51
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Raut P, Weller SR, Obeng B, Soos BL, West BE, Potts CM, Sangroula S, Kinney MS, Burnell JE, King BL, Gosse JA, Hess ST. Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) reduces zebrafish mortality from influenza infection: Super-resolution microscopy reveals CPC interference with multiple protein interactions with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in immune function. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 440:115913. [PMID: 35149080 PMCID: PMC8824711 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raises significance for a potential influenza therapeutic compound, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), which has been extensively used in personal care products as a positively-charged quaternary ammonium antibacterial agent. CPC is currently in clinical trials to assess its effects on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) morbidity. Two published studies have provided mouse and human data indicating that CPC may alleviate influenza infection, and here we show that CPC (0.1 μM, 1 h) reduces zebrafish mortality and viral load following influenza infection. However, CPC mechanisms of action upon viral-host cell interaction are currently unknown. We have utilized super-resolution fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy to probe the mode of CPC action. Reduction in density of influenza viral protein hemagglutinin (HA) clusters is known to reduce influenza infectivity: here, we show that CPC (at non-cytotoxic doses, 5-10 μM) reduces HA density and number of HA molecules per cluster within the plasma membrane of NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts. HA is known to colocalize with the negatively-charged mammalian lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2); here, we show that nanoscale co-localization of HA with the PIP2-binding Pleckstrin homology (PH) reporter in the plasma membrane is diminished by CPC. CPC also dramatically displaces the PIP2-binding protein myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) from the plasma membrane of rat RBL-2H3 mast cells; this disruption of PIP2 is correlated with inhibition of mast cell degranulation. Together, these findings offer a PIP2-focused mechanism underlying CPC disruption of influenza and suggest potential pharmacological use of this drug as an influenza therapeutic to reduce global deaths from viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Raut
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Sasha R Weller
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Bright Obeng
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Brandy L Soos
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Bailey E West
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Christian M Potts
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Suraj Sangroula
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Marissa S Kinney
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - John E Burnell
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Julie A Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Samuel T Hess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
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52
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Functional diversity in the RAS subfamily of small GTPases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:921-933. [PMID: 35356965 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RAS small GTPases regulate important signalling pathways and are notorious drivers of cancer development and progression. While most research to date has focused on understanding and addressing the oncogenic potential of three RAS oncogenes: HRAS, KRAS, and NRAS; the full RAS subfamily is composed of 35 related GTPases with diverse cellular functions. Most remain deeply understudied despite strong evolutionary conservation. Here, we highlight a group of 17 poorly characterized RAS GTPases that are frequently down-regulated in cancer and evidence suggests may function not as oncogenes, but as tumour suppressors. These GTPases remain largely enigmatic in terms of their cellular function, regulation, and interaction with effector proteins. They cluster within two families we designate as 'distal-RAS' (D-RAS; comprised of DIRAS, RASD, and RASL10) and 'CaaX-Less RAS' (CL-RAS; comprised of RGK, NKIRAS, RERG, and RASL11/12 GTPases). Evidence of a tumour suppressive role for many of these GTPases supports the premise that RAS subfamily proteins may collectively regulate cellular proliferation.
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53
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Tae H, Park S, Kim SO, Yorulmaz Avsar S, Cho NJ. Selective Recognition of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Receptors by C-Terminal Tail of Mitotic Kinesin-like Protein 2 (MKlp2). J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2345-2352. [PMID: 35316051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKlp2) plays a key role in the proper completion of cytokinetic abscission. Specifically, the C-terminal tail of MKlp2 (CTM peptides) offers a stable tethering on the plasma membrane and microtubule cytoskeleton in the midbody during abscission. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of how the CTM peptides bind to the plasma membrane of the intercellular bridge. Herein, we identify the specific molecular interaction between the CTM peptides and phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) receptors using quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation and atomic force microscopy force spectroscopic measurements. To systematically examine the effects of amino acids, we designed a series of synthetic 33-mer peptides derived from the wild-type (CTM1). First, we evaluated the peptide binding amount caused by electrostatic interactions based on 100% zwitterionic and 30% negatively charged model membranes, whereby the nonspecific attractions were nearly proportional to the net charge of peptides. Upon incubating with PIP-containing model membranes, the wild-type CTM1 and its truncated mutation showed significant PI(3)P-specific binding, which was evidenced by a 15-fold higher binding mass and 6-fold stronger adhesion force compared to other negatively charged membranes. The extent of the specific binding was predominantly dependent on the existence of S21, whereby substitution or deletion of S21 significantly hindered the binding affinity. Taken together, our findings based on a correlative measurement platform enabled the quantification of the nonelectrostatic, selective binding interactions of the C-terminal of MKlp2 to certain PIP receptors and contributed to understanding the molecular mechanisms on complete cytokinetic abscission in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhyuk Tae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Soohyun Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Seong-Oh Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Saziye Yorulmaz Avsar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Nam-Joon Cho
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore.,China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute (CSIJRI), Guangzhou 510000, China
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54
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Ge L, Li L, Wu B, Wang J. Biochemical and NMR studies reveal specific interaction between STIMATE C-tail and PI(4,5)P 2 or PI(3,4,5)P 3-containing membrane. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 597:16-22. [PMID: 35121178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STIMATE is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident membrane protein that plays key roles in regulating calcium signaling occurring at ER-plasma membrane (PM) junctions. It is also involved in the regulation of ER-PM junction maintenance. STIMATE contains multiple putative transmembrane domains with a polybasic C tail (STIMATE-CT) that directly interacts with stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) to promote STIM1 conformational switch. Here using liposome pulldown assay, we show that STIMATE-CT can specifically interact with PI(4,5)P2 or PI(3,4,5)P3-containing membrane. NMR analysis indicates that STIMATE-CT is intrinsically disordered. Furthermore, NMR titration with bicelles and mutation analysis reveal that the regions of 242VRYR245 and 284KKKK287 in STIMATE-CT are both essential for its membrane binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxu Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Youjia Zhang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Liang Ge
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China
| | - Ling Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China.
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China.
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55
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Nath AS, Parsons BD, Makdissi S, Chilvers RL, Mu Y, Weaver CM, Euodia I, Fitze KA, Long J, Scur M, Mackenzie DP, Makrigiannis AP, Pichaud N, Boudreau LH, Simmonds AJ, Webber CA, Derfalvi B, Hammon Y, Rachubinski RA, Di Cara F. Modulation of the cell membrane lipid milieu by peroxisomal β-oxidation induces Rho1 signaling to trigger inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110433. [PMID: 35235794 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, signal transduction, and inflammatory responses require changes in lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes have key roles in fatty acid homeostasis and in regulating immune function. We find that Drosophila macrophages lacking peroxisomes have perturbed lipid profiles, which reduce host survival after infection. Using lipidomic, transcriptomic, and genetic screens, we determine that peroxisomes contribute to the cell membrane glycerophospholipid composition necessary to induce Rho1-dependent signals, which drive cytoskeletal remodeling during macrophage activation. Loss of peroxisome function increases membrane phosphatidic acid (PA) and recruits RhoGAPp190 during infection, inhibiting Rho1-mediated responses. Peroxisome-glycerophospholipid-Rho1 signaling also controls cytoskeleton remodeling in mouse immune cells. While high levels of PA in cells without peroxisomes inhibit inflammatory phenotypes, large numbers of peroxisomes and low amounts of cell membrane PA are features of immune cells from patients with inflammatory Kawasaki disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Our findings reveal potential metabolic markers and therapeutic targets for immune diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu S Nath
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Brendon D Parsons
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Makdissi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Chilvers
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yizhu Mu
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Ceileigh M Weaver
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Katherine A Fitze
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Juyang Long
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Duncan P Mackenzie
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Christine A Webber
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Beata Derfalvi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yannick Hammon
- INSERM au Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | | | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada; Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
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56
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Yerramilli VS, Ross AH, Scarlata S, Gericke A. IQGAP1 scaffolding links phosphoinositide kinases to cytoskeletal reorganization. Biophys J 2022; 121:793-807. [PMID: 35077666 PMCID: PMC8943696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multidomain scaffold protein that coordinates the direction and impact of multiple signaling pathways by scaffolding its various binding partners. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of IQGAP1 scaffolding remains unclear. Here, we use fluorescence imaging and correlation methods that allow for real-time live-cell changes in IQGAP1 localization and complex formation during signaling. We find that IQGAP1 and PIPKIγ interact on both the plasma membrane and in cytosol. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which can initiate cytoskeletal changes, drives the movement of the cytosolic pool toward the plasma membrane to promote cytoskeletal changes. We also observe that a significant population of cytosolic IQGAP1-PIPKIγ complexes localize to early endosomes, and in some instances form aggregated clusters which become highly mobile upon EGF stimulation. Our imaging studies show that PIPKIγ and PI3K bind simultaneously to IQGAP1, which may accelerate conversion of PI4P to PI(3,4,5)P3 that is required for cytoskeletal changes. Additionally, we find that IQGAP1 is responsible for PIPKIγ association with two proteins associated with cytoskeletal changes, talin and Cdc42, during EGF stimulation. These results directly show that IQGAP1 provides a physical link between phosphoinositides (through PIPKIγ), focal adhesion formation (through talin), and cytoskeletal reorganization (through Cdc42) upon EGF stimulation. Taken together, our results support the importance of IQGAP1 in regulating cell migration by linking phosphoinositide lipid signaling with cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Siddartha Yerramilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alonzo H. Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Arne Gericke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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57
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Maltan L, Andova AM, Derler I. The Role of Lipids in CRAC Channel Function. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030352. [PMID: 35327543 PMCID: PMC8944985 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and dynamics of the lipid membrane define the physical properties of the bilayer and consequently affect the function of the incorporated membrane transporters, which also applies for the prominent Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ ion channel (CRAC). This channel is activated by receptor-induced Ca2+ store depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and consists of two transmembrane proteins, STIM1 and Orai1. STIM1 is anchored in the ER membrane and senses changes in the ER luminal Ca2+ concentration. Orai1 is the Ca2+-selective, pore-forming CRAC channel component located in the plasma membrane (PM). Ca2+ store-depletion of the ER triggers activation of STIM1 proteins, which subsequently leads to a conformational change and oligomerization of STIM1 and its coupling to as well as activation of Orai1 channels at the ER-PM contact sites. Although STIM1 and Orai1 are sufficient for CRAC channel activation, their efficient activation and deactivation is fine-tuned by a variety of lipids and lipid- and/or ER-PM junction-dependent accessory proteins. The underlying mechanisms for lipid-mediated CRAC channel modulation as well as the still open questions, are presented in this review.
