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Cortical plasticity as synaptic mechanism for chronic pain. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 127:567-573. [PMID: 31493094 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult brain structures such as the hippocampus are highly plastic to learning and gaining new experiences. Recent studies reveal that cortical areas that respond to sensory noxious stimuli (stimuli that cause pain in humans) are also highly plastic, like the learning-related hippocampus. Long-term potentiation (LTP), a key cellular model for learning and memory, is reported in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (IC), two key cortical areas for pain perception. ACC and IC LTP exist in at least two major forms: presynaptically expressed LTP, and postsynaptically expressed LTP (post-LTP). In this short review, I will review, recent progress made in cortical LTPs, and explore potential roles of other forms of LTPs such as synaptic tagging. Their contribution to chronic pain as well as emotional changes caused by injury will be discussed.
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Kim MJ, Lee RU, Oh J, Choi JE, Kim H, Lee K, Hwang SK, Lee JH, Lee JA, Kaang BK, Lim CS, Lee YS. Spatial Learning and Motor Deficits in Vacuolar Protein Sorting-associated Protein 13b ( Vps13b) Mutant Mouse. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:485-494. [PMID: 31495077 PMCID: PMC6751864 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.4.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13B (VPS13B), also known as COH1, is one of the VPS13 family members which is involved in transmembrane transport, Golgi integrity, and neuritogenesis. Mutations in the VPS13B gene are associated with Cohen syndrome and other cognitive disorders such as intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the patho-physiology of VPS13B-associated cognitive deficits is unclear, in part, due to the lack of animal models. Here, we generated a Vps13b exon 2 deletion mutant mouse and analyzed the behavioral phenotypes. We found that Vps13b mutant mice showed reduced activity in open field test and significantly shorter latency to fall in the rotarod test, suggesting that the mutants have motor deficits. In addition, we found that Vps13b mutant mice showed deficits in spatial learning in the hidden platform version of the Morris water maze. The Vps13b mutant mice were normal in other behaviors such as anxiety-like behaviors, working memory and social behaviors. Our results suggest that Vps13b mutant mice may recapitulate key clinical symptoms in Cohen syndrome such as intellectual disability and hypotonia. Vps13b mutant mice may serve as a useful model to investigate the pathophysiology of VPS13B-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ro Un Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jihae Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ja Eun Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyopil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Behavioral Neural Circuitry and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University Graduate School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Su-Kyeong Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Jin-A Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Korea
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chae-Seok Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Miao HH, Li XH, Chen QY, Zhuo M. Calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 is required for presynaptic long-term potentiation in the insular cortex of adult mice. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919842961. [PMID: 30900503 PMCID: PMC6480986 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919842961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that presynaptic long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex may contribute to chronic pain-related anxiety. In addition to the anterior cingulate cortex, the insular cortex has also been indicated in chronic pain and its related emotional disorders. In the present study, we used a 64-channel multielectrode dish (MED64) system to record pre-long-term potentiation in the insular cortex. We showed that low-frequency stimulation paired with a GluK1-containing kainate receptor agonist induced N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-independent pre-long-term potentiation in the insular cortex of wild-type mice. This form of pre-long-term potentiation was blocked in the insular cortex of adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) knockout mice. Furthermore, a selective AC1 inhibitor NB001 blocked pre-long-term potentiation in the insular cortex with a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that AC1 contributes to pre-long-term potentiation in the insular cortex of adult mice and NB001 may produce anxiolytic effects by inhibiting pre-long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex and insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Miao
- 1 Department of Anesthesia, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,2 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xu-Hui Li
- 2 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qi-Yu Chen
- 2 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Min Zhuo
- 2 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.,3 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Fu W, Nelson TS, Santos DF, Doolen S, Gutierrez JJ, Ye N, Zhou J, Taylor B. An NPY Y1 receptor antagonist unmasks latent sensitization and reveals the contribution of protein kinase A and Epac to chronic inflammatory pain. Pain 2019; 160:1754-1765. [PMID: 31335645 PMCID: PMC6903783 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral inflammation produces a long-lasting latent sensitization of spinal nociceptive neurons, that is, masked by tonic inhibitory controls. We explored mechanisms of latent sensitization with an established four-step approach: (1) induction of inflammation; (2) allow pain hypersensitivity to resolve; (3) interrogate latent sensitization with a channel blocker, mutant mouse, or receptor antagonist; and (4) disrupt compensatory inhibition with a receptor antagonist so as to reinstate pain hypersensitivity. We found that the neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist BIBO3304 reinstated pain hypersensitivity, indicative of an unmasking of latent sensitization. BIBO3304-evoked reinstatement was not observed in AC1 knockout mice and was prevented with intrathecal co-administration of a pharmacological blocker to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1), protein kinase A (PKA), transient receptor potential cation channel A1 (TRPA1), channel V1 (TRPV1), or exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac1 or Epac2). A PKA activator evoked both pain reinstatement and touch-evoked pERK expression in dorsal horn; the former was prevented with intrathecal co-administration of a TRPA1 or TRPV1 blocker. An Epac activator also evoked pain reinstatement and pERK expression. We conclude that PKA and Epac are sufficient to maintain long-lasting latent sensitization of dorsal horn neurons that is kept in remission by the NPY-Y1 receptor system. Furthermore, we have identified and characterized 2 novel molecular signaling pathways in the dorsal horn that drive latent sensitization in the setting of chronic inflammatory pain: NMDAR→AC1→PKA→TRPA1/V1 and NMDAR→AC1→Epac1/2. New treatments for chronic inflammatory pain might either increase endogenous NPY analgesia or inhibit AC1, PKA, or Epac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Fu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington KY, USA
| | - Tyler S. Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Opiate Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Diogo F. Santos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Opiate Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Suzanne Doolen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Opiate Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Javier J.P. Gutierrez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Opiate Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Na Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington KY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, and the Opiate Research Center at the University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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55
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Li XH, Matsuura T, Liu RH, Xue M, Zhuo M. Calcitonin gene-related peptide potentiated the excitatory transmission and network propagation in the anterior cingulate cortex of adult mice. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919832718. [PMID: 30717631 PMCID: PMC6396051 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919832718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays critical roles in chronic pain, especially in migraine. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies have shown that CGRP and its receptors are expressed in cortical areas including pain perception-related prefrontal anterior cingulate cortex. However, less information is available for the functional roles of CGRP in cortical regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Recent studies have consistently demonstrated that long-term potentiation is a key cellular mechanism for chronic pain in the ACC. In the present study, we used 64-electrode array field recording system to investigate the effect of CGRP on excitatory transmission in the ACC. We found that CGRP induced potentiation of synaptic transmission in a dose-dependently manner (1, 10, 50, and 100 nM). CGRP also recruited inactive circuit in the ACC. An application of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 blocked CGRP-induced chemical long-term potentiation and the recruitment of inactive channels. CGRP-induced long-term potentiation was also blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist AP-5. Consistently, the application of CGRP increased NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents. Finally, we found that CGRP-induced long-term potentiation required the activation of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) and protein kinase A. Genetic deletion of AC1 using AC1−/− mice, an AC1 inhibitor NB001 or a protein kinase A inhibitor KT5720, all reduced or blocked CGRP-induced potentiation. Our results provide direct evidence that CGRP may contribute to synaptic potentiation in important physiological and pathological conditions in the ACC, an AC1 inhibitor NB001 may be beneficial for the treatment of chronic headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Hui Li
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,3 Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ren-Hao Liu
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Xue
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- 1 Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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56
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Protein Kinase C Lambda Mediates Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a-Dependent Cortical Synaptic Plasticity and Pain Hypersensitivity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5773-5793. [PMID: 31101759 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0213-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a serious debilitating disease for which effective treatment is still lacking. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) has been implicated in nociceptive processing at both peripheral and spinal neurons. However, whether ASIC1a also contributes to pain perception at the supraspinal level remains elusive. Here, we report that ASIC1a in ACC is required for thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity associated with chronic pain. ACC-specific genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of ASIC1a reduced the probability of cortical LTP induction and attenuated inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in male mice. Using cell type-specific manipulations, we demonstrate that ASIC1a in excitatory neurons of ACC is a major player in cortical LTP and pain behavior. Mechanistically, we show that ASIC1a tuned pain-related cortical plasticity through protein kinase C λ-mediated increase of membrane trafficking of AMPAR subunit GluA1 in ACC. Importantly, postapplication of ASIC1a inhibitors in ACC reversed previously established nociceptive hypersensitivity in both chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain models. These results suggest that ASIC1a critically contributes to a higher level of pain processing through synaptic potentiation in ACC, which may serve as a promising analgesic target for treatment of chronic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic pain is a debilitating disease that still lacks effective therapy. Ion channels are good candidates for developing new analgesics. Here, we provide several lines of evidence to support an important role of cortically located ASIC1a channel in pain hypersensitivity through promoting long-term synaptic potentiation in the ACC. Our results indicate a promising translational potential of targeting ASIC1a to treat chronic pain.
