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Levine M, Lohinai ZM. Resolving the Contradictory Functions of Lysine Decarboxylase and Butyrate in Periodontal and Intestinal Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112360. [PMID: 34072136 PMCID: PMC8198195 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a common, bacterially mediated health problem worldwide. Mastication (chewing) repeatedly traumatizes the gingiva and periodontium, causing traces of inflammatory exudate, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), to appear in crevices between the teeth and gingiva. Inadequate tooth cleaning causes a dentally adherent microbial biofilm composed of commensal salivary bacteria to appear around these crevices where many bacteria grow better on GCF than in saliva. We reported that lysine decarboxylase (Ldc) from Eikenella corrodens depletes the GCF of lysine by converting it to cadaverine and carbon dioxide. Lysine is an amino acid essential for the integrity and continuous renewal of dentally attached epithelium acting as a barrier to microbial products. Unless removed regularly by oral hygiene, bacterial products invade the lysine-deprived dental attachment where they stimulate inflammation that enhances GCF exudation. Cadaverine increases and supports the development of a butyrate-producing microbiome that utilizes the increased GCF substrates to slowly destroy the periodontium (dysbiosis). A long-standing paradox is that acid-induced Ldc and butyrate production support a commensal (probiotic) microbiome in the intestine. Here, we describe how the different physiologies of the respective tissues explain how the different Ldc and butyrate functions impact the progression and control of these two chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Levine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary;
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Oruba Z, Gawron K, Bereta GP, Sroka A, Potempa J, Chomyszyn-Gajewska M. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy effectively reduces Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes: An in vitro study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102330. [PMID: 33965605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis possess the ability to invade host cells which prevents this pathogen from eradication by conventional periodontal therapy. Recently, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was introduced to periodontal treatment as a complementary antibacterial method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of toluidine blue-O (TBO) mediated aPDT on the viability of P. gingivalis invading gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes in an in vitro model of infection. METHODS Primary human gingival fibroblasts (PHGF) and telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGK) were infected with Pg ATCC 33277. Two concentrations of TBO (0.01 mg/mL, TBO-c1 and 0.001 mg/mL, TBO-c2) and a non-laser red light source (λ = 630 nm) were applied to treat both cell-adherent/intracellular Pg (the adhesion/invasion model) or exclusively the intracellular bacteria (the intracellular infection model). RESULTS The median viability of cell-adherent/intracellular Pg in infected keratinocytes declined from 1.88 × 105 cfu/mL in infected cells treated with TBO without irradiation to 40 cfu/mL upon irradiation for 10 s with TBO-c1. At higher light doses a complete photokilling of P. gingivalis was observed. Pg from exclusively intracellular infection model was also efficiently eradicated as the residual viability dropped from 1.44 × 105 cfu/mL in control samples to 160, 20 and 10 cfu/mL upon irradiation for 10, 20 and 30 s, respectively. In the infected fibroblasts irradiation significantly reduced bacterial viability but did not completely eradicate the intracellular pathogen. CONCLUSIONS Antimicrobial PDT is effective in reducing the viability of intracellular periopathogens, however those residing within gingival fibroblasts seems to attenuate the photokilling effectiveness of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Oruba
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Montelupich 4, 31-155, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz P Bereta
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Aneta Sroka
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jan Potempa
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland; University of Louisville, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, 501 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States.
| | - Maria Chomyszyn-Gajewska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Chair of Periodontology and Clinical Oral Pathology, Montelupich 4, 31-155, Kraków, Poland.
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Vitkov L, Muñoz LE, Knopf J, Schauer C, Oberthaler H, Minnich B, Hannig M, Herrmann M. Connection between Periodontitis-Induced Low-Grade Endotoxemia and Systemic Diseases: Neutrophils as Protagonists and Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4647. [PMID: 33925019 PMCID: PMC8125370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a promoter of many systemic diseases, but the signaling pathways of this interconnection remain elusive. Recently, it became evident that certain microbial challenges promote a heightened response of myeloid cell populations to subsequent infections either with the same or other pathogens. This phenomenon involves changes in the cell epigenetic and transcription, and is referred to as ''trained immunity''. It acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). A main modulation driver is the sustained, persistent low-level transmission of lipopolysaccharide from the periodontal pocket into the peripheral blood. Subsequently, the neutrophil phenotype changes and neutrophils become hyper-responsive and prone to boosted formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Cytotoxic neutrophil proteases and histones are responsible for ulcer formations on the pocket epithelium, which foster bacteremia and endoxemia. The latter promote systemic low-grade inflammation (SLGI), a precondition for many systemic diseases and some of them, e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes etc., can be triggered by SLGI alone. Either reverting the polarized neutrophils back to the homeostatic state or attenuation of neutrophil hyper-responsiveness in periodontitis might be an approach to diminish or even to prevent systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Vitkov
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Hannah Oberthaler
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernd Minnich
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
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Hu Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Xia X, Li H, Qiu C, Liao Y, Chen H, He Z, Song Z, Zhou W. Activated STAT3 signaling pathway by ligature-induced periodontitis could contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:80. [PMID: 33757547 PMCID: PMC7986277 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests a causal link between periodontitis and cognitive disorders. Systemic inflammation initiated by periodontitis may mediate the development of cognitive impairment. Our study aims to investigate the effect of ligature-induced periodontitis on cognitive function and the role of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in this process. Materials and methods Ligature-induced periodontitis was established, and the rats were treated intraperitoneally with/without the pSTAT3 inhibitor cryptotanshinone (CTS). Alveolar bone resorption and periodontal inflammation were detected by micro-computed tomography analysis and histopathological evaluation. Locomotor activity and cognitive function were evaluated by the open field test and the Morris water maze test, respectively. The activation of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus and cortex was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-21) in both the periphery and cortex was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. The expression of TLR/NF-κB and ROS cascades was evaluated by RT-PCR. The expression of pSTAT3 and the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway (JAK2, STAT3, and pSTAT3) in the periodontal tissue and cortex were assessed by IHC and Western blot. The expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its key secretases was evaluated by RT-PCR. The level of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and the ratio of Aβ1-40/1-42 were measured via ELISA in the plasma and cortex while IHC was used to detect the level of Aβ1-42 in the brain. Results In periodontal ligature rats, significant alveolar bone resorption and local inflammatory cell infiltration were present. Apparent increases in inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-21) were detected in peripherial blood and brain. Additionally, spatial learning and memory ability was impaired, while locomotor activity was not affected. Activated microglia and astrocytes were found in the cortex and hippocampus, presenting as enlarged cell bodies and irregular protrusions. Levels of TLR/NF-kB, PPAR and ROS were altered. The STAT3 signaling pathway was activated in both the periodontal tissue and cortex, and the processing of APP by β- and γ-secretases was promoted. The changes mentioned above could be relieved by the pSTAT3 inhibitor CTS. Conclusions Ligature-induced periodontitis in rats resulted in systemic inflammation and further abnormal APP processing, leading to cognitive impairments. In this progress, the activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway may play an important role by increasing inflammatory load and promoting neuroinflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02071-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huxiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Che Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiyan He
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, 115 Jinzun Road, Shanghai, 200125, China.
