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Dong J, Zhang L, Wu B, Ding F, Liu Y. Theoretical Study of Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Graphene and Beyond: Challenges and Perspectives. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7942-7963. [PMID: 34387496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted great attention in recent years because of their unique dimensionality and related properties. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a crucial technique for thin-film epitaxial growth, has become the most promising method of synthesizing 2D materials. Different from traditional thin-film growth, where strong chemical bonds are involved in both thin films and substrates, the interaction in 2D materials and substrates involves the van der Waals force and is highly anisotropic, and therefore, traditional thin-film growth theories cannot be applied to 2D material CVD synthesis. During the last 15 years, extensive theoretical studies were devoted to the CVD synthesis of 2D materials. This Perspective attempts to present a theoretical framework for 2D material CVD synthesis as well as the challenges and opportunities in exploring CVD mechanisms. We hope that this Perspective can provide an in-depth understanding of 2D material CVD synthesis and can further stimulate 2D material synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Bin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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52
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Chen J, Tang Q. The Versatile Electronic, Magnetic and Photo-Electro Catalytic Activity of a New 2D MA 2 Z 4 Family*. Chemistry 2021; 27:9925-9933. [PMID: 33904612 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The recent successful growth of MoSi2 N4 and WSi2 N4 monolayers led to the discovery of a new class of the two-dimensional (2D) MA2 Z4 materials with no known 3D layered allotropes, which renders great possibilities to integrate diverse properties by proper design of sandwiched "MZ2 " building blocks and "A-Z" passivation layers. In this work, the dynamic stability, electronic properties, and surface reactivity of the new MA2 Z4 family, in which M is Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, A refers to Si or Ge, and Z is N, P or As, is theoretically probed. Among the proposed 54 possible combinations, about 42 compositions are dynamically stable, which vary from non-magnetic, anti-ferromagnetic, to ferromagnetic semiconductors, metals and half-metals. In particular, the VB (V, Nb, Ta) MA2 Z4 possesses robust intrinsic ferromagnetism that is essential for spintronics applications. In regard to surface activity, most MA2 Z4 , particularly N- or P-terminated IVB and VB MA2 Z4 , have high catalytic potential for hydrogen evolution, and the ▵GH of non-magnetic MA2 Z4 is highly correlated to the highest occupied p electronic states of the surface Z atoms. The photocatalytic activity is also evaluated. MoSi2 N4 and WSi2 N4 within 4 % tensile strain are capable of photocatalytic overall water splitting. The findings indicate the new 2D MA2 Z4 family has fascinating properties and possesses strong potential for applications but not limited to electronics, spintronics and catalysts, which will stimulate the interests of experimental synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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53
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Grewal A, Wang Y, Münks M, Kern K, Ternes M. Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111). BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:559-565. [PMID: 34221802 PMCID: PMC8218540 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combined scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopy using a qPlus sensor enables the measurement of electronic and mechanic properties of two-dimensional materials at the nanoscale. In this work, we study hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), an atomically thin 2D layer, that is van der Waals-coupled to a Cu(111) surface. The system is of interest as a decoupling layer for functional 2D heterostructures due to the preservation of the h-BN bandgap and as a template for atomic and molecular adsorbates owing to its local electronic trapping potential due to the in-plane electric field. We obtain work function (Φ) variations on the h-BN/Cu(111) superstructure of the order of 100 meV using two independent methods, namely the shift of field emission resonances and the contact potential difference measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy. Using 3D force profiles of the same area we determine the relative stiffness of the Moiré region allowing us to analyse both electronic and mechanical properties of the 2D layer simultaneously. We obtain a sheet stiffness of 9.4 ± 0.9 N·m-1, which is one order of magnitude higher than the one obtained for h-BN/Rh(111). Using constant force maps we are able to derive height profiles of h-BN/Cu(111) showing that the system has a corrugation of 0.6 ± 0.2 Å, which helps to demystify the discussion around the flatness of the h-BN/Cu(111) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Grewal
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Matthias Münks
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus Ternes
- Max Planck Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- II. Institute of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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54
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Zhang L, Dong J, Ding F. Strategies, Status, and Challenges in Wafer Scale Single Crystalline Two-Dimensional Materials Synthesis. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6321-6372. [PMID: 34047544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The successful exfoliation of graphene has given a tremendous boost to research on various two-dimensional (2D) materials in the last 15 years. Different from traditional thin films, a 2D material is composed of one to a few atomic layers. While atoms within a layer are chemically bonded, interactions between layers are generally weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions. Due to their particular dimensionality, 2D materials exhibit special electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and thermal properties, not found in their 3D counterparts, and therefore they have great potential in various applications, such as 2D materials-based devices. To fully realize their large-scale practical applications, especially in devices, wafer scale single crystalline (WSSC) 2D materials are indispensable. In this review, we present a detailed overview on strategies toward the synthesis of WSSC 2D materials while highlighting the recent progress on WSSC graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) synthesis. The challenges that need to be addressed in future studies have also been described. In general, there have been two distinct routes to synthesize WSSC 2D materials: (i) allowing only one nucleus on a wafer scale substrate to be formed and developed into a large single crystal and (ii) seamlessly stitching a large number of unidirectionally aligned 2D islands on a wafer scale substrate, which is generally single crystalline. Currently, the synthesis of WSSC graphene has been realized by both routes, and WSSC hBN and MoS2 have been synthesized by route (ii). On the other hand, the growth of other WSSC 2D materials and WSSC multilayer 2D materials still remains a big challenge. In the last section, we wrap up this review by summarizing the future challenges and opportunities in the synthesis of various WSSC 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leining Zhang
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Jichen Dong
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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55
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Iqbal Z, Aslam A, Ishaq M, Gao W. On Computations of Topological Descriptors of Kagome Lattice. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1923537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Iqbal
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Aslam
- Department of Natural Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Information Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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56
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Liu Z, Hinaut A, Peeters S, Scherb S, Meyer E, Righi MC, Glatzel T. Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 12:432-439. [PMID: 34104621 PMCID: PMC8144921 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.12.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel reconstruction of a two-dimensional layer of KBr on an Ir(111) surface is observed by high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy and verified by density functional theory (DFT). The observed KBr structure is oriented along the main directions of the Ir(111) surface, but forms a characteristic double-line pattern. Comprehensive calculations by DFT, taking into account the observed periodicities, resulted in a new low-energy reconstruction. However, it is fully relaxed into a common cubic structure when a monolayer of graphene is located between substrate and KBr. By using Kelvin probe force microscopy, the work functions of the reconstructed and the cubic configuration of KBr were measured and indicate, in accordance with the DFT calculations, a difference of nearly 900 meV. The difference is due to the strong interaction and local charge displacement of the K+/Br- ions and the Ir(111) surface, which are reduced by the decoupling effect of graphene, thus yielding different electrical and mechanical properties of the top KBr layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Peeters
