51
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Gopinath VS, Pinjari J, Dere RT, Verma A, Vishwakarma P, Shivahare R, Moger M, Kumar Goud PS, Ramanathan V, Bose P, Rao M, Gupta S, Puri SK, Launay D, Martin D. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-substituted quinolines as potential antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:527-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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52
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Quintal S, Morais TS, Matos CP, Paula Robalo M, Piedade MFM, Villa de Brito MJ, Helena Garcia M, Marques M, Maia C, Campino L, Madureira J. Synthesis, structural characterization and leishmanicidal activity evaluation of ferrocenyl N-heterocyclic compounds. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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53
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Leverrier A, Bero J, Frédérich M, Quetin-Leclercq J, Palermo J. Antiparasitic hybrids of Cinchona alkaloids and bile acids. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:355-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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54
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Venkateswarlu C, Balaji P, De K, Crousse B, Figadère B, Legros J. Straightforward synthesis of 2-propylquinolines under multicomponent conditions in fluorinated alcohols. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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55
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Bompart D, Núñez-Durán J, Rodríguez D, Kouznetsov VV, Meléndez Gómez CM, Sojo F, Arvelo F, Visbal G, Alvarez A, Serrano-Martín X, García-Marchán Y. Anti-leishmanial evaluation of C2-aryl quinolines: mechanistic insight on bioenergetics and sterol biosynthetic pathway of Leishmania braziliensis. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4426-31. [PMID: 23719286 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of diverse simple C2-aryl quinolines was synthesized de novo via a straightforward synthesis based on the acid-catalyzed multicomponent imino Diels-Alder reactions. Seven selected quinolines were evaluated at different stages of Leishmania braziliensis parasite. Among them, the 6-ethyl-2-phenylquinoline 5f was able to inhibit the growth of promastigotes of this parasite without affecting the mammalian cells viability and decreasing the number of intracellular L. braziliensis amastigotes on BMDM macrophages. The mechanism of action studied for the selected compound consisted in: (1) alteration of parasite bioenergetics, by disrupting mitochondrial electrochemical potential and alkalinization of acidocalcisomes, and (2) inhibition of ergosterol biosynthetic pathway in promastigote forms. These results validate the efficiency of quinoline molecules as leishmanicide compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daznia Bompart
- Laboratorio de Señalización Celular y Bioquímica de Parásitos, Área de Salud, Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
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56
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Pandey AK, Sharma R, Shivahare R, Arora A, Rastogi N, Gupta S, Chauhan PMS. Synthesis of Perspicamide A and Related Diverse Analogues: Their Bioevaluation as Potent Antileishmanial Agents. J Org Chem 2013; 78:1534-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3025626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Neeraj Rastogi
- Centre of Biomedical Magnetic
Resonance (CBMR), Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
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57
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Marella A, Tanwar OP, Saha R, Ali MR, Srivastava S, Akhter M, Shaquiquzzaman M, Alam MM. Quinoline: A versatile heterocyclic. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 21:1-12. [PMID: 23960814 PMCID: PMC3744984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoline or 1-aza-naphthalene is a weak tertiary base. Quinoline ring has been found to possess antimalarial, anti-bacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, cardiotonic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activity. Quinoline not only has a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities but there are several established protocols for the synthesis of this ring. The article aims at highlighting these very diversities of the ring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110 062, India
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58
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Calla-Magariños J, Quispe T, Giménez A, Freysdottir J, Troye-Blomberg M, Fernández C. Quinolinic Alkaloids from Galipea longiflora KrauseSuppress Production of Proinflammatory Cytokinesin vitroand Control Inflammationin vivouponLeishmaniaInfection in Mice. Scand J Immunol 2012; 77:30-8. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Quispe
- Laboratory of Immunology; SELADIS Institute; Biochemistry and Pharmacy Faculty; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés; La Paz; Bolivia
| | - A. Giménez
- IIFB Institute; Biochemistry and Pharmacy Faculty; Universidad Mayor de San Andrés; La Paz; Bolivia
| | | | - M. Troye-Blomberg
- Department of Immunology; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - C. Fernández
- Department of Immunology; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm; Sweden
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59
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Synthesis and antifungal activity of diverse C-2 pyridinyl and pyridinylvinyl substituted quinolines. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6506-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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60
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Discovery of a new antileishmanial hit in 8-nitroquinoline series. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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61
