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Khan B, Kafian-Attari I, Nippolainen E, Shaikh R, Semenov D, Hauta-Kasari M, Töyräs J, Afara IO. Articular cartilage optical properties in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range vary with depth and tissue integrity. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6066-6080. [PMID: 34745722 PMCID: PMC8548021 DOI: 10.1364/boe.430053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of biological tissues in the NIR spectral range have demonstrated significant potential for in vivo diagnostic applications and are critical parameters for modelling light interaction in biological tissues. This study aims to investigate the optical properties of articular cartilage as a function of tissue depth and integrity. The results suggest consistent wavelength-dependent variation in optical properties between cartilage depth-wise zones, as well as between healthy and degenerated tissue. Also, statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in both optical properties were observed between the different cartilage depth-wise zones and as a result of tissue degeneration. When taken into account, the outcome of this study could enable accurate modelling of light interaction in cartilage matrix and could provide useful diagnostic information on cartilage integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilour Khan
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland, 70120, Finland
| | - Iman Kafian-Attari
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland, 70120, Finland
| | - Ervin Nippolainen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland, 70120, Finland
| | - Rubina Shaikh
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland, 70120, Finland
| | - Dmitry Semenov
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Computing, Lämsikatu 15, Joensuu, Finland, 80110, Finland
| | - Markku Hauta-Kasari
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Computing, Lämsikatu 15, Joensuu, Finland, 80110, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland, 70120, Finland
- The University of Queensland, School of Information Technology, and Electrical Engineering, St. Lucia, Australia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Isaac O. Afara
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, Yliopistonranta 1, Kuopio, Finland, 70120, Finland
- The University of Queensland, School of Information Technology, and Electrical Engineering, St. Lucia, Australia, QLD 4072, Australia
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52
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Park KH, Kwon J, Jeong U, Kim JY, Kotov NA, Yeom J. Broad Chiroptical Activity from Ultraviolet to Short-Wave Infrared by Chirality Transfer from Molecular to Micrometer Scale. ACS NANO 2021; 15:15229-15237. [PMID: 34519483 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral nanomaterials provide a rich platform for versatile applications. Tuning the wavelength of polarization rotation maxima in the broad range including short-wave infrared (SWIR) is a promising candidate for infrared neural stimulation, imaging, and nanothermometry. However, the majority of previously developed chiral nanomaterials reveal the optical activity in a relatively shorter wavelength range (ultraviolet-visible, UV-vis), not in SWIR. Here, we demonstrate a versatile method to synthesize chiral copper sulfides using cysteine, as the stabilizer, and transferring the chirality from molecular- to the microscale through self-assembly. The assembled structures show broad chiroptical activity in the UV-vis-NIR-SWIR region (200-2500 nm). Importantly, we can tune the chiroptical activity by simply changing the reaction conditions. This approach can be extended to materials platforms for developing next-generation optical devices, metamaterials, telecommunications, and asymmetric catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Uichang Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jihyeon Yeom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Health Science and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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53
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Odion RA, Liu Y, Vo-Dinh T. Plasmonic Gold Nanostar-Mediated Photothermal Immunotherapy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2021; 27:4800109. [PMID: 34054285 PMCID: PMC8159156 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2021.3061462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading cause of death around the world, causing close to 10 million deaths each year. Significant efforts have been devoted to developing novel technologies that can detect and treat cancer early and effectively to reduce cancer recurrences, treatment costs, and mortality. Gold nanoparticles (GNP) have been given particular attention for its use with photo-induced hyperthermia coupled with novel immunotherapy methods to provide a new platform for highly selective and less invasive cancer treatment. Among the various GNP platforms, gold nanostars (GNS) have a unique star-shaped geometric structure that allows superior light absorption and photothermal heating. This photothermal effect have also been found to amplify the anti-tumor immune response and can be exploited with adjuvant treatments using immune checkpoint inhibitors. This combination treatment known as Synergistic Immuno Photo Nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) has been shown to reverse tumor-mediated immunosuppression and has led to effective and long-lasting immunity against not only primary tumors but also cancer metastasis. This overview highlights the development and applications of GNS-mediated therapy developed in our laboratory for cancer treatment. This paper also presents recent results of experimental studies to illustrate the superior performance of GNS for photothermal treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren A Odion
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Chemistry Department and the Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA.; Fitzpatrick Institute for Photonics at Duke University
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54
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Herman J, Harmata P, Czerwiński M, Strzeżysz O, Pytlarczyk M, Zając M, Kula P. Synthesis, Mesomorphism and the Optical Properties of Alkyl-deuterated Nematogenic 4-[(2,6-Difluorophenyl)ethynyl]biphenyls. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164653. [PMID: 34443176 PMCID: PMC8399011 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new deuterated liquid crystal (LC) compounds based on phenyl tolane core is described in this paper. The work presents an alternative molecular approach to the conventional LC design. Correlations between molecular structure and mesomorphic and optical properties for compounds which are alkyl-hydrogen terminated and alkyl-deuterium, have been drawn. The compounds are characterized by mass spectrometry (electron ionization) analysis and infrared spectroscopy. They show enantiotropic nematic behavior in a broad temperature range, confirmed by a polarizing thermomicroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Detailed synthetic procedures are attached. Synthesized compounds show a significantly reduced absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) and medium-wavelength infrared (MWIR) radiation range, and stand as promising components of medium to highly birefringent liquid crystalline mixtures.
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55
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Chen J, Sedgwick AC, Sen S, Ren Y, Sun Q, Chau C, Arambula JF, Sarma T, Song L, Sessler JL, Liu C. Expanded porphyrins: functional photoacoustic imaging agents that operate in the NIR-II region. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9916-9921. [PMID: 34377389 PMCID: PMC8317656 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) relies on the use of contrast agents with high molar absorptivity in the NIR-I/NIR-II region. Expanded porphyrins, synthetic analogues of natural tetrapyrrolic pigments (e.g. heme and chlorophyll), constitute as potentially attractive platforms due to their NIR-II absorptivity and their ability to respond to stimuli. Here, we evaluate two expanded porphyrins, naphthorosarin (1) and octaphyrin (4), as stimuli responsive PA contrast agents for functional PAI. Both undergo proton-coupled electron transfer to produce species that absorb well in the NIR-II region. Octaphyrin (4) was successfully encapsulated into 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG2000) nanoparticles to afford OctaNPs. In combination with PAI, OctaNPs allowed changes in the acidic environment of the stomach to be visualized and cancerous versus healthy tissues to be discriminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqin Chen
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Adam C. Sedgwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin105 East 24th Street A5300AustinTexas 78712-1224USA
| | - Sajal Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Yaguang Ren
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qinchao Sun
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Calvin Chau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Jonathan F. Arambula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin105 East 24th Street A5300AustinTexas 78712-1224USA
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street A5300 Austin Texas 78712-1224 USA
| | - Liang Song
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin105 East 24th Street A5300AustinTexas 78712-1224USA
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China
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56
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Swamy MMM, Murai Y, Monde K, Tsuboi S, Jin T. Shortwave-Infrared Fluorescent Molecular Imaging Probes Based on π-Conjugation Extended Indocyanine Green. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1541-1547. [PMID: 34309379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, shortwave-infrared (SWIR) fluorescence imaging for the optical diagnostics of diseases has attracted much attention as a new noninvasive imaging modality. For this application, the development of SWIR molecular imaging probes with high biocompatibility is crucial. Although many types of biocompatible SWIR fluorescent probes based on organic dyes have been reported, there are no SWIR-emitting molecular imaging probes that can be used for the detection of specific biomolecules in vivo. To apply SWIR-emitting molecular imaging probes to biomedical fields, we developed a biocompatible SWIR fluorescent dye based on π-conjugation extended indocyanine green (ICG), where ICG is the only approved near-infrared dye by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the clinic. Using the π-conjugation extended ICG, we prepared SWIR molecular imaging probes that can be used for in vivo tumor imaging. Herein, we demonstrate noninvasive SWIR fluorescence imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive breast tumors using π-conjugation extended ICG and monoclonal antibody conjugates. The presented π-conjugation extended ICG analog probes will be a breakthrough to apply SWIR fluorescence imaging in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeva M M Swamy
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0864, Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0864, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0864, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
| | - Setsuko Tsuboi
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0864, Japan
| | - Takashi Jin
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Furuedai 6-2-3, Suita, Osaka 565-0864, Japan
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57
