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Sloan L, Sen R, Hu C, Liu C, Doucet M, Blosser L, Thompson E, Katulis L, Kamson D, Grossman S, Holdhoff M, Redmond K, Quon H, Lim M, Eberhart C, Pardoll D, Ganguly S, Kleinberg L. Radiation Immunodynamics as the Foundation of Immune-Guided Radiotherapy: Changes in Peripheral CD14+PD-L1+ Myeloid Cells over the Course of Chemoradiation and Association with Survival for New Diagnosis of Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Taylor D, Meyer CT, Graves D, Sen R, Fu J, Tran E, Mirza B, Rodriguez G, Lang C, Feng H, Quaranta V, Wilson JT, Kim YJ, Korrer MJ. MuSyC dosing of adjuvanted cancer vaccines optimizes antitumor responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936129. [PMID: 36059502 PMCID: PMC9437625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the clinical approval of T-cell-dependent immune checkpoint inhibitors for many cancers, therapeutic cancer vaccines have re-emerged as a promising immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines require the addition of immunostimulatory adjuvants to increase vaccine immunogenicity, and increasingly multiple adjuvants are used in combination to bolster further and shape cellular immunity to tumor antigens. However, rigorous quantification of adjuvants' synergistic interactions is challenging due to partial redundancy in costimulatory molecules and cytokine production, leading to the common assumption that combining both adjuvants at the maximum tolerated dose results in optimal efficacy. Herein, we examine this maximum dose assumption and find combinations of these doses are suboptimal. Instead, we optimized dendritic cell activation by extending the Multidimensional Synergy of Combinations (MuSyC) framework that measures the synergy of efficacy and potency between two vaccine adjuvants. Initially, we performed a preliminary in vitro screening of clinically translatable adjuvant receptor targets (TLR, STING, NLL, and RIG-I). We determined that STING agonist (CDN) plus TLR4 agonist (MPL-A) or TLR7/8 agonist (R848) as the best pairwise combinations for dendritic cell activation. In addition, we found that the combination of R848 and CDN is synergistically efficacious and potent in activating both murine and human antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in vitro. These two selected adjuvants were then used to estimate a MuSyC-dose optimized for in vivo T-cell priming using ovalbumin-based peptide vaccines. Finally, using B16 melanoma and MOC1 head and neck cancer models, MuSyC-dose-based adjuvating of cancer vaccines improved the antitumor response, increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and induced novel myeloid tumor infiltration changes. Further, the MuSyC-dose-based adjuvants approach did not cause additional weight changes or increased plasma cytokine levels compared to CDN alone. Collectively, our findings offer a proof of principle that our MuSyC-extended approach can be used to optimize cancer vaccine formulations for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Taylor
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Christian T. Meyer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Diana Graves
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Emily Tran
- College Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bilal Mirza
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gabriel Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cara Lang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Hanwen Feng
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Young J. Kim
- Oncology Chair, Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Michael J. Korrer
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Choudhary R, Reddy SS, Nagi R, Nagaraju R, Kunjumon SP, Sen R. The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy on Oral-Premalignant Lesions: A Systematic Review. J Clin Exp Dent 2022; 14:e285-e292. [PMID: 35317296 PMCID: PMC8916595 DOI: 10.4317/jced.59348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Material and Methods Results Conclusions
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Maye J, Sen R, Sebastian B, Ward N, Athisayaraj T. EP.WE.453Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on colorectal rapid access investigations. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab308.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delays in diagnosis of cancer has been highlighted at a national level. Such a delay represents an ongoing source of mortality and morbidity missing from the COVID-19 statistics. This study examines the delay in investigation of patients referred to the urgent colorectal cancer referral service at a single centre.
Method
Retrospective data was collated from prospective database for all 1,894 referrals to the urgent colorectal cancer referral service for the period 21 January to 24 December 2020. The time to appointment (TTA) was compared by date of referral and outcome type (endoscopy, CT abdomen pelvis (CT-AP), CT colonography (CT-C), clinic appointment).
Results
Across 2020, fewer than 25% of patients met the NICE recommendation of appointment within 14 days (median TTA 30 days, first quartile 19). TTA increased dramatically in the first months of the pandemic (February median: 19; March: 80.5). TTA remained high, not falling below a median wait of 28 days until November. CT-C tests were particularly delayed (median TTA: 86) due to concerns regarding aerosol generation and COVID-19 transmission. Patients were offered CT-AP tests while awaiting their delayed CT-C, as CT-AP had a significantly better wait of 15 days.