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sebastian Scherb
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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57
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Yang X, Zhou S, Huang S, Zhao J. New boron nitride monolith phases from high-pressure compression of double-walled boron nitride nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:134702. [PMID: 33832265 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure-induced phase transition of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) provides an effective approach to develop new boron nitride nanostructures with more desirable functions than those of carbon nanotubes, owing to the unique polar B-N bonds. However, the synthetic BNNTs usually comprise double- or multi-walls, whose structural evolution under pressure is complicated and remains largely elusive. Here, we unveil the complete phase transition behavior of hexagonal bundles of double-walled (DW) BNNTs of different chirality and diameters under hydrostatic pressures of up to 60 GPa. A series of new monolith phases are obtained from the compressed DW-BNNT bundles, whose structures can be well retained even after releasing the pressure. The bonding characters; electronic, optical, and mechanical properties; and Raman signature of these monolith phases are elucidated, which provide essential guidance for synthesis of new boron nitride materials with unprecedented properties for technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Research Center of Energetic Material Genome Science, Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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58
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Zhang X, Wang S. Interfacial Strengthening of Graphene/Aluminum Composites through Point Defects: A First-Principles Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:738. [PMID: 33804166 PMCID: PMC8001873 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between point defects and mechanical properties has not been fully understood yet from a theoretical perspective. This study systematically investigated how the Stone-Wales (SW) defect, the single vacancy (SV), and the double vacancy (DV) affect the mechanical properties of graphene/aluminum composites. The interfacial bonding energies containing the SW and DV defects were about twice that of the pristine graphene. Surprisingly, the interfacial bonding energy of the composites with single vacancy was almost four times that of without defect in graphene. These results indicate that point defects enhance the interfacial bonding strength significantly and thus improve the mechanical properties of graphene/aluminum composites, especially the SV defect. The differential charge density elucidates that the formation of strong Al-C covalent bonds at the defects is the most fundamental reason for improving the mechanical properties of graphene/aluminum composites. The theoretical research results show the defective graphene as the reinforcing phase is more promising to be used in the metal matrix composites, which will provide a novel design guideline for graphene reinforced metal matrix composites. Furthermore, the sp3-hybridized C dangling bonds increase the chemical activity of the SV graphene, making it possible for the SV graphene/aluminum composites to be used in the catalysis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
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59
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Topological aspects of 2D structures of trans- Pd(NH2)S lattice and a metal-organic superlattice. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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60
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Cun H, Miao Z, Hemmi A, Al-Hamdani Y, Iannuzzi M, Osterwalder J, Altman MS, Greber T. High-Quality Hexagonal Boron Nitride from 2D Distillation. ACS NANO 2021; 15:1351-1357. [PMID: 33377769 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The production of high-quality two-dimensional (2D) materials is essential for the ultimate performance of single layers and their hybrids. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is foreseen to become the key 2D hybrid and packaging material since it is insulating, impermeable, flat, transparent, and chemically inert, though it is difficult to attain in ultimate quality. Here, a scheme is reported for producing single layer h-BN that shows higher quality in view of mosaicity and strain variations than material from chemical vapor deposition (CVD). We delaminate CVD h-BN from Rh(111) and transfer it to a clean metal surface. The twisting angle between BN and the second substrate yields metastable moiré structures. Annealing above 1000 K leads to 2D distillation, i.e., catalyst-assisted BN sublimation from the edges of the transferred layer and subsequent condensation into superior quality h-BN. This provides a way for 2D material production remote from CVD instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyao Cun
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zichun Miao
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adrian Hemmi
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael S Altman
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thomas Greber
- Physik-Institut, Universität Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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61
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Rigosi AF, Levy AL, Snure MR, Glavin NR. Turn of the decade: versatility of 2D hexagonal boron nitride. JPHYS MATERIALS 2021; 4:10.1088/2515-7639/abf1ab. [PMID: 34409257 PMCID: PMC8370033 DOI: 10.1088/2515-7639/abf1ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The era of two-dimensional (2D) materials, in its current form, truly began at the time that graphene was first isolated just over 15 years ago. Shortly thereafter, the use of 2D hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) had expanded in popularity, with use of the thin isolator permeating a significant number of fields in condensed matter and beyond. Due to the impractical nature of cataloguing every use or research pursuit, this review will cover ground in the following three subtopics relevant to this versatile material: growth, electrical measurements, and applications in optics and photonics. Through understanding how the material has been utilized, one may anticipate some of the exciting directions made possible by the research conducted up through the turn of this decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert F Rigosi
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Antonio L Levy
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States
| | - Michael R Snure
- Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, United States
| | - Nicholas R Glavin
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, United States
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62
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Zhang L, Ng ML, Vojvodic A. Role of Undercoordinated Sites for the Catalysis in Confined Spaces Formed by Two-Dimensional Material Overlayers. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9400-9407. [PMID: 33104328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adding a two-dimensional (2D) overlayer on a metal surface is a promising route for activating reactants confined in the interfacial space. However, an atomistic understanding of the role played by undercoordinated sites of the 2D overlayer in the activation of molecules in this nanoscaled confined space is yet to be developed. In this paper, we study CO dissociation as a prototypical reaction to investigate CO activation in the confined space enclosed by Rh(111) and a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). The effect of the space size (i.e., the distance between h-BN and the metal surface), the type of undercoordinated sites, and the size of the defect are explicitly studied by density functional theory with dispersion correction. The following temperature-programmed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement suggests that a small portion of the CO dissociated during the desorption, leaving the residual atomic oxygen incorporated into the h-BN lattice, which validates the theoretical prediction. The combination of theory and experiment calls for further attention to be paid to the role of undercoordinated sites in the 2D overlayers in confined systems forming potential new catalytic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - May Ling Ng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Aleksandra Vojvodic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6315, United States
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63
