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Mukhopadhyay N, Feingold E, Moreno-Uribe L, Wehby G, Valencia-Ramirez LC, Muñeton CPR, Padilla C, Deleyiannis F, Christensen K, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Hecht JT, Buxó CJ, Butali A, Adeyemo WL, Vieira AR, Shaffer JR, Murray JC, Weinberg SM, Leslie EJ, Marazita ML. Genome-wide association study of multiethnic nonsyndromic orofacial cleft families identifies novel loci specific to family and phenotypic subtypes. Genet Epidemiol 2022; 46:182-198. [PMID: 35191549 PMCID: PMC9086172 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common craniofacial birth defects worldwide, and known to exhibit phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. Cleft lip plus cleft palate (CLP) and cleft lip only (CL) are commonly combined together as one phenotype (CL/P), separately from cleft palate alone. In comparison, our study analyzes CL and CLP separately. A sample of 2218 CL and CLP cases, 4537 unaffected relatives of cases, and 2673 pure controls with no family history of OFC were selected from the Pittsburgh Orofacial Cleft (Pitt-OFC) multiethnic study.genome-wide association studies were run for seven specific phenotypes created based on the cleft type(s) observed within these families, as well as the combined CL/P phenotype. Five novel genome-wide significant associations, 3q29 (rs62284390), 5p13.2 (rs609659), 7q22.1 (rs6465810), 19p13.3 (rs628271), and 20q13.33 (rs2427238), and nine associations (p ≤ 1.0E-05) within previously confirmed OFC loci-PAX7, IRF6, FAM49A, DCAF4L2, 8q24.21, ARID3B, NTN1, TANC2 and the WNT9B:WNT3 gene cluster-were observed. We also found that single nucleotide polymorphisms within a subset of the associated loci, both previously known and novel, differ substantially in terms of their effects across cleft- or family-specific phenotypes, indicating not only etiologic differences between CL and CLP, but also genetic heterogeneity within each of the two OFC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lina Moreno-Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, & The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines
| | | | - Kaare Christensen
- Unit of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fernando A. Poletta
- CEMIC-CONICET: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ieda M Orioli
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen J. Buxó
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine and Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wasiu L. Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Tasman SGR, Putri FA, Maulina T. Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) Scale in Postoperative Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate Patients. Open Dent J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742106-v15-e2202090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
The face, leg, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) scale is a validated pain measurement instrument that is used on postoperative patients with limited verbal ability, including postoperative cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients.
Objective:
This research aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the FLACC scale as a measuring instrument for pain intensity experienced by postoperative cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients.
Methods:
The procedure was initiated by a back-translation process of the FLACC. Once the back-translation process is completed, a calibration process of the field researchers was conducted. Twenty-eight participants that went through a cleft lip and/or cleft palate surgery at the Unpad Dental Hospital were then enrolled. Two calibrated field researchers measured the postoperative pain intensity in three different time points, shortly after the patients regained full consciousness (T0), four hours (T1), and eight hours after the first measurement (T2). The collected data were analysed by SPSS version 23. The Spearman correlation analysis was performed to test the validity, while a Cronbach’s alpha value was calculated to test the reliability.
Results:
Based on the results of the Spearman correlation analysis, the Indonesian version of the FLACC scale was considered to be valid as the r values of each sub-scale were all higher than the r table value (r value > 0.317). Reliability was marked by the obtained Cronbach’s alpha value of 0,875.
Conclusion:
The Indonesian version of the FLACC scale was considered to be valid and reliable to be used as a pain measurement tool in postoperative cleft lip and/or cleft palate patients.
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Li B, Yong L, Yu Y, Yu Y, Zhen Q, Ge H, Mao Y, Chen W, Yu Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Fan W, Zhang C, Hu X, Zhang R, Cao L, Liu H, Bian Z, He M, Sun L. Genome-wide analyses of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate identify 20 new risk loci in the Chinese Han population. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:903-905. [PMID: 35217232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Li
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Yong
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yafen Yu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanqin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhen
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huiyao Ge
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yiwen Mao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wencheng Fan
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ruixue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Hefei, China.
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Li MJ, Shi JY, Zhu QS, Shi B, Jia ZL. Targeted Re-Sequencing of the 2p21 Locus Identifies Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip Only Novel Susceptibility Gene ZFP36L2. Front Genet 2022; 13:802229. [PMID: 35242166 PMCID: PMC8886408 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.802229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
rs7590268 present on the 2p21 locus was identified to be associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in several populations, including the Chinese Han population, indicating that 2p21 was a susceptibility locus for NSCL/P. However, previous studies have only identified common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the THADA gene, neglecting the rare variants and other genes in 2p21; thus, this study was designed to investigate additional variants and novel susceptibility genes in 2p21. A total of 159 NSCL/P patients and 542 controls were recruited in the discovery phase, whereas 1830 NSCL/P patients and 2,436 controls were recruited in the replication phase. After targeted region sequencing, we performed association and burden analyses for the common and rare variants, respectively. Furthermore, RNA-seq, proliferation assay and cell cycle analysis were performed to clarify the possible function of the candidate gene ZFP36L2. Association analysis showed that four SNPs were specifically associated with non-syndromic cleft lip only (NSCLO) and two SNPs were associated with both NSCLO and NSCL/P. Burden analysis indicated that ZFP36L2 was associated with NSCLO (p = .0489, OR = 2.41, 95% CI: 0.98–5.90). Moreover, SNPs in the ZFP36L2 targeted gene JUP were also associated with NSCLO. ZFP36L2 also inhibited cell proliferation and induced G2 phase arrest in the GMSM-K cell line. Therefore, we proposed that ZFP36L2 is a novel susceptibility gene of NSCLO in the 2p21 locus, which could lead to NSCLO by modulating cell proliferation and cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Yu Shi
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qiu-Shuang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Shi, ; Zhong-Lin Jia,
| | - Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bing Shi, ; Zhong-Lin Jia,
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de Vries ME, Dworkin S. Methodology for Free-Floating Organ Culture of Mid-gestation Maxillary Primordial Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2403:51-61. [PMID: 34913116 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1847-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial defects, such as cleft palate, are prevalent congenital malformations that present an interesting research challenge due to the complex and multifactorial nature of their etiology. In vitro modeling of craniofacial morphogenesis provides valuable insight into the developmental processes critical to the presentation of these conditions. One such technique, termed a submerged or free-floating organ culture, allows culturing and observation of isolated craniofacial tissue without the need for specialized supporting equipment. Outlined here is a detailed protocol for isolating and culturing maxillary and palatal tissue as a midfacial tissue section. This protocol has been modified from a previously established technique to accommodate culturing tissue from developmental time-points as early as embryonic day 10.5. This allows for greater control over genotypic variance within litters and provides a simplified, accessible methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Monash University Central Clinical School, Prahran, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Suazo J. Environmental factors in non-syndromic orofacial clefts: A review based on meta-analyses results. Oral Dis 2022; 28:3-8. [PMID: 33872445 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are prevalent birth defects with a complex etiology where several interacting genetic and environmental factors have been observed. This narrative review describes maternal exposures that have been significantly associated with protective effects or risk factors. The statistically significant information reported here was found in meta-analysis studies, taking advantage of their precision in defining intervention effects and their management of heterogeneity between studies. In addition, I propose a hypothesis explaining the biological basis for the results of the meta-analyses. This review aims to improve the evidence available in parent counseling, to prevent the occurrence of orofacial clefts by suggesting lifestyle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Association of ABCA4 Gene Polymorphisms with Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in the Polish Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111483. [PMID: 34769998 PMCID: PMC8583664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: Non-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital condition with a complex aetiology reflecting multiple genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCA4 have been associated with NSCL/P in several studies, although there are some inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate whether two SNPs in ABCA4, namely rs4147811 and rs560426, are associated with NSCL/P occurrence in the Polish population. Methods: The study included 627 participants: 209 paediatric patients with NSCL/P and 418 healthy newborn controls. DNA was isolated from the saliva of NSCL/P patients and from umbilical cord blood in the controls. Genotyping of rs4147811 and rs560426 was performed using quantitative PCR. Results: The rs4147811 (AG genotype) SNP in ABCA4 was associated with a decreased risk of NSCL/P (odds ratio (OR) 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.84; p = 0.004), whereas the rs560426 (GG genotype) SNP was associated with an increased risk of NSCL/P (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.31–3.48; p = 0.002). Limitations: This study—based on the correlation between single genetic variants and the occurrence of different phenotypes—might have limited power in detecting relevant, complex inheritance patterns. ORs are often low to moderate when investigating the association of single genes with the risk of a complex trait. Another limitation was the small number of available NSCL/P samples. Conclusions: The results suggest that genetic variations in ABCA4 are important risk markers of NSCL/P in the Polish population. Further investigation in a larger study group is warranted.
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Rosero Salazar DH, van Rheden REM, van Hulzen M, Carvajal Monroy PL, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Fibrin with Laminin-Nidogen Reduces Fibrosis and Improves Soft Palate Regeneration Following Palatal Injury. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1547. [PMID: 34680180 PMCID: PMC8533998 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of fibrin constructs enhanced with laminin-nidogen, implanted in the wounded rat soft palate. Fibrin constructs with and without laminin-nidogen were implanted in 1 mm excisional wounds in the soft palate of 9-week-old rats and compared with the wounded soft palate without implantation. Collagen deposition and myofiber formation were analyzed at days 3, 7, 28 and 56 after wounding by histochemistry. In addition, immune staining was performed for a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA), myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and paired homeobox protein 7 (Pax7). At day 56, collagen areas were smaller in both implant groups (31.25 ± 7.73% fibrin only and 21.11 ± 6.06% fibrin with laminin-nidogen)) compared to the empty wounds (38.25 ± 8.89%, p < 0.05). Moreover, the collagen area in the fibrin with laminin-nidogen group was smaller than in the fibrin only group (p ˂ 0.05). The areas of myofiber formation in the fibrin only group (31.77 ± 10.81%) and fibrin with laminin-nidogen group (43.13 ± 10.39%) were larger than in the empty wounds (28.10 ± 11.68%, p ˂ 0.05). Fibrin-based constructs with laminin-nidogen reduce fibrosis and improve muscle regeneration in the wounded soft palate. This is a promising strategy to enhance cleft soft palate repair and other severe muscle injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris H. Rosero Salazar
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.H.R.S.); (R.E.M.v.R.); (F.A.D.T.G.W.)