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Campos Vieira N, Vacus J, Fournet A, Baudouin R, Bories C, Séon-Méniel B, Figadère B, Loiseau PM. Antileishmanial activity of a formulation of 2-n-propylquinoline by oral route in mice model. Parasite 2012; 18:333-6. [PMID: 22091464 PMCID: PMC3677589 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2011184333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2-n-propylquinoline is presently a drug-candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniosis in pre-clinical development. As this compound is in an oily state, it needs to be formulated and the objectives of this study are: to prepare a formulation; to demonstrate that the new salted formulation did not alter the activity of the active ingredient; and finally, that this activity was quite good compared to the reference oral drug, miltefosine. Therefore, a 2-n-propylquinoline formulation, as camphorsulfonic salt, was prepared and characterised. On the Leishmania donovani / Balb/c mice model, a treatment by oral route at 60 μmoles/kg/day for ten consecutive days with this formulation was compared to 2-n-propylquinoline alone and to miltefosine, the oral reference drug. The salt formulation did not alter the activity of the 2-n-propylquinoline. The formulation reduced the parasite burden of 76% compared to 89% for miltefosine (not significant). The characteristics of this formulation results in a suitable drugability of 2-n-propylquinoline for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Campos Vieira
- Groupe Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, UMR 8076 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Rue Jean-Baptiste, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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62
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Chowdhury C, Das B, Mukherjee S, Achari B. Palladium-Catalyzed Approach for the General Synthesis of (E)-2-Arylmethylidene-N-tosylindolines and (E)-2-Arylmethylidene-N-tosyl/nosyltetrahydroquinolines: Access to 2-Substituted Indoles and Quinolines. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5108-19. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300458v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Chowdhury
- Chemistry
Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Bimolendu Das
- Chemistry
Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Sanjukta Mukherjee
- Chemistry
Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Basudeb Achari
- Chemistry
Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR), 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India
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63
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Schmidt B, Krehl S, Kelling A, Schilde U. Synthesis of 8-Aryl-Substituted Coumarins Based on Ring-Closing Metathesis and Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling: Synthesis of a Furyl Coumarin Natural Product from Galipea panamensis. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2360-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo2026564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schmidt
- Institut
fuer Chemie (Organische Synthesechemie) and ‡Institut fuer Chemie (Anorganische
Chemie), Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Stefan Krehl
- Institut
fuer Chemie (Organische Synthesechemie) and ‡Institut fuer Chemie (Anorganische
Chemie), Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kelling
- Institut
fuer Chemie (Organische Synthesechemie) and ‡Institut fuer Chemie (Anorganische
Chemie), Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Schilde
- Institut
fuer Chemie (Organische Synthesechemie) and ‡Institut fuer Chemie (Anorganische
Chemie), Universitaet Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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64
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Sen R, Chatterjee M. Plant derived therapeutics for the treatment of Leishmaniasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 18:1056-69. [PMID: 21596544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases caused by insect borne trypanosomatid parasites are significant, yet remain a neglected public health problem. Leishmania, a unicellular protozoan parasite is the causative organism of Leishmaniasis and is transmitted by female phlebotamine sandflies affecting millions of people worldwide. In the wake of resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs, new therapeutic alternatives are desirable. The plant kingdom has in the past provided several affordable compounds and this review aims to provide an overview of the current status of available leishmanicidal plant derived compounds that are effective singly or in combination with conventional anti-leishmanial drugs, yet are non toxic to mammalian host cells. Furthermore, delineation of the contributory biochemical mechanisms involved in mediating their effect would help develop new chemotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupashree Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244 B, Acharya JC Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700020, India
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65
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Kalita D, Baruah JB. Selectivity in metal ions mediated C-N bond formation reactions of 8-aminoquinoline derivatives. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipjyoti Kalita
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
| | - Jubaraj B. Baruah
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781 039 Assam India
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66
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Seifert K. Structures, targets and recent approaches in anti-leishmanial drug discovery and development. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2011; 5:31-9. [PMID: 21629509 PMCID: PMC3103891 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501105010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a significant improvement in available treatment options for leishmaniasis. Two new drugs, miltefosine and paromomycin, have been registered for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in India since 2002. Combination therapy is now explored in clinical trials as a new treatment approach for VL to reduce the length of treatment and potentially prevent selection of resistant parasites. However there is still a need for new drugs due to safety, resistance, stability and cost issues with existing therapies. The search for topical treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is ongoing. This review gives a brief overview of recent developments and approaches in anti-leishmanial drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Seifert