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Deng J, Golub LM, Lee HM, Bhatt HD, Hong HL, Johnson F, Scaduto J, Zimmerman T, Gu Y. A Novel Chemically-Modified Curcumin 2.24: Short-Term Systemic Therapy for Natural Periodontitis in Dogs. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.609795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a destructive periodontal inflammatory disease, negatively impacts oral-health related quality of life. It's characterized by the generation of inflammatory mediators and the excess-production of collagenolytic tissue-destructive enzymes (especially matrix metalloproteinases, MMPs). Many biomarkers can be used to define/diagnose disease progression. However, there is still a critical lack of specific, fast, and reliable biomarkers that correlate well with early response to treatment, which can be used to predict/monitor disease. Here, we report that an early marker, MMP-9, was found to be sensitive in response to a 1-month systemic therapy of CMC2.24, a novel chemically-modified curcumin, in beagle dogs with naturally-occurring periodontitis. In brief, eight adult female dogs with generalized periodontitis were distributed into placebo and treatment groups (n = 4/group). After a 1-h full-mouth scaling and root planing at time 0, placebo or CMC2.24 (10 mg/kg) capsules were orally-administered once/day for 1-month. Clinical periodontal parameters were measured at time 0 and 1-month; in addition, peripheral blood samples from these dogs were collected and analyzed for the pro-, activated-, and total-forms of MMP-9 by gelatin zymography. Interestingly, we found that the 1-month systemic therapy of CMC2.24 did appear to significantly reduce both pro- and activated-MMP-9 in peripheral blood at this early stage compared to placebo, prior to apparent clinical improvements seen at a later stage in a previous study (3-months). Thus, MMP-9 may serve as an early/sensitive biomarker that can precede/predict future clinical changes in disease severity and response to treatment which we observed in the long-term study in this dog model of natural periodontitis.
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Zhang W, Jia L, Zhao B, Xiong Y, Wang YN, Liang J, Xu X. Quercetin reverses TNF‑α induced osteogenic damage to human periodontal ligament stem cells by suppressing the NF‑κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:39. [PMID: 33537804 PMCID: PMC7891819 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (Quer) is a typical antioxidant flavonoid from plants that is involved in bone metabolism, as well as in the progression of inflammatory diseases. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a typical pro-inflammatory cytokine, can affect osteogenesis. In the present study, TNF-α was used to establish an in vitro model of periodontitis. The effects of Quer on, as well as its potential role in the osteogenic response of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) under TNF-α-induced inflammatory conditions and the underlying mechanisms were then investigated. Within the appropriate concentration range, Quer did not exhibit any cytotoxicity. More importantly, Quer significantly attenuated the TNF-α induced the suppression of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized matrix in the hPDLSCs. These findings were associated with the fact that Quer inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, as well as the expression of NLRP3 inflammation-associated proteins in the inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, the silencing of NLRP3 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was found to protect the hPDLSCs against TNF-α-induced osteogenic damage, which was in accordance with the effects of Quer. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that Quer reduces the impaired osteogenesis of hPDLSCs under TNF-α-induced inflammatory conditions by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Thus, Quer may prove to be a potential remedy against periodontal bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Linglu Jia
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yixuan Xiong
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Amin M, Tang S, Shalamanova L, Taylor RL, Wylie S, Abdullah BM, Whitehead KA. Polyamine biomarkers as indicators of human disease. Biomarkers 2021; 26:77-94. [PMID: 33439737 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1875506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The significant increase of periodontitis, chronic kidney disease (CKD), Alzheimer's disease and cancer can be attributed to an ageing population. Each disease produces a range of biomarkers that can be indicative of disease onset and progression. Biomarkers are defined as cellular (intra/extracellular components and whole cells), biochemical (metabolites, ions and toxins) or molecular (nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) alterations which are measurable in biological media such as human tissues, cells or fluids. An interesting group of biomarkers that merit further investigation are the polyamines. Polyamines are a group of molecules consisting of cadaverine, putrescine, spermine and spermidine and have been implicated in the development of a range of systemic diseases, in part due to their production in periodontitis. Cadaverine and putrescine within the periodontal environment have demonstrated cell signalling interfering abilities, by way of leukocyte migration disruption. The polyamines spermine and spermidine in tumour cells have been shown to inhibit cellular apoptosis, effectively prolonging tumorigenesis and continuation of cancer within the host. Polyamine degradation products such as acrolein have been shown to exacerbate renal damage in CKD patients. Thus, the use of such molecules has merit to be utilized in the early indication of such diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Amin
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Engineering and Technology, Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Shiying Tang
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Liliana Shalamanova
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca L Taylor
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Wylie
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Badr M Abdullah
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Holmer J, Aho V, Eriksdotter M, Paulin L, Pietiäinen M, Auvinen P, Schultzberg M, Pussinen PJ, Buhlin K. Subgingival microbiota in a population with and without cognitive dysfunction. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1854552. [PMID: 33537116 PMCID: PMC7833025 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1854552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the subgingival microbiota of people with Alzheimer´s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and cognitively healthy individuals. Materials and methods: The study population was recruited from 2013 to 2017 and comprised 132 cases recently diagnosed with AD (n = 46), MCI (n = 40) or SCD (n = 46), and 63 cognitively healthy controls. Subgingival samples were collected, and the microbiotas were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: The relative abundance of the ten most common genera did not differ between the cases and control groups. However, the microbial richness and evenness were higher in cases than in controls and differed across the four groups. The variables with the greatest influence on the microbial community composition were related to periodontal disease followed by body mass index, study group affiliation and smoking. Ten taxa exhibited significant differences between case participants and controls. Two Operational Taxonomic Units were particularly abundant in AD compared to controls: Slackia exigua, which was also associated with deep periodontal pockets, and a Lachnospiraceae [G-7] bacterium. Conclusion: It is concluded that in individuals with cognitive impairment or AD, the subgingival microbiota exhibits shifts typical of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Holmer
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Velma Aho
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Eriksdotter
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Lars Paulin
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianne Schultzberg
- Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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NETs Are Double-Edged Swords with the Potential to Aggravate or Resolve Periodontal Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122614. [PMID: 33291407 PMCID: PMC7762037 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a general term for diseases characterised by inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, gradual destruction of the marginal periodontal ligament and resorption of alveolar bone. Early-onset periodontitis is due to disturbed neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and clearance. Indeed, mutations that inactivate the cysteine proteases cathepsin C result in the massive periodontal damage seen in patients with deficient NET formation. In contrast, exaggerated NET formation due to polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) hyper-responsiveness drives the pathology of late-onset periodontitis by damaging and ulcerating the gingival epithelium and retarding epithelial healing. Despite the gingival regeneration, periodontitis progression ends with almost complete loss of the periodontal ligament and subsequent tooth loss. Thus, NETs help to maintain periodontal health, and their dysregulation, either insufficiency or surplus, causes heavy periodontal pathology and edentulism.
