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Jin C, Zhu Y, Li X, An F, Han W, Liu Q, Hu S, Ji Y, Xu Z, Hu S, Ye M, Zhong G, Gu M, Chen L. Super-Flexible Freestanding BiMnO 3 Membranes with Stable Ferroelectricity and Ferromagnetism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102178. [PMID: 34713629 PMCID: PMC8693045 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroic materials with flexibility are expected to make great contributions to flexible electronic applications, such as sensors, memories, and wearable devices. In this work, super-flexible freestanding BiMnO3 membranes with simultaneous ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism are synthesized using water-soluble Sr3 Al2 O6 as the sacrificial buffer layer. The super-flexibility of BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated by undergoing an ≈180° folding during an in situ bending test, which is consistent with the results of first-principles calculations. The piezoelectric signal under a bending radius of ≈500 µm confirms the stable existence of electric polarization in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes. Moreover, the stable ferromagnetism of freestanding BiMnO3 membranes is demonstrated after 100 times bending cycles with a bending radius of ≈2 mm. 5.1% uniaxial tensile strain is achieved in freestanding BiMnO3 membranes, and the piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) phase retention behaviors confirm that the ferroelectricity of membranes can survive stably up to the strain of 1.7%. These super-flexible membranes with stable ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism pave ways to the realizations of multifunctional flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Jin
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- School of PhysicsHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150081China
| | - Yuanmin Zhu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Feng An
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of NanobiomechanicsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Wenqiao Han
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Sixia Hu
- Materials Characterization and Preparation CenterSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Yanjiang Ji
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Zedong Xu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Songbai Hu
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Gaokuo Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of NanobiomechanicsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
- Materials Characterization and Preparation CenterSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
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52
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Yan J, Zhang X, Xia S, Zhao Y, Yu J, Ding B. Superior Flexibility in Oxide Ceramic Crystal Nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105011. [PMID: 34532907 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxide crystal ceramics are commonly hard and brittle, when they are bent they typically fracture. Such mechanical response limits the use of these materials in emerging fields like wearable electronics. Here, a polymer-induced assembly strategy is reported to construct orderly assembled TiO2 crystals into continuous nanofibers that are stretchable, bendable, and even knottable. Ball-milling the spinning sol and curved-drafting the electrospun nanofibers significantly improve the molecular structural order and reduce pore defects in the precursor nanofibers. Using this method, continuous TiO2 nanofibers, in which orderly assembled TiO2 nanocrystals (brick) are connected by twin grain boundaries or an amorphous region (mortar), are formed after sintering. Mechanical measurements and finite element analysis simulation indicate that the dislocation slip of "bricks" and the elastic deformation of "mortar" render the nanofibers with a small bending rigidity of ≈22 mN and a small elastic modulus of ≈20.8 Gpa, thus displaying properties associated with both soft and hard matter. More importantly, the reported approach can be easily extended to synthesize a wide range of soft, yet tough ceramic membranes, such as ZrO2 and SiO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Shuhui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 200051, China
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53
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Bakaul SR, Prokhorenko S, Zhang Q, Nahas Y, Hu Y, Petford-Long A, Bellaiche L, Valanoor N. Freestanding Ferroelectric Bubble Domains. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105432. [PMID: 34541726 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bubble-like domains, typically a precursor to the electrical skyrmions, arise in ultrathin complex oxide ferroelectric-dielectric-ferroelectric heterostructures epitaxially clamped with flat substrates. Here, it is reported that these specially ordered electric dipoles can also be retained in a freestanding state despite the presence of inhomogeneously distributed structural ripples. By probing local piezo and capacitive responses and using atomistic simulations, this study analyzes these ripples, sheds light on how the bubbles are stabilized in the modified electromechanical energy landscape, and discusses the difference in morphology between bubbles in freestanding and as-grown states. These results are anticipated to be the starting point of a new paradigm for the exploration of electric skyrmions with arbitrary boundaries and physically flexible topological orders in ferroelectric curvilinear space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidur R Bakaul
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Sergei Prokhorenko
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Yousra Nahas
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Yushi Hu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, 5730 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Amanda Petford-Long