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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67
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68
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Patil NT, Raut VS. Cooperative Catalysis with Metal and Secondary Amine: Synthesis of 2-Substituted Quinolines via Addition/Cycloisomerization Cascade. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6961-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin T. Patil
- Organic Chemistry Division - II, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - Vivek S. Raut
- Organic Chemistry Division - II, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 607, India
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69
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Nagarajan S, Arjun P, Raaman N, Das TM. Regioselective facile one-pot Friedländer synthesis of sugar-based heterocyclic biomolecules. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1988-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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70
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Subashini R, Khan FN, Reddy TR, Hathwar VR, Akkurt M. 2,4-Dichloro-7,8-dimethylquinoline. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o1535. [PMID: 21587784 PMCID: PMC3006798 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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71
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Gupta S, Pal A, Vyas SP. Drug delivery strategies for therapy of visceral leishmaniasis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:371-402. [PMID: 20201740 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most overwhelming type of leishmaniasis associated with the poverty of developing countries and usually mortal if untreated. Most of the conventionally used dosage forms offer us the shortcomings of toxic side effects and emergence of drug resistance. Several efforts have been made to overcome the barriers involved in the treatment of VL. Colloidal carriers extensively represent the drug delivery systems (DDSs) for intracellular localization of antileishmanial compounds in macrophage-rich organs such as liver, spleen and bone marrow. These DDSs offer superior therapeutic efficacy over the conventional treatment in terms of site-specific drug delivery with reduced side effects. However, after 35 years of research in the field, AmBisome (Amphotericin B liposome for injection, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.) is the only DDS used against the VL. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW A literature search was performed (for drugs and DDSs against VL) on PubMed and through Google. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review aims to describe the pathophysiology of VL and its current conventional treatment with special reference to DDSs designed against VL. TAKE HOME MESSAGE On reviewing the conventional drugs and DDSs developed against VL, it is concluded that advances in the field of targeted drug delivery can result in more efficient strategies for the therapy of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Nanomedicine Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga (PB), India.
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72
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Arango V, Robledo S, Séon-Méniel B, Figadère B, Cardona W, Sáez J, Otálvaro F. Coumarins from Galipea panamensis and Their Activity against Leishmania panamensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1012-1014. [PMID: 20423106 DOI: 10.1021/np100146y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two new coumarin compounds (1 and 2), phebalosin (3), its derived artifact murralongin (4), and murrangatin acetonide (5) were isolated from the leaves of Galipea panamensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were assigned as 7-{[(2R*)-3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl]methoxy}-8-[(2R*,3R*)-3-isopropenyloxiran-2-yl]-2H-chromen-2-one and 7-methoxy-8-(4-methyl-3-furyl)-2H-chromen-2-one, respectively, on the basis of their spectroscopic data (primarily NMR and MS). Compounds 1-3 were tested against axenic amastigote forms of Leishmania panamensis and displayed 50% effective concentrations (EC(50)) of 9.9, 10.5, and 14.1 microg/mL, respectively. These three compounds also displayed cytotoxicity (IC(50)) at concentrations of 9.7, 33.0, and 20.7 microg/mL, respectively, on human promonocytic U-937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Arango
- Instituto de Quimica, Quimica de Plantas Colombianas, Universidad de Antioquia, A.A 1226, Medellin, Colombia
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73
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Ferreira ME, de Arias AR, Yaluff G, de Bilbao NV, Nakayama H, Torres S, Schinini A, Guy I, Heinzen H, Fournet A. Antileishmanial activity of furoquinolines and coumarins from Helietta apiculata. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:375-378. [PMID: 19879121 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The bark infusion of H. apiculata are used to treat wound healing related to cutaneous leishmaniasis and as anti-inflammatory. AIM OF THE STUDY To isolate, purify active constituents of H. apiculata stem bark, and evaluate their in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation by chromatographic methods and chemical identification of furoquinoline alkaloids and coumarins, then evaluation of the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of these compounds against three strains of Leishmania sp. promastigotes and in vivo against Leishmania amazonensis in Balb/c mice. RESULTS Furoquinoline alkaloids and coumarins presented a moderate in vitro activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania sp. with IC(50) values in the range between 17 and >50 microg/ml. Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis were treated with gamma-fagarine by oral route, or with 3-(1'-dimethylallyl)-decursinol or (-)-heliettin by subscutaneous route for 14 days at 10mg/kg daily. In these conditions, gamma-fagarine, 3-(1'-dimethylallyl)-decursinol and (-)-heliettin showed the same efficacy as the reference drug reducing by 97.4, 95.6 and 98.6% the parasite loads in the lesion, respectively. CONCLUSION These compounds showed significant efficacy in L. amazonensis infected mice, providing important knowledge to improve its potential role for a future use in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Department of Tropical Medicine, Asunción, Paraguay
