular pathways that are impaired in post-septic mice and we present CMI as a promising therapeutic candidate aimed to manage the long-lasting behavioral alterations of sepsis survivors to improve their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Maria Casaril
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Darling de Andrade Lourenço
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Vieira
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carine Dahl Corcini
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raqueli Teresinha França
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Antônio Sergio Varela Junior
- Center for Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kӧmmling Seixas
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Cancer Biotechnology Laboratory, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- Center of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Laboratory of Clean Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Technological Development Center, Division of Biotechnology, Neurobiotechology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Kumar N, Goyal RN. Simultaneous determination of melatonin and 5-hydroxytrptophan at the disposable poly-(melamine)/poly-(o-aminophenol) composite modified screen printed sensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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76
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Vecchierini MF, Kilic-Huck U, Quera-Salva MA. Melatonin (MEL) and its use in neurological diseases and insomnia: Recommendations of the French Medical and Research Sleep Society (SFRMS). Rev Neurol (Paris) 2020; 177:245-259. [PMID: 32921425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The French Medicine and Research Sleep Society had organized a consensus conference about sleep/wake circadian rhythms and their disorders. During this conference a subgroup of 11 sleep doctors/researchers looked specifically at the use of MEL in different pathologies. This article gives a summary of the main results of MEL therapy in some neurological diseases and insomnia approved by this consensus group. Exogenous MEL, which crosses the blood-brain barrier, has been used as a treatment in its two available forms: an immediate release form that principally shows a chronobiotic action and a long release form that mimics the physiological MEL secretion rhythm and is used to replace reduced physiological secretion. MEL secretion decreases frequently with age, mostly in elderly insomniacs and dementia patients. Results of level A studies show that MEL therapy, used as an add-on treatment, has beneficial effects in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer patients with sleep disorders in improving sleep quality and in regulating the sleep/wake rhythm. MEL has to be prescribed as early as possible and for a long period, at a dose of 2 to 5 or 10 mg. It may have a beneficial effect on cognitive function in MCI but shows no effect in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. It should be emphasized that there are no serious side effects with MEL treatment. In these diseases, light therapy used 12 hours before melatonin treatment has a positive synergic effect. In REM sleep behavior disorder, immediate release MEL should be prescribed first as its side effect profile is much better than clonazepam shortly before bedtime. MEL has a good efficacy on clinical symptoms and PSG REM sleep without atonia episodes and is well tolerated. In Parkinson disease with sleep disorders and without REM sleep behavior disorder, MEL seems to improve subjective sleep quality but no conclusions can be drawn. There is insufficient scientific proof for using MEL as a prophylactic treatment in primary headache, migraine and cluster headache. In epileptic patients, MEL can be safely used to regulate the sleep/wake rhythm and to improve insomnia but more randomized controlled studies are necessary. In primary or no-comorbid insomnia, only a 2 mg dose of slow release MEL, 1 to 2 hours before bedtime, over a period of 3 to 12 weeks, is recommended. It decreases sleep onset latency, improves quality of sleep, morning alertness and quality of life without serious side effects and without withdrawal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Vecchierini
- Sleep Center, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris-Descartes University, 1, place du parvis Jean-Paul II, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - U Kilic-Huck
- Sleep Disorders Center Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg: Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et intégratives, CNRS-UPR 3212, 5, rue Blaise-Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M A Quera-Salva
- Sleep disorders Unit, Departement of Physiology, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, université de Saclay, EA 4047 AP-HP Saclay University, 92380 Garches, France
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Zhao R, Tao L, Qiu S, Shen L, Tian Y, Gong Z, Tao ZB, Zhu Y. Melatonin rescues glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of osteoblast differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells via the PI3K/AKT and BMP/Smad signalling pathways. Life Sci 2020; 257:118044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Zeng L, Yang J, Song X, Rao W, Li H, Ning Y, He H, Li T, Wu K, Chen F, Wu F, Zhang X. Prevalence and Correlation of Anxiety, Insomnia and Somatic Symptoms in a Chinese Population During the COVID-19 Epidemic. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:568329. [PMID: 33005165 PMCID: PMC7485113 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety has been a common mental state during the epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is usually closely related to somatization. However, no study on somatization in anxiety and its relationship with insomnia has been conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence of anxiety, somatization and insomnia and explore the relationships between different psychological states in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS A total of 1,172 respondents were recruited from 125 cities in mainland China by an online questionnaire survey. All subjects were evaluated with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, the somatization subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS The percentages of anxiety, somatization, and insomnia were 33.02%, 7.59%, and 24.66%, respectively. The prevalence of somatization was 19.38% in participants with anxiety. Compared to the anxiety without somatization group, the anxiety with somatization group had a significantly higher percentage of patients with a history of physical disease and insomnia, as well as higher GAD-7 scores and SCL-90 somatization subscores (all p < 0.001). The SCL-90 somatization subscores were positively correlated with age, history of physical disease, GAD-7 scores, and ISI scores (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression showed that GAD-7 score, ISI score, and age were risk factors for somatization in the anxious population. CONCLUSIONS Somatic and psychological symptoms were common in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Somatic symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia are closely related, and improving anxiety and sleep quality may help relieve somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Department of Scientific Research Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiezhi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuli Song
