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Sokolowski HM, Ansari D. Understanding the effects of education through the lens of biology. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2018; 3:17. [PMID: 30631478 PMCID: PMC6220263 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-018-0032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Early educational interventions aim to close gaps in achievement levels between children. However, early interventions do not eliminate individual differences in populations and the effects of early interventions often fade-out over time, despite changes of the mean of the population immediately following the intervention. Here, we discuss biological factors that help to better understand why early educational interventions do not eliminate achievement gaps. Children experience and respond to educational interventions differently. These stable individual differences are a consequence of biological mechanisms that support the interplay between genetic predispositions and the embedding of experience into our biology. Accordingly, we argue that it is not plausible to conceptualize the goals of educational interventions as both a shifting of the mean and a narrowing of the distribution of a particular measure of educational attainment assumed to be of utmost importance (such as a standardized test score). Instead of aiming to equalize the performance of students, the key goal of educational interventions should be to maximize potential at the individual level and consider a kaleidoscope of educational outcomes across which individuals vary. Additionally, in place of employing short-term interventions in the hope of achieving long-term gains, educational interventions need to be sustained throughout development and their long-term, rather than short-term, efficacy be evaluated. In summary, this paper highlights how biological research is valuable for driving a re-evaluation of how educational success across development can be conceptualized and thus what policy implications may be drawn.
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52
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Sun MK. Executive functioning: perspectives on neurotrophic activity and pharmacology. Behav Pharmacol 2018; 29:592-604. [PMID: 30179884 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Executive functioning is a high-level cognitive ability, regulating other abilities and behaviors to achieve desired goals. A typical executive task can be defined as the capacity to maintain one's attention on the current task, that is, responding only to the correct but not to distractive stimuli. Impairments of executive functions, or executive dysfunctions, have a growing impact on everyday life and academic achievement and are usually an early feature, and one of the core features, in brain injury and memory and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that memory therapeutics cannot achieve their clinical benefits in cognition if executive dysfunction is not effectively and simultaneously treated. Improvement of executive functions might be achieved through targeting some signaling pathways in the brain, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathways. These agents may be useful either as stand-alone interventions for patients with executive dysfunction and/or psychiatric and memory disorders or as essential adjuncts to drugs that target the underlying pathology in various brain injury and memory and behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Kun Sun
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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53
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Wu TH, Karim N, Moscow JA. Distinguishing mechanisms of adverse drug reactions from mechanisms of actions of drugs. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32404-32405. [PMID: 30197750 PMCID: PMC6126701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hui Wu
- Jeffrey A. Moscow: Department of Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nagla Karim
- Jeffrey A. Moscow: Department of Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Moscow
- Jeffrey A. Moscow: Department of Investigational Drug Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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54
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Cheung YT, Khan RB, Liu W, Brinkman TM, Edelmann MN, Reddick WE, Pei D, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Srivastava D, Cheng C, Robison LL, Hudson MM, Pui CH, Krull KR. Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury With Neurocognitive and Brain Imaging Outcomes in Children Receiving Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. JAMA Oncol 2018; 4:e180089. [PMID: 29596541 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance Little is known about treatment-related neurotoxic mechanisms in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with chemotherapy only. Objective To examine concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of brain injury at ALL diagnosis and during cancer therapy and to evaluate associations with long-term neurocognitive and neuroimaging outcomes and relevant genetic polymorphisms. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study included 235 patients with ALL who received a chemotherapy-only protocol. Patients provided CSF samples after diagnosis and throughout treatment. At 5 or more years after the diagnosis, 138 (69.7%) of 198 eligible survivors participated in long-term follow-up assessments. Children were treated from June 1, 2000, through October 31, 2010. Follow-up was completed on October 21, 2014, and data were analyzed from August 1, 2015, through September 30, 2016. Exposures Plasma concentration of high-dose intravenous methotrexate sodium and number of triple intrathecal chemotherapy injections. Main Outcomes and Measures The CSF samples were assayed at 5 points from diagnosis to reinduction for biomarkers of myelin degradation (myelin basic protein [MBP]), neuronal damage (nerve growth factor [NGF] and total and phosphorylated tau protein), astrogliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]), and neuroinflammation (chitotriosidase). DNA was genotyped for polymorphisms in drug metabolism, oxidative stress, and neurodevelopment. Leukoencephalopathy was evaluated by brain imaging. At 5 or more years after the diagnosis, survivors completed neurocognitive testing and brain imaging of white matter integrity. Results Among the 235 patients with CSF samples (120 boys [51.1%] and 115 girls [48.9%]; mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 6.8 [4.7] years), MBP and GFAP levels were elevated at baseline and through consolidation. The number of intrathecal injections was positively correlated with NGF level increase at consolidation (r = 0.19; P = .005). Increases in GFAP (risk ratio [RR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40), MBP (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11), and total tau (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.11-2.78) levels were associated with a higher risk for leukoencephalopathy and higher apparent diffusion coefficient in frontal lobe white matter 5 years after diagnosis (standardized estimate, 0.05; P < .001). Increase in total tau at consolidation was associated with worse attention (omissions z score estimate, -0.20; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance Glial injury may be present at diagnosis of ALL. Neuronal injury was associated with intrathecal chemotherapy. The CSF biomarkers may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for worse neurologic outcomes, particularly those with genetic susceptibility to poor brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Ting Cheung
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Raja B Khan
- Department of Neurology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tara M Brinkman
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Michelle N Edelmann
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver
| | - Wilburn E Reddick
- Department of Diagnosis Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Deqing Pei
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Pediatric Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Deokumar Srivastava
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Melissa M Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Psychology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Rosso AL, Metti AL, Glynn NW, Boudreau RM, Rejeski WJ, Bohnen N, Chen H, Johannsen NM, King AC, Manini TM, Pahor M, Studenski SA, Fragoso CAV, Rosano C. Dopamine-Related Genotypes and Physical Activity Change During an Intervention: The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 66:1172-1179. [PMID: 29637543 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether intervention-induced physical activity (PA) changes in sedentary older adults differed according to dopamine-related genotype. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial (Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Trial (2010-13)). SETTING Multicenter study, 8 U.S. LOCATIONS PARTICIPANTS Volunteer sample of sedentary adults aged 70 to 89 at risk of disability (N=1635). INTERVENTIONS Structured PA versus health education (HE) for an average of 2.6 years. MEASUREMENTS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of dopamine-related genes (dopamine receptor (DR) D1, DRD2, DRD3, and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)) were assessed. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was calculated using accelerometry (min/d) at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Between-arm MVPA differences according to genotype and genotype with square root-transformed MVPA separately according to arm were tested, stratified according to race, and adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS White participants in the PA arm (n=513) had higher average square root transformed MVPA (4.91±1.91)than those in the HE arm (n=538) (4.51±1.82) (p=.001). Between-arm differences were greater for DRD2 Met/Met (high dopamine; HE: 4.76±1.80, PA: 5.53±1.60, p=.03) than Val/Val (low dopamine; HE: 4.58±1.92, PA: 4.81±1.83, p=.16); results were similar for COMT. In the PA arm, DRD2 Met/Met was associated with higher average MVPA (5.39±2.00) than Met/Val (4.46±2.51) (p=.01) and Val/Val (4.65±2.71) (p=.01). There were no associations for other genes. Associations were not significant in blacks but followed similar trends. CONCLUSION Higher dopamine signaling may support changes in PA during an intervention. The role of dopamine-related pathways in promoting PA participation and enhancing response to interventions in sedentary older adults should be studied. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01072500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea L Metti
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy W Glynn
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert M Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - W Jack Rejeski
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Nicolaas Bohnen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Neil M Johannsen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Carlos A Vaz Fragoso
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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56
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Collantoni E, Solmi M, Gallicchio D, Santonastaso P, Meneguzzo P, Carvalho AF, Stubbs B, Clementi M, Pinato C, Forzan M, Cassina M, Fontana F, Piva I, Siani R, Salvo P, Tenconi E, Veronese N, Correll CU, Favaro A. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Polymorphism and Eating Disorders: Data From a New Biobank and Meta-Analysis of Previously Published Studies. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 25:524-532. [PMID: 29057600 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism is associated with eating disorders (EDs). METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of studies published until 15 January 2017 and added data from the Italian 'Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi Alimentari' biobank, performing a meta-analysis comparing COMT Val158Met genotype and allele frequencies in EDs and anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) patients versus controls. RESULTS Ten studies plus Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi Alimentari (ED: n = 920, controls: n = 261 controls) with 3541 ED patients (AN = 2388; BN = 233) and 3684 controls were included. There were no significant group differences in COMT Val158Met alleles and genotype frequencies between patients and controls, for all EDs pooled together [range of odds ratios (ORs): 0.96-1.04, p-values: 0.46-0.97, I2 = 0%] and when analysing separately patients with AN (ORs: 0.94-1.04, p-values: 0.31-0.61, I2 = 0%) or BN (ORs: 0.80-1.09, p-values: 0.28-0.64, I2 = 0-44%). CONCLUSIONS Meta-analysing data results from 11 studies and 7225 subjects show that COMT Val158Met polymorphism is not associated with EDs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Collantoni
