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Feng E, Shen K, Lin F, Lin W, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Lin F, Yang Y, Lin C. Improved osteogenic activity and inhibited bacterial biofilm formation on andrographolide-loaded titania nanotubes. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:987. [PMID: 32953787 PMCID: PMC7475475 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Delivery of local drugs with a titania nanotube is an attractive approach to combat implant-related infection. Our earlier study has confirmed that nanotubes loaded with gentamicin could significantly improve the antibacterial ability. On this basis, the used andrographolide in this paper has a high antibacterial activity, which cannot only avoid the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also has simultaneously excellent biocompatibility with osteogenic cells. Methods Two mg of andrographolide was loaded into titania nanotubes, which were fabricated into different diameters (50 and 100 nm) and 200 nm length by the method of lyophilization and vacuum drying. We chose a standard strain, Staphylococcus epidermidis (American Type Culture Collection 35984), and two clinical isolates, S. aureus 376 and S. epidermidis 389 to research the bacterial adhesion at 6, 12 and 24 hours and biofilm formation at 48, and 72 hours on the andrographolide-loaded nanotubes (NT-A) using the diffusion plate method. Smooth titanium (smooth Ti) and nanotubes with no drug loading (NT) were also inclusive and analyzed. Furthermore, the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats mesenchymal stem cells were used to assess the influence of nanotubular topographies on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Results Our results showed that NT-A could inhibit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on implant surfaces. NT-A and NT, especially those with 100 nm diameters, were found to significantly promoted cell attachment, proliferation, diffusion, and osteogenic differentiation when compared with smooth Ti, while the same diameter in NT-A and NT did not differ. Conclusions Titania nanotube modification and andrographolide loading can significantly improve the antibacterial ability and osteogenic activity of orthopedic implants. Nanotubes-based local delivery could be a promising strategy for combating implant-associated infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryou Feng
- Department of Arthrosis Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaiwei Shen
- Department of Arthrosis Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feitai Lin
- Department of Arthrosis Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Arthrosis Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Arthrosis Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Arthrosis Surgery, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengfei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Changjian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Salimiaghdam N, Singh L, Schneider K, Nalbandian A, Chwa M, Atilano SR, Bao A, Kenney MC. Potential adverse effects of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline on ARPE-19 cell lines. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2020; 5:e000458. [PMID: 32724857 PMCID: PMC7375423 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aim to determine the possible adverse effects of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) and tetracycline (TETRA), as examples of bactericidal and bacteriostatic agents, respectively, on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). Methods Cells were treated with 30, 60 and 120 µg/mL of CPFX and TETRA. Cell metabolism was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. JC-1 dye (5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide) assay was conducted to measure the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using the -2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay (H2DCFDA). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyse the gene expression levels associated with apoptosis (BAX, BCL2-L13, BCL2, Caspase 3, Caspase 7 and Caspase 9), inflammatory (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-33, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), TGF-β1 and TGF-β2) and antioxidant pathways (SOD2, SOD3, GPX3 and NOX4), along with the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy numbers. Results Results illustrated that while all three concentrations of CPFX decreased cellular viability of ARPE-19 during all incubation periods, the 120 µg/mL TETRA resulted in increased cellular viability. At 48 and 72 hours, levels of MMP and ROS decreased significantly with each antibiotic. BAX, BCL2-L13, CASP-7, CASP-9, SOD2 and GPX3 genes overexpressed by either antibiotics. There was higher expression of IL-6 and IL-1B with TETRA treatment. The level of mtDNA decreased using both treatments. Conclusions Clinically relevant concentrations of CPFX and TETRA have detrimental impacts on ARPE-19 cell lines in vitro, including upregulation of genes related to apoptosis, inflammation and antioxidant pathways. Additional studies are warranted to investigate if these harmful effects might be seen in retinal degeneration models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lata Singh
- Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kevin Schneider
- Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Chwa
- Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shari R Atilano
- Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Andrea Bao
- Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- Ophthalmology, University of California School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
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Li P, Ding Z, Yin Y, Yu X, Yuan Y, Brió Pérez M, de Beer S, Vancso GJ, Yu Y, Zhang S. Cu2+-doping of polyanionic brushes: A facile route to prepare implant coatings with both antifouling and antibacterial properties. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Antibacterial and Osteogenic Activity of Titania Nanotubes Modified with Electrospray-Deposited Tetracycline Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061093. [PMID: 32492912 PMCID: PMC7353255 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The nanotubular surface of titanium implants is known to have superior osteogenic activity but is also vulnerable to failure because of induced bacterial attachment and consequent secondary infection. Here, the problem was attempted to be solved by depositing nanosized tetracycline (TC)-loaded particles in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) on titania nanotubes (TNTs) using the electrospray deposition method. The antibacterial effect of the newly formed TNT surface was considered using the common pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Maintenance of the biocompatibility and osteogenic characteristics of TNTs has been tested through cytotoxicity tests and osteogenic gene expression/extra-cellular matrix mineralization, respectively. The results showed that TNTs were successfully formed by anodization, and the characterization of TC deposited on the TNTs was controlled by varying the spraying parameters such as particle size and coating time. The TC nanoparticle-coated TNTs showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and biocompatibility with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts, while the osteogenic activity of the TNT structure was preserved, as demonstrated by osteocalcin and osteopontin gene expression, as well as Alizarin red staining. Hence, this study concluded that the electrosprayed TC coating of TNTs is a simple and effective method for the formation of bactericidal implants that can maintain osteogenic activity.
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Kozisek T, Hamann A, Nguyen A, Miller M, Plautz S, Pannier AK. High-throughput screening of clinically approved drugs that prime nonviral gene delivery to human Mesenchymal stem cells. J Biol Eng 2020; 14:16. [PMID: 32467728 PMCID: PMC7238544 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-020-00238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are intensely researched for applications in cell therapeutics due to their unique properties, however, intrinsic therapeutic properties of hMSCs could be enhanced by genetic modification. Viral transduction is efficient, but suffers from safety issues. Conversely, nonviral gene delivery, while safer compared to viral, suffers from inefficiency and cytotoxicity, especially in hMSCs. To address the shortcomings of nonviral gene delivery to hMSCs, our lab has previously demonstrated that pharmacological 'priming' of hMSCs with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone can significantly increase transfection in hMSCs by modulating transfection-induced cytotoxicity. This work seeks to establish a library of transfection priming compounds for hMSCs by screening 707 FDA-approved drugs, belonging to diverse drug classes, from the NIH Clinical Collection at four concentrations for their ability to modulate nonviral gene delivery to adipose-derived hMSCs from two human donors. Results Microscope images of cells transfected with a fluorescent transgene were analyzed in order to identify compounds that significantly affected hMSC transfection without significant toxicity. Compound classes that increased transfection across both donors included glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and antihypertensives. Notably, clobetasol propionate, a glucocorticoid, increased transgene production 18-fold over unprimed transfection. Furthermore, compound classes that decreased transfection across both donors included flavonoids, antibiotics, and antihypertensives, with the flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate decreasing transgene production - 41-fold compared to unprimed transfection. Conclusions Our screen of the NCC is the first high-throughput and drug-repurposing approach to identify nonviral gene delivery priming compounds in two donors of hMSCs. Priming compounds and classes identified in this screen suggest that modulation of proliferation, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis is vital for enhancing nonviral gene delivery to hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Kozisek
- 1Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Andrew Hamann
- 1Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Albert Nguyen
- 1Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Michael Miller
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 122 Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Building, University Park, PA USA
| | - Sarah Plautz
- 1Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Angela K Pannier
- 1Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE USA
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Olvera-Huertas AJ, Linares-Recatalá M, Herrera-Briones FJ, Vallecillo-Capilla MF, Manzano-Moreno FJ, Reyes-Botella C. Microbiological analysis of autologous bone particles obtained by low-speed drilling and treated with different decontamination agents. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 50:104-108. [PMID: 32451234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three agents - two antibiotics (amoxicillin and clindamycin) and an antiseptic (chlorhexidine) - to decontaminate bone grafts obtained by low-speed drilling. The study included 248 bone tissue samples harvested from 62 patients by low-speed drilling before dental implant placement. Each of four samples obtained from every patient was dropped, using a sterile instrument, into a sterile tube containing a 500-μl solution of 400μg/mL amoxicillin, 150μg/mL clindamycin, 0.12% chlorhexidine, or physiological saline for 1min. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) was determined at 48h of culture. The use of clindamycin, amoxicillin, or chlorhexidine as decontaminant for 1min significantly reduced the CFU count when compared to physiological saline (control agent). In both anaerobic and CO2-rich atmospheres, significant differences in CFU/mL were found between the control and chlorhexidine groups (P<0.001), control and amoxicillin groups (P<0.001), control and clindamycin groups (P<0.001), chlorhexidine and amoxicillin groups (P<0.0001), and chlorhexidine and clindamycin groups (P<0.0001). In conclusion, clindamycin had the highest decontaminating effect on bone particles obtained by low-speed drilling, followed by chlorhexidine and amoxicillin. Clindamycin may therefore be a valid alternative option for the routine decontamination of intraoral bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Olvera-Huertas