- Clinical Psychology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenwang Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (scUT), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Department of Medical, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Gurunathan S, Kang MH, Kim JH. Role and Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin in the Central Nervous System and Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061567. [PMID: 32545820 PMCID: PMC7352348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a powerful chronobiotic hormone that controls a multitude of circadian rhythms at several levels and, in recent times, has garnered considerable attention both from academia and industry. In several studies, MLT has been discussed as a potent neuroprotectant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative agent with no serious undesired side effects. These characteristics raise hopes that it could be used in humans for central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. MLT is mainly secreted in the mammalian pineal gland during the dark phase, and it is associated with circadian rhythms. However, the production of MLT is not only restricted to the pineal gland; it also occurs in the retina, Harderian glands, gut, ovary, testes, bone marrow, and lens. Although most studies are limited to investigating the role of MLT in the CNS and related disorders, we explored a considerable amount of the existing literature. The objectives of this comprehensive review were to evaluate the impact of MLT on the CNS from the published literature, specifically to address the biological functions and potential mechanism of action of MLT in the CNS. We document the effectiveness of MLT in various animal models of brain injury and its curative effects in humans. Furthermore, this review discusses the synthesis, biology, function, and role of MLT in brain damage, and as a neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer agent through a collection of experimental evidence. Finally, it focuses on the effect of MLT on several neurological diseases, particularly CNS-related injuries.
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Norouzi A, Fateh S, Modir H, Kamali A, Akrami L. Premedication effect of melatonin on propofol induction dose for anesthesia, anxiety, orientation and sedation after abdominal surgery: a double-blinded randomized trial. Med Gas Res 2020; 9:62-67. [PMID: 31249253 PMCID: PMC6607868 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.260646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study addressed the effect of melatonin premedication on propofol induction dose for anesthesia in abdominal surgery. This is a double-blinded clinical trial in which abdominal surgery patients admitted to the Valiasr Hospital, Iran (n = 88) were enrolled and individually randomized into two groups: melatonin and placebo groups sublingually administered 3 mg of melatonin and placebo, respectively, 50 minutes before surgery. Their anxiety, orientation, and sedation were recorded before melatonin administration, anesthesia induction, and recovery, while we also recorded the propofol induction dose required for general anesthesia. Anxiety was seen less in the melatonin group than the placebo group (P < 0.05), whereas orientation was significantly different before anesthesia induction (P = 0.044) and sedation was the same before the induction (P = 0.044) and recovery (P = 0.049) in both groups, with a better efficiency in the melatonin group in which a lower dose of propofol was used (P = 0.002). The sedation, anxiety, and propofol dose used were lower in the melatonin group than the placebo group. The recommended dosage was 3 mg of melatonin once to achieve an anesthetic depth index or a bispectral index of 40. The study was approved by Ethical Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences with IR.ARAKMU.REC.1395.432 code in July 2016, and the trial was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with IRCT20141209020258N98 in September 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Norouzi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shahin Fateh
- Department of surgery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Hesameddin Modir
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Alireza Kamali
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Leila Akrami
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Children's Health in the Digital Age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093240. [PMID: 32384728 PMCID: PMC7246471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental studies, metabolic research, and state of the art research in neurobiology point towards the reduced amount of natural day and sunlight exposure of the developing child, as a consequence of increasingly long hours spent indoors online, as the single unifying source of a whole set of health risks identified worldwide, as is made clear in this review of currently available literature. Over exposure to digital environments, from abuse to addiction, now concerns even the youngest (ages 0 to 2) and triggers, as argued on the basis of clear examples herein, a chain of interdependent negative and potentially long-term metabolic changes. This leads to a deregulation of the serotonin and dopamine neurotransmitter pathways in the developing brain, currently associated with online activity abuse and/or internet addiction, and akin to that found in severe substance abuse syndromes. A general functional working model is proposed under the light of evidence brought to the forefront in this review.