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Marco Solmi
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Davide Gallicchio
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
- Centro Neuroscienze Cognitive (CNC), University of Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Andrè F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, UK
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinato
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Fontana
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Ivana Piva
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Roberta Siani
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Pierandrea Salvo
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
| | - Elena Tenconi
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
- Centro Neuroscienze Cognitive (CNC), University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry Research, Northwell Health, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine Hempstead, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Angela Favaro
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy
- BIO.VEDA Group (Biobanca Veneta per i Disturbi dell'Alimentazione: Biobank of the Veneto Region Eating Disorders Units), Italy
- Centro Neuroscienze Cognitive (CNC), University of Padua, Italy
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57
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Gabrys RL, Dixon K, Anisman H. Traumatic Life Events in Relation to Cognitive Flexibility: Moderating Role of the BDNF Val66Met Gene Polymorphism. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:241. [PMID: 29276480 PMCID: PMC5727074 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility plays an important role in an individual's ability to adapt to a continuously changing environment and is considered central to goal-oriented behavior. Accordingly, increasing attention has been devoted to understanding the factors, including genetic and early life experiences, which might contribute to individual differences in this ability. In the present investigation, we examined the contribution of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism to cognitive flexibility, as assessed by set-shifting ability on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST), and whether this polymorphism moderated the relation between trauma experiences (including type and timing of trauma occurrence) and cognitive flexibility. Among undergraduate students (N = 239), greater frequency of total traumas experienced prior to the age 5 was associated with greater difficulties in set-shifting (as indexed by more frequent perseverative errors on the WCST) among individuals carrying the Met allele of the BDNF polymorphism, but not those who were Val homozygotes. By contrast, total traumas experienced between the age of 6 to 12 and 13 to 18 were not related to set-shifting ability, and these relations were not moderated by BDNF genotype. Moreover, greater frequency of general traumas and emotional abuse was associated with set-shifting difficulties for both male and female Met allele carriers, but not Val homozygotes. In contrast, physical punishment was related to difficulties in set-shifting, but only among male Met carriers, an effect that was likely attributed to greater frequency of this form of trauma among males. The present findings suggest that the relationship between early life trauma and later-life cognitive flexibility might depend on the presence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism as well as the development stage at which the trauma has occurred. Moreover, the present investigation provides further understanding into the factors (i.e., genetic and early life experiences) that might be associated with individual differences in cognitive functioning and goal-directed behaviors, such as problem-solving and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Gabrys
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kaylyn Dixon
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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58
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Satterfield BC, Hinson JM, Whitney P, Schmidt MA, Wisor JP, Van Dongen HPA. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype affects cognitive control during total sleep deprivation. Cortex 2017; 99:179-186. [PMID: 29248857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive decision making is profoundly impaired by total sleep deprivation (TSD). This suggests that TSD impacts fronto-striatal pathways involved in cognitive control, where dopamine is a key neuromodulator. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC), dopamine is catabolized by the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). A functional polymorphism (Val158Met) influences COMT's enzymatic activity, resulting in markedly different levels of prefrontal dopamine. We investigated the effect of this polymorphism on adaptive decision making during TSD. Sixty-six healthy young adults participated in one of two in-laboratory studies. After a baseline day, subjects were randomized to either a TSD group (n = 32) with 38 h or 62 h of extended wakefulness or a well-rested control group (n = 34) with 10 h nighttime sleep opportunities. Subjects performed a go/no-go reversal learning (GNGr) task at well-rested baseline and again during TSD or equivalent control. During the task, subjects were required to learn stimulus-response relationships from accuracy feedback. The stimulus-response relationships were reversed halfway through the task, which required subjects to learn the new stimulus-response relationships from accuracy feedback. Performance on the GNGr task was quantified by discriminability (d') between go and no-go stimuli before and after the stimulus-response reversal. GNGr performance did not differ between COMT genotypes when subjects were well-rested. However, TSD exposed a significant vulnerability to adaptive decision making impairment in subjects with the Val allele. Our results indicate that sleep deprivation degrades cognitive control through a fronto-striatal, dopaminergic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieann C Satterfield
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - John M Hinson
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Paul Whitney
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Michelle A Schmidt
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Jonathan P Wisor
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Research Center and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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59
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Brooks SJ, Funk SG, Young SY, Schiöth HB. The Role of Working Memory for Cognitive Control in Anorexia Nervosa versus Substance Use Disorder. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1651. [PMID: 29018381 PMCID: PMC5615794 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex executive functions, such as working memory (WM) interact with limbic processes to foster impulse control. Such an interaction is referred to in a growing body of publications by terms such as cognitive control, cognitive inhibition, affect regulation, self-regulation, top-down control, and cognitive–emotion interaction. The rising trend of research into cognitive control of impulsivity, using various related terms reflects the importance of research into impulse control, as failure to employ cognitions optimally may eventually result in mental disorder. Against this background, we take a novel approach using an impulse control spectrum model – where anorexia nervosa (AN) and substance use disorder (SUD) are at opposite extremes – to examine the role of WM for cognitive control. With this aim, we first summarize WM processes in the healthy brain in order to frame a systematic review of the neuropsychological, neural and genetic findings of AN and SUD. In our systematic review of WM/cognitive control, we found n = 15 studies of AN with a total of n = 582 AN and n = 365 HC participants; and n = 93 studies of SUD with n = 9106 SUD and n = 3028 HC participants. In particular, we consider how WM load/capacity may support the neural process of excessive epistemic foraging (cognitive sampling of the environment to test predictions about the world) in AN that reduces distraction from salient stimuli. We also consider the link between WM and cognitive control in people with SUD who are prone to ‘jumping to conclusions’ and reduced epistemic foraging. Finally, in light of our review, we consider WM training as a novel research tool and an adjunct to enhance treatment that improves cognitive control of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Brooks
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabina G Funk
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape TownCape Town, South Africa
| | - Susanne Y Young
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch UniversityBellville, South Africa
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden
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60
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Yang X, Xu Z, Liu L, Liu P, Sun J, Jin L, Zhu Y, Fei N, Qin W. Effects of the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met polymorphism and resting brain functional connectivity on individual differences in tactile cognitive performance in healthy young adults. Neuropsychologia 2017; 102:170-176. [PMID: 28495599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive processes involve input from multiple sensory modalities and obvious differences in the level of cognitive function can be observed between individuals. Evidence to date understanding the biological basis of tactile cognitive variability, however, is limited compared with other forms of sensory cognition. Data from auditory and visual cognition research suggest that variations in both genetics and intrinsic brain function might contribute to individual differences in tactile cognitive performance. In the present study, by using the tactual performance test (TPT), a widely used neuropsychological assessment tool, we investigated the effects of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and resting-state brain functional connectivity (FC) on interindividual variability in TPT performance in healthy, young Chinese adults. Our results showed that the BDNF genotypes and resting-state FC had significant effects on the variability in TPT performance, together accounting for 32.5% and 19.1% of the variance on TPT total score and Memory subitem score respectively. Having fewer Met alleles, stronger anticorrelations between left posterior superior temporal gyrus and somatosensory areas (right postcentral gyrus and right parietal operculum cortex), and greater positive correlation between left parietal operculum cortex and left central opercular cortex, all correspond with better performance of TPT task. And FC between left parietal operculum cortex and left central opercular cortex might be a mediator of the relationship between BDNF genotypes and Memory subitem score. These data demonstrate a novel contribution of intrinsic brain function to tactile cognitive capacity, and further confirm the genetic basis of tactile cognition. Our findings might also explain the interindividual differences in cognitive ability observed in those who are blind and/or deaf from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Ziliang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China; School of Computer and Communication, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 710050, China
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Lingmin Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Ningbo Fei
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.