- Master of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Linares-Recatalá
- Master of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F J Herrera-Briones
- Master of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M F Vallecillo-Capilla
- Master of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F J Manzano-Moreno
- Master of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - C Reyes-Botella
- Master of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Group (BIO277), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Rickettsial Diseases: Not Uncommon Causes of Acute Febrile Illness in India. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5020059. [PMID: 32326477 PMCID: PMC7344935 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsial diseases (RDs) are major under-diagnosed causes of arthropod borne acute febrile illness (AFI) presenting with a range of symptoms from mild self-limiting fever to fatal sepsis. The spotted fever group (SFG) and typhus group (TG) are major RDs, which are commonly caused by Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia typhi, respectively. The limited availability and role of serological tests in the acute phase of illness warrants rapid reliable molecular methods for diagnosis and epidemiological studies. Two hundred patients with AFI in whom the routine fever diagnostics were negative, were enrolled over a period of two months (April 2019 to May 2019). DNA was extracted and in-house nested PCR using primers specific for both SPG and TG pathogens was used. The positive amplified products were sequenced for species identification and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA 7.0.14 software (iGEM, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA). The demographic details of the RD cases were documented. The prevalence of RD among AFI cases was 7% (14/200); SFG and TG were identified as the cause in 4% and 3% of AFI cases, respectively. The median age of the RD cases was 22 years (range 2–65). The median duration of fever was 3 days (range 1–12). The RD cases presented with respiratory symptoms or signs (44.44%), jaundice (22.22%), abdominal pain (22.22%), diarrhea (22.22), vesicular rash (11.11%), vomiting (11.11%), loss of appetite (11.11%), headache (11.11%), leukocytosis (88.88% with mean count 22,750/mm3), and thrombocytopenia (33.33%). The cases were treated empirically with piperacillin-tazobactam (66.66%), clindamycin (44.44%), cefotaxime (33.33%), meropenem (33.33%), metronidazole (33.33%), doxycycline (22.22%), azithromycin (22.22%), ceftriaxone (11.11%), and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (11.11%). The mortality among the RD cases was 11.11%. The present pilot study shows that RD is not an uncommon cause of AFI in north India. The febrile episodes are usually transient, not severe and associated with heterogenous clinical presentation without documented history of tick exposure in the hospitalized patients. The transient, non-severe, febrile illness could be due to transient rickettsemia resulting from empirical antimicrobial therapy as the rickettsial organisms are expected to be more susceptible to higher doses of β-lactam antibiotics. The study emphasizes the molecular method as a useful tool to identify rickettsial etiology in AFI.
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Steckiewicz KP, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Modified Nanoparticles as Potential Agents in Bone Diseases: Cancer and Implant-Related Complications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E658. [PMID: 32244745 PMCID: PMC7221902 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Materials sized 1-100 nm are the nanotechnology's field of interest. Because of the unique properties such as the ability to penetrate biological barriers and a high surface to volume ratio, nanoparticles (NPs) are a powerful tool to be used in medicine and industry. This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in bone-related issues: osteosarcoma (bone cancer), the biocompatibility of the implants and implant-related infections. In cancer therapy, NPs can be used as (I) cytotoxic agents, (II) drug delivery platforms and (III) in thermotherapy. In implant-related issues, NPs can be used as (I) antimicrobial agents and (II) adjuvants to increase the biocompatibility of implant surface. Properties of NPs depend on (I) the type of NPs, (II) their size, (III) shape, (IV) concentration, (V) incubation time, (VI) functionalization and (VII) capping agent type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
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Güller P, Budak H, Şişecioğlu M, Çiftci M. An in vivo and in vitro comparison of the effects of amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin sodium antibiotics on the mouse hepatic and renal glutathione reductase enzyme. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22496. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Güller
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Science, Atatürk UniversityErzurum Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFaculty of Science, Atatürk UniversityErzurum Turkey
| | - Melda Şişecioğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFaculty of Science, Atatürk UniversityErzurum Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiftci
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingöl University Bingöl Turkey
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Gupta A, Ökesli-Armlovich A, Morgens D, Bassik MC, Khosla C. A genome-wide analysis of targets of macrolide antibiotics in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2057-2067. [PMID: 31915244 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics, such as erythromycin and josamycin, are natural polyketide products harboring 14- to 16-membered macrocyclic lactone rings to which various sugars are attached. These antibiotics are used extensively in the clinic because of their ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. More recently, some macrolides have been shown to also possess anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic activities in mammalian cells. To better understand the targets and effects of this drug class in mammalian cells, we used a genome-wide shRNA screen in K562 cancer cells to identify genes that modulate cellular sensitivity to josamycin. Among the most sensitizing hits were proteins involved in mitochondrial translation and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, glycolysis, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. Further analysis revealed that cells treated with josamycin or other antibacterial agents exhibited impaired oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic shifts to glycolysis. Interestingly, we observed that knockdown of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP3K4) gene, which contributes to p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, sensitized cells only to josamycin but not to other antibacterial agents. There is a growing interest in better characterizing the therapeutic effects and toxicities of antibiotics in mammalian cells to guide new applications in both cellular and clinical studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an unbiased genome-wide screen to investigate the effects of a clinically used antibiotic on human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Aye Ökesli-Armlovich
- Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - David Morgens
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Michael C Bassik
- Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Chaitan Khosla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.
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Arulkumaran N, Routledge M, Schlebusch S, Lipman J, Conway Morris A. Antimicrobial-associated harm in critical care: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:225-235. [PMID: 31996961 PMCID: PMC7046486 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-05929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The belief that, for the individual patient, the benefit of prompt and continued use of antimicrobials outweighs any potential harm is a significant barrier to improved stewardship of these vital agents. Antimicrobial stewardship may be perceived as utilitarian rationing, seeking to preserve the availability of effective antimicrobials by limiting the development of resistance in a manner which could conflict with the immediate treatment of the patient in need. This view does not account for the growing evidence of antimicrobial-associated harm to individual patients. This review sets out the evidence for antimicrobial-associated harm and how this should be balanced with the need for prompt and appropriate therapy in infection. It describes the mechanisms by which antimicrobials may harm patients including: mitochondrial toxicity; immune cell toxicity; adverse drug reactions; selection of resistant organisms within a given patient; and disruption of the microbiome. Finally, the article indicates how the harms of antimicrobials may be mitigated and identifies areas for research and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Routledge
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sanmarié Schlebusch
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Womens' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Scientific Consultant, Nimes University Hospital University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
| | - Andrew Conway Morris
- John V Farman Intensive Care Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 4, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Skwira A, Szewczyk A, Konopacka A, Górska M, Majda D, Sądej R, Prokopowicz M. Silica-Polymer Composites as the Novel Antibiotic Delivery Systems for Bone Tissue Infection. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:E28. [PMID: 31905860 PMCID: PMC7022428 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue inflammation, osteomyelitis, is commonly caused by bacterial invasion and requires prolonged antibiotic therapy for weeks or months. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop novel silica-polymer local bone antibiotic delivery systems characterized by a sustained release of ciprofloxacin (CIP) which remain active against Staphylococcus aureus for a few weeks, and do not have a toxic effect towards human osteoblasts. Four formulations composed of ethylcellulose (EC), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), freeze-dried CIP, and CIP-adsorbed mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41-CIP) were prepared via solvent-evaporation blending method. All obtained composites were characterized in terms of molecular structure, morphological, and structural properties by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in vitro antibiotic release. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility to human osteoblasts of obtained composites were also examined. Physicochemical results confirmed the presence of particular components (FTIR), formation of continuous polymer phase onto the surface of freeze-dried CIP or MCM-41-CIP (SEM/EDX), and semi-crystalline (composites containing freeze-dried CIP) or amorphous (composites containing MCM-41-CIP) structure (XRD). TGA and DSC analysis indicated the high thermal stability of CIP adsorbed onto the MCM-41, and higher after MCM-41-CIP coating with polymer blend. The release study revealed the significant reduction in initial burst of CIP for the composites which contained MCM-41-CIP instead of freeze-dried CIP. These composites were also characterized by the 30-day activity against S. aureus and the highest cytocompatibility to human osteoblasts in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Skwira
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian Szewczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Konopacka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Monika Górska
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Dorota Majda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Rafał Sądej
- Department of Molecular Enzymology and Oncology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (M.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Magdalena Prokopowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.S.)