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Lack of association between Mannose Binding Lectin-2 gene polymorphisms and periodontitis: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Cyanobacteria and Microalgae as Sources of Functional Foods to Improve Human General and Oral Health. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215164. [PMID: 33171936 PMCID: PMC7664199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the scenario of promising sources of functional foods and preventive drugs, microalgae and cyanobacteria are attracting global attention. In this review, the current and future role of microalgae as natural sources of functional foods for human health and, in particular, for oral health has been reported and discussed in order to provide an overview on the state of art on microalgal effects on human oral health. It is well known that due to their richness in high-valuable products, microalgae offer good anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-glycemic, cholesterol-lowering, and antimicrobial activity. Moreover, the findings of the present research show that microalgae could also have a significant impact on oral health: several studies agree on the potential application of microalgae for oral cancer prevention as well as for the treatment of chronic periodontitis and different oral diseases with microbial origin. Thus, beneficial effects of microalgae could be implemented in different medical fields. Microalgae and cyanobacteria could represent a potential natural alternative to antibiotic, antiviral, or antimycotic therapies, as well as a good supplement for the prevention and co-adjuvant treatment of different oral diseases. Nevertheless, more studies are required to identify strains of interest, increase overall functioning, and make safe, effective products available for the whole population.
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Dikilitas¸ A, Karaaslan F, Yig˘it U. The Association Between Oral Hygiene Behavior and Gingival Health Status with the Stage and Grade of Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820939810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the association between teeth brushing (TB) and interdental cleansing (IDC) frequency changes with gingival health status and the stage and grade of periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of clinical examination and questionnaires. The questionnaires include demographic information and oral hygiene (TB and IDC) behavior. More than 18-year-old participants who underwent a periodontal treatment were randomly included. 548 individuals were classified as gingival healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis according to the 2017 classification system. The degree of periodontitis was based on stage and grade systems. The data were analyzed by using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: The highest TB frequency (twice daily) was the highest in patients with gingivitis (83.7%) followed by healthy patients (82.9%) and patients with stage I periodontitis (52.2%). Compared to those who performed IDC daily, 18.9% of patients were healthy and 8.1% had stage II periodontitis. There was a statistically significant association between the oral hygiene behavior and periodontal health status of participants. Statistically significant association was seen between the TB and IDC with stage-grade of periodontitis. When the TB and IDC scores of different grade groups were compared at the same stage level, no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: This study showed that periodontal health status was positively correlated with TB and IDC frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahu Dikilitas¸
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Fatih Karaaslan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Umut Yig˘it
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
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63
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Nammour S, El Mobadder M, Maalouf E, Namour M, Namour A, Rey G, Matamba P, Matys J, Zeinoun T, Grzech-Leśniak K. Clinical Evaluation of Diode (980 nm) Laser-Assisted Nonsurgical Periodontal Pocket Therapy: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial and Bacteriological Study. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 39:10-22. [PMID: 32865464 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mechanical debridement is the gold standard in the periodontitis therapy. However, it is suggested that adjunctive use of lasers can result in a more effective treatment outcome. Objective: Evaluate the efficiency of diode laser-assisted nonsurgical therapy of periodontitis as adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: One hundred sixty vertical bone defects [pocket depth (PD) at baseline ≥6 mm] had been randomly allocated to receive SRP alone (group C) or SRP coupled to a diode laser (980 nm) protocol (group C+L): SRP, irrigation with hydrogen peroxide solution (3%), de-epithelization of the internal and external gingiva followed by blood stabilization, and coagulation by laser beam were made. Beam parameters: 10 μsec/pulse duration, 10 kHz, pick power of 10 W, average power of 1 W, and fiber diameter of 400 μm. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing, gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), and PD were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Microbiological data were collected randomly from 26 pockets from both groups at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months after treatment. Results: At all periods of follow-up, there was a significant difference between both groups in all clinical parameters except in GR. In group C+L, 76% of pockets had PD ≤3 mm after 12 months of follow-up and an average of PD = 1.77 ± 0.46 mm, while 56% of pockets in group control (C) had an average of PD = 5.00 ± 0.83 mm after 12 months of follow-up. Total bacteria count in group C + L was significantly lower compared to group C only at 12 weeks and 6 months of follow-up. Furthermore, there was high significant decrease in the number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia at all the follow-up periods. Conclusions: As adjunctive to SRP, diode laser-assisted nonsurgical therapy of periodontitis has significantly improved clinical parameters of PI and POB and has significantly reduced the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and PD compared to the control group after 1 year of follow-up. A significant reduction in periodontal pathogens has been observed in group C + L only at 12 weeks and 6 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Elie Maalouf
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Melanie Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gerard Rey
- Service formation continue Universités Paris 7 Garancière et Montpellier UFR, Agde, France
| | - Patrick Matamba
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacek Matys
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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64
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Hur YS, Lim HC, Herr Y. Utilizing Chronic Intrasocket Granulation Tissue for Ridge Preservation: A Novel Approach. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2020; 46:438-445. [PMID: 33031549 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun-Chang Lim
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeek Herr
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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65
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Hu Y, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xia X, Qiu C, Liao Y, Chen H, Song Z, Zhou W. Periodontitis Induced by P. gingivalis-LPS Is Associated With Neuroinflammation and Learning and Memory Impairment in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:658. [PMID: 32714134 PMCID: PMC7344110 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases and is a potential risk factor for systemic diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between periodontitis and learning and memory impairment. Methods We established a periodontitis model by topical application of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis-LPS) into the palatal gingival sulcus of the maxillary first molars of 10-week-old male rats for a 10-week period. We assessed alveolar bone resorption using micro-computed tomography analysis and learning and memory ability using the Morris water maze test. We determined the levels of cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-21] and LPS in the peripheral blood and cortex, as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathway activation, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot. We determined activation of microglia and astrocytes, expression of Aβ1-42, APP and Tau by immunohistochemistry. Finally, we measured the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its key secretases, as well as the Aβ1-40/1-42 ratio, by RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA. Results We found that periodontitis induced learning and memory impairment in the rats. Further, we observed that it induced significant alveolar bone resorption. There was an increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines and LPS. Moreover, we confirmed TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. We also observed activated microglia and astrocytes with enlarged cell bodies and irregular protrusions. Finally, we observed the promotion of β- and γ-secretases APP processing. Conclusion Our findings indicated that periodontitis was associated with learning and memory impairment, probably induced by neuroinflammation via activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, abnormal APP processing could be involved in this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huxiao Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Xia
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Che Qiu
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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66