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760008, Colombia
| | - René E. M. van Rheden
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.H.R.S.); (R.E.M.v.R.); (F.A.D.T.G.W.)
| | - Manon van Hulzen
- Central Facility for Research with Laboratory Animals (CDL), Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Paola L. Carvajal Monroy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.H.R.S.); (R.E.M.v.R.); (F.A.D.T.G.W.)
| | - Johannes W. Von den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (D.H.R.S.); (R.E.M.v.R.); (F.A.D.T.G.W.)
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Comprehensive Cleft Care Delivery in Developing Countries: Impact of Geographic and Demographic Factors. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:2041-2044. [PMID: 33710048 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The authors analyzed the insights of participants and faculty members of Global Smile Foundation's Comprehensive Cleft Care Workshops concerning the barriers and interventions to multidisciplinary cleft care delivery, after stratification based on demographic and geographic factors. METHODS During 2 simulation-based Comprehensive Cleft Care Workshops organized by Global Smile Foundation, participants and faculty members filled a survey. Surveys included demographic and geographic data and investigated the most relevant barrier to multidisciplinary cleft care and the most significant intervention to deliver comprehensive cleft care in outreach settings, as perceived by participants. RESULTS The total response rate was 57.8%. Respondents reported that the greatest barrier to comprehensive cleft care was financial, and the most relevant intervention to deliver multidisciplinary cleft care was building multidisciplinary teams. Stratification by age, gender, and geographical area showed no statistical difference in reporting that the greatest barrier to cleft care was financial. However, lack of multidisciplinary teams was the most important barrier according to respondents with less than 5 years of experience (P = 0.03). Stratification by gender, years in practice, specialty, and geographical area showed no statistical difference, with building multidisciplinary teams reported as the most significant intervention. However, increased training was reported as the main intervention to cleft care for those aged less than 30 years old (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Our study delivers an assessment for barriers facing multidisciplinary cleft care delivery and interventions required to improve cleft care delivery. The authors are hoping that stratification by demographic and geographic factors will help them delineate community-specific road maps to refine cleft care delivery.
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Nahas LD, Alzamel O, Dali MY, Alsawah R, Hamsho A, Sulman R, Alzamel M, Omar A. Distribution and risk factors of cleft lip and palate on patients from a sample of Damascus hospitals - A case-control study. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07957. [PMID: 34541358 PMCID: PMC8436068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This case-control study was conducted to determine the distribution of cleft lip and/or palate, its association with family history, syndromes and serous otitis media (SOM), and its relation with several risk factors. METHODS The case group comprised of 133 children born with cleft lip and/or palate, and the control was 133 non-cleft children born full-term. Data was collected including age, gender, origin and risk factors for cleft lip and palate from patients' files, interviewing supervising doctors, and the patient. Data was then filled out into Excel and underwent statistical analysis using the Goodness of Fit Test and Chi-Square to determine the significance of the results. RESULTS Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) was slightly higher among males (51.9%). Combined cleft lip and palate (CLP) was the most common presentation (42.1%). Cleft lips (CL) were mostly complete cleft (51,5%) incomplete cleft comprised (41.1%), In the sample 35.4% of the cases were bilateral, 32.3% were right unilateral, 28.3% were left unilateral and 4% were median cleft. Cleft palate (CP) was mostly complete (46.6%) there were incomplete clefts (40%), and the remainder were submucosal (13.4%). Isolated CL and combined CLP were higher in males (51.6%, 62.5% respectively). Both isolated CP and Tessier anomaly were more common in females (64.7% and 58.3% respectively). consanguineous marriages accounted for 36.1% of cases. 21.8% of the sample had a first-degree relative and 24.8% had a second degree relative born with CL/P. There were only 7 cases (0.05%) of syndromic CL/P: Down's (4), Pierre Robin's (2), and Van der Woude Syndrome (1). A relationship was found between CL/P and the risk factors: taking anticonvulsants (without specifying the drug) (p = 0.025, OR = 10.73 C.I. 95%), taking retinoic acid (p-value = 0.049, OR = 4.75 C.I. 95%), not consuming folic acid (p-value = 0.00, OR = 28.23 C.I. 95%), and smoking cigarettes (p-value = 0.046, OR = 2.00 C.I. 95%). There was no relationship with maternal alcohol consumption or maternal diabetes (p-values = 0.652 and 0.210, respectively). SOM was present in 63.2% of patients with CL/P and were mostly isolated CP. CONCLUSION CL/P was only slightly higher among males. The most common condition was CLP. There was higher incidence of CL/P among second-degree relatives than first degree. Down's, Pierre Robin's, and Van der Woude Syndromes may be associated with CL/P. Taking anticonvulsants, taking retinoic acid, not consuming folic acid, and smoking cigarettes all have a role in the incidence of CL/P. More than half of the sample had an associated SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louei Darjazini Nahas
- Department of Surgery Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Omar Alzamel
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Rama Alsawah
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- Resident at Internal Medicine Department, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Ahmad Hamsho
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rafi Sulman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mohamad Alzamel
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Damascus, Syria
| | - Abdullah Omar
- Faculty of Medicine, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
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Lecourtois-Amézquita MG, Cuevas-Córdoba B, Santiago-García J. Homozygous deletion of glutathione S-transferase theta 1 and mu 1 increase the risk of non-syndromic oral clefts in a Mexican population. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 130:105246. [PMID: 34454376 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether null variants of Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) and GST Theta 1 (GSTT1) in infants and mothers, as well as maternal exposures to environmental factors, contribute to the risk of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P) in a Mexican population. DESIGN We performed a matched pair case-control study, including 98 cases and 98 controls and their mothers. Sociodemographic information and environmental exposures were collected by a questionnaire. Null variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were assessed by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Odds ratios (OR) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate risks. The interaction of genetic variables with smoking and adjusted ORs were evaluated by binary logistic regression. RESULTS Homozygous null GSTM1 was associated with the risk of NSCL/P when present in mothers (OR = 2.45, 95 % CI 1.23-4.86) or infants (OR = 2.98, 95 % CI 1.45-6.14). A higher risk was also found when children carried the homozygous null GSTT1 (OR = 4.89, 95 % CI 2.42-9.87). In mothers, this variant showed a crude risk of 9.17 (95 % CI 3.95-21.29), which increased to OR = 13.81 (95 % CI 1.63-117.09) upon interaction with frequent passive smoking (5-7 days/week). Sociodemographic and other environmental exposures were not significantly associated with the risk of NSCL/P. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and infant GSTT1 and GSTM1 homozygous null genotypes were associated with a higher risk of NSCL/P, and the results suggest an interaction of the maternal GSTT1-null/null genotype with frequent passive smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Lecourtois-Amézquita
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo S/N. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91190, Mexico; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo S/N. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91190, Mexico
| | - Betzaida Cuevas-Córdoba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo S/N. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91190, Mexico
| | - Juan Santiago-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Luis Castelazo S/N. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91190, Mexico.