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58
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Henry C, Carreras-Sureda A, Demaurex N. Enforced tethering elongates the cortical endoplasmic reticulum and limits store-operated calcium entry. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274483. [PMID: 35191477 PMCID: PMC8995094 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of STIM proteins to cortical endoplasmic reticulum (cER) domains forming membrane contact sites (MCSs) mediate the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) pathway essential for human immunity. The cER is dynamically regulated by STIM and tethering proteins during SOCE, but the ultrastructural rearrangement and functional consequences of cER remodeling are unknown. Here, we express natural (E-Syt1 and E-Syt2) and artificial (MAPPER-S and MAPPER-L) protein tethers in HEK-293T cells and correlate the changes in cER length and gap distance, as measured by electron microscopy, with ionic fluxes. We found that native cER cisternae extended during store depletion and remained elongated at a constant ER-plasma membrane (PM) gap distance during subsequent Ca2+ elevations. Tethering proteins enhanced store-dependent cER expansion, anchoring the enlarged cER at tether-specific gap distances of 12-15 nm (E-Syts) and 5-9 nm (MAPPERs). Cells with artificially extended cER had reduced SOCE and reduced agonist-induced Ca2+ release. SOCE remained modulated by calmodulin and exhibited enhanced Ca2+-dependent inhibition. We propose that cER expansion mediated by ER-PM tethering at a close distance negatively regulates SOCE by confining STIM-ORAI complexes to the periphery of enlarged cER sheets, a process that might participate in the termination of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Summary: ER-PM tethering at close distance limits Ca2+ entry by confining STIM-ORAI complexes to the periphery of contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Henry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
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59
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Abstract
In this review, I provide a brief history of the discovery of RAS and the GAPs and GEFs that regulate its activity from a personal perspective. Much of this history has been driven by technological breakthroughs that occurred concurrently, such as molecular cloning, cDNA expression to analyze RAS proteins and their structures, and application of PCR to detect mutations. I discuss the RAS superfamily and RAS proteins as therapeutic targets, including recent advances in developing RAS inhibitors. I also describe the role of the RAS Initiative at Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in advancing development of RAS inhibitors and providing new insights into signaling complexes and interaction of RAS proteins with the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States.
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60
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Doumane M, Caillaud MC, Jaillais Y. Experimental manipulation of phosphoinositide lipids: from cells to organisms. Trends Cell Biol 2022; 32:445-461. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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61
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Ochmann SE, Schröder T, Schulz CM, Tinnefeld P. Quantitative Single-Molecule Measurements of Membrane Charges with DNA Origami Sensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2633-2640. [PMID: 35089694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charges in lipid head groups generate electrical surface potentials at cell membranes, and changes in their composition are involved in various signaling pathways, such as T-cell activation or apoptosis. Here, we present a DNA origami-based sensor for membrane surface charges with a quantitative fluorescence read-out of single molecules. A DNA origami plate is equipped with modifications for specific membrane targeting, surface immobilization, and an anionic sensing unit consisting of single-stranded DNA and the dye ATTO542. This unit is anchored to a lipid membrane by the dye ATTO647N, and conformational changes of the sensing unit in response to surface charges are read out by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the two dyes. We test the performance of our sensor with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy by exposing it to differently charged large unilamellar vesicles. We achieve a change in energy transfer of ∼10% points between uncharged and highly charged membranes and demonstrate a quantitative relation between the surface charge and the energy transfer. Further, with autocorrelation analyses of confocal data, we unravel the working principle of our sensor that is switching dynamically between a membrane-bound state and an unbound state on the timescale of 1-10 ms. Our study introduces a complementary sensing system for membrane surface charges to previously published genetically encoded sensors. Additionally, the single-molecule read-out enables investigations of lipid membranes on the nanoscale with a high spatial resolution circumventing ensemble averaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ochmann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Clara M Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
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62
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Raut P, Waters H, Zimmberberg J, Obeng B, Gosse J, Hess ST. Localization-Based Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Relationship between SARS-CoV2 Spike and Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 11965:1196503. [PMID: 36051945 PMCID: PMC9432428 DOI: 10.1117/12.2613460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Localization microscopy circumvents the diffraction limit by identifying and measuring the positions of numerous subsets of individual fluorescent molecules, ultimately producing an image whose resolution depends on the uncertainty and density of localization, and whose capabilities are compatible with imaging living specimens. Spectral resolution can be improved by incorporating a dichroic or dispersive element in the detection path of a localization microscope, which can be useful for separation of multiple probes imaged simultaneously and for detection of changes in emission spectra of fluorophores resulting from changes in their environment. These methodological advances enable new biological applications, which in turn motivate new questions and technical innovations. As examples, we present fixed-cell imaging of the spike protein SARS-CoV2 (S) and its interactions with host cell components. Results show a relationship between S and the lipid phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). These findings have ramifications for several existing models of plasma membrane organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Raut
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709
| | - Hang Waters
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855
| | - Joshua Zimmberberg
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1855
| | - Bright Obeng
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Julie Gosse
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
| | - Samuel T. Hess
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5709
- corresponding author: ; phone 207 581-1036; fax 207 581-3410
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63
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Morovicz AP, Mazloumi Gavgani F, Jacobsen RG, Skuseth Slinning M, Turcu DC, Lewis AE. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in the nucleolus. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 83:100843. [PMID: 34920983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway plays key roles in many cellular processes and is altered in many diseases. The function and mode of action of the pathway have mostly been elucidated in the cytoplasm. However, many of the components of the PI3K pathway are also present in the nucleus at specific sub-nuclear sites including nuclear speckles, nuclear lipid islets and the nucleolus. Nucleoli are membrane-less subnuclear structures where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Processes leading to ribosome biogenesis are tightly regulated to maintain protein translation capacity of cells. This review focuses on nucleolar PI3K signalling and how it regulates rRNA synthesis, as well as on the identification of downstream phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)trisphosphate effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rhîan G Jacobsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Diana C Turcu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurélia E Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
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Sternberg H, Buriakovsky E, Bloch D, Gutman O, Henis YI, Yalovsky S. Formation of self-organizing functionally distinct Rho of plants domains involves a reduced mobile population. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2485-2508. [PMID: 34618086 PMCID: PMC8644358 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rho family proteins are central to the regulation of cell polarity in eukaryotes. Rho of Plants-Guanyl nucleotide Exchange Factor (ROPGEF) can form self-organizing polar domains following co-expression with an Rho of Plants (ROP) and an ROP GTPase-Activating Protein (ROPGAP). Localization of ROPs in these domains has not been demonstrated, and the mechanisms underlying domain formation and function are not well understood. Here we show that six different ROPs form self-organizing domains when co-expressed with ROPGEF3 and GAP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana or Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Domain formation was associated with ROP-ROPGEF3 association, reduced ROP mobility, as revealed by time-lapse imaging and Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching beam size analysis, and was independent of Rho GTP Dissociation Inhibitor mediated recycling. The domain formation depended on the ROPs' activation/inactivation cycles and interaction with anionic lipids via a C-terminal polybasic domain. Coexpression with the microtubule-associated protein ROP effector INTERACTOR OF CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE ROP 1 (ICR1) revealed differential function of the ROP domains in the ability to recruit ICR1. Taken together, the results reveal mechanisms underlying self-organizing ROP domain formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasana Sternberg