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Zavareh AT, Ko B, Roberts J, Elahi S, McShane MJ. A Versatile Multichannel Instrument for Measurement of Ratiometric Fluorescence Intensity and Phosphorescence Lifetime. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2021; 9:103835-103849. [PMID: 34858770 PMCID: PMC8635115 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3098777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical biosensing is being actively investigated for minimally-invasive monitoring of key biomarkers both in vitro and in vivo. However, typical benchtop instruments are not portable and are not well suited to high-throughput, real-time analysis. This paper presents a versatile multichannel instrument for measurement of emission intensity and lifetime values arising from luminescent biosensor materials. A detailed design description of the opto-electronic hardware as well as the control software is provided, elaborating a flexible, user-configurable system that may be customized or duplicated for a wide range of applications. This article presents experimental measurements that prove the in vitro and in vivo functionality of the system. Such tools may be adopted for many research and development purposes, including evaluation of new biosensor materials, and may also serve as prototypes for future miniaturized handheld or wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tofighi Zavareh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Brian Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jason Roberts
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sakib Elahi
- Becton Dickinson, Vernon Hills, IL 60061, USA
| | - Michael J McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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58
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Tian M, He X, Jin C, He X, Wu S, Zhou R, Zhang X, Zhang K, Gu W, Wang J, Zhang H. Transpathology: molecular imaging-based pathology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2338-2350. [PMID: 33585964 PMCID: PMC8241651 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathology is the medical specialty concerned with the study of the disease nature and causes, playing a key role in bridging basic researches and clinical medicine. In the course of development, pathology has significantly expanded our understanding of disease, and exerted enormous impact on the management of patients. However, challenges facing pathology, the inherent invasiveness of pathological practice and the persistent concerns on the sample representativeness, constitute its limitations. Molecular imaging is a noninvasive technique to visualize, characterize, and measure biological processes at the molecular level in living subjects. With the continuous development of equipment and probes, molecular imaging has enabled an increasingly precise evaluation of pathophysiological changes. A new pathophysiology visualization system based on molecular imaging is forming and shows the great potential to reform the pathological practice. Several improvements in "trans-," including trans-scale, transparency, and translation, would be driven by this new kind of pathological practice. Pathological changes could be evaluated in a trans-scale imaging mode; tissues could be transparentized to better present the underlying pathophysiological information; and the translational processes of basic research to the clinical practice would be better facilitated. Thus, transpathology would greatly facilitate in deciphering the pathophysiological events in a multiscale perspective, and supporting the precision medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xuexin He
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Laboratory for Pathophysiological and Health Science, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Weizhong Gu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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59
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Balakrishnan PB, Sweeney EE, Ramanujam AS, Fernandes R. Photothermal therapies to improve immune checkpoint blockade for cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:34-49. [PMID: 33426992 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1797190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) comprising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against immune 'checkpoints', such as CTLA-4 and the PD1/PDL1 axis have dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. However, ICB by itself has failed to provide benefit in a wide range of solid tumors, where recurrence still occurs with high incidence. These poor response rates may be due to the therapeutic shortcomings of ICB; namely, a lack of cancer-specific cytotoxicity and ability to debulk tumors. To overcome these limitations, effective ICB therapy may require the combination with other complementary therapeutic platforms. Here, we propose that photothermal therapy (PTT) is an ideal therapeutic modality for combination with ICB because it can generate both tumor-specific cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. PTT elicits these specific effects because it is a localized thermal ablation technique that utilizes light-responsive nanoparticles activated by a wavelength-matched laser. While ICB immunotherapy alone improves cancer immunogenicity but does not generate robust antitumor cytotoxicity, nanoparticle-based PTT elicits targeted and controlled cytotoxicity but sub-optimal long-term immunogenicity. Thus, the two platforms offer complementary and potentially synergistic antitumor effects, which will be detailed in this review. We highlight three classes of nanoparticles used as agents of PTT (i.e., metallic inorganic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanoparticles and organic dyes), and illustrate the potential for nanoparticle-based PTT to potentiate the effects of ICB in preclinical models. Through this discussion, we aim to present PTT combined with ICB as a potent synergistic combination treatment for diverse cancer types currently refractory to ICB as well as PTT monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi B Balakrishnan
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Sweeney
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anvitha S Ramanujam
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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60
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van de Velde D, van der Graaf JL, Boussaidi M, Huisman R, Hesselink DA, Russcher H, Kooij-Egas AC, van Maarseveen E, de Winter BCM. Development and Validation of Hematocrit Level Measurement in Dried Blood Spots Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:351-357. [PMID: 33149057 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spots (DBSs) have gained recent popularity as a sampling method for therapeutic drug monitoring. For patients, DBS sampling has several advantages over venous blood sampling. However, technical issues primarily influenced by hematocrit levels, interfere with the implementation of this method in daily clinical practice. The results of concentration measurements of drugs that are influenced by hematocrit should be corrected for hematocrit levels. In this article, we developed a fast, nondestructive, near-infrared (NIR)-based method for measuring the hematocrit in DBSs. METHOD Using a partial least squares algorithm, an NIR-based quantification method was developed for measuring hematocrit levels of 0.19-0.49 L/L. Residual venous blood of 522 patients was used to build this partial least squares model. The validity of the method was evaluated using 40 patient samples. DBSs were created by adding a small amount (50 µL) of blood on a Whatman filter paper and drying for 24 hours in a desiccator cabinet. The robustness was evaluated by measuring 24 additional samples with a high hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia (HIL) index. The hematocrit values obtained using a Sysmex XN hemocytometry analyzer were used as reference. RESULTS The difference between hematocrit measurements obtained with NIR spectroscopy and a hemocytometry analyzer was <15% for the 40 samples. The accuracy (≤9%) and precision (≤7%) for all the quality control samples were within the acceptance criteria of <15%. The intraassay and interassay coefficient of variability was ≤3% and ≤6%, respectively, for the different quality control levels. There were no deviations in the measurements for the samples with high HIL indices. The stability of hematocrit in DBS was up to 14 days for all levels. CONCLUSIONS We developed and validated a hematocrit model using NIR spectroscopy. This nondestructive, accurate, and reproducible method has a short analysis time (51 seconds), and can be used to analyze DBS samples stored for up to 2 weeks in a desiccator cabinet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC
| | - Henk Russcher
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands ; and
| | - Annelies C Kooij-Egas
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik van Maarseveen
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Nexha A, Carvajal JJ, Pujol MC, Díaz F, Aguiló M. Lanthanide doped luminescence nanothermometers in the biological windows: strategies and applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7913-7987. [PMID: 33899861 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09150b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of lanthanide-doped non-contact luminescent nanothermometers with accuracy, efficiency and fast diagnostic tools attributed to their versatility, stability and narrow emission band profiles has spurred the replacement of conventional contact thermal probes. The application of lanthanide-doped materials as temperature nanosensors, excited by ultraviolet, visible or near infrared light, and the generation of emissions lying in the biological window regions, I-BW (650 nm-950 nm), II-BW (1000 nm-1350 nm), III-BW (1400 nm-2000 nm) and IV-BW (centered at 2200 nm), are notably growing due to the advantages they present, including reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching, better image contrast and deeper penetration depths into biological tissues. Here, the different mechanisms used in lanthanide ion-doped nanomaterials to sense temperature in these biological windows for biomedical and other applications are summarized, focusing on factors that affect their thermal sensitivity, and consequently their temperature resolution. Comparing the thermometric performance of these nanomaterials in each biological window, we identified the strategies that allow boosting of their sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albenc Nexha
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Física i Cristal·lografia de Materials i Nanomaterials (FiCMA-FiCNA)-EMaS, Campus Sescelades, E-43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Phan Van TN, Tran TN, Inujima H, Shimizu K. Three-dimensional imaging through turbid media using deep learning: NIR transillumination imaging of animal bodies. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2873-2887. [PMID: 34123508 PMCID: PMC8176797 DOI: 10.1364/boe.420337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using near-infrared (NIR) light with 700-1200 nm wavelength, transillumination images of small animals and thin parts of a human body such as a hand or foot can be obtained. They are two-dimensional (2D) images of internal absorbing structures in a turbid medium. A three-dimensional (3D) see-through image is obtainable if one can identify the depth of each part of the structure in the 2D image. Nevertheless, the obtained transillumination images are blurred severely because of the strong scattering in the turbid medium. Moreover, ascertaining the structure depth from a 2D transillumination image is difficult. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed a new technique using deep learning principles. A fully convolutional network (FCN) was trained with 5,000 training pairs of clear and blurred images. Also, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained with 42,000 training pairs of blurred images and corresponding depths in a turbid medium. Numerous training images were provided by the convolution with a point spread function derived from diffusion approximation to the radiative transport equation. The validity of the proposed technique was confirmed through simulation. Experiments demonstrated its applicability. This technique can provide a new tool for the NIR imaging of animal bodies and biometric authentication of a human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- To Ni Phan Van