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63
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Radko L, Śniegocki T, Sell B, Posyniak A. Metabolomic Profile of Primary Turkey and Rat Hepatocytes and Two Cell Lines after Chloramphenicol Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:E30. [PMID: 31877810 PMCID: PMC7022860 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the formation of chloramphenicol metabolites in primary turkey and rat hepatocyte cultures and human hepatoma (HepG2) cells and nonhepatic, Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the drug was assessed through three biochemical endpoints: mitochondrial and lysosomal activity and cellular membrane integrity after 24 and 48 h exposure. The two metabolites of the drug, chloramphenicol glucuronide and nitroso-chloramphenicol, were detected to the greatest extent in both primary hepatocyte cultures by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Toxic nitroso-chloramphenicol was the main metabolite in the primary turkey hepatocyte cultures, but it was not in the primary rat hepatocyte cultures. The most affected endpoint in turkey and rat hepatocyte cultures was the disintegration of the cellular membrane, but in the cell lines, mitochondrial and lysosomal activities underwent the greatest change. The primary hepatocyte cultures represent valuable tools with which to study the species differences in the biotransformation and toxicity of drugs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of differences in chloramphenicol metabolism in primary turkey and rat hepatocyte cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Radko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (T.Ś.); (B.S.); (A.P.)
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64
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Liu J, Li X, Wang X. Toxicological effects of ciprofloxacin exposure to Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124542. [PMID: 31549655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of ciprofloxacin (CIP) may cause serious side effects and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Here, we determinate the 48 h, 72 h and 96 h LC50 values of CIP to Drosophila melanogaster and demonstrate a series of adverse effects after D. melanogaster was exposed to CIP at a sublethal concentration (3.2 mg mL-1). Treated individuals showed shorter lifespan, delayed development and many of the treated larvae failed to pupate or hatch. Smaller body size was observed at every life stage when exposed to CIP and the size of pupae, the weight of third-instar larvae exhibited a perfectly dose-response relationship that the larger concentration exposed to, the smaller body size or lighter weight is. Moreover, reduction in fat body cell viability, elevated oxidative stress markers (SOD and CAT) and down-regulation of diap1, ex, two target genes of Yorkie (Yki), was observed in response to CIP exposure. Most importantly, we found two types of black spot in Drosophila and the proportion of larvae with a black spot was positively related to the treatment dose, which is new in the field. This study provides a scientific basis for the potential harm caused by abuse of quinolones with the goal of urging cautious use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, Beijing 100193, China.
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65
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Shape-Depended Biological Properties of Ag 3PO 4 Microparticles: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Properties and Cytotoxicity in In Vitro Model-Safety Assessment of Potential Clinical Usage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6740325. [PMID: 31827692 PMCID: PMC6886340 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6740325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Implant-related infections are an emerging clinical and economic problem. Therefore, we decided to assess potential clinical usefulness and safety of silver orthophosphate microparticles (SOMPs) regarding their shape. We synthesized and then assessed antimicrobial properties and potential cytotoxicity of six shapes of SOMPs (tetrapod, cubes, spheres, tetrahedrons, branched, and rhombic dodecahedron). We found that SOMPs had a high antimicrobial effect; they were more efficient against fungi than bacteria. SOMPs exerted an antimicrobial effect in concentrations not toxic to mammalian cells: human fetal osteoblast (hFOB1.19), osteosarcoma (Saos-2), mouse preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1), skin fibroblast (HDF), and mouse myoblast (C2C12). At higher concentration SOMPs, induced shape- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity (according to MTT and BrdU assays). Tetrapod SOMPs had the smallest effect, whereas cubical SOMPs, the highest on cell viability. hFOB1.19 were the most resistant cells and C2C12, the most susceptible ones. We have proven that the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation is involved in the cytotoxic mechanism of SOMPs. After treatment with microparticles, we observed changes in levels of reactive oxygen species, first-line defense antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD3), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX4), metalloproteinase (MMP1, MMP3), and NF-κB protein. Neither cell cycle distribution nor ultrastructure was altered as determined by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. In conclusion, silver orthophosphate may be a safe and effective antimicrobial agent on the implant surface. Spherical-shaped SOMPs are the most promising for biomedical application.
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66
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Leśniak K, Płonka J, Śmiga-Matuszowicz M, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Kazek-Kęsik A. Functionalization of PEO layer formed on Ti-15Mo for biomedical application. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:1568-1579. [PMID: 31643133 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, deposition of poly(sebacic anhydride) PSBA loaded by amoxicillin, cefazolin, or vancomycin on a previously anodized Ti-15Mo surface is presented. PSBA loaded by the drug was deposited so as not to lose the functionality of the porous oxide layer microstructure. The morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, surface roughness, and wettability. The drug concentration was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was determined that the drugs were loaded into coatings in the range of 35.2-122.87 μg/cm2 of Ti sample. The drugs released more than 16% after 0.5 hr of the hybrid coating immersion in artificial saliva. After 3 days, the PSBA coatings were degraded by 51.3 mol %, and after 7 days by 77.8 mol %, which makes it possible to load the material by different, biologically active substances. An antimicrobial investigation of Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 24167) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 700296) confirmed the activity of the hybrid layers against the pathogens. Hybrid layer with vancomycin best inhibits the adhesion of the bacteria, whereas coatings with amoxicillin and cefazolin showed a much better bactericidal activity. In this article, the difference in the obtained results is discussed, as well as the possibility of the application of this functional material in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Leśniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Śmiga-Matuszowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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67
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Silva T, Silva JC, Colaco B, Gama A, Duarte-Araújo M, Fernandes MH, Bettencourt A, Gomes P. In vivo tissue response and antibacterial efficacy of minocycline delivery system based on polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:380-391. [PMID: 30223730 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218795290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aims the in vivo biological characterization of an innovative minocycline delivery system, based on polymethylmethacrylate bone cement. Bone cements containing 1% or 2.5% (w/w) minocycline were formulated and evaluated through solid-state characterization. Biological evaluation was conducted in vivo, within a rat model, following the subcutaneous and bone tissue implantation, and tissue implantation associated with Staphylococcus aureus is challenging. The assessment of the tissue/biomaterial interaction was conducted by histologic, histomorphometric and microtomographic techniques. Minocycline addition to the composition of the polymethylmethacrylate bone cement did not modify significantly the cement properties. Drug release profile was marked by an initial burst release followed by a low-dosage sustained release. Following the subcutaneous tissue implantation, a reduced immune-inflammatory reaction was verified, with diminished cell recruitment and a thinner fibro-connective capsule formation. Minocycline-releasing cements were found to enhance the bone-to-implant contact and bone tissue formation, following the tibial implantation. Lastly, an effective antibacterial activity was mediated by the implanted cement following the tissue challenging with S. aureus. Kinetic minocycline release profile, attained with the developed polymethylmethacrylate system, modulated adequately the in vivo biological response, lessening the immune-inflammatory activation and enhancing bone tissue formation. Also, an effective in vivo antibacterial activity was established. These findings highlight the adequacy and putative application of the developed system for orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Silva
- 1 Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose C Silva
- 1 Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaco
- 2 University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Adelina Gama
- 2 University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Maria H Fernandes
- 1 Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,4 REQUIMTE/LAQV - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Bettencourt
- 5 Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- 1 Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,4 REQUIMTE/LAQV - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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68
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Sun AW, Bulterys PL, Bartberger MD, Jorth PA, O'Boyle BM, Virgil SC, Miller JF, Stoltz BM. Incorporation of a chiral gem-disubstituted nitrogen heterocycle yields an oxazolidinone antibiotic with reduced mitochondrial toxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2686-2689. [PMID: 31383589 PMCID: PMC6711789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
gem-Disubstituted N-heterocycles are rarely found in drugs, despite their potential to improve the drug-like properties of small molecule pharmaceuticals. Linezolid, a morpholine heterocycle-containing oxazolidinone antibiotic, exhibits significant side effects associated with human mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibition. We synthesized a gem-disubstituted linezolid analogue that when compared to linezolid, maintains comparable (albeit slightly diminished) activity against bacteria, comparable in vitro physicochemical properties, and a decrease in undesired mitochondrial protein synthesis (MPS) inhibition. This research contributes to the structure-activity-relationship data surrounding oxazolidinone MPS inhibition, and may inspire investigations into the utility of gem-disubstituted N-heterocycles in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Sun
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Philip L Bulterys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael D Bartberger
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peter A Jorth
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Brendan M O'Boyle
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Scott C Virgil
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jeff F Miller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States.