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ella Buriakovsky
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daria Bloch
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Orit Gutman
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yoav I Henis
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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65
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Saile SC, Ackermann FM, Sunil S, Keicher J, Bayless A, Bonardi V, Wan L, Doumane M, Stöbbe E, Jaillais Y, Caillaud MC, Dangl JL, Nishimura MT, Oecking C, El Kasmi F. Arabidopsis ADR1 helper NLR immune receptors localize and function at the plasma membrane in a phospholipid dependent manner. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2440-2456. [PMID: 34628646 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) results in immunity and a localized cell death. NLR cell death activity requires oligomerization and in some cases plasma membrane (PM) localization. The exact mechanisms underlying PM localization of NLRs lacking predicted transmembrane domains or recognizable lipidation motifs remain elusive. We used confocal microscopy, genetically encoded molecular tools and protein-lipid overlay assays to determine whether PM localization of members of the Arabidopsis HeLo-/RPW8-like domain 'helper' NLR (RNL) family is mediated by the interaction with negatively charged phospholipids of the PM. Our results show that PM localization and stability of some RNLs and one CC-type NLR (CNL) depend on the direct interaction with PM phospholipids. Depletion of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate from the PM led to a mis-localization of the analysed NLRs and consequently inhibited their cell death activity. We further demonstrate homo- and hetero-association of members of the RNL family. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of NLR localization and defines an important role of phospholipids for CNL and RNL PM localization and consequently, for their function. We propose that RNLs interact with anionic PM phospholipids and that RNL-mediated cell death and immune responses happen at the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja C Saile
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank M Ackermann
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sruthi Sunil
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Keicher
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adam Bayless
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1878, USA
| | - Vera Bonardi
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mehdi Doumane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69264, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Stöbbe
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69264, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69264, Lyon, France
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marc T Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1878, USA
| | - Claudia Oecking
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Farid El Kasmi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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66
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Yamaoka Y, Shin S, Lee Y, Ito M, Lee Y, Nishida I. Phosphatidylserine Is Required for the Normal Progression of Cell Plate Formation in Arabidopsis Root Meristems. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1396-1408. [PMID: 34115854 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is involved in various cellular processes in yeast and animals. However, PS functions in plants remain unclear. In Arabidopsis, PS is relatively enriched in flower and root tissues, and the genetic disturbance of PS biosynthesis in phosphatidylserine synthase1 (PSS1)/ pss1 heterozygotes induces sporophytic and gametophytic defects during pollen maturation. This study functionally characterized PS in Arabidopsis roots and observed that pss1 seedlings exhibited a short-root phenotype by reducing the meristem size and cell elongation capacity. Confocal microscopy imaging analyses of PS with GFP-LactC2 and the endocytic activity with FM 4-64 revealed that although GFP-LactC2 (or PS) was localized in the plasma membrane and endocytic membranes, the lack of PS in pss1 roots did not affect the constitutive endocytosis. Instead, a fluorescence imaging analysis of the cytokinetic phases in the dividing zone of pss1-2 roots revealed a significant delay in telophase progression, requiring active cargo vesicle trafficking for cell plate formation. Confocal microscopy imaging analysis of transgenic GFP-LactC2 root cells with developing cell plates indicated that GFP-LactC2 was localized at the cell plate. Moreover, confocal microscopy images of transgenic pss1-2 and PSS1 roots expressing the cell plate-specific syntaxin construct ProKNOLLE:eGFP-KNOLLE showed abnormal cell plate development in pss1-2ProKNOLLE:eGFP-KNOLLE roots. These results suggested that PS is required for root cytokinesis, possibly because it helps mediate the cargo vesicular trafficking required for cell plate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyo Yamaoka
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Shin
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuree Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikuo Nishida
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 255, Sakura-Ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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67
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Xia X, Wu W, Cui Y, Roy P, Zhou ZH. Bluetongue virus capsid protein VP5 perforates membranes at low endosomal pH during viral entry. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:1424-1432. [PMID: 34702979 PMCID: PMC9015746 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-021-00988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a non-enveloped virus and causes substantial morbidity and mortality in ruminants such as sheep. Fashioning a receptor-binding protein (VP2) and a membrane penetration protein (VP5) on the surface, BTV releases its genome-containing core (VP3 and VP7) into the host cell cytosol after perforation of the endosomal membrane. Unlike enveloped ones, the entry mechanisms of non-enveloped viruses into host cells remain poorly understood. Here we applied single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomography and structure-guided functional assays to characterize intermediate states of BTV cell entry in endosomes. Four structures of BTV at the resolution range of 3.4-3.9 Å show the different stages of structural rearrangement of capsid proteins on exposure to low pH, including conformational changes of VP5, stepwise detachment of VP2 and a small shift of VP7. In detail, sensing of the low-pH condition by the VP5 anchor domain triggers three major VP5 actions: projecting the hidden dagger domain, converting a surface loop to a protonated β-hairpin that anchors VP5 to the core and stepwise refolding of the unfurling domains into a six-helix stalk. Cryo-electron tomography structures of BTV interacting with liposomes show a length decrease of the VP5 stalk from 19.5 to 15.5 nm after its insertion into the membrane. Our structures, functional assays and structure-guided mutagenesis experiments combined indicate that this stalk, along with dagger domain and the WHXL motif, creates a single pore through the endosomal membrane that enables the viral core to enter the cytosol. Our study unveils the detailed mechanisms of BTV membrane penetration and showcases general methods to study cell entry of other non-enveloped viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weining Wu
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yanxiang Cui
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Polly Roy
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Z Hong Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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68
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Buwaneka P, Ralko A, Gorai S, Pham H, Cho W. Phosphoinositide-binding activity of Smad2 is essential for its function in TGF-β signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101303. [PMID: 34655614 PMCID: PMC8567202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central player in the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, Smad2 transmits the activation of TGF-β receptors at the plasma membrane (PM) to transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. Although it has been well established that binding of TGF-β to its receptors leads to the recruitment and activation of Smad2, the spatiotemporal mechanism by which Smad2 is recruited to the activated TGF-β receptor complex and activated is not fully understood. Here we show that Smad2 selectively and tightly binds phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in the PM. The PI(4,5)P2-binding site is located in the MH2 domain that is involved in interaction with the TGF-β receptor I that transduces TGF-β-receptor binding to downstream signaling proteins. Quantitative optical imaging analyses show that PM recruitment of Smad2 is triggered by its interaction with PI(4,5)P2 that is locally enriched near the activated TGF-β receptor complex, leading to its binding to the TGF-β receptor I. The PI(4,5)P2-binding activity of Smad2 is essential for the TGF-β-stimulated phosphorylation, nuclear transport, and transcriptional activity of Smad2. Structural comparison of all Smad MH2 domains suggests that membrane lipids may also interact with other Smad proteins and regulate their function in diverse TGF-β-mediated biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanthi Buwaneka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur Ralko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ha Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wonhwa Cho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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69