Conclusion
COVID-19 was a major disruptor of colorectal cancer diagnosis in 2020, with patients waiting more than twice as long as NICE recommends. This will likely continue into 2021, with further research required to assess the impact of this disruption on mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maye
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Ln, Bury St Edmunds, Bury Saint Edmunds IP33 2QZ
| | - R Sen
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Ln, Bury St Edmunds, Bury Saint Edmunds IP33 2QZ
| | - B Sebastian
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Ln, Bury St Edmunds, Bury Saint Edmunds IP33 2QZ
| | - N Ward
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Ln, Bury St Edmunds, Bury Saint Edmunds IP33 2QZ
| | - T Athisayaraj
- West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Ln, Bury St Edmunds, Bury Saint Edmunds IP33 2QZ
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Artyushina A, Norton E, Pathan A, Sen R. 131 Perioperative Management of Warfarin on Surgical Wards at District General Hospital. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Many patients admitted to surgical wards are on warfarin. Poor knowledge of guidelines regarding reversal and restarting of anticoagulant medications can delay surgery, lead to poor outcomes and delay the discharge of patients. The aim of this audit was to establish whether junior doctors are confident in managing warfarin according to local guidelines and to improve their knowledge and confidence.
Method
A questionnaire was used to assess confidence of junior doctors currently working in general surgical departments. An educational poster was placed in the junior doctors’ office and the questionnaire was repeated. We then conducted a teaching session on the perioperative management of warfarin and repeated the questionnaire again.
Results
Confidence in reversing and restarting warfarin was significantly higher following the teaching session (p = 0.017 and p < 0.001 respectively). No significant difference was seen following the introduction of educational posters. Confidence in applying the guidelines on perioperative warfarin management was significantly higher following the teaching session (p < 0.001). Following the introduction of educational posters and the formal teaching session doctors felt they knew better how to access the guidelines (not statistically significant for either guideline) and referred to them more (p = 0.0178 for warfarin reversing and p = 0.0940 for warfarin restarting guideline).
Conclusions
Having doctors who are confident in managing warfarin is crucial to avoid delays in treatment and discharge. This audit showed that a teaching session indeed improved doctors’ knowledge and confidence. Regular formal teaching is essential, and a repeat audit is planned to be performed during the next rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Artyushina
- West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, United Kingdom
| | - E Norton
- West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, United Kingdom
| | - A Pathan
- West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, United Kingdom
| | - R Sen
- West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, United Kingdom
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Thakar M, Hu Y, Morreale M, Lerner L, Lin WY, Sen R, Cai Y, Karunasena E, Thakar M, Saggi S, Keer H, Ahuja N. Correction: A novel epigenetic modulating agent sensitizes pancreatic cells to a chemotherapy agent. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242974. [PMID: 33216806 PMCID: PMC7678985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Masud MM, Baquy MAA, Akhter S, Sen R, Barman A, Khatun MR. Liming effects of poultry litter derived biochar on soil acidity amelioration and maize growth. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 202:110865. [PMID: 32570103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop production in acid soils is facing enormous challenges due to low soil quality associated with an increase in the acidification rate and aluminum toxicity. Despite comprehensive prior work with biochar application on nutrient availability and crop productivity in acid soils, little information is available about the recommendation or standardization of biochar application rates that are more suitable for soil fertility improvement under different soil environments (physico-chemical properties) for maximizing the benefits of biochar applications and minimizing the potential environmental risk. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of poultry litter (PL) and poultry litter biochar (PLB) in ameliorating the fertility of acid soils through incubation and pot experiments. The soil was amended with different materials as follows; lime (1 g kg-1), PL (5, 10 and 15 g kg-1) and PLB (5, 10 and 15 g kg-1) along with control (non-amended). A pot experiment was also conducted using similar treatments to observe the responses of maize crop to the different amendments. The results indicated an increase in the pH and a decrease in exchangeable acidity in lime, PL and PLB amended soils. Lower soil pH, base cations and soil available phosphorus (P), and higher exchangeable acidity were found in control than the amended soils. Compared to PL and lime, PLB achieved greater increase rate in soil pH and reduction rate in soil exchangeable acidity with increased soil exchangeable base cations. An increase in soil available calcium (Ca) was observed in the lime treatment, while in PL and PLB treatments, there was an increase in soil available Ca, magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and P. Application of the amendments increased availability of nitrogen (N), P, K, Ca and Mg relative to the control for maize in the pot experiment. When PL and PLB amendments were compared, it was found that the PLB was the best choice for the amelioration of acid soils as well as nutrient uptake by maize plants. It is suggested that application of PLB at the rate of 15 g kg-1 is suitable for maize growth in acid soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Masud
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - M Abdulaha-Al Baquy
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh.