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69
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Potential Association of Doxycycline With the Onset of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Am J Ther 2019; 29:e437-e443. [DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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70
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Janson O, Sörensen JH, Strømme M, Engqvist H, Procter P, Welch K. Evaluation of an alkali-treated and hydroxyapatite-coated orthopedic implant loaded with tobramycin. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:699-720. [PMID: 31408413 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219867968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Janson
- 1 Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Strømme
- 3 Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Engqvist
- 1 Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip Procter
- 1 Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ken Welch
- 3 Division of Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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71
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Caplin JD, García AJ. Implantable antimicrobial biomaterials for local drug delivery in bone infection models. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:2-11. [PMID: 30654212 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of implantable biomedical devices demonstrates their potential in treating a wide variety of ailments and disorders in bone trauma and orthopaedic, reconstructive, and craniofacial applications. However, the number of cases involving implant failure or malfunction due to bacterial infection have also increased in recent years. Implanted devices can facilitate the growth of bacteria as these micro-organisms have the potential to adhere to the implant and grow and develop to form biofilms. In an effort to better understand and mitigate these occurrences, biomaterials containing antimicrobial agents that can be released or presented within the local microenvironment have become an important area of research. In this review, we discuss critical factors that regulate antimicrobial therapy to sites of bone infection, such as key biomolecular considerations and platforms for delivery, as well as current in vivo models and current advances in the field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This review outlines the important factors that are taken into consideration for the development of biomaterials for local delivery of therapeutics to the site of bone infections. An overview of important criteria for development of this model (such as type of bone defect, antimicrobial therapeutic, and delivery vehicle) are provided, along with current research that utilizes these considerations. Additionally, this review highlights recent clinical trials that have utilized antimicrobial therapeutics for treatment of osteomyelitis.
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72
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Wang D, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yan L, Zaat SAJ, Wismeijer D, Pathak JL, Wu G. A dual functional bone-defect-filling material with sequential antibacterial and osteoinductive properties for infected bone defect repair. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2360-2370. [PMID: 31173657 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Infected bone defect healing is hindered by infection and compromised bone regenerative capacity. In this study, we designed a dual functional bone-defect-filling material with a sequential release system, that is, a burst release of a potent antibacterial agent, hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC), followed by a controlled release of osteoinductive bone morphogenic protein (BMP2) to repair the infected bone defect. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of HACC against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 40 μg/mL. HACC at 40 μg/mL did not affect preosteoblast proliferation and did not influence the BMP2-induced alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression, and matrix mineralization. in vitro release profile revealed burst release of HACC followed by a slow release of BMP2. in vivo bone formation was observed only in the BMP2-containing groups. HACC did not influence of biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) resorption and BMP2-induced bone formation. In conclusion, the optimized HACC/BMP2-incorporated BioCaP complex showed strong antibacterial effect and robustly enhanced osteoinduction both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian A J Zaat
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Janak L Pathak
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre of Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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73
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Aslan N, Büyükgüzel E, Büyükgüzel K. Oxidative Effects of Gemifloxacin on Some Biological Traits of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:667-673. [PMID: 30994172 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent times, several studies have been undertaken on the artificial mass-rearing of insects in which clinical antibacterial antibiotics, including gemifloxacin, which is a DNA gyrase and topoisomerases inhibitor, are amended into the diet to control microbial contamination and preserve diet. The findings of these studies have suggested the possibility that these antibiotics influence the biological traits of insects in relation to their oxidative effects. This study investigated the effects of gemifloxacin on Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) survival rates, development times, and male-female adult longevity. And we also determined the effects of gemifloxacin on lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl levels, and glutathione S-transferase activity of fruit fly eggs. First instars were fed on artificial diets containing 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg/liter concentrations of gemifloxacin until adult emergence. Our results indicate that sublethal effects of gemifloxacin are likely to significantly impair adult fitness and life-history parameters in D. melanogaster, probably because of its oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Aslan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ender Büyükgüzel
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Kemal Büyükgüzel
- Biology Department, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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74
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Braun RS, Chambrone L, Khouly I. Prophylactic antibiotic regimens in dental implant failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:e61-e91. [PMID: 31010572 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors examine the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) and specific antibiotic regimens for prevention of dental implant failure in patients who are healthy overall. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors independently conducted electronic database and manual searches to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The authors selected articles on the basis of eligibility criteria and assessed for risk of bias by using the Cochrane Handbook. Implant failure was the primary outcome studied; perimucositis or implantitis, prosthetic failure, and adverse events were secondary outcomes studied. The authors conducted random effects meta-analysis for risk ratios of dichotomous data and used OpenMeta[Analyst] (Center for Evidence Synthesis, Brown School of Public Health) for qualitative assessment of administration schedules. RESULTS With duplicates removed, the authors screened 1,022 abstracts, reviewed 21 full-text articles, and included 8 RCTs that included 2,869 implants in 1,585 patients. Meta-analysis results indicated that AP resulted in a statistically significantly lower number of implant failures for all regimens combined (implant, P = .005; patient, P = .002), as well as preoperative (implant, P = .01; patient, P = .007), pre- and postoperative (implant, P = .04), and postoperative AP only (implant, P = .02), compared with no antibiotics. The authors found no statistically significant differences in analysis of comparative antibiotic treatments or secondary outcomes. The authors identified confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Although meta-analysis results suggested that AP may reduce implant failure, definitive conclusions cannot be achieved yet. The overall nonsignificant differences reported in individual trials, limitations discussed, implant infection outcomes, and antibiotic-associated risks must be considered. Thus, the results for implant failure outcomes may not warrant the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in patients who are healthy who are receiving dental implants. Investigators must conduct large-scale RCTs to determine the efficacy of AP and various regimens, independent of confounding variables.
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75
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Elliott RL, Jiang XP. The adverse effect of gentamicin on cell metabolism in three cultured mammary cell lines: "Are cell culture data skewed?". PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214586. [PMID: 30934018 PMCID: PMC6443165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cells are cultured in media that contains an antibiotic to prevent bacterial contamination. Mycoplasma and other bacterial contamination is a serious problem for those involved in cell culture. Antibiotics in the media helps prevent this contamination and make life easier for the investigators; as performing cell culture experiments in antibiotic free media is difficult and requires vigorous sterile technique. There are many reports of antibiotics causing mitochondrial damage. In this study, we tested the effect of gentamicin in culture media on human mammary epithelial MCF-12A and breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by real time PCR, immunofluorescent microscopy, lactate assay, DNA damage assay. We found that the addition of gentamicin in media upregulated the gene expression of hypoxia inducer factor 1 alpha (HIF1a), glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters, compared to the cells cultured in gentamicin free media. Gentamicin also increased the lactate production and inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential of the cell lines. Furthermore, the antibiotics in media induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species causing DNA damage. We found an increase of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine a product of DNA oxidative damage in the media of MCF-12A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. These results showed that normal epithelial and breast cancer cells cultured in the media with gentamicin had increased HIF1a, aerobic glycolysis and DNA oxidative damage. If we use these unhealthy cells in the experiment, all data will be different, compared to cells grown in gentamicin free media. We have studied the detrimental effects of three antibiotics on mitochondrial function in the untransformed MCF-12A human mammary cell line and two human mammary cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MB-MDA-231. The metabolic changes in all cell lines were dramatically different between those in antibiotic free media versus antibiotic containing media. There was a marked difference in gene expression of glycolytic enzymes, reactive oxygen species production and effects on membrane potential. Ironically, our first studies were done in media containing gentamicin, and repeated studies were done in gentamicin free media. The results were very different. The purpose of this report is to emphasize that metabolic cell culture data may be inaccurate because experiments were performed in cell culture media containing antibiotics. We will present evidence to support this theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Elliott
- The Sallie A. Burdine Breast Foundation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xian-Peng Jiang
- The Sallie A. Burdine Breast Foundation, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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76
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Collagen scaffolds functionalised with copper-eluting bioactive glass reduce infection and enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials 2019; 197:405-416. [PMID: 30708184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone infection osteomyelitis (typically by Staphylococcus aureus) usually requires a multistep procedure of surgical debridement, long-term systemic high-dose antibiotics, and - for larger defects - bone grafting. This, combined with the alarming rise in antibiotic resistance, necessitates development of alternative approaches. Herein, we describe a one-step treatment for osteomyelitis that combines local, controlled release of non-antibiotic antibacterials with a regenerative collagen-based scaffold. To maximise efficacy, we utilised bioactive glass, an established osteoconductive material with immense capacity for bone repair, as a delivery platform for copper ions (proven antibacterial, angiogenic, and osteogenic properties). Multifunctional collagen-copper-doped bioactive glass scaffolds (CuBG-CS) were fabricated with favourable microarchitectural and mechanical properties (up to 1.9-fold increase in compressive modulus over CS) within the ideal range for bone tissue engineering. Scaffolds demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (up to 66% inhibition) whilst also enhancing osteogenesis (up to 3.6-fold increase in calcium deposition) and angiogenesis in vitro. Most significantly, when assessed in a chick embryo in vivo model, CuBG-CS not only demonstrated biocompatibility, but also a significant angiogenic and osteogenic response, consistent with in vitro studies. Collectively, these results indicate that the CuBG-CS developed here show potential as a one-step osteomyelitis treatment: reducing infection, whilst enhancing bone healing.