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Harada A, Matsumoto S, Yasumizu Y, Shojima K, Akama T, Eguchi H, Kikuchi A. Localization of KRAS downstream target ARL4C to invasive pseudopods accelerates pancreatic cancer cell invasion. eLife 2021; 10:66721. [PMID: 34590580 PMCID: PMC8598236 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to metastasis. Whereas KRAS is mutated in most pancreatic cancer patients, controlling KRAS or its downstream effectors has not been succeeded clinically. ARL4C is a small G protein whose expression is induced by the Wnt and EGF–RAS pathways. In the present study, we found that ARL4C is frequently overexpressed in pancreatic cancer patients and showed that its localization to invasive pseudopods is required for cancer cell invasion. IQGAP1 was identified as a novel interacting protein for ARL4C. ARL4C recruited IQGAP1 and its downstream effector, MMP14, to invasive pseudopods. Specific localization of ARL4C, IQGAP1, and MMP14 was the active site of invasion, which induced degradation of the extracellular matrix. Moreover, subcutaneously injected antisense oligonucleotide against ARL4C into tumor-bearing mice suppressed metastasis of pancreatic cancer. These results suggest that ARL4C–IQGAP1–MMP14 signaling is activated at invasive pseudopods of pancreatic cancer cells. Most cases of pancreatic cancer are detected in the later stages when they are difficult to treat and, as a result, survival is low. Over 90% of pancreatic cancers contain genetic changes that increase the activity of a protein called KRAS. This hyperactive KRAS drives cancer growth and progression. Attempts to treat pancreatic cancer using drugs that reduce the activity of KRAS have so far failed. The KRAS protein can accelerate growth in healthy cells as well as in cancer and it does this by activating various other proteins. Drugs that target some of these other proteins could be more effective at treating pancreatic cancer than the drugs that target KRAS. One of these potential targets is called ARL4C. ARL4C is active during fetal development, but it is often not present in adult tissues. Harada et al. investigated whether the protein is important in pancreatic cancer, and what other roles it has in the body, to better understand if it is a good target for cancer treatment. First, Harada et al. used cells grown in the lab to show that ARL4C contributes to the aggressive spread of human pancreatic cancers. Using mice, Harada et al. also showed that blocking the activity of ARL4C in pancreatic cancers helped to slow their progression. Harada et al.’s results suggest that ARL4C could be a good target for new drugs treating pancreatic cancers. Given that this protein does not seem to have important roles in the cells of adults, targeting it is unlikely to have major side effects. Further investigation of ARL4C in more human-like animal models will help to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akikazu Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasumizu
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, WPI Frontier Immunology Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kensaku Shojima
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Gene Expression Laboratory (GEL-B), Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, United States
| | - Toshiyuki Akama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Japan
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70
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Kim AK, Wu HD, Inoue T. Synthetic design of farnesyl-electrostatic peptides for development of a protein kinase A membrane translocation switch. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16421. [PMID: 34385501 PMCID: PMC8361095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95840-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular switches that respond to a biochemical stimulus in cells have proven utility as a foundation for developing molecular sensors and actuators that could be used to address important biological questions. Developing a molecular switch unfortunately remains difficult as it requires elaborate coordination of sensing and actuation mechanisms built into a single molecule. Here, we rationally designed a molecular switch that changes its subcellular localization in response to an intended stimulus such as an activator of protein kinase A (PKA). By arranging the sequence for Kemptide in tandem, we designed a farnesylated peptide whose localization can dramatically change upon phosphorylation by PKA. After testing a different valence number of Kemptide as well as modulating the linker sequence connecting them, we identified an efficient peptide switch that exhibited dynamic translocation between plasma membranes and internal endomembranes in a PKA activity dependent manner. Due to the modular design and small size, our PKA switch can have versatile utility in future studies as a platform for visualizing and perturbing signal transduction pathways, as well as for performing synthetic operations in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen K Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Helen D Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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71
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Regulation of Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry by SARAF. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081887. [PMID: 34440656 PMCID: PMC8391525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling plays a dichotomous role in cellular biology, controlling cell survival and proliferation on the one hand and cellular toxicity and cell death on the other. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) by CRAC channels represents a major pathway for Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells. The CRAC channel has two key components, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and the plasma-membrane Ca2+ channel Orai. Physical coupling between STIM and Orai opens the CRAC channel and the resulting Ca2+ flux is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism of slow Ca2+ dependent inactivation (SCDI). The identification of the SOCE-associated regulatory factor (SARAF) and investigations of its role in SCDI have led to new functional and molecular insights into how SOCE is controlled. In this review, we provide an overview of the functional and molecular mechanisms underlying SCDI and discuss how the interaction between SARAF, STIM1, and Orai1 shapes Ca2+ signaling in cells.
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72
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The RAS GTPase RIT1 compromises mitotic fidelity through spindle assembly checkpoint suppression. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3915-3924.e9. [PMID: 34237269 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) functions as a sensor of unattached kinetochores that delays mitotic progression into anaphase until proper chromosome segregation is guaranteed.1,2 Disruptions to this safety mechanism lead to genomic instability and aneuploidy, which serve as the genetic cause of embryonic demise, congenital birth defects, intellectual disability, and cancer.3,4 However, despite the understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that control the SAC, it remains unknown how signaling pathways directly interact with and regulate the mitotic checkpoint activity. In response to extracellular stimuli, a diverse network of signaling pathways involved in cell growth, survival, and differentiation are activated, and this process is prominently regulated by the Ras family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases).5 Here we show that RIT1, a Ras-related GTPase that regulates cell survival and stress response,6 is essential for timely progression through mitosis and proper chromosome segregation. RIT1 dissociates from the plasma membrane (PM) during mitosis and interacts directly with SAC proteins MAD2 and p31comet in a process that is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity. Furthermore, pathogenic levels of RIT1 silence the SAC and accelerate transit through mitosis by sequestering MAD2 from the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC). Moreover, SAC suppression by pathogenic RIT1 promotes chromosome segregation errors and aneuploidy. Our results highlight a unique function of RIT1 compared to other Ras GTPases and elucidate a direct link between a signaling pathway and the SAC through a novel regulatory mechanism.
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73
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Nuclear Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Interactome Uncovers an Enrichment in Nucleolar Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100102. [PMID: 34048982 PMCID: PMC8255942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) play essential roles as lipid signaling molecules, and many of their functions have been elucidated in the cytoplasm. However, PPIns are also intranuclear where they contribute to chromatin remodeling, transcription, and mRNA splicing. The PPIn, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), has been mapped to the nucleus and nucleoli, but its role remains unclear in this subcellular compartment. To gain further insights into the nuclear functions of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, we applied a previously developed quantitative MS-based approach to identify the targets of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 from isolated nuclei. We identified 179 potential PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-interacting partners, and gene ontology analysis for the biological functions of this dataset revealed an enrichment in RNA processing/splicing, cytokinesis, protein folding, and DNA repair. Interestingly, about half of these interactors were common to nucleolar protein datasets, some of which had dual functions in rRNA processes and DNA repair, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1, now referred as ADP-ribosyltransferase 1). PARP1 was found to interact directly with PPIn via three polybasic regions in the DNA-binding domain and the linker located N-terminal of the catalytic region. PARP1 was shown to bind to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 as well as phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate in vitro and to colocalize with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus and with phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate in nucleoplasmic foci. In conclusion, the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 interactome reported here will serve as a resource to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-mediated interactions in the nucleus and nucleolus. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) localizes to nucleoli. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 interactomics from isolated nuclei identifies nucleolar proteins. PARP1 interacts directly with polyphosphoinositides via several polybasic regions. PARP1 colocalizes with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus.