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Zhu Y, Miao H, Zeng Q, Li B, Wang D, Yu X, Wu H, Chen Y, Guo P, Liu F. Prevalence of cleft lip and/or cleft palate in Guangdong province, China, 2015-2018: a spatio-temporal descriptive analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046430. [PMID: 34341041 PMCID: PMC8330564 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the temporal and spatial characteristics of cleft lip and/or palate based on a large-scale birth defect monitoring database. METHODS Data on perinatal infants and children with cleft lip and/or palate defects from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018 in Guangdong province of China were collected. The variables including the demographic data, basic family information (address, education level, etc.), the infant's birth weight, gender and other basic parameters were collected and analysed. RESULTS During the study period, the prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate was 7.55 per 10 000 perinatal infants. The prevalence of cleft lip, cleft palate and cleft lip and palate were 2.34/10 000, 2.22/10 000 and 2.98/10 000, respectively. The prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate showed a pronounced downward trend, reducing from 8.47/10 000 in 2015 to 6.51/10 000 in 2018. We observed spatial heterogeneity of prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate across the study period in Guangdong. In the Pearl River Delta region, the overall prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate was 7.31/10 000, while the figure (7.86/10 000) was slightly higher in the non-Pearl River Delta region (p<0.05). Concerning infant gender, the prevalence was in general higher in boys than girls (p<0.05). In addition, the higher prevalence was more common in mothers older than 35 years old. For the birth season, infants born in spring tended to have a higher prevalence than those born in other seasons, regardless of the prevalence of cleft lip and palate calculated separately or jointly (p<0.05). The majority of newborns with cleft lip and palate were accompanied by other birth defects. CONCLUSION This study contributes a better understanding of the characteristics of spatio-temporal trends for birth defects of cleft lip and/or palate in south China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxian Zhu
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhang Miao
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghui Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Degang Wang
- Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yuliang Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Dhillon H, Chaudhari PK, Dhingra K, Kuo RF, Sokhi RK, Alam MK, Ahmad S. Current Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Cleft Care: A Scoping Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:676490. [PMID: 34395471 PMCID: PMC8355556 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.676490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This scoping review aims to identify the various areas and current status of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for aiding individuals with cleft lip and/or palate. Introduction: Cleft lip and/or palate contributes significantly toward the global burden on the healthcare system. Artificial intelligence is a technology that can help individuals with cleft lip and/or palate, especially those in areas with limited access to receive adequate care. Inclusion Criteria: Studies that used artificial intelligence to aid the diagnosis, treatment, or its planning in individuals with cleft lip and/or palate were included. Methodology: A search of the Pubmed, Embase, and IEEE Xplore databases was conducted using search terms artificial intelligence and cleft lip and/or palate. Gray literature was searched using Google Scholar. The study was conducted according to the PRISMA- ScR guidelines. Results: The initial search identified 458 results, which were screened based on title and abstracts. After the screening, removal of duplicates, and a full-text reading of selected articles, 26 publications were included. They explored the use of AI in cleft lip and/or palate to aid in decisions regarding diagnosis, treatment, especially speech therapy, and prediction. Conclusion: There is active interest and immense potential for the use of artificial intelligence in cleft lip and/or palate. Most studies currently focus on speech in cleft palate. Multi-center studies that include different populations, with collaboration amongst academicians and researchers, can further develop the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harnoor Dhillon
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunaal Dhingra
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rong-Fu Kuo
- Medical Device Innovation Centre, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ramandeep Kaur Sokhi
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shandar Ahmad
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Ray D, Venkataraghavan S, Zhang W, Leslie EJ, Hetmanski JB, Weinberg SM, Murray JC, Marazita ML, Ruczinski I, Taub MA, Beaty TH. Pleiotropy method reveals genetic overlap between orofacial clefts at multiple novel loci from GWAS of multi-ethnic trios. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009584. [PMID: 34242216 PMCID: PMC8270211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on epidemiologic and embryologic patterns, nonsyndromic orofacial clefts- the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans- are commonly categorized into cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate alone (CP), which are traditionally considered to be etiologically distinct. However, some evidence of shared genetic risk in IRF6, GRHL3 and ARHGAP29 regions exists; only FOXE1 has been recognized as significantly associated with both CL/P and CP in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We used a new statistical approach, PLACO (pleiotropic analysis under composite null), on a combined multi-ethnic GWAS of 2,771 CL/P and 611 CP case-parent trios. At the genome-wide significance threshold of 5 × 10-8, PLACO identified 1 locus in 1q32.2 (IRF6) that appears to increase risk for one OFC subgroup but decrease risk for the other. At a suggestive significance threshold of 10-6, we found 5 more loci with compelling candidate genes having opposite effects on CL/P and CP: 1p36.13 (PAX7), 3q29 (DLG1), 4p13 (LIMCH1), 4q21.1 (SHROOM3) and 17q22 (NOG). Additionally, we replicated the recognized shared locus 9q22.33 (FOXE1), and identified 2 loci in 19p13.12 (RAB8A) and 20q12 (MAFB) that appear to influence risk of both CL/P and CP in the same direction. We found locus-specific effects may vary by racial/ethnic group at these regions of genetic overlap, and failed to find evidence of sex-specific differences. We confirmed shared etiology of the two OFC subtypes comprising CL/P, and additionally found suggestive evidence of differences in their pathogenesis at 2 loci of genetic overlap. Our novel findings include 6 new loci of genetic overlap between CL/P and CP; 3 new loci between pairwise OFC subtypes; and 4 loci not previously implicated in OFCs. Our in-silico validation showed PLACO is robust to subtype-specific effects, and can achieve massive power gains over existing approaches for identifying genetic overlap between disease subtypes. In summary, we found suggestive evidence for new genetic regions and confirmed some recognized OFC genes either exerting shared risk or with opposite effects on risk to OFC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DR); (THB)
| | - Sowmya Venkataraghavan
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline B. Hetmanski
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ingo Ruczinski
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret A. Taub
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terri H. Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DR); (THB)
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Alighieri C, D'haeseleer E, Bettens K, Bonte K, Vermeersch H, Vermeire N, Claeys M, Sseremba D, Galiwango G, Van Lierde K. Sociodemographics and Quality of Life in Dutch-Speaking Adolescents and Adults With and Without a Cleft Lip and/or Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:S65-S73. [PMID: 34142586 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211024513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of living with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) on sociodemographic variables, quality of life, aesthetics, life satisfaction, and social distress in Dutch-speaking adolescents and adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Thirty Dutch-speaking participants with a CL/P with a mean age of 26.93 years (SD = 11.69) and an age- and gender-matched control group of 30 participants (19 men and 11 women) without a CL/P with a mean age of 26.87 years (SD = 11.73). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported outcomes of sociodemographics, quality of life, aesthetics, life satisfaction, social distress, and impact of cleft on well-being and functioning. RESULTS No significant differences in educational level, employment, monthly net income, marital status, and having children were found between participants with and without a CL/P. In addition, quality of life, overall aesthetics, life satisfaction, and social distress did not differ between the 2 groups. Among participants with CL/P, there were no gender differences in the influence of their CL/P on daily functioning, well-being, social contacts, family life, applying for a job, work, education, or leisure time. CONCLUSION The findings revealed no differences between participants with and without a CL/P with regard to sociodemographics, quality of life, aesthetics, life satisfaction, or social distress. There were no gender differences in the influence of cleft on well-being and functioning. Longitudinal research can help determine possible fluctuations in the impact of living with a CL/P across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Alighieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Bettens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Bonte
- Department of Head and Skin, 26656Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hubert Vermeersch
- Department of Head and Skin, 26656Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Vermeire
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Merel Claeys
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Sseremba
- Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), Kisubi, Uganda
| | - George Galiwango
- Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), Kisubi, Uganda
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, 26656Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan, Ghent, Belgium
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Alawi KA, Shaqsi SA, Ghaithi MA. Awareness of Orofacial Clefts in the Sultanate of Oman. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:708-714. [PMID: 34137299 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211024477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is the most common craniofacial anomaly. In Oman, the incidence of CL/P is estimated to be 1.5 per 1000 live births per year. Knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward CL/P help to optimize the management of the condition and reduce social and emotional stress among this group of children and their family. In this survey, we assessed the public awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward this deformity in the Sultanate of Oman. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted using validated questionnaire that was distributed using Google forms. RESULT A total of 739 participants completed the survey. The majority is aware of cleft lip (86.7%) and palate (63.2%). In general, attitude toward patients with CL/P was positive. Females had higher knowledge compared to males, 54.4% and 32.9%, respectively. Online resources were the main source of information. CONCLUSION There are variations in knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward CL/P among participants. Omani population needs to be educated more about CL/P, its complications if not treated, and the available treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa Al Alawi
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sultan Al Shaqsi
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Curtis SW, Chang D, Sun MR, Epstein MP, Murray JC, Feingold E, Beaty TH, Weinberg SM, Marazita ML, Lipinski RJ, Carlson JC, Leslie EJ. FAT4 identified as a potential modifier of orofacial cleft laterality. Genet Epidemiol 2021; 45:721-735. [PMID: 34130359 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are common (1 in 700 births) congenital malformations that include a cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip and palate (CLP). These OFC subtypes are also heterogeneous themselves, with the CL occurring on the left, right, or both sides of the upper lip. Unilateral CL and CLP have a 2:1 bias towards left-sided clefts, suggesting a nonrandom process. Here, we performed a study of left- and right-sided clefts within the CL and CLP subtypes to better understand the genetic factors controlling cleft laterality. We conducted genome-wide modifier analyses by comparing cases that had right unilateral CL (RCL; N = 130), left unilateral CL (LCL; N = 216), right unilateral CLP (RCLP; N = 416), or left unilateral CLP (LCLP; N = 638), and identified a candidate region on 4q28, 400 kb downstream from FAT4, that approached genome-wide significance for LCL versus RCL (p = 8.4 × 10-8 ). Consistent with its potential involvement as a genetic modifier of CL, we found that Fat4 exhibits a specific domain of expression in the mesenchyme of the medial nasal processes that form the median upper lip. Overall, these results suggest that the epidemiological similarities in left- to right-sided clefts in CL and CLP are not reflected in the genetic association results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W Curtis
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel Chang
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Miranda R Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael P Epstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth M Weinberg
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary L Marazita
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Neela PK, Gosla SR, Husain A, Mohan V, Thumoju S, Rajeshwari BV. Association of Nucleotide Variants of GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 Genes with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With/Without Cleft Palate in Multigenerational Families: A Retrospective Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:138-142. [PMID: 34220153 PMCID: PMC8237814 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_329_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several genes are associated with the etiology of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in different populations. Many nucleotide variants on genes such as GRHL3, IRF6, NAT2, SDC2, BCL3, and PVRL1 were reported in different populations, but not studied in multigenerational cases in the Indian population. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether nucleotide variants rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332 are involved in the etiology of nonsyndromic CLP (NSCLP) in multigenerational Indian families. Study Design: Retrospective genetic study. Materials and Methods: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 multigenerational families with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) were selected. Blood samples from both affected and unaffected participants were collected as a source of genomic DNA. Six nucleotide variants on these genes were genotyped to test for the association with NSCL/P. Genotyping was performed with the MassArray method. Genotype distribution was used to calculate the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium using PLINK, a whole-genome association analysis toolset. The allelic association was compared among cases and controls using Chi-square test as implemented in PLINK. P ≤ 0.05 indicates statistical differences between groups. Results: No significant associations were found between individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms and NSCL/P. The odds ratio was 1.531, 1.198, 0.8082, 1.418, 1, and 0.5929 for polymorphisms rs41268753, rs861020, rs1041983, rs1042381, rs2965169, and rs10790332, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that among the multigenerational families in our population, the high-risk nucleotide variants GRHL3 rs41268753, IRF6 rs861020, NAT2 rs1041983, SDC2 rs1042381, BCL3 rs2965169, and PVRL1 rs10790332 are not associated with increased risk of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Neela
- GSR Institute of Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Orthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Nalgonda, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Reddy Gosla
- GSR Institute of Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India
| | - Akhter Husain
- Department of Orthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
| | - Vasavi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sravya Thumoju
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India
| | - B V Rajeshwari
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Vasavi Medical and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India.,Department of OBG, Surabhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Telangana, India
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69
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Xu Y, Yuan D, Fan Z, Wang S, Du J. Identification and profiles of microRNAs in different development stages of miniature pig secondary palate. Genomics 2021; 113:2634-2644. [PMID: 34118381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the most frequent craniofacial malformation birth defects. Miniature pigs (Sus scrofa) are a valuable alternative large animal model to explore human palate development. Presently, the microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in miniature pigs during palatogenesis from embryonic day (E) 30 to 50 were identified. A total of 2044 known miRNAs and 192 novel miRNAs were identified. The functional characteristics of their potential target genes were identified using Gene Ontology function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. MiRNAs displayed diverse expression levels among the different stages. Using Short Time-series Expression Miner software to investigate the expression patterns of miRNAs from E30-50, all miRNAs were clustered into 20 profiles. The profiles showing miRNAs expression decreased (profile 0)/increased (profile 19) from E30-50 were the main patterns during palatogenesis. Hub genes of four significant modules were identified by weighted correlation network analysis, including ssc-miR-98, ssc-miR-27a_R + 1, and ssc-miR-150, etc. which might be novel potential targets for regulating palate development. The data are expected to improve the understanding of palate development and the etiology of cleft palate in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of geriatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of geriatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao No.10, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Juan Du
- Department of geriatric dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing 100050, China; Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Tiantan Xili No.4, Beijing 100050, China.