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Nanostructured magnetic Mg 2SiO 4-CoFe 2O 4 composite scaffold with multiple capabilities for bone tissue regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:83-95. [PMID: 30889758 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional magnetic 3D scaffolds are recently of particular interest because of their applications in hyperthermia-based therapy and localized drug delivery beside of their basic properties to be applied in bone tissue regeneration. In the current study, a magnetic nanocomposite is designed and synthesized through a two-step synthesis strategy in which CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are prepared via sol-gel combustion method and then they are coated through sol-gel method with Mg2SiO4. The characterization relates to the nanocomposite shows that Mg2SiO4-CoFe2O4 is successfully synthesized and it has a core-shell structure. Then, 3D scaffolds are fabricated through polymer sponge technique from the nanocomposite. Physiochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds are assessed in vitro amongst which bioactivity, biodegradability, mechanical properties, hyperthermia capability, controlled release potential, antibacterial activity, cell compatibility and attachment can be mentioned. The results demonstrate that the scaffolds have high porous structure with interconnected porosity and desirable mechanical properties close to cancellous bone. The magnetic scaffold is biodegradable and bioactive and exhibits controlled release of rifampin as an antibiotic drug up to 96 h. Moreover, in the exposure of different magnetic fields it has potential to produce heat for different kinds of hyperthermia-based therapies. The antibacterial activity of drug-loaded scaffold is assessed against S. aureus bacteria. The results suggest that Mg2SiO4-CoFe2O4 nanocomposite scaffold with multiple capabilities has a great potential to be applied in the case of large bone defects which are caused by tumors to not only eradicate remained cancerous tissues, but also prevent infection after surgery and regenerate bone defect.
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78
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Mas-Moruno C, Su B, Dalby MJ. Multifunctional Coatings and Nanotopographies: Toward Cell Instructive and Antibacterial Implants. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801103. [PMID: 30468010 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In biomaterials science, it is nowadays well accepted that improving the biointegration of dental and orthopedic implants with surrounding tissues is a major goal. However, implant surfaces that support osteointegration may also favor colonization of bacterial cells. Infection of biomaterials and subsequent biofilm formation can have devastating effects and reduce patient quality of life, representing an emerging concern in healthcare. Conversely, efforts toward inhibiting bacterial colonization may impair biomaterial-tissue integration. Therefore, to improve the long-term success of medical implants, biomaterial surfaces should ideally discourage the attachment of bacteria without affecting eukaryotic cell functions. However, most current strategies seldom investigate a combined goal. This work reviews recent strategies of surface modification to simultaneously address implant biointegration while mitigating bacterial infections. To this end, two emerging solutions are considered, multifunctional chemical coatings and nanotopographical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group; Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC); Barcelona 08019 Spain
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School; University of Bristol; Bristol BS1 2LY UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering; University of Glasgow; Glasgow G12 UK
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79
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Cyphert EL, Learn GD, Hurley SK, Lu C, Recum HA. An Additive to PMMA Bone Cement Enables Postimplantation Drug Refilling, Broadens Range of Compatible Antibiotics, and Prolongs Antimicrobial Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800812. [PMID: 30152602 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is used in several biomedical applications including as antibiotic-filled beads, temporary skeletal spacers, and cement for orthopedic implant fixation. To mitigate infection following surgery, antibiotics are often mixed into bone cement to achieve local delivery. However, since implanted cement is often structural, incorporated antibiotics must not compromise mechanical properties; this limits the selection of compatible antibiotics. Furthermore, antibiotics cannot be added to resolve future infections once cement is implanted. Finally, delivery from cement is suboptimal as incorporated antibiotics exhibit early burst release with most of the drug remaining permanently trapped. This prolonged subtherapeutic dosage drives pathogen antibiotic resistance. To overcome these limitations of antibiotic-laden bone cement, insoluble cyclodextrin (CD) microparticles are incorporated into PMMA to provide more sustained delivery of a broader range of drugs, without impacting mechanics. PMMA formulations with and without CD microparticles are synthesized and filled with one of three antibiotics and evaluated using zone of inhibition, drug release, and compression studies. Additionally, the ability of PMMA with microparticles to serve as a refillable antibiotic delivery depot is explored. Findings suggest that addition of CD microparticles to cement promotes postimplantation antibiotic refilling and enables incorporation of previously incompatible antibiotics while preserving favorable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L. Cyphert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Greg D. Learn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Sara K. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry Fordham University 441 E. Fordham Road Bronx NY 10458 USA
| | - Chao‐yi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Horst A. Recum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue Cleveland OH 44106 USA
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80
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Dydak K, Junka A, Szymczyk P, Chodaczek G, Toporkiewicz M, Fijałkowski K, Dudek B, Bartoszewicz M. Development and biological evaluation of Ti6Al7Nb scaffold implants coated with gentamycin-saturated bacterial cellulose biomaterial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205205. [PMID: 30356274 PMCID: PMC6200220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we present an innovative method of coating the surface of Titanium-Aluminium-Niobium bone scaffold implants with bacterial cellulose (BC) polymer saturated with antibiotic. Customized Ti6Al7Nb scaffolds manufactured using Selective Laser Melting were immersed in a suspension of Komagataeibacter xylinus bacteria which displays an ability to produce a 3-dimensional structure of bio-cellulose polymer. The process of complete implant coating with BC took on average 7 days. Subsequently, the BC matrix was cleansed by means of alkaline lysis and saturated with gentamycin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that BC adheres and penetrates into the implant scaffold structure. The viability and development of the cellular layer on BC micro-structure were visualized by means of confocal microscopy. The BC-coated implants displayed a significantly lower cytotoxicity against osteoblast and fibroblast cell cultures in vitro in comparison to non-coated implants. It was also noted that gentamycin released from BC-coated implants inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus cultures in vitro, confirming the suitability of such implant modification for preventing hostile microbial colonization. As demonstrated using digital microscopy, the procedure used for implant coating and BC chemical cleansing did not flaw the biomaterial structure. The results presented herein are of high translational value with regard to future use of customized, BC-coated and antibiotic-saturated implants designed for use in orthopedic applications to speed up recovery and to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dydak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Patrycja Szymczyk
- Center for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies (CAMT/FPC), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Laboratory of Confocal Microscopy, Polish Center for Technology Development PORT, Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Toporkiewicz
- Laboratory of Confocal Microscopy, Polish Center for Technology Development PORT, Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karol Fijałkowski
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Dudek
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Polish Center for Technology Development PORT, Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marzenna Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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81
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Kazek-Kęsik A, Nosol A, Płonka J, Śmiga-Matuszowicz M, Gołda-Cępa M, Krok-Borkowicz M, Brzychczy-Włoch M, Pamuła E, Simka W. PLGA-amoxicillin-loaded layer formed on anodized Ti alloy as a hybrid material for dental implant applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 94:998-1008. [PMID: 30423788 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the preparation of a functional hybrid coating loaded with a drug (amoxicillin) on a promising titanium alloy - Ti-15Mo alloy is presented. The titanium alloy surface was anodized in solution with bioactive compounds to obtain a porous oxide layer favorable for MG-63 osteoblast-like cell adhesion. Then, a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) loaded with amoxicillin layer was formed using a dip-coating technique to cover the oxide layer, without filling in all of the pores. The morphology of the surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy supported by 3D Roughness Reconstruction software. The surface treatment of the Ti-15Mo alloy surface caused the surface roughness to increase up to 1.71 μm. The anodization process caused the Ti-15Mo alloy surface to become slightly more hydrophilic; however, the formation of the PLGA layer loaded with drug increased the contact angle to 96.5° ± 2.2°, respectively. After 4 weeks of polymer layer degradation, the registered signals on the 1H NMR spectrum were identical to the signals registered for lactic acid (LAc), which confirms that the polymer layer was degraded within a short period of time. The concentration of drug released into the artificial saliva was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) up to 12 h of coatings immersion. During the first hour of coating degradation in artificial saliva, and the concentration of the drug (13 μg/ml) was enough to inhibit bacterial growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. These results were confirmed by agar plate diffusion method and evaluation of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The cytocompatibility of the materials was determined using the osteoblast-like cells MG-63, and the viability and cell morphology (live/dead staining) were also evaluated. The results showed that amoxicillin influences the osteoblast-like MG-63 cells' behavior during cell culture, especially for the first few hours. The influence on the type of surface treatment on MG-63 cell behavior during 7 days of culture is discussed in this paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a fast-degrading layer with amoxicillin has been deposited on previously anodized Ti surface. The formation of functional coating may find application as a cytocompatible coating to prevent bacterial adhesion on long-term implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kazek-Kęsik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Street 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nosol
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Street 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Joanna Płonka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Street 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Śmiga-Matuszowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Monika Gołda-Cępa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa Street 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Brzychczy-Włoch
- Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pamuła
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Av. 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Simka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego Street 6, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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82
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Yu JJ, Lee DH, Gallagher SP, Kenney MC, Boisvert CJ. Mitochondrial Impairment in Antibiotic Induced Toxic Optic Neuropathies. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:1199-1204. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1504086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J. Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shea P. Gallagher
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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83