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57
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Yao PW, Wang SK, Chen SX, Xin WJ, Liu XG, Zang Y. Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to neuropathic pain and pain-associated aversion. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104456. [PMID: 31028871 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury associated pain involves subjective perception and emotional experience. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key area involved in the affective component of pain processing. However, the neuroimmune mechanisms underlying enhanced ACC excitability following peripheral nerve injury are still not fully understood. Our previous work has shown that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) overexpression leads to peripheral afferent hyperexcitability and synaptic transmission potentiation in spinal cord. Here, we aimed to reveal the potential role of ACC TNF-α in ACC hyperexcitability and neuropathic pain. c-Fos, a widely used neuronal activity marker, was induced especially in contralateral ACC early [postoperative (PO) 1 h] and later (PO day 7 and 10) during the development of neuropathic pain. Spared nerve injury (SNI) elevated TNF-α level in contralateral ACC from PO day 5 to 14, delayed relative to decreased ipsilateral paw withdrawal threshold apparent from PO day 1 to 14. Microinjection of anti-TNF-α antibody into the ACC completely eliminated c-Fos overexpression and greatly attenuated pain aversion and mechanical allodynia induced by SNI, suggesting an important role of ACC TNF-α in the pain aversiveness and pain maintenance. Furthermore, modulating ACC pyramidal neurons via a Gi-coupled human M4 muscarinic receptor (hM4Di) or a Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3Dq), a type of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD), greatly changed the ACC TNF-α level and the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold. The positive interactions between TNF-α and ACC neurons might modulate the cytokine microenvironment thus contribute to the neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Yao
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shao-Kun Wang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Shao-Xia Chen
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xian-Guo Liu
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Ying Zang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd. 2, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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58
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Price T, Brust TF. Adenylyl cyclase 7 and neuropsychiatric disorders: A new target for depression? Pharmacol Res 2019; 143:106-112. [PMID: 30904753 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) are enzymes that catalyze the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Humans express nine isoforms of membranous ACs and a soluble AC. Studies with genetic knockout or overexpression rodent models have indicated that AC isoforms may be targeted to achieve specific therapeutic outcomes. AC1, for instance, has been suggested and pursued as a target for relieving pain. Notably, previous studies examining genetically modified mice as well as human genetic polymorphisms have suggested a link between AC7 activity and depressive disorders. In the present review we present an overview on AC function and discuss the most recent developments to target AC isoforms for drug therapies. We next focus on discussing the available literature on the molecular and animal pharmacology of AC7 highlighting the available studies on the role of AC7 in depressive disorders. In addition, we discuss other possible physiological functions of AC7 relating to ethanol effects and the immune system and conclude with considerations about pharmacological modulation of AC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatum Price
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL 33416, United States
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL 33416, United States..
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59
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Griggs RB, Santos DF, Laird DE, Doolen S, Donahue RR, Wessel CR, Fu W, Sinha GP, Wang P, Zhou J, Brings S, Fleming T, Nawroth PP, Susuki K, Taylor BK. Methylglyoxal and a spinal TRPA1-AC1-Epac cascade facilitate pain in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:76-86. [PMID: 30807826 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a devastating neurological complication of diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a reactive metabolite whose elevation in the plasma corresponds to PDN in patients and pain-like behavior in rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Here, we addressed the MG-related spinal mechanisms of PDN in type 2 diabetes using db/db mice, an established model of type 2 diabetes, and intrathecal injection of MG in conventional C57BL/6J mice. Administration of either a MG scavenger (GERP10) or a vector overexpressing glyoxalase 1, the catabolic enzyme for MG, attenuated heat hypersensitivity in db/db mice. In C57BL/6J mice, intrathecal administration of MG produced signs of both evoked (heat and mechanical hypersensitivity) and affective (conditioned place avoidance) pain. MG-induced Ca2+ mobilization in lamina II dorsal horn neurons of C57BL/6J mice was exacerbated in db/db, suggestive of MG-evoked central sensitization. Pharmacological and/or genetic inhibition of transient receptor potential ankyrin subtype 1 (TRPA1), adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1), protein kinase A (PKA), or exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Epac) blocked MG-evoked hypersensitivity in C57BL/6J mice. Similarly, intrathecal administration of GERP10, or inhibitors of TRPA1 (HC030031), AC1 (NB001), or Epac (HJC-0197) attenuated hypersensitivity in db/db mice. We conclude that MG and sensitization of a spinal TRPA1-AC1-Epac signaling cascade facilitate PDN in db/db mice. Our results warrant clinical investigation of MG scavengers, glyoxalase inducers, and spinally-directed pharmacological inhibitors of a MG-TRPA1-AC1-Epac pathway for the treatment of PDN in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Griggs
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America.
| | - Diogo F Santos
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Don E Laird
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Doolen
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Renee R Donahue
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Caitlin R Wessel
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Weisi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Ghanshyam P Sinha
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 400 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital of Heidelberg, INF 410 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Keiichiro Susuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology and Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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60
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Morphine effects within the rodent anterior cingulate cortex and rostral ventromedial medulla reveal separable modulation of affective and sensory qualities of acute or chronic pain. Pain 2019; 159:2512-2521. [PMID: 30086115 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of pain may result from engagement of opioid receptors in multiple brain regions. Whether sensory and affective qualities of pain are differentially affected by brain opioid receptor circuits remains unclear. We previously reported that opioid actions within the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) produce selective modulation of affective qualities of neuropathic pain in rodents, but whether such effects may occur in other areas of the ACC is not known. Here, morphine was microinjected into 3 regions of the ACC or into the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), and pain behaviors in naive, sham, or spinal nerve ligated (SNL) rats were evaluated. In naive animals, the tail-flick response was inhibited by RVM, but not ACC, morphine. Anterior cingulate cortex morphine did not affect tactile allodynia (the von Frey test) or mechanical (Randall-Selitto) or thermal (Hargreaves) hyperalgesia in spinal nerve ligated rats. In contrary, RVM morphine reduced tactile allodynia and produced both antihyperalgesic and analgesic effects against mechanical and thermal stimuli as well as conditioned place preference selectively in nerve-injured rats. Within the RVM, opioids inhibit nociceptive transmission reflected in both withdrawal thresholds and affective pain behaviors. Activation of mu opioid receptors within specific rostral ACC circuits, however, selectively modulates affective dimensions of ongoing pain without altering withdrawal behaviors. These data suggest that RVM and ACC opioid circuits differentially modulate sensory and affective qualities of pain, allowing for optimal behaviors that promote escape and survival. Targeting specific ACC opioid circuits may allow for treatment of chronic pain while preserving the physiological function of acute pain.