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Panahipour L, Kochergina E, Laggner M, Zimmermann M, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ, Gruber R. Role for Lipids Secreted by Irradiated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Inflammatory Resolution in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134694. [PMID: 32630157 PMCID: PMC7370068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is associated with dying cells that potentially release metabolites helping to promote inflammatory resolution. We had shown earlier that the secretome of irradiated, dying peripheral blood mononuclear cells support in vitro angiogenesis. However, the ability of the secretome to promote inflammatory resolution remains unknown. Here, we determined the expression changes of inflammatory cytokines in murine bone marrow macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, and gingival fibroblasts exposed to the secretome obtained from γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro by RT-PCR and immunoassays. Nuclear translocation of p65 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Phosphorylation of p65 and degradation of IκB was determined by Western blot. The secretome of irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells significantly decreased the expression of IL1 and IL6 in primary macrophages and RAW264.7 cells when exposed to LPS or saliva, and of IL1, IL6, and IL8 in gingival fibroblasts when exposed to IL-1β and TNFα. These changes were associated with decreased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 but not degradation of IκB in macrophages. We also show that the lipid fraction of the secretome lowered the inflammatory response of macrophages exposed to the inflammatory cues. These results demonstrate that the secretome of irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can lower an in vitro simulated inflammatory response, supporting the overall concept that the secretome of dying cells promotes inflammatory resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Evgeniya Kochergina
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Maria Laggner
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (H.J.A.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zimmermann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Hendrik J. Ankersmit
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (H.J.A.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (E.K.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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67
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Isik G, Hasirci N, Tezcaner A, Kiziltay A. Multifunctional periodontal membrane for treatment and regeneration purposes. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911520911659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes gum tissue degeneration and alveolar bone and tooth loss. The aim of this study is to develop a multifunctional matrix for the treatment of periodontitis and enhancement of regeneration of the periodontal tissue. The matrix was prepared from vitamin E containing hydrogel made of alginate and gelatin, and doxycycline HCl containing methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polycaprolactone micelles. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polycaprolactone was synthesized with ring-opening polymerization technique and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography. Micelles were characterized by measuring zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, drug encapsulation efficiency, drug loading capacity, and in vitro drug-release kinetics. Micelles were obtained with an average size of 164 nm and drug loading amount of 5.8%. The activity of doxycycline HCl–loaded micelles and vitamin E containing hydrogels was determined against Escherichia coli ( E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) with disk diffusion method. Bio-efficacy of micelle-loaded alginate–gelatin hydrogels were tested in vitro using L929 fibroblasts and dental pulp stem cells. Doxycycline HCl–loaded micelles and vitamin E containing hydrogels showed a sustained release and exhibited inhibition zone against E. coli and S. aureus. Hydrogels with vitamin E and doxycycline HCl–loaded micelles promoted osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Results suggest that alginate–gelatin hydrogels containing doxycycline HCl–loaded micelles and vitamin E can be good candidates for the treatment of periodontitis and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulhan Isik
- Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN-Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Hasirci
- Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN-Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Near East University, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterial Research Center, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Aysen Tezcaner
- Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- BIOMATEN-Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kiziltay
- BIOMATEN-Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Central Laboratory, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
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68
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Rodas MAR, Paula BLD, Pazmiño VFC, Lot Vieira FFDS, Junior JFS, Silveira EMV. Platelet-Rich Fibrin in Coverage of Gingival Recession: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:315-326. [PMID: 32221958 PMCID: PMC7296445 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes versus subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) in the coverage of Miller class I and II gingival recessions. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, the quality of seven articles (Cohen's Kappa = 0.9) was evaluated using the Jadad scale. The MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were consulted, and manual searches were performed in the most popular periodontics journals. The studies included considered a total of 122 patients, 203 surgical fields on which SCTGs were used, and 205 surgical fields on which PRF was used. The parameters analyzed were probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, and keratinized mucosa. The minimum follow-up period accepted was 6 months. A statistically significant difference between the SCTG and PRF groups was found only in the case of keratinized mucosa. However, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and probing depth parameters in the PRF group were found to be statistically equal to those of the SCTG group (the gold standard) (p ≥0.05). PRF membranes were determined to be a promising alternative to autogenous gingival grafts in the treatment of Miller class I and II gingival recessions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victor Fabrizio Cabrera Pazmiño
- Department of prosthesis, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies (HRAC), University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
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69
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Al Asmari D, Khan MK. Effect of photodynamic therapy on gingival inflammation in patients with thalassemia. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 29:101595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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70
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Castro MML, Ferreira RDO, Fagundes NCF, Almeida APCPSC, Maia LC, Lima RR. Association between Psychological Stress and Periodontitis: A Systematic Review. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:171-179. [PMID: 32069501 PMCID: PMC7069755 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aims to investigate the association between psychological stress and periodontitis through analysis of cortisol levels and periodontal clinical parameters. This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide and based on PECO (Participants, Exposure, Comparators, Outcomes) question and registered at PROSPERO under the code CRD42017076670. As eligibility criteria, observational studies performed in adult humans presenting periodontitis (P), which evaluated patients exposed (E) and nonexposed to psychological stress (C) and to verify the association between this type of stress and periodontitis (O) were included. The searches were performed until March 2018. The following databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar. After searches, the duplicate results were removed. The remaining citations were selected according to eligibility criteria in two phases. In the first phase, the title/abstract was evaluated. In the second phase, the articles were chosen previously were assessed by full text. After selection, the studies were submitted to data extraction and risk of bias evaluation by Fowkes and Fulton. A total of 1,386 citations were retrieved. After duplicates removal and selection process, three articles were selected by full text. Among them, two articles reported a positive association between psychological stress and periodontitis. All articles were classified as low risk of bias. Even though two articles highlighted an association between psychological stress and the presence of a possible modulatory pattern of cortisol levels in clinical parameters of periodontitis, more studies are necessary to elucidate this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaele M L Castro
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Railson de O Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Nathalia C F Fagundes
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta. 5528 Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anna P C P S C Almeida
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucianne C Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 1, Guamá, Belém, PA, Brazil
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71