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Norkett EM, Lincoln SH, Gonzalez-Heydrich J, D'Angelo EJ. Social cognitive impairment in 22q11 deletion syndrome: A review. Psychiatry Res 2017; 253:99-106. [PMID: 28364592 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) exhibit a broad array of physical and psychiatric features, of which impaired social cognition and poor social functioning are common. This review seeks to (1) characterize the current understanding of impairment across social cognitive domains in the context of 22q11DS, and (2) synthesize the relevant literature on social cognition and psychosis, given that the prevalence of psychosis in 22q11DS is especially high compared to the general population. A total of 16 papers examining social cognition in 22q11DS were identified through a comprehensive literature search conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed and PSYCInfo. Results suggest that individuals with 22q11DS exhibit impaired emotion processing and complex theory of mind relative to their typically developing peers, though some findings were accounted for by neurocognitive and intellectual abilities. Further, no studies have examined the domains of attribution bias or social perception in 22q11DS, highlighting a critical gap in the extant literature. More research is needed to better elucidate the trajectory of how and why social cognitive impairment develops in 22q11DS, and to explore possible relationships to psychiatric comorbidities like psychosis. Treatment implications and future steps are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Norkett
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sarah Hope Lincoln
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Joseph Gonzalez-Heydrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Eugene J D'Angelo
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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62
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Variation on the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) is associated with basal ganglia-to-frontal structural connectivity. Neuroimage 2017; 155:473-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Metti AL, Rosano C, Boudreau R, Massa R, Yaffe K, Satterfield S, Harris T, Rosso AL. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Genotype and Gait Speed Changes over 10 Years in Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017. [PMID: 28640434 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype and 6-m walk time and to determine whether these associations are quadratic in nature, similar to previously reported U-shaped associations between dopamine and gait and cognition. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. PARTICIPANTS Black (n = 850) and white (n = 1,352) men and women with a mean age of 73.5 ± 2.85 at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Mixed models were used to assess the association between the COMT genotype and 6-m walk time, cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 10 years. Models were assessed unstratified and stratified according to race because allele distributions were different between white and black participants. RESULTS There was a significant U-shaped association between COMT genotype and 6-m walk time: those with higher (Val/Val) and lower (Met/Met) dopamine slowed more over 10 years (0.22 ± 0.02 seconds per visit and 0.23 ± 0.02 seconds per visit, respectively) than those with the intermediate (Met/Val) dopamine (0.20 ± 0.02 seconds per visit) (P = .005). Stratified results showed a significant relationship in black (P = .01) but not white (P = .15) participants. CONCLUSION These findings indicate a role of dopaminergic regulation of gait speed in community-dwelling older adults and of prefrontal cortex involvement in gait performance. Future work should investigate the molecular integrity of dopaminergic networks and gait changes over time and structural changes in the brain with COMT and gait decline in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Metti
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robyn Massa
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Suzanne Satterfield
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee at Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Tamara Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea L Rosso
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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64
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Neto D, Spínola C, Gago J. Modafinil in schizophrenia: is the risk worth taking? BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-219218. [PMID: 28583922 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-219218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterised by positive and negative symptoms. Negative symptoms are difficult to treat and there is no specific treatment. In small trials, modafinil has been studied in association with antipsychotic treatment. We present three cases of its use; two have developed positive symptoms and one developed renal impairment. Further studies are needed to assess its usefulness in schizophrenia and safety in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Neto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Saúde Mental, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carla Spínola
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Gago
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Saúde Mental, NOVA Medical School - Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisboa, Portugal
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65
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Zhao H, Alam A, San CY, Eguchi S, Chen Q, Lian Q, Ma D. Molecular mechanisms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neuro-protection: Recent developments. Brain Res 2017; 1665:1-21. [PMID: 28396009 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal cell injury, as a consequence of acute or chronic neurological trauma, is a significant cause of mortality around the world. On a molecular level, the condition is characterized by widespread cell death and poor regeneration, which can result in severe morbidity in survivors. Potential therapeutics are of major interest, with a promising candidate being brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a ubiquitous agent in the brain which has been associated with neural development and may facilitate protective and regenerative effects following injury. This review summarizes the available information on the potential benefits of BDNF and the molecular mechanisms involved in several pathological conditions, including hypoxic brain injury, stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It further explores the methods in which BDNF can be applied in clinical and therapeutic settings, and the potential challenges to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Azeem Alam
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chun-Yin San
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shiori Eguchi
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qian Chen
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK; Department of Anaesthesiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
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66
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Zai G, Robbins TW, Sahakian BJ, Kennedy JL. A review of molecular genetic studies of neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 72:50-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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67
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Coria-Lucero CD, Golini RS, Ponce IT, Deyurka N, Anzulovich AC, Delgado SM, Navigatore-Fonzo LS. Rhythmic Bdnf and TrkB expression patterns in the prefrontal cortex are lost in aged rats. Brain Res 2016; 1653:51-58. [PMID: 27771283 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging brain undergoes several changes leading to a decline in cognitive functions. Memory and learning-related genes such as Creb, Bdnf and its receptor TrkB, are expressed in different brain regions including prefrontal cortex. Those genes' proteins regulate a wide range of functions such as synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. In this work, our objectives were: 1) to investigate whether Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB genes display endogenous circadian expression rhythms, in the prefrontal cortex of rats maintained under constant darkness conditions; 2) to study the synchronization of those temporal patterns to the local cellular clock and 3) to evaluate the aging consequences on both cognition-related genes and activating clock transcription factor, BMAL1, rhythms. A bioinformatics analysis revealed clock-responsive (E-box) sites in regulatory regions of Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB genes. Additionally, cAMP response elements (CRE) were found in Bdnf and TrkB promoters. We observed those key cognition-related factors expression oscillates in the rat prefrontal cortex. Creb1 and TrkB mRNAs display a circadian rhythm with their highest levels occurring at the second half of the 24h period. Interestingly, the cosinor analysis revealed a 12-h rhythm of Bdnf transcript levels, with peaks occurring at the second half of the subjective day and night, respectively. As expected, the BMAL1 rhythm's acrophase precedes Creb1 and first Bdnf expression peaks. Noteworthy, Creb1, Bdnf and TrkB expression rhythms are lost in the prefrontal cortex of aged rats, probably, as consequence of the loss of BMAL1 protein circadian rhythm and altered function of the local cellular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia D Coria-Lucero
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Rebeca S Golini
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ivana T Ponce
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Deyurka
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ana C Anzulovich
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Silvia M Delgado
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina; Laboratory of Biology Reproduction, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Lorena S Navigatore-Fonzo
- Laboratory of Chronobiology, Multidisciplinary Institute of Biological Research-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Council of Science and Technology (CONICET), National University of San Luis (UNSL)., Av Ejército de los Andes N° 950, D5700HHW, San Luis, Argentina.
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68
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Isbell E, Stevens C, Hampton Wray A, Bell T, Neville HJ. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is linked to neural mechanisms of selective attention in preschoolers from lower socioeconomic status backgrounds. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 22:36-47. [PMID: 27837677 PMCID: PMC6987652 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While a growing body of research has identified experiential factors associated with differences in selective attention, relatively little is known about the contribution of genetic factors to the skill of sustained selective attention, especially in early childhood. Here, we assessed the association between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotypes and the neural mechanisms of selective attention in young children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during a dichotic listening task from 121 children (76 females, aged 40-67 months), who were also genotyped for the short and long allele of 5-HTTLPR. The effect of selective attention was measured as the difference in ERP mean amplitudes elicited by identical probe stimuli embedded in stories when they were attended versus unattended. Compared to children homozygous for the long allele, children who carried at least one copy of the short allele showed larger effects of selective attention on neural processing. These findings link the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR to enhanced neural mechanisms of selective attention and lay the groundwork for future studies of gene-by-environment interactions in the context of key cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Isbell
- University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Greensboro, NC, 27412, United States.