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Nagarajan Valanoor
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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54
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Dubnack O, Müller FA. Oxidic 2D Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185213. [PMID: 34576436 PMCID: PMC8469416 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of producing stable thin films, only a few atomic layers thick, from a variety of materials beyond graphene has led to two-dimensional (2D) materials being studied intensively in recent years. By reducing the layer thickness and approaching the crystallographic monolayer limit, a variety of unexpected and technologically relevant property phenomena were observed, which also depend on the subsequent arrangement and possible combination of individual layers to form heterostructures. These properties can be specifically used for the development of multifunctional devices, meeting the requirements of the advancing miniaturization of modern manufacturing technologies and the associated need to stabilize physical states even below critical layer thicknesses of conventional materials in the fields of electronics, magnetism and energy conversion. Differences in the structure of potential two-dimensional materials result in decisive influences on possible growth methods and possibilities for subsequent transfer of the thin films. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the rapidly growing field of two-dimensional materials, highlighting those with oxidic crystal structure like perovskites, garnets and spinels. In addition to a selection of well-established growth techniques and approaches for thin film transfer, we evaluate in detail their application potential as free-standing monolayers, bilayers and multilayers in a wide range of advanced technological applications. Finally, we provide suggestions for future developments of this promising research field in consideration of current challenges regarding scalability and structural stability of ultra-thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dubnack
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Frank A. Müller
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Löbdergraben 32, 07743 Jena, Germany;
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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55
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Heterogeneous integration of single-crystalline rutile nanomembranes with steep phase transition on silicon substrates. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5019. [PMID: 34408136 PMCID: PMC8373986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Unrestricted integration of single-crystal oxide films on arbitrary substrates has been of great interest to exploit emerging phenomena from transition metal oxides for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate the release and transfer of a freestanding single-crystalline rutile oxide nanomembranes to serve as an epitaxial template for heterogeneous integration of correlated oxides on dissimilar substrates. By selective oxidation and dissolution of sacrificial VO2 buffer layers from TiO2/VO2/TiO2 by H2O2, millimeter-size TiO2 single-crystalline layers are integrated on silicon without any deterioration. After subsequent VO2 epitaxial growth on the transferred TiO2 nanomembranes, we create artificial single-crystalline oxide/Si heterostructures with excellent sharpness of metal-insulator transition (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\triangle \rho /\rho$$\end{document}△ρ/ρ > 103) even in ultrathin (<10 nm) VO2 films that are not achievable via direct growth on Si. This discovery offers a synthetic strategy to release the new single-crystalline oxide nanomembranes and an integration scheme to exploit emergent functionality from epitaxial oxide heterostructures in mature silicon devices. Unrestricted integration of single-crystal oxide films on Si substrates allows for exploitation of emerging functionality of new materials in mature silicon devices. Here the authors integrate epitaxial oxide films with sharp metal-insulator transition on Si substrates by epitaxial lift-off of a freestanding nanomembrane.
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56
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Juraschek DM, Narang P. Highly Confined Phonon Polaritons in Monolayers of Perovskite Oxides. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:5098-5104. [PMID: 34101474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are able to strongly confine light hybridized with collective excitations of atoms, enabling electric-field enhancements and novel spectroscopic applications. Recently, freestanding monolayers of perovskite oxides have been synthesized, which possess highly infrared-active phonon modes and a complex interplay of competing interactions. Here, we show that this new class of 2D materials exhibits highly confined phonon polaritons by evaluating central figures of merit for phonon polaritons in the tetragonal phases of the 2D perovskites SrTiO3, KTaO3, and LiNbO3, using density functional theory calculations. Specifically, we compute the 2D phonon-polariton dispersions, the propagation-quality, confinement, and deceleration factors, and we show that they are comparable to those found in the prototypical 2D dielectric hexagonal boron nitride. Our results suggest that monolayers of perovskite oxides are promising candidates for polaritonic platforms that enable new possibilities in terms of tunability and spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M Juraschek
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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57