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Hickey NA, Shalamanova L, Whitehead KA, Dempsey-Hibbert N, van der Gast C, Taylor RL. Exploring the putative interactions between chronic kidney disease and chronic periodontitis. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:61-77. [PMID: 32046541 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1724872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic periodontitis (CP) are both common diseases, which are found disproportionately comorbid with each other and have been reported to have a detrimental effect on the progression of each respective disease. They have an overlap in risk factors and both are a source of systemic inflammation along with a wide selection of immunological and non-specific effects that can affect the body over the lifespan of the conditions. Previous studies have investigated the directionality of the relationship between these two diseases; however, there is a lack of literature that has examined how these diseases may be interacting at the localized and systemic level. This review discusses how oral microorganisms have the ability to translocate and have distal effects and provides evidence for microbial involvement in a systemic disease. Furthermore, it summarizes the reported local and systemic effects of CKD and CP and discusses how the interaction of these effects may be responsible for directionality associations reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall A Hickey
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Liliana Shalamanova
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Nina Dempsey-Hibbert
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher van der Gast
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca L Taylor
- Centre for Bioscience, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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72
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Huck O, Mulhall H, Rubin G, Kizelnik Z, Iyer R, Perpich JD, Haque N, Cani PD, de Vos WM, Amar S. Akkermansia muciniphila reduces Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced inflammation and periodontal bone destruction. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:202-212. [PMID: 31674689 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Akkermansia muciniphila is a beneficial gut commensal, whose anti-inflammatory properties have recently been demonstrated. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of A. muciniphila on Porphyromonas gingivalis elicited inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS In lean and obese mice, A. muciniphila was administered in P. gingivalis-induced calvarial abscess and in experimental periodontitis model (EIP). Bone destruction and inflammation were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis. In vitro, A. muciniphila was co-cultured with P. gingivalis, growth and virulence factor expression was evaluated. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMϕ) and gingival epithelial cells (TIGK) were exposed to both bacterial strains, and the expression of inflammatory mediators, as well as tight junction markers, was analysed. RESULTS In a model of calvarial infection, A. muciniphila decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and bone destruction. In EIP, treatment with A. muciniphila resulted in a decreased alveolar bone loss. In vitro, the addition of A. muciniphila to P. gingivalis-infected BMMϕ increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 and decreased IL-12. Additionally, A. muciniphila exposure increases the expression of junctional integrity markers such as integrin-β1, E-cadherin and ZO-1 in TIGK cells. A. muciniphila co-culture with P. gingivalis reduced gingipains mRNA expression. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated the protective effects of A. muciniphila administration and may open consideration to its use as an adjunctive therapeutic agent to periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Huck
- UMR 1260, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), Regenerative Nanomedicine, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie-Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hannah Mulhall
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - George Rubin
- Touro College of Dental Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Zev Kizelnik
- Touro College of Dental Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Radha Iyer
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - John D Perpich
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Nasreen Haque
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Patrice D Cani
- WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition research group, UCLouvain, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, RPU Human Microbiome, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Salomon Amar
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Touro College of Dental Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
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73
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Budai-Szűcs M, Léber A, Cui L, Józó M, Vályi P, Burián K, Kirschweng B, Csányi E, Pukánszky B. Electrospun PLA Fibers Containing Metronidazole for Periodontal Disease. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:233-242. [PMID: 32021107 PMCID: PMC6970621 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s231748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Electrospun PLA fiber devices were investigated in the form of fiber mats and disks. Metronidazole was used as an active agent; its concentration was 12.2 and 25.7 wt% in the devices. Methods The structure was studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, drug release by dissolution measurements, while the antimicrobial efficiency was tested on five bacterial strains. Results The XRD study showed that the polymer was partially crystalline in both devices, but a part of metronidazole precipitated and was in the form of crystals among and within the fibers. Liquid penetration and dissolution were different in the two devices, they were faster in disks and slower in fiber mats, due to the morphology of the device and the action of capillary forces. Disks released the drug much faster than fiber mats. Although the release study indicated fast drug dissolution, the concentration achieved a plateau value in 24 hrs for the disks; the inhibition effect lasted much longer, 13 days for bacteria sensitive to metronidazole. The longer inhibition period could be explained by the slower diffusion of metronidazole located inside the fibers of the device. Conclusion The results suggest that the devices may be effective in the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Budai-Szűcs
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Léber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lu Cui
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
| | - Muriel Józó
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
| | - Péter Vályi
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kirschweng
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Csányi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Pukánszky
- Laboratory of Plastics and Rubber Technology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest H-1521, Hungary.,Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1519, Hungary
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74
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He J, Da L, Pan Y, Tan X, Li Z, Luo F, Xie W, Gu D. Association between quantitative analyses of periodontal pathogens and the depth of periodontal pockets. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1764387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan He
- Central Laboratory of Health Quarantine, Shenzhen International Travel Health Care Center and Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen Customs, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lyu Da
- Dentistry Section, Department of Stomatology, U-Dental Clinic, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yining Pan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xuanping Tan
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zhitian Li
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Feiyue Luo
- R & D Team, Technology Department, Shenzhen Gene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd. & QuzhouGene-one Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Weidong Xie
- Department of Life Science & Health, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Dayong Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen, PR China
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75
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Clinical, microbiological and immunological outcomes with photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to full-mouth scaling in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101585. [PMID: 31689513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the adjunctive role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the improvement of clinical, microbiological and immunological parameters among adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT) during the period of 6 weeks. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty adolescent patients undergoing FOT were divided into following two groups; Group-A: PDT as an adjunct to full-mouth scaling (FMS) and, Group-B: FMS alone. Full-mouth plaque scores (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were estimated using full-mouth six point periodontal charting. Plaque samples were collected for percentage bacterial counts of P. intermedia and P. gingivalis. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sampling technique was employed for estimation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All measurements were performed at baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks. RESULTS The mean age of patients in Group-A and Group-B was 15.4 years and 14.2 years, respectively. The mean duration for fixed orthodontic therapy in patients for Group A and B were 1.25 and 1.3 years, respectively. At 3 weeks follow up, both groups showed significant reduction in PS and BOP (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in BOP and PI at 6 weeks (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in IL-6 at 3 weeks and TNF-α at 6 weeks between both groups (p < 0.05). The percentage levels for both Pi and Pg significantly reduced at 3 weeks follow up in both the groups, however, these levels were again raised at 6 weeks follow up. There was a statistically significant difference between Group-A and Group-B (p < 0.05) at 3 weeks and 6 weeks follow up. CONCLUSIONS Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to FMS helps to improve clinical gingival parameters, microbial and inflammatory load. PDT showed additional benefits in reducing bleeding scores in adolescent patients undergoing FOT.