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Loske L, Nakagawa K, Yoshioka T, Matsuyama H. 2D Nanocomposite Membranes: Water Purification and Fouling Mitigation. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E295. [PMID: 33092187 PMCID: PMC7589742 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the characteristics of different types of nanosheet membranes were reviewed in order to determine which possessed the optimum propensity for antifouling during water purification. Despite the tremendous amount of attention that nanosheets have received in recent years, their use to render membranes that are resistant to fouling has seldom been investigated. This work is the first to summarize the abilities of nanosheet membranes to alleviate the effect of organic and inorganic foulants during water treatment. In contrast to other publications, single nanosheets, or in combination with other nanomaterials, were considered to be nanostructures. Herein, a broad range of materials beyond graphene-based nanomaterials is discussed. The types of nanohybrid membranes considered in the present work include conventional mixed matrix membranes, stacked membranes, and thin-film nanocomposite membranes. These membranes combine the benefits of both inorganic and organic materials, and their respective drawbacks are addressed herein. The antifouling strategies of nanohybrid membranes were divided into passive and active categories. Nanosheets were employed in order to induce fouling resistance via increased hydrophilicity and photocatalysis. The antifouling properties that are displayed by two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposite membranes also are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Loske
- Department of Environmental, Process & Energy Engineering, Management Center Innsbruck (MCI)—The Entrepreneurial School, Maximilianstrasse 2, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Nakagawa
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Tomohisa Yoshioka
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Hideto Matsuyama
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
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64
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Guo H, Martínez-Galera AJ, Gómez-Rodríguez JM. C 60 self-orientation on hexagonal boron nitride induced by intermolecular coupling. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 32:025711. [PMID: 33073772 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abbbb2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A deep grasp of the properties of the interface between organic molecules and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is essential for the full implementation of these two building blocks in the next generation of electronic devices. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), we report on the geometric and electronic features of C60 evaporated on a single layer of h-BN grown on a Rh(110) surface under ultra-high vacuum. Two different molecular assemblies of C60 on the h-BN/Rh(110) surface were observed. The first STM study at room temperature (RT) and at low temperatures (40 K) looked at the molecular orientation of C60 on a two-dimensional layered material. Intramolecular-resolution images demonstrate the existence of a phase transition of C60 over the h-BN/Rh(110) surface similar to that found on bulk solid C60. At RT molecules exhibit random orientations, while at 40 K such rotational disorder vanishes and they adopt a common orientation over the h-BN/Rh(110) surface. The decrease in thermal energy allows recognition between C60 molecules, and they become equally oriented in the configuration at which the van der Waals intermolecular interactions are optimized. Bias-dependent submolecular features obtained by means of high-resolution STM images are interpreted as the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. STS data showed that fullerenes are electronically decoupled from the substrate, with a negligible charge transfer effect if any. Finally, the very early stages of multilayer growth were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Guo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid E-28049, Spain
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Hou C, Tai G, Wu Z, Hao J. Borophene: Current Status, Challenges and Opportunities. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2186-2196. [PMID: 32989917 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Borophenes (2D boron sheets) have triggered a surge of interest both theoretically and experimentally because of its distinct structural, optical and electronic properties for extensive potential applications. Although theoretical efforts have guided the research directions of borophene, only few synthetic borophene sheets have been demonstrated experimentally. Borophene sheets have been successfully synthesized experimentally on metal substrates until 2015. Afterwards, more efforts were put on the controlled synthesis of crystalline and semiconducting borophene sheets as well as on the investigation of their novel and fascinating physical properties. This report provides a brief review on theoretical and experimental progress in borophene research. Some typical structures and properties of borophenes have been reviewed. The focus is laid on summarizing the experimental synthesis of borophene in recent years, and on showing some ultrastable and semiconducting borophenes which have been applied in electronic information devices. Finally, the future challenges and opportunities regarding experimental realization and practical applications of borophenes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Guoan Tai
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Zenghui Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
| | - Jinqian Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Laboratory of Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, P. R. China
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66
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Joy J, George E, Haritha P, Thomas S, Anas S. An overview of boron nitride based polymer nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jomon Joy
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Elssa George
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Prakashan Haritha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Saithalavi Anas
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam Kerala India
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67
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Sharma BB, Parashar A. Mechanical strength of a nanoporous bicrystalline h-BN nanomembrane in a water submerged state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20453-20465. [PMID: 32926026 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03235b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to superior water permeability, structural stability, and adsorption capability, h-BN nanosheets are emerging as an efficient membrane for water desalination. In order to cater to the demand for potable water, large size membranes are required to maintain a high desalination rate from water purification systems. These large size membranes usually contain polycrystals with an offset in their mechanical properties from pristine h-BN nanosheets. In this article, molecular dynamics based simulations were performed in conjunction with a hybrid interatomic potential (reactive force field, TIP3P, and Lennard Jones) to simulate the mechanical strength of nanoporous single and bicrystalline h-BN nanosheets under water submerged conditions. The interaction between the atomic configuration of grain boundary atoms and nanopores in the presence of water molecules helps in investigating the viability of defective h-BN nanomembranes for underwater applications. Higher dislocation density enhances the mechanical strength of nanoporous bicrystalline h-BN nanosheets containing twin nanopores, which makes them a better substitute for water submerged applications as compared to the pristine nanosheets. The mechanical strength of nanoporous single crystalline h-BN nanosheets deteriorates with an increase in the number of nanopores, whereas a contrasting trend was observed with bicrystalline h-BN nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan Sharma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
| | - Avinash Parashar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
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68
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Sun Y, Jiang T, Duan J, Jiang L, Hu X, Zhao H, Zhu J, Chen S, Wang X. Two-Dimensional Nanomesh Arrays as Bifunctional Catalysts for N2 Electrolysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuntong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xuemin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hongan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junwu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210094, China
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69
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Szitás Á, Gubó R, Pásztor T, Farkas AP, Ajtai T, Óvári L, Palotás K, Berkó A, Kónya Z. Adsorption of Azobenzene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomesh Supported by Rh(111). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2020; 124:14182-14194. [PMID: 32952773 PMCID: PMC7493209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Adsorption
properties of azobenzene, the prototypical molecular
switch, were investigated on a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer
(“nanomesh”) prepared on Rh(111). The h-BN layer was
produced by decomposing borazine (B3N3H6) at 1000–1050 K. Temperature-programmed desorption
(TPD) studies revealed that azobenzene molecules adsorbed on the “wire”
and “pore” regions desorb at slightly different temperatures.