| | - Courtney Stevens
- Willamette University, Department of Psychology, 900 State Street, Salem, OR 97301, United States
| | - Amanda Hampton Wray
- Michigan State University, Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, 1026 Red Cedar Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Theodore Bell
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - Helen J Neville
- University of Oregon, Department of Psychology, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
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69
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Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population. Historically, alterations of dopaminergic function were considered the primary cause of schizophrenia. However, for many patients, drugs that alter dopaminergic function do not consistently lead to resolution of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus, there is an increased interest in pathophysiologic processes that result in altered neurodevelopment and plasticity associated with schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin involved in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, cognition, and neurotransmission. Genetic polymorphism, expression, and function of BDNF have been implicated in psychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. This review discusses BDNF, its role in neurologic processes, and the evidence implicating BDNF in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Gören
- Associate Professor, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island; Senior Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,
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70
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Chen W, Chen C, Xia M, Wu K, Chen C, He Q, Xue G, Wang W, He Y, Dong Q. Interaction Effects of BDNF and COMT Genes on Resting-State Brain Activity and Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:540. [PMID: 27853425 PMCID: PMC5091010 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes have been found to interactively influence working memory (WM) as well as brain activation during WM tasks. However, whether the two genes have interactive effects on resting-state activities of the brain and whether these spontaneous activations correlate with WM are still unknown. This study included behavioral data from WM tasks and genetic data (COMT rs4680 and BDNF Val66Met) from 417 healthy Chinese adults and resting-state fMRI data from 298 of them. Significant interactive effects of BDNF and COMT were found for WM performance as well as for resting-state regional homogeneity (ReHo) in WM-related brain areas, including the left medial frontal gyrus (lMeFG), left superior frontal gyrus (lSFG), right superior and medial frontal gyrus (rSMFG), right medial orbitofrontal gyrus (rMOFG), right middle frontal gyrus (rMFG), precuneus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left superior occipital gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, and right inferior parietal lobule. Simple effects analyses showed that compared to other genotypes, subjects with COMT-VV/BDNF-VV had higher WM and lower ReHo in all five frontal brain areas. The results supported the hypothesis that COMT and BDNF polymorphisms influence WM performance and spontaneous brain activity (i.e., ReHo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Mingrui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Karen Wu
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of CaliforniaIrvine, CA, USA
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Gui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing, China
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71
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Kehagia AA. A neurological perspective on the enhancement debate: Lessons learned from Parkinson's disease. J Psychopharmacol 2016; 30:957-66. [PMID: 27604630 DOI: 10.1177/0269881116665328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive enhancement is signified by adaptive behavioural change following an intervention that targets the brain. Although much of the discussion and research into cognitive enhancement focuses on the effects of neural interventions in healthy individuals, it is useful to consider evidence from clinical populations. Diseases of the central nervous system represent the primary and richest source of evidence on the effects of brain manipulations, which are in the first instance therapeutic. Parkinson's disease (PD) is used as a model for understanding the effects of pharmacological agents that target systems with a central role in cognition. The mixed outcomes of deep brain stimulation on cognition will also be discussed. By illustrating the psychopharmacological principle of diverse and malleable neurochemical optima for different cognitive functions, and the role of individual differences, it will be argued that the entire spectrum of cognitive effects in any one individual following any given manipulation, such as the administration of a drug, often includes enhancement as well as impairment. Predicting these effects represents a complex multivariate problem, and the accuracy of this predictive effort, as well as the harm prevention it connotes, is determined by our evolving understanding of the brain and cognition. A manipulation can be said to confer cognitive enhancement; however, it is argued that using the global term cognitive enhancer to refer to such a manipulation without qualification is of limited utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie A Kehagia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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72
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Correa DD, Satagopan J, Cheung K, Arora AK, Kryza-Lacombe M, Xu Y, Karimi S, Lyo J, DeAngelis LM, Orlow I. COMT, BDNF, and DTNBP1 polymorphisms and cognitive functions in patients with brain tumors. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:1425-33. [PMID: 27091610 PMCID: PMC5035520 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is common among patients with brain tumors and can be associated with the disease and treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, little is known about genetic risk factors that may moderate the vulnerability for developing cognitive dysfunction. In this study, we examined the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) genes with cognitive functions and neuroimaging outcomes in patients with brain tumors. METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with brain tumors completed neuropsychological tests of attention, executive functions, and memory and were genotyped for polymorphisms in the COMT, BDNF, and DTNBP1 genes. Ratings of white matter (WM) abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed. RESULTS Multivariate regression shrinkage analyses, adjusted for age, education, treatment type, time since treatment completion, and tumor location, indicated a significant association between the COMT SNP rs4680 (Val158Met) and memory with lower scores in delayed recall (P < .01) among homozygotes (valine/valine). Additional COMT, BDNF and DTNBP1 SNPs were significantly associated with attention, executive functions, and memory scores. CONCLUSION This is the first study to suggest that known and newly described polymorphisms in genes associated with executive and memory functions in healthy individuals and other clinical populations may modulate cognitive outcome in patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D Correa
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Jaya Satagopan
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Kenneth Cheung
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Arshi K Arora
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Maria Kryza-Lacombe
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Youming Xu
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Sasan Karimi
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - John Lyo
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Lisa M DeAngelis
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
| | - Irene Orlow
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (D.D.C., M.K.-L., L.M.D.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (J.S., K.C., A.K.A., Y.X., I.O.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York (S.K., J.L.); Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York (D.D.C., L.M.D.)
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Degen C, Zschocke J, Toro P, Sattler C, Wahl HW, Schönknecht P, Schröder J. The COMTp.Val158Met Polymorphism and Cognitive Performance in Adult Development, Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2016; 41:27-34. [PMID: 26489081 DOI: 10.1159/000439585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of genetic polymorphisms on cognition is assumed to increase with age as losses of brain resources have to be compensated for. We investigate the relation of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)p.Val158Met polymorphism and cognitive capacity in the course of adult development, healthy aging and the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in two birth cohorts of subjects born between 1930 and 1932 or between 1950 and 1952. METHODS Thorough neuropsychological assessment was conducted in a total of 587 participants across three examination waves between 1993 and 2008. The COMT genotype was determined as a restriction fragment length polymorphism after PCR amplification and digestion with NlaIII. RESULTS Significant effects of the COMTp.Val158Met polymorphism were identified for attention and cognitive flexibility in the younger but not the older cohort. CONCLUSION These results confirm the importance of the COMTp.Val158Met genotype on tasks assessing attention and cognitive flexibility in midlife but not in healthy aging and the development of MCI. Our findings suggest that the influence of COMT changes as a function of age, decreasing from midlife to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Degen
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Liu S, Cui J, Niu Z, Yi M, Zhang X, Che F, Ma X. Do obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette syndrome share a common susceptibility gene? An association study of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in the Chinese Han population. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:602-9. [PMID: 25771937 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1012226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We explored the association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and susceptibility to both obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) in the Chinese Han population. METHODS Genotyping for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was performed in 321 OCD patients and 426 healthy control subjects and case-control association study data were analysed. Additionally, we evaluated the genetic contribution of this variant in 331 TS patients (including 267 TS trios) and 519 controls using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and case-control study. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found in the genetic contribution of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism between both the OCD (χ(2) = 7.50, P = 0.023 by genotype; χ(2) = 6.67, P = 0.01 by allele) and TS (χ(2) = 6.76, P = 0.03 by genotype; χ(2) = 4.27, P = 0.04 by allele), and control groups. TDT and GHRR analysis for TS trios also showed a significant transform disequilibrium of this polymorphism (TDT: χ(2) = 3.96, P = 0.05; HHRR: χ(2) = 4.33 P = 0.04; GHRR: χ(2) = 5.74, P = 0.02; χ(2) = 0.98, P = 0.37). There was also a significant gender trend between patients and controls in female cases for OCD and in male cases for TS. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the involvement of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism as a common genetic susceptibility for OCD and TS in the Chinese Han population, showing specific gender trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiguo Liu
- a Genetic Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China.,b Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- c Department of Psychiatry , Medical College, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Zhaoyuan Niu
- d Department of Gynecology , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Mingji Yi
- e Child Healthcare Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao, China, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- c Department of Psychiatry , Medical College, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Fengyuan Che
- f Department of Neurology , Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University , Linyi , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Ma
- g Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , China.,h National Research Institute for Family Planning , Beijing , China.,i World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research in Human Reproduction , Beijing , China
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75