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, 2-7 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Pref., 808-135, Japan
| | - Trung Nghia Tran
- Faculty of Applied Science, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - VNUHCM, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet St., Dist. 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hiroshi Inujima
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, 2-7 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Pref., 808-135, Japan
| | - Koichi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, 2-7 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Pref., 808-135, Japan
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Ponce Ayala ET, Alves Dias de Sousa F, Vollet-Filho JD, Rodrigues Garcia M, de Boni L, Salvador Bagnato V, Pratavieira S. Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy with Protoporphyrin IX: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:1032-1044. [PMID: 33446374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sono-photodynamic therapy is a promising anticancer technique based on the combination of sonodynamic and photodynamic therapy to improve the cancer treatment effectiveness. This study was aimed at analyzing the effects of the sono-photodynamic (SPD) activity on protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) solution and PpIX-loaded rat liver. In vitro, PpIX 5 μM solutions were irradiated with light (635 nm, 30-50 mW/cm2), ultrasound (1 MHz, 1-2 W/cm2) and both. The PpIX absorption spectra recorded over exposure time revealed that the PpIX decay rate induced by SPD activity (combined irradiation) was approximately the sum of those induced by photodynamic and sonodynamic activity. In vivo, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5-aminolevulinic acid at the dose of 500 mg/kg weight. After 3 h of injection, the PpIX-loaded livers were irradiated with light (635 nm, 180 ± 9 J/cm2), ultrasound (1.0 MHz, 770 ± 40 J/cm2) and both using a single probe capable of illuminating and sonicating the liver simultaneously. After 30 h, the liver damage induced by each protocol was analyzed histologically. It was found that a greater necrosis depth was induced by the SPD activity. These results suggest that the SPD activity could improve the PpIX decay rate and have greater scope than photodynamic or sonodynamic activity. Further studies should be performed to gain a better understanding of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo de Boni
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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64
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Zhang X, An L, Tian Q, Lin J, Yang S. Tumor microenvironment-activated NIR-II reagents for tumor imaging and therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:4738-4747. [PMID: 32124909 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) absorption and fluorescent agents have attracted great attention because they can overcome the penetration limitation of the first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 750-1000 nm). However, these always "on" agents face the severe problem of being susceptible to retention and phagocytosis by the reticuloendothelial system after intravenous administration, which results in signal interference during diagnosis and side effects during treatment. Accordingly, tumor microenvironment-responsive smart agents (smart NIR-II agents), whose imaging and therapeutic functions can only be triggered in tumors, can overcome this limitation. Thus, NIR-II smart agents, which exhibit a combined response to the tumor microenvironment and NIR-II, make full use of the advantages of both triggers and improve the precision diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer. This review summarizes the recent advances in tumor microenvironment-activated NIR-II agents for tumor diagnosis and treatment, including smart NIR-II fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of NIR-II smart agents for tumor diagnosis and treatment are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and the Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Lu An
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and the Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Qiwei Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and the Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Jiaomin Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and the Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Shiping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, and the Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and Sensors, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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65
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Kovalenko AD, Pavlov AA, Ustinovich ID, Kalyakina AS, Goloveshkin AS, Marciniak Ł, Lepnev LS, Burlov AS, Schepers U, Bräse S, Utochnikova VV. Highly NIR-emitting ytterbium complexes containing 2-(tosylaminobenzylidene)-N-benzoylhydrazone anions: structure in solution and use for bioimaging. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3786-3791. [PMID: 33704306 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03913f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solution behaviour in DMSO using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy was performed for lanthanide complexes Ln(L)(HL) and Ln(HL)2Cl, containing non-macrocyclic 2-(tosylamino)-benzylidene-N-benzoylhydrazone (H2L), and the structure of [Yb(L)]+ cation in solution was determined. Based on the NMR data, the possibility to obtain novel complexes containing [Ln(L)2]- was predicted, which was successfully synthesized, and the crystal structure of K(C2H5OH)3[Yb(L)2] was determined. Thanks to its high quantum yield of NIR luminescence (1.3 ± 0.2%), high absorption, low toxicity, and the stability of its anion against dissociation in DMSO, K(H2O)3[Yb(L)2] was successfully used for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton D Kovalenko
- Department of Material Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Caron A, Noirbent G, Gigmes D, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Near‐Infrared PhotoInitiating Systems: Photothermal versus Triplet–Triplet Annihilation‐Based Upconversion Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100047. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Caron
- Université de Haute‐Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
| | | | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 Marseille F‐13397 France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, ICR UMR 7273 Marseille F‐13397 France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐Alsace CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 Mulhouse F‐68100 France
- Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg 67000 France
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67
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Pratavieira S, Uliana MP, Dos Santos Lopes NS, Donatoni MC, Linares DR, de Freitas Anibal F, de Oliveira KT, Kurachi C, de Souza CWO. Photodynamic therapy with a new bacteriochlorin derivative: Characterization and in vitro studies. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102251. [PMID: 33705980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy presents a therapeutic choice that can be utilized to treat diverse neoplasms. In this technique, the critical element is a photosensitive molecule that absorbs light energy and transfers it to molecular oxygen or biological molecules to form reactive oxygen species, thus inducing irreversible damage to target cells and ultimately leading to cell death. Bacteriochlorin derivatives are employed as photosensitizers (PSs), possessing light-absorbing capacity in the near-infrared region. The objective of this study was to prepare a semi-synthetic bacteriochlorin from Rhodopseudomonas faecalis and adding Trizma® to improve solubility. Cell viability tests, flow cytometry (apoptotic and necrotic cells were identified by Annexin V and propidium iodide), and confocal microscopy were used to evaluate the photoactivity of bacteriochlorin-Trizma (Bchl-T) in fibroblast (HFF-1-control cells) and breast cancer (MCF-7 cells-target cells) cells. At concentrations above 0.5 μM, Bchl-T demonstrated 80 % cell death, presenting the highest PS interaction (via fluorescence microscopy) with lysosomes, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum; the cell death type was revealed as apoptosis (via cytometry). Our findings indicated the suitability of Bchl-T for future application in photodynamic therapy against cancer cells by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião Pratavieira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marciana Pierina Uliana
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, CEP 85866-000, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nahryda Samara Dos Santos Lopes
- Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Donatoni
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Rodriguez Linares
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, CEP 85866-000, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kleber Thiago de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis Wesley Oliveira de Souza
- Pós Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Morfologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 - SP-310, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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68
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Stawska HI, Popenda MA. Refractive Index Sensors Based on Long-Period Grating in a Negative Curvature Hollow-Core Fiber. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051803. [PMID: 33807676 PMCID: PMC7961978 DOI: 10.3390/s21051803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long-period optical fiber gratings (LPGs) are one of the widely used concepts for the sensing of refractive index (RI) changes. Negative curvature hollow-core fibers (NCHCFs), with their relatively large internal diameters that are easy to fill with liquids, appear as a very interesting medium to combine with the idea of LPGs and use for RI sensing. However, to date, there has been no investigation of the RI sensing capabilities of the NCHCF-based LPGs. The results presented in the paper do not only address this matter, but also compare the RI sensitivities of the NCHCFs alone and the gratings. By modeling two revolver-type fibers, with their internal diameters reflecting the results of the possible LPG-inscription process, the authors show that the fibers' transmission windows shift in response to the RI change, resulting in changes in RI sensitivities as high as -4411 nm/RIU. On the contrary, the shift in the transmission dip of the NCHCF-based LPGs corresponds to a sensitivity of -658 nm/RIU. A general confirmation of these results was ensured by comparing the analytical formulas describing the sensitivities of the NCHCFs and the NCHCF-based LPGs.