Angle-resolved high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS)
measurements demonstrated that the first molecular layer is characterized
predominantly by an adsorption geometry with the molecular plane parallel
to the surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) indicated a clear
preference for adsorption in the pores, manifesting a templating effect,
but in some cases one-dimensional molecular stripes also form, implying
attractive molecule–molecule interaction. Density functional
theory (DFT) calculations provided further details regarding the adsorption
energetics and bonding and confirmed the experimental findings that
the molecules adsorb with the phenyl rings parallel to the surface,
preferentially in the pores, and indicated also the presence of an
attractive molecule–molecule interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á Szitás
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - R Gubó
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T Pásztor
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - A P Farkas
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - T Ajtai
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - L Óvári
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - K Palotás
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Center for Physics, P. O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Berkó
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Z Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, University of Szeged, Rerrich B. tér 1, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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70
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Zhang Y, Zeng X, Xiao J, Pu C, Shi H, Xiao Z. Preparation and Properties of Coating for Improving Heat and Salt Wet Resistance of Combustible Cartridges. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Xi Zeng
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Jinxiu Xiao
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Chengkai Pu
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Haiyue Shi
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Zhenggang Xiao
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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71
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Düll F, Steinhauer J, Späth F, Bauer U, Bachmann P, Steinrück HP, Wickert S, Denecke R, Papp C. Ethylene: Its adsorption, reaction, and coking on Pt/h-BN/Rh(111) nanocluster arrays. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224710. [PMID: 32534549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We present well-ordered Pt nanocluster arrays supported on the h-BN/Rh(111) Moiré as a model system for an ethylene dehydrogenation catalyst. Thereby, the h-BN nanomesh serves as a chemically inert eggbox-like template for clusters with a narrow size distribution. The thermal evolution of ethylene is investigated by synchrotron-based high-resolution in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the Pt nanoclusters. We compare our results with data on Pt(111) and Pt(355). Interestingly, the Pt nanoclusters and Pt(355) behave very similarly. Both open a new reaction pathway via vinylidene in addition to the route via ethylidyne known for Pt(111). Due to the importance of coking in ethylene dehydrogenation on Pt catalysts, we also studied C2H4 adsorption and decomposition on carbon precovered Pt nanoclusters. While the amount of adsorbed ethylene decreases linearly with the carbon coverage, we found that edge sites are more affected than facet sites and that the vinylidene reaction pathway is effectively suppressed by carbon residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Späth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandra Wickert
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Reinhard Denecke
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstraße 2, Leipzig, D-04103, Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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72
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Hassan M, Zhan H, Wang J, Liu J, Chen J. Self-Assembly Anisotropic Magnetic Nanowire Films Induced by External Magnetic Field. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:588-592. [PMID: 32440462 PMCID: PMC7239272 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly generated materials induced by an external magnetic field have attracted considerable interest following the development of nanodevices. However, the fabrication of macroscopic and anisotropic magnetic films at the nanoscale remains a challenge. Here, anisotropic magnetic films are successfully prepared using a solution-based nanowire assembly strategy under a magnetic field. The assembly process is manipulated by changing the thickness of silica shell coated on the surface of magnetic nanowires. The anisotropic magnetic films show highly anisotropic magnetization under different angles of magnetic field and better magnetization properties than that of disordered magnetic films. The well-defined nanowire arrays enable magnetization anisotropic property which may be useful in the magnetic energy conversion technologies and biomedical sciences which lie far beyond those achievable with traditional magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Hui‐Juan Zhan
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Jin‐Long Wang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Jian‐Wei Liu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Jia‐Fu Chen
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
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73
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Arias P, Ebnonnasir A, Ciobanu CV, Kodambaka S. Growth Kinetics of Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Boron Nitride Layers on Pd(111). NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:2886-2891. [PMID: 32130016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using in situ variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (300-673 K) during chemical vapor deposition of two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on Pd(111) from borazine precursor at pressures up to 10-6 mbar, we identify the mechanisms leading to carpetlike uphill or downhill growth across the Pd steps. Deposition at a higher rate and lower temperature promotes uphill growth via preferential attachment at the ascending and descending step-edges, whereas a lower deposition rate and higher temperature lead to downhill growth via nucleation and growth of islands on Pd terraces. We attribute this unusual growth behavior to differences in temperature-dependent rates of hBN deposition at the steps versus on the Pd terraces. Our results illustrate how growth mechanisms can be activated by a pair of parameters (substrate temperature and partial pressure of borazine) and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying carpetlike growth of hBN and other layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Arias
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Abbas Ebnonnasir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
| | - Cristian V Ciobanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Program, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States
| | - Suneel Kodambaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095 United States
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74
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Zhu H, Zhao X, Li H, Zhao R. Revealing stable geometries and magic clusters of hexagonal boron nitride in the nucleation of chemical vapor deposition growth on Ni(111)/Cu(111) surfaces: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4023-4031. [PMID: 32022041 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06425g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve the quality of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-prepared hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), it is essential to understand the growth mechanism, particularly to learn the structures as well as their stabilities and kinetic evolutions of the formed clusters in the initial growth stage. Herein, we performed systematic studies on the stabilities of various geometries of different-/identical-sized BN clusters on (111) surfaces of Ni and Cu by density functional theory simulations. The results show that the stable configurations of different-sized clusters are those containing the most normal hexagons composed with alternate B and N atoms. There exist ultra-stable magic clusters on the (111) surfaces of both the metals. On Ni(111), the geometries of the magic clusters are composed of hexagons arranged in the core-shell structure, while they contain tetragons on the Cu(111) surface. The ultra-high stabilities of the magic clusters can be attributed to the comprehensive effect from the core-shell structure, high symmetry, edged atoms, and adsorption sites. The stable geometries of different-sized clusters as well as magic clusters present the vital roles of metal substrates in CVD-synthesis of h-BN and provide instructive information in improving the quality of h-BN by selecting appropriate metal substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Materials on Deep-Earth Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Henan 454003, China.
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75
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Abstract
We fabricate artificial molecules composed of heavy atom lead on a van der Waals crystal. Pb atoms templated on a honeycomb charge-order superstructure of IrTe2 form clusters ranging from dimers to heptamers including benzene-shaped ring hexamers. Tunneling spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations reveal the formation of unusual relativistic molecular orbitals within the clusters. The spin–orbit coupling is essential both in forming such Dirac electronic states and stabilizing the artificial molecules by reducing the adatom–substrate interaction. Lead atoms are found to be ideally suited for a maximized relativistic effect. This work initiates the use of novel two-dimensional orderings to guide the fabrication of artificial molecules of unprecedented properties. Artificial molecules supported on templated surfaces attract enormous interest due to their tunable electronic properties. Here the authors use STM experiments and DFT calculations to show the formation of Pb artificial clusters on a IrTe2 honeycomb template that are maximally stabilized by relativistic effects.