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Narayanan V, Veeramuthu V, Ahmad-Annuar A, Ramli N, Waran V, Chinna K, Bondi MW, Delano-Wood L, Ganesan D. Missense Mutation of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Alters Neurocognitive Performance in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158838. [PMID: 27438599 PMCID: PMC4954696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The predictability of neurocognitive outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury is not straightforward. The extent and nature of recovery in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are usually heterogeneous and not substantially explained by the commonly known demographic and injury-related prognostic factors despite having sustained similar injuries or injury severity. Hence, this study evaluated the effects and association of the Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) missense mutations in relation to neurocognitive performance among patients with mTBI. 48 patients with mTBI were prospectively recruited and MRI scans of the brain were performed within an average 10.1 (SD 4.2) hours post trauma with assessment of their neuropsychological performance post full Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) recovery. Neurocognitive assessments were repeated again at 6 months follow-up. The paired t-test, Cohen's d effect size and repeated measure ANOVA were performed to delineate statistically significant differences between the groups [wildtype G allele (Val homozygotes) vs. minor A allele (Met carriers)] and their neuropsychological performance across the time point (T1 = baseline/ admission vs. T2 = 6th month follow-up). Minor A allele carriers in this study generally performed more poorly on neuropsychological testing in comparison wildtype G allele group at both time points. Significant mean differences were observed among the wildtype group in the domains of memory (M = -11.44, SD = 10.0, p = .01, d = 1.22), executive function (M = -11.56, SD = 11.7, p = .02, d = 1.05) and overall performance (M = -6.89 SD = 5.3, p = .00, d = 1.39), while the minor A allele carriers showed significant mean differences in the domains of attention (M = -11.0, SD = 13.1, p = .00, d = .86) and overall cognitive performance (M = -5.25, SD = 8.1, p = .01, d = .66).The minor A allele carriers in comparison to the wildtype G allele group, showed considerably lower scores at admission and remained impaired in most domains across the timepoints, although delayed signs of recovery were noted to be significant in the domains attention and overall cognition. In conclusion, the current study has demonstrated the role of the BDNF rs6265 Val66Met polymorphism in influencing specific neurocognitive outcomes in patients with mTBI. Findings were more detrimentally profound among Met allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vairavan Narayanan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (VN); (VV)
| | - Vigneswaran Veeramuthu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (VN); (VV)
| | - Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Norlisah Ramli
- University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Vicknes Waran
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Julius Centre University Malaya, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mark William Bondi
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, United States of America
- University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dharmendra Ganesan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
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76
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Costa DDS, de Paula JJ, Alvim-Soares AM, Pereira PA, Malloy-Diniz LF, Rodrigues LOC, Romano-Silva MA, de Miranda DM. COMT Val(158)Met Polymorphism Is Associated with Verbal Working Memory in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:334. [PMID: 27458360 PMCID: PMC4932101 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a neurogenetic disease marked by multiple cognitive and learning problems. Genetic variants may account for phenotypic variance in NF1. Here, we investigated the association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val(158)Met polymorphism and working memory and arithmetic performance in 50 NF1 individuals. A significant association of the COMT polymorphism was observed only with verbal working memory, as measured by the backward digit-span task with an advantageous performance for Met/Met carriers. To study how genetic modifiers influence NF1 cognitive performance might be of importance to decrease the unpredictability of the cognitive profile among NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle de Souza Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jonas J. de Paula
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Alvim-Soares
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A. Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular MedicineBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz O. C. Rodrigues
- Neurofibromatosis Outpatient Reference Center, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco A. Romano-Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular MedicineBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora M. de Miranda
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Molecular MedicineBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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Cilia R, Benfante R, Asselta R, Marabini L, Cereda E, Siri C, Pezzoli G, Goldwurm S, Fornasari D. Tryptophan hydroxylase type 2 variants modulate severity and outcome of addictive behaviors in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 29:96-103. [PMID: 27237108 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulse control disorders and compulsive medication intake may occur in a minority of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms associated with addiction in the general population may increase the risk for addictive behaviors also in PD. METHODS Sixteen polymorphisms in candidate genes belonging to five neurotransmitter systems (dopaminergic, catecholaminergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, opioidergic) and the BDNF were screened in 154 PD patients with addictive behaviors and 288 PD control subjects. Multivariate analysis investigated clinical and genetic predictors of outcome (remission vs. persistence/relapse) after 1 year and at the last follow-up (5.1 ± 2.5 years). RESULTS Addictive behaviors were associated with tryptophan hydroxylase type 2 (TPH2) and dopamine transporter gene variants. A subsequent analysis within the group of cases showed a robust association between TPH2 genotype and the severity of addictive behaviors, which survived Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. At multivariate analysis, TPH2 genotype resulted the strongest predictor of no remission at the last follow-up (OR[95%CI], 7.4[3.27-16.78] and 13.2[3.89-44.98] in heterozygous and homozygous carriers, respectively, p < 0.001). The extent of medication dose reduction was not a predictor. TPH2 haplotype analysis confirmed the association with more severe symptoms and lower remission rates in the short- and the long-term (p < 0.005 for all analyses). CONCLUSION The serotonergic system is likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of addictive behaviors in PD, modulating the severity of symptoms and the rate of remission at follow-up. If confirmed in larger independent cohorts, TPH2 genotype may become a useful biomarker for the identification of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.
| | - Roberta Benfante
- CNR - Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Marabini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cereda
- Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Siri
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Diego Fornasari
- CNR - Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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78
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Martelle SE, Raffield LM, Palmer ND, Cox AJ, Freedman BI, Hugenschmidt CE, Williamson JD, Bowden DW. Dopamine pathway gene variants may modulate cognitive performance in the DHS - Mind Study. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00446. [PMID: 27066308 PMCID: PMC4797918 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an established association between type 2 diabetes and accelerated cognitive decline. The exact mechanism linking type 2 diabetes and reduced cognitive function is less clear. The monoamine system, which is extensively involved in cognition, can be altered by type 2 diabetes status. Thus, this study hypothesized that sequence variants in genes linked to dopamine metabolism and associated pathways are associated with cognitive function as assessed by the Digit Symbol Substitution Task, the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, the Stroop Task, the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Task, and the Controlled Oral Word Association Task for Phonemic and Semantic Fluency in the Diabetes Heart Study, a type 2 diabetes-enriched familial cohort (n = 893). METHODS To determine the effects of candidate variants on cognitive performance, genetic association analyses were performed on the well-documented variable number tandem repeat located in the 3' untranslated region of the dopamine transporter, as well as on single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering genes in the dopaminergic pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, and the convergence of both. Next, polymorphisms in loci of interest with strong evidence for involvement in dopamine processing were extracted from genetic datasets available in a subset of the cohort (n = 572) derived from Affymetrix(®) Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 5.0 and 1000 Genomes imputation from this array. RESULTS The candidate gene analysis revealed one variant from the DOPA decarboxylase gene, rs10499695, to be associated with poorer performance on a subset of Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Task measuring retroactive interference (P = 0.001, β = -0.45). Secondary analysis of genome-wide and imputed data uncovered another DOPA decarboxylase variant, rs62445903, also associated with retroactive interference (P = 7.21 × 10(-7), β = 0.3). These data suggest a role for dopaminergic genes, specifically a gene involved in regulation of dopamine synthesis, in cognitive performance in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Martelle
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Nichole D Palmer
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Amanda J Cox
- Molecular Basis of Disease Griffith University Southport Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Christina E Hugenschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
| | - Don W Bowden
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston - Salem North Carolina
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79
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Gangi DN, Messinger DS, Martin ER, Cuccaro ML. Dopaminergic variants in siblings at high risk for autism: Associations with initiating joint attention. Autism Res 2016; 9:1142-1150. [PMID: 26990357 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Younger siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; high-risk siblings) exhibit lower levels of initiating joint attention (IJA; sharing an object or experience with a social partner through gaze and/or gesture) than low-risk siblings of children without ASD. However, high-risk siblings also exhibit substantial variability in this domain. The neurotransmitter dopamine is linked to brain areas associated with reward, motivation, and attention, and common dopaminergic variants have been associated with attention difficulties. We examined whether these common dopaminergic variants, DRD4 and DRD2, explain variability in IJA in high-risk (n = 55) and low-risk (n = 38) siblings. IJA was assessed in the first year during a semi-structured interaction with an examiner. DRD4 and DRD2 genotypes were coded according to associated dopaminergic functioning to create a gene score, with higher scores indicating more genotypes associated with less efficient dopaminergic functioning. Higher dopamine gene scores (indicative of less efficient dopaminergic functioning) were associated with lower levels of IJA in the first year for high-risk siblings, while the opposite pattern emerged in low-risk siblings. Findings suggest differential susceptibility-IJA was differentially associated with dopaminergic functioning depending on familial ASD risk. Understanding genes linked to ASD-relevant behaviors in high-risk siblings will aid in early identification of children at greatest risk for difficulties in these behavioral domains, facilitating targeted prevention and intervention. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1142-1150. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon N Gangi
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Florida.,MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Daniel S Messinger
- Departments of Psychology, Pediatrics, Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Music Engineering, University of Miami, Florida
| | - Eden R Martin
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Florida
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Florida
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Khalil H, Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Al-Hieshan A, Bajwa JA. Relationship of circulatory BDNF with cognitive deficits in people with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2016; 362:217-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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81
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Interactive effects of age and multi-gene profile on motor learning and sensorimotor adaptation. Neuropsychologia 2016; 84:222-34. [PMID: 26926580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The interactive association of age and dopaminergic polymorphisms on cognitive function has been studied extensively. However, there is limited research on whether age interacts with the association between genetic polymorphisms and motor learning. We examined a group of young and older adults' performance in three motor tasks: explicit sequence learning, visuomotor adaptation, and grooved pegboard. We assessed whether individuals' motor learning and performance were associated with their age and genotypes. We selected three genetic polymorphisms: Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT val158met) and Dopamine D2 Receptor (DRD2 G>T), which are involved with dopaminergic regulation, and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF val66met) that modulates neuroplasticity and has been shown to interact with dopaminergic genes. Although the underlying mechanisms of the function of these three genotypes are different, the high performance alleles of each have been linked to better learning and performance. We created a composite polygene score based on the Number of High Performance Alleles (NHPA) that each individual carried. We found several associations between genetic profile, motor performance, and sensorimotor adaptation. More importantly, we found that this association varies with age, task type, and engagement of implicit versus explicit learning processes.