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61
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Kaur J, Soto-Velasquez M, Ding Z, Ghanbarpour A, Lill MA, van Rijn RM, Watts VJ, Flaherty DP. Optimization of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole series for inhibition of Ca 2+/calmodulin-stimulated activity of adenylyl cyclases 1 and 8 for the treatment of chronic pain. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:568-585. [PMID: 30472604 PMCID: PMC6310635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases type 1 (AC1) and 8 (AC8) are group 1 transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (AC) that are stimulated by Ca2+/calmodulin. Studies have shown that mice depleted of AC1 have attenuated inflammatory pain response, while AC1/AC8 double-knockout mice display both attenuated pain response and opioid dependence. Thus, AC1 has emerged as a promising new target for treating chronic pain and opioid abuse. We discovered that the 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold inhibits Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) production in cells stably expressing either AC1 or AC8. We then carried out structure-activity relationship studies, in which we designed and synthesized 65 analogs, to modulate potency and selectivity versus each AC isoform in cells. Furthermore, molecular docking of the analogs into an AC1 homology model suggests the molecules may bind at the ATP binding site. Finally, a prioritized analog was tested in a mouse model of inflammatory pain and exhibited modest analgesic properties. In summary, our data indicate the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles represent a novel scaffold for the cellular inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated AC1- and AC8 cAMP and warrant further exploration as potential lead compounds for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Monica Soto-Velasquez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ahmadreza Ghanbarpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Markus A Lill
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Abstract
Increasing evidence consistently indicates that cortical mechanisms play important roles in chronic pain and its emotional disorders. Central synapses, especially excitatory synapses, are undergoing long-term memory-like plastic changes after peripheral injury. These changes not only occur at the single synaptic level, but also take place at cortical and subcortical circuits. Consequently, neuronal responses to peripheral sensory stimuli, or even to sensory inputs triggered by normal physiological signals such as touch and movement, are significantly potentiated or increased. Such prolonged cortical excitation likely contributes to chronic pain and its related emotional changes. In this short review article, I will summarize recent progress using animal models and explore possible different mechanisms that may contribute to chronic pain in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada; Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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63
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Cheng Y, Huang P, Meng B, Gan L, Wu D, Cao Y. Antinociceptive effects of the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor ST034307 on tooth-movement-induced nociception in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:81-86. [PMID: 30465937 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of the selective adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1) inhibitor ST034307 on tooth movement nociception through orofacial nociceptive behavior tests and molecular examination. METHODS We placed fixed nickel-titanium alloy closed-coil springs around the incisors of male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce tooth movement. We subsequently administered ST034307 (3 mg/kg), for 2 days, intraperitoneally, and then subjected the rats to a battery of behavioral tests (n = 10/group) to assess orofacial nociception. The changes in the expression of key molecules in the anterior cingulate cortex were measured by ELISA (n = 8/group) and Western blotting (n = 8/group). RESULTS Tooth movement increased face-grooming activities and rat grimace scale scores. Tooth movement was also associated with enhanced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation as well as protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Moreover, the phosphorylation of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex increased during tooth movement. ST034307 significantly decreased mouth wiping and rat grimace scale scores, accompanied by reductions in cAMP generation, PKA activation, AMPA receptor phosphorylation, and NMDA receptor expression in the anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that adenylyl cyclase type 1 plays an important role in the development of orthodontic tooth movement nociception. Furthermore, ST034307 can be used as an effective pharmacotherapy for orthodontic nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peina Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Gan
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongle Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Orthodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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64
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Česnek M, Skácel J, Jansa P, Dračínský M, Šmídková M, Mertlíková-Kaiserová H, Soto-Velasquez MP, Watts VJ, Janeba Z. Nucleobase Modified Adefovir (PMEA) Analogues as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Adenylate Cyclases from Bordetella pertussis and Bacillus anthracis. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1779-1796. [PMID: 29968968 PMCID: PMC6415679 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of 13 acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) as bisamidate prodrugs was prepared. Five compounds were found to be non-cytotoxic and selective inhibitors of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) in J774A.1 macrophage cell-based assays. The 8-aza-7-deazapurine derivative of adefovir (PMEA) was found to be the most potent ACT inhibitor in the series (IC50 =16 nm) with substantial selectivity over mammalian adenylate cyclases (mACs). AC inhibitory properties of the most potent analogues were confirmed by direct evaluation of the corresponding phosphonodiphosphates in cell-free assays and were found to be potent inhibitors of both ACT and edema factor (EF) from Bacillus anthracis (IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 21 nm). Moreover, 7-halo-7-deazapurine analogues of PMEA were discovered to be potent and selective mammalian AC1 inhibitors (no inhibition of AC2 and AC5) with IC50 values ranging from 4.1 to 5.6 μm in HEK293 cell-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Česnek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skácel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jansa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Šmídková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková-Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Monica P Soto-Velasquez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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65
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66
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Selective Adenylyl Cyclase Type 1 Inhibitors as Potential Opioid Alternatives For Chronic Pain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:215-216. [PMID: 29192658 PMCID: PMC5719099 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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67
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Griggs RB, Laird DE, Donahue RR, Fu W, Taylor BK. Methylglyoxal Requires AC1 and TRPA1 to Produce Pain and Spinal Neuron Activation. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:679. [PMID: 29270106 PMCID: PMC5723675 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolite of glucose that may contribute to peripheral neuropathy and pain in diabetic patients. MG increases intracellular calcium in sensory neurons and produces behavioral nociception via the cation channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1). However, rigorous characterization of an animal model of methylglyoxal-evoked pain is needed, including testing whether methylglyoxal promotes negative pain affect. Furthermore, it remains unknown whether methylglyoxal is sufficient to activate neurons in the spinal cord dorsal horn, whether this requires TRPA1, and if the calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase 1 isoform (AC1) contributes to MG-evoked pain. We administered intraplantar methylglyoxal and then evaluated immunohistochemical phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and multiple pain-like behaviors in wild-type rats and mice and after disruption of either TRPA1 or AC1. Methylglyoxal produced conditioned place avoidance (CPA) (a measure of affective pain), dose-dependent licking and lifting nociceptive behaviors, hyperalgesia to heat and mechanical stimulation, and p-ERK in the spinal cord dorsal horn. TRPA1 knockout or intrathecal administration of a TRPA1 antagonist (HC030031) attenuated methylglyoxal-evoked p-ERK, nociception, and hyperalgesia. AC1 knockout abolished hyperalgesia but not nociceptive behaviors. These results indicate that intraplantar administration of methylglyoxal recapitulates multiple signs of painful diabetic neuropathy found in animal models of or patients with diabetes, including the activation of spinal nociresponsive neurons and the potential involvement of a TRPA1-AC1 sensitization mechanism. We conclude that administration of MG is a valuable model for investigating both peripheral and central components of a MG-TRPA1-AC1 pathway that contribute to painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Griggs
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Don E Laird
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Renee R Donahue
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.,Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Weisi Fu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.,Center for Analgesia Research Excellence, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States.,Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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68
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Bosse KE, Oginsky MF, Susick LL, Ramalingam S, Ferrario CR, Conti AC. Adenylyl Cyclase 1 Is Required for Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Associated Increases in NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation and Function in the Dorsal Medial Striatum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:148-155. [PMID: 28838956 PMCID: PMC5625283 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroadaptive responses to chronic ethanol, such as behavioral sensitization, are associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) recruitment. Ethanol enhances GluN2B-containing NMDAR function and phosphorylation (Tyr-1472) of the GluN2B-NMDAR subunit in the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) through a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathway. Ethanol-induced phosphorylation of PKA substrates is partially mediated by calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1), which is enriched in the dorsal striatum. As such, AC1 is poised as an upstream modulator of ethanol-induced DMS neuroadaptations that promote drug responding, and thus represents a therapeutic target. Our hypothesis is that loss of AC1 activity will prevent ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization and associated DMS GluN2B-NMDAR adaptations. We evaluated AC1's contribution to ethanol-evoked locomotor responses and DMS GluN2B-NMDAR phosphorylation and function using AC1 knockout (AC1KO) mice. Results were mechanistically validated with the AC1 inhibitor, NB001. Acute ethanol (2.0 g/kg) locomotor responses in AC1KO and wild-type (WT) mice pretreated with NB001 (10 mg/kg) were comparable to WT ethanol controls. However, repeated ethanol treatment (10 days, 2.5 g/kg) failed to produce sensitization in AC1KO or NB001 pretreated mice, as observed in WT ethanol controls, following challenge exposure (2.0 g/kg). Repeated exposure to ethanol in the sensitization procedure significantly increased pTyr-1472 GluN2B levels and GluN2B-containing NMDAR transmission in the DMS of WT mice. Loss of AC1 signaling impaired ethanol-induced increases in DMS pGluN2B levels and NMDAR-mediated transmission. Together, these data support a critical and specific role for AC1 in striatal signaling that mediates ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization, and identify GluN2B-containing NMDARs as an important AC1 target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Bosse
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Max F Oginsky
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Laura L Susick
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Sailesh Ramalingam
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Alana C Conti
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
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69
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Selective Phosphorylation of AMPA Receptor Contributes to the Network of Long-Term Potentiation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. J Neurosci 2017; 37:8534-8548. [PMID: 28765333 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0925-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluA1 plays important roles in synaptic potentiation. Most previous studies have been performed in the hippocampus, while the roles of GluA1 phosphorylation in the cortex remain unknown. Here we investigated the involvement of the phosphorylation of GluA1 in the LTP in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) using mice with a GluA1 knock-in mutation at the PKA phosphorylation site serine 845 (s845A) or CaMKII/PKC phosphorylation site serine 831 (s831A). The network LTP, which is constructed by multiple recordings of LTP at different locations within the ACC, was also investigated. We found that the expression of LTP and network LTP was significantly impaired in the s845A mice, but not in the s831A mice. By contrast, basal synaptic transmission and NMDA receptor-mediated responses were not affected. Furthermore, to uncover potential information under the current acquired data, a new method for reconstruction and better visualization of the signals was developed to observe the spatial localizations and dynamic temporal changes of fEPSP signals and multiple LTP responses within the ACC circuit. Our results provide strong evidence that PKA phosphorylation of the GluA1 is important for the network LTP expression in the ACC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Previous studies have shown that PKA and PKC phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluA1 plays critical roles in LTP in the hippocampus, while the roles of GluA1 phosphorylation in the cortex remain unknown. In the present study, by combining a 64-channel multielectrode system and a novel analysis and visualization method, we observed the accurate spatial localization and dynamic temporal changes of network fEPSP signals and LTP responses within the ACC circuit and found that PKA phosphorylation, but not PKC phosphorylation, of the GluA1 is required for LTP in the ACC.
