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Transcriptome Characterization of the Roles of Abscisic Acid and Calcium Signaling during Water Deficit in Garlic. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the most important vegetable crops, and breeding drought-tolerant varieties is a vital research goal. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms in response to drought stress in garlic are still limited. In this study, garlic seedlings were subjected to 15% PEG6000 for 0, 1, 4, and 12 h, respectively, to simulate drought stress. Changes of transcriptomes as a result of drought stress in garlic leaves were determined by de novo assembly using the Illumina platform. In total, 96,712 unigenes and 11,936 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the presence of drought conditions. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Genes involved in abscisic acid and calcium signaling were further investigated and discussed. Our results indicated that a coordinated interplay between abscisic acid and calcium is required for drought-induced response in garlic.
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Wang CF, Han GL, Yang ZR, Li YX, Wang BS. Plant Salinity Sensors: Current Understanding and Future Directions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:859224. [PMID: 35463402 PMCID: PMC9022007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.859224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop yield. High salinity causes osmotic stress followed by ionic stress, both of which disturb plant growth and metabolism. Understanding how plants perceive salt stress will help efforts to improve salt tolerance and ameliorate the effect of salt stress on crop growth. Various sensors and receptors in plants recognize osmotic and ionic stresses and initiate signal transduction and adaptation responses. In the past decade, much progress has been made in identifying the sensors involved in salt stress. Here, we review current knowledge of osmotic sensors and Na+ sensors and their signal transduction pathways, focusing on plant roots under salt stress. Based on bioinformatic analyses, we also discuss possible structures and mechanisms of the candidate sensors. With the rapid decline of arable land, studies on salt-stress sensors and receptors in plants are critical for the future of sustainable agriculture in saline soils. These studies also broadly inform our overall understanding of stress signaling in plants.
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Wang F, Wei Y, Yan T, Wang C, Chao Y, Jia M, An L, Sheng H. Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 alters physiological metabolism and recruits beneficial rhizosphere bacteria to improve plant growth and drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1002772. [PMID: 36388485 PMCID: PMC9650444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought poses a serious threat to plant growth. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have great potential to improve plant nutrition, yield, and drought tolerance. Sphingomonas is an important microbiota genus that is extensively distributed in the plant or rhizosphere. However, the knowledge of its plant growth-promoting function in dry regions is extremely limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of PGPB Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 on maize under normal conditions and drought stress. We found that Hbc-6 increased the biomass of maize under normal conditions and drought stress. For instance, the root fresh weight and shoot dry weight of inoculated maize increased by 39.1% and 34.8% respectively compared with non-inoculated plant, while they increased by 61.3% and 96.3% respectively under drought conditions. Hbc-6 also promoted seed germination, maintained stomatal morphology and increased chlorophyll content so as to enhance photosynthesis of plants. Hbc-6 increased antioxidant enzyme (catalase, superoxide, peroxidase) activities and osmoregulation substances (proline, soluble sugar) and up-regulated the level of beneficial metabolites (resveratrol, etc.). Moreover, Hbc-6 reshaped the maize rhizosphere bacterial community, increased its richness and diversity, and made the rhizosphere bacterial community more complex to resist stress; Hbc-6 could also recruit more potentially rhizosphere beneficial bacteria which might promote plant growth together with Hbc-6 both under normal and drought stress. In short, Hbc-6 increased maize biomass and drought tolerance through the above ways. Our findings lay a foundation for exploring the complex mechanisms of interactions between Sphingomonas and plants, and it is important that Sphingomonas sp. Hbc-6 can be used as a potential biofertilizer in agricultural production, which will assist finding new solutions for improving the growth and yield of crops in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yali Wei
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Taozhe Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yinghui Chao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lizhe An
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhe An, ; Hongmei Sheng,
| | - Hongmei Sheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhe An, ; Hongmei Sheng,