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Baetu I, Burns NR, Urry K, Barbante GG, Pitcher JB. Commonly-occurring polymorphisms in the COMT, DRD1 and DRD2 genes influence different aspects of motor sequence learning in humans. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:176-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tromp D, Dufour A, Lithfous S, Pebayle T, Després O. Episodic memory in normal aging and Alzheimer disease: Insights from imaging and behavioral studies. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:232-62. [PMID: 26318058 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive changes often include difficulties in retrieving memories, particularly those that rely on personal experiences within their temporal and spatial contexts (i.e., episodic memories). This decline may vary depending on the studied phase (i.e., encoding, storage or retrieval), according to inter-individual differences, and whether we are talking about normal or pathological (e.g., Alzheimer disease; AD) aging. Such cognitive changes are associated with different structural and functional alterations in the human neural network that underpins episodic memory. The prefrontal cortex is the first structure to be affected by age, followed by the medial temporal lobe (MTL), the parietal cortex and the cerebellum. In AD, however, the modifications occur mainly in the MTL (hippocampus and adjacent structures) before spreading to the neocortex. In this review, we will present results that attempt to characterize normal and pathological cognitive aging at multiple levels by integrating structural, behavioral, inter-individual and neuroimaging measures of episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tromp
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - A Dufour
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France; Centre d'Investigations Neurocognitives et Neurophysiologiques (CI2N - UMS 3489 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Lithfous
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - T Pebayle
- Centre d'Investigations Neurocognitives et Neurophysiologiques (CI2N - UMS 3489 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - O Després
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA - UMR 7364 - CNRS/UDS) - 21 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.
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Vishnoi S, Raisuddin S, Parvez S. Modulatory effects of an NMDAR partial agonist in MK-801-induced memory impairment. Neuroscience 2015; 311:22-33. [PMID: 26454025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute administration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) non-competitive antagonist, MK-801, impairs novel object recognition (NOR), locomotor activity in open field (OF) and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in rodents. NMDAR partial agonist d-cycloserine (DCS) reverses these effects in NOR and CTA via modulation of glutamatergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of DCS, a partial NMDAR agonist, on NOR memory, locomotor activity, and CTA memory in Wistar rats on NMDA-glutamate receptor antagonism by MK-801. The potential involvement of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems in improving cognitive functions was explored. MK-801-induced cognitive deficits were assessed using NOR, OF and CTA paradigms. MK-801-induced dopamine release increase in acetylcholinesterase (AChE), mono amine oxidase (MAO) activity and increase in c-fos expression were also investigated. RESULTS The effects caused by MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg) were inhibited by administration of the NMDA receptor agonist DCS (15 mg/kg). NOR and CTA paradigms inhibited by MK-801 were attenuated by DCS administration. Moreover, DCS also blocked the MK-801-induced abnormal increase in dopamine content, AChE activity and MAO activity. However, c-fos overexpression was controlled to some extent only. CONCLUSIONS Based on the NMDAR hypo function hypothesis in some neuropsychiatric disorders, our finding suggests that improving NMDAR hypo function by agonist DCS may play a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vishnoi
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - S Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - S Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India.
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85
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Changes in serotonin (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDFN) expression in frontal cortex and hippocampus of aged rat treated with high tryptophan diet. Brain Res Bull 2015; 119:12-8. [PMID: 26444078 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline is accompanied by an alteration in neurotransmitter synthesis and a dysregulation of neuroplasticity-related molecules such as serotonin (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDFN). It has been previously demonstrated that hyperserotonemia induced by l-Tryptophan (TrP) enriched diet protect against memory deficits during physiological aging. Since 5-HT is closely associated to BDNF, we aimed to investigate the effect of high TrP diet on 5-HT levels and BDNF expression in Frontal Cortex (FC) and Hippocampus (Hp) of aged rats. We found that the raising of systemic 5-HT levels by chronic diet (1 month) containing high TrP significantly prevents age-related decline of BDNF protein expression in both brain areas as indicated by ELISA and Western Blot analyses. Interestingly, immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that high TrP diet significantly elevates the number of 5-HT immunoreactive fibers in both brain areas tested and this correlated with BDNF increase in the FC and hippocampal regions CA1, CA2, CA3 and a strikingly down-regulation of neurotrophin levels in the dentate gyrus (DG) of aged rats. Altogether, these finding provide evidence that enhanced TrP intake and the consequent increase in 5-HT neurotransmission may act as a modulator of BDNF system suggesting a possible mechanism for the protective role of serotonergic system on memory impairment occurring along normal aging process.
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86
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Costa A, Peppe A, Carlesimo GA, Zabberoni S, Scalici F, Caltagirone C, Angelucci F. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels correlate with cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:253. [PMID: 26441580 PMCID: PMC4569860 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a trophic factor regulating cell survival and synaptic plasticity. Recent findings indicate that BDNF could be a potential regulatory factor for cognitive functioning in normal and/or neuropathological conditions. With regard to neurological disorders, recent data suggest that individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) may be affected by cognitive deficits and that they have altered BDNF production. Therefore, the hypothesis can be advanced that BDNF levels are associated with the cognitive state of these patients. With this in mind, the present study was aimed at exploring the relationship between BDNF serum levels and cognitive functioning in PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thirteen PD patients with MCI were included in the study. They were administered an extensive neuropsychological test battery that investigated executive, episodic memory, attention, visual-spatial and language domains. A single score was obtained for each cognitive domain by averaging z-scores on tests belonging to that specific domain. BDNF serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Pearson’s correlation analyses were performed between BDNF serum levels and cognitive performance. Results showed a significant positive correlation between BDNF serum levels and both attention (p < 0.05) and executive (p < 0.05) domains. Moreover, in the executive domain we found a significant correlation between BDNF levels and scores on tests assessing working memory and self-monitoring/inhibition. These preliminary data suggest that BDNF serum levels are associated with cognitive state in PD patients with MCI. Given the role of BDNF in regulating synaptic plasticity, the present findings give further support to the hypothesis that this trophic factor may be a potential biomarker for evaluating cognitive changes in PD and other neurological syndromes associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Costa
- Niccolò Cusano University Rome, Italy ; IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS, Fondazione Santa Lucia Rome, Italy ; Tor Vergata University Rome, Italy
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87
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Hoehne A, Richard-Devantoy S, Ding Y, Turecki G, Jollant F. First-degree relatives of suicide completers may have impaired decision-making but functional cognitive control. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 68:192-7. [PMID: 26228419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heritability of suicide is well established. Transmission of risk appears to follow traits more than disorders like depression. In the present project, we aimed at investigating the potential for transmission of cognitive deficits previously observed in suicide attempters, specifically impaired decision-making and cognitive control. METHODS Seventeen healthy first-degree relatives of suicide completers with no personal history of suicidal act were compared to 18 first-degree relatives of individuals with major depressive disorder but no family history of suicidal act, and 19 healthy controls. Decision-making was assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task, and cognitive control with the Stroop Task, the Hayling Sentence Completion Test, and the Trail-Making Test. RESULTS Both suicide and depressed relatives showed lower gambling task net scores than healthy controls. However, there were trends toward lower learning abilities in suicide than depressed relatives (interaction: p = 0.07), with more risky choices at the end of the test. Suicide relatives also showed a higher number of self-corrected errors relative to the total number of errors in the Stroop colour test compared to both control groups, with no difference in interference scores. There was no group-difference for any other cognitive tests. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that decision-making impairment may be found in healthy relatives of suicides and represent a cognitive endophenotype of suicidal behaviour. Normal cognitive control (or self-corrected deficits) may protect relatives against suicidal acts. Impairments in value-based and control processes may, therefore, be part of the suicide vulnerability and represent potential targets of preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoehne
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Richard-Devantoy
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, UPRES EA 4638, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Y Ding
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Turecki
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - F Jollant
- McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Nîmes, France.