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69
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Heimann L, Carlein C, Sorg K, Diller R, Langenbucher A, Schick B, Wenzel GI. Wavelength-specific optoacoustic-induced vibrations of the guinea pig tympanic membrane. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200335R. [PMID: 33675190 PMCID: PMC7934890 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.038001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optoacoustic-induced vibrations of the hearing organ can potentially be used for a hearing device. To increase the efficiency of such a hearing device, the conversion of the light energy into vibration energy within each type of irradiated tissue has to be optimized. AIM To analyze the wavelength-dependency of optoacoustic-induced vibrations within the tympanic membrane (TM), and to define the most efficient and best-suited optical stimulation parameters for a novel auditory prosthesis. APPROACH Single nanosecond laser pulses, continuously tunable in a range of visible to near-infrared, were used to excite the guinea pig TM. The induced vibrations of the hearing organ were recorded at the malleus using a laser Doppler vibrometer. RESULTS Our results indicate a strong wavelength-dependency of the vibration's amplitude correlating with the superposition of the absorption spectra of the different specific tissue components. CONCLUSIONS We investigated the spectrum of the vibrations of the hearing organ that were induced optoacoustically within a biological membrane embedded in air, in an animal model. First applications for these results can be envisioned for the optical stimulation of the peripheral hearing organ as well as for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Heimann
- Saarland University, Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Carlein
- University of Kaiserslautern, Department of Physics, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katharina Sorg
- Saarland University, Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Diller
- University of Kaiserslautern, Department of Physics, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Achim Langenbucher
- Saarland University, Medical Center, Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schick
- Saarland University, Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Homburg, Germany
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70
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Afara IO, Shaikh R, Nippolainen E, Querido W, Torniainen J, Sarin JK, Kandel S, Pleshko N, Töyräs J. Characterization of connective tissues using near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1297-1329. [PMID: 33462441 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical method for rapid, non-destructive and label-free assessment of biological materials. Compared to mid-infrared spectroscopy, NIR spectroscopy excels in penetration depth, allowing intact biological tissue assessment, albeit at the cost of reduced molecular specificity. Furthermore, it is relatively safe compared to Raman spectroscopy, with no risk of laser-induced photothermal damage. A typical NIR spectroscopy workflow for biological tissue characterization involves sample preparation, spectral acquisition, pre-processing and analysis. The resulting spectrum embeds intrinsic information on the tissue's biomolecular, structural and functional properties. Here we demonstrate the analytical power of NIR spectroscopy for exploratory and diagnostic applications by providing instructions for acquiring NIR spectra, maps and images in biological tissues. By adapting and extending this protocol from the demonstrated application in connective tissues to other biological tissues, we expect that a typical NIR spectroscopic study can be performed by a non-specialist user to characterize biological tissues in basic research or clinical settings. We also describe how to use this protocol for exploratory study on connective tissues, including differentiating among ligament types, non-destructively monitoring changes in matrix formation during engineered cartilage development, mapping articular cartilage proteoglycan content across bovine patella and spectral imaging across the depth-wise zones of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Depending on acquisition mode and experiment objectives, a typical exploratory study can be completed within 6 h, including sample preparation and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Afara
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Rubina Shaikh
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ervin Nippolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - William Querido
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jari Torniainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko K Sarin
- Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shital Kandel
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Diagnostic Imaging Centre, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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71
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Chang WH, Lin JH, Kuan CH, Huang SY, Lan YW, Lu TH. Generation of Concentric Space-Variant Linear Polarized Light by Dielectric Metalens. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:562-568. [PMID: 33300342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized flat and ultrathin optical components with spatial and polarization degrees of freedom are important for optical communications. Here, we use nanostructures that act as tiny phase plates on a dielectric metalens to generate a concentric polarization beam with different orientations along the radial direction. The important discoveries are that (1) the circularly polarized light can be converted into linearly polarized states with a different orientation at near field and that (2) this orientation is strongly correlated to the rotation of the nanostructures on the metalens. Stokes parameters are utilized to investigate the comprehensive polarization states embedded in the optical intensity along the propagation direction. The variation of the spatial polarization states transformed by the dielectric metalens can be properly mapped onto the Poincaré sphere. We believe that the variety of spatial polarizations within a miniaturized configuration provides a new degree of freedom for diverse applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Han Lin
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsiung Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Yen Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Wen Lan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Lu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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72
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Barbora A, Bohar O, Sivan AA, Magory E, Nause A, Minnes R. Higher pulse frequency of near-infrared laser irradiation increases penetration depth for novel biomedical applications. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245350. [PMID: 33411831 PMCID: PMC7790424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical efficiency of laser treatments is limited by the low penetration of visible light used in certain procedures like photodynamic therapy (PDT). Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) PDT is an innovative technique to overcome this limitation that enables the use of Near Infrared (NIR) light instead of visible light. NIR frequency bands present an optical window for deeper penetration into biological tissue. In this research, we compare the penetration depths of 405 and 808 nm continuous wave (CW) lasers and 808 nm pulsed wave (PW) laser in two different modes (high and low frequency). METHODS Increasing thicknesses of beef and chicken tissue samples were irradiated under CW and PW lasers to determine penetration depths. RESULTS The 808 nm CW laser penetrates 2.3 and 2.4 times deeper than the 405 nm CW laser in beef and chicken samples, respectively. 808 nm PW (pulse frequency-500 Hz) penetrates deeper than CW laser at the same wavelength. Further, increasing the pulse frequency achieves higher penetration depths. High frequency 808 nm PW (pulse frequency-71.4 MHz) penetrates 7.4- and 6.0-times deeper than 405 nm CW laser in chicken and beef, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the higher penetration depths of high frequency PW laser compared to low frequency PW laser, CW laser of the same wavelength and CW laser with half the wavelength. The results indicate that integrating SHG in the PDT process along with pulsed NIR light may allow the treatment of 6-7 times bigger tumours than conventional PDT using blue light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Barbora
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Oryan Bohar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Eyal Magory
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Ariel Nause
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Refael Minnes
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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73
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He S, Cheng Z. Near-Infrared II Optical Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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74
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Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging: Principles and Practice. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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75
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Campargue G, La Volpe L, Giardina G, Gaulier G, Lucarini F, Gautschi I, Le Dantec R, Staedler D, Diviani D, Mugnier Y, Wolf JP, Bonacina L. Multiorder Nonlinear Mixing in Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8725-8732. [PMID: 33231075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whereas most of the reports on the nonlinear properties of micro- and nanostructures address the generation of distinct signals, such as second or third harmonic, here we demonstrate that the novel generation of dual output lasers recently developed for microscopy can readily increase the accessible parameter space and enable the simultaneous excitation and detection of multiple emission orders such as several harmonics and signals stemming from various sum and difference frequency mixing processes. This rich response, which in our case features 10 distinct emissions and encompasses the whole spectral range from the deep ultraviolet to the short-wave infrared region, is demonstrated using various nonlinear oxide nanomaterials while being characterized and simulated temporally and spectrally. Notably, we show that the response is conserved when the particles are embedded in biological media opening the way to novel biolabeling and phototriggering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Campargue
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Luca La Volpe
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Giardina
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Geoffrey Gaulier
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Lucarini
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Gautschi
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ronan Le Dantec
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, SYMME, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - Davide Staedler
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Diviani
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Université de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Mugnier
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, SYMME, SYMME, F-74000 Annecy, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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76
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Yim JJ, Singh SP, Xia A, Kashfi-Sadabad R, Tholen M, Huland DM, Zarabanda D, Cao Z, Solis-Pazmino P, Bogyo M, Valdez TA. Short-Wave Infrared Fluorescence Chemical Sensor for Detection of Otitis Media. ACS Sens 2020; 5:3411-3419. [PMID: 33175516 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) or middle ear infection is one of the most common diseases in young children around the world. The diagnosis of OM is currently performed using an otoscope to detect middle ear fluid and inflammatory changes manifested in the tympanic membrane. However, conventional otoscopy cannot visualize across the tympanic membrane or sample middle ear fluid. This can lead to low diagnostic certainty and overdiagnoses of OM. To improve the diagnosis of OM, we have developed a short-wave infrared (SWIR) otoscope in combination with a protease-cleavable biosensor, 6QC-ICG, which can facilitate the detection of inflammatory proteases in the middle ear with an increase in contrast. 6QC-ICG is a fluorescently quenched probe, which is activated in the presence of cysteine cathepsin proteases that are up-regulated in inflammatory immune cells. Using a preclinical model and custom-built SWIR otomicroscope in this proof-of-concept study, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of robustly distinguishing inflamed ears from controls (p = 0.0006). The inflamed ears showed an overall signal-to-background ratio of 2.0 with a mean fluorescence of 81 ± 17 AU, while the control ear exhibited a mean fluorescence of 41 ± 11 AU. We envision that these fluorescently quenched probes in conjunction with SWIR imaging tools have the potential to be used as an alternate/adjunct tool for objective diagnosis of OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Yim
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, Karnataka 580011, India
| | - Anping Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Raana Kashfi-Sadabad
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martina Tholen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David M. Huland
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David Zarabanda
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhixin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Paola Solis-Pazmino
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Tulio A. Valdez
- Department of Otolaryngology−Head & Neck Surgery Divisions, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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77
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Algorithm for Mapping Kidney Tissue Water Content during Normothermic Machine Perfusion Using Hyperspectral Imaging. ALGORITHMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/a13110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of kidneys using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) prior to transplantation has the potential for predictive evaluation of organ quality. Investigations concerning the quantitative assessment of physiological tissue parameters and their dependence on organ function lack in this context. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the wavelength range of 500–995 nm was conducted for the determination of tissue water content (TWC) in kidneys. The quantitative relationship between spectral data and the reference TWC values was established by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Different preprocessing methods were applied to investigate their influence on predicting the TWC of kidneys. In the full wavelength range, the best models for absorbance and reflectance spectra provided Rp2 values of 0.968 and 0.963, as well as root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) values of 2.016 and 2.155, respectively. Considering an optimal wavelength range (800–980 nm), the best model based on reflectance spectra (Rp2 value of 0.941, RMSEP value of 3.202). Finally, the visualization of TWC distribution in all pixels of kidneys’ HSI image was implemented. The results show the feasibility of HSI for a non-invasively and accurate TWC prediction in kidneys, which could be used in the future to assess the quality of kidneys during the preservation period.