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76
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Oh C, Kim HJ, Kim HM. Vitamin D maintains E-cadherin intercellular junctions by downregulating MMP-9 production in human gingival keratinocytes treated by TNF-α. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2019; 49:270-286. [PMID: 31681485 PMCID: PMC6819697 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2019.49.5.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite the well-known anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D in periodontal health, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the effect of vitamin D on strengthening E-cadherin junctions (ECJs) was explored in human gingival keratinocytes (HGKs). ECJs are the major type of intercellular junction within the junctional epithelium, where loose intercellular junctions develop and microbial invasion primarily occurs. Methods HOK-16B cells, an immortalized normal human gingival cell line, were used for the study. To mimic the inflammatory environment, cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the culture medium were assessed by an MMP antibody microarray and gelatin zymography. The expression of various molecules was investigated using western blotting. The extent of ECJ development was evaluated by comparing the average relative extent of the ECJs around the periphery of each cell after immunocytochemical E-cadherin staining. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression was examined via immunohistochemical analysis. Results TNF-α downregulated the development of the ECJs of the HGKs. Dissociation of the ECJs by TNF-α was accompanied by the upregulation of MMP-9 production and suppressed by a specific MMP-9 inhibitor, Bay 11-7082. Exogenous MMP-9 decreased the development of ECJs. Vitamin D reduced the production of MMP-9 and attenuated the breakdown of ECJs in the HGKs treated with TNF-α. In addition, vitamin D downregulated TNF-α-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the HGKs. VDR was expressed in the gingival epithelium, including the junctional epithelium. Conclusions These results suggest that vitamin D may avert TNF-α-induced downregulation of the development of ECJs in HGKs by decreasing the production of MMP-9, which was upregulated by TNF-α. Vitamin D may reinforce ECJs by downregulating NF-κB signaling, which is upregulated by TNF-α. Strengthening the epithelial barrier may be a way for vitamin D to protect the periodontium from bacterial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changseok Oh
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Man Kim
- Laboratory for the Study of Molecular Biointerfaces, Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, Program of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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77
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Steinfort S, Obach-Schröck C, Röcken M, Theiss F, Failing K, Vogelsberg J, Staszyk C. The Equine Gingiva: A Gross Anatomical Evaluation. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:322. [PMID: 31637247 PMCID: PMC6787712 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine periodontal disease (ePD) usually starts with food impaction, formation of diastemata, gingival inflammation and formation of periodontal pockets. This process proceeds toward the dentoalveolar space, causing detachment of tooth supporting periodontal fibers. Although several therapeutical procedures have been proposed, ePD is often only diagnosed in advanced stages, requiring dental extraction. A similar dilemma has been observed in small animal medicine, but has been overcome by the introduction of reliable examination protocols for the early diagnosis of periodontal diseases (PD). These protocols are based on detailed anatomical descriptions of healthy gingiva, allowing for the determination of the pathognomonic signs of the onset of PD and providing a basis for grading systems and treatment plans. Consequently, proposals have also been made for periodontal examination protocols in horses. However, these protocols were widely adopted from small animal medicine assuming a similar anatomy of the equine and canine gingiva. To provide a solid anatomical basis for equine specific periodontal examinations, 20 equine heads were examined macroscopically, with special attention to the gingival sulcus, the gingival margin and the interdental papillae. Constant morphological patterns of the gingival margin and the interdental papillae were found for the vestibular and lingual/palatal aspects of the upper and lower cheek teeth arcades, as well as for the incisor arcades. A gingival sulcus measuring greater than 1 mm was present in only 6% of the investigated specimens. The inspection of the gingival margin and the interdental papillae, as well as the recognition of a gingival sulcus, may serve as criteria to establish equine specific periodontal investigation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Steinfort
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carmen Obach-Schröck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Röcken
- Clinic of Equine Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Felix Theiss
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Failing
- Unit for Biomathematics and Data Processing, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogelsberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Staszyk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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78
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Botelho J, Machado V, Mascarenhas P, Alves R, Cavacas MA, Mendes JJ. Fine-tuning multilevel modeling of risk factors associated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment outcome. Braz Oral Res 2019; 33:e081. [PMID: 31460607 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2019.vol33.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated the influence of known risk factors on nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) response using a pocket depth fine-tuning multilevel linear model (MLM). Overall, 37 patients (24 males and 13 females) with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis underwent NSPT. Follow-up visits at 3, 6, and 12 months included measurements of several clinical periodontal parameters. Data were sourced from a previously reported database. In a total of 1416 initially affected sites (baseline PD ≥ 4 mm) on 536 teeth, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) reductions after NSPT were evaluated against known risk factors at 3 hierarchical levels (patient, tooth, and site). For each post-treatment follow-up, the variance component models fitted to evaluate the 3-level variance of PD and CAL decrease revealed that all levels contributed significantly to the overall variance (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent NSPT and were continually monitored had curative results. All 3 hierarchical levels included risk factors influencing the degree of PD and CAL reduction. Specifically, the type of tooth, surfaces involved, and tooth mobility site-level risk factors had the strongest impact on these reductions and were highly relevant for the success of NSPT.
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79
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Batool F, Agossa K, Lizambard M, Petit C, Bugueno IM, Delcourt-Debruyne E, Benkirane-Jessel N, Tenenbaum H, Siepmann J, Siepmann F, Huck O. In-situ forming implants loaded with chlorhexidine and ibuprofen for periodontal treatment: Proof of concept study in vivo. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118564. [PMID: 31352049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Control of infection and inflammation is crucial for the success of periodontal treatment. In this study, in-situ forming implants (ISFI) loaded with chlorhexidine dihydrochloride (CHX) and ibuprofen (IBU) were developed and tested to optimize periodontal treatment outcomes. Release profiles were promising. Exposure to 1.5% and 5.3% CHX-IBU loaded ISFI's release media decreased significantly the P. gingivalis growth up to 20-fold and 35-fold, respectively, after 48 h (p < 0.05). The metabolic activity assay of gingival epithelial cells (EC) demonstrated 1.5% CHX-IBU-loaded ISFI to be non-toxic, therefore, it was selected for further experimentation. Furthermore, significant down-regulation of TNF-α release (34% at 6 h and 43% at 24 h, p < 0.05) in P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) stimulated EC exposed to 1.5% CHX-IBU ISFI release medium was demonstrated by ELISA. In vivo, 1.5% CHX-IBU ISFI was injected into the periodontal pocket in an experimental periodontitis mouse model and the reduction in inflammation and improvement in periodontal wound healing was evaluated through inflammatory cell scoring and histomorphometry at 7- and 15-days post-treatment. The results indicate that CHX-IBU loaded ISFI could be efficient as adjuvant to periodontal therapy for the control of infection and inflammation. Moreover, other (e.g., pro-regenerative) drugs could be incorporated into ISFI to further improve periodontal treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Batool
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kevimy Agossa
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Lizambard
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Petit
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Delcourt-Debruyne
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri Tenenbaum
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Juergen Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems and Biomaterials, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 8 rue Sainte-Elisabeth, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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80
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Moreno Rodríguez JA, Ortiz Ruiz AJ, Caffesse RG. Supra‐alveolar attachment gain in the treatment of combined intra‐suprabony periodontal defects by non‐incised papillae surgical approach. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:927-936. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raúl G. Caffesse