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74
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Winkler J, Mylle E, De Meyer A, Pavie B, Merchie J, Grones P, Van Damme D. Visualizing protein-protein interactions in plants by rapamycin-dependent delocalization. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:1101-1117. [PMID: 33793859 PMCID: PMC7612334 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Identifying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is crucial for understanding biological processes. Many PPI tools are available, yet only some function within the context of a plant cell. Narrowing down even further, only a few tools allow complex multi-protein interactions to be visualized. Here, we present a conditional in vivo PPI tool for plant research that meets these criteria. Knocksideways in plants (KSP) is based on the ability of rapamycin to alter the localization of a bait protein and its interactors via the heterodimerization of FKBP and FRB domains. KSP is inherently free from many limitations of other PPI systems. This in vivo tool does not require spatial proximity of the bait and prey fluorophores and it is compatible with a broad range of fluorophores. KSP is also a conditional tool and therefore the visualization of the proteins in the absence of rapamycin acts as an internal control. We used KSP to confirm previously identified interactions in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf epidermal cells. Furthermore, the scripts that we generated allow the interactions to be quantified at high throughput. Finally, we demonstrate that KSP can easily be used to visualize complex multi-protein interactions. KSP is therefore a versatile tool with unique characteristics and applications that complements other plant PPI methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Winkler
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreas De Meyer
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Julie Merchie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Grones
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniёl Van Damme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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75
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Ci Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Qin CF, Shi L. Electrostatic Interaction Between NS1 and Negatively Charged Lipids Contributes to Flavivirus Replication Organelles Formation. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641059. [PMID: 34025602 PMCID: PMC8138564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavivirus replication occurs in membranous replication compartments, also known as replication organelles (ROs) derived from the host ER membrane. Our previous study showed that the non-structural (NS) protein 1 (NS1) is the essential factor for RO creation by hydrophobic insertion into the ER membrane. Here, we found that the association of NS1 with the membrane can be facilitated by the electrostatic interaction between NS1 and negatively charged lipids. NS1 binds to a series of negatively charged lipids, including PI4P, and a positively charged residue, R31, located on the membrane-binding face of NS1, plays important roles in this interaction. The NS1 R31E mutation significantly impairs NS1 association with negatively charged membrane and its ER remodeling ability in the cells. To interfere with the electrostatic interaction between NS1 and negatively charged lipids, intracellular phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) level was downregulated by the overexpression of Sac1 or treatment with PI3K and PI4K inhibitors to attenuate flavivirus replication. Our findings emphasize the importance of electrostatic interaction between NS1 and negatively charged lipids in flavivirus RO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Feng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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76
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Crul T, Maléth J. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites as an Organizing Principle for Compartmentalized Calcium and cAMP Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4703. [PMID: 33946838 PMCID: PMC8124356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, ultimate specificity in activation and action-for example, by means of second messengers-of the myriad of signaling cascades is primordial. In fact, versatile and ubiquitous second messengers, such as calcium (Ca2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), regulate multiple-sometimes opposite-cellular functions in a specific spatiotemporal manner. Cells achieve this through segregation of the initiators and modulators to specific plasma membrane (PM) subdomains, such as lipid rafts and caveolae, as well as by dynamic close contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane and other intracellular organelles, including the PM. Especially, these membrane contact sites (MCSs) are currently receiving a lot of attention as their large influence on cell signaling regulation and cell physiology is increasingly appreciated. Depletion of ER Ca2+ stores activates ER membrane STIM proteins, which activate PM-residing Orai and TRPC Ca2+ channels at ER-PM contact sites. Within the MCS, Ca2+ fluxes relay to cAMP signaling through highly interconnected networks. However, the precise mechanisms of MCS formation and the influence of their dynamic lipid environment on their functional maintenance are not completely understood. The current review aims to provide an overview of our current understanding and to identify open questions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Crul
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, H6720 Szeged, Hungary
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77
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Kundu R, Chandra A, Datta A. Fluorescent Chemical Tools for Tracking Anionic Phospholipids. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Amitava Chandra
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Ankona Datta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
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78
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Maxson ME, Sarantis H, Volchuk A, Brumell JH, Grinstein S. Rab5 regulates macropinocytosis by recruiting the inositol 5-phosphatases OCRL and Inpp5b that hydrolyse PtdIns(4,5)P2. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237783. [PMID: 33722976 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab5 is required for macropinosome formation, but its site and mode of action remain unknown. We report that Rab5 acts at the plasma membrane, downstream of ruffling, to promote macropinosome sealing and scission. Dominant-negative Rab5, which obliterates macropinocytosis, had no effect on the development of membrane ruffles. However, Rab5-containing vesicles were recruited to circular membrane ruffles, and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-dependent endomembrane fusion was necessary for the completion of macropinocytosis. This fusion event coincided with the disappearance of PtdIns(4,5)P2 that accompanies macropinosome closure. Counteracting the depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase impaired macropinosome formation. Importantly, we found that the removal of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is dependent on Rab5, through the Rab5-mediated recruitment of the inositol 5-phosphatases OCRL and Inpp5b, via APPL1. Knockdown of OCRL and Inpp5b, or APPL1, prevented macropinosome closure without affecting ruffling. We therefore propose that Rab5 is essential for the clearance of PtdIns(4,5)P2 needed to complete the scission of macropinosomes or to prevent their back-fusion with the plasmalemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Helen Sarantis
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
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79
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Smokvarska M, Jaillais Y, Martinière A. Function of membrane domains in rho-of-plant signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:663-681. [PMID: 33793925 PMCID: PMC8133555 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In a crowded environment, establishing interactions between different molecular partners can take a long time. Biological membranes have solved this issue, as they simultaneously are fluid and possess compartmentalized domains. This nanoscale organization of the membrane is often based on weak, local, and multivalent interactions between lipids and proteins. However, from local interactions at the nanoscale, different functional properties emerge at the higher scale, and these are critical to regulate and integrate cellular signaling. Rho of Plant (ROP) proteins are small guanosine triphosphate hydrolase enzymes (GTPases) involved in hormonal, biotic, and abiotic signaling, as well as fundamental cell biological properties such as polarity, vesicular trafficking, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Association with the membrane is essential for ROP function, as well as their precise targeting within micrometer-sized polar domains (i.e. microdomains) and nanometer-sized clusters (i.e. nanodomains). Here, we review our current knowledge about the formation and the maintenance of the ROP domains in membranes. Furthermore, we propose a model for ROP membrane targeting and discuss how the nanoscale organization of ROPs in membranes could determine signaling parameters like signal specificity, amplification, and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Smokvarska
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Martinière
- BPMP, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
- Author for communication:
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80
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Choudhury SKM, Ma X, Abdullah SW, Zheng H. Activation and Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by RNA Viruses. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1145-1163. [PMID: 33814921 PMCID: PMC8009543 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s295706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation refers to the response of the immune system to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, or other foreign particles in the body, which can involve the production of a wide array of soluble inflammatory mediators. It is important for the development of many RNA virus-infected diseases. The primary factors through which the infection becomes inflammation involve inflammasome. Inflammasomes are proteins complex that the activation is responsive to specific pathogens, host cell damage, and other environmental stimuli. Inflammasomes bring about the maturation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β in order to mediate the innate immune defense mechanisms. Many RNA viruses and their components, such as encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 2B viroporin, the viral RNA of hepatitis C virus, the influenza virus M2 viroporin, the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) small hydrophobic (SH) viroporin, and the human rhinovirus (HRV) 2B viroporin can activate the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome to influence the inflammatory response. On the other hand, several viruses use virus-encoded proteins to suppress inflammation activation, such as the influenza virus NS1 protein and the measles virus (MV) V protein. In this review, we summarize how RNA virus infection leads to the activation or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mohiuddin Choudhury
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - XuSheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiXue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
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81
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Polit A, Mystek P, Błasiak E. Every Detail Matters. That Is, How the Interaction between Gα Proteins and Membrane Affects Their Function. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:222. [PMID: 33804791 PMCID: PMC8003949 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In highly organized multicellular organisms such as humans, the functions of an individual cell are dependent on signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and subsequently heterotrimeric G proteins. As most of the elements belonging to the signal transduction system are bound to lipid membranes, researchers are showing increasing interest in studying the accompanying protein-lipid interactions, which have been demonstrated to not only provide the environment but also regulate proper and efficient signal transduction. The mode of interaction between the cell membrane and G proteins is well known. Despite this, the recognition mechanisms at the molecular level and how the individual G protein-membrane attachment signals are interrelated in the process of the complex control of membrane targeting of G proteins remain unelucidated. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which mammalian Gα subunits of G proteins interact with lipids and the factors responsible for the specificity of membrane association. We summarize recent data on how these signaling proteins are precisely targeted to a specific site in the membrane region by introducing well-defined modifications as well as through the presence of polybasic regions within these proteins and interactions with other components of the heterocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Polit
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (P.M.); (E.B.)