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70
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Mukhopadhyay N, Feingold E, Moreno-Uribe L, Wehby G, Valencia-Ramirez LC, Muñeton CPR, Padilla C, Deleyiannis F, Christensen K, Poletta FA, Orioli IM, Hecht JT, Buxó CJ, Butali A, Adeyemo WL, Vieira AR, Shaffer JR, Murray JC, Weinberg SM, Leslie EJ, Marazita ML. Genome-Wide Association Study of Non-syndromic Orofacial Clefts in a Multiethnic Sample of Families and Controls Identifies Novel Regions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621482. [PMID: 33898419 PMCID: PMC8062975 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most prevalent craniofacial birth defects worldwide and create a significant public health burden. The majority of OFCs are non-syndromic and vary in prevalence by ethnicity. Africans have the lowest prevalence of OFCs (~ 1/2,500), Asians have the highest prevalence (~1/500), Europeans and Latin Americans lie somewhere in the middle (~1/800 and 1/900, respectively). Thus, ethnicity appears to be a major determinant of the risk of developing OFC. The Pittsburgh Orofacial Clefts Multiethnic study was designed to explore this ethnic variance, comprising a large number of families and individuals (~12,000 individuals) from multiple populations worldwide: US and Europe, Asians, mixed Native American/Caucasians, and Africans. In this current study, we analyzed 2,915 OFC cases, 6,044 unaffected individuals related to the OFC cases, and 2,685 controls with no personal or family history of OFC. Participants were grouped by their ancestry into African, Asian, European, and Central and South American subsets, and genome-wide association run on the combined sample as well as the four ancestry-based groups. We observed 22 associations to cleft lip with or without cleft palate at 18 distinct loci with p-values < 1e-06, including 10 with genome-wide significance (<5e-08), in the combined sample and within ancestry groups. Three loci - 2p12 (rs62164740, p = 6.27e-07), 10q22.2 (rs150952246, p = 3.14e-07), and 10q24.32 (rs118107597, p = 8.21e-07) are novel. Nine were in or near known OFC loci - PAX7, IRF6, FAM49A, DCAF4L2, 8q24.21, NTN1, WNT3-WNT9B, TANC2, and RHPN2. The majority of the associations were observed only in the combined sample, European, and Central and South American groups. We investigated whether the observed differences in association strength were (a) purely due to sample sizes, (b) due to systematic allele frequency difference at the population level, or (c) due to the fact certain OFC-causing variants confer different amounts of risk depending on ancestral origin, by comparing effect sizes to observed allele frequencies of the effect allele in our ancestry-based groups. While some of the associations differ due to systematic differences in allele frequencies between groups, others show variation in effect size despite similar frequencies across ancestry groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Eleanor Feingold
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lina Moreno-Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics, The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - George Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | | | - Carmencita Padilla
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Fernando A. Poletta
- CEMIC: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ieda M. Orioli
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carmen J. Buxó
- Dental and Craniofacial Genomics Core, School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Wasiu L. Adeyemo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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71
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Nasreddine G, El Hajj J, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M. Orofacial clefts embryology, classification, epidemiology, and genetics. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2021; 787:108373. [PMID: 34083042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) rank as the second most common congenital birth defect in the United States after Down syndrome and are the most common head and neck congenital malformations. They are classified as cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). OFCs have significant psychological and socio-economic impact on patients and their families and require a multidisciplinary approach for management and counseling. A complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors contributes to the incidence and clinical presentation of OFCs. In this comprehensive review, the embryology, classification, epidemiology and etiology of clefts are thoroughly discussed and a "state-of-the-art" snapshot of the recent advances in the genetics of OFCs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenwa Nasreddine
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joelle El Hajj
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon.
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72
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Indencleef K, Hoskens H, Lee MK, White JD, Liu C, Eller RJ, Naqvi S, Wehby GL, Moreno Uribe LM, Hecht JT, Long RE, Christensen K, Deleyiannis FW, Walsh S, Shriver MD, Richmond S, Wysocka J, Peeters H, Shaffer JR, Marazita ML, Hens G, Weinberg SM, Claes P. The Intersection of the Genetic Architectures of Orofacial Clefts and Normal Facial Variation. Front Genet 2021; 12:626403. [PMID: 33692830 PMCID: PMC7937973 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.626403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Unaffected relatives of individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) show distinctive facial features. The presence of this facial endophenotype is potentially an expression of underlying genetic susceptibility to NSCL/P in the larger unselected population. To explore this hypothesis, we first partitioned the face into 63 partially overlapping regions representing global-to-local facial morphology and then defined endophenotypic traits by contrasting the 3D facial images from 264 unaffected parents of individuals with NSCL/P versus 3,171 controls. We observed distinct facial features between parents and controls across 59 global-to-local facial segments at nominal significance (p ≤ 0.05) and 52 segments at Bonferroni corrected significance (p < 1.2 × 10-3), respectively. Next, we quantified these distinct facial features as univariate traits in another dataset of 8,246 unaffected European individuals and performed a genome-wide association study. We identified 29 independent genetic loci that were associated (p < 5 × 10-8) with at least one of the tested endophenotypic traits, and nine genetic loci also passed the study-wide threshold (p < 8.47 × 10-10). Of the 29 loci, 22 were in proximity of loci previously associated with normal facial variation, 18 were near genes that show strong evidence in orofacial clefting (OFC), and another 10 showed some evidence in OFC. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for NSCL/P showed associations with the endophenotypic traits. This study thus supports the hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture of normal facial development and OFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijne Indencleef
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Myoung Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Julie D. White
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Chenxing Liu
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan J. Eller
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Sahin Naqvi
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - George L. Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Lina M. Moreno Uribe
- Department of Orthodontics & The Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School and School of Dentistry, UT Health at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ross E. Long
- Lancaster Cleft Palate Clinic, Lancaster, PA, United States
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mark D. Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Stephen Richmond
- Applied Clinical Research and Public Health, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Hilde Peeters
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Greet Hens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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73
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Lyu W, Wanchek T, Wehby GL. The effects of state facial surgery mandates on timeliness of primary cleft repair surgery in the United States. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1620-1627. [PMID: 33586311 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effects of state facial surgery mandates on the timeliness of primary cleft repair surgery for privately insured children with oral clefts in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using IBM Health MarketScan® Database from 2001 to 2017, we estimate regression models separately for age at cleft lip repair and cleft palate repair by having a mandate while considering child-level factors and other state differences. The sample includes 1,451 children who had primary cleft lip repair by age 12 months, and 1,402 children who had primary cleft palate repair by age 18 months. RESULTS A mandate was associated with earlier cleft lip repair by 13 days (95% CI, -21.5 to -4.7 days) when controlling for state differences, regardless if the child had other birth defects. For children needing cleft palate repair, a mandate was associated with earlier surgery by 87 days (95% CI, -136.1 to -38.4 days) only when no other birth defects were present. CONCLUSIONS State facial surgery mandates were associated with earlier cleft lip repair for children with or without other birth defects, and earlier cleft palate repair for children without other birth defects (besides oral clefts). Findings suggest benefits to privately insured children with oral clefts from state mandates to cover needed services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lyu
- Division of Health Systems Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tanya Wanchek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George L Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Economics, Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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74