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82
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yang N. Effects of Patients' Perceptions of Physician-Patient Relational Empathy on an Inflammation Marker in Patients with Crohn's Disease: The Intermediary Roles of Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Sleep Quality. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:363-371. [PMID: 32425624 PMCID: PMC7196771 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s221435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physician-patient empathy is inextricably linked with outcomes of patients. The purpose of this study was to test whether anxiety, self-efficacy, and sleep quality played intermediary roles in relationships between patients' perceptions of physician-patient relational empathy and an inflammation marker in Crohn's disease patients. Methods The study included 187 patients. At admission (T1) and 3 months after admission (T2), anxiety, self-efficacy, sleep, and the inflammatory marker IL6 of patients were tested and compared. Patients' perceptions of physician-patient relational empathy (CARE scale) was measured at T2. Correlations among patients' anxiety, self-efficacy, sleep quality, IL6, and CARE scores were explored by Pearson's correlation analysis and a structural equation model. Results Compared with T1, patients showed higher self-efficacy and sleep quality and lower anxiety and IL6 at T2. Patients' perceptions of physician-patient relational empathy were negatively related to anxiety and IL6 and connected to self-efficacy and sleep quality positively. Patients' anxiety, self-efficacy, and sleep quality played intermediary roles incorrelations between empathy and IL6. Conclusion In correlations of patients' perceptions of physician-patient relational empathy and IL6 in patients with Crohn's disease, patients' anxiety, self-efficacy, and sleep quality acted as intermediary effects. Therefore, medical staff should empathize with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningxi Yang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Que Z, Ma T, Shang Y, Ge Q, Zhang Q, Xu P, Zhang J, Francoise U, Liu X, Sun X. Microorganisms: Producers of Melatonin in Fermented Foods and Beverages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4799-4811. [PMID: 32248679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin has recently been detected in fermented beverages and foods, in which microorganism metabolism is highly important. The existing literature knowledge discusses the direction for future studies in this review. Evidence shows that many species of microorganisms could synthesize melatonin. However, the actual concentrations of melatonin in fermented foods and beverages range from picograms per milliliter to nanograms per milliliter. Different types of microorganisms, different raw materials, different culture environments, the presence or absence of precursors, high or low alcohol content, and different detection methods are all possible reasons for the huge difference of melatonin levels. Thus far, there have been relatively few studies on the melatonin synthesis pathway microorganisms. Thus, referring to the synthetic pathway of plants and animals, the putative melatonin biosynthesis pathway of microorganisms is presented. It will be significant to discuss whether all species of microorganisms have the capacity to synthesize melatonin and what the biological functions of melatonin are in microorganisms. Melatonin plays a lot of important roles in microorganisms, particularly in enhancing the tolerance of environment stress. Also, the loss of melatonin concentration in commercially available fermented foods and beverages is a ubiquitous trend, and how to solve this problem is a new field to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiluo Que
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ma
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shang
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Ge
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Quality Standards and Testing Institute of Agricultural Technology, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Pingkang Xu
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Food Science and Technology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Junxiang Zhang
- School of Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Uwamahoro Francoise
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- College of Enology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Heyang Viti-viniculture Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling District, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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84
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Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. Social Capital and Sleep Quality in Individuals Who Self-Isolated for 14 Days During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in January 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e923921. [PMID: 32194290 PMCID: PMC7111105 DOI: 10.12659/msm.923921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background From the end of December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) began to spread in central China. Social capital is a measure of social trust, belonging, and participation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of social capital on sleep quality and the mechanisms involved in people who self-isolated at home for 14 days in January 2020 during the COVID-19 epidemic in central China. Methods Individuals (n=170) who self-isolated at home for 14 days in central China, completed self-reported questionnaires on the third day of isolation. Individual social capital was assessed using the Personal Social Capital Scale 16 (PSCI-16) questionnaire. Anxiety was assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) questionnaire, stress was assessed using the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction (SASR) questionnaire, and sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Path analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between a dependent variable (social capital) and two or more independent variables, using Pearson’s correlation analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results Low levels of social capital were associated with increased levels of anxiety and stress, but increased levels of social capital were positively associated with increased quality of sleep. Anxiety was associated with stress and reduced sleep quality, and the combination of anxiety and stress reduced the positive effects of social capital on sleep quality. Conclusion During a period of individual self-isolation during the COVID-19 virus epidemic in central China, increased social capital improved sleep quality by reducing anxiety and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Respiration, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shiyue Li