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74
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Mphahlele MJ. Synthesis of 2-arylquinolin-4(1H)-ones and their transformation toN-alkylated andO-alkylated derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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75
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Müller TJJ. Palladium-Copper Catalyzed Alkyne Activation as an Entry to Multicomponent Syntheses of Heterocycles. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2010_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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76
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O'Donnell F, Smyth TJP, Ramachandran VN, Smyth WF. A study of the antimicrobial activity of selected synthetic and naturally occurring quinolines. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 35:30-8. [PMID: 19748233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of 60 naturally occurring and synthetic quinolines were studied. The quinolines were organised into seven structural subgroups and, using an in-house microtitre assay, were tested against a range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including a hospital isolate of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The quinolines exhibiting good bioactivity [i.e. low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)] against two S. aureus strains were then assessed for their antimicrobial activity against a range of eight clinically isolated MRSA strains. The study showed that 30 of the tested compounds displayed antimicrobial activity, mostly against gram-positive bacteria. The effects of substituent groups on the bioactivity of these quinolines have also been discussed. The quinoline 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-quinol-2-one (11) exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, being active against the MRSA clinical isolates with MIC values comparable with the antibiotic vancomycin used in the treatment of MRSA infections. In particular, 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-quinol-2-one (11) showed MIC values of 0.097 microg/mL against an Irish hospital MRSA-1 strain and 0.049 microg/mL against a distinct MRSA strain as well as a non-typeable MRSA strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F O'Donnell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Derry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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77
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Rational Approaches for Drug Designing Against Leishmaniasis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:2208-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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78
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Gastroprotective activity of alkaloid extract and 2-phenylquinoline obtained from the bark of Galipea longiflora Krause (Rutaceae). Chem Biol Interact 2009; 180:312-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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79
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Calla-Magarinos J, Giménez A, Troye-Blomberg M, Fernández C. An Alkaloid Extract of Evanta, Traditionally Used as Anti-leishmania Agent in Bolivia, Inhibits Cellular Proliferation and Interferon-γ Production in Polyclonally Activated Cells. Scand J Immunol 2009; 69:251-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2008.02219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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80
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Subashini R, Hathwar VR, Manivel P, Prabakaran K, Khan FN. 2,4-Dichloro-6-methoxy-quinoline. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o370. [PMID: 21581968 PMCID: PMC2968243 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809002402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, C(10)H(7)Cl(2)NO, features a planar mol-ecule, excluding the methyl H atoms [maximum deviation = 0.0385 (1) Å]. The crystal packing is stabilized by π-π stacking inter-actions across inversion centres [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.736 (3) Å].
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Subashini
- Organic Chemistry Division, School of Science and Humanities, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesha R. Hathwar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - P. Manivel
- Organic Chemistry Division, School of Science and Humanities, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Prabakaran
- Organic Chemistry Division, School of Science and Humanities, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - F. Nawaz Khan
- Organic Chemistry Division, School of Science and Humanities, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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81