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78
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Homsirikamol C, Suvanasuthi S, Viravaidya-Pasuwat K. Inclusion of IR-820 into Soybean-Phosphatides-Based Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared-Triggered Release and Endolysosomal Escape in HaCaT Keratinocytes at Insignificant Cytotoxic Level. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8717-8737. [PMID: 33192063 PMCID: PMC7654534 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s267119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The degradation of drugs within endolysosomes has been widely addressed as a cause of poor bioavailability. One of the strategies to allow molecules to escape from a destructive fate is to introduce a photosensitizing moiety into a drug carrier enabling the permeabilization of endosomes and endolysosomes upon irradiation. This paper presents an alternative delivery nanosystem composed of cost-effective soybean phosphatides mixed with IR-820, a near-infrared (NIR) sensitizer, to load various active compounds and trigger an endolysosomal escape with a low cytotoxic effect. METHODS IR-820-incorporated phosphatides-based nanoparticles were formulated using a thin-film hydration method to encapsulate different molecular probes and a drug model. The nanoparticles were characterized in vitro using dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, as well as ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. The NIR-corresponding generation of the photochemical products, the content release, and the cytotoxicity toward the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line were evaluated. The cellular internalization and endolysosomal escape were monitored using a cytochemical marker and fluorescent probes with a colocalization analysis. RESULTS The IR-820-combined nanoparticles revealed the NIR-triggered changes in the singlet oxygen presence, nanoparticle architecture, and release rate without being cytotoxic. Additionally, the nanoplatform appeared to enhance cellular uptake of the macromolecules. The localization of the cytochemical marker and the colocalization analysis on the fluorescence signals of the encapsulated fluorophore and the lysosome-labeling reporter implied the transient endolysosomal escape of the cargo within the HaCaT cells after NIR irradiation. CONCLUSION The inclusion of IR-820 into a soybean-phosphatides base ingredient provides NIR responsiveness, particularly the endolysosomal escape of the payload, to the formulated nanoparticles, while preserving the beneficial properties as a drug carrier. This alternative delivery nanomedicine system has future potential to provide high bioavailability of cytosolic drugs utilizing time- and spatial-controllable NIR triggerability as well as the synergistic therapeutic effects with NIR-biomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiyarerk Homsirikamol
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saroj Suvanasuthi
- Hair Diseases and Hair Transplantation Division, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Viravaidya-Pasuwat
- Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Biological Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
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79
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Skripka A, Benayas A, Brites CDS, Martín IR, Carlos LD, Vetrone F. Inert Shell Effect on the Quantum Yield of Neodymium-Doped Near-Infrared Nanoparticles: The Necessary Shield in an Aqueous Dispersion. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7648-7654. [PMID: 32941042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (LnNPs) are versatile near-infrared (NIR) emitting nanoprobes that have led to their growing interest for use in biomedicine-related imaging. Toward the brightest LnNPs, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values are attained by implementing core/shell engineering, particularly with an optically inert shell. In this work, a thorough investigation is performed to quantify how an outer inert shell maintains the PLQY of Nd3+-doped LnNPs dispersed in an aqueous environment. Three relevant quantitative findings affecting the PLQY of Nd3+-doped LnNPs are identified: (i) the PLQY of core LnNPs is improved 3-fold upon inert shell coating; (ii) PLQY decreases with increasing Nd3+ doping despite the inert shell; and (iii) solvent quenching has a major influence on the PLQY of the LnNPs, though it is relatively lessened for high Nd3+ doping. Overall, we shed new light on the impact of the LnNP architecture on the NIR emission, as well as on the quenching effects caused by doping concentration and solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artiom Skripka
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Antonio Benayas
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos D S Brites
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inocencio R Martín
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456. E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Materiales y Nanotecnología (IMN), Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo. 456, E-38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luís D Carlos
- Phantom-g, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fiorenzo Vetrone
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, 1650 Boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada
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80
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Parker S, Anagnostaki E, Mylona V, Cronshaw M, Lynch E, Grootveld M. Systematic Review of Post-Surgical Laser-Assisted Oral Soft Tissue Outcomes Using Surgical Wavelengths Outside the 650-1350 nm Optical Window. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:591-606. [PMID: 33026973 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore via systematic review the validation of uneventful post-surgical healing, associated with shorter and longer laser wavelength applications in minor oral surgery procedures. Methods: From April 28 to May 11, 2020, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systemic Reviews, and Google Scholar search engines were applied to identify human clinical trials of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in clinical dentistry. The searches were carried out with reference to (1) dental laser wavelengths shorter than 650 nm; (2) wavelengths localized within the 2780-2940 nm; and (3) the 9300-10,600 nm range. Selected articles were further assessed by three independent reviewers for strict compliance with PRISMA guidelines and modified Cochrane Risk of Bias to determine eligibility. Results: Using selection filters of randomized clinical trials, moderate/low risk of bias, and the applied period, and following PRISMA guidelines, 25 articles were selected and examined. A risk of bias was completed, where 11 out of 25 publications were classified as low risk of bias, and 14 out of 25 were classified as medium risk status. In total, 6 out of 13 (46% of) studies comparing the examined laser wavelengths with scalpel-based treatment showed positive results, whereas 6 out of 13 (46%) showed no difference, and only 1 out of 13 (7.7%) presented a negative outcome. In addition, 5 out of 6 (83% of) studies comparing the examined laser wavelengths with other diodes (808-980 nm) showed positive results, whereas 1 out of 6 (17%) had negative outcomes. Conclusions: A detailed and blinded examination of published studies has been undertaken, applying strict criteria to demonstrate research outcome data, which suggests positive or at worst neutral comparatives when a given laser wavelength system is used against an alternative control therapy. As such, substantiated evidence for laser surgery in delivering uneventful healing and analgesic effects, as an expression of a PBM-like (quasi-PBM) influence, has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Parker
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Eugenia Anagnostaki
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Valina Mylona
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cronshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Lynch
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Martin Grootveld
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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81
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Hyperthermal paclitaxel-bound albumin nanoparticles co-loaded with indocyanine green and hyaluronidase for treating pancreatic cancers. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 44:182-193. [PMID: 32803685 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Albumin nanoparticles have become an attractive cancer nanomedicine platform due to their pharmaceutical advantages. Recently, photothermal therapy has been extensively applied to cancer treatment due to heat-induced tumor ablation. Herein, we fabricated albumin nanoparticles (HSA-NPs) loaded with paclitaxel (PTX), indocyanine green (ICG; a hyperthermal agent) and hyaluronidase (HAase) that breaks down hyaluronan, a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumors. Synthesis was based on a slightly modified nanoparticle albumin-bound (Nab™) technique. The prepared nanoparticles (PTX/ICG/HAase-HSA-NPs) had a spherical shape with an average size of ~ 110 nm and a zeta potential of ~ -30.4 mV. They displayed good colloidal stability and typical patterns of ICG, HSA and HAase in UV-VIS-NIR and circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis. PTX/ICG/HAase-HSA-NPs were found to have excellent hyperthermal effects in response to near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm) (up to > 50 °C over 4 min). The hyperthermia conducted by PTX/ICG/HAase-HSA-NPs resulted in significant cytotoxicity to pancreatic AsPC-1 cells at both severe (> 50 °C) and mild (41-42 °C) hyperthermal states in conjunction with the inherent cytotoxic activity of paclitaxel. Furthermore, the confocal images of AsPC-1 cell spheroids proved PTX/ICG/HAase-HSA-NPs were able to permeate deeply into the three-dimensional tumor tissue mimicry structure. Most of all, PTX/ICG/HAase-HSA-NPs maintained all these physicochemical and anti-cancer properties irrespective of the amount of embedded HAase (1-5 mg). Our results demonstrated that PTX/ICG/HAase-HSA-NPs are a promising hyperthermal/chemotherapeutic anticancer agent.