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Ding Y, Li W, Correia A, Yang Y, Zheng K, Liu D, Schubert DW, Boccaccini AR, Santos HA, Roether JA. Electrospun Polyhydroxybutyrate/Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Sol-Gel-Derived Silica Hybrid Scaffolds with Drug Releasing Function for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14540-14548. [PMID: 29624366 PMCID: PMC6108537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun hybrid scaffolds are an effective platform to deliver drugs site specifically for the prevention and treatment of diseases in addition to promote tissue regeneration because of the flexibility to load drugs therein. In the present study, electrospun hybrid scaffolds containing antibiotics were developed to support cellular activities and eliminate potential postoperative inflammation and infection. As a model drug, levofloxacin (LFX) was successfully incorporated into pure polyhydroxybutyrate/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHB/PCL) scaffolds and PHB/PCL/sol-gel-derived silica (SGS) scaffolds. The influence of LFX on the morphology, mechanical performance, chemical structure, drug release profile, and antibacterial effect of the scaffolds was thoroughly and comparatively investigated. MG-63 osteoblast-like cell cultivation on both scaffolds certified that LFX inclusion did not impair the biocompatibility. In addition to the favorable cellular proliferation and differentiation, scaffolds containing both LFX and SGS displayed highly increased mineralization content. Therefore, the present multifunctional hybrid scaffolds are promising in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ding
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen−Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuyun Yang
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of
Erlangen−Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Corrosion
Science and Surface Technology, Harbin Engineering
University, Nantong Street 145, 150001 Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of
Erlangen−Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dongfei Liu
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dirk W. Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen−Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of
Erlangen−Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology,
Faculty of Pharmacy, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Judith A. Roether
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen−Nuremberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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84
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Gessmann J, Seybold D, Ayami F, Peter E, Baecker H, Schildhauer TA, Köller M. Peripheral Blood Plasma Clot as a Local Antimicrobial Drug Delivery Matrix. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:809-818. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2017.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gessmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dominik Seybold
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fahim Ayami
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elvira Peter
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hinnerk Baecker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Armin Schildhauer
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- Department of Surgical Research, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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85
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Wypych TP, Marsland BJ. Antibiotics as Instigators of Microbial Dysbiosis: Implications for Asthma and Allergy. Trends Immunol 2018; 39:697-711. [PMID: 29655522 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human body and its resident microbiota form a complex ecosystem, shaped by both inherited and environmental factors. The use of antibiotics represents an extreme example of environmental pressure and can broadly disrupt the microbial landscape. The benefits that antibiotics have brought to modern medicine are unquestionable; however, their overuse comes with consequences, including the potential for secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens and the spread of antibiotic resistance. Here, we discuss the implications of microbial dysbiosis driven by antibiotics, with a focus on potential links with allergy and asthma. We review epidemiological data on humans, as well as mechanistic studies performed in animal models, and highlight gaps in current knowledge, which if addressed, could drive the design of novel therapeutic strategies and improved clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Wypych
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin J Marsland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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86
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Macri-Pellizzeri L, De Melo N, Ahmed I, Grant D, Scammell B, Sottile V. Live Quantitative Monitoring of Mineral Deposition in Stem Cells Using Tetracycline Hydrochloride. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:171-178. [PMID: 29353532 PMCID: PMC5865259 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The final stage of in vitro osteogenic differentiation is characterized by the production of mineral deposits containing calcium cations and inorganic phosphates, which populate the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the cell monolayer. Conventional histological techniques for the assessment of mineralization, such as Von Kossa and Alizarin Red S staining, are end point techniques requiring cell fixation. Moreover, in both cases staining quantitation requires dye extraction, which irreversibly alters the ECM conformation and structure, therefore preventing the use of the sample for further analysis. In this study, the use of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) is proposed for the nondestructive staining, quantitation, and imaging of mineralizing bone-like nodules in live cultures of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells cultured under osteogenic conditions. Overnight administration of TC to living cells was shown not to alter the metabolic activity or the progression of cell differentiation. When applied to differentiating cultures, cell exposure to serial doses of TC was found to produce quantifiable fluorescence emission specifically in osteogenic cultures. Incubation with TC enabled fluorescence imaging of mineralized areas in live cultures and the combination with other fluorophores using appropriate filters. These results demonstrate that serial TC administration over the differentiation time course provides a qualitative and quantitative tool for the monitoring and evaluation of the differentiation process in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Macri-Pellizzeri
- 1 Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom .,2 Advanced Materials Group, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel De Melo
- 1 Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ifty Ahmed
- 2 Advanced Materials Group, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Grant
- 2 Advanced Materials Group, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte Scammell
- 3 Orthopaedics and Trauma Group, Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Virginie Sottile
- 1 Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham, United Kingdom
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87
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Tian F, Wang C, Tang M, Li J, Cheng X, Zhang S, Ji D, Huang Y, Li H. The antibiotic chloramphenicol may be an effective new agent for inhibiting the growth of multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51934-51942. [PMID: 27437770 PMCID: PMC5239525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol is an old antibiotic that also inhibits mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis. Our studies demonstrated that chloramphenicol is highly cytotoxic to myeloma cells, acting in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Chloramphenicol sharply suppressed ATP levels in myeloma cells at concentrations ≥ 25 μg/mL. Colorimetric and clonogenic assays indicate that chloramphenicol inhibits growth of myeloma cell lines at concentrations ≥ 50 μg/mL, and inhibits primary myeloma cell growth at concentrations ≥ 25 μg/mL. Flow cytometry and Western blotting showed that chloramphenicol induces myeloma cell apoptosis at concentrations ≥ 50 μg/mL. Chloramphenicol increased levels of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, suggesting that myeloma cell apoptosis occurs through the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. It thus appears chloramphenicol is not only an old antibiotic, it is also a potential cytotoxic agent effective against myeloma cells. This suggests chloramphenicol may be an effective "new" drug for the treatment of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqing Tian
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Meiqin Tang
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Juheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Delan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingcai Huang
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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88
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Kovacik A, Tvrda E, Fulopova D, Cupka P, Kovacikova E, Zbynovska K, Massanyi P. In Vitro Assessment of Gentamicin Cytotoxicity on the Selected Mammalian Cell Line (Vero cells). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/arls-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of different concentrations (500-7500 μg/mL) of gentamicin - GENT (aminoglycoside antibiotic) on the selected mammalian cell line (Vero - cell line from African green monkey kidney). Analysis of the cell morphological changes was microscopically evaluated (magnification × 400). Quantification of Ca, Mg and total proteins was performed using spectrophotometry on device Rx Monza (Randox). Quantification of Na, K and Cl was performed on the automatic analyzer EasyLyte. The cell viability was assessed using the metabolic mitochondrial MTT test. Vero cells were able to survive at concentrations of 500 (89.21 %), 1000 (79.54 %) and 2000 μg/mL (34.59 %). We observed statistically significant decrease of vital cell content at concentrations of 2000, 4500, 7500 μg/mL against control group. Vero cell line slightly reacted to the presence of GENT but total proteins and mineral parameters were not significantly affected. Vero cells were highly sensitive to GENT with a significant decrease of viability at concentrations of 2000 and 4500 μg/mL (P < 0.001). Our data reveal that GENT has a significant cytotoxic and adverse effect on the cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kovacik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Tvrda
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Diana Fulopova
- Institute for State Control of Veterinary Biologicals and Medicines, 949 01-Nitra, Biovetska 34, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Cupka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kovacikova
- Research Centre AgroBioTech, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Zbynovska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Massanyi
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76-Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak Republic
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89
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Yang L, Broomhead M, Nuutila K, Proppe K, Eriksson E. Topically Delivered Minocycline Penetrates a Full-Thickness Burn Eschar and Reduces Tissue Bacterial Counts. J Burn Care Res 2017; 39:790-797. [DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Applied Tissue Technologies LLC, Hingham, MA
| | | | | | - Karl Proppe
- Applied Tissue Technologies LLC, Hingham, MA
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90
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Fraioli R, Tsimbouri PM, Fisher LE, Nobbs AH, Su B, Neubauer S, Rechenmacher F, Kessler H, Ginebra MP, Dalby MJ, Manero JM, Mas-Moruno C. Towards the cell-instructive bactericidal substrate: exploring the combination of nanotopographical features and integrin selective synthetic ligands. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16363. [PMID: 29180787 PMCID: PMC5703844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering the interface between biomaterials and tissues is important to increase implant lifetime and avoid failures and revision surgeries. Permanent devices should enhance attachment and differentiation of stem cells, responsible for injured tissue repair, and simultaneously discourage bacterial colonization; this represents a major challenge. To take first steps towards such a multifunctional surface we propose merging topographical and biochemical cues on the surface of a clinically relevant material such as titanium. In detail, our strategy combines antibacterial nanotopographical features with integrin selective synthetic ligands that can rescue the adhesive capacity of the surfaces and instruct mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) response. To this end, a smooth substrate and two different high aspect ratio topographies have been produced and coated either with an αvβ3-selective peptidomimetic, an α5β1-selective peptidomimetic, or an RGD/PHSRN peptidic molecule. Results showed that antibacterial effects of the substrates could be maintained when tested on pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, functionalization increased MSC adhesion to the surfaces and the αvβ3-selective peptidomimetic-coated nanotopographies promoted osteogenesis. Such a dual physicochemical approach to achieve multifunctional surfaces represents a first step in the design of novel cell-instructive biomaterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fraioli
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | | | - Leanne E Fisher
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Stefanie Neubauer
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Florian Rechenmacher
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12, Scotland, UK
| | - José M Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain.