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Vieira NC, Herrenknecht C, Vacus J, Fournet A, Bories C, Figadère B, Espindola LS, Loiseau PM. Selection of the most promising 2-substituted quinoline as antileishmanial candidate for clinical trials. Biomed Pharmacother 2008; 62:684-9. [PMID: 18849137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antileishmanial evaluation of more than one hundred 2-substituted quinolines led us to identify three compounds for further studies: compound 1 (2-n-propylquinoline), compound 2 (2-(2methoxyethenyl)quinoline) and compound 3 (2-(2-hydroxyprop-2-enyl)quinoline). The final selection of a potential drug candidate was mainly based on chemical stability and acute oral toxicity as discriminating criteria. The most stable compound in various conditions was 2-n-propylquinoline (compound 1). Only reversible toxicity signs were observed for compound 1 at 1000 mg/kg after a treatment by oral route at a single dose and no sign was detected at 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, 2-substituted quinolines were active on a Leishmania donovani line, resistant to sitamaquine, a 8-aminoquinoline, suggesting that 2-substituted quinolines and 8-aminoquinoline probably affect a different target in L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashira Campos Vieira
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie Groupe de et Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire UMR 8076 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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82
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Reddy EA, Barange DK, Islam A, Mukkanti K, Pal M. Synthesis of 2-alkynylquinolines from 2-chloro and 2,4-dichloroquinoline via Pd/C-catalyzed coupling reaction in water. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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83
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da Silva MFDGF, Soares MS, Fernandes JB, Vieria PC. Alkyl, aryl, alkylarylquinoline, and related alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2008; 64:139-214. [PMID: 18085331 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(07)64004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The Rutaceae continues to be the primary source of new alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones. In the past 17 years, the overall distribution of these alkaloid types within the family has changed little since the chemosystematics reviews by Waterman (270), Mester (40), and da Silva et al. (279). Alkylquinolones dominate the reported isolations with about 51% of the total, with arylquinolones (16%), alkylquinolines (15%), alkylarylquinolines (11%), arylquinolines (3%), alkylarylquinolones (2%), and quinolines (2%) as the significant structural groups contributing to the remainder of this class of alkaloids. The alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/one alkaloids occur in 50 species belonging to 24 genera and 6 subfamilies. Despite the intensive chemical exploration of many species from other plants in the Rutales family, but not in the family Rutaceae, the first alkaloid alkylquinolone from a simaroubaceous plant (160) was not reported until 1997. Although many additional alkaloids have been reported, some of new structural types (Bo.4), substantial biosynthetic work on plant-derived alkylquinolin/ones has not yet been carried out. The biosynthesis of some of these alkaloids in bacteria was firmly established as being derived from anthranilic acid. Outside of the Rutales, alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones have not been found, except for simple quinoline (A.1; only one) and 2-methylquinoline derivatives in the Zygophyllaceae, and only an atypical quinolone derivative (Ao.1) in the Asteraceae family. A few 3-phenylquinolines (2), 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)quinoline (1), and quinoline-quinazoline (1) alkaloids have been reported from only a single genus in the Zygophyllaceae. Tryptophan-derived quinolines in higher plants are confined to a few 2-carboxylicquinolin/ones (6) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (5); the former found in the Ephedraceae (5), Boraginaceae (1), Fagaceae (1), Ginkgoaceae (1), Plumbaginaceae (1), Solanaceae (1), and Apiaceae (1), and the latter in the Moraceae (3), Alliaceae (1), and Pontederiacae (1). The number of quinolones derived from glycine and a polyketide is also limited. 5-Alkyl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones (8) occur in the Euphorbiaceae, and 5-alkyaryl-2-methylquinolin-4(1H)-ones ((3) in the Sterculiaceae. Alkylquinolin/ones are well-known as typical alkaloids of three Proteobacteria and three Actinobacteria; the genus Pseudomonas yielded the majority (46%) of the total number of alkaloids reported (39). 2-Carboxylicquinolin/ones (4) and 4-carbaldehydequinolines (6) are minor constituents in both divisions of bacteria. More interesting are the quinolactacins (7), in which the second nitrogen is derived from L-valine or L-isoleucine, recently reported to occur only in the fungus Penicillium. Many of these diverse alkaloids have served directly as medicines or as lead compounds for the synthesis (258) of derivatives with an improved biological profile. It is apparent from the summary view of the alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones reported in the Rutaceae that they help to confirm the affinity between Rutoideae tribes and provide firm support for placing the Spathelioideae and the Dictyolomatoideae close to the more primitive Zanthoxyleae tribe. On the other hand, the bacteria and fungi are needed for more substantial chemical studies. When more data become available, it is likely that useful systematic correlations will emerge. More detailed studies regarding the biosynthetic pathways of the alkyl-, aryl-, and alkylarylquinolin/ones in the Rutaceae and in bacteria are needed. Such studies would clarify the differences in the pathways based on their derivation from anthranilic acid in bacteria and in rutaceous plants. Finally, this survey indicates that the Rutaceae, and various bacterial and fungal species offer considerable potential for the discovery of new or known alkaloids with significant and possibly valuable biological activities.
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84
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Osorio EJ, Robledo SM, Bastida J. Alkaloids with antiprotozoal activity. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2008; 66:113-90. [PMID: 19025098 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(08)00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edison J Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Sustancias Bioactivas, Facultad de Química-Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia, A. A. 1226, Medellín, Colombia.