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82
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Li L, He L, Wu B, Yu C, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Wang J, Zhu L. Structural Determinants for Light-Dependent Membrane Binding of a Photoswitchable Polybasic Domain. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:542-551. [PMID: 33689308 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OptoPB is an optogenetic tool engineered by fusion of the phosphoinositide (PI)-binding polybasic domain of Rit1 (Rit-PB) to a photoreactive light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domain. OptoPB selectively and reversibly binds the plasma membrane (PM) under blue light excitation, and in the dark, it releases back to the cytoplasm. However, the molecular mechanism of optical regulation and lipid recognition is still unclear. Here using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liposome pulldown assay, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), we find that OptoPB binds to membrane mimetics containing di- or triphosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, particularly phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), an acidic phospholipid predominantly located in the eukaryotic PM. In the dark, steric hindrance prevented this protein-membrane interaction, while 470 nm blue light illumination activated it. NMR titration and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that both cationic and hydrophobic Rit-PB residues are essential to the membrane interaction, indicating that OptoPB binds the membrane via a specific PI(4,5)P2-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Bo Wu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chuandi Yu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hongxin Zhao
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Junfeng Wang
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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83
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Dong W, Lu J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Lettieri K, Hammond GR, Hong Y. A polybasic domain in aPKC mediates Par6-dependent control of membrane targeting and kinase activity. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151883. [PMID: 32580209 PMCID: PMC7337507 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms coupling the atypical PKC (aPKC) kinase activity to its subcellular localization are essential for cell polarization. Unlike other members of the PKC family, aPKC has no well-defined plasma membrane (PM) or calcium binding domains, leading to the assumption that its subcellular localization relies exclusively on protein–protein interactions. Here we show that in both Drosophila and mammalian cells, the pseudosubstrate region (PSr) of aPKC acts as a polybasic domain capable of targeting aPKC to the PM via electrostatic binding to PM PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. However, physical interaction between aPKC and Par-6 is required for the PM-targeting of aPKC, likely by allosterically exposing the PSr to bind PM. Binding of Par-6 also inhibits aPKC kinase activity, and such inhibition can be relieved through Par-6 interaction with apical polarity protein Crumbs. Our data suggest a potential mechanism in which allosteric regulation of polybasic PSr by Par-6 couples the control of both aPKC subcellular localization and spatial activation of its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yan Wu
- Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaela Lettieri
- First Experience in Research Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gerald R Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
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84
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Ahearn IM, Court HR, Siddiqui F, Abankwa D, Philips MR. NRAS is unique among RAS proteins in requiring ICMT for trafficking to the plasma membrane. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000972. [PMID: 33579760 PMCID: PMC7893820 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the RAS isoforms, NRAS uniquely requires carboxyl methylation by ICMT for delivery to the plasma membrane because of having only a single palmitoylation as a second targeting signal. Isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) is the third of three enzymes that sequentially modify the C-terminus of CaaX proteins, including RAS. Although all four RAS proteins are substrates for ICMT, each traffics to membranes differently by virtue of their hypervariable regions that are differentially palmitoylated. We found that among RAS proteins, NRAS was unique in requiring ICMT for delivery to the PM, a consequence of having only a single palmitoylation site as its secondary affinity module. Although not absolutely required for palmitoylation, acylation was diminished in the absence of ICMT. Photoactivation and FRAP of GFP-NRAS revealed increase flux at the Golgi, independent of palmitoylation, in the absence of ICMT. Association of NRAS with the prenyl-protein chaperone PDE6δ also required ICMT and promoted anterograde trafficking from the Golgi. We conclude that carboxyl methylation of NRAS is required for efficient palmitoylation, PDE6δ binding, and homeostatic flux through the Golgi, processes that direct delivery to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Ahearn
- The Ronald O Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA .,The Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Manhattan Campus, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen R Court
- The Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farid Siddiqui
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mark R Philips
- The Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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85
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Montaño-Rendón F, Grinstein S, Walpole GFW. Monitoring Phosphoinositide Fluxes and Effectors During Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626136. [PMID: 33614656 PMCID: PMC7890364 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic re-organization of cellular membranes in response to extracellular stimuli is fundamental to the cell physiology of myeloid and lymphoid cells of the immune system. In addition to maintaining cellular homeostatic functions, remodeling of the plasmalemma and endomembranes endow leukocytes with the potential to relay extracellular signals across their biological membranes to promote rolling adhesion and diapedesis, migration into the tissue parenchyma, and to ingest foreign particles and effete cells. Phosphoinositides, signaling lipids that control the interface of biological membranes with the external environment, are pivotal to this wealth of functions. Here, we highlight the complex metabolic transitions that occur to phosphoinositides during several stages of the leukocyte lifecycle, namely diapedesis, migration, and phagocytosis. We describe classical and recently developed tools that have aided our understanding of these complex lipids. Finally, major downstream effectors of inositides are highlighted including the cytoskeleton, emphasizing the importance of these rare lipids in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Montaño-Rendón
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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86
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Yu H, Yong W, Gao T, Na M, Zhang Y, Kuguminkiriza IH, Kenechukwu AA, Guo Q, Zhang G, Deng X. Hormesis of low-dose inhibition of pAkt1 (Ser473) followed by a great increase of proline-rich inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (PIPP) level in oocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:342-349. [PMID: 33537929 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hormesis describes a biphasic dose-response relationship generally characterized by a low-dose excitement and a high-dose inhibition. This phenomenon has been observed in the regulation of cell, organ, and organismic level. However, hormesis has not reported in oocytes. In this study, we observed, for the first time, hormetic responses of PIPP levels in oocytes by inhibitor of Akt1 or PKCδ. The expression of PIPP was detected by qPCR, immunofluorescent (IF), and Western Blot (WB). To observe the changes of PIPP levels, we used the inhibitors against pAkt1 (Ser473) or PKCδ, SH-6 or sotrastaurin with low and/or high-dose, treated GV oocytes and cultured for 4 h, respectively. The results showed that PIPP expression was significantly enhanced when oocytes were treated with SH-6 or sotrastaurin 10 μM, but decreased with SH-6 or sotrastaurin 100 μM. We also examined the changes of PIPP levels when GV oocytes were treated with exogenous PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or LY294002 for 4 h. Our results showed that PIPP level was enhanced much higher under the treatment of 0.1 μM PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 than that of 1 μM PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, which is consistent with the changes of PIPP when oocytes were treated with inhibitors of pAkt1 (Ser473) or PKCδ. In addition, with PIPP siRNA, we detected that down-regulated PIPP may affect distributions of Akt, Cdc25, and pCdc2 (Tyr15). Taken together, these results show that the relationships between PIPP and Akt may follow the principle of hormesis and play a key role during release of diplotene arrest in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yong
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Gao
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Na
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Qingguo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CMU, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, The Academy of Military Medical Sciences of PLA, Changchun, 130122, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Deng
- Center Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University (CMU), Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China.
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87
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Migliori AD, Patel LA, Neale C. The RIT1 C-terminus associates with lipid bilayers via charge complementarity. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 91:107437. [PMID: 33517146 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RIT1 is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases involved in regulation of cellular signaling. Mutations to RIT1 are involved in cancer and developmental disorders. Like many Ras subfamily members, RIT1 is localized to the plasma membrane. However, RIT1 lacks the C-terminal prenylation that helps many other subfamily members adhere to cellular membranes. We used molecular dynamics simulations to examine the mechanisms by which the C-terminal peptide (CTP) of RIT1 associates with lipid bilayers. We show that the CTP is unstructured and that its membrane interactions depend on lipid composition. While a 12-residue region of the CTP binds strongly to anionic bilayers containing phosphatidylserine lipids, the CTP termini fray from the membrane allowing for accommodation of the RIT1 globular domain at the membrane-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Migliori
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States; Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States
| | - Lara A Patel
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States; Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States
| | - Chris Neale
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States.