- Postgraduate Periodontics Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain
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81
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Fouillen A, Grenier D, Barbeau J, Baron C, Moffatt P, Nanci A. Selective bacterial degradation of the extracellular matrix attaching the gingiva to the tooth. Eur J Oral Sci 2019; 127:313-322. [PMID: 31230388 PMCID: PMC6771947 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The junctional epithelium (JE) is a specialized portion of the gingiva that seals off the tooth‐supporting tissues from the oral environment. This relationship is achieved via a unique adhesive extracellular matrix that is, in fact, a specialized basal lamina (sBL). Three unique proteins – amelotin (AMTN), odontogenic ameloblast‐associated (ODAM), and secretory calcium‐binding phosphoprotein proline‐glutamine rich 1 (SCPPPQ1) – together with laminin‐332 structure the supramolecular organization of this sBL and determine its adhesive capacity. Despite the constant challenge of the JE by the oral microbiome, little is known of the susceptibility of the sBL to bacterial degradation. Assays with trypsin‐like proteases, as well as incubation with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Treponema denticola, revealed that all constituents, except SCPPPQ1, were rapidly degraded. Porphyromonas gingivalis was also shown to alter the supramolecular network of reconstituted and native sBLs. These results provide evidence that proteolytic enzymes and selected gram‐negative periodontopathogenic bacteria can attack this adhesive extracellular matrix, intimating that its degradation could contribute to progression of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Fouillen
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Oral Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Barbeau
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Antonio Nanci
- Laboratory for the Study of Calcified Tissues and Biomaterials, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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82
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Wen Y, Yang H, Wu J, Wang A, Chen X, Hu S, Zhang Y, Bai D, Jin Z. COL4A2 in the tissue-specific extracellular matrix plays important role on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4265-4286. [PMID: 31285761 PMCID: PMC6599665 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) can repair alveolar bone defects in periodontitis in a microenvironment context-dependent manner. This study aimed to determine whether different extracellular matrices (ECMs) exert diverse effects on osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and accurately control alveolar bone defect repair. Methods: The characteristics of PDLSCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with respect to surface markers and multi-differentiation ability were determined. Then, we prepared periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs)-derived and bone marrow cells (BMCs)-derived ECMs (P-ECM and B-ECM) and the related decellularized ECMs (dECMs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and protein mass spectrometry were used to distinguish the ECMs. The expression of Type IV collagen A2 (COL4A2) in the ECMs was inhibited by siRNA or activated by lentiviral transduction of relevant cells. The stemness, proliferation, and differentiation of PDLSCs were determined in vitro in different dECMs. For the in vivo analysis, different dECMs under the regulation of COL4A2 mixed with PDLSCs and Bio-Oss bone powder were subcutaneously implanted into immunocompromised mice or in defects in rat alveolar bone. The repair effects were identified by histological or immunohistochemical staining and micro-CT. Results: B-dECM exhibited more compact fibers than P-dECM, as revealed by TEM, SEM, and AFM. Protein mass spectrometry showed that COL4A2 was significantly increased in B-dECM compared with P-dECM. PDLSCs displayed stronger proliferation, stemness, and osteogenic differentiation ability when cultured on B-dECM than P-dECM. Interestingly, B-dECM enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs to a greater extent than P-dECM both in vitro and in vivo, whereas downregulation of COL4A2 in B-dECM showed the opposite results. Furthermore, the classical Wnt/β-catenin pathway was found to play an important role in the negative regulation of osteogenesis through COL4A2, confirmed by experiments with the Wnt inhibitor DKK-1 and the Wnt activator Wnt3a. Conclusion: These findings indicate that COL4A2 in the ECM promotes osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through negative regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which can be used as a potential therapeutic strategy to repair bone defects.
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83
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Jiang M, Li Z, Zhu G. The role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Oral Dis 2019; 26:259-269. [PMID: 30674085 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhuoneng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuhan Wuhan China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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84
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Reinhardt B, Klocke A, Neering SH, Selbach S, Peters U, Flemmig TF, Beikler T. Microbiological dynamics of red complex bacteria following full-mouth air polishing in periodontally healthy subjects-a randomized clinical pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3905-3914. [PMID: 30729346 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suppression of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity of periodontally healthy individuals may lower the risk for periodontal or periimplant diseases. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effect of supragingival debridement (SD) with adjunctive full mouth glycine powder air polishing (FM-GPAP) on the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in periodontally healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-seven systemically and periodontally healthy intraoral carriers of red complex bacteria, i.e., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola or other periodontal pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Eikenella corrodens were enrolled into the study and randomly assigned to receive SD with adjunctive FM-GPAP (test, n = 42) or SD alone (control, n = 45). In the first observation period, microbiological samples were obtained prior to, and 2, 5, and 9 days following intervention. If one of these periodontal pathogens could still not be identified, additional microbial sampling was performed after 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS The prevalence of red complex bacteria was significantly reduced in the test compared to the control group following treatment (p = 0.004) and at day 9 (p = 0.031). Intragroup comparison showed a significant (test, p < 0.001; control, p ≤ 0.01) reduction in the mean prevalence in both groups from BL through day 9 with an additional significant intergroup difference (p = 0.048) at day 9. However, the initial strong reduction returned to baseline values after 6 and 12 weeks. CONCLUSION In periodontally healthy carriers of periodontal pathogens, FM-GPAP as an adjunct to SD transiently enhances the suppression of red complex bacteria. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Whether the enhanced suppression of red complex bacteria by adjunctive FM-GPAP prevents the development of periodontitis in periodontally healthy carriers requires further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ulrike Peters
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Beikler
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, University Medical Center of Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Navarro-Hortal MD, Varela-López A, Romero-Márquez JM, Piquer-Martinez C, Bullón P, Forbes-Hernández TY, Quiles JL. Twenty-four Months Feeding on Unsaturated Dietary Fats (Virgin Olive, Sunflower, or Fish Oil) Differentially Modulate Gingival Mitochondria in the Rat. EFOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.190802.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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86
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OSUNA LGG, OLIVEIRA GJPLD, TEIXEIRA LHDS, MARQUEZ CO, IRIE MS, SOARES PBF. The effect of a 3% hydroxyapatite paste prophylaxis after different root-scaling procedures in periodontics. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.04019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Root-scaling procedures on the root surface show to increase root surface roughness during instrumentation. The use of a prophylactic paste reduces the roughness. Objetive This study evaluated the influence of prophylaxis paste on the surface roughness of root dentin after hand instruments (HI), ultrasonic scalers (US) and rotational instruments (RI) were applied to root surfaces. Material and method Fifty bovine roots were prepared and randomly divided into 10 groups (n=5) in which instrumentation with HI, US, or RI was carried out with or without prophylaxis using either conventional or 3% hydroxyapatite paste; additionally, a control group without treatment was included. The Ra and Rz roughness values were measured using a perfilometer. The morphological aspects of the root surfaces were analysed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Result The scaling method and the prophylaxis procedure significantly influenced (p < 0.05) root surface roughness. Treatment with US and prophylaxis with 3% hydroxyapatite paste resulted in lower values of Ra (0.14 μm ± 0.02 μm) and Rz (0.89 μm ± 0.18 μm) compared to the other groups. SEM analysis showed smoother and more homogeneous surfaces in the groups with prophylaxis compared to the groups without prophylaxis. There were no substantial differences between the results of applying different pastes. Conclusion The prophylaxis procedure performed with the experimental paste containing 3% hydroxyapatite reduced the roughness of root surfaces treated with HI, US and RI at the same level as the conventional prophylactic paste.