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Yang W, Guo Y, Ni W, Tian T, Jin L, Liu J, Li Z, Ren A, Wang L. Hypermethylation of WNT3A gene and non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate in association with in utero exposure to lead: A mediation analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111415. [PMID: 33091767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to investigate association between WNT3A methylation and risk of non-syndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P), and examine mediating effect of WNT3A methylation on the association of NSCL/P and lead (Pb) exposure in fetuses. METHODS DNA methylation of WNT3A in umbilical cord blood was determined among 59 NSCL/P cases and 118 non-malformed controls. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the potential mediating effect of WNT3A methylation on association between concentrations of Pb in umbilical cord and risk for NSCL/P. Additionally, an animal experiment in which cleft palates were induced by lead acetate was conducted. RESULTS The overall average methylation level of WNT3A was significant higher in NSCL/P cases as compared to controls. The risk for NSCL/P was increased by 1.90-fold with hypermethylation of WNT3A. Significant correlation was observed between concentrations of Pb in umbilical cord and methylation level of WNT3A. The hypermethylation of WNT3A had a mediating effect by 9.32% of total effect of Pb on NSCL/P risk. Gender-specific association between WNT3A methylation and NSCL/P was observed in male fetuses, and the percentage of the mediating effect increased to 14.28%. Animal experiment of mice showed that maternal oral exposure to lead acetate may result in cleft palate in offspring. CONCLUSION Hypermethylation of WNT3A was associated with the risk for NSCL/P and may be partly explain the association between exposure to Pb and risk for NSCL/P. The teratogenic and fetotoxic effects of Pb were found in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Yang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Guo
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Ni
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Chaudhari PK, Kharbanda OP, Chaudhry R, Pandey RM, Chauhan S, Bansal K, Sokhi RK. Factors Affecting High Caries Risk in Children With and Without Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:1150-1159. [PMID: 33349037 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620980206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to analyze the caries protective factors, salivary parameters, and microbial counts in high caries risk children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING This study was conducted in a tertiary health care teaching hospital in New Delhi, India. PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted in 40 children, 20 with CL/P and 20 without aged between 5 and 12 years. METHODS Children with 2 or more caries lesions in both groups were included in this study. Demographic details, dental caries of affected teeth (World Health Organization criteria for Decayed Missing Filled Teeth [WHO-DMFT] and International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS II]), caries protective factors, salivary parameters, and microbial counts were recorded by one calibrated investigator. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Caries protective factors, salivary parameters, and microbial profile. RESULTS The Chi-square (χ2) test and Pearson correlation were used for statistical analysis. All the children participating in the study brushed their teeth only once in a day and consumed sweets more than twice a day. None of the children had ever received fluoride varnish. Resting saliva had a low buffering capacity in 80% of children with CL/P and 95% of children without CL/P. Microbial assessment of stimulated saliva showed that with the increases in the numbers (DMFT scores ≥4) and severity (ICDAS codes from 1-2 to 5-6) of caries lesions, both Streptococci and Lactobacilli counts were ≥105 colony-forming units/mL of saliva in the both groups. CONCLUSIONS Children with CL/P showed limited access to caries protective measures and low buffering capacity in resting saliva, along with elevated levels of salivary Streptococci and Lactobacilli in stimulated saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Om P Kharbanda
- Dr CG Pandit National Chair of ICMR, Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Burns Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Chaudhry
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashank Chauhan
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive & Burns Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Bansal
- Division of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur Sokhi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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76
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Narumi R, Liu S, Ikeda N, Morita O, Tasaki J. Chemical-Induced Cleft Palate Is Caused and Rescued by Pharmacological Modulation of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway in a Zebrafish Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592967. [PMID: 33381503 PMCID: PMC7767894 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate is one of the most frequent birth defects worldwide. It causes severe problems regarding eating and speaking and requires long-term treatment. Effective prenatal treatment would contribute to reducing the risk of cleft palate. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is critically involved in palatogenesis, and genetic or chemical disturbance of this signaling pathway leads to cleft palate. Presently, preventative treatment for cleft palate during prenatal development has limited efficacy, but we expect that zebrafish will provide a useful high-throughput chemical screening model for effective prevention. To achieve this, the zebrafish model should recapitulate cleft palate development and its rescue by chemical modulation of the Wnt pathway. Here, we provide proof of concept for a zebrafish chemical screening model. Zebrafish embryos were treated with 12 chemical reagents known to induce cleft palate in mammals, and all 12 chemicals induced cleft palate characterized by decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of palatal cells. The cleft phenotype was enhanced by combinatorial treatment with Wnt inhibitor and teratogens. Furthermore, the expression of tcf7 and lef1 as a readout of the pathway was decreased. Conversely, cleft palate was prevented by Wnt agonist and the cellular defects were also prevented. In conclusion, we provide evidence that chemical-induced cleft palate is caused by inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway. Our results indicate that this zebrafish model is promising for chemical screening for prevention of cleft palate as well as modulation of the Wnt pathway as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Narumi
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shujie Liu
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Ikeda
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Osamu Morita
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Ichikai-machi, Japan
| | - Junichi Tasaki
- R&D, Safety Science Research, Kao Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan
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77
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Deep orofacial phenotyping of population-based infants with isolated cleft lip and isolated cleft palate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21666. [PMID: 33303814 PMCID: PMC7730196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78602-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated orofacial clefts (OFC) are common with poorly understood aetiology. Heterogeneous phenotypes and subphenotypes confound aetiological variant findings. To improve OFC phenome understanding, population-based, consecutive, pre-treatment infants with isolated unilateral cleft lip (UCL, n = 183) and isolated cleft palate (CP, n = 83) of similar ancestry were grouped for deep phenotyping. Subphenotypes stratified by gender and cleft severity were evaluated for primary dental malformations and maturation using radiographs. We found that cleft severity and tooth agenesis were inadequate to distinguish heterogeneity in infants with UCL and CP. Both groups featured slow dental maturity, significantly slower in males and the UCL phenotype. In 32.8% of infants with UCL, supernumerary maxillary lateral incisors were present on the cleft lip side, but not in infants with CP, suggesting a cleft dental epithelium and forme fruste cleft dentoalveolus of the UCL subphenotype. The findings underscored the importance of deep phenotyping to disclose occult OFC subphenotypes.
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78
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Rosero-Salazar DH, Carvajal-Monroy PL, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Functional analysis of the rat soft palate by real-time wireless electromyography. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:105021. [PMID: 33348206 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the function of the palatal muscles in vivo by real-time wireless electromyography in rats. The effects of palatal wounding were also analyzed. METHODS Microelectrodes were implanted six rats; in the masseter muscle (two-rats) for comparison, in the unwounded soft palate (two-rats) and the soft palate that received a surgical wound (two-rats). Two weeks after implantation, a wound was made in the soft palate using a 1 mm biopsy-punch. Electromyographic measurements and video-recordings were taken weekly to monitor train-duration and peak-amplitude during eating, grooming and drinking. RESULTS The train-duration of the masseter muscle during eating was 0.49 ± 0.11 s (rat-1) and 0.56 ± 0.09 s (rat-2), which was higher than during grooming. In the unwounded soft palate the train-duration during eating was 0.63 ± 0.12 s (rat-1) and 0.69 ± 0.069 s (rat-2), which was higher than during grooming and drinking. The peak-amplitude for eating in the normal soft palate before surgery was 0.31 ± 0.001 mV (rat-1) and 0.33 ± 0.02 mV (rat-2). This decreased to 0.23 ± 0.03 mV and 0.25 ± 0.11 mV respectively, after surgery. For drinking the peak-amplitude was 0.30 ± 0.01 mV (rat-1) and 0.39 ± 0.01 mV (rat-2) before surgery, which decreased to 0.23 ± 0.09 mV and 0.20 ± 0.14 mV respectively, after surgery. CONCLUSION The reduced peak-amplitude suggests impaired soft palate function after wounding. This is the first study into the in vivo function of the soft palate after surgical wounding. This model will contribute to develop strategies to improve soft palate function in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris H Rosero-Salazar
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | - Paola L Carvajal-Monroy
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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79
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Motch Perrine SM, Wu M, Holmes G, Bjork BC, Jabs EW, Richtsmeier JT. Phenotypes, Developmental Basis, and Genetics of Pierre Robin Complex. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:E30. [PMID: 33291480 PMCID: PMC7768358 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotype currently accepted as Pierre Robin syndrome/sequence/anomalad/complex (PR) is characterized by mandibular dysmorphology, glossoptosis, respiratory obstruction, and in some cases, cleft palate. A causative sequence of developmental events is hypothesized for PR, but few clear causal relationships between discovered genetic variants, dysregulated gene expression, precise cellular processes, pathogenesis, and PR-associated anomalies are documented. This review presents the current understanding of PR phenotypes, the proposed pathogenetic processes underlying them, select genes associated with PR, and available animal models that could be used to better understand the genetic basis and phenotypic variation of PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.W.); (G.H.); (E.W.J.)
| | - Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.W.); (G.H.); (E.W.J.)
| | - Bryan C. Bjork
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (M.W.); (G.H.); (E.W.J.)