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88
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Bernier SC, Millette MA, Roy S, Cantin L, Coutinho A, Salesse C. Structural information and membrane binding of truncated RGS9-1 Anchor Protein and its C-terminal hydrophobic segment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183566. [PMID: 33453187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Visual phototransduction takes place in photoreceptor cells. Light absorption by rhodopsin leads to the activation of transducin as a result of the exchange of its GDP for GTP. The GTP-bound ⍺-subunit of transducin then activates phosphodiesterase (PDE), which in turn hydrolyzes cGMP leading to photoreceptor hyperpolarization. Photoreceptors return to the dark state upon inactivation of these proteins. In particular, PDE is inactivated by the protein complex R9AP/RGS9-1/Gβ5. R9AP (RGS9-1 anchor protein) is responsible for the membrane anchoring of this protein complex to photoreceptor outer segment disk membranes most likely by the combined involvement of its C-terminal hydrophobic domain as well as other types of interactions. This study thus aimed to gather information on the structure and membrane binding of the C-terminal hydrophobic segment of R9AP as well as of truncated R9AP (without its C-terminal domain, R9AP∆TM). Circular dichroism and infrared spectroscopic measurements revealed that the secondary structure of R9AP∆TM mainly includes ⍺-helical structural elements. Moreover, intrinsic fluorescence measurements of native R9AP∆TM and individual mutants lacking one tryptophan demonstrated that W79 is more buried than W173 but that they are both located in a hydrophobic environment. This method also revealed that membrane binding of R9AP∆TM does not involve regions near its tryptophan residues, while infrared spectroscopy validated its binding to lipid vesicles. Additional fluorescence measurements showed that the C-terminal segment of R9AP is membrane embedded. Maximum insertion pressure and synergy data using Langmuir monolayers suggest that interactions with specific phospholipids could be involved in the membrane binding of R9AP∆TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Bernier
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Millette
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sarah Roy
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Line Cantin
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Ana Coutinho
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christian Salesse
- CUO-Recherche, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, and Regroupement Stratégique PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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89
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Dhanaraman T, Singh S, Killoran RC, Singh A, Xu X, Shifman JM, Smith MJ. RASSF effectors couple diverse RAS subfamily GTPases to the Hippo pathway. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/653/eabb4778. [PMID: 33051258 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) of the RAS superfamily signal by directly binding to multiple downstream effector proteins. Effectors are defined by a folded RAS-association (RA) domain that binds exclusively to GTP-loaded (activated) RAS, but the binding specificities of most RA domains toward more than 160 RAS superfamily GTPases have not been characterized. Ten RA domain family (RASSF) proteins comprise the largest group of related effectors and are proposed to couple RAS to the proapoptotic Hippo pathway. Here, we showed that RASSF1-6 formed complexes with the Hippo kinase ortholog MST1, whereas RASSF7-10 formed oligomers with the p53-regulating effectors ASPP1 and ASPP2. Moreover, only RASSF5 bound directly to activated HRAS and KRAS, and RASSFs did not augment apoptotic induction downstream of RAS oncoproteins. Structural modeling revealed that expansion of the RASSF effector family in vertebrates included amino acid substitutions to key residues that direct GTPase-binding specificity. We demonstrated that the tumor suppressor RASSF1A formed complexes with the RAS-related GTPases GEM, REM1, REM2, and the enigmatic RASL12. Furthermore, interactions between RASSFs and RAS GTPases blocked YAP1 nuclear localization. Thus, these simple scaffolds link the activation of diverse RAS family small G proteins to Hippo or p53 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thillaivillalan Dhanaraman
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Swati Singh
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ryan C Killoran
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anamika Singh
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Biological Chemistry, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Julia M Shifman
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Biological Chemistry, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
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90
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Gruening M, Neuber S, Nestler P, Lehnfeld J, Dubs M, Fricke K, Schnabelrauch M, Helm CA, Müller R, Staehlke S, Nebe JB. Enhancement of Intracellular Calcium Ion Mobilization by Moderately but Not Highly Positive Material Surface Charges. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1016. [PMID: 33015006 PMCID: PMC7505933 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic forces at the cell interface affect the nature of cell adhesion and function; but there is still limited knowledge about the impact of positive or negative surface charges on cell-material interactions in regenerative medicine. Titanium surfaces with a variety of zeta potentials between −90 mV and +50 mV were generated by functionalizing them with amino polymers, extracellular matrix proteins/peptide motifs and polyelectrolyte multilayers. A significant enhancement of intracellular calcium mobilization was achieved on surfaces with a moderately positive (+1 to +10 mV) compared with a negative zeta potential (−90 to −3 mV). Dramatic losses of cell activity (membrane integrity, viability, proliferation, calcium mobilization) were observed on surfaces with a highly positive zeta potential (+50 mV). This systematic study indicates that cells do not prefer positive charges in general, merely moderately positive ones. The cell behavior of MG-63s could be correlated with the materials’ zeta potential; but not with water contact angle or surface free energy. Our findings present new insights and provide an essential knowledge for future applications in dental and orthopedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Gruening
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Neuber
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Nestler
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jutta Lehnfeld
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Dubs
- Department of Biomaterials, INNOVENT e.V., Jena, Germany
| | - Katja Fricke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology e.V. (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Christiane A Helm
- Soft Matter and Biophysics, Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rainer Müller
- Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Staehlke
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter, Faculty of Interdisciplinary, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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91
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Kulich I, Vogler F, Bleckmann A, Cyprys P, Lindemeier M, Fuchs I, Krassini L, Schubert T, Steinbrenner J, Beynon J, Falter-Braun P, Längst G, Dresselhaus T, Sprunck S. ARMADILLO REPEAT ONLY proteins confine Rho GTPase signalling to polar growth sites. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1275-1288. [PMID: 33020609 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polar growth requires the precise tuning of Rho GTPase signalling at distinct plasma membrane domains. The activity of Rho of plant (ROP) GTPases is regulated by the opposing action of guanine nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Whereas plant-specific ROPGEFs have been shown to be embedded in higher-level regulatory mechanisms involving membrane-bound receptor-like kinases, the regulation of GAPs has remained enigmatic. Here, we show that three Arabidopsis ARMADILLO REPEAT ONLY (ARO) proteins are essential for the stabilization of growth sites in root hair cells and trichomes. AROs interact with ROP1 enhancer GAPs (RENGAPs) and bind to the plasma membrane via a conserved polybasic region at the ARO amino terminus. The ectopic spreading of ROP2 in aro2/3/4 mutant root hair cells and the preferential interaction of AROs with active ROPs and anionic phospholipids suggests that AROs recruit RENGAPs into complexes with ROPs to confine ROP signalling to distinct membrane regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kulich
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Vogler
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Bleckmann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Cyprys
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Lindemeier
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fuchs
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura Krassini
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Jens Steinbrenner
- School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute for Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jim Beynon
- School of Life Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Biochemistry III, Biochemistry Centre Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sprunck
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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92
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Orbach R, Su X. Surfing on Membrane Waves: Microvilli, Curved Membranes, and Immune Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2187. [PMID: 33013920 PMCID: PMC7516127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvilli are finger-like membrane protrusions, supported by the actin cytoskeleton, and found on almost all cell types. A growing body of evidence suggests that the dynamic lymphocyte microvilli, with their highly curved membranes, play an important role in signal transduction leading to immune responses. Nevertheless, challenges in modulating local membrane curvature and monitoring the high dynamicity of microvilli hampered the investigation of the curvature-generation mechanism and its functional consequences in signaling. These technical barriers have been partially overcome by recent advancements in adapted super-resolution microscopy. Here, we review the up-to-date progress in understanding the mechanisms and functional consequences of microvillus formation in T cell signaling. We discuss how the deformation of local membranes could potentially affect the organization of signaling proteins and their biochemical activities. We propose that curved membranes, together with the underlying cytoskeleton, shape microvilli into a unique compartment that sense and process signals leading to lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Orbach
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Xiaolei Su
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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93
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Kawai K, Egami Y, Nishigaki A, Araki N. Rab35 Targeting to the Plasma Membrane Is Dependent on the C-terminal Polybasic Cluster. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:93-97. [PMID: 32873993 PMCID: PMC7450177 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab35, a member of the Rab GTPase family, has been implicated in various cellular processes including cell motility and membrane trafficking. Although Rab35 is localized to the plasma membrane, Rab proteins that are identified to have high sequence homology with Rab35 exhibit distinct subcellular localization patterns. Comparing the amino acid sequences between Rab35 and its family members revealed a significant variation in an approximate 30-amino acid region of the C-terminus. This suggests that this region determines the subcellular localization of individual Rab proteins. To confirm this hypothesis, we constructed Rab35–Rab10 chimera proteins by exchanging their C-terminal domains with one another. Confocal microscopy of RAW264 cells expressing EGFP-fused Rab35–Rab10 chimeras has indicated that the C-terminal region of Rab35 is critical for its plasma membrane localization. Furthermore, we were able to determine that a basic amino acid cluster exists in the C-terminal region of Rab35 and that Rab35 localization shifts to the Golgi membrane when the number of basic amino acids in this region is reduced. Thus, it is likely that the approximate 30-amino acid C-terminal region containing basic clusters is responsible for Rab35 plasma membrane localization and that its preferential localization depends on the number of basic amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Kawai
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Youhei Egami
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Arata Nishigaki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University
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94
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PIP 2: A critical regulator of vascular ion channels hiding in plain sight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20378-20389. [PMID: 32764146 PMCID: PMC7456132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006737117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), has long been established as a major contributor to intracellular signaling, primarily by virtue of its role as a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC). Signaling by Gq-protein-coupled receptors triggers PLC-mediated hydrolysis of PIP2 into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, which are well known to modulate vascular ion channel activity. Often overlooked, however, is the role PIP2 itself plays in this regulation. Although numerous reports have demonstrated that PIP2 is critical for ion channel regulation, how it impacts vascular function has received scant attention. In this review, we focus on PIP2 as a regulator of ion channels in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells-the two major classes of vascular cells. We further address the concerted effects of such regulation on vascular function and blood flow control. We close with a consideration of current knowledge regarding disruption of PIP2 regulation of vascular ion channels in disease.