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76
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Farkas AP, Szitás Á, Jurdi D, Palotás K, Kiss J, Kónya Z. Selective transformation of ethanol to acetaldehyde catalyzed by Au/h-BN interface prepared on Rh(111) surface. APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apcata.2020.117440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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77
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Lvova NA, Ryazanova AI, Popkov DO. Reactivity of Defective Hexagonal Boron Nitride Monolayers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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78
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Thomas S, Asle Zaeem M. A new planar BCN lateral heterostructure with outstanding strength and defect-mediated superior semiconducting to metallic properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22066-22077. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02973d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Outstanding strength and defect-mediated superior semiconducting to conducting properties of a planar BCN lateral heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siby Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| | - Mohsen Asle Zaeem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
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79
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Zhang X, Sun S, Wang S. First-principles investigation on the bonding mechanisms of two-dimensional carbon materials on the transition metals surfaces. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43412-43419. [PMID: 35519694 PMCID: PMC9058513 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08984b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the bonding mechanisms between carbon and metal atoms are crucial for experimental preparations of low-dimensional carbon materials and metal/low-dimensional carbon composites. In this work, various bonding modes are summarized through a systematical study on the adsorptions of graphene and graphyne on surfaces of typical transition metals. If a carbon atom is adjacent to a transition metal atom, the C-pz electron may form a covalent bond with a s or a d electron of the transition metal atom. When a metal atom lies below two carbon atoms of graphene or graphyne, two new covalent bonds may be formed between the metal atom and the two carbon atoms by two C-pz electrons with two d or two sd-hybridized orbital electrons of the transition metal atom. Specially, the two covalent bonds are almost identical by two sd-hybridized orbital electrons, but the two bonds should show significant differences by two d-orbital electrons. Three covalent bonds formed between three carbon atoms and one sd2-hybridized Ti atom are observed on the graphyne/Ti (0001) interface. In addition to the existing sp and sp2 hybridizations, the carbon atom may show the sp3 hybridization after graphyne adsorbs on some metals. These research results are obtained through a comprehensive analysis of the adsorption configuration, the differential charge density, and the projected of states from the first-principles calculations in the present study. Except for the existing sp and sp2 hybridizations, the carbon shows the sp3 hybridization after graphyne adsorbs on Ti surface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 110016 Shenyang
- China
| | - Shenghui Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science
- Institute of Metal Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- 110016 Shenyang
- China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- 110016 Shenyang
- China
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80
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Sun PF, Wang WL, Zhao X, Dang JS. Defective h-BN sheet embedded atomic metals as highly active and selective electrocatalysts for NH3 fabrication via NO reduction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22627-22634. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The VB-containing defective h-BN sheet is proved to be a feasible support for atomic transition-metal anchoring. In particular, we found the Cu@h-BN and Ni@h-BN are highly active and selective catalysts for NO electro-reduction to generate NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
| | - Wen-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi’an Jiaotong University
- Xi’an 710049
- China
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
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81
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Petrović M, Hoegen MHV, Meyer Zu Heringdorf FJ. Equilibrium shape of single-layer hexagonal boron nitride islands on iridium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19553. [PMID: 31863003 PMCID: PMC6925269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Large, high-quality layers of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are a prerequisite for further advancement in scientific investigation and technological utilization of this exceptional 2D material. Here we address this demand by investigating chemical vapor deposition synthesis of hBN on an Ir(111) substrate, and focus on the substrate morphology, more specifically mono-atomic steps that are always present on all catalytic surfaces of practical use. From low-energy electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy data, we are able to set up an extended Wulff construction scheme and provide a clear elaboration of different interactions governing the equilibrium shapes of the growing hBN islands that deviate from the idealistic triangular form. Most importantly, intrinsic hBN edge energy and interaction with the iridium step edges are examined separately, revealing in such way the importance of substrate step morphology for the island structure and the overall quality of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Petrović
- Faculty of Physics and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, D-47057, Duisburg, Germany. .,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Michael Horn-von Hoegen
- Faculty of Physics and CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, D-47057, Duisburg, Germany
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82
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Zhou S, Yang X, Xu X, Dou SX, Du Y, Zhao J. Boron Nitride Nanotubes for Ammonia Synthesis: Activation by Filling Transition Metals. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:308-317. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Yi Du
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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83
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Stagi L, Ren J, Innocenzi P. From 2-D to 0-D Boron Nitride Materials, The Next Challenge. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3905. [PMID: 31779207 PMCID: PMC6926581 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of graphene has paved the way for intense research into 2D materials which is expected to have a tremendous impact on our knowledge of material properties in small dimensions. Among other materials, boron nitride (BN) nanomaterials have shown remarkable features with the possibility of being used in a large variety of devices. Photonics, aerospace, and medicine are just some of the possible fields where BN has been successfully employed. Poor scalability represents, however, a primary limit of boron nitride. Techniques to limit the number of defects, obtaining large area sheets and the production of significant amounts of homogenous 2D materials are still at an early stage. In most cases, the synthesis process governs defect formation. It is of utmost importance, therefore, to achieve a deep understanding of the mechanism behind the creation of these defects. We reviewed some of the most recent studies on 2D and 0D boron nitride materials. Starting with the theoretical works which describe the correlations between structure and defects, we critically described the main BN synthesis routes and the properties of the final materials. The main results are summarized to present a general outlook on the current state of the art in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Plinio Innocenzi
- Laboratorio di Scienza dei Materiali e Nanotecnologie, CR-INSTM, Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (L.S.); (J.R.)