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88
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Nimmons D, Pendleton N, Payton A, Ollier W, Horan M, Wilkinson J, Hamdy S. A novel association between COMT and BDNF gene polymorphisms and likelihood of symptomatic dysphagia in older people. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1223-31. [PMID: 26073434 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are neuro-modulatory proteins that have been demonstrated to affect cortical plasticity, which in turn has been shown to affect age-related changes and neuronal functioning in humans. Here, we tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within COMT and BDNF genes are associated with dysphagia in older adults. METHODS A total of 800 community-dwelling older individuals were sent the Sydney Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Questionnaire to identify swallowing difficulties. DNA from this population was available for study and used to genotype 18 COMT and 12 BDNF polymorphisms. Logistic regression statistical models were used to identify potential associations between dysphagia and the genotypes. KEY RESULTS A total of 638 individuals completed the questionnaire, giving an 80% response rate. Of these, 538 were genotyped for COMT and BDNF polymorphisms. Age was found to predict dysphagia (p = 0.018, OR = 1.08, CI = 1.01-1.14). The COMT polymorphism rs165599 and the BDNF polymorphism rs10835211 were found to predict dysphagia and have an interactive effect (p = 0.028), which varied according to the carrier status of the other. In the case of SNP rs10835211, the effect of heterozygosity was protective or harmful dependent on the respective status of rs165599. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results suggest that certain interactions between plasticity genes contribute to the development of dysphagia with increasing age. This highlights a possible role for genetic factors in future monitoring and treating individuals affected by dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nimmons
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - N Pendleton
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A Payton
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK.,Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, UK
| | - M Horan
- Manchester Medical School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J Wilkinson
- Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - S Hamdy
- Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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89
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Loch AA, van de Bilt MT, Bio DS, Prado CMD, Sousa RTD, Valiengo LL, Moreno RA, Zanetti MV, Gattaz WF. Epistasis between COMT Val158Met and DRD3 Ser9Gly polymorphisms and cognitive function in schizophrenia: genetic influence on dopamine transmission. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2015; 37:235-41. [DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2014-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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90
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Ng T, Teo SM, Yeo HL, Shwe M, Gan YX, Cheung YT, Foo KM, Cham MT, Lee JA, Tan YP, Fan G, Yong WS, Preetha M, Loh WJK, Koo SL, Jain A, Lee GE, Wong M, Dent R, Yap YS, Ng R, Khor CC, Ho HK, Chan A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor genetic polymorphism (rs6265) is protective against chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:244-51. [PMID: 26289590 PMCID: PMC4724179 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin that regulates neuronal function and development, is implicated in several neurodegenerative conditions. Preliminary data suggest that a reduction of BDNF concentrations may lead to postchemotherapy cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs6265) of the BDNF gene may predispose patients to cognitive impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of BDNF gene polymorphism on chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment. Methods Overall, 145 patients receiving chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer (mean age: 50.8 ± 8.8 y; 82.1% Chinese) were recruited. Patients' cognitive functions were assessed longitudinally using the validated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Cognitive Function (v.3) and an objective computerized tool, Headminder. Genotyping was performed using Sanger sequencing. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and cognition after adjusting for ethnicity and clinically important covariates. Results Of the 145 patients, 54 (37%) reported cognitive impairment postchemotherapy. The Met/Met genotype was associated with statistically significant lower odds of developing cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08–0.92; P = .036). The Met carriers were less likely to experience impairment in the domains of verbal fluency (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12–0.90; P = .031) and multitasking ability (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15–0.91; P = .030) compared with the Val/Val homozygote. No associations were observed between Headminder and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Conclusions This is the first study to provide evidence that carriers of the BDNF Met allele are protected against chemotherapy-associated cognitive impairment. Further studies are required to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Shu Mei Teo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Hui Ling Yeo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Maung Shwe
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yan Xiang Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yin Ting Cheung
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Koon Mian Foo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Mooi Tai Cham
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Jung Ah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yee Pin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Gilbert Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Wei Sean Yong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Madhukumar Preetha
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Wei-Jen Kiley Loh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Si-Lin Koo
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Guek Eng Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Mabel Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Rebecca Dent
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Yoon Sim Yap
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Raymond Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Han Kiat Ho
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore (T.N., S.M.T., H.L.Y., M.S., Y.T.C., H.K.H., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.X.G., A.C.); Department of Pharmacy, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (K.M.F.); Breast Centre, K.K. Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore (M.T.C., J.A.L.); Department of Psychosocial Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (Y.P.T., G.F.); Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.S.Y., M.P.); Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (W.-J.K.L., S.-L.K., A.J., G.E.L., M.W., R.D., Y.S.Y., R.N.); Duke-N.U.S Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore (R.D., R.N.); Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore (C.C.K.); Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore (C.C.K.)
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Notaras M, Hill R, van den Buuse M. The BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism as a modifier of psychiatric disorder susceptibility: progress and controversy. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:916-30. [PMID: 25824305 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a primary role in neuronal development, differentiation and plasticity in both the developing and adult brain. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the proregion of BDNF, termed the Val66Met polymorphism, results in deficient subcellular translocation and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF, and has been associated with impaired neurocognitive function in healthy adults and in the incidence and clinical features of several psychiatric disorders. Research investigating the Val66Met polymorphism has increased markedly in the past decade, and a gap in integration exists between and within academic subfields interested in the effects of this variant. Here we comprehensively review the role and relevance of the Val66Met polymorphism in psychiatric disorders, with emphasis on suicidal behavior and anxiety, eating, mood and psychotic disorders. The cognitive and molecular neuroscience of the Val66Met polymorphism is also concisely reviewed to illustrate the effects of this genetic variant in healthy controls, and is complemented by a commentary on the behavioral neuroscience of BDNF and the Val66Met polymorphism where relevant to specific disorders. Lastly, a number of controversies and unresolved issues, including small effect sizes, sampling of allele inheritance but not genotype and putative ethnicity-specific effects of the Val66Met polymorphism, are also discussed to direct future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Notaras
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Hill
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M van den Buuse
- 1] Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia [2] School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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92
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Mathias JL, Wheaton P. Contribution of brain or biological reserve and cognitive or neural reserve to outcome after TBI: A meta-analysis (prior to 2015). Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:573-93. [PMID: 26054792 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Mathias
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Patricia Wheaton
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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93
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Takashio S, Sugiyama S, Yamamuro M, Takahama H, Hayashi T, Sugano Y, Izumiya Y, Hokimoto S, Minamino N, Yasuda S, Anzai T, Ogawa H. Significance of low plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:243-9. [PMID: 25983281 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family, which regulates neuronal differentiation and functions. Low levels of BDNF are because of psychological stress and potentially play a role in the pathogenesis of depression and cognition disorders. Because psychological stress and depression are associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF), the pathogenic link between HF and psychological status has attracted clinical attention. We hypothesized that plasma BDNF levels might be decreased in patients with HF and that BDNF could be a key factor associated with HF. We evaluated plasma BDNF levels in 242 patients with HF and 80 subjects without HF who are age and gender matched. Plasma BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with HF (3,712 pg/ml [2,124 to 6,180]) than those without HF (7,247 pg/ml [5,388 to 9,255], p <0.001) and lower in patients with HF with the New York Heart Association functional class III than class I (p = 0.01) and class II (p <0.001). Log BDNF levels correlated negatively with log B-type natriuretic peptide (r = -0.203, p = 0.03) in patients with HF. Of 61 acute decompensated patients with HF, plasma BDNF levels were significantly higher at discharge (4,194 pg/ml [2,356 to 6,916]) compared with those at admission (2,749 pg/ml [1,380 to 4,161], p = 0.003). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified log BDNF level as a significant correlate with the presence of HF (odds ratio 0.82; 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.91, p <0.001). In conclusion, plasma BDNF levels were decreased in patients with HF and associated with HF severity. BDNF could be a potentially clinically useful biomarker of HF reflecting possible cardio-neuronal linkage.