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70
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The Analgesic Effects of (5R,6R)6-(3-Propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1] Octane on a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:1330-1338. [PMID: 28002166 PMCID: PMC5367490 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Published ahead of print December 19, 2016. BACKGROUND: Both pharmacologic and genetic approaches have been used to study the involvement of the muscarinic acetylcholine system in the regulation of chronic pain. Previous studies suggest that the M2 and M4 subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are important targets for the development of chronic pain. (5R,6R)6-(3-Propylthio-1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1] octane (PTAC) has agonist effects on muscarinic M2 and M4 receptors and antagonist effects on muscarinic M1, M3, and M5 receptors. However, its analgesic effects have been less studied. METHODS: Male C57B L/6 mice were anesthetized, and left common peroneal nerve (CPN) ligation was performed to induce neuropathic pain. Before and after the application of PTAC systemically or specifically to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimulation and static weight balance were measured, and the effects of PTAC on the conditioned place preference (CPP) were further evaluated. Western blotting was used to examine the expression of M1 and M2 in the striatum, ACC, and ventral tegmental area. RESULTS: The application of PTAC ([i.p.] intraperitoneal injection) increased the paw withdraw threshold in both the early (0.05 mg/kg, mean difference [95% confidence interval, CI]: 0.19 [0.05–0.32]; 0.10 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.34 [0.22–0.46]) and the late phases (0.05 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.45 [0.39–0.50]; 0.1 mg/kg: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.44 [0.37–0.51]) after nerve injury and rebalanced the weight distribution on the hind paws of mice (L/R ratio: before, 0.56 ± 0.03. 0.05 mg/kg, 1.00 ± 0.04, 0.10 mg/kg, 0.99 ± 0.03); however, it failed to induce place preference in the CPP (0.05 mg/kg, 2-way analysis of variance, P > .05; 0.2 mg/kg, 2-way analysis of variance, P > .05,). At the same doses, the analgesic effects at D3–5 lasted longer than the effects at D14–16. This may be due to the down-regulation of the M2 and M1 in tested brain regions. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggested that PTAC has analgesic effects on the neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury.
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71
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Yamanaka M, Matsuura T, Pan H, Zhuo M. Calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) contributes to LTP in the insular cortex of adult mice. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00338. [PMID: 28721398 PMCID: PMC5498404 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system is a key form of cortical plasticity. The insular cortex (IC) is known to play important roles in pain perception, aversive memory and mood disorders. LTP has been recently reported in the IC, however, the signaling pathway for IC LTP remains unknown. Here, we investigated the synaptic mechanism of IC LTP. We found that IC LTP induced by the pairing protocol was N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) dependent, and expressed postsynaptically, since paired-pulse ratio (PPR) was not affected. Postsynaptic calcium is important for the induction of post-LTP, since the postsynaptic application of BAPTA completely blocked the induction of LTP. Calcium-activated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) is required for potentiation. By contrast, AC8 is not required. Inhibition of Ca2+ permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (CP-AMPARs) or protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) reduced the expression of LTP. Our results suggest that calcium-stimulated AC1, but not AC8, can be a trigger of the induction and maintenance of LTP in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yamanaka
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haili Pan
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS, Conti M, Dove S, Seifert R. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CI. Structures and Small Molecule Modulators of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:93-139. [PMID: 28255005 PMCID: PMC5394921 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1-9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also referred to as AC10). This review will largely focus on mACs. mACs are activated by the G-protein Gαs and regulated by multiple mechanisms. mACs are differentially expressed in tissues and regulate numerous and diverse cell functions. mACs localize in distinct membrane compartments and form signaling complexes. sAC is activated by bicarbonate with physiologic roles first described in testis. Crystal structures of the catalytic core of a hybrid mAC and sAC are available. These structures provide detailed insights into the catalytic mechanism and constitute the basis for the development of isoform-selective activators and inhibitors. Although potent competitive and noncompetitive mAC inhibitors are available, it is challenging to obtain compounds with high isoform selectivity due to the conservation of the catalytic core. Accordingly, caution must be exerted with the interpretation of intact-cell studies. The development of isoform-selective activators, the plant diterpene forskolin being the starting compound, has been equally challenging. There is no known endogenous ligand for the forskolin binding site. Recently, development of selective sAC inhibitors was reported. An emerging field is the association of AC gene polymorphisms with human diseases. For example, mutations in the AC5 gene (ADCY5) cause hyperkinetic extrapyramidal motor disorders. Overall, in contrast to the guanylyl cyclase field, our understanding of the (patho)physiology of AC isoforms and the development of clinically useful drugs targeting ACs is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
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Tsuda M, Koga K, Chen T, Zhuo M. Neuronal and microglial mechanisms for neuropathic pain in the spinal dorsal horn and anterior cingulate cortex. J Neurochem 2017; 141:486-498. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Life Innovation; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kohei Koga
- Department of Neurophysiology; Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine; Hirosaki Japan
- Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an Shaanxi China
- Center for Neuron and Disease; Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shanxi China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology; University of Toronto; Toronto Canada
- Center for Neuron and Disease; Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shanxi China
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Descalzi G, Mitsi V, Purushothaman I, Gaspari S, Avrampou K, Loh YHE, Shen L, Zachariou V. Neuropathic pain promotes adaptive changes in gene expression in brain networks involved in stress and depression. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/471/eaaj1549. [PMID: 28325815 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaj1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a complex chronic condition characterized by various sensory, cognitive, and affective symptoms. A large percentage of patients with neuropathic pain are also afflicted with depression and anxiety disorders, a pattern that is also seen in animal models. Furthermore, clinical and preclinical studies indicate that chronic pain corresponds with adaptations in several brain networks involved in mood, motivation, and reward. Chronic stress is also a major risk factor for depression. We investigated whether chronic pain and stress affect similar molecular mechanisms and whether chronic pain can affect gene expression patterns that are involved in depression. Using two mouse models of neuropathic pain and depression [spared nerve injury (SNI) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)], we performed next-generation RNA sequencing and pathway analysis to monitor changes in gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the periaqueductal gray (PAG). In addition to finding unique transcriptome profiles across these regions, we identified a substantial number of signaling pathway-associated genes with similar changes in expression in both SNI and CUS mice. Many of these genes have been implicated in depression, anxiety, and chronic pain in patients. Our study provides a resource of the changes in gene expression induced by long-term neuropathic pain in three distinct brain regions and reveals molecular connections between pain and chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina Descalzi
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vasiliki Mitsi
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Immanuel Purushothaman
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sevasti Gaspari
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kleopatra Avrampou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yong-Hwee Eddie Loh
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Venetia Zachariou
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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75
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The Role of Adenosine Signaling in Headache: A Review. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7030030. [PMID: 28335379 PMCID: PMC5366829 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is the third most prevalent disease on the planet, yet our understanding of its mechanisms and pathophysiology is surprisingly incomplete. Recent studies have built upon decades of evidence that adenosine, a purine nucleoside that can act as a neuromodulator, is involved in pain transmission and sensitization. Clinical evidence and rodent studies have suggested that adenosine signaling also plays a critical role in migraine headache. This is further supported by the widespread use of caffeine, an adenosine receptor antagonist, in several headache treatments. In this review, we highlight evidence that supports the involvement of adenosine signaling in different forms of headache, headache triggers, and basic headache physiology. This evidence supports adenosine A2A receptors as a critical adenosine receptor subtype involved in headache pain. Adenosine A2A receptor signaling may contribute to headache via the modulation of intracellular Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production or 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in neurons and glia to affect glutamatergic synaptic transmission within the brainstem. This evidence supports the further study of adenosine signaling in headache and potentially illuminates it as a novel therapeutic target for migraine.