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82
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Montana DM, Nasilowski M, Hess WR, Saif M, Carr JA, Nienhaus L, Bawendi MG. Monodisperse and Water-Soluble Quantum Dots for SWIR Imaging via Carboxylic Acid Copolymer Ligands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35845-35855. [PMID: 32805785 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Compared to the visible and near-infrared, the short-wave infrared region (SWIR; 1000-2000 nm) has excellent properties for in vivo imaging: low autofluorescence, reduced scattering, and a low-absorption cross-section of blood or tissue. However, the general adoption of SWIR imaging in biomedical research will be enhanced by a broader availability of versatile and bright contrast materials. Quantum dots (QDs) are bright and compact SWIR emitters with narrow size distributions and emission spectra, but their use is limited by the shortcomings of established ligand systems for SWIR QDs. Established ligands often result in SWIR probes with either limited colloidal stability, large size, or broad size distribution or a combination of all three. We present a polymeric QD ligand designed to be compatible with oleate-coated QDs. Our polymeric acid ligand is a copolymer bearing carboxylic acid anchoring groups and PEG-550 chains to solubilize the QD-ligand construct. After a mild and rapid ligand exchange, the resulting constructs are compact (<11 nm hydrodynamic diameter) and have narrow size distribution. Both qualities are preserved for several months in isotonic saline. The constructs are bright in vivo, and to demonstrate their suitability for imaging, we perform whole-body imaging and lymphatic imaging, including visualization of lymphatic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Montana
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michel Nasilowski
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Whitney R Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mari Saif
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica A Carr
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lea Nienhaus
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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83
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Dey P, Blakey I, Stone N. Diagnostic prospects and preclinical development of optical technologies using gold nanostructure contrast agents to boost endogenous tissue contrast. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8671-8685. [PMID: 34123125 PMCID: PMC8163366 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01926g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous developments in optical biomedical imaging research utilizing gold nanostructures as contrast agents have advanced beyond basic research towards demonstrating potential as diagnostic tools; some of which are translating into clinical applications. Recent advances in optics, lasers and detection instrumentation along with the extensive, yet developing, knowledge-base in tailoring the optical properties of gold nanostructures has significantly improved the prospect of near-infrared (NIR) optical detection technologies. Of particular interest are optical coherence tomography (OCT), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and surface enhanced spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SESORS), due to their respective advancements. Here we discuss recent technological developments, as well as provide a prediction of their potential to impact on clinical diagnostics. A brief summary of each techniques' capability to distinguish abnormal (disease sites) from normal tissues, using endogenous signals alone is presented. We then elaborate on the use of exogenous gold nanostructures as contrast agents providing enhanced performance in the above-mentioned techniques. Finally, we consider the potential of these approaches to further catalyse advances in pre-clinical and clinical optical diagnostic technologies. Optical biomedical imaging research utilising gold nanostructures as contrast agents has advanced beyond basic science, demonstrating potential in various optical diagnostic tools; some of which are currently translating into clinical applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Dey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QL UK
| | - Idriss Blakey
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland St. Lucia 4072 Australia.,Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland St. Lucia 4072 Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, University of Queensland St. Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Nick Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QL UK
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84
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Thi Kim Dung D, Umezawa M, Nigoghossian K, Yeroslavsky G, Okubo K, Kamimura M, Yamaguchi M, Fujii H, Soga K. Development of Molecular Imaging Probe for Dual NIR/MR Imaging. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doan Thi Kim Dung
- Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | | | - Kyohei Okubo
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Imaging Frontier Center (IFC), Tokyo University of Science
| | - Masao Kamimura
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Imaging Frontier Center (IFC), Tokyo University of Science
| | - Masayuki Yamaguchi
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center
| | - Kohei Soga
- Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
- Imaging Frontier Center (IFC), Tokyo University of Science
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85
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Singh AK, Santra K, Song X, Petrich JW, Smith EA. Spectral Narrowing Accompanies Enhanced Spatial Resolution in Saturated Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS): Comparisons of Experiment and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4305-4313. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash K. Singh
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kalyan Santra
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Xueyu Song
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Jacob W. Petrich
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily A. Smith
- U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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86
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Sanchez-Cano A, Saldaña-Díaz JE, Perdices L, Pinilla I, Salgado-Remacha FJ, Jarabo S. Measurement method of optical properties of ex vivo biological tissues of rats in the near-infrared range. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:D111-D117. [PMID: 32400631 DOI: 10.1364/ao.384614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An optical fiber-based supercontinuum setup and a custom-made spectrophotometer that can measure spectra from 1100 to 2300 nm, are used to describe attenuation properties from different ex vivo rat tissues. Our method is able to differentiate between scattering and absorption coefficients in biological tissues. Theoretical assumptions combined with experimental measurements demonstrate that, in this infrared range, tissue attenuation and absorption can be accurately measured, and scattering can be described as the difference between both magnitudes. Attenuation, absorption, and scattering spectral coefficients of heart, brain, spleen, retina, and kidney are given by applying these theoretical and experimental methods. Light through these tissues is affected by high scattering, resulting in multiple absorption events, and longer wavelengths should be used to obtain lower attenuation values. It can be observed that the absorption coefficient has a similar behavior in the samples under study, with two main zones of absorption due to the water absorption bands at 1450 and 1950 nm, and with different absolute absorption values depending on the constituents of each tissue. The scattering coefficient can be determined, showing slight differences between retina and brain samples, and among heart, spleen and kidney tissues.