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94
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Wang C, Liu B, Long H, Fan L, Li J, Zhang X, Qiu C, Yu C, Jiang T. Epistatic interaction of BDNF and COMT on the frontostriatal system. Neuroscience 2015; 298:380-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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95
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Ramsay H, Barnett JH, Miettunen J, Mukkala S, Mäki P, Liuhanen J, Murray GK, Jarvelin MR, Ollila H, Paunio T, Veijola J. Association between Dopamine Receptor D2 (DRD2) Variations rs6277 and rs1800497 and Cognitive Performance According to Risk Type for Psychosis: A Nested Case Control Study in a Finnish Population Sample. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127602. [PMID: 26114663 PMCID: PMC4482687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited research regarding the association between genes and cognitive intermediate phenotypes in those at risk for psychotic disorders. Methods We measured the association between established psychosis risk variants in dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and cognitive performance in individuals at age 23 years and explored if associations between cognition and these variants differed according to the presence of familial or clinical risk for psychosis. The subjects of the Oulu Brain and Mind Study were drawn from the general population-based Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort (NFBC 1986). Using linear regression, we compared the associations between cognitive performance and two candidate DRD2 polymorphisms (rs6277 and rs1800497) between subjects having familial (n=61) and clinical (n=45) risk for psychosis and a random sample of participating NFBC 1986 controls (n=74). Cognitive performance was evaluated using a comprehensive battery of tests at follow-up. Results Principal components factor analysis supported a three-factor model for cognitive measures. The minor allele of rs6277 was associated with poorer performance on a verbal factor (p=0.003) but this did not significantly interact with familial or clinical risk for psychosis. The minor allele of rs1800497 was associated with poorer performance on a psychomotor factor (p=0.038), though only in those at familial risk for psychotic disorders (interaction p=0.049). Conclusion The effect of two DRD2 SNPs on cognitive performance may differ according to risk type for psychosis, suggesting that cognitive intermediate phenotypes differ according to the type (familial or clinical) risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh Ramsay
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jennifer H. Barnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Cognition Ltd., Bottisham, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sari Mukkala
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirjo Mäki
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Länsi-Pohja healthcare district, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, the Middle Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Kiuru, Finland
- Mental health services, Joint Municipal Authority of Wellbeing in Raahe District, Finland
- Mental health services, Basic Health Care District of Kallio, Finland
- Visala Hospital, the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District, Finland
| | - Johanna Liuhanen
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Graham K. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Ollila
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare and Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Veijola
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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The association of RAB18 gene polymorphism (rs3765133) with cerebellar volume in healthy adults. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 13:616-22. [PMID: 24996981 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors are responsible for the development of the human brain. Certain genetic factors are known to increase the risk of common brain disorders and affect the brain structure. Therefore, even in healthy people, these factors have a role in the development of specific brain regions. Loss-of-function mutations in the RAB18 gene (RAB18) cause Warburg Micro syndrome, which is associated with reduced brain size and deformed brain structures. In this study, we hypothesized that the RAB18 variant might influence regional brain volumes in healthy people. The study participants comprised 246 normal volunteers between 21 and 59 years of age (mean age of 37.8 ± 12.0 years; 115 men, 131 women). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genotypes of RAB18 rs3765133 were examined for each participant. The differences in regional brain volumes between T homozygotes and A-allele carriers were tested using voxel-based morphometry. The results showed that RAB18 rs3765133 T homozygote group exhibited larger gray matter (GM) volume in the left middle temporal and inferior frontal gyrus of the cerebrum than the A-allele carriers. An opposite effect was observed in both the posterior lobes and right tonsil of the cerebellum, in which the GM volume of RAB18 rs3765133 T homozygotes was smaller than that of the A-allele carriers (all P FWE < 0.05). Our findings suggest that RAB18 rs3765133 polymorphism affects the deve-lopment of specific brain regions, particularly the cerebellum, in healthy people.
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97
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Ahmed AO, Mantini AM, Fridberg DJ, Buckley PF. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurocognitive deficits in people with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res 2015; 226:1-13. [PMID: 25681004 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that the BDNF Val66Met (rs6265) polymorphism is associated with the incidence of schizophrenia and neurocognitive functioning. These associations appear to be however somewhat mixed. We conducted two separate meta-analyses to investigate (1) the association between the Val66Met polymorphism and neurocognition in people with schizophrenia and (2) the association between peripheral expression of BDNF and neurocognitive phenotypes. For the first aim, we identified 12 studies and 67 comparisons of Met allele carriers and Val homozygotes. These comparisons included 1890 people with schizophrenia (men=1465, women=553), of whom 972 were Met allele carriers and 918 were Val homozygotes. For the second aim, we identified five studies and 25 correlations of peripheral BDNF and neurocognitive scores. The meta-analysis for the second aim included 414 people with schizophrenia (men=292, women=170). First, we found non-significant difference between the genotype groups on most neurocognitive domains. Second, correlations between peripheral BDNF and neurocognitive phenotypes were minimal but we obtained significant effects for the reasoning and problem-solving domains; thus, higher levels of BDNF expression corresponded to better performance on reasoning/problem-solving tasks. The meta-analyses did not robustly establish an association between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and neurocognition in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony O Ahmed
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White Plains, NY 10605, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Regents University, 997 Saint Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Andrew M Mantini
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Regents University, 997 Saint Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Daniel J Fridberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Peter F Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Georgia Regents University, 997 Saint Sebastian Way, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Angelucci F, Peppe A, Carlesimo GA, Serafini F, Zabberoni S, Barban F, Shofany J, Caltagirone C, Costa A. A pilot study on the effect of cognitive training on BDNF serum levels in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:130. [PMID: 25852518 PMCID: PMC4360779 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, besides motor dysfunctions, may also display mild cognitive deficits (MCI) which increase with disease progression. The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a role in the survival of dopaminergic neurons and in the regulation of synaptic connectivity. Moreover, the brain and peripheral level of this protein may be significantly reduced in PD patients. These data suggest that a cognitive rehabilitation protocol aimed at restoring cognitive deficits in PD patients may also involve changes in this neurotrophin. Thus, in this pilot study we evaluated the effect of a cognitive rehabilitation protocol focused on the training of executive functioning and measured BDNF serum levels in a group of PD patients with mild cognitive impairment, as compared to the effect of a placebo treatment (n = 7/8 group). The results showed that PD patients undergoing the cognitive rehabilitation, besides improving their cognitive performance as measured with the Zoo Map Test, also displayed increased serum BDNF levels as compared to the placebo group. These findings suggest that BDNF serum levels may represent a biomarker of the effects of cognitive rehabilitation in PD patients affected by MCI. However, the functional significance of this increase in PD as well as other neuropathological conditions remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
| | - Antonella Peppe
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
| | - Giovanni A. Carlesimo
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
- Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataRome, Italy
| | - Francesca Serafini
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
| | - Silvia Zabberoni
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
| | - Francesco Barban
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
| | - Jacob Shofany
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
- Department of Systemic Medicine, University of Rome Tor VergataRome, Italy
| | - Alberto Costa
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRome, Italy,
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Brett ZH, Sheridan M, Humphreys K, Smyke A, Gleason MM, Fox N, Zeanah C, Nelson C, Drury S. A neurogenetics approach to defining differential susceptibility to institutional care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2015; 39:150-160. [PMID: 25663728 PMCID: PMC4317330 DOI: 10.1177/0165025414538557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An individual's neurodevelopmental and cognitive sequelae to negative early experiences may, in part, be explained by genetic susceptibility. We examined whether extreme differences in the early caregiving environment, defined as exposure to severe psychosocial deprivation associated with institutional care compared to normative rearing, interacted with a biologically informed genoset comprising BDNF (rs6265), COMT (rs4680), and SIRT1 (rs3758391) to predict distinct outcomes of neurodevelopment at age 8 (N = 193, 97 males and 96 females). Ethnicity was categorized as Romanian (71%), Roma (21%), unknown (7%), or other (1%). We identified a significant interaction between early caregiving environment (i.e., institutionalized versus never institutionalized children) and the a priori defined genoset for full-scale IQ, two spatial working memory tasks, and prefrontal cortex gray matter volume. Model validation was performed using a bootstrap resampling procedure. Although we hypothesized that the effect of this genoset would operate in a manner consistent with differential susceptibility, our results demonstrate a complex interaction where vantage susceptibility, diathesis stress, and differential susceptibility are implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anna Smyke
- Tulane University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | | | - Charles Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
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Koven NS, Collins LR. Urinary brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a biomarker of executive functioning. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 69:227-34. [PMID: 24942240 DOI: 10.1159/000362242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are vital for neuronal survival and adaptive plasticity. With high BDNF gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, BDNF is a potential regulatory factor for building and maintaining cognitive reserves. Recent studies suggest that individual differences in executive functioning, a broad cognitive domain reliant upon frontal lobe structure and function, are governed in part by variance in BDNF polymorphisms. However, as neurogenetic data are not necessarily indicative of in vivo neurochemistry, this study examines the relationship between executive functioning and the neurotransmitter by measuring peripheral BDNF levels. METHODS Fifty-two healthy young adults completed a battery of standardized executive function tests. BDNF levels, adjusted for creatinine, were quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of urine samples taken at the time of testing. RESULTS BDNF concentration was positively associated with cognitive flexibility but had no relationship with working memory, abstract reasoning/planning, self-monitoring/response inhibition, or fluency. CONCLUSIONS These results individuate cognitive flexibility as the specific facet of executive functioning associated with in vivo BDNF levels. This study also validates urinary BDNF as a peripheral biomarker of cognition in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S Koven
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, USA
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