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Brust TF, Alongkronrusmee D, Soto-Velasquez M, Baldwin TA, Ye Z, Dai M, Dessauer CW, van Rijn RM, Watts VJ. Identification of a selective small-molecule inhibitor of type 1 adenylyl cyclase activity with analgesic properties. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/467/eaah5381. [PMID: 28223412 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) belongs to a group of adenylyl cyclases (ACs) that are stimulated by calcium in a calmodulin-dependent manner. Studies with AC1 knockout mice suggest that inhibitors of AC1 may be useful for treating pain and opioid dependence. However, nonselective inhibition of AC isoforms could result in substantial adverse effects. We used chemical library screening to identify a selective AC1 inhibitor with a chromone core structure that may represent a new analgesic agent. After demonstrating that the compound (ST034307) inhibited Ca2+-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells stably transfected with AC1 (HEK-AC1 cells), we confirmed selectivity for AC1 by testing against all isoforms of membrane-bound ACs. ST034307 also inhibited AC1 activity stimulated by forskolin- and Gαs-coupled receptors in HEK-AC1 cells and showed inhibitory activity in multiple AC1-containing membrane preparations and mouse hippocampal homogenates. ST034307 enhanced μ-opioid receptor (MOR)-mediated inhibition of AC1 in short-term inhibition assays in HEK-AC1 cells stably transfected with MOR; however, the compound blocked heterologous sensitization of AC1 caused by chronic MOR activation in these cells. ST034307 reduced pain responses in a mouse model of inflammatory pain. Our data indicate that ST034307 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of AC1 and suggest that selective AC1 inhibitors may be useful for managing pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Doungkamol Alongkronrusmee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Monica Soto-Velasquez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tanya A Baldwin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhishi Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Centers for Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, College of Science, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Centers for Cancer Research and Drug Discovery, College of Science, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Sethna F, Feng W, Ding Q, Robison AJ, Feng Y, Wang H. Enhanced expression of ADCY1 underlies aberrant neuronal signalling and behaviour in a syndromic autism model. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14359. [PMID: 28218269 PMCID: PMC5321753 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), caused by the loss of functional FMRP, is a leading cause of autism. Neurons lacking FMRP show aberrant mRNA translation and intracellular signalling. Here, we identify that, in Fmr1 knockout neurons, type 1 adenylyl cyclase (Adcy1) mRNA translation is enhanced, leading to excessive production of ADCY1 protein and insensitivity to neuronal stimulation. Genetic reduction of Adcy1 normalizes the aberrant ERK1/2- and PI3K-mediated signalling, attenuates excessive protein synthesis and corrects dendritic spine abnormality in Fmr1 knockout mice. Genetic reduction of Adcy1 also ameliorates autism-related symptoms including repetitive behaviour, defective social interaction and audiogenic seizures. Moreover, peripheral administration of NB001, an experimental compound that preferentially suppresses ADCY1 activity over other ADCY subtypes, attenuates the behavioural abnormalities in Fmr1 knockout mice. These results demonstrate a connection between the elevated Adcy1 translation and abnormal ERK1/2 signalling and behavioural symptoms in FXS. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a leading cause of autism and neurons lacking FMRP show aberrant mRNA translation and intracellular signalling. Here, the authors show that neurons from Fmr1 knockout mice have increased levels of ADCY1 protein, producing abnormal ERK1/2 signalling, dysregulated protein synthesis and behavioural symptoms associated with FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferzin Sethna
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Qi Ding
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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78
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Koga K, Li S, Zhuo M. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Dependent Cortical Plasticity in Chronic Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:427-34. [PMID: 27296638 PMCID: PMC4983748 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150425002304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cortical areas play crucial roles in higher order brain functions such as pain and emotion-processing, decision-making, and cognition. Among them, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (IC) are two key areas. Glutamate mediates major excitatory transmission during long-term plasticity in both physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically related to nociceptive or pain behaviors, metabotropic glutamate subtype receptors (mGluRs) have been involved in different types of synaptic modulation and plasticity from periphery to the spinal cord. However, less is known about their functional roles in plasticity related to pain and its related behaviors within cortical regions. In this review, we first summarized previous studies of synaptic plasticity in both the ACC and IC, and discussed how mGluRs may be involved in both cortical long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD)-especially in LTD. The activation of mGluRs contributes to the induction of LTD in both ACC and IC areas. The loss of LTD caused by peripheral amputation or nerve injury can be rescued by priming ACC or IC with activations of mGluR1 receptors. We also discussed the potential functional roles of mGluRs for pain-related behaviors. We propose that targeting mGluRs in the cortical areas including the ACC and IC may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of chronic pain, phantom pain or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room #3342, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase in the Spinal Cord Alleviates Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Can J Diabetes 2016; 41:177-183. [PMID: 27889175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetic neuropathy is the most common complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that impaired Gi protein expression/function in the spinal cord is associated with the development of painful neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes and that reduction of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production by inhibiting adenylyl cyclase in the spinal cord can alleviate diabetic neuropathy. METHODS To this end, we examined the levels of cAMP, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the spinal cord after the development of neuropathic pain in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats with type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the effects of intrathecal injections of SQ22536, an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, on mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy. RESULTS We found that diabetic ZDF rats exhibited mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, which are associated with enhanced cAMP production, increased PKA activation and elevated CREB phosphorylation in the spinal cord. Additionally, diabetic ZDF rats exhibited attenuated expression of Giα, but not Gsα, in the spinal cord. Furthermore, intrathecal administrations of SQ22536 dose-dependently alleviated mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in diabetic ZDF rats and reduced cAMP production, PKA activation and p-CREB expression in the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study suggested that cAMP-mediated signalling in the spinal cord is likely critical for the development of painful neuropathy in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Kang WB, Yang Q, Guo YY, Wang L, Wang DS, Cheng Q, Li XM, Tang J, Zhao JN, Liu G, Zhuo M, Zhao MG. Analgesic effects of adenylyl cyclase inhibitor NB001 on bone cancer pain in a mouse model. Mol Pain 2016; 12:12/0/1744806916652409. [PMID: 27612915 PMCID: PMC5019365 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916652409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer pain, especially the one caused by metastasis in bones, is a severe type of pain. Pain becomes chronic unless its causes and consequences are resolved. With improvements in cancer detection and survival among patients, pain has been considered as a great challenge because traditional therapies are partially effective in terms of providing relief. Cancer pain mechanisms are more poorly understood than neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. Chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain are influenced by NB001, an adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1)-specific inhibitor with analgesic effects. In this study, the analgesic effects of NB001 on cancer pain were evaluated. Results Pain was induced by injecting osteolytic murine sarcoma cell NCTC 2472 into the intramedullary cavity of the femur of mice. The mice injected with sarcoma cells for four weeks exhibited significant spontaneous pain behavior and mechanical allodynia. The continuous systemic application of NB001 (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, twice daily for three days) markedly decreased the number of spontaneous lifting but increased the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold. NB001 decreased the concentrations of cAMP and the levels of GluN2A, GluN2B, p-GluA1 (831), and p-GluA1 (845) in the anterior cingulate cortex, and inhibited the frequency of presynaptic neurotransmitter release in the anterior cingulate cortex of the mouse models. Conclusions NB001 may serve as a novel analgesic to treat bone cancer pain. Its analgesic effect is at least partially due to the inhibition of AC1 in anterior cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Zhuo M. Contribution of synaptic plasticity in the insular cortex to chronic pain. Neuroscience 2016; 338:220-229. [PMID: 27530697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal and human studies have consistently demonstrated that cortical regions are important for pain perception and pain-related emotional changes. Studies of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have shown that adult cortical synapses can be modified after peripheral injuries, and long-term changes at synaptic level may contribute to long-lasting suffering in patients. It also explains why chronic pain is resistant to conventional analgesics that act by inhibiting synaptic transmission. Insular cortex (IC), another critical cortical area, is found to be highly plastic and can undergo long-term potentiation (LTP) after injury. Inhibiting IC LTP reduces behavioral sensitization caused by injury. LTP of glutamatergic transmission in pain related cortical areas serves as a key mechanism for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Centre for the Study of Pain, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is activated in both acute and chronic pain. In this Review, we discuss increasing evidence from rodent studies that ACC activation contributes to chronic pain states and describe several forms of synaptic plasticity that may underlie this effect. In particular, one form of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the ACC, which is triggered by the activation of NMDA receptors and expressed by an increase in AMPA-receptor function, sustains the affective component of the pain state. Another form of LTP in the ACC, which is triggered by the activation of kainate receptors and expressed by an increase in glutamate release, may contribute to pain-related anxiety.