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85
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Akagah B, Lormier AT, Fournet A, Figadère B. Oxidation of antiparasitic 2-substituted quinolines using metalloporphyrin catalysts: scale-up of a biomimetic reaction for metabolite production of drug candidates. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4494-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b815963g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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86
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Grassi F, Guimarães Corrêa AB, Mascarenhas RE, Galvão B, Séon-Méniel B, Schmidt F, Franck X, Hocquemiller R, Figadère B, Fournet A. Quinoline compounds decrease in vitro spontaneous proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type-1-infected patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2007; 62:430-5. [PMID: 17587535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro spontaneous proliferation is the immunological hallmark of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HTLV-1-infected individuals. Quinoline compounds down regulate in vitro cell proliferation of HTLV-1 transformed cell lines. In the present study we assessed the capacity of quinolines to inhibit spontaneous cell proliferation of PBMC from HTLV-1-infected individuals. Twenty-two quinolines were evaluated. Toxicity was first assessed on PBMC from healthy donors by using both the Trypan blue technique and Tetrazolium Salt (XTT) method and then the antiproliferative effect was measured by a classic lymphoproliferative assay on PBMC from three HTLV-1-infected individuals, in the presence of decreasing concentrations of quinolines (from 100microM to 0.8microM), after 5 days of culture. We found that 14 out of 22 compounds were non-toxic to PBMC from uninfected individuals at 100, 50 and 10microM. Four compounds presented a capacity to inhibit more than 80% of the spontaneous proliferation: 7 at 25microM and 10, 20 and 23 at 100microM. Our results indicate that some quinolines block spontaneous proliferation of PBMC from HTLV-1-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Grassi
- Advanced Laboratory of Public Health/CPQGM - Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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87
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Desrivot J, Moussa F, Champy P, Fournet A, Figadère B, Herrenknecht C. Development of a SPE/HPLC/DAD method for the determination of antileishmanial 2-substituted quinolines and metabolites in rat plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:230-8. [PMID: 17499564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 04/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A SPE/HPLC/DAD method was developed for the in vivo monitoring of three new antileishmanial 2-substituted quinolines under study in our laboratory for the development of an oral treatment. Three phase I metabolites were included in this work for the optimization of the method. Trifunctional tC(18) cartridges (resulting from the reaction of trifunctional silanes with silica surface) were selected among four sorbents tested. Two linear gradients were developed to ensure resolution of metabolites. Recovery of quinolines from rat plasma was comprised between 80.6 and 88.2%. In a drug development perspective, apparent pK(a), lipophilicity and solubility were determined, as well as the extent of plasma protein or albumin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Desrivot
- Centre d'Etudes Pharmaceutiques, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, BioCIS UMR 8076, Université Paris-Sud 11, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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88
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Desrivot J, Herrenknecht C, Ponchel G, Garbi N, Prina E, Fournet A, Bories C, Figadère B, Hocquemiller R, Loiseau PM. Antileishmanial 2-substituted quinolines: in vitro behaviour towards biological components. Biomed Pharmacother 2007; 61:441-50. [PMID: 17459651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2007.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinolines substituted on their carbon 2 have in vivo antileishmanial activity but some of them could not be detected in plasma when assayed for pharmacokinetic studies, suggesting a sequestration of the drugs by components of the blood compartment. The present study, performed on three quinolines (1, 2 and 3), showed strong affinity for two of them (2 and 3) with red blood cells (RBCs), whereas quinoline 1 did not react with them. This process was saturable, temperature dependant and positively correlated with the in vitro antileishmanial activity of the quinolines. In addition, a rapid and spontaneous reaction with thiol groups was demonstrated for unsaturated quinolines 2 and 3. The reactivity with RBCs could be part of the compounds targeting to the parasite. These results illustrate that derivatives of the quinoline series with similar antileishmanial in vivo activity have different behaviour in the blood compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Desrivot
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire, Centre d'Etudes Pharmaceutiques, BioCIS UMR 8076, Université Paris-Sud 11, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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89
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Rocha LG, Almeida JRGS, Macêdo RO, Barbosa-Filho JM. A review of natural products with antileishmanial activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 12:514-35. [PMID: 16008131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2003.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The incidence of the disease has increased since the emergence of AIDS. In the absence of a vaccine, there is an urgent need for effective drugs to replace/supplement those in current use. The plant kingdom is undoubtedly valuable as a source of new medicinal agents. The present work constitutes a review of the literature on plant extracts and chemically defined molecules of natural origin showing antileishmanial activity. The review refers to 101 plants, their families, and geographical distribution, the parts utilized, the type of extract and the organism tested. It also includes 288 compounds isolated from higher plants and microorganisms, classified into appropriate chemical groups. Some aspects of recent antileishmanial-activity-directed research on natural products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59000-000 Natal, RN, Brazil