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Ningxi Yang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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85
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Melatonin's Antineoplastic Potential Against Glioblastoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030599. [PMID: 32138190 PMCID: PMC7140435 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most intransigent and aggressive brain tumors, and its treatment is extremely challenging and ineffective. To improve patients’ expectancy and quality of life, new therapeutic approaches were investigated. Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine with an incredible variety of properties. Due to evidence demonstrating melatonin’s activity against several cancer hallmarks, there is growing interest in its use for preventing and treating cancer. In this review, we report on the potential effects of melatonin, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, against GBM. We also summarize melatonin targets and/or the intracellular pathways involved. Moreover, we describe melatonin’s epigenetic activity responsible for its antineoplastic effects. To date, there are too few clinical studies (involving a small number of patients) investigating the antineoplastic effects of melatonin against GBM. Nevertheless, these studies described improvement of GBM patients’ quality of life and did not show significant adverse effects. In this review, we also report on studies regarding melatonin-like molecules with the tumor-suppressive properties of melatonin together with implemented pharmacokinetics. Melatonin effects and mechanisms of action against GBM require more research attention due to the unquestionably high potential of this multitasking indoleamine in clinical practice.
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86
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Wu H, Zhang Y, Li S, Liu Q, Yang N. Care Is the Doctor's Best Prescription: The Impact of Doctor-Patient Empathy on the Physical and Mental Health of Asthmatic Patients in China. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:141-150. [PMID: 32104114 PMCID: PMC7023901 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s226706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the impact of empathy between Chinese doctors and patients on anxiety, self-efficacy, sleep and IL-6 levels in hospitalized asthmatic patients. Methods This study included 195 asthmatic patients and 30 respirologists in China. The Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSE) was used to measure the empathy level of doctors, and the consultation and relational empathy (CARE) scale was used to measure patients' perception of empathy between themselves and their doctors. Doctors were divided into three groups, according to JSE scores. Data about anxiety, self-efficacy, sleep and IL-6 were collected and compared between patients in different JSE groups at admission (T1) and 3 months later (T2). The correlation between JSE scores and CARE scores was analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis along with a structural equation model was applied to explore the relevance among anxiety, self-efficacy, sleep, inflammatory factors (IL-6) and patients' perception of empathy shown by their doctors. Results There was no statistical difference between the indices of patients in three groups at admission. For all patients, the changes of indicators were statistically different from T1 to T2. Three months later, patients in high empathy scoring group showed lower anxiety and IL-6, and higher self-efficacy and sleep quality. There was a positive correlation between JSE and CARE scores. Patients' perception of doctor-patient empathy was negatively correlated to anxiety levels and IL-6, and positively correlated to self-efficacy and sleep quality. Anxiety, self-efficacy and sleep quality were mediators in the relationship between patients' perception of empathy and IL-6. Conclusion In the Chinese sample, anxiety, self-efficacy, sleep, empathy between doctors and patients and IL-6 are closely correlated. Anxiety, self-efficacy and sleep may play additional roles in the influence of patients' perception of empathy between doctors and patients on IL-6 in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiduo Wu
- Education and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyue Li
- School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyun Liu
- Education and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningxi Yang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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87
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Wang SY, Shi XC, Laborda P. Indole-based melatonin analogues: Synthetic approaches and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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88
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Li H, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liang J, Zhou Y, Huang Y, Zhai T, Yang Q, Yang M, Ning Y, He H, Wu K, Chen F, Wu F, Zhang X. The Relationship Between Symptoms of Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms in Health Professionals During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:3153-3161. [PMID: 33376331 PMCID: PMC7755336 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s282124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a threat to global health. Increasing studies have shown that the mental health status of health professionals is very poor during the COVID-19 epidemic. At present, the relationship between somatic symptoms and symptoms of anxiety of health professionals during the COVID-19 has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of somatic symptoms and its related factors in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety during COVID-19 in China. METHODS A total of 606 health professionals were assessed online with the Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the somatization subscale of Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90). RESULTS The percentage of symptoms of anxiety, somatic symptoms and insomnia in all health professionals was 45.4%, 12.0%, and 32%, respectively. The frequency of somatic symptoms in health professionals with symptoms of anxiety was 22.9%. The SCL-90 somatization subscale score was significantly positively correlated with history of somatic diseases, GAD-7 score and ISI score in participants with symptoms of anxiety. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19, symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and somatic symptoms are commonly observed in health professionals. Insomnia and symptoms of anxiety are independently associated with somatic symptoms of health professionals with symptoms of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehua Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liang