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain.
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91
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Zhang Y, Shen L, Mao Z, Wang N, Wang X, Huang X, Hu Y, Shou D, Wen C. Icariin Enhances Bone Repair in Rabbits with Bone Infection during Post-infection Treatment and Prevents Inhibition of Osteoblasts by Vancomycin. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:784. [PMID: 29163169 PMCID: PMC5671559 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin is an effective antibiotic for treatment of bone infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus, however, a high local concentration of vancomycin might induce a delay in bone union. Icariin has been reported to suppress osteoclastogenes and promote osteogenesis. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of icariin on bone repair after anti-infection treatment in vivo and to explore the resisting effect of icariin on rat calvarial osteoblasts (ROBs) inhibited with high doses of vancomycin. Rabbits with bone infection of S. aureus were treated with implanted vancomycin-calcium sulfate (VCS) and icariin at 10.86 mg/kg/day for consecutive 8 weeks. Micro-CT, morphology, blood biochemistry were evaluated. In addition, ROBs were treated with vancomycin and icariin at different doses. Cell proliferation and differentiation capabilities, BMP2, Runx2, OPG, RANKL mRNA levels and protein expression were assessed. The results indicated that high dose of vancomycin significantly decreased bone mass and inhibited osteocalcin secretion; icariin increased these indicators compared with the single vancomycin treatment. Over 0.1 mg/mL of vancomycin inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of ROBs, while icariin resisted the inhibition of vancomycin by regulating cell cycle and promoting the Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Moreover, icariin promote bone formation by up-regulating BMP2/Runx2 and OPG/RANKL pathways. Icariin exhibited osteoplastic properties on osteoblasts that had been inhibited with high doses of vancomycin. Therefore, icariin is helpful for post-infection treatment of bone infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Mao
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nani Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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92
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Radulović NS, Todorovska MM, Zlatković DB, Stojanović NM, Randjelović PJ. Two goitrogenic 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione derivatives from Brassicales taxa: Challenging identification, occurrence and immunomodulatory effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 110:94-108. [PMID: 29017835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Oxazolidine-2-thione derivatives are glucosinolate-related food constituents known to impart (thyreo)toxic properties to some cruciferous vegetables. In this work, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione and (-)-(R)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione, known goitrogens, were isolated from Draba lasiocarpa Rochel (Brassicaceae) and Reseda luteola L. (Resedaceae), respectively, and were fully spectrally characterized. Subsequently, the occurrence of the two 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thiones was verified in six additional taxa out of in total 78 screened Serbian Brassicales taxa. The stereochemistry of 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione was inferred from nuclear magnetic resonance experiments with a chiral lanthanide-shift reagent, employed in this work for the first time for this type of compounds. Unexpectedly, during gas chromatography, 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione underwent an unreported thermal core isomerization (1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione to 1,3-thiazolidine-2-one). These goitrogenic volatile glucosinolate products were tested for their effect on rat macrophage viability (three assays) and nitric oxide production. It was shown that the compounds displayed different levels of cytotoxicity. All tested compounds caused a significant lactate dehydrogenase leakage, but only (R)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione statistically significantly reduced macrophage mitochondrial activity, whereas the racemic 5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione had little or no effect. Again only (R)-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione exerted nitric oxide production-inhibiting properties, suggesting the higher immunomodulatory potential of this enantiomer compared with its antipode and racemic mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia.
| | - Milica M Todorovska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Dragan B Zlatković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Nikola M Stojanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Dr Zoran Ðinđić Boulevard 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Pavle J Randjelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Dr Zoran Ðinđić Boulevard 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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93
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Influence of Mitochondrial Genetics on the Mitochondrial Toxicity of Linezolid in Blood Cells and Skin Nerve Fibers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00542-17. [PMID: 28674062 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00542-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic linezolid is a ribosomal inhibitor with excellent efficacy. Although the administration period has been reduced to 28 days, side effects, usually of hematologic or neuropathic origin, are still reported due to secondary inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Susceptibility to linezolid toxicity remains unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to gain an understanding of clinical heterogeneity in response to identical linezolid exposures through exhaustive examination of the molecular basis of tissue-dependent mitotoxicity, consequent cell dysfunction, and the association of mitochondrial genetics with adverse effects of linezolid administered for the recommended period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and skin nerve fibers from 19 and 6 patients, respectively, were evaluated before and after a 28-day linezolid treatment in order to assess toxic effects on mitochondria and cells. Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ribosomal sequences where linezolid binds to mitochondrial ribosomes were also analyzed to investigate their genetic contributions. We found that linezolid reduced mitochondrial protein levels, complex IV activity, and mitochondrial mass in PBMC and was associated with a trend toward an increase in the rate of apoptosis. In skin tissue, mitochondrial mass increased within nerve fibers, accompanied by subclinical axonal swelling. Mitochondrial haplogroup U, mutations in 12S rRNA, and the m.2706A→G, m.3197T→C, and m.3010G→A polymorphisms in 16S rRNA showed a trend toward an association with increased mitochondrial and clinical adverse effects. We conclude that even when linezolid is administered for a shorter time than formerly, adverse effects are reported by 63% of patients. Linezolid exerts tissue-dependent mitotoxicity that is responsible for downstream cellular consequences (blood cell death and nerve fiber swelling), leading to adverse hematologic and peripheral nervous side effects. Multicentric studies should confirm genetic susceptibility in larger cohorts.