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83
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Asad ABA, Seah S, Baumgartner R, Feng D, Jensen A, Manigbas E, Henry B, Houghton A, Evelhoch JL, Derbyshire SWG, Chin CL. Distinct BOLD fMRI Responses of Capsaicin-Induced Thermal Sensation Reveal Pain-Related Brain Activation in Nonhuman Primates. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156805. [PMID: 27309348 PMCID: PMC4911046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 20% of the adult population suffer from chronic pain that is not adequately treated by current therapies, highlighting a great need for improved treatment options. To develop effective analgesics, experimental human and animal models of pain are critical. Topically/intra-dermally applied capsaicin induces hyperalgesia and allodynia to thermal and tactile stimuli that mimics chronic pain and is a useful translation from preclinical research to clinical investigation. Many behavioral and self-report studies of pain have exploited the use of the capsaicin pain model, but objective biomarker correlates of the capsaicin augmented nociceptive response in nonhuman primates remains to be explored. Methodology Here we establish an aversive capsaicin-induced fMRI model using non-noxious heat stimuli in Cynomolgus monkeys (n = 8). BOLD fMRI data were collected during thermal challenge (ON:20 s/42°C; OFF:40 s/35°C, 4-cycle) at baseline and 30 min post-capsaicin (0.1 mg, topical, forearm) application. Tail withdrawal behavioral studies were also conducted in the same animals using 42°C or 48°C water bath pre- and post- capsaicin application (0.1 mg, subcutaneous, tail). Principal Findings Group comparisons between pre- and post-capsaicin application revealed significant BOLD signal increases in brain regions associated with the ‘pain matrix’, including somatosensory, frontal, and cingulate cortices, as well as the cerebellum (paired t-test, p<0.02, n = 8), while no significant change was found after the vehicle application. The tail withdrawal behavioral study demonstrated a significant main effect of temperature and a trend towards capsaicin induced reduction of latency at both temperatures. Conclusions These findings provide insights into the specific brain regions involved with aversive, ‘pain-like’, responses in a nonhuman primate model. Future studies may employ both behavioral and fMRI measures as translational biomarkers to gain deeper understanding of pain processing and evaluate the preclinical efficacy of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Bakar Ali Asad
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephanie Seah
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Baumgartner
- Biometrics Research, Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Dai Feng
- Biometrics Research, Biostatistics & Research Decision Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andres Jensen
- Early Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Brian Henry
- Early Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrea Houghton
- Early Discovery Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Evelhoch
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Stuart W. G. Derbyshire
- Dept of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chih-Liang Chin
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck Research Laboratories, MSD, Singapore, Singapore
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84
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Bernabucci M, Zhuo M. Calcium activated adenylyl cyclase AC8 but not AC1 is required for prolonged behavioral anxiety. Mol Brain 2016; 9:60. [PMID: 27234425 PMCID: PMC4884383 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorder is a state of mental discomfort while acute anxiety induces an enhancement of vigilance/arousal or increased anxious responses. Most of the previous studies investigated basic mechanisms for acute anxiety, while less information is available for prolonged or repetitive anxiety. RESULTS In the present study, we wanted to examine possible molecular mechanisms for behavioral anxiety after repeated exposures. Performing a paradigm of five sessions of the elevated plus-maze (EPM), we show that the repeated exposure to the EPM induces a long-lasting anxiety causing a gradual increase of anxiolytic activity, which is maintained for at least 21 days. Genetic deletion of AC8 (adenylyl cyclase 8) but not AC1 abolished long-lasting anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that calcium-stimulated AC8 is required to sustain the long-lasting anxiety caused by repeated EPM testing, and we can identify in AC8 a novel target for treating anxiety-related mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bernabucci
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Center for the study of pain, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Min Zhuo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Center for the study of pain, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
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85
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Zhuo M. Neural Mechanisms Underlying Anxiety-Chronic Pain Interactions. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:136-145. [PMID: 26878750 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major medical problem that is resistant to conventional medical intervention. It also causes emotional changes such as anxiety and fear. Furthermore, anxiety or fear often enhances the suffering of pain. Based on recent studies, I propose chronic anxiety triggered by injury or chronic pain is mediated through presynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key cortical region for pain perception. Conversely, NMDA receptor-dependent postsynaptic LTP plays a more important role in behavioral sensitization in chronic pain. Thus, postsynaptic and presynaptic LTP in ACC neurons are likely the key cellular mechanisms for causing chronic pain and its associated anxiety, respectively. This suggests potential targets for treating chronic pain and related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Centre for the study of Pain, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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86
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Zhang B, Lu C, Bai M, He X, Tan Y, Bian Y, Xiao C, Zhang G, Lu A, Li S. Tetramethylpyrazine identified by a network pharmacology approach ameliorates methotrexate-induced oxidative organ injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:638-647. [PMID: 26435225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is one of the active constituents extracted from a frequently used herb, Ligusticum wallichii Franchat (Chuan-Xiong in Chinese), in traditional Chinese medicine. TMP can exert multiple pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative damage, anti-platelet and neuroprotective effects, and its applications deserve further explored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to determine the new role of TMP identified by a network pharmacology approach to alleviate the methotrexate (MTX)-induced oxidative injury and characterize their mechanism of combinational actions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A network pharmacology-based screening strategy is applied for target profile prediction and pharmacological characterization of herbal compounds, which is used to guide the following in vitro and in vivo experiments. The effect of herbal compounds identified by network pharmacology approaches to reduce the toxicity of MTX was assessed by MTX-induced rat toxicity model. The potential targets of TMP in this study were evaluated using standard protocols provided by Cerep, Inc. RESULTS This strategy identified TMP from Ligusticum wallichii Franchat as a potent compound for ameliorating the oxidative organ injury of MTX. According to the predicted target profiles of TMP, a possible mechanism of the abrogation of MTX-induced toxicity is that TMP could upregulate cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) 10A2 activity. Another novel finding is that the competitive binding and antagonistic effects of TMP on adenosine receptor 2A and 2B appear to play important roles in the TMP-mediated reversal of MTX-induced hepatic injury. CONCLUSION TMP identified by a network pharmacology approach could ameliorate MTX-induced oxidative organ injury. This study provides important evidence for the preclinical evaluation of TMP and MTX as a novel combinatorial remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 00852, China
| | - Ming Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yanqin Bian
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100030, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 00852, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone & Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 00852, China.