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zhai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (scUT), Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Department of Medical, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchun Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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89
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Madsen MT, Zahid JA, Hansen CH, Grummedal O, Hansen JR, Isbrand A, Andersen UO, Andersen LJ, Taskiran M, Simonsen E, Gögenur I. The effect of melatonin on depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients after acute coronary syndrome: The MEDACIS randomized clinical trial. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 119:84-94. [PMID: 31586772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression following acute coronary syndrome is prevalent and associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Melatonin may function as a primary prophylactic antidepressant substance and alleviate depressive symptoms. The study was undertaken to determine if melatonin administered following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could prevent development of depression. METHODS The study was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial performed in five primary care cardiology departments at Zealand, Denmark. Included patients were adults patients, free of depression at baseline, included at the latest 4 weeks after acute coronary syndrome. Twenty-five mg melatonin or placebo was administered 1 h before participants' bedtime for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is Major Depression Inventory (MDI) measured every two weeks throughout the trial. Incidence of depression was apriori defined as MDI score ≥ 21 during the trial. Reported exploratory outcomes were patterns of dropout and safety outcomes. RESULTS 1220 patients were screened and 252 participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. Baseline MDI score in the melatonin and placebo group were, respectively, 6.18 (CI 5.32-7.05) and 5.98 (CI 5.19-6.77). No significant intergroup differences were found during the study in the intention-to-treat analysis or per-protocol analysis. Cumulative events of depressive episodes during the 12 weeks were six in the melatonin group and four in the placebo group. A significant drop in depressive symptoms were present throughout the study period. No intergroup differences were present in dropouts or adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin showed no prophylactic antidepressant effect following acute coronary syndrome. The non-significant results might be due to a type II error or melatonin might not be able to prevent development of depressive symptoms following ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tvilling Madsen
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Holbaek Hospital, Smedelundsgade 60, 4300, Holbaek, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koegevej 7-13, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Slagelse Sygehus, Ingemannsvej 18, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark; Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Faelledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jawad Ahmad Zahid
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark.
| | | | - Ole Grummedal
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark.
| | | | - Anders Isbrand
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | | | - Lars Juel Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital, Koegevej 7-13, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Mustafa Taskiran
- Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Erik Simonsen
- Psychiatric Research Unit, Region Zealand, Faelledvej 6, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ismail Gögenur
- Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600, Koege, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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90
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Sanchez DL, Fusick AJ, Hudson WB, Schmitz JE, Catalano MC, Catalano G. Ramelteon in the Treatment of Delirium: New Perspectives from Reported Findings and a Case Observation. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666190308161421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Ramelteon is a melatonin receptor agonist that is approved for the treatment of
insomnia. It is widely used due to its relatively benign side effect profile and lack of dependence
or withdrawal. Due to its tolerability, clinicians have attempted to utilize ramelteon
to normalize the sleep/wake patterns in patients with delirium as a safer alternative
to antipsychotics or other medications. We present the case of a 75-year-old man with
long-standing dementia who was hospitalized due to mental status changes, agitation, and
sleep disturbance. After addressing possible underlying causes with minimal improvement,
the team initiated treatment with ramelteon (8mg nightly) which resulted in rapid
improvement of symptoms. Uses and mechanisms of action of ramelteon will be reviewed,
as well as current pharmacologic treatments of delirium. Prior research studies
and case reports regarding the use of ramelteon in the treatment of delirium will be discussed
and suggestions made regarding possible areas of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L. Sanchez
- Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Adam J. Fusick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - William B. Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Jourdan E. Schmitz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Maria C. Catalano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Glenn Catalano
- Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida, United States
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91
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Xu X, Wang W, Yan H, Li S, Yang N. Mediating Roles of Anxiety, Self-Efficacy, and Sleep Quality on the Relationship Between Patient-Reported Physician Empathy and Inflammatory Markers in Ulcerative Colitis Patients. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7889-7897. [PMID: 31634896 PMCID: PMC6820358 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empathy between doctor and patient has an important bearing on patient health. The purpose of this study was to assess whether anxiety, sleep quality, and self-efficacy of patients have mediating effects in the relationship of patient-reported physician empathy and inflammatory factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 242 patients attended by 45 doctors. Self-reported doctors' empathy ability was measured at patient admission (T1), and patient-reported physician empathy was measured 3 months later (T2). Patient anxiety, general self-efficacy, sleep, and inflammatory factor (IL-6) were measured on T1 and T2. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the relationships between self-reported doctor empathy ability and patient indices on T1 and T2. The relationships between anxiety, sleep quality, self-efficacy, IL-6, and patient-reported physician empathy were measured by Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling. RESULTS On T1, no significant correlation was reported between self-reported doctors' empathy ability and indices of the patients (P>0.05). On T2, self-reported doctors' empathy ability was significantly positively correlated with patient sleep and self-efficacy (P<0.01), and significantly negatively correlated with patient anxiety and IL-6 (P<0.01). Moreover, on T2, patient-reported physician empathy was negatively correlated with anxiety and IL-6 and was positively correlated with self-efficacy and sleep quality. The effect of patient-reported physician empathy on IL-6 was mediated by anxiety, sleep quality, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The anxiety, self-efficacy, and sleep quality of UC patients had mediating effects in the relationship between patient-reported physician empathy and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfan Chen
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xianlin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huiyang Sanhe Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shiyue Li
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ningxi Yang
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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92
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The Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin: Possible Role in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disease. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9100285. [PMID: 31640239 PMCID: PMC6826722 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland. To date, melatonin is known to regulate the sleep cycle by controlling the circadian rhythm. However, recent advances in neuroscience and molecular biology have led to the discovery of new actions and effects of melatonin. In recent studies, melatonin was shown to have antioxidant activity and, possibly, to affect the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, melatonin has neuroprotective effects and affects neuroplasticity, thus indicating potential antidepressant properties. In the present review, the new functions of melatonin are summarized and a therapeutic target for the development of new drugs based on the mechanism of action of melatonin is proposed.
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93
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Genario R, Giacomini AC, Demin KA, dos Santos BE, Marchiori NI, Volgin AD, Bashirzade A, Amstislavskaya TG, de Abreu MS, Kalueff AV. The evolutionarily conserved role of melatonin in CNS disorders and behavioral regulation: Translational lessons from zebrafish. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 99:117-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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An insight into the scientific background and future perspectives for the potential uses of melatonin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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95
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Wang J, Jiang C, Zhang K, Lan X, Chen X, Zang W, Wang Z, Guan F, Zhu C, Yang X, Lu H, Wang J. Melatonin receptor activation provides cerebral protection after traumatic brain injury by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:345-355. [PMID: 30553970 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a principal cause of death and disability worldwide. Melatonin, a hormone made by the pineal gland, is known to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, using a weight-drop model of TBI, we investigated the protective effects of ramelteon, a melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist, and its underlying mechanisms of action. Administration of ramelteon (10 mg/kg) daily at 10:00 a.m. alleviated TBI-induced early brain damage on day 3 and long-term neurobehavioral deficits on day 28 in C57BL/6 mice. Ramelteon also increased the protein levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase and reduced the protein levels of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, and malondialdehyde in brain tissue and serum on days 1, 3, and 7 post-TBI. Similarly, ramelteon attenuated microglial and astrocyte activation in the perilesional cortex on day 3. Furthermore, ramelteon decreased Keap 1 expression, promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation, and increased levels of downstream proteins, including SOD-1, heme oxygenase-1, and NQO1 on day 3 post-TBI. However, in Nrf2 knockout mice with TBI, ramelteon did not decrease the lesion volume, neuronal degeneration, or myelin loss on day 3; nor did it mitigate depression-like behavior or most motor behavior deficits on day 28. Thus, timed ramelteon treatment appears to prevent inflammation and oxidative stress via the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway and might represent a potential chronotherapeutic strategy for treating TBI.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Astrocytes/pathology