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Zhang C, Ding S, Qiao K, Li J, Li Z, Yin Z, Sun J, Wang J, Zhao T, Hu F, Shen B. Large Low-Field Magnetoresistance (LFMR) Effect in Free-Standing La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:28442-28450. [PMID: 34105344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The realization of a large low-field magnetoresistance (LFMR) effect in free-standing magnetic oxide films is a crucial goal toward promoting the development of flexible, low power consumption, and nonvolatile memory devices for information storage. La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) is an ideal material for spintronic devices due to its excellent magnetic and electronic properties. However, it is difficult to achieve both a large LFMR effect and high flexibility in LSMO films due to the lack of research on LFMR-related mechanisms and the strict LSMO growth conditions, which require rigid substrates. Here, we induced a large LFMR effect in an LSMO/mica heterostructure by utilizing a disorder-related spin-polarized tunneling effect and developed a simple transfer method to obtain free-standing LSMO films for the first time. Electrical and magnetic characterizations of these free-standing LSMO films revealed that all of the principal properties of LSMO were sustained under compressive and tensile conditions. Notably, the magnetoresistance of the processed LSMO film reached up to 16% under an ultrasmall magnetic field (0.1 T), which is 80 times that of a traditional LSMO film. As a demonstration, a stable nonvolatile multivalue storage function in flexible LSMO films was successfully achieved. Our work may pave the way for future wearable resistive memory device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiming Qiao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Yin
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Institute of Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyun Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics & Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China
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58
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Le PTP, Ten Elshof JE, Koster G. Epitaxial lift-off of freestanding (011) and (111) SrRuO 3 thin films using a water sacrificial layer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12435. [PMID: 34127715 PMCID: PMC8203781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional freestanding thin films of single crystalline oxide perovskites are expected to have great potential in integration of new features to the current Si-based technology. Here, we showed the ability to create freestanding single crystalline (011)- and (111)-oriented SrRuO3 thin films using Sr3Al2O6 water-sacrificial layer. The epitaxial Sr3Al2O6(011) and Sr3Al2O6(111) layers were realized on SrTiO3(011) and SrTiO3(111), respectively. Subsequently, SrRuO3 films were epitaxially grown on these sacrificial layers. The freestanding single crystalline SrRuO3(011)pc and SrRuO3(111)pc films were successfully transferred on Si substrates, demonstrating possibilities to transfer desirable oriented oxide perovskite films on Si and arbitrary substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu T P Le
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johan E Ten Elshof
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Koster
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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59
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Li D, Adamo C, Wang BY, Yoon H, Chen Z, Hong SS, Lu D, Cui Y, Hikita Y, Hwang HY. Stabilization of Sr 3Al 2O 6 Growth Templates for Ex Situ Synthesis of Freestanding Crystalline Oxide Membranes. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4454-4460. [PMID: 33989008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach has recently been developed for the fabrication of freestanding crystalline perovskite oxide nanomembranes, which involves the epitaxial growth of a water-soluble sacrificial layer. By utilizing an ultrathin capping layer of SrTiO3, here we show that this sacrificial layer, as grown by pulsed laser deposition, can be stabilized in air and therefore be used as transferrable templates for ex situ epitaxial growth using other techniques. We find that the stability of these templates depends on the thickness of the capping layer. On these templates, freestanding superconducting SrTiO3 membranes were synthesized ex situ using molecular beam epitaxy, enabled by the lower growth temperature which preserves the sacrificial layer. This study paves the way for the synthesis of an expanded selection of freestanding oxide membranes and heterostructures with a wide variety of ex situ growth techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Li
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carolina Adamo
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bai Yang Wang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hyeok Yoon
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhuoyu Chen
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Seung Sae Hong
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Di Lu
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yasuyuki Hikita
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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60
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Du D, Manzo S, Zhang C, Saraswat V, Genser KT, Rabe KM, Voyles PM, Arnold MS, Kawasaki JK. Epitaxy, exfoliation, and strain-induced magnetism in rippled Heusler membranes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2494. [PMID: 33941781 PMCID: PMC8093223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-crystalline membranes of functional materials enable the tuning of properties via extreme strain states; however, conventional routes for producing membranes require the use of sacrificial layers and chemical etchants, which can both damage the membrane and limit the ability to make them ultrathin. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of the cubic Heusler compound GdPtSb on graphene-terminated Al2O3 substrates. Despite the presence of the graphene interlayer, the Heusler films have epitaxial registry to the underlying sapphire, as revealed by x-ray diffraction, reflection high energy electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The weak Van der Waals interactions of graphene enable mechanical exfoliation to yield free-standing GdPtSb membranes, which form ripples when transferred to a flexible polymer handle. Whereas unstrained GdPtSb is antiferromagnetic, measurements on rippled membranes show a spontaneous magnetic moment at room temperature, with a saturation magnetization of 5.2 bohr magneton per Gd. First-principles calculations show that the coupling to homogeneous strain is too small to induce ferromagnetism, suggesting a dominant role for strain gradients. Our membranes provide a novel platform for tuning the magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds via strain (piezomagnetism and magnetostriction) and strain gradients (flexomagnetism).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Du