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Mukarram M, Khan MMA, Zehra A, Petrik P, Kurjak D. Suffer or Survive: Decoding Salt-Sensitivity of Lemongrass and Its Implication on Essential Oil Productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903954. [PMID: 35783975 PMCID: PMC9245047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) crop is dominated by its medicinal, food preservative, and cosmetic demands. The growing economy of the lemongrass market suggests the immense commercial potential of lemongrass and its essential oil. Nevertheless, the continuous increase of the saline regime threatens the growth and productivity of most of the plant life worldwide. In this regard, the present experiment explores the salt sensitiveness of the lemongrass crop against five different levels of salt stress. Metabolomic analyses suggest that lemongrass plants can effectively tolerate a salt concentration of up to 80 mM and retain most of their growth and productivity. However, extreme NaCl concentrations (≥160 mM) inflicted significant (α = 0.05) damage to the plant physiology and exhausted the lemongrass antioxidative defence system. Therefore, the highest NaCl concentration (240 mM) minimised plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence, and essential oil production by up to 50, 27, and 45%. The overall data along with the salt implications on photosynthetic machinery and ROS metabolism suggest that lemongrass can be considered a moderately sensitive crop to salt stress. The study, sensu lato, can be used in reclaiming moderately saline lands with lemongrass cultivation converting such lands from economic liability to economic asset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Mukarram, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-9366
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Peter Petrik
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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Luo Q, Ma Y, Chen Z, Xie H, Wang Y, Zhou L, Ma Y. Biochemical responses of hairgrass ( Deschampsia caespitosa) to hydrological change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:987845. [PMID: 36226294 PMCID: PMC9549154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.987845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development are closely related to water availability. Water deficit and water excess are detrimental to plants, causing a series of damage to plant morphology, physiological and biochemical processes. In the long evolutionary process, plants have evolved an array of complex mechanisms to combat against stressful conditions. In the present study, the duration-dependent changes in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents and activities of enzymes involved in the AsA-GSH cycle in hairgrass (Deschampsia caespitosa) in response to water stress was investigated in a pot trial using a complete random block design. The treatments were as follows: (1) heavily waterlogging, (2) moderate waterlogging, (3) light waterlogging, (4) light drought, (5) moderate drought, (6) heavily drought, and (7) a control (CK) with plant be maintained at optimum water availability. The hairgrass plants were subjected to waterlogging or drought for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and data were measured following treatment. Results revealed that hairgrass subjected to water stress can stimulate enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and L-galactono-1, 4-lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), switched on the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle and the L-galactose synthesis, up-regulated the contents of AsA and GSH, and maintained higher ratios of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHA) and reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) to alleviate potential oxidative damage. However, the light waterlogging did not induce hairgrass under stress to switch on the AsA-GSH pathway. In general, the critic substances and enzyme activities in AsA-GSH metabolic pathway increased as the increase of water stress intensity. As the increase of exposure duration, the critic antioxidant substances content and enzyme activities increased first and then maintained a relatively stable higher level. Our findings provide comprehensive information on biochemical responses of hairgrass to hydrological change, which would be a major step for accelerating ecological restoration of degradation alpine marshes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yonggui Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Huichun Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yanlong Wang
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Lianyu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Yushou Ma
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Yushou Ma,
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Mukarram M, Choudhary S, Khan MA, Poltronieri P, Khan MMA, Ali J, Kurjak D, Shahid M. Lemongrass Essential Oil Components with Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:20. [PMID: 35052524 PMCID: PMC8773226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prominent cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) relies on the pharmacological incentives of its essential oil. Lemongrass essential oil (LEO) carries a significant amount of numerous bioactive compounds, such as citral (mixture of geranial and neral), isoneral, isogeranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, citronellal, citronellol, germacrene-D, and elemol, in addition to other bioactive compounds. These components confer various pharmacological actions to LEO, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. These LEO attributes are commercially exploited in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food preservations industries. Furthermore, the application of LEO in the treatment of cancer opens a new vista in the field of therapeutics. Although different LEO components have shown promising anticancer activities in vitro, their effects have not yet been assessed in the human system. Hence, further studies on the anticancer mechanisms conferred by LEO components are required. The present review intends to provide a timely discussion on the relevance of LEO in combating cancer and sustaining human healthcare, as well as in food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| | - Sadaf Choudhary
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Mo Ahamad Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, ISPA-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Via Monteroni km 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.C.); (M.M.A.K.)