- Brain Edema/drug therapy
- Brain Edema/genetics
- Brain Edema/metabolism
- Brain Edema/pathology
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic/genetics
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic/metabolism
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic/pathology
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Cerebral Cortex/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glutathione Peroxidase/genetics
- Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism
- Indenes/pharmacology
- Inflammation
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Interleukin-4/genetics
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/genetics
- Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Microglia/pathology
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/metabolism
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/genetics
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Superoxide Dismutase/genetics
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Weidong Zang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; School of Life Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Changlian Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury, Institute of Neuroscience, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China; Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 40530, Sweden
| | - Xiuli Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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96
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Agorastos A, Nicolaides NC, Bozikas VP, Chrousos GP, Pervanidou P. Multilevel Interactions of Stress and Circadian System: Implications for Traumatic Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 32047446 PMCID: PMC6997541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic fluctuations in energy demands by the rhythmic succession of night and day on our planet has prompted a geophysical evolutionary need for biological temporal organization across phylogeny. The intrinsic circadian timing system (CS) represents a highly conserved and sophisticated internal "clock," adjusted to the 24-h rotation period of the earth, enabling a nyctohemeral coordination of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behavior. The human CS is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the stress system (SS). Both systems are fundamental for survival and regulate each other's activity in order to prepare the organism for the anticipated cyclic challenges. Thereby, the understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical for the comprehension of the molecular basis of physiology and pathogenesis of disease. A critical loss of the harmonious timed order at different organizational levels may affect the fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptative mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. In this review, following an overview of the functional components of the SS and CS, we present their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can alter the interplay between the two systems. Circadian dysregulation after traumatic stress exposure may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of trauma through maladaptive stress regulation. Understanding the mechanisms susceptible to circadian dysregulation and their role in stress-related disorders could provide new insights into disease mechanisms, advancing psychochronobiological treatment possibilities and preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios P Bozikas
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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97
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Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Olvera-Hernández S, Vega-Rivera NM, Ortiz-López L. Melatonin Influences Structural Plasticity in the Axons of Granule Cells in the Dentate Gyrus of Balb/C Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010073. [PMID: 30585191 PMCID: PMC6337618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, the main product synthesized by the pineal gland, acts as a regulator of the generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG). Newborn neurons buffer the deleterious effects of stress and are involved in learning and memory processes. Furthermore, melatonin, through the regulation of the cytoskeleton, favors dendrite maturation of newborn neurons. Moreover, newborn neurons send their axons via the mossy fiber tract to Cornu Ammonis 3 (CA3) region to form synapses with pyramidal neurons. Thus, axons of newborn cells contribute to the mossy fiber projection and their plasticity correlates with better performance in several behavioral tasks. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the impact of exogenous melatonin (8 mg/kg) administered daily for one- or six-months on the structural plasticity of infrapyramidal- and suprapyramidal mossy fiber projection of granule cells in the DG in male Balb/C mice. We analyzed the mossy fiber projection through the staining of calbindin, that is a calcium-binding protein localized in dendrites and axons. We first found an increase in the number of calbindin-positive cells in the granular cell layer in the DG (11%, 33%) after treatment. Futhermore, we found an increase in the volume of suprapyramidal (>135%, 59%) and infrapyramidal (>128%, 36%) mossy fiber projection of granule neurons in the DG after treatment. We also found an increase in the volume of CA3 region (>146%, 33%) after treatment, suggesting that melatonin modulates the structural plasticity of the mossy fiber projection to establish functional synapses in the hippocampus. Together, the data suggest that, in addition to the previously reported effects of melatonin on the generation of new neurons and its antidepressant like effects, melatonin also modulates the structural plasticity of axons in granule cells in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Bernabé Ramírez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurogenesis, Subidrección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
| | - Sandra Olvera-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurogenesis, Subidrección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
| | - Nelly Maritza Vega-Rivera
- Laboratorio de Neuropsicofarmacología, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
| | - Leonardo Ortiz-López
- Laboratorio de Neurogenesis, Subidrección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, México City C.P. 14370, México.