| | - S Akhter
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - R Sen
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - A Barman
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - M R Khatun
- Soil Science Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
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Gaillard S, Berg M, Harrison J, Huang P, Leatherman JM, Doucet M, Sen R, Suru A, Cai H, Durham JN, Jelovac D, Cimino-Mathews A, Ganguly S, Emens LA. A clinical study of tremelimumab alone or in combination with olaparib in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
6045 Background: Single agent immunotherapy (IO) has shown only modest clinical activity for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The combination of anti-programmed death-1 and PARP inhibitors showed promising activity in early trials. Here, we report the results of an open-label, parallel arm, dose escalation study of tremelimumab (T) alone or in combination with olaparib (O) in patients (pts) with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: Pts with recurrent/persistent EOC who had progression < 12 months from last platinum exposure were enrolled. Prior therapy with IO (except anti-CTLA-4) or PARP inhibitor was allowed. Pts were randomized to either T 10mg/kg every 4 weeks (wks) x 7 then every 12 wks (Arm A) or T with O twice daily at three planned dose levels (Arm B). The primary objectives were safety, pharmacodynamic (PD) change in CD4+ICOShi peripheral T cells by flow cytometry, and identification of the optimal dose combination of T with O. Secondary objectives included 6-month progression-free survival (PFS6) and objective response rate (ORR). Results: A total of 24 pts were treated, 12 on Arm A, and 12 on two Arm B dose levels. Pts had a median age of 60 years (range 44-81). Histologic subtypes included high-grade serous EOC (20 pts, 83%), clear cell (3 pts, 13%), and moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma (1 pt, 4%). BRCA1 mutation (mt) was present in 2 cases, BRCA2 mt in 1. Median number of prior regimens was 3.5 (range 1-9). Most adverse events (AEs) were attributable to T, the most common grade 3 toxicities were rash (13%), immune-mediated hepatitis (8%), and colitis (8%). No grade ≥4 toxicities were identified. Immune-mediated AEs also included acute kidney injury, hypophysitis, and hypothyroidism. No dose limiting toxicities were identified on Arm B. Two pts in Arm B had >PFS6. Of 20 pts evaluable for response, there was 1 partial response (Arm B), and 9 pts had stable disease (6 on Arm A, 3 on Arm B). Mean percentage of CD4+ICOShi T cells was significantly increased on Days 15 and 22 compared to Day 1 at both T dose levels (Table).T at 3 mg/kg with O at 150mg is the optimal dose of those tested. Conclusions: T and T with O was tolerable, with modest clinical activity in this pt population. AEs were as expected, and peripheral CD4+ICOShi T cells increased on therapy. Clinical trial information: 02485990. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Huang
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Rupashree Sen
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aditya Suru
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hongyan Cai
- Johns Hopkins School of Medcn, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer N. Durham
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Sudipto Ganguly
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center and Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leisha A. Emens
- Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Baltimore, MD
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Sloan L, Sen R, Doucet M, Blosser L, Shpitser I, Sherman E, San N, Cheng Z, Katulis L, Wemmer J, Kamson D, Jackson C, Hu C, McNutt T, Grossman S, Holdhoff M, Lim M, Redmond KJ, Eberhart C, Quon H, Pardoll D, Ganguly S, Kleinberg L. RTHP-43 (LTBK-02). MULTI-TIME POINT EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELL AND LYMPHOCYTE POPULATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMA RECEIVING ADJUVANT THERAPY. Neuro Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz219.1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Alterations in peripheral blood cell populations, including myeloid cell subsets and lymphocytes, have been associated with poor prognostic outcomes in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). To date, evaluation of these populations has largely been on freeze-thawed samples at a limited number of time points. The purpose of our study is to identify the frequency and activation status of tumor-supportive myeloid and lymphocyte subsets during the course of standard adjuvant therapy in patients with GBM in fresh peripheral blood samples. We hypothesize that dysfunctional myeloid and lymphocyte populations expand during standard care temozolomide (TMZ)/radiation therapy (RT). We prospectively enrolled 16 patients with a new diagnosis of GBM that underwent maximal safe surgical resection. Twelve received standard adjuvant therapy consisting of six weeks of TMZ/RT. Four received alternative therapies: one experimental chemotherapeutic/three alternative radiation schemes. Peripheral blood was obtained seven times over the course of adjuvant therapy: prior to starting adjuvant therapy, five during treatment, and once one month after completion of therapy. Eleven patients completed all seven time points. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, focusing on immune checkpoints and critical markers of activation of systemic immunity. Available preliminary data demonstrate a median increase of 2.1% (-21.2–27.4%) in the frequency (%fx) of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) after commencement of adjuvant therapy at time point 2 (TP2), compared to baseline. To date, 7/16 patients are alive and without evidence of recurrent disease on imaging. The majority of these patients had a decrease in %fx of MDSC at TP2, after starting adjuvant therapy, compared to baseline. The %fx of CD8+ T cells was greatest at TP7 (range: 21.7%-67.0%), one month after TMZ/RT, for most patients. PD-1 and FOXP3 expression by lymphocytes was variable across time points, suggesting the importance of additional factors which will be explored through future analyses. These early findings suggest that the immune response changes throughout the course of TMZ/RT. An understanding of these changes in the peripheral blood, termed immunodynamics in the context of our studies, may be valuable future tool to aid in optimizing immunity in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Sloan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupashree Sen
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michele Doucet
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee Blosser
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ilya Shpitser
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eli Sherman
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Numair San
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhi Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Katulis
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jan Wemmer
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Kamson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christina Jackson
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd McNutt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stuart Grossman
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Eberhart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry Quon
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew Pardoll
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence Kleinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sloan L, Sen R, Doucet M, Blosser L, Shpitser I, Cheng Z, Katulis L, Wemmer J, Jackson C, Hu C, McNutt T, Grossman S, Holdhoff M, Lim M, Redmond K, Eberhart C, Quon H, Pardoll D, Ganguly S, Kleinberg L. The Immunodynamics of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell and Monocyte Populations in the Peripheral Blood in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Undergoing Adjuvant Temozolomide and Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Murter B, Pan X, Ophir E, Alteber Z, Azulay M, Sen R, Levy O, Dassa L, Vaknin I, Fridman-Kfir T, Salomon R, Ravet A, Tam A, Levin D, Vaknin Y, Tatirovsky E, Machlenkin A, Pardoll D, Ganguly S. Mouse PVRIG Has CD8 + T Cell-Specific Coinhibitory Functions and Dampens Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:244-256. [PMID: 30659055 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A limitation to antitumor immunity is the dysfunction of T cells in the tumor microenvironment, in part due to upregulation of coinhibitory receptors such as PD-1. Here, we describe that poliovirus receptor-related immunoglobulin domain protein (PVRIG) acts as a coinhibitory receptor in mice. Murine PVRIG interacted weakly with poliovirus receptor (PVR) but bound poliovirus receptor-like 2 (PVRL2) strongly, making the latter its principal ligand. As in humans, murine NK and NKT cells constitutively expressed PVRIG. However, when compared with humans, less PVRIG transcript and surface protein was detected in murine CD8+ T cells ex vivo However, activated CD8+ T cells upregulated PVRIG expression. In the mouse tumor microenvironment, infiltrating CD8+ T cells expressed PVRIG whereas its ligand, PVRL2, was detected predominantly on myeloid cells and tumor cells, mirroring the expression pattern in human tumors. PVRIG-deficient mouse CD8+ T cells mounted a stronger antigen-specific effector response compared with wild-type CD8+ T cells during acute Listeria monocytogenes infection. Furthermore, enhanced CD8+ T-cell effector function inhibited tumor growth in PVRIG-/- mice compared with wild-type mice and PD-L1 blockade conferred a synergistic antitumor response in PVRIG-/- mice. Therapeutic intervention with antagonistic anti-PVRIG in combination with anti-PD-L1 reduced tumor growth. Taken together, our results suggest PVRIG is an inducible checkpoint receptor and that targeting PVRIG-PVRL2 interactions results in increased CD8+ T-cell function and reduced tumor growth.See related article on p. 257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Murter
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Rupashree Sen
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ada Tam