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sebastian Manzo
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vivek Saraswat
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Konrad T Genser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Karin M Rabe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul M Voyles
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason K Kawasaki
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Han K, Wu L, Cao Y, Wang H, Ye C, Huang K, Motapothula M, Xing H, Li X, Qi DC, Li X, Renshaw Wang X. Enhanced Metal-Insulator Transition in Freestanding VO 2 Down to 5 nm Thickness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:16688-16693. [PMID: 33793182 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin freestanding membranes with a pronounced metal-insulator transition (MIT) have huge potential for future flexible electronic applications as well as provide a unique aspect for the study of lattice-electron interplay. However, the reduction of the thickness to an ultrathin region (a few nm) is typically detrimental to the MIT in epitaxial films, and even catastrophic for their freestanding form. Here, we report an enhanced MIT in VO2-based freestanding membranes, with a lateral size up to millimeters and the VO2 thickness down to 5 nm. The VO2 membranes were detached by dissolving a Sr3Al2O6 sacrificial layer between the VO2 thin film and the c-Al2O3(0001) substrate, allowing the transfer onto arbitrary surfaces. Furthermore, the MIT in the VO2 membrane was greatly enhanced by inserting an intermediate Al2O3 buffer layer. In comparison with the best available ultrathin VO2 membranes, the enhancement of MIT is over 400% at a 5 nm VO2 thickness and more than 1 order of magnitude for VO2 above 10 nm. Our study widens the spectrum of functionality in ultrathin and large-scale membranes and enables the potential integration of MIT into flexible electronics and photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Han
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650093, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3 117583, Singapore
| | - Hanyu Wang
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ke Huang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - M Motapothula
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala SE-75120, Sweden
- Department of Physics, SRM University AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522-502, India
| | - Hongna Xing
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Dong-Chen Qi
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Xiao Li
- Center for Quantum Transport and Thermal Energy Science (CQTES), School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - X Renshaw Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
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62
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Lee J, Ha Y, Lee S. Hydrogen Control of Double Exchange Interaction in La 0.67 Sr 0.33 MnO 3 for Ionic-Electric-Magnetic Coupled Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007606. [PMID: 33576067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic tuning of ion concentrations has attracted significant attention for creating versatile functionalities of materials, which are impossible to reach using classical control knobs. Despite these merits, the following fundamental questions remain: how do ions affect the electronic bandstructure, and how do ions simultaneously change the electrical and magnetic properties? Here, by annealing platinum-dotted La0.67 Sr0.33 MnO3 films in hydrogen and argon at a lower temperature of 200 °C for several minutes, a reversible change in resistivity is achieved by three orders of magnitude with tailored ferromagnetic magnetization. The transition occurs through the tuning of the double exchange interaction, ascribed to an electron-doping-induced and/or a lattice-expansion-induced modulation, along with an increase in the hydrogen concentration. High reproducibility, long-term stability, and multilevel linearity are appealing for ionic-electric-magnetic coupled applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyoung Ha
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinbuhm Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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63
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Xu L, Liu Q, Meng J, Liao W, Liu X, Zhang H. Eu-Mn Charge Transfer and the Strong Charge-Spin-Electronic Coupling Behavior in EuMnO 3. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1367-1379. [PMID: 33434017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on first-principles calculations with the DFT + U method, the couplings of lattice, charge, spin, and electronic behaviors underlying the Eu-Mn charge transfer in a strongly correlated system of EuMnO3 were investigated. The potential valence transition from Eu3+/Mn3+ to Eu2+/Mn4+ was observed in a compressed lattice with little distortions, which is achieved under hydrostatic pressure and external strain. The intraplane antiferromagnetism (AFM) of Mn is proved to be instrumental in the emergence of Eu2+. Furthermore, we calculated the magnetic exchange interactions within two equilibrium structures of Eu3+Mn3+O3 and Eu2+Mn4+O3. Mn-Mn ferromagnetic exchange in the ab-plane is enhanced strongly in the Eu2+Mn4+O3 structure, contributing to the existence of mixed states. The versatile electronic structures were obtained within the Eu2+Mn4+O3 phase by imposing different magnetic configurations on the Eu and Mn sublattice, attributed to the coupling of charge transfer and magnetic orderings. It is found that the intraplane ferromagnetic ordering of Mn leads to a metallic electronic structure with the coexistence of Eu2+ and Eu3+, while the intraplane AFM Mn spin ordering leads to insulating states only with Eu2+. Notably, a half-metallic characteristic emerges at the magnetic ground state of CF ordering (C-type AFM for the Eu sublattice and ferromagnetic for the Mn sublattice), which makes such a supposed phase more intriguing than the conventional experimental phase. Additionally, the mixture of delocalized 4f with 5d states of Eu in the background of Mn 3d and O 2p orbitals implies a pathway of Eu 4f 5d ↔ O 2p ↔ Mn 3d for charge transfer between Eu and Mn. Our calculation shows that the Eu-Mn charge transfer could be expected in compressed EuMnO3 and the introduction of Eu2+ 4f states near the Fermi level plays an important role in manipulating the interlinks of charge and spin together with electronic behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingshi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junling Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Wuping Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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64
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Dong G, Li S, Li T, Wu H, Nan T, Wang X, Liu H, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Qu W, Zhao Y, Peng B, Wang Z, Hu Z, Luo Z, Ren W, Pennycook SJ, Li J, Sun J, Ye ZG, Jiang Z, Zhou Z, Ding X, Min T, Liu M. Periodic Wrinkle-Patterned Single-Crystalline Ferroelectric Oxide Membranes with Enhanced Piezoelectricity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004477. [PMID: 33135253 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled membranes with periodic wrinkled patterns are the critical building blocks of various flexible electronics, where the wrinkles are usually designed and fabricated to provide distinct functionalities. These membranes are typically metallic and organic materials with good ductility that are tolerant of complex deformation. However, the preparation of oxide membranes, especially those with intricate wrinkle patterns, is challenging due to their inherently strong covalent or ionic bonding, which usually leads to material crazing and brittle fracture. Here, wrinkle-patterned BaTiO3 (BTO)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) membranes with finely controlled parallel, zigzag, and mosaic patterns are prepared. The BTO layers show excellent flexibility and can form well-ordered and periodic wrinkles under compressive in-plane stress. Enhanced piezoelectricity is observed at the sites of peaks and valleys of the wrinkles where the largest strain gradient is generated. Atomistic simulations further reveal that the excellent elasticity and the correlated coupling between polarization and strain/strain gradient are strongly associated with ferroelectric domain switching and continuous dipole rotation. The out-of-plane polarization is primarily generated at compressive regions, while the in-plane polarization dominates at the tensile regions. The wrinkled ferroelectric oxides with differently strained regions and correlated polarization distributions would pave a way toward novel flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Dong
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Suzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum System, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Haijun Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Tianxiang Nan
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuxin Cheng
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wanbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Peng
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhiguang Wang
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhongqiang Hu
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenlin Luo
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory & CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Stephen J Pennycook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zuo-Guang Ye
- Department of Chemistry & 4D LABS, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum System, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tai Min
- Center for Spintronics and Quantum System, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, the International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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65
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Abstract
Magnetically driven thermal changes in magnetocaloric materials have, for several decades, been exploited to pump heat near room temperature. By contrast, their electrocaloric and mechanocaloric counterparts have only been intensively studied and exploited for little more than a decade. These different caloric strands have recently been unified to yield a single field of research that could help combat climate change by generating better heat pumps for both cooling and heating. Here we outline the timeliness of the present activity and discuss recent advances in caloric measurements, materials, and prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Moya
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - N D Mathur
- Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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66