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90
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Kobayashi K, Yoneda K, Miyamoto K, Morikawa O, Konishi H. A convenient synthesis of quinolines by reactions of o-isocyano-β-methoxystyrenes with nucleophiles. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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91
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Kobayashi K, Takagoshi K, Kondo S, Morikawa O, Konishi H. An Efficient Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted Quinolines by Electrophile-Mediated Cyclization Reactions of 2-Isocyanostyrene Derivatives. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2004. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.77.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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92
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Camacho MDR, Phillipson JD, Croft SL, Solis PN, Marshall SJ, Ghazanfar SA. Screening of plant extracts for antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2003; 89:185-191. [PMID: 14611881 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00269-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methanolic and aqueous extracts derived from 43 plant species, selected either from ethnobotanical or chemotaxonomical data, were screened for their antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The cytotoxic activity against KB cells was also determined. Eight extracts had IC50 values of less than 10 microg/ml against Leishmania donovani. The most active was Triclisia patens with an IC50 value of 1.5 microg/ml against Leishmania donovani. Annona purpurea and Alstonia macrophylla had IC50 values below 10 microg/ml against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Annona purpurea was the most cytotoxic against KB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M d R Camacho
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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93
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Duret P, Fakhfakh MA, Herrenknecht C, Fournet A, Franck X, Figadère B, Hocquemiller R. Preparative separation of quinolines by centrifugal partition chromatography with gradient elution. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1011:55-65. [PMID: 14518763 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Centrifugal partition chromatography has been successfully applied to the separation of 2-alkylquinolines from liquid combinatorial synthesis crude samples. Original gradient elution using the ternary two-phase solvent systems heptane-water-acetonitrile and heptane-acetonitrile-methanol were used to separate them with high purity degrees. Part of the effluent was monitored with evaporative light scattering detection, for direct control, and the collected fractions were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, GC, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MS. It was thus possible to purify in one run more than 3 g of crude mixture using only 1.31 of solvents to obtain more than 300 mg of several alkylquinolines homologues with 99% purity and in less than 7 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Duret
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Associé au CNRS (BIOCIS-UMR 8076), Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F-92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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94
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Abstract
Natural products are not only the basis for traditional or ethnic medicine. Only recently, they have provided highly successful new drugs such as Artemisinin. Furthermore, screening natural products found in all sorts of environments such as the deep sea, rain forests and hot springs, and produced by all sorts of organisms ranging from bacteria, fungi and plants to protozoa, sponges and invertebrates, is a highly competitive field where all of the major pharmaceutical companies are encountered. Already, many new natural product groups have revealed antiparasitic properties of surprising efficacy and selectivity, as will be shown in this review for plant-derived alkaloids, terpenes and phenolics. Many novel lead structures, however, have severe chemico-physical drawbacks such as poor solubility. Here, innovative drug formulations and carrier systems might help, as discussed by the authors in another article of this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kayser
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Biotechnologie, Kelchstrasse 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
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95
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Belliard AM, Baune B, Fakhfakh M, Hocquemiller R, Farinotti R. Determination of the human cytochrome P450s involved in the metabolism of 2n-propylquinoline. Xenobiotica 2003; 33:341-55. [PMID: 12745870 DOI: 10.1080/0049825031000065188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1 2n-Propylquinoline (2nPQ) is a newly developed drug for visceral antileishmaniasis and its activity has been previously evaluated in mice following oral administration. The study was carried out to investigate the kinetic formation of 2nPQ metabolites and to characterize the human liver CYP forms involved in its oxidative metabolism. 2. The inhibition of 2nPQ metabolite formation by specific substrates or inhibitors of CYP forms and correlation studies were performed in human liver microsomes. 2nPQ biotransformation was then studied in human lymphoblasts expressing specific CYPs and microsomal epoxide hydrolase. 