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94
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Hoyos-Nogués M, Velasco F, Ginebra MP, Manero JM, Gil FJ, Mas-Moruno C. Regenerating Bone via Multifunctional Coatings: The Blending of Cell Integration and Bacterial Inhibition Properties on the Surface of Biomaterials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:21618-21630. [PMID: 28594999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In dentistry and orthopedics, it is well accepted that implant fixation is a major goal. However, an emerging concern is bacterial infection. Infection of metallic implants can be catastrophic and significantly reduce patient quality of life. Accordingly, in this work, we focus on multifunctional coatings to simultaneously address and mitigate both these problems. We have developed a tailor-made peptide-based chemical platform that integrates the well-known RGD cell adhesive sequence and the lactoferrin-derived LF1-11 antimicrobial peptide. The platform was covalently grafted on titanium via silanization and the functionalization process characterized by contact angle, XPS, and QCM-D. The presence of the platform statistically improved the adhesion, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblast-like cells compared to control surfaces. At the same time, colonization by representative bacterial strains was significantly reduced on the surfaces. Furthermore, the biological potency of the multifunctional platform was verified in a co-culture in vitro model. Our findings demonstrate that this multifunctional approach can be useful to functionalize biomaterials to both improve cell integration and reduce the risk of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Hoyos-Nogués
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Velasco
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Manero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Gil
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC) , 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group (BBT), Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) , 08019 Barcelona, Spain
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95
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Zhuo C, Zheng D, He Z, Jin J, Ren Z, Jin F, Wang Y. HSV-1 enhances the energy metabolism of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to promote virus infection. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To explore the underlying influence of HSV type-1 (HSV-1) infection on the energy metabolism of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs). Methods: UCMSCs (derived from different donors) were isolated from umbilical cord tissue, cultured and infected with HSV-1. Various virology and biochemical assays were used to assess cell viability and function, such as plaque formation assay and mitochondrial mass assay. Results: HSV-1 infection sharply activated mitochondrial biogenesis, increased glucose consumption, oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis of UCMSCs. Treatment with rotenone (a metabolism antagonist) and iodoacetic acid significantly blocked the proliferation of HSV-1 in UCMSCs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates, for the first time, that HSV-1 infection affects the energy metabolism process of UCMSCs. Treatment with the appropriate metabolism antagonists might improve the safety and efficacy of clinical stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqin Zhuo
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Danlin Zheng
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhe He
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ju Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Zhe Ren
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Fujun Jin
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science & Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
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96
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Paech F, Messner S, Spickermann J, Wind M, Schmitt-Hoffmann AH, Witschi AT, Howell BA, Church RJ, Woodhead J, Engelhardt M, Krähenbühl S, Maurer M. Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity associated with the monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic BAL30072. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:3647-3662. [PMID: 28536862 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-1994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BAL30072 is a new monocyclic β-lactam antibiotic under development which provides a therapeutic option for the treatment of severe infections caused by multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Despite the absence of liver toxicity in preclinical studies in rats and marmosets and in single dose clinical studies in humans, increased transaminase activities were observed in healthy subjects in multiple-dose clinical studies. We, therefore, initiated a comprehensive program to find out the mechanisms leading to hepatocellular injury using HepG2 cells (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line), HepaRG cells (inducible hepatocytes derived from a human hepatic progenitor cell line), and human liver microtissue preparations. Our investigations demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent reduction of the ATP content of BAL30072-treated HepG2 cells and liver microtissues. BAL30072 impaired oxygen consumption by HepG2 cells at clinically relevant concentrations, inhibited complexes II and III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, BAL 30072 impaired mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism, inhibited glycolysis, and was associated with hepatocyte apoptosis. Co-administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine partially protected hepatocytes from BAL30072-mediated toxicity, underscoring the role of oxidative damage in the observed hepatocellular toxicity. In conclusion, BAL30072 is toxic for liver mitochondria and inhibits glycolysis at clinically relevant concentrations. Impaired hepatic mitochondrial function and inhibition of glycolysis can explain liver injury observed in human subjects receiving long-term treatment with this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Paech
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simon Messner
- InSphero AG, Wagistrasse 27, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Spickermann
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Wind
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Therese Witschi
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brett A Howell
- The Hamner-UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institute for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel J Church
- The UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jeff Woodhead
- The Hamner-UNC Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The Hamner Institute for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Marc Engelhardt
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Hebelstrasse 2, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4056, Basel, Switzerland. .,Swiss Centre of Applied Human Toxicology, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Martina Maurer
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 487, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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97
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Shah SR, Smith BT, Tatara AM, Molina ER, Lee EJ, Piepergerdes TC, Uhrig BA, Guldberg RE, Bennett GN, Wenke JC, Mikos AG. Effects of Local Antibiotic Delivery from Porous Space Maintainers on Infection Clearance and Induction of an Osteogenic Membrane in an Infected Bone Defect. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:91-100. [PMID: 27998243 PMCID: PMC5312600 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of large bone defects can be complicated by the presence of both infection and local antibiotic administration. This can be addressed through a two-stage reconstructive approach, called the Masquelet technique, that involves the generation of an induced osteogenic membrane over a temporary poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) space maintainer, followed by definitive reconstruction after the induced membrane is formed. Given that infection and antibiotic delivery each have independent effects on local tissue response, the objective of this study is to evaluate the interaction between local clindamycin release and bacterial contamination with regards to infection prevention and the restoration of pro-osteogenic gene expression in the induced membrane. Porous PMMA space maintainers with or without clindamycin were implanted in an 8 mm rat femoral defect model with or without Staphylococcus aureus inoculation for 28 days in a full-factorial study design (four groups, n = 8/group). Culture results demonstrated that 8/8 animals in the inoculated/no antibiotic group were infected at 4 weeks, which was significantly reduced to 1/8 animals in the inoculated/antibiotic group. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that clindamycin treatment restores inflammatory cytokine and growth factor expression to the same levels as the no inoculation/no antibiotic group, demonstrating that clindamycin can ameliorate the negative effects of bacterial inoculation and does not itself negatively impact the expression of important cytokines. Main effect analysis shows that bacterial inoculation and clindamycin treatment have independent and interacting effects on the gene expression profile of the induced membrane, further highlighting that antibiotics play an important role in the regeneration of infected defects apart from their antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita R. Shah
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Eric R. Molina
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Esther J. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Brent A. Uhrig
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Joseph C. Wenke
- Extremity Trauma & Regenerative Medicine, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, Texas
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98
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Claudia M, Kristin Ö, Jennifer O, Eva R, Eleonore F. Comparison of fluorescence-based methods to determine nanoparticle uptake by phagocytes and non-phagocytic cells in vitro. Toxicology 2017; 378:25-36. [PMID: 28065592 PMCID: PMC5410379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
At many portals of entry the relative uptake by phagocytes and non-phagocytic cells has a prominent effect on availability and biological action of nanoparticles (NPs). Cellular uptake can be determined for fluorescence-labeled NPs. The present study compares three methods (plate reader, flow cytometry and image analysis) in order to investigate the influence of particle size and functionalization and medium content on cellular uptake of fluorescence–labeled polystyrene particles and to study the respective method’s suitability for uptake studies. For comparison between the techniques, ratios of macrophage to alveolar epithelial cell uptakes were used. Presence of serum protein in the exposure solution decreased uptake of carboxyl-functionalized and non-functionalized particles; there was no clear effect for the amine-functionalized particles. The 200 nm non- or carboxyl-functionalized NPs were taken up preferentially by phagocytes while for amine-functionalized particles preference was lowest. The presence of the serum slightly increased the preference for these particles. In conclusion, due to the possibility of calibration, plate reader measurements might present a better option than the other techniques to (semi)quantify differences between phagocytes and non-phagocytic cells for particles with different fluorescence. In order to obtain unbiased data the fluorescent labeling has to fulfill certain requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meindl Claudia
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Öhlinger Kristin
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ober Jennifer
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Roblegg Eva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens-University of Graz, Humboldtstr, 46, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Fröhlich Eleonore
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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99
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Erdem M, Küçük C, Büyükgüzel E, Büyükgüzel K. Ingestion of the anti-bacterial agent, gemifloxacin mesylate, leads to increased gst activity and peroxidation products in hemolymph of Galleria mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 93:202-209. [PMID: 27588824 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gemifloxacin mesylate (GEM) is a synthetic, fourth-generation fluoroquinolone antibacterial antibiotic that has a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria. GEM inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV activities. Recent research into insect nutrition and mass-rearing programs, in which antibiotics are incorporated into the culture media to maintain diet quality, raised a question of whether clinical antibiotics influence the health or biological performance of the insects that ingest these compounds. Because some antibiotics are pro-oxidant compounds, we addressed the question with experiments designed to assess the effects of GEM (mesylate salt) on oxidative stress indicators, using Galleria mellonella larvae. The insects were reared from first-instar larvae to adulthood on artificial diets amended with GEM at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0%. Feeding on the 1% diets led to significantly increased hemolymph contents of the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde and protein oxidation products, protein carbonyl. All GEM concentrations led to increased hemolymph glutathione S-transferase activity. We inferred that although it was not directly lethal to G. mellonella larvae, dietary exposure to GEM exerts measurable oxidative damage, possibly on insects generally. Long-term, multigenerational effects remain unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Erdem
- Ahmet Erdoğan Vocational School of Health Services, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Küçük
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ender Büyükgüzel
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Kemal Büyükgüzel
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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100
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of cefazolin and cefuroxime (the two most commonly used beta lactam antibiotics) at therapeutic doses in fracture healing in an animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS 75 adult male wistar rats (3months old) were selected. They were divided into three groups of 25 animals each (placebo, cefazolin and cefuroxime). A closed fracture was made in the middle third of the right femur of each rat and fixed with a Kirschner wire. Each group was treated with either saline (placebo), cefazolin or cefuroxime at therapeutic doses during fracture healing. Four weeks after fracture rats were killed and femora analysed through mechanical and histological testing. RESULTS The group treated with cefuroxime showed a lower mechanical resistance of the healing callus and a lower histological grade than placebo. The group treated with cefazoline showed a similar mechanical resistance and histological grade of callus to placebo. CONCLUSION Cefuroxime appear to disturb fracture healing more than cefazolin or placebo in Wistar rats. If those results are similar to human, the use of cefuroxime during fracture healing should be avoided in the clinical setting, if possible.
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