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Pesquera D, Parsonnet E, Qualls A, Xu R, Gubser AJ, Kim J, Jiang Y, Velarde G, Huang YL, Hwang HY, Ramesh R, Martin LW. Beyond Substrates: Strain Engineering of Ferroelectric Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003780. [PMID: 32964567 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering in perovskite oxides provides for dramatic control over material structure, phase, and properties, but is restricted by the discrete strain states produced by available high-quality substrates. Here, using the ferroelectric BaTiO3 , production of precisely strain-engineered, substrate-released nanoscale membranes is demonstrated via an epitaxial lift-off process that allows the high crystalline quality of films grown on substrates to be replicated. In turn, fine structural tuning is achieved using interlayer stress in symmetric trilayer oxide-metal/ferroelectric/oxide-metal structures fabricated from the released membranes. In devices integrated on silicon, the interlayer stress provides deterministic control of ordering temperature (from 75 to 425 °C) and releasing the substrate clamping is shown to dramatically impact ferroelectric switching and domain dynamics (including reducing coercive fields to <10 kV cm-1 and improving switching times to <5 ns for a 20 µm diameter capacitor in a 100-nm-thick film). In devices integrated on flexible polymers, enhanced room-temperature dielectric permittivity with large mechanical tunability (a 90% change upon ±0.1% strain application) is demonstrated. This approach paves the way toward the fabrication of ultrafast CMOS-compatible ferroelectric memories and ultrasensitive flexible nanosensor devices, and it may also be leveraged for the stabilization of novel phases and functionalities not achievable via direct epitaxial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pesquera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Eric Parsonnet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Qualls
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Andrew J Gubser
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Gabriel Velarde
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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67
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Large magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic oxide heterostructures assembled via epitaxial lift-off. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3190. [PMID: 32581280 PMCID: PMC7314756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitaxial films may be released from growth substrates and transferred to structurally and chemically incompatible substrates, but epitaxial films of transition metal perovskite oxides have not been transferred to electroactive substrates for voltage control of their myriad functional properties. Here we demonstrate good strain transmission at the incoherent interface between a strain-released film of epitaxially grown ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and an electroactive substrate of ferroelectric 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.32PbTiO3 in a different crystallographic orientation. Our strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling compares well with respect to epitaxial heterostructures, where the epitaxy responsible for strong coupling can degrade film magnetization via strain and dislocations. Moreover, the electrical switching of magnetic anisotropy is repeatable and non-volatile. High-resolution magnetic vector maps reveal that micromagnetic behaviour is governed by electrically controlled strain and cracks in the film. Our demonstration should inspire others to control the physical/chemical properties in strain-released epitaxial oxide films by using electroactive substrates to impart strain via non-epitaxial interfaces. Key properties of transition metal perovskite oxides are degraded after epitaxial growth on ferroelectric substrates due to lattice-mismatch strain. Here, the authors use epitaxial lift-off and transfer to overcome this problem and demonstrate electric field control of a bulk-like magnetization.
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68
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Strain-induced room-temperature ferroelectricity in SrTiO 3 membranes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3141. [PMID: 32561835 PMCID: PMC7305178 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in complex oxide heteroepitaxy have highlighted the enormous potential of utilizing strain engineering via lattice mismatch to control ferroelectricity in thin-film heterostructures. This approach, however, lacks the ability to produce large and continuously variable strain states, thus limiting the potential for designing and tuning the desired properties of ferroelectric films. Here, we observe and explore dynamic strain-induced ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 by laminating freestanding oxide films onto a stretchable polymer substrate. Using a combination of scanning probe microscopy, optical second harmonic generation measurements, and atomistic modeling, we demonstrate robust room-temperature ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 with 2.0% uniaxial tensile strain, corroborated by the notable features of 180° ferroelectric domains and an extrapolated transition temperature of 400 K. Our work reveals the enormous potential of employing oxide membranes to create and enhance ferroelectricity in environmentally benign lead-free oxides, which hold great promise for applications ranging from non-volatile memories and microwave electronics. Previous approach lacks the ability to produce large and continuously tunable strain states due to the limited number of available substrates. Here, the authors demonstrate strain-induced ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 membranes by laminating freestanding SrTiO3 films onto a stretchable polymer.
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69
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Abstract
A nanoscale membrane enables exploration of large tensile strains on complex oxides
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Affiliation(s)
- Christianne Beekman
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA.
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