| | - Joan T. Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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80
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Chung JH, Yim S, Cho IS, Lim SW, Yang IH, Ha JH, Kim S, Baek SH. Distribution, side involvement, phenotype and associated anomalies of Korean patients with craniofacial clefts from single university hospitalbased data obtained during 1998-2018. Korean J Orthod 2020. [PMID: 33144527 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.6.383.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the distribution, side involvement, phenotype, and associated anomalies of Korean patients with craniofacial clefts (CFC). Methods The samples consisted of 38 CFC patients, who were treated at Seoul National University Dental Hospital during 1998-2018. The Tessier cleft type, sex, side involvement, phenotype, and associated anomalies were investigated using nonparametric statistical analysis. Results The three most common types were #7 cleft, followed by #0 cleft and #14 cleft. There was no difference between the frequency of male and female. Patients with #0 cleft exhibited nasal deformity, bony defect, and missing teeth in the premaxilla, midline cleft lip, and eye problems. A patient with #3 cleft (unilateral type) exhibited bilateral cleft lip and alveolus. All patients with #4 cleft were the bilateral type, including a combination of #3 and #4 clefts, and had multiple missing teeth. A patient with #5 cleft (unilateral type) had a posterior openbite. In patients with #7 cleft, the unilateral type was more prevalent than the bilateral type (87.0% vs. 13.0%, p < 0.001). Sixteen patients showed hemifacial microsomia (HFM), Goldenhar syndrome, and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). There was a significant match in the side involvement of #7 cleft and HFM (87.5%, p < 0.01). Patients with #14 cleft had plagiocephaly, UCLP, or hyperterorbitism. A patient with #30 cleft exhibited tongue tie and missing tooth. Conclusions Due to the diverse associated craniofacial anomalies in patients with CFC, a multidisciplinary approach involving a well-experienced cooperative team is mandatory for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyeok Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunjin Yim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Weon Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Il-Hyung Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Ha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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81
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Chung JH, Yim S, Cho IS, Lim SW, Yang IH, Ha JH, Kim S, Baek SH. Distribution, side involvement, phenotype and associated anomalies of Korean patients with craniofacial clefts from single university hospitalbased data obtained during 1998-2018. Korean J Orthod 2020; 50:383-390. [PMID: 33144527 PMCID: PMC7642224 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2020.50.6.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution, side involvement, phenotype, and associated anomalies of Korean patients with craniofacial clefts (CFC). METHODS The samples consisted of 38 CFC patients, who were treated at Seoul National University Dental Hospital during 1998-2018. The Tessier cleft type, sex, side involvement, phenotype, and associated anomalies were investigated using nonparametric statistical analysis. RESULTS The three most common types were #7 cleft, followed by #0 cleft and #14 cleft. There was no difference between the frequency of male and female. Patients with #0 cleft exhibited nasal deformity, bony defect, and missing teeth in the premaxilla, midline cleft lip, and eye problems. A patient with #3 cleft (unilateral type) exhibited bilateral cleft lip and alveolus. All patients with #4 cleft were the bilateral type, including a combination of #3 and #4 clefts, and had multiple missing teeth. A patient with #5 cleft (unilateral type) had a posterior openbite. In patients with #7 cleft, the unilateral type was more prevalent than the bilateral type (87.0% vs. 13.0%, p < 0.001). Sixteen patients showed hemifacial microsomia (HFM), Goldenhar syndrome, and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). There was a significant match in the side involvement of #7 cleft and HFM (87.5%, p < 0.01). Patients with #14 cleft had plagiocephaly, UCLP, or hyperterorbitism. A patient with #30 cleft exhibited tongue tie and missing tooth. CONCLUSIONS Due to the diverse associated craniofacial anomalies in patients with CFC, a multidisciplinary approach involving a well-experienced cooperative team is mandatory for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyeok Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunjin Yim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Seung-Weon Lim
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Il-Hyung Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Ha
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hak Baek
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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82
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Ma L, Lou S, Miao Z, Yao S, Yu X, Kan S, Zhu G, Yang F, Zhang C, Zhang W, Wang M, Wang L, Pan Y. Identification of novel susceptibility loci for non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13669-13678. [PMID: 33108691 PMCID: PMC7754035 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) have been reported, more novel association signals are remained to be exploited. Here, we performed an in‐depth analysis of our previously published Chinese GWAS cohort study with replication in an extra dbGaP case‐parent trios and another in‐house Nanjing cohort, and finally identified five novel significant association signals (rs11119445: 3’ of SERTAD4, P = 6.44 × 10−14; rs227227 and rs12561877: intron of SYT14, P = 5.02 × 10−13 and 2.80 × 10−11, respectively; rs643118: intron of TRAF3IP3, P = 4.45 × 10−6; rs2095293: intron of NR6A1, P = 2.98 × 10−5). The mean (standard deviation) of the weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) from these SNPs was 1.83 (0.65) for NSCL/P cases and 1.58 (0.68) for controls, respectively (P = 2.67 × 10−16). Rs643118 was identified as a shared susceptible factor of NSCL/P among Asians and Europeans, while rs227227 may contribute to the risk of NSCL/P as well as NSCPO. In addition, sertad4 knockdown zebrafish models resulted in down‐regulation of sox2 and caused oedema around the heart and mandibular deficiency, compared with control embryos. Taken together, this study has improved our understanding of the genetic susceptibility to NSCL/P and provided further clues to its aetiology in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Lou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyue Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyue Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyi Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guirong Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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83
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Sun MR, Chung HM, Matsuk V, Fink DM, Stebbins MJ, Palecek SP, Shusta EV, Lipinski RJ. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in Cranial Neural Crest Cells Regulates Microvascular Morphogenesis in Facial Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:590539. [PMID: 33117819 PMCID: PMC7575766 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway disruption causes craniofacial malformations including orofacial clefts (OFCs) of the lip and palate. In normal craniofacial morphogenesis, Shh signals to multipotent cranial neural crest cells (cNCCs) and was recently discovered to regulate the angiogenic transcriptome, including expression markers of perivascular cells and pericytes. The mural cells of microvasculature, pericytes in the brain and face differentiate from cNCCs, but their role in facial development is not known. Here, we examined microvascular morphogenesis in a mouse model of Shh pathway antagonist-induced cleft lip and the impact of cNCC-specific Shh pathway activation in a cNCC-endothelial cell co-culture system. During cleft pathogenesis in vivo, disrupted microvascular morphogenesis localized with attenuated tissue outgrowth in the medial nasal processes that form the upper lip. In vitro, we found that human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cord formation was not affected by direct Shh pathway perturbation. However, in a co-culture system in which cNCCs directly interact with endothelial cells, cNCC-autonomous Shh pathway activity significantly prolonged endothelial cord network stability. Taken together, these findings support the premise that Shh pathway activation in cNCCs promotes pericyte-like function and microvascular stability. In addition to suggesting a previously unrecognized role for Shh signaling in facial development, these studies also identify perivascular differentiation and microvascular morphogenesis as new focuses for understanding normal and abnormal craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Sun
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Hannah M Chung
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Veronika Matsuk
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dustin M Fink
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew J Stebbins
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Robert J Lipinski
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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84
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Degen M, Girousi E, Feldmann J, Parisi L, La Scala GC, Schnyder I, Schaller A, Katsaros C. A Novel Van der Woude Syndrome-Causing IRF6 Variant Is Subject to Incomplete Non-sense-Mediated mRNA Decay Affecting the Phenotype of Keratinocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:583115. [PMID: 33117810 PMCID: PMC7552806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.583115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is a genetic syndrome that leads to typical phenotypic traits, including lower lip pits and cleft lip/palate (CLP). The majority of VWS-affected patients harbor a pathogenic variant in the gene encoding for the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), a crucial regulator of orofacial development, epidermal differentiation and tissue repair. However, most of the underlying mechanisms leading from pathogenic IRF6 gene variants to phenotypes observed in VWS remain poorly understood and elusive. The availability of one VWS individual within our cohort of CLP patients allowed us to identify a novel VWS-causing IRF6 variant and to functionally characterize it. Using VWS patient-derived keratinocytes, we reveal that most of the mutated IRF6_VWS transcripts are subject to a non-sense-mediated mRNA decay mechanism, resulting in IRF6 haploinsufficiency. While moderate levels of IRF6_VWS remain detectable in the VWS keratinocytes, our data illustrate that the IRF6_VWS protein, which lacks part of its protein-binding domain and its whole C-terminus, is noticeably less stable than its wild-type counterpart. Still, it maintains transcription factor function. As we report and characterize a so far undescribed VWS-causing IRF6 variant, our results shed light on the physiological as well as pathological role of IRF6 in keratinocytes. This acquired knowledge is essential for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to VWS and CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Degen
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eleftheria Girousi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Feldmann
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ludovica Parisi
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio C La Scala
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Schnyder
- University Clinic for Pediatric Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - André Schaller
- Division of Human Genetics, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christos Katsaros
- Laboratory for Oral Molecular Biology, Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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85
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Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, Ji Y, Zhou CJ. Role of epigenetics and miRNAs in orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1635-1659. [PMID: 32926553 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) have multiple etiologies and likely result from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Within the last decade, studies have implicated specific epigenetic modifications and noncoding RNAs as additional facets of OFC etiology. Altered gene expression through DNA methylation and histone modification offer novel insights into how specific genes contribute to distinct OFC subtypes. Epigenetics research has also provided further evidence that cleft lip only (CLO) is a cleft subtype with distinct etiology. Polymorphisms or misexpression of genes encoding microRNAs, as well as their targets, contribute to OFC risk. The ability to experimentally manipulate epigenetic changes and noncoding RNAs in animal models, such as zebrafish, Xenopus, mice, and rats, has offered novel insights into the mechanisms of various OFC subtypes. Although much remains to be understood, recent advancements in our understanding of OFC etiology may advise future strategies of research and preventive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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86
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A Global Evaluation of Surgical Techniques and Results of Unilateral Cleft Lip Repairs. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 31:2276-2279. [DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000006813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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87
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Martin S, McBride M, McGarry K, Hill C. Burden of cleft surgery—a 21-year follow-up of patients with cleft lip and palate. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-020-01633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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88
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Ardouin K, Davis S, Stock NM. Physical Health in Adults Born With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Whole of Life Survey in the United Kingdom. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:153-162. [PMID: 32734770 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620944758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Previous research in the field of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) has indicated a high prevalence of common health concerns, functional difficulties, and additional conditions known to affect long-term physical health, cognitive development, and psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to examine the self-reported physical health of a national sample of adults born with CL/P. Design: Drawing upon previous literature, an online, mixed-methods survey was designed by the Cleft Lip and Palate Association in collaboration with the Centre for Appearance Research at the University of the West of England. A total of 207 eligible responses were received between July and October 2018. Qualitative data were analyzed using inductive content analysis, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A considerable proportion of participants reported one or more comorbid conditions, including common health concerns, difficulties related to language and/or learning, unresolved speech and/or hearing issues, problems with vision, breathing difficulties, and concerns related to eating and drinking. Many participants were unaware of their entitlement to specialist treatment, and some had experienced difficulties accessing specialist services through their general practitioner (GP). Conclusions: Individuals with CL/P may be at risk of physical health issues persisting into adulthood. The monitoring of physical symptoms from an early age is recommended, as is a routine physical assessment for adults returning to the CL/P service later in life. Education for both GPs and adults is warranted. Future studies could investigate the wider prevalence of comorbid conditions in CL/P, in order to better understand the longer-term health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Ardouin
- Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sinéad Davis
- Welsh Centre for Cleft Lip and Palate, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Marie Stock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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89