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST/Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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87
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Kang SJ, Kwak C, Lee J, Sim SE, Shim J, Choi T, Collingridge GL, Zhuo M, Kaang BK. Bidirectional modulation of hyperalgesia via the specific control of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity in the ACC. Mol Brain 2015; 8:81. [PMID: 26631249 PMCID: PMC4668615 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are assumed to play important roles in the perception of nociceptive signals and the associated emotional responses. However, the neuronal types within the ACC that mediate these functions are poorly understood. In the present study, we used optogenetic techniques to selectively modulate excitatory pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons in the ACC and to assess their ability to modulate peripheral mechanical hypersensitivity in freely moving mice. We found that selective activation of pyramidal neurons rapidly and acutely reduced nociceptive thresholds and that this effect was occluded in animals made hypersensitive using Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA). Conversely, inhibition of ACC pyramidal neurons rapidly and acutely reduced hypersensitivity induced by CFA treatment. A similar analgesic effect was induced by activation of parvalbumin (PV) expressing interneurons, whereas activation of somatostatin (SOM) expressing interneurons had no effect on pain thresholds. Our results provide direct evidence of the pivotal role of ACC excitatory neurons, and their regulation by PV expressing interneurons, in nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukjae Joshua Kang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-746, South Korea
| | - Chuljung Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Su-Eon Sim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-746, South Korea
| | - Jaehoon Shim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-746, South Korea
| | - Taehyuk Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK. .,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Ontario M5G 1X5, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea. .,Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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88
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Liu SB, Zhang MM, Cheng LF, Shi J, Lu JS, Zhuo M. Long-term upregulation of cortical glutamatergic AMPA receptors in a mouse model of chronic visceral pain. Mol Brain 2015; 8:76. [PMID: 26585043 PMCID: PMC4653882 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders and it causes long-lasting visceral pain and discomfort. AMPA receptor mediated long-term potentiation (LTP) has been shown to play a critical role in animal models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. No report is available for central changes in the ACC of mice with chronic visceral pain. Results In this study, we used integrative methods to investigate potential central plastic changes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of a visceral pain mouse model induced by intracolonic injection of zymosan. We found that visceral pain induced an increased expression of AMPA receptors (at the post synapses) in the ACC via an enhanced trafficking of the AMPA receptors to the membrane. Both GluA1 and GluA2/3 subunits were significantly increased. Supporting biochemical changes, excitatory synaptic transmission in the ACC were also significantly enhanced. Microinjection of AMPA receptor inhibitor IEM1460 into the ACC inhibited visceral and spontaneous pain behaviors. Furthermore, we found that the phosphorylation of GluA1 at the Ser845 site was increased, suggesting that GluA1 phosphorylation may contribute to AMPA receptor trafficking. Using genetically knockout mice lacking calcium-calmodulin stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1), we found that AMPA receptor phosphorylation and its membrane trafficking induced by zymosan injection were completely blocked. Conclusions Our results provide direct evidence for cortical AMPA receptors to contribute to zymosan-induced visceral and spontaneous pain and inhibition of AC1 activity may help to reduce chronic visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Bing Liu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy of School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710032, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy of School, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710032, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Lin-Feng Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jiao Shi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jing-Shan Lu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China.
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xian, Shaanxi, 710049, China. .,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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89
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Tian Z, Wang DS, Wang XS, Tian J, Han J, Guo YY, Feng B, Zhang N, Zhao MG, Liu SB. Analgesic effects of NB001 on mouse models of arthralgia. Mol Brain 2015; 8:60. [PMID: 26452469 PMCID: PMC4599030 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated the critical roles of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) in the central nervous system in chronic pain. In the present study, we examined the analgesic effects of NB001, a selective inhibitor of AC1, on animal models of ankle joint arthritis and knee joint arthritis induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant injection. NB001 treatment had no effect on joint edema, stiffness, and joint destruction. Furthermore, the treatment failed to attenuate the disease progression of arthritis. However, NB001 treatment (3 mg/kg) significantly weakened joint pain-related behavior in the mouse models of ankle joint arthritis and knee joint arthritis. Results indicated that NB001 exhibited an analgesic effect on the animal models of arthritis but was not caused by anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dong-sheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Clinical School of Nanjing, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xin-shang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan-yan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ming-gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Shui-bing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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90
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Minocycline does not affect long-term potentiation in the anterior cingulate cortex of normal adult mice. Mol Pain 2015; 11:25. [PMID: 25933605 PMCID: PMC4464617 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that activated microglia plays important roles in chronic pain-related sensory signaling at the spinal cord dorsal horn. Less is known about the possible contribution of microglia to cortical plasticity that has been found to be important for chronic pain. In the present study, we used a 64-channel multi-electrode array recording system to investigate the role of microglia in cortical plasticity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in normal adult mice. We found that bath application of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation, had no effect on postsynaptic LTP (post-LTP) induced by theta burst stimulation in the ACC. Furthermore, presynaptic LTP (pre-LTP) induced by the combination of low-frequency stimulation with a GluK1-containing kainate receptor agonist was also not affected. The spatial distribution of post-LTP or pre-LTP among the cingulate network is also unaltered by minocycline. Our results suggest that minocycline does not affect cingulate plasticity and neurons are the major player in pain-related cortical plasticity.
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91
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Zhuo M. Injury-related synaptic plasticity for the treatment of chronic pain: a new approach? Pain Manag 2015; 5:161-5. [DOI: 10.2217/pmt.15.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron & Disease, Frontier Institute of Science & Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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92
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Overexpression of the type 1 adenylyl cyclase in the forebrain leads to deficits of behavioral inhibition. J Neurosci 2015; 35:339-51. [PMID: 25568126 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2478-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 1 adenylyl cyclase (AC1) is an activity-dependent, calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase expressed in the nervous system that is implicated in memory formation. We examined the locomotor activity, and impulsive and social behaviors of AC1+ mice, a transgenic mouse strain overexpressing AC1 in the forebrain. Here we report that AC1+ mice exhibit hyperactive behaviors and demonstrate increased impulsivity and reduced sociability. In contrast, AC1 and AC8 double knock-out mice are hypoactive, and exhibit increased sociability and reduced impulsivity. Interestingly, the hyperactivity of AC1+ mice can be corrected by valproate, a mood-stabilizing drug. These data indicate that increased expression of AC1 in the forebrain leads to deficits in behavioral inhibition.
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93
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Ye Z, Brust TF, Watts VJ, Dai M. Palladium-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective γ-arylation of tertiary allylic amines: identification of potent adenylyl cyclase inhibitors. Org Lett 2015; 17:892-5. [PMID: 25668690 DOI: 10.1021/ol503748t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Substituted allylic amines and their derivatives are key structural motifs of many drug molecules and natural products. A general, mild, and practical palladium-catalyzed γ-arylation of tertiary allylic amines, one of the most challenging Heck arylation substrates, has been developed. The γ-arylation products were obtained in excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. Moreover, novel and potent adenylyl cyclase inhibitors with the potential for treating neuropathic and inflammatory pain have been identified from the γ-arylation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishi Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research and ‡Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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94
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Koga K, Descalzi G, Chen T, Ko HG, Lu J, Li S, Son J, Kim T, Kwak C, Huganir RL, Zhao MG, Kaang BK, Collingridge GL, Zhuo M. Coexistence of two forms of LTP in ACC provides a synaptic mechanism for the interactions between anxiety and chronic pain. Neuron 2014; 85:377-89. [PMID: 25556835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain can lead to anxiety and anxiety can enhance the sensation of pain. Unfortunately, little is known about the synaptic mechanisms that mediate these re-enforcing interactions. Here we characterized two forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC); a presynaptic form (pre-LTP) that requires kainate receptors and a postsynaptic form (post-LTP) that requires N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Pre-LTP also involves adenylyl cyclase and protein kinase A and is expressed via a mechanism involving hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Interestingly, chronic pain and anxiety both result in selective occlusion of pre-LTP. Significantly, microinjection of the HCN blocker ZD7288 into the ACC in vivo produces both anxiolytic and analgesic effects. Our results provide a mechanism by which two forms of LTP in the ACC may converge to mediate the interaction between anxiety and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Koga
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giannina Descalzi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tao Chen
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyoung-Gon Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Jinshan Lu
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shermaine Li
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Junehee Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - TaeHyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Chuljung Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Richard L Huganir
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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95
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Postsynaptic insertion of AMPA receptor onto cortical pyramidal neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex after peripheral nerve injury. Mol Brain 2014; 7:76. [PMID: 25359681 PMCID: PMC4221704 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-014-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is the key cellular mechanism for physiological learning and pathological chronic pain. Postsynaptic accumulation of AMPA receptor (AMPAR) GluA1 plays an important role for injury-related cortical LTP. However, there is no direct evidence for postsynaptic GluA1 insertion or accumulation after peripheral injury. Here we report nerve injury increased the postsynaptic expression of AMPAR GluA1 in pyramidal neurons in the layer V of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), including the corticospinal projecting neurons. Electrophysiological recordings show that potentiation of postsynaptic responses was reversed by Ca2+ permeable AMPAR antagonist NASPM. Finally, behavioral studies show that microinjection of NASPM into the ACC inhibited behavioral sensitization caused by nerve injury. Our findings provide direct evidence that peripheral nerve injury induces postsynaptic GluA1 accumulation in cingulate cortical neurons, and inhibits postsynaptic GluA1 accumulation which may serve as a novel target for treating neuropathic pain.