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84
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Düll F, Meusel M, Späth F, Schötz S, Bauer U, Bachmann P, Steinhauer J, Steinrück HP, Bayer A, Papp C. Growth and stability of Pt nanoclusters from 1 to 50 atoms on h-BN/Rh(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21287-21295. [PMID: 31549113 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04095a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The h-BN nanomesh on Rh(111) is used as eggbox-like template for the formation of arrays of Pt nanoclusters with a narrow size distribution. Nanoclusters with sizes from 1 up to 50 atoms are prepared simultaneously in a wedge-like structure by depositing a coverage gradient on the h-BN nanomesh, and thus can be investigated under identical conditions. We studied the preparation and properties of these Pt nanoclusters of different size in situ by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. For a Pt coverage of 0.1 ML, all pores of the h-BN nanomesh are filled with nanoclusters with a remarkably uniform cluster size of ≈12 Pt atoms per pore, and high stability up to 400 K. Above 0.2 ML Pt, the clusters are less stable. The coverage dependent analysis shows that for Pt coverages below 0.1 ML, the number of nanoclusters is smaller - and the number of empty pores higher - than expected for a simple hit and stick mechanism. We assign this behavior to an initially higher mobility of the Pt atoms in a hot precursor state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Meusel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Florian Späth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Simon Schötz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Udo Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Bayer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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85
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Zhang X, Wang S. First-principles investigation of the microscopic mechanism of the physical and chemical mixed adsorption of graphene on metal surfaces. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32712-32720. [PMID: 35529730 PMCID: PMC9073148 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding energy, bond length, projected density of states and differential charge density of graphene-metal interfaces are investigated using a first-principles method in which a single layer graphene is adsorbed on the low-index metal surfaces such as the (111), (110) and (100) surfaces. The bond length results show the graphene sheet has a different degree of buckling after graphene is adsorbed on the (110) and (100) surfaces of metals. The projected density of states and the differential charge density results confirm the adsorption of graphene on the Ni(111), Co(111), Ni(110), Co(110) and Cu(110) surfaces is chemisorption due to the strong orbital coupling effect and the obvious charge accumulation between the carbon and metal atoms, while the adsorption of graphene on the Cu(111) surface is physical adsorption owing to the absence of the orbital coupling effect and the charge accumulation between the carbon and Cu atoms. Interestingly, the adsorption of graphene on the (100) surface of Ni, Co and Cu is all physical and chemical mixed adsorption because there are the strong orbital coupling effect and the apparent charge accumulation between the carbon and metal atoms in some parts of these surfaces while there are almost no orbital coupling effects and charge accumulation between the carbon and metal atoms in other parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences 110016 Shenyang Liaoning China .,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China 110016 Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences 110016 Shenyang Liaoning China
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86
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Hemmi A, Cun H, Tocci G, Epprecht A, Stel B, Lingenfelder M, de Lima LH, Muntwiler M, Osterwalder J, Iannuzzi M, Greber T. Catalyst Proximity-Induced Functionalization of h-BN with Quat Derivatives. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:5998-6004. [PMID: 31408608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inert single-layer boron nitride (h-BN) grown on a catalytic metal may be functionalized with quaternary ammonium compounds (quats) that are widely used as nonreactive electrolytes. We observe that the quat treatment, which facilitates the electrochemical transfer of two-dimensional materials, involves a decomposition of quat ions and leads to covalently bound quat derivatives on top of the 2D layer. Applying tetraoctylammonium and h-BN on rhodium, the reaction product is top-alkylized h-BN as identified with high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The alkyl chains are homogeneously distributed across the surface, and the properties thereof are well-tunable by the choice of different quats. The functionalization further weakens the 2D material-substrate interaction and promotes easy transfer. Therefore, the functionalization scheme that is presented enables the design of 2D materials with tailored properties and with the freedom to position and orient them as required. The mechanism of this functionalization route is investigated with density functional theory calculations, and we identify the proximity of the catalytic metal substrate to alter the chemical reactivity of otherwise inert h-BN layers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis Henrique de Lima
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC , 09210-580 , Santo André , Brazil
| | - Matthias Muntwiler
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI , Switzerland
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87
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Xie SY, Wang Y, Li XB. Flat Boron: A New Cousin of Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1900392. [PMID: 31206929 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical exfoliation of graphene from graphite provides the cornerstone for the synthesis of other 2D materials with layered bulk structures, such as hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and so on. However, the experimental production of 2D flat boron is challenging because bulk boron has very complex spatial structures and a rich variety of chemical properties. Therefore, the realization of 2D flat boron marks a milestone for the synthesis of 2D materials without layered bulk structures. The historical efforts in this field, particularly the most recent experimental progress, such as the growth of 2D flat boron on a metal substrate by chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy, or liquid exfoliation from bulk boron, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yi Xie
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yeliang Wang
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xian-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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88
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McLean B, Webber GB, Page AJ. Boron Nitride Nanotube Nucleation via Network Fusion during Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13385-13393. [PMID: 31387350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) first being synthesized in the 1990s, their nucleation mechanism remains unknown. Here we report nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations showing how BNNT cap structures form during Ni-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of ammonia borane. BN hexagonal ring networks are produced following the catalytic evolution of H2 from the CVD feedstock, the formation and polymerization of B-N chain structures, and the repeated cleavage of homoelemental B-B/N-N bonds by the catalyst surface. Defect-free BNNT cap structures then form perpendicular to the catalyst surface via direct fusion of adjacent BN networks. This BNNT network fusion mechanism is a marked deviation from the established mechanism for carbon nanotube nucleation during CVD and potentially explains why CVD-synthesized BNNTs are frequently observed having sharper tips and wider diameters compared to CVD-synthesized carbon nanotubes.
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89
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Defective graphene domains in boron nitride sheets. J Mol Model 2019; 25:230. [PMID: 31324988 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel two-dimensional materials have emerged as hybrid structures that combine graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) domains. During their growth process, structural defects such as vacancies and change of atoms connectivity are unavoidable. In the present study, we use first-principle calculations to investigate the electronic structure of graphene domains endowed with a single carbon atom vacancy or Stone-Wales defects in h-BN sheets. The results show that both kinds of defects yield localized states within the bandgap. Alongside this change in the bandgap configuration, it occurs a splitting of the spin channels in such a way that electrons with up and down spins populate different energy levels above and below the Fermi level, respectively. Such a spin arrangement is associated to lattice magnetization. Stone-Wales defects solely point to the appearance of new intragap levels. These results demonstrated that vacancies could significantly affect the electronic properties of hybrid graphene/h-BN sheets. Graphical Abstract A Boron-Nitride sheet doped with a vacancy endowed Carbon domain.