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Ji Y, Garland MA, Sun B, Zhang S, Reynolds K, McMahon M, Rajakumar R, Islam MS, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhou CJ. Cellular and developmental basis of orofacial clefts. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1558-1587. [PMID: 32725806 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During craniofacial development, defective growth and fusion of the upper lip and/or palate can cause orofacial clefts (OFCs), which are among the most common structural birth defects in humans. The developmental basis of OFCs includes morphogenesis of the upper lip, primary palate, secondary palate, and other orofacial structures, each consisting of diverse cell types originating from all three germ layers: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Cranial neural crest cells and orofacial epithelial cells are two major cell types that interact with various cell lineages and play key roles in orofacial development. The cellular basis of OFCs involves defective execution in any one or several of the following processes: neural crest induction, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, primary cilia formation and its signaling transduction, epithelial seam formation and disappearance, periderm formation and peeling, convergence and extrusion of palatal epithelial seam cells, cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics, and extracellular matrix function. The latest cellular and developmental findings may provide a basis for better understanding of the underlying genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and molecular mechanisms of OFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael A Garland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kurt Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Moira McMahon
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Ratheya Rajakumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Mohammad S Islam
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chengji J Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine of Shriners Hospitals for Children, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (BMCDB) graduate group, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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90
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Freiberger K, Hemker S, McAnally R, King R, Meyers-Wallen VN, Schutte BC, Fyfe JC. Secondary Palate Development in the Dog ( Canis lupus familiaris). Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:230-236. [PMID: 32705901 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620943771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the gestational timing of morphologic events in normal canine secondary palate development as a baseline for studies in dog models of isolated cleft palate (CP). METHODS Beagle and beagle/cocker spaniel-hybrid fetal dogs were obtained by cesarean-section on various days of gestation, timed from the initial rise of serum progesterone concentration. Morphology of fetal heads was determined by examining serial coronal sections. RESULTS On gestational day 35 (d35), the palatal shelves pointed ventrally alongside the tongue. On d36, palatal shelves were elongated and elevated to a horizontal position above the tongue but were not touching. On d37, palatine shelves and vomer were touching, but the medial epithelial seam (MES) between the apposed shelves remained. Immunostaining with epithelial protein markers showed that the MES gradually dissolved and was replaced by mesenchyme during d37-d44, and palate fusion was complete by d44. Examination of remnant MES suggested that fusion of palatal shelves began in mid-palate and moved rostrally and caudally. CONCLUSION Palate development occurs in dogs in the steps described in humans and mice, but palate closure occurs at an intermediate time in gestation. These normative data will form the basis of future studies to determine pathophysiologic mechanisms in dog models of CP. Added clinical significance is the enhancement of dogs as a large animal model to test new approaches for palate repair, with the obvious advantage of achieving full maturity within 2 years rather than 2 decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Freiberger
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, 3078Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Shelby Hemker
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, 3078Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ryan McAnally
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, 3078Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rachel King
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, 3078Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Brian C Schutte
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, 3078Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Pediatrics & Human Development, 3078Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - John C Fyfe
- Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, 3078Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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91
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Machado RA, de Oliveira Silva C, Martelli-Junior H, das Neves LT, Coletta RD. Machine learning in prediction of genetic risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts in the Brazilian population. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1273-1280. [PMID: 32617779 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic variants in multiple genes and loci have been associated with the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL ± P). However, the estimation of risk remains challenge, because most of these variants are population-specific rendering the identification of the underlying genetic risk difficult. Herein we examined the use of machine learning network in previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to predict risk of NSCL ± P in the Brazilian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Random forest and neural network methods were applied in 72 SNPs in a case-control sample composed by 722 NSCL ± P and 866 controls for discrimination of NSCL ± P risk. SNP-SNP interactions and functional annotation biological processes associated with the identified NSCL ± P risk genes were verified. RESULTS Supervised random forest decision trees revealed high scores of importance for the SNPs rs11717284 and rs1875735 in FGF12, rs41268753 in GRHL3, rs2236225 in MTHFD1, rs2274976 in MTHFR, rs2235371 and rs642961 in IRF6, rs17085106 in RHPN2, rs28372960 in TCOF1, rs7078160 in VAX1, rs10762573 and rs2131960 in VCL, and rs227731 in 17q22, with an accuracy of 99% and an error rate of approximately 3% to predict the risk of NSCL ± P. Those same 13 SNPs were considered the most important for the neural network to effectively predict NSCL ± P risk, with an overall accuracy of 94%. Multivariate regression model revealed significant interactions among all SNPs, with an exception of those in FGF12 and MTHFD1. The most significantly biological processes for selected genes were those involved in tissue and epithelium development; neural tube closure; and metabolism of methionine, folate, and homocysteine. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide novel clues for genetic mechanism studies of NSCL ± P and point out for a machine learning model composed by 13 SNPs that is capable of predicting NSCL ± P risk. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although validation is necessary, this genetic panel can be useful in the near future to assist in NSCL ± P genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Assis Machado
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13414-018, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Oliveira Silva
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13414-018, Brazil
| | - Hercílio Martelli-Junior
- Stomatology Clinic, Dental School, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Center for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Dental School, University of José Rosario Vellano, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Teixeira das Neves
- Post-Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, CEP 13414-018, Brazil.
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92
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Agnew CM, Foster Page LA, Hibbert S, Thomson WM. Family Impact of Child Oro-Facial Cleft. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 57:1291-1297. [PMID: 32602353 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620936442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the association between children's orofacial cleft (OFC) and families' quality of life (QoL), using the short-form Family Impact Scale questionnaire (FIS-SF). Also assessed were the psychometric properties of the FIS-SF, as well as whether certain demographic and clinical variables impacted the family. DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING Tertiary care public children's hospital in New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS Parents/caregivers of children with OFC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The short-form Family Impact Scale questionnaire. RESULTS Two hundred and fourteen parents completed the FIS-SF. Excellent convergent validity was evident, but discriminant validity was weaker. Those children with velopharyngeal insufficiency/submucous cleft reported lower scores on the family/parental activity, and lower overall family impact scores than those with cleft lip (CL) or cleft palate (CP). Those with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) had poorer family/parental activity scores than those with CP. There were no systematic differences in FIS-SF scores by the child's age, gender, private health insurance, living location, the number of cleft-related operations, or whether a child had commenced orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS The FIS-SF is a valid and reliable measure for determining the impact that OFC has on family QoL. The impact of OFC on children's families differs according to cleft type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Agnew
- Hospital and Specialist Dentistry, 1387Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lyndie A Foster Page
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, 2495The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sally Hibbert
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William M Thomson
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, School of Dentistry, 2495The University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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93
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Kuijpers MAR, Maal TJJ, Meulstee JW, Carels CEL, Bronkhorst EM, Bergé SJ, Fudalej PS. Nasolabial shape and aesthetics in unilateral cleft lip and palate: an analysis of nasolabial shape using a mean 3D facial template. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:267-272. [PMID: 32605823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the amount of deviation in nasolabial shape in patients with a cleft compared with an average non-cleft face, and to assess whether this difference is related to nasolabial aesthetics. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetric images of 60 patients with a unilateral cleft were used. To quantify shape differences, four average non-cleft faces were constructed from stereophotogrammetric images of 141 girls and 60 boys. Three-dimensional shape differences were calculated between superimposed cleft faces and the average non-cleft face for the same sex and age group. Nasolabial aesthetics were rated with the modified Asher-McDade Aesthetic Index using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Mean VAS scores ranged from 51.44 to 60.21 for clefts, with lower aesthetic ratings associated with increasing cleft severity. Shape differences were found between cleft faces and the average non-cleft face. No relationship was found for the VAS, age, and sex, except that a lower VAS was related to a higher nose and lip distance between the superimposed cleft and average non-cleft faces for nasal profile (P= 0.02), but the explained variance was low (R2=0.066). In conclusion, except for nasal profile, nasolabial aesthetics were not influenced by the extent of shape differences from the average non-cleft face.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A R Kuijpers
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Cleft Palate Craniofacial Unit, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - T J J Maal
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Meulstee
- Radboudumc 3D Lab, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C E L Carels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E M Bronkhorst
- Department of Dentistry, Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Dentistry, Section of Cariology and Endodontology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - S J Bergé
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P S Fudalej
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Orthodontics, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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94
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Xu Y, Xie B, Shi J, Li J, Zhou C, Lu W, Xu F, He F. Distinct Expression of miR-378 in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate: A Cogitation of Skewed Sex Ratio in Prevalence. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:61-71. [PMID: 32580581 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620935364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (NSCL/P) is an isolated phenotype of orofacial clefts with skewed sex ratio in prevalence. This study aims to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and microRNAs (DEMs) of NSCL/P by integrated bioinformatics analysis, revealing mechanisms for sexual dimorphism in prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, we downloaded the expression profile data from Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify DEGs and DEMs. Second, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses performed DEGs' functions. Then, clustered DEGs were identified through protein-protein interaction networks. Combining clustered DEGs with key genes searched in GeneCards enlarged NSCL/P-related genes. Moreover, the genes were linked by transcription factors (TFs). Subsequently, connected by the above TFs, DEMs and genes were used to establish the miRNA-TF-messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory networks. RESULTS The DEGs in sex-ignored group, female-only group, and male-only group were obtained, respectively. Among the DEMs, miR-378 was downregulated in females but upregulated in males. In female-only group, the miRNA-TF-mRNA regulatory networks showed miR-378-SP1-POLE2/CDK6/EZR regulatory axis was found to be key candidates of NSCL/P. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that different expression of miR-378 is consistent with the skewed sex ratio in the prevalence of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzi Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, 56660Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Periodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Stomatology, 12377Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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95
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Quality of life in early age Spanish children treated for cleft lip and/or palate: a case-control study approach. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:477-485. [PMID: 32556577 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 4-7-year-old children treated for cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) compared to healthy controls and to estimate a possible association with cleft type, gender, age, and surgical re-interventions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 171 children with CL/P (mean age 5.7 years) and 186 healthy controls (mean age 5.5 years) were included in the study. Sixty-four (37.4%) children experienced both cleft lip and palate, 56 (32.8%) cleft lip only, and 51 (29.8%) cleft palate only. HRQoL in children was assessed by Kiddy-KINDL and COHIP-14 questionnaires and in parents by KINDL-p. Total score and dimensions of each questionnaire were compared between cleft children, their parents, and controls. RESULTS The total scores and dimension scores of Kiddy-KINDL showed similar values between CL/P and control groups, except for "self-esteem" dimension (p = 0.036). The comparison of Kiddy-KINDL and KINDL-p showed a statistically significant total score (82.11 vs. 80.44, p = 0.047). The CL/P group presented significantly worse values with respect to controls in total score of COHIP-14 (10.53 vs 5.01, p < 0.001) and in all its dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Children treated for CL/P had a negative impact on HRQoL at early age compared to controls. Significant differences were found in the psychological and functional dimensions related to lip and palatal affectation, respectively. Parents reported significantly worse scores than their children. HRQoL measurement provided valuable complementary information to better inform to parents and make clinical decisions in children with CL/P at early age. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings suggested that Spanish children between 4 and 7 years of age with a history of surgically treated CL/P experienced a poorer HRQoL when compared with their non-cleft peers.