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95
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Kosnopfel C, Sinnberg T, Sauer B, Niessner H, Muenchow A, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Mertens PR, Garbe C, Thakur BK, Schittek B. Tumour Progression Stage-Dependent Secretion of YB-1 Stimulates Melanoma Cell Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082328. [PMID: 32824741 PMCID: PMC7464723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted factors play an important role in intercellular communication. Therefore, they are not only indispensable for the regulation of various physiological processes but can also decisively advance the development and progression of tumours. In the context of inflammatory disease, Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is actively secreted and the extracellular protein promotes cell proliferation and migration. In malignant melanoma, intracellular YB-1 expression increases during melanoma progression and represents an unfavourable prognostic marker. Here, we show active secretion of YB-1 from melanoma cells as opposed to benign cells of the skin. Intriguingly, YB-1 secretion correlates with the stage of melanoma progression and depends on a calcium- and ATP-dependent non-classical secretory pathway leading to the occurrence of YB-1 in the extracellular space as a free protein. Along with an elevated YB-1 secretion of melanoma cells in the metastatic growth phase, extracellular YB-1 exerts a stimulating effect on melanoma cell migration, invasion, and tumourigenicity. Collectively, these data suggest that secreted YB-1 plays a functional role in melanoma cell biology, stimulating metastasis, and may serve as a novel biomarker in malignant melanoma that reflects tumour aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-931-20126778 (C.K.); +49-7071-29-80832 (B.S.)
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Alina Muenchow
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-931-20126778 (C.K.); +49-7071-29-80832 (B.S.)
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96
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Van R, Cuevas-Navarro A, Castel P, McCormick F. The molecular functions of RIT1 and its contribution to human disease. Biochem J 2020; 477:2755-2770. [PMID: 32766847 PMCID: PMC7787054 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RIT1 is a member of the Ras family of GTPases that direct broad cellular physiological responses through tightly controlled signaling networks. The canonical Ras GTPases are well-defined regulators of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and mutations in these are pathogenic in cancer and a class of developmental disorders termed RASopathies. Emerging clinical evidences have now demonstrated a role for RIT1 in RASopathies, namely Noonan syndrome, and various cancers including lung adenocarcinoma and myeloid malignancies. While RIT1 has been mostly described in the context of neuronal differentiation and survival, the mechanisms underlying aberrant RIT1-mediated signaling remain elusive. Here, we will review efforts undertaken to characterize the biochemical and functional properties of the RIT1 GTPase at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level, as well as provide a phenotypic overview of different human conditions caused by RIT1 mutations. Deeper understanding of RIT1 biological function and insight to its pathogenic mechanisms are imperative to developing effective therapeutic interventions for patients with RIT1-mutant Noonan syndrome and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Van
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Antonio Cuevas-Navarro
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Pau Castel
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
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97
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Céspedes PF, Beckers D, Dustin ML, Sezgin E. Model membrane systems to reconstitute immune cell signaling. FEBS J 2020; 288:1070-1090. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F. Céspedes
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford UK
| | - Daniel Beckers
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford UK
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Nuffield Department of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford UK
| | - Erdinc Sezgin
- MRC Human Immunology Unit MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Oxford UK
- Science for Life Laboratory Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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98
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Bisi S, Marchesi S, Rizvi A, Carra D, Beznoussenko GV, Ferrara I, Deflorian G, Mironov A, Bertalot G, Pisati F, Oldani A, Cattaneo A, Saberamoli G, Pece S, Viale G, Bachi A, Tripodo C, Scita G, Disanza A. IRSp53 controls plasma membrane shape and polarized transport at the nascent lumen in epithelial tubules. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3516. [PMID: 32665580 PMCID: PMC7360740 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether the establishment of apical–basal cell polarity during the generation of epithelial lumens requires molecules acting at the plasma membrane/actin interface. Here, we show that the I-BAR-containing IRSp53 protein controls lumen formation and the positioning of the polarity determinants aPKC and podocalyxin. Molecularly, IRSp53 acts by regulating the localization and activity of the small GTPase RAB35, and by interacting with the actin capping protein EPS8. Using correlative light and electron microscopy, we further show that IRSp53 ensures the shape and continuity of the opposing plasma membrane of two daughter cells, leading to the formation of a single apical lumen. Genetic removal of IRSp53 results in abnormal renal tubulogenesis, with altered tubular polarity and architectural organization. Thus, IRSp53 acts as a membrane curvature-sensing platform for the assembly of multi-protein complexes that control the trafficking of apical determinants and the integrity of the luminal plasma membrane. The I-BAR protein IRSp53 senses membrane curvature but its physiological role is unclear. Here, the authors show that during early lumen morphogenesis, IRSp53 controls the shape of the apical plasma membrane and polarized trafficking and ensures the correct epithelial tubular architecture and if deleted, affects renal tubules morphogenesis in various organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bisi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Marchesi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Abrar Rizvi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Carra
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Galina V Beznoussenko
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Ines Ferrara
- Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Alexander Mironov
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Amanda Oldani
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ghazaleh Saberamoli
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Bachi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Human Pathology Section, University of Palermo School of Medicine, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9/1, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
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99
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Sansen T, Sanchez-Fuentes D, Rathar R, Colom-Diego A, El Alaoui F, Viaud J, Macchione M, de Rossi S, Matile S, Gaudin R, Bäcker V, Carretero-Genevrier A, Picas L. Mapping Cell Membrane Organization and Dynamics Using Soft Nanoimprint Lithography. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:29000-29012. [PMID: 32464046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane shape is a key feature of many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, division, migration, and trafficking. The development of nanostructured surfaces allowing for the in situ manipulation of membranes in living cells is crucial to understand these processes, but this requires complicated and limited-access technologies. Here, we investigate the self-organization of cellular membranes by using a customizable and benchtop method allowing one to engineer 1D SiO2 nanopillar arrays of defined sizes and shapes on high-performance glass compatible with advanced microscopies. As a result of this original combination, we provide a mapping of the morphology-induced modulation of the cell membrane mechanics, dynamics and steady-state organization of key protein complexes implicated in cellular trafficking and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sansen
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - D Sanchez-Fuentes
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214-Université de Montpellier, 34097 Montpellier, France
| | - R Rathar
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214-Université de Montpellier, 34097 Montpellier, France
| | - A Colom-Diego
- Biochemistry Department and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F El Alaoui
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - J Viaud
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC-UMR1048), Inserm and Université Toulouse 3, Avenue Jean Poulhès BP84225, 31432 Cedex 04 Toulouse, France
| | - M Macchione
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S de Rossi
- MRI Imaging Facility, UMS BioCampus Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - S Matile
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Gaudin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - V Bäcker
- MRI Imaging Facility, UMS BioCampus Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - A Carretero-Genevrier
- Institut d'Électronique et des Systèmes (IES), CNRS UMR 5214-Université de Montpellier, 34097 Montpellier, France
| | - L Picas
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS UMR 9004-Université de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France
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100
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Bisaria A, Hayer A, Garbett D, Cohen D, Meyer T. Membrane-proximal F-actin restricts local membrane protrusions and directs cell migration. Science 2020; 368:1205-1210. [PMID: 32527825 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is driven by local membrane protrusion through directed polymerization of F-actin at the front. However, F-actin next to the plasma membrane also tethers the membrane and thus resists outgoing protrusions. Here, we developed a fluorescent reporter to monitor changes in the density of membrane-proximal F-actin (MPA) during membrane protrusion and cell migration. Unlike the total F-actin concentration, which was high in the front of migrating cells, MPA density was low in the front and high in the back. Back-to-front MPA density gradients were controlled by higher cofilin-mediated turnover of F-actin in the front. Furthermore, nascent membrane protrusions selectively extended outward from areas where MPA density was reduced. Thus, locally low MPA density directs local membrane protrusions and stabilizes cell polarization during cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Bisaria
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Arnold Hayer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Damien Garbett
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tobias Meyer
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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