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98
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Yadlapalli SSR, Karra VK, Kommineni V, Katari NK, Manabolu Surya SB. Bioanalytical technique for determination of tasimelteon in human plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to pharmacokinetic study in humans. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4431. [PMID: 30412929 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, specific and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique for the quantification of tasimelteon in human plasma has been developed and validated using tasimelteon-d5 as internal standard. Liquid-liquid extraction technique with ethyl acetate was used for extraction of tasimelteon from the plasma. The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax, Eclipse, C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5 μm) column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.02% formic acid buffer (85:15, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. A detailed method validation was performed as per the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The linear calibration curve was obtained over the concentration range 0.30-299 ng/mL. The API-4000 liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was operated under multiple reaction monitoring mode during analysis. The validated method was successfully applied to estimate plasma concentration of tasimelteon after oral administration of a single dose of a 20 mg capsule in healthy volunteers under fasting conditions. The maximum concentration of the drug achieved in the plasma was 314 ± 147 ng/mL and the time at which this concentration was attained was 0.54 ± 0.22 h.
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99
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Chakrabarty S, DiTucci MJ, Berden G, Oomens J, Williams ER. Structural Investigation of the Hormone Melatonin and Its Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes in the Gas Phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1835-1847. [PMID: 30006822 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase infrared dissociation spectra of the radical cation, deprotonated and protonated forms of the hormone melatonin, and its complexes with alkali (Li+, Na+, and K+) and alkaline earth metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+) are measured in the spectral range 800-1800 cm-1. Minimum energy geometries calculated at the B3LYP/LACVP++** level are used to assign structural motifs to absorption bands in the experimental spectra. The melatonin anion is deprotonated at the indole-N. The indole-C linking the amide chain is the most favored protonation site. Comparisons between the experimental and calculated spectra for alkali and alkaline earth metal ion complexes reveal that the metal ions interact similarly with the amide and methoxy oxygen atoms. The amide I band undergoes a red shift with increasing charge density of the metal ion and the amide II band shows a concomitant blue shift. Another binding motif in which the metal ions interact with the amide-O and the π-electron cloud of the aromatic group is identified but is higher in energy by at least 18 kJ/mol. Melatonin is deprotonated at the amide-N with Mg2+ and the metal ion coordinates to the amide-N and an indole-C or the methoxy-O. These results provide information about the intrinsic binding of metal ions to melatonin and combined with future studies on solvated melatonin-metal ion complexes may help elucidate the solvent effects on metal ion binding in solution and the biochemistry of melatonin. These results also serve as benchmarks for future theoretical studies on melatonin-metal ion interactions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satrajit Chakrabarty
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, B-42 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Matthew J DiTucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, B-42 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evan R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, B-42 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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100
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Sharma R, Sahota P, Thakkar MM. Melatonin promotes sleep in mice by inhibiting orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12498. [PMID: 29654707 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin promotes sleep. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus (PFH) are pivotal for wake promotion. Does melatonin promote sleep by inhibiting orexin neurons? We used C57BL/6J mice and designed 4 experiments to address this question. Experiment 1 used double-labeled immunofluorescence and examined the presence of melatonin receptors on orexin neurons. Second, mice, implanted with bilateral guides targeted toward PFH and sleep-recording electrodes, were infused with melatonin (500 pmole/50 nL/side) at dark onset (onset of active period), and spontaneous bouts of sleep-wakefulness were examined. Third, mice, implanted with bilateral guides into the PFH, were infused with melatonin (500 pmole/50 nL/side) at dark onset and euthanized 2 hours later, to examine the activation of orexin neurons using c-Fos expression in orexin neurons. Fourth, mice, implanted with PFH bilateral guides and sleep-recording electrodes, were infused with melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole (10 pmol/50 nL/side), at light onset (onset of sleep period), and spontaneous bouts of sleep-wakefulness were examined. Our results suggest that orexin neurons express MT1, but not MT2 receptors. Melatonin infusion into the PFH, at dark onset, site-specifically and significantly increased NREM sleep (43.7%, P = .003) and reduced wakefulness (12.3%, P = .013). Local melatonin infusion at dark onset inhibited orexin neurons as evident by a significant reduction (66%, P = .0004) in the number of orexin neurons expressing c-Fos. Finally, luzindole infusion-induced blockade of melatonin receptors in PFH at sleep onset significantly increased wakefulness (44.1%, P = .015). Based on these results, we suggest that melatonin may act via the MT1 receptors to inhibit orexin neurons and promote sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Sharma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pradeep Sahota
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mahesh M Thakkar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital and Department of Neurology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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