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87
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Shen Y, Lifante J, Fernández N, Jaque D, Ximendes E. In Vivo Spectral Distortions of Infrared Luminescent Nanothermometers Compromise Their Reliability. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4122-4133. [PMID: 32227917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence nanothermometry has emerged over the past decade as an exciting field of research due to its potential applications where conventional methods have demonstrated to be ineffective. Preclinical research has been one of the areas that have benefited the most from the innovations proposed in the field. Nevertheless, certain questions concerning the reliability of the technique under in vivo conditions have been continuously overlooked by most of the scientific community. In this proof-of-concept, hyperspectral in vivo imaging is used to explain how unverified assumptions about the thermal dependence of the optical transmittance of biological tissues in the so-called biological windows can lead to erroneous measurements of temperature. Furthermore, the natural steps that should be taken in the future for a reliable in vivo luminescence nanothermometry are discussed together with a perspective view of the field after the findings here reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Shen
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fı́sica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José Lifante
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fisiologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Nuria Fernández
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fisiologı́a, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Arzobispo Morcillo 2, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fı́sica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Erving Ximendes
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Fı́sica de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Nanobiology Group, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, IRYCIS, Ctra. Colmenar km. 9.100, Madrid 28034, Spain
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88
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Kilin V, Campargue G, Fureraj I, Sakong S, Sabri T, Riporto F, Vieren A, Mugnier Y, Mas C, Staedler D, Collins JM, Bonacina L, Vogel A, Capobianco JA, Wolf JP. Wavelength-Selective Nonlinear Imaging and Photo-Induced Cell Damage by Dielectric Harmonic Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4087-4095. [PMID: 32282184 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a nonlinear all-optical theranostics protocol based on the excitation wavelength decoupling between imaging and photoinduced damage of human cancer cells labeled by bismuth ferrite (BFO) harmonic nanoparticles (HNPs). To characterize the damage process, we rely on a scheme for in situ temperature monitoring based on upconversion nanoparticles: by spectrally resolving the emission of silica coated NaGdF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanoparticles in close vicinity of a BFO HNP, we show that the photointeraction upon NIR-I excitation at high irradiance is associated with a temperature increase >100 °C. The observed laser-cell interaction implies a permanent change of the BFO nonlinear optical properties, which can be used as a proxy to read out the outcome of a theranostics procedure combining imaging at 980 nm and selective cell damage at 830 nm. The approach has potential applications to monitor and treat lesions within NIR light penetration depth in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Kilin
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Campargue
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Ina Fureraj
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Sim Sakong
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Tarek Sabri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Alice Vieren
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Mas
- OncoTheis Sàrl, 18 chemin des Aulx, CH-1228, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Davide Staedler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Michael Collins
- Wheaton College, 26 East Main Street, Norton, Massachusetts 02766, United States
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Vogel
- Institute of Biomedical Optics University of Luebeck, Peter-Monnik-Weg 4, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- Department of Applied Physics, Université de Genève, 22 chemin de Pinchat, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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89
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Hu Z, Chen WH, Tian J, Cheng Z. NIRF Nanoprobes for Cancer Molecular Imaging: Approaching Clinic. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:469-482. [PMID: 32359478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Near-IR fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) is a highly promising technique for improving cancer theranostics in the era of precision medicine. Through the combination with cutting-edge bionanotechnologies, the potential of NIRFI can be greatly broadened. A variety of novel NIRF nanoprobes has been developed with ultimate goals of addressing unmet medical needs. Here, we present recent breakthroughs on the fundamental aspects of NIRFI, such as imaging at long wavelengths (1000-1700 nm), and the use of new approaches (X-rays, chemiluminescence, radioluminescence, etc.) for the excitation of novel nanoprobes. Within two decades, research on NIRF nanoprobes has translated to clinical trials and it will further translate to cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, PR China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, and Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xian 710071, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Bio-X Program, and Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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90
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Advancements of Second Near-Infrared Biological Window Fluorophores: Mechanism, Synthesis, and Application In Vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2019_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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91
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Maciejewska K, Poźniak B, Tikhomirov M, Kobylińska A, Marciniak Ł. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Assessment and Optical Properties Characterization of Colloidal GdPO 4:Mn 2+, Eu 3+ for High Sensitivity Luminescent Nanothermometers Operating in the Physiological Temperature Range. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E421. [PMID: 32121089 PMCID: PMC7152838 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel synthesis method of colloidal GdPO4:Mn2+,Eu3+ nanoparticles for luminescent nanothermometry is proposed. XRD, TEM, DLS, and zeta potential measurements confirmed the crystallographic purity and reproducible morphology of the obtained nanoparticles. The spectroscopic properties of GdPO4:Mn2+,Eu3+ with different amounts of Mn2+ and Eu3+ were analyzed in a physiological temperature range. It was found that GdPO4:1%Eu3+,10%Mn2+ nanoparticles revealed extraordinary performance for noncontact temperature sensing with relative sensitivity SR = 8.88%/°C at 32 °C. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and safety of GdPO4:15%Mn2+,1%Eu3+ was confirmed by cytotoxicity studies. These results indicated that colloidal GdPO4 doped with Mn2+ and Eu3+ is a very promising candidate as a luminescent nanothermometer for in vitro applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Maciejewska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Blazej Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C.K. Norwida 31, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (B.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. C.K. Norwida 31, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (B.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Adrianna Kobylińska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Marciniak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland;
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92
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Kharey P, Dutta SB, M M, Palani IA, Majumder SK, Gupta S. Green synthesis of near-infrared absorbing eugenate capped iron oxide nanoparticles for photothermal application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:095705. [PMID: 31715590 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab56b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials exhibit different interesting physical, chemical, electronic and magnetic properties that can be used in a variety of biomedical applications such as molecular imaging, cancer therapy, biosensing, and targeted drug delivery. Among various types of nanoparticles, super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have emerged as exogenous contrast agents for in vitro and in vivo deep tissue imaging. Here, we propose a facile, rapid, non-toxic, and cost-effective single step green synthesis method to fabricate eugenate (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenolate) capped iron oxide nanoparticles (E-capped IONPs). The magnetic E-capped IONPs are first time synthesized using a medicinal aromatic plant, Pimenta dioica. The Pimenta dioica leaf extract was used as a natural reducing agent for E-capped IONPs synthesis. The crystalline structure and size of the synthesized spherical nanoparticles were confirmed using the x-ray diffraction and electron microscopic images respectively. In addition, the presence of the functional groups, responsible for capping and stabilizing the synthesized nanoparticles, were identified by the Fourier transform infra-red spectrum. These nanoparticles were found to be safe for human cervical cancer (HeLa) and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cell lines and their safety was established using MTT[3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assay. These green synthesized E-capped IONPs display a distinct absorbance in the tissue transparent near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. This property was used for the NIR photothermal application of E-capped IONPs. The results suggest that these E-capped IONPs could be used for deep tissue photothermal therapy along with its application as an exogenous contrast agent in biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kharey
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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93
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Almog IF, Chen F, Senova S, Fomenko A, Gondard E, Sacher WD, Lozano AM, Poon JKS. Full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography and neural tissue classification for deep brain imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960083. [PMID: 31710771 PMCID: PMC7065632 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography can differentiate brain regions with intrinsic contrast and at a micron scale resolution. Such a device can be particularly useful as a real-time neurosurgical guidance tool. We present, to our knowledge, the first full-field swept-source optical coherence tomography system operating near a wavelength of 1310 nm. The proof-of-concept system was integrated with an endoscopic probe tip, which is compatible with deep brain stimulation keyhole neurosurgery. Neuroimaging experiments were performed on ex vivo brain tissues and in vivo in rat brains. Using classification algorithms involving texture features and optical attenuation, images were successfully classified into three brain tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Felts Almog
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Research InstituteToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Fu‐Der Chen
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Research InstituteToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Suhan Senova
- Krembil Research InstituteToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of NeurosurgeryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Henri‐Mondor, APHPCréteilFrance
- INSERM Unit 955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Université Paris‐EstCréteilFrance
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Krembil Research InstituteToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elise Gondard
- Krembil Research InstituteToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Wesley D. Sacher
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsHalleGermany
| | - Andres M. Lozano
- Krembil Research InstituteToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of SurgeryToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Joyce K. S. Poon
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Research InstituteToronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsHalleGermany
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94
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Wu X, Suo Y, Shi H, Liu R, Wu F, Wang T, Ma L, Liu H, Cheng Z. Deep-Tissue Photothermal Therapy Using Laser Illumination at NIR-IIa Window. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:38. [PMID: 34138257 PMCID: PMC7770864 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-0378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) using near-infrared (NIR) light for tumor treatment has triggered extensive attentions because of its advantages of noninvasion and convenience. The current research on PTT usually uses lasers in the first NIR window (NIR-I; 700-900 nm) as irradiation source. However, the second NIR window (NIR-II; 1000-1700 nm) especially NIR-IIa window (1300-1400 nm) is considered much more promising in diagnosis and treatment as its superiority in penetration depth and maximum permissible exposure over NIR-I window. Hereby, we propose the use of laser excitation at 1275 nm, which is approved by Food and Drug Administration for physical therapy, as an attractive technique for PTT to balance of tissue absorption and scattering with water absorption. Specifically, CuS-PEG nanoparticles with similar absorption values at 1275 and 808 nm, a conventional NIR-I window for PTT, were synthesized as PTT agents and a comparison platform, to explore the potential of 1275 and 808 nm lasers for PTT, especially in deep-tissue settings. The results showed that 1275 nm laser was practicable in PTT. It exhibited much more desirable outcomes in cell ablation in vitro and deep-tissue antitumor capabilities in vivo compared to that of 808 nm laser. NIR-IIa laser illumination is superior to NIR-I laser for deep-tissue PTT, and shows high potential to improve the PTT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunzhi Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkuan Suo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Ma
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, 130000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94301, USA.