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90
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Liu ZQ, Dong J, Ding F. The geometry of hexagonal boron nitride clusters in the initial stages of chemical vapor deposition growth on a Cu(111) surface. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:13366-13376. [PMID: 31273364 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02404b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand the nucleation process in the growth of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) on transition metal substrates by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the energy of formation and stability of h-BN clusters of different geometries on a pristine Cu(111) surface were systematically investigated using density functional theory calculations. We find that unlike carbon clusters, h-BN clusters on Cu supports can undergo two possible transformations of the minimum-energy structure at a critical size of 13. Different from freestanding h-BN clusters, on a Cu(111) surface, h-BN chains are more stable than h-BN rings and thus dominate the minimum-energy structure for cluster sizes lower than the critical size. Thus, depending on the experimental conditions of CVD, one-dimensional Bn-1Nn (N-rich environment) or BnNn-1 (B-rich) chains are first created, and they transform to two-dimensional sp2 networks or h-BN islands, but for a BnNn chain, the transformation to a two-dimensional sp2 network h-BN island does not occur. In contrast to carbon islands where pentagons are readily formed, odd-membered rings are extremely rare in h-BN islands, where the transformation to the most stable structure occurs through a combination of trapeziums and hexagons at the edges, so as to avoid B-B and N-N bonds. Moreover, on a Cu(111) surface, trapeziums are destabilized when the four edges are connected to other hexagons because of additional curvature energy, thus favoring the nucleation of planar nuclei. A deep insight into h-BN cluster formation on a Cu support is vital to understanding the growth mechanism of h-BN on a transition metal surface in CVD experiments to further improve experimental designs in the CVD growth of h-BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qiang Liu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea and College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Jichen Dong
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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91
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Study of the stability and electronic properties of h-BN nanoribbons with reconstructed edges. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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92
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Sharma BB, Parashar A. Atomistic simulations to study the effect of grain boundaries and hydrogen functionalization on the fracture toughness of bi-crystalline h-BN nanosheets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13116-13125. [PMID: 31169285 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research article was to investigate the effect of grain boundaries (GBs), and hydrogen functionalisation on the fracture toughness of bi-crystalline hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets. Molecular dynamics based simulations were performed in conjunction with the reactive force field to study the crack tip behaviour in single and bi-crystalline h-BN nanosheets. Atomistic simulations help in predicting a positive effect of the GB plane in the near vicinity of the crack tip. The density of 5|7 dislocation pairs significantly affects the fracture behaviour of bi-crystalline h-BN nanosheets. Additionally, the distance of the GB plane from the crack tip, and limited hydrogen functionalisation of GB atoms, further help in improving the fracture toughness of bi-crystalline h-BN nanosheets. Hydrogen functionalisation helps in inducing out of plane displacement at the GB plane, which helps in arresting or retarding the crack propagation. It can be concluded from the results that instead of deteriorating, geometrical defects such as GBs can also be used to tailor the fracture toughness of h-BN nanosheets. This study on the fracture toughness of bi-crystalline h-BN nanosheets helps in complementing the research on using porous h-BN nanosheets as nanomembranes for water desalination and ion separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhushan Sharma
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.
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93
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He L, Wang H, Chen L, Wang X, Xie H, Jiang C, Li C, Elibol K, Meyer J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Wu Z, Wang W, Ni Z, Miao X, Zhang C, Zhang D, Wang H, Xie X. Isolating hydrogen in hexagonal boron nitride bubbles by a plasma treatment. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2815. [PMID: 31249298 PMCID: PMC6597567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is often regarded as an elastic film that is impermeable to gases. The high stabilities in thermal and chemical properties allow h-BN to serve as a gas barrier under extreme conditions. Here, we demonstrate the isolation of hydrogen in bubbles of h-BN via plasma treatment. Detailed characterizations reveal that the substrates do not show chemical change after treatment. The bubbles are found to withstand thermal treatment in air, even at 800 °C. Scanning transmission electron microscopy investigation shows that the h-BN multilayer has a unique aligned porous stacking nature, which is essential for the character of being transparent to atomic hydrogen but impermeable to hydrogen molecules. In addition, we successfully demonstrated the extraction of hydrogen gases from gaseous compounds or mixtures containing hydrogen element. The successful production of hydrogen bubbles on h-BN flakes has potential for further application in nano/micro-electromechanical systems and hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - Huishan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lingxiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University Antwerpen, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kenan Elibol
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Wien, Austria
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jannik Meyer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090, Wien, Austria
- Institute for Applied Physics and Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Zhangting Wu
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, 211189, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangshui Miao
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoli Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Haomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, 200050, Shanghai, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), 200050, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yueyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China
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94
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Steiner D, Mittendorfer F, Bertel E. Quasiliquid Layer Promotes Hexagonal Boron Nitride (h-BN) Single-Domain Growth: h-BN on Pt(110). ACS NANO 2019; 13:7083-7090. [PMID: 31184857 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayers were grown on Pt(110) using borazine as a precursor molecule. The resulting surface structure was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. Borazine fragments reduce the roughening temperature of pristine Pt(110) ( Tr = 1090 K); consequently, growth below T = 1100 K results in a serrated h-BN/Pt(110) surface with small terraces, defects, and domain boundaries. Surprisingly, h-BN deposition at T > 1100 K yields large terraces covered by a carpet-like single-domain h-BN monolayer. Despite the incommensurability and different symmetry, the epitaxial growth is almost perfect. The key to this counterintuitive behavior is the "soft" Pt(110) surface responding to the h-BN overlayer in two ways: First, the (1 × 2)-missing-row (m.r.) reconstruction is converted into a (1 × n)-m.r. reconstruction with a regular alternation of n = 5 and 6, yielding a superperiodicity of the Moiré pattern. Second, the remaining rows experience significant relaxations. Some Pt surface atoms are mobile underneath the h-BN monolayer, even at room temperature. Under growth conditions, the top metal layer is disordered and highly mobile, rendering the h-BN growth comparable to that on liquid gold. Such a mechanism may be of general relevance for the epitaxial growth of 2D materials. Because epitaxial deposition of Pt(110) on various substrates has been demonstrated, the present system appears scalable, and its regular 1D grooves render it a promising template for nanowire arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Steiner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Universität Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Florian Mittendorfer
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science , Vienna University of Technology , 1040 Vienna , Austria
| | - Erminald Bertel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Universität Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
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95
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Elias C, Valvin P, Pelini T, Summerfield A, Mellor CJ, Cheng TS, Eaves L, Foxon CT, Beton PH, Novikov SV, Gil B, Cassabois G. Direct band-gap crossover in epitaxial monolayer boron nitride. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2639. [PMID: 31201328 PMCID: PMC6572751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride is a large band-gap insulating material which complements the electronic and optical properties of graphene and the transition metal dichalcogenides. However, the intrinsic optical properties of monolayer boron nitride remain largely unexplored. In particular, the theoretically expected crossover to a direct-gap in the limit of the single monolayer is presently not confirmed experimentally. Here, in contrast to the technique of exfoliating few-layer 2D hexagonal boron nitride, we exploit the scalable approach of high-temperature molecular beam epitaxy to grow high-quality monolayer boron nitride on graphite substrates. We combine deep-ultraviolet photoluminescence and reflectance spectroscopy with atomic force microscopy to reveal the presence of a direct gap of energy 6.1 eV in the single atomic layers, thus confirming a crossover to direct gap in the monolayer limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elias
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - P Valvin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - T Pelini
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - A Summerfield
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - C J Mellor
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - T S Cheng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - L Eaves
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - C T Foxon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - P H Beton
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S V Novikov
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - B Gil
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - G Cassabois
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, UMR5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France.