3. Three major metabolites were produced by human liver microsomes and their structures were identified by ESI-LC/MS: dihydroxy-2n-propylquinoline, 3'-hydroxy-2n-propylquinoline and 1'-hydroxy-2n-propylquinoline. An intermediary metabolite, epoxy-2n-propylquinoline, formed by CYP was also biotransformed by microsomal epoxide hydrolase into dihydroxy-2n-propylquinoline. 4. 2nPQ oxidation follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In human liver microsomes, its metabolism was extremely inhibited by pilocarpine, coumarin and diethyldithiocarbamate. From a panel of 12 human liver microsome samples, the rate of 2nPQ oxidation was highly correlated with the activities of CYP2A6 and CYP2E1. Human lymphoblasts expressing specific CYPs showed the involvement of CYP2A6, CYP2E1 and CYP2C19. 5. The results indicate that 2nPQ metabolites are 3'- and 1'-hydroxylated by human liver microsomes and an epoxy-2n-propylquinoline is biotransformed into a dihydroxy-2n-propylquinoline by microsomal epoxide hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Belliard
- Service de Pharmacie Clinique et des Biomatériaux, Hôpital X. Bichat -- Cl. Bernard, 46 rue Henri Huchard, F-75018 Paris, France
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96
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Belliard AM, Leroy C, Banide H, Farinotti R, Lacour B. Decrease of intestinal P-glycoprotein activity by 2n-propylquinoline, a new oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis. Exp Parasitol 2003; 103:51-6. [PMID: 12810046 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4894(03)00070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Drugs currently available for visceral leishmaniasis treatment are potentially toxic, have to be administered by parenteral route and frequently give rise to drug resistance, due to the involvement of P-glycoproteins (P-gp) in Leishmania. The purpose of this study was to investigate a possible inhibitory effect of 2n-propylquinoline (2nPQ) on P-gp activity. 2nPQ is a new oral anti-leishmanial drug that has demonstrated its efficacy in BALB/c infected mice with Leishmania donovani [Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 37 (1993) 859]. Rat everted gut sacs and human intestinal Caco-2 cell lines were used to study the effect of 2nPQ on P-gp activity. Our results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of 2nPQ on the P-gp activity with two P-gp substrates (rhodamine 123 and digoxin), two P-gp inhibitors (cyclosporin A and verapamil), and in two different species. Alone or associated with other active drugs, 2nPQ would be very useful to control Leishmania Multi-Drug-Resistance and intestinal P-gp in humans with kala-azar.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Belliard
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique-Physiologie, UPRES 2706, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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97
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Abstract
Simple iron salts such as FeCl(n), Fe(acac)(n) (n = 2,3) or the salen complex 4 turned out to be highly efficient, cheap, toxicologically benign, and environmentally friendly precatalysts for a host of cross-coupling reactions of alkyl or aryl Grignard reagents, zincates, or organomanganese species with aryl and heteroaryl chlorides, triflates, and even tosylates. An "inorganic Grignard reagent" of the formal composition [Fe(MgX)(2)] prepared in situ likely constitutes the propagating species responsible for the catalytic turnover, which occurs in many cases at an unprecedented rate even at or below room temperature. Because of the exceptionally mild reaction conditions, a series of functional groups such as esters, ethers, nitriles, sulfonates, sulfonamides, thioethers, acetals, alkynes, and -CF(3) groups are compatible. The method also allows for consecutive cross-coupling processes in one pot, as exemplified by the efficient preparation of compound 12, and has been applied to the first synthesis of the cytotoxic marine natural product montipyridine 8. In contrast to the clean reaction of (hetero)aryl chlorides, the corresponding bromides and iodides are prone to a reduction of their C-X bonds in the presence of the iron catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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98
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99
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Fakhfakh MA, Franck X, Fournet A, Hocquemiller R, Figadère B. PREPARATION OF QUINOLINES SUBSTITUTED AT THE 2 OR 3 POSITION BY AN ALKENYL OR ALKYNYL CHAIN. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2002. [DOI: 10.1081/scc-120006472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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100
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de Carvalho PB, Ferreira EI. Leishmaniasis phytotherapy. Nature's leadership against an ancient disease. Fitoterapia 2001; 72:599-618. [PMID: 11543959 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(01)00301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of phytotherapy to treat human diseases has its roots in pre-historical times. Despite the modern advances achieved in the field of synthetic chemistry, the most efficient drugs available have their genesis directly or indirectly related with the vegetal kingdom. Indigenous communities have long used plant extracts to treat illnesses. Many of these extracts have shown effective action, with new bioactive compounds being extracted and screened every year. These extracts have also proven to be good sources of therapeutic agents to the treatment of Leishmaniasis. This work highlights some of these agents, while trying to emphasize the importance of plants as a source of new and powerful drugs against this widespread disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B de Carvalho
- Pharmacy Department, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580 Bloco 13, superior, CEP, 05805-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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