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95
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Li J, Liu C, Hu Y, Ji C, Li S, Yin M. pH-responsive perylenediimide nanoparticles for cancer trimodality imaging and photothermal therapy. Theranostics 2020; 10:166-178. [PMID: 31903113 PMCID: PMC6929613 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic chromophores have been well developed for multimodality imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their outstanding optical properties and excellent designability. However, the theranostic efficiencies of most currently available organic chromophores are restricted intrinsically, owing to their poor photostability or complex synthesis procedures. These drawbacks not only increase their cost of synthesis, but also cause side effects in PTT. Method: We presented a facile strategy for constructing a near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing perylenediimide structured with pH-responsive piperazine ring at the bay region. The chromophore was conjugated with carboxyl-end-capped PEG as side chains that can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) in aqueous solution. The NIR optical properties and photothermal conversation ability of PPDI-NPs were investigated. We then studied the imaging-guided PTT of PPDI-NPs under NIR light illumination in 4T1 cells and mice respectively. Results: The excellent photostable PPDI-NPs had near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) emission and high photothermal conversion efficiency in acidic microenvironment. Importantly, PPDI-NPs can be utilized for the precise detection of tumors by NIRF/photoacoustic/thermal trimodality imaging. Efficient PTT of PPDI-NPs was applied in vitro and in vivo with high biosafety. Conclusion: In summary, we developed pH-responsive perylenediimide nanoparticles as multifunctional phototheranostic agent with high stability and simple synthesis procedures. This study offers a promising organic chromophore for developing phototheranostics in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chendong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 the North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | | | - Meizhen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 the North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, PR China
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96
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Hong E, Liu L, Bai L, Xia C, Gao L, Zhang L, Wang B. Control synthesis, subtle surface modification of rare-earth-doped upconversion nanoparticles and their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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97
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Sharma A, Srishti, Periyasamy V, Pramanik M. Photoacoustic imaging depth comparison at 532-, 800-, and 1064-nm wavelengths: Monte Carlo simulation and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:121904. [PMCID: PMC7005538 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.12.121904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides high-resolution and high-optical-contrast imaging beyond optical diffusion limit. Further improvement in imaging depth has been achieved by using near-infrared window-I (NIR-I, 700 to 900 nm) for illumination, due to lower scattering and absorption by tissues in this wavelength range. Recently, near-infrared window-II (NIR-II, 900 to 1700 nm) has been explored for PAI. We studied the imaging depths in biological tissues for different illumination wavelengths in visible, NIR-I, and NIR-II regions using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and validated with experimental results. MC simulations were done to compute fluence in tissue, absorbance in blood vessel, and in a spherical absorber (mimicking sentinel lymph node) embedded at different depths in breast tissue. Photoacoustic tomography and acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy experiments were conducted to validate the MC results. We demonstrate that maximum imaging depth is achieved by wavelengths in NIR-I window (∼800 nm) when the energy density deposited is same for all wavelengths. However, illumination using wavelengths around 1064 nm (NIR-II window) gives the maximum imaging depth when the energy density deposited is proportional to maximum permissible exposure (MPE) at corresponding wavelength. These results show that it is the higher MPE of NIR-II window that helps in increasing the PAI depth for chromophores embedded in breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Sharma
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Srishti
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Vijitha Periyasamy
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
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98
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Carneiro I, Carvalho S, Henrique R, Oliveira L, Tuchin V. Moving tissue spectral window to the deep-ultraviolet via optical clearing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900181. [PMID: 31465137 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The optical immersion clearing technique has been successfully applied through the last 30 years in the visible to near infrared spectral range, and has proven to be a promising method to promote the application of optical technologies in clinical practice. To investigate its potential in the ultraviolet range, collimated transmittance spectra from 200 to 1000 nm were measured from colorectal muscle samples under treatment with glycerol-water solutions. The treatments created two new optical windows with transmittance efficiency peaks at 230 and 300 nm, with magnitude increasing with glycerol concentration in the treating solution. Such discovery opens the opportunity to develop clinical procedures to perform diagnosis or treatments in the ultraviolet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa Carneiro
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology, and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Carvalho
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology, and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology, and Epigenetics Group - Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar - University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Oliveira
- Physics Department - Polytechnic Institute of Porto, School of Engineering, Porto, Portugal
- Centre of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology (CIETI), School of Engineering, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russian Federation
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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99
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Yanina IY, Navolokin NA, Bucharskaya AB, Мaslyakova GN, Tuchin VV. Skin and subcutaneous fat morphology alterations under the LED or laser treatment in rats in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900117. [PMID: 31454458 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this work is to quantify the impact of photodynamic/photothermal treatment by using visible LED and NIR laser irradiation through the skin of subcutaneous fat in vivo followed up by tissue sampling and histology. The optical method may provide reduction of regional or site-specific accumulations of abdominal or subcutaneous adipose tissue precisely and least-invasively by inducing cell apoptosis and controlled necrosis of fat tissue. As photodynamic/photothermal adipose tissue sensitizers Brilliant Green (BG) or Indocyanine Green (ICG) dyes were injected subcutaneously in rats. The CW LED device (625 nm) or CW diode laser (808 nm) were used as light sources, respectively. Biopsies of skin together with subcutaneous tissues were taken for histology. The combined action BG-staining and LED-irradiation (BG + LED) or ICG-staining and NIR-laser irradiation (ICG + NIR) causes pronounced signs of damage of adipose tissue characterized by a strong stretching, thinning, folding and undulating of cell membranes and appearance of necrotic areas. As a posttreatment after 14 days only connective tissue was observed at the site of necrotic areas. The data obtained are important for safe light treatment of site-specific fat accumulations, including cellulite. This work provides a basis for the development of fat lipolysis technologies and to move them to clinical applications. Schematics of animal experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Y Yanina
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikita A Navolokin
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Alla B Bucharskaya
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Galina N Мaslyakova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Research-Educational Institute of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia
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100
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Hu Y, Honek JF, Wilson BC, Lu QB. Design, synthesis and photocytotoxicity of upconversion nanoparticles: Potential applications for near-infrared photodynamic and photothermal therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900129. [PMID: 31298812 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are emerging modalities for the treatment of tumors and nonmalignant conditions, based on the use of photosensitizers to generate singlet oxygen or heat, respectively, upon light (laser) irradiation. They have potential advantages over conventional treatments, being minimally invasive with precise spatial-temporal selectivity and reduced side effects. However, most clinically employed PDT agents are activated at visible (vis) wavelengths for which the tissue penetration and, hence, effective treatment depth are compromised. In addition, the lipophilicity of near-infrared (NIR) photothermal agents limits their use and efficiency. To achieve combined PDT/PTT effects, both excitation wavelengths need to be tuned into the NIR spectral window of biological tissues. This paper reports the synthesis of neodymium-doped upconversion nanoparticles (NaYF4 :Yb,Er,Nd@NaYF4 :Nd) that convert 800 nm light into vis wavelengths, which can then activate conventional photosensitizers on the nanoparticle surface for PDT. Covalently bonded IR-780 dyes can readily be activated by 800 nm laser irradiation. The PEGylated nanoplatform exhibited a narrow size distribution, good stability and efficient generation of singlet oxygen under laser irradiation. The in vitro photocytotoxicity of this engineered nanoplatform as either a PDT or PTT agent in HeLa cells is demonstrated, while fluorescence microscopy in nanoplatform-incubated cells highlights its potential for bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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