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96
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Li X, Yong X, Wu M, Lu S, Liu H, Meng S, Tse JS, Li Y. Hard BN Clathrate Superconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2554-2560. [PMID: 31046286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The search for hard superconductive materials has attracted a great deal of attention due to their fundamentally interesting properties and potentially practical applications. Here we predict a new class of materials based on sodalite-like BN frameworks, X(BN)6, where X = Al, Si, Cl, etc. Our simulations reveal that these materials could achieve high superconducting critical temperatures ( Tc) and high hardness. Electron-phonon calculations indicate that Tc of these compounds varies with the doping element. For example, the superconducting Tc of sodalite-like Al(BN)6 is predicted to reach ∼47 K, which is higher than that in the renowned MgB2 (39 K). This phase and a series of other sodalite-based superconductors are predicted to be metastable phases but are dynamically stable as well. These doped sodalite-based structures are likely to become recoverable as potentially useful superconductors with high hardness. Our current results present a new strategy for searching for hard high- Tc materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials & Innovation Center for Computational Physics Methods and Software, College of Physics , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , China
| | - Xue Yong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Road , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Siyu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , 100 Kexue Road , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Hanyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials & Innovation Center for Computational Physics Methods and Software, College of Physics , Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130012 , China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - John S Tse
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan S7N 5E2 , Canada
| | - Yinwei Li
- Laboratory of Quantum Materials Design and Application, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou 221116 , China
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97
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Zhang YQ, Paintner T, Hellwig R, Haag F, Allegretti F, Feulner P, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Seitsonen AP, Barth JV, Klappenberger F. Synthesizing Highly Regular Single-Layer Alkynyl–Silver Networks at the Micrometer Scale via Gas-Mediated Surface Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5087-5091. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qi Zhang
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Paintner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Raphael Hellwig
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- IPCMS-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue de Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ari P. Seitsonen
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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98
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Halle J, Néel N, Kröger J. Tailoring Intercalant Assemblies at the Graphene-Metal Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2554-2560. [PMID: 30665296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of graphene on the assembly of intercalated material is studied using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Intercalation of Pt under monolayer graphene on Pt(111) induces a substrate reconstruction that is qualitatively different from the lattice rearrangement induced by metal deposition on Pt(111) and, specifically, the homoepitaxy of Pt. Alkali metals Cs and Li are used as intercalants for monolayer and bilayer graphene on Ru(0001). Atomically resolved topographic data reveal that at elevated alkali metal coverage (2 × 2)Cs and (1 × 1)Li intercalant structures form with respect to the graphene lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Halle
- Institut für Physik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Nicolas Néel
- Institut für Physik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau , Germany
| | - Jörg Kröger
- Institut für Physik , Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau , Germany
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99
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Martínez-Galera AJ, Gómez-Rodríguez JM. Pseudo-ordered distribution of Ir nanocrystals on h-BN. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2317-2325. [PMID: 30662984 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A 2D material consisting of a pseudo-ordered distribution of Ir nanocrystals supported on a h-BN/Rh(111) surface is presented here. The particular spatial distribution of the Ir nanoparticles is achieved thanks to the existence of a large variety of adsorption positions within the pores of the h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh template with hexagonal symmetry. The resulting deviations of nanoparticle positions with respect to a perfect hexagonal lattice, which make this material of special interest in the field of optics, can be tuned by the temperature and the amount of Ir. Upon annealing, this material undergoes slight structural changes in the temperature range of 370-570 K and much more drastic ones, due to cluster coalescence, between 670 and 770 K. This relatively high onset of coalescence is encouraging for using this 2D material as a catalyst for reactions such as the oxidation of carbon monoxide or of nitrogen monoxide, which are especially relevant in the field of environmental science. Finally, metal nanostructures exhibiting regular geometries have been created from this material using a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Because of the insulating character of h-BN, these nanostructures could be very promising to use in the design of conductive nanotracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Martínez-Galera
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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100
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Li Y, Garnier V, Journet C, Barjon J, Loiseau A, Stenger I, Plaud A, Toury B, Steyer P. Advanced synthesis of highly crystallized hexagonal boron nitride by coupling polymer-derived ceramics and spark plasma sintering processes-influence of the crystallization promoter and sintering temperature. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:035604. [PMID: 30452387 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaebb4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are promising 2D materials due to their exceptional chemical and thermal stabilities together with their electrical insulation properties. A combined synthesis method involving the polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) route and the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process is proposed, leading to well-crystallized and pure layered h-BN crystals, prone to be exfoliated into large BNNSs. Here we focus more specifically on the influence of two key parameters of the process to be optimized: the Li3N concentration (0-10 wt%) and the SPS temperature (1200 °C-1950 °C). The presence of Li3N, added as crystal promoter in the pre-ceramic powder, significantly improves the crystallinity level of the product, as evidenced by XRD, SEM and Raman spectrometry. SPS temperature strongly modifies the size of the resulting h-BN flakes. The influence of SPS temperature on both purity and crystallinity is studied using cathodoluminescence. h-BN flakes larger than 200 μm2 (average flake area) are obtained. Few-layered BNNSs are successfully isolated, through exfoliation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangdi Li
- Univ. Lyon, INSA-Lyon, MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, 7 Avenue Jean Capelle, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France. Univ. Lyon, Université Lyon 1, LMI, UMR CNRS 5615, 6 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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