| | - Jamin Ali
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001 Zvolen, Slovakia;
| | - Mohd Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Road 2904 Building 293 Manama, 329, Bahrain;
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The Role of Membrane Transporters in Plant Growth and Development, and Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312792. [PMID: 34884597 PMCID: PMC8657488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins of membrane transporters (MTs) are embedded within membrane-bounded organelles and are the prime targets for improvements in the efficiency of water and nutrient transportation. Their function is to maintain cellular homeostasis by controlling ionic movements across cellular channels from roots to upper plant parts, xylem loading and remobilization of sugar molecules from photosynthesis tissues in the leaf (source) to roots, stem and seeds (sink) via phloem loading. The plant's entire source-to-sink relationship is regulated by multiple transporting proteins in a highly sophisticated manner and driven based on different stages of plant growth and development (PG&D) and environmental changes. The MTs play a pivotal role in PG&D in terms of increased plant height, branches/tiller numbers, enhanced numbers, length and filled panicles per plant, seed yield and grain quality. Dynamic climatic changes disturbed ionic balance (salt, drought and heavy metals) and sugar supply (cold and heat stress) in plants. Due to poor selectivity, some of the MTs also uptake toxic elements in roots negatively impact PG&D and are later on also exported to upper parts where they deteriorate grain quality. As an adaptive strategy, in response to salt and heavy metals, plants activate plasma membranes and vacuolar membrane-localized MTs that export toxic elements into vacuole and also translocate in the root's tips and shoot. However, in case of drought, cold and heat stresses, MTs increased water and sugar supplies to all organs. In this review, we mainly review recent literature from Arabidopsis, halophytes and major field crops such as rice, wheat, maize and oilseed rape in order to argue the global role of MTs in PG&D, and abiotic stress tolerance. We also discussed gene expression level changes and genomic variations within a species as well as within a family in response to developmental and environmental cues.
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Si W, Liang Q, Chen L, Song F, Chen Y, Jiang H. Ectopic Overexpression of Maize Heat Stress Transcription Factor ZmHsf05 Confers Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Rice. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1568. [PMID: 34680963 PMCID: PMC8536174 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a key factor affecting plant growth and development. Heat shock transcription factors (Hsfs) have been reported to respond to diverse abiotic stresses, including drought stress. In the present study, functional characterization of maize heat shock transcription factor 05 (ZmHsf05) gene was conducted. Homologous analysis showed that ZmHsf05 belongs to Class A2 Hsfs. The mRNA expression level of ZmHsf05 can be affected by drought, high temperature, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Ectopic overexpression of ZmHsf05 in rice (Oryza sativa) could significantly enhance the drought tolerance. Faced with drought stress, transgenic rice exhibited better phenotypic performance, higher survival rate, higher proline content, and lower leaf water loss rate, compared with wild-type plant Zhonghua11. Additionally, we assessed the agronomic traits of seven transgenic rice lines overexpressing ZmHsf05 and found that ZmHsf05 altered agronomical traits in the field trials. Moreover, rice overexpressing ZmHsf05 was more sensitive to ABA and had either a lower germination rate or shorter shoot length under ABA treatment. The transcription level of key genes in the ABA synthesis and drought-related pathway were significantly improved in transgenic rice after drought stress. Collectively, our results showed that ZmHsf05 could improve drought tolerance in rice, likely in an ABA-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Si
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (W.S.); (Q.L.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qizhi Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (W.S.); (Q.L.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Li Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (W.S.); (Q.L.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Feiyang Song
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (W.S.); (Q.L.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - You Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (W.S.); (Q.L.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (W.S.); (Q.L.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (Y.C.)
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