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96
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Chen T, O'Den G, Song Q, Koga K, Zhang MM, Zhuo M. Adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 is essential for late-phase long term potentiation and spatial propagation of synaptic responses in the anterior cingulate cortex of adult mice. Mol Pain 2014; 10:65. [PMID: 25304256 PMCID: PMC4198686 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-10-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a key cellular mechanism for pathological pain in the central nervous system. LTP contains at least two different phases: early-phase LTP (E-LTP) and late-phase LTP (L-LTP). Among several major cortical areas, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a critical brain region for pain perception and its related emotional changes. Periphery tissue or nerve injuries cause LTP of excitatory synaptic transmission in the ACC. Our previous studies have demonstrated that genetic deletion of calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) or pharmacological application of a selective AC1 inhibitor NB001 blocked E-LTP in the ACC. However, the effect of AC1 on L-LTP, which requires new protein synthesis and is important for the process of chronic pain, has not been investigated. Here we tested the effects of NB001 on the ACC L-LTP and found that bath application of NB001 (0.1 μM) totally blocked the induction of L-LTP and recruitment of cortical circuitry without affecting basal excitatory transmission. In contrast, gabapentin, a widely used analgesic drug for neuropathic pain, did not block the induction of L-LTP and circuitry recruitment even at a high concentration (100 μM). Gabapentin non-selectively decreased basal synaptic transmission. Our results provide strong evidence that the selective AC1 inhibitor NB001 can be used to inhibit pain-related cortical L-LTP without affecting basal synaptic transmission. It also provides basic mechanisms for possible side effects of gabapentin in the central nervous system and its ineffectiveness in some patients with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Life Science and of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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97
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Yagishita S, Hayashi-Takagi A, Ellis-Davies GCR, Urakubo H, Ishii S, Kasai H. A critical time window for dopamine actions on the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. Science 2014; 345:1616-20. [PMID: 25258080 PMCID: PMC4225776 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal behaviors are reinforced by subsequent rewards following within a narrow time window. Such reward signals are primarily coded by dopamine, which modulates the synaptic connections of medium spiny neurons in the striatum. The mechanisms of the narrow timing detection, however, remain unknown. Here, we optically stimulated dopaminergic and glutamatergic inputs separately and found that dopamine promoted spine enlargement only during a narrow time window (0.3 to 2 seconds) after the glutamatergic inputs. The temporal contingency was detected by rapid regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in thin distal dendrites, in which protein-kinase A was activated only within the time window because of a high phosphodiesterase activity. Thus, we describe a molecular basis of reinforcement plasticity at the level of single dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yagishita
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Hidetoshi Urakubo
- Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shin Ishii
- Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan. Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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98
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Taylor BK, Corder G. Endogenous analgesia, dependence, and latent pain sensitization. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2014; 20:283-325. [PMID: 25227929 PMCID: PMC4464817 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2014_351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous activation of µ-opioid receptors (MORs) provides relief from acute pain. Recent studies have established that tissue inflammation produces latent pain sensitization (LS) that is masked by spinal MOR signaling for months, even after complete recovery from injury and re-establishment of normal pain thresholds. Disruption with MOR inverse agonists reinstates pain and precipitates cellular, somatic, and aversive signs of physical withdrawal; this phenomenon requires N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated activation of calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase type 1 (AC1). In this review, we present a new conceptual model of the transition from acute to chronic pain, based on the delicate balance between LS and endogenous analgesia that develops after painful tissue injury. First, injury activates pain pathways. Second, the spinal cord establishes MOR constitutive activity (MORCA) as it attempts to control pain. Third, over time, the body becomes dependent on MORCA, which paradoxically sensitizes pain pathways. Stress or injury escalates opposing inhibitory and excitatory influences on nociceptive processing as a pathological consequence of increased endogenous opioid tone. Pain begets MORCA begets pain vulnerability in a vicious cycle. The final result is a silent insidious state characterized by the escalation of two opposing excitatory and inhibitory influences on pain transmission: LS mediated by AC1 (which maintains the accelerator) and pain inhibition mediated by MORCA (which maintains the brake). This raises the prospect that opposing homeostatic interactions between MORCA analgesia and latent NMDAR-AC1-mediated pain sensitization creates a lasting vulnerability to develop chronic pain. Thus, chronic pain syndromes may result from a failure in constitutive signaling of spinal MORs and a loss of endogenous analgesic control. An overarching long-term therapeutic goal of future research is to alleviate chronic pain by either (a) facilitating endogenous opioid analgesia, thus restricting LS within a state of remission, or (b) extinguishing LS altogether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley K Taylor
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40536-0298, USA,
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99
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Li XY, Wang N, Wang YJ, Zuo ZX, Koga K, Luo F, Zhuo M. Long-term temporal imprecision of information coding in the anterior cingulate cortex of mice with peripheral inflammation or nerve injury. J Neurosci 2014; 34:10675-87. [PMID: 25100600 PMCID: PMC4122801 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5166-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal properties of spike firing in the central nervous system (CNS) are critical for neuronal coding and the precision of information storage. Chronic pain has been reported to affect cognitive and emotional functions, in addition to trigger long-term plasticity in sensory synapses and behavioral sensitization. Less is known about the possible changes in temporal precision of cortical neurons in chronic pain conditions. In the present study, we investigated the temporal precision of action potential firing in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) by using both in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological approaches. We found that peripheral inflammation caused by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) increased the standard deviation (SD) of spikes latency (also called jitter) of ∼51% of recorded neurons in the ACC of adult rats in vivo. Similar increases in jitter were found in ACC neurons using in vitro brain slices from adult mice with peripheral inflammation or nerve injury. Bath application of glutamate receptor antagonists CNQX and AP5 abolished the enhancement of jitter induced by CFA injection or nerve injury, suggesting that the increased jitter depends on the glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Activation of adenylyl cyclases (ACs) by bath application of forskolin increased jitter, whereas genetic deletion of AC1 abolished the change of jitter caused by CFA inflammation. Our study provides strong evidence for long-term changes of temporal precision of information coding in cortical neurons after peripheral injuries and explains neuronal mechanism for chronic pain caused cognitive and emotional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yao Li
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, The Center for the study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, and
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Jie Wang
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Kohei Koga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, The Center for the study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, and
| | - Fei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, The Center for the study of Pain, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada, and
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100
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Zhang MM, Liu SB, Chen T, Koga K, Zhang T, Li YQ, Zhuo M. Effects of NB001 and gabapentin on irritable bowel syndrome-induced behavioral anxiety and spontaneous pain. Mol Brain 2014; 7:47. [PMID: 24935250 PMCID: PMC4071154 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by recurrent abdominal discomfort, spontaneous pain, colorectal hypersensitivity and bowel dysfunction. Patients with IBS also suffer from emotional anxiety and depression. However, few animal studies have investigated IBS-induced spontaneous pain and behavioral anxiety. In this study, we assessed spontaneous pain and anxiety behaviors in an adult mouse model of IBS induced by zymosan administration. By using Fos protein as a marker, we found that sensory and emotion related brain regions were activated at day 7 after the treatment with zymosan; these regions include the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex and amygdala. Behaviorally, zymosan administration triggered spontaneous pain (decreased spontaneous activities in the open field test) and increased anxiety-like behaviors in three different tests (the open field, elevated plus maze and light/dark box tests). Intraperitoneal injection of NB001, an adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) inhibitor, reduced spontaneous pain but had no significant effect on behavioral anxiety. In contrast, gabapentin reduced both spontaneous pain and behavioral anxiety. These results indicate that NB001 and gabapentin may inhibit spontaneous pain and anxiety-like behaviors through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Embryology & K, K, Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi 710032, China.
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