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96
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Linnenkamp BDW, Raskin S, Esposito SE, Herai RH. A comprehensive analysis of AHRR gene as a candidate for cleft lip with or without cleft palate. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 785:108319. [PMID: 32800270 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) is among the most common congenital malformations and affects 1 in 700 newborns. CL/P is caused by genetic and environmental factors (maternal smoking, alcohol or drug use and others). Many genes and loci were associated with cleft lip/palate but the amount of heterogeneity justifies identifying new causal genes and variants. AHRR (Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor) gene has recently been related to CL/P however, few functional studies analyze the genotypephenotype interaction of AHRR with CL/P. Several studies associate the molecular pathway of AHRR to CL/P which indicates this gene as a functional candidate in CL/P etiology. METHODS Systematic Literature Review was performed using PUBMED database with the keywords cleft lip, cleft palate, orofacial cleft, AHRR and synonyms. SLR resulted in 37 included articles. RESULTS AHRR is a positional and functional candidate gene for CL/P. In silico analysis detected interactions with other genes previously associated to CL/P like ARNT and CYP1A1. AHRR protein regulates cellular toxicity through TCDD mediated AHR pathway. Exposure to TCDD in animal embryos is AHR mediated and lead to cleft palate due to palate fusion failure and post fusion rupture. AHRR regulates cellular growth and differentiation, fundamental to lip and palatogenesis. AHRR decreases carcinogenesis and recently a higher tumor risk has been described in CL/P patients and families. AHRR is also a smoking biomarker due to changed methylation sites found in smokers DNA although folate intake may partially revert these methylation alterations. This corroborates the role of maternal smoking and lack of folate supplementation as risk factors for CL/P. CONCLUSION This research identified the importance of AHRR in dioxin response and demonstrated an example of genetic and environmental interaction, indispensable in the development of many complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Domit Werner Linnenkamp
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Salmo Raskin
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selene Elifio Esposito
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberto Hirochi Herai
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Research Department, Lico Kaesemodel Institute (ILK), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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97
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a comprehensive review of state laws and regulations that require private health insurance plans to cover the services needed by children born with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P). The goal is to better understand how states are reducing the barriers children with CL/P face when seeking recommended health care services. DESIGN We identified all state laws and regulations mandating insurance coverage of services for children with CL/P by private insurance carriers from 1999 through 2017 using Westlaw legal database. We categorized laws and regulations into ten services: facial surgery (facial, corrective, reconstructive), oral surgery, orthodontics, dental care, habilitation/rehabilitation/speech therapy, prosthetic treatment, audiology, nutrition counseling, genetic testing, and psychological counseling. We also captured broad mandates indicating coverage for all necessary treatments. RESULTS There was a trend toward increased coverage of services for CL/P over time. In 1999, 27 states and Washington, DC did not have relevant laws or regulations. By 2017, there were 19 states without laws or regulations mandating services. The most common mandated service was facial surgery followed by habilitation/rehabilitation/speech therapy, orthodontics, dental care, and oral surgery. Nutrition, audiology, genetic testing and psychological counseling were rarely included in mandated services. CONCLUSIONS States vary widely in their requirements for coverage of services needed by children with CL/P in private health insurance plans. There has been an increase in mandates over the past two decades to cover services, although significant variation continues to exist across states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Wanchek
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George Wehby
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA, USA
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98
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Grollemund B, Dissaux C, Gavelle P, Martínez CP, Mullaert J, Alfaiate T, Guedeney A. The impact of having a baby with cleft lip and palate on parents and on parent-baby relationship: the first French prospective multicentre study. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:230. [PMID: 32423402 PMCID: PMC7236125 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this prospective, multidisciplinary and multicenter study was to explore the effect of a cleft lip, associated or not with a cleft palate, on parents, on parent-infant relationship, and on the baby's relational development. It also highlighted how the type of cleft and the timing of the surgery could impact this effect. METHOD 158 infants, with Cleft lip with or without Palate, and their parents participated in this multicenter prospective cohort. Clinical evaluations were performed at 4 and 12 months postpartum. The impact on the parents and on the parent-infant relationship was evaluated by the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), the Edinburgh Post-partum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Impact-on-Family Scale (IOFS). The relational development of the infant was assessed using the Alarm Distress Baby Scale (ADBB). The main criteria used to compare the infants were the severity of cleft and the time of surgery. RESULTS The timing of surgery, the type of malformation or the care structure had no effect on social withdrawal behaviors of the child at 4 and 12 months postpartum (ADBB). Furthermore, early intervention significantly decreased maternal stress assessed with the PSI at 4 months. Parents for whom it had been possible to give a prenatal diagnosis were much better prepared to accept the waiting time between birth and the first surgical intervention (IOFS). Higher postpartum depression scores (EPDS) were found for both parents compared to the general population. CONCLUSION A joint assessment of the mental health of both infants and parents is required in the follow-up of cleft lip and palate. Even if most families are remarkably resilient faced with this major cause of stress, a significant proportion of them could require help to deal with the situation, especially during this first year of follow-up. An assessment of the child's social withdrawal behaviour and of the parental stress and depression appears useful, in order to adapt care to infant and parent's needs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00993993. Registered 10/14/2009 <.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Grollemund
- Département d’Orthopédie Dento-Faciale, Pôle de médecine et chirurgie buccodentaires, Cleft Competence Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, Place de l’Hôpital 1, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Dissaux
- Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery Department (Head: Prof. C. Bruant-Rodier), Cleft Competence Center, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1 place de l’Hôpital Civil, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascale Gavelle
- Hôpital Necker Enfants malades, Paris France. Service de chirurgie maxillo-faciale et plastique. Centre de référence des fentes et malformations faciales, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Jimmy Mullaert
- Département d’Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Unité de Recherche Clinique HUPNVS Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Toni Alfaiate
- Département d’Epidémiologie, Biostatistique et Recherche Clinique, Unité de Recherche Clinique HUPNVS; INSERM CIC-EC, 1425 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Guedeney
- HUPNVS Hôpital Bichat - Claude-Bernard, Univ Paris Denis Diderot, CESP Inserm U 1178 et LPPS, 4057 Paris, EA France
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Sato Y, Yoshioka E, Saijo Y, Miyamoto T, Sengoku K, Azuma H, Tanahashi Y, Ito Y, Kobayashi S, Minatoya M, Bamai YA, Yamazaki K, Itoh S, Miyashita C, Araki A, Kishi R. Population Attributable Fractions of Modifiable Risk Factors for Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Prospective Cohort Study From the Japan Environment and Children's Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:272-279. [PMID: 32336698 PMCID: PMC7940975 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20190347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population impact of modifiable risk factors on orofacial clefts is still unknown. This study aimed to estimate population attributable fractions (PAFs) of modifiable risk factors for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) and cleft palate only (CP) in Japan. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which recruited pregnant women from 2011 to 2014. We estimated the PAFs of maternal alcohol consumption, psychological distress, maternal active and passive smoking, abnormal body mass index (BMI) (<18.5 and ≥25 kg/m2), and non-use of a folic acid supplement during pregnancy for nonsyndromic CL±P and CP in babies. Results A total of 94,174 pairs of pregnant women and their single babies were included. Among them, there were 146 nonsyndromic CL±P cases and 41 nonsyndromic CP cases. The combined adjusted PAF for CL±P of the modifiable risk factors excluding maternal alcohol consumption was 34.3%. Only maternal alcohol consumption was not associated with CL±P risk. The adjusted PAFs for CL±P of psychological distress, maternal active and passive smoking, abnormal BMI, and non-use of a folic acid supplement were 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], −10.7 to 15.1%), 9.9% (95% CI, −7.0 to 26.9%), 10.8% (95% CI, −9.9 to 30.3%), 2.4% (95% CI, −7.5 to 14.0%), and 15.1% (95% CI, −17.8 to 41.0%), respectively. We could not obtain PAFs for CP due to the small sample size. Conclusions We reported the population impact of the modifiable risk factors on CL±P, but not CP. This study might be useful in planning the primary prevention of CL±P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Sato
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Eiji Yoshioka
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Yasuaki Saijo
- Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University
| | | | - Kazuo Sengoku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Hiroshi Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University
| | | | - Yoshiya Ito
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Hokkaido College of Nursing
| | | | | | - Yu Ait Bamai
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Keiko Yamazaki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University
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100
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Acum M, Mastroyannopoulou K, O'Curry S, Young J. The Psychosocial Patient-Reported Outcomes of End of Pathway Cleft Surgery: A Systematic Review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 57:990-1007. [PMID: 32174163 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620911328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify and review the literature on the psychosocial patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of surgery at the end of the cleft treatment pathway. DESIGN A systematic literature search was performed using electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Science Direct) from database inception to September 2017, to identify studies measuring and reporting the psychosocial PROs of end of pathway cleft surgery. RESULTS Of 263 identified papers, 22 studies were eligible for inclusion. Apart from one randomized controlled study, studies were largely observational and adopted a cross-sectional or retrospective design. The majority (n = 16) were small-scale studies. The methodological quality was variable in terms of what, how, and when psychosocial outcomes were measured and reported. None of the studies utilized a psychosocial PRO measure validated in the cleft population, and few studies measured outcomes prospectively. A high proportion of studies utilized bespoke measures of patient satisfaction. Taken together, findings from the included studies are tentative but seem to suggest patients derive some benefit from undergoing end of pathway cleft surgery, in terms of increased satisfaction, quality of life, social interactions, and decreased appearance-related distress. CONCLUSIONS Due to methodological challenges and the heterogeneity of what, how, and when outcomes are measured and currently reported, it is difficult to determine the psychosocial PROs of end of pathway cleft surgeries. Consequently, this review advocates the conduct of well-designed, longitudinal studies using cleft-sensitive tool/s to capture the psychosocial PROs of end of pathway cleft surgery at various time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Acum
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Elizabeth House, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kiki Mastroyannopoulou
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sara O'Curry
- Psychological Medicine for Children, Young People and their Families, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Young
- University of East Anglia, Addenbrooke's Cambridge University Hospital Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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