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87
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Tang Y, Liu J, Yan Y, Fang H, Guo C, Xie R, Liu Q. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 promotes neutrophil apoptosis in periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients via the p38/MAPK pathway. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13903. [PMID: 30593206 PMCID: PMC6314780 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal neutrophils are involved in many chronic endocrine diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and in periodontitis (PD), which is a chronic inflammatory disease in which neutrophils play a vital role. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway participates in the apoptosis of many inflammatory cells. Additionally, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 (1,25VitD3) as a regulator can induce responses to infection and tumor cell apoptosis. However, the effect of 1,25VitD3 in the pathogenic relationship between T2DM and PD remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 1,25VitD3 on neutrophil apoptosis in patients with T2DM and PD and the p38-MAPK-relevant signaling pathway mechanism in this process in vitro. METHODS Neutrophils were stained with Wright's stain, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Apoptosis- and p38-related mRNAs and proteins were examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting and ELISA. The internal relationships were analyzed using a linear regression equation and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The highest rate of neutrophil apoptosis occurred in cultures treated with 10 mol/L 1,25VitD3 in the T2DM-PD group. The apoptosis rate in the T2DM-PD-p38 inhibitor group was higher than that in the healthy control group. Western blot, ELISA and qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA and protein expression profiles of Caspase-3 and Bax were highly up-regulated and that Bcl-2 was down-regulated in the T2DM-PD-p38 inhibitor group. The expression levels of apoptotic mRNAs and proteins in the T2DM and T2DM-PD groups were significantly higher than those in the T2DM-p38 and T2DM-PD-p38 inhibitor groups. 1,25VitD3-induced neutrophil apoptosis and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) expression were partially inhibited by the p38 inhibitor. Expression levels of apoptosis-related genes and p-p38 in neutrophils were positively associated with increasing concentrations of 1,25VitD3. p-p38 protein expression was positively associated with the level of serum 1,25VitD3. CONCLUSION 1,25VitD3 could promote peripheral blood neutrophil apoptosis in patients with T2DM and PD through activation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Tang
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University
| | - Junyu Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University
| | - Yanmei Yan
- Department of Stomatology, First People's Hospital of Yueyang, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
| | | | - Ruidi Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
| | - Qi Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Zunyi Medical University
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88
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Polak D, Shmueli A, Brenner T, Shapira L. Oral infection with P. gingivalis exacerbates autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1461-1466. [PMID: 30030849 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral infection of mice with P. gingivalis induces periodontal inflammation and attachment loss. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether infection of mice with P. gingivalis, exacerbates the clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS Induction of EAE was carried out by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with myelin oligodentrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55 ). P. gingivalis infection was induced via subcutaneous chambers model and the oral gavage. The severity of EAE was measured using a clinical severity score. Ex-vivo reactivation of lymphocytes with the encephalitogenic peptide MOG35-55 was also tested. RESULTS Subcutaneous as well as oral infection with live P. gingivalis led to significant aggravation of the severity of EAE. Lymph node cells harvested from mice with EAE following P. gingivalis infection showed augmented lymphocyte proliferation towards the encephlatigenic MOG moiety compared to mice with EAE only. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that oral infection with P. gingivalis augmented the severity of EAE. This may stem from the systemic pro-inflammatory response triggered by P. gingivalis infection or via antigen mimicking. The present study provides evidence that periodontal infection may play a role as modifier in CNS inflammatory disorders, such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Polak
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviv Shmueli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talma Brenner
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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89
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Batool F, Morand DN, Thomas L, Bugueno IM, Aragon J, Irusta S, Keller L, Benkirane-Jessel N, Tenenbaum H, Huck O. Synthesis of a Novel Electrospun Polycaprolactone Scaffold Functionalized with Ibuprofen for Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro andIn Vivo Study. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040580. [PMID: 29642582 PMCID: PMC5951464 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBU) has been shown to improve periodontal treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop a new anti-inflammatory scaffold by functionalizing an electrospun nanofibrous poly-ε-caprolactone membrane with IBU (IBU-PCL) and to evaluate its impact on periodontal inflammation, wound healing and regeneration in vitro and in vivo. IBU-PCL was synthesized through electrospinning. The effects of IBU-PCL on the proliferation and migration of epithelial cells (EC) and fibroblasts (FB) exposed to Porphyromonas gingivlais lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) were evaluated through the AlamarBlue test and scratch assay, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and remodeling properties were investigated through Real time qPCR. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of the IBU-PCL membrane was assessed in an experimental periodontitis mouse model through histomorphometric analysis. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of IBU on gingival cells were effectively amplified using the functionalized membrane. IBU-PCL reduced the proliferation and migration of cells challenged by Pg-LPS, as well as the expression of fibronectin-1, collagen-IV, integrin α3β1 and laminin-5. In vivo, the membranes significantly improved the clinical attachment and IBU-PCL also reduced inflammation-induced bone destruction. These data showed that the IBU-PCL membrane could efficiently and differentially control inflammatory and migratory gingival cell responses and potentially promote periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Batool
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - David-Nicolas Morand
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Lionel Thomas
- Institute Pluridisciplinaire Hubert CURIEN (IPHC), Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Javier Aragon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laetitia Keller
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Nadia Benkirane-Jessel
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Henri Tenenbaum
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1260, Regenerative Nanomedicine (RNM), FMTS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Chirurgie-dentaire, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Pôle de médecine et chirurgie bucco-dentaire, Department of Periodontology, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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Abstract
Periodontal disease is synonymous with the presence of periodontal pockets, and very often the clinical success of periodontal therapy is based on periodontal pocket depth reduction. Therefore, in the fields of periodontology and implant dentistry, significant research effort has been placed on the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal/peri-implant disease and as a consequence on pocket pathology. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, the in-depth reviews include topics ranging from preclinical models, anatomy and structure of tissues, and molecular and bacterial components, to treatments of pockets around teeth and implants. These reviews aim to provide the readers with current and future perspectives on the different areas of research into the periodontal pocket.
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