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Drew Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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De Carvalho Fischer C, Hu Y, Morreale M, Lin WY, Wali A, Thakar M, Karunasena E, Sen R, Cai Y, Murphy L, Zahnow CA, Keer H, Thakar M, Ahuja N. Treatment with epigenetic agents profoundly inhibits tumor growth in leiomyosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19379-19395. [PMID: 29721210 PMCID: PMC5922404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcomas are rare mesenchymal neoplasms characterized by a smooth muscle differentiation pattern. Due to the extremely poor prognosis in patients, the development of novel chemotherapeutic regimens remains critically important. In this study, multiple leiomyosarcoma cell lines, SK-UT1, SK-LMS1, and MES-SA were treated with varying doses of the DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors (DNMTi) 5-azacitidine (Aza), 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (DAC), and guadecitabine (SGI-110). The effect of these epigenetic modulators was measured using both in-vitro and in-vivo models. Of the three epigenetic modulators, Guadecitabine was the most effective at decreasing cell survival in LMS cell lines. SK-UT1 was found to be the more sensitive to all three epigenetic modulators, while SK-LMS1 and MES-SA were more resistant. The contrast in sensitivity seen was also represented by the increase in apoptosis in Aza and guadecitabine. In parallel with Aza, guadecitabine was observed to also arrest the cell cycle. Treatment with guadecitabine led to a decrease in growth across the spectrum of sensitivity in LMS cell lines, both in a delayed in vitro and in vivo model; in parallel experiments, apoptotic pathways were activated in sensitive and less sensitive lines. Additional studies are required to explore potential therapeutic applications and mechanisms for leiomyosarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia De Carvalho Fischer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Institut für Allgemein, Viszeral und Transplantationschirurgie, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Michael Morreale
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Wan Ying Lin
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akhil Wali
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maya Thakar
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Enusha Karunasena
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yi Cai
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lauren Murphy
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cynthia A Zahnow
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Harold Keer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pleasanton, CA, United States
| | - Manjusha Thakar
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Wilson DR, Sen R, Sunshine JC, Pardoll DM, Green JJ, Kim YJ. Biodegradable STING agonist nanoparticles for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Nanomedicine 2017; 14:237-246. [PMID: 29127039 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines require adjuvants leading to robust type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine responses in the tumor microenvironment to induce an anti-tumor response. Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), a potent Stimulator of Interferon Receptor (STING) agonist, are currently in phase I trials. However, their efficacy may be limited to micromolar concentrations due to the cytosolic residence of STING in the ER membrane. Here we utilized biodegradable, poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE) nanoparticles to deliver CDNs to the cytosol leading to robust immune response at >100-fold lower extracellular CDN concentrations in vitro. The leading CDN PBAE nanoparticle formulation induced a log-fold improvement in potency in treating established B16 melanoma tumors in vivo when combined with PD-1 blocking antibody in comparison to free CDN without nanoparticles. This nanoparticle-mediated cytosolic delivery method for STING agonists synergizes with checkpoint inhibitors and has strong potential for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Wilson
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel C Sunshine
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J Green
- Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Young J Kim
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Otolaryngology / Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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15
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Fu J, Sen R, Masica DL, Karchin R, Pardoll D, Kim Y. Abstract 3843: Autologous resconstitution of human cancer and immune system in vivo. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Correlative studies from checkpoint inhibitor trials have indcated that better understanding of human leukocytic trafficking into the human tumor microenvironment can expedite the translation of future immune-oncologic agents. In order to directly characterize signaling pathways that can regulate human leukocytic trafficking into the tumor, we have developed a completely autologous xenotransplanation method to reconstitute the human tumor immune microenvironment in vivo. When we analyzed the TCGA database of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC), we found that STAT3 signaling was associated with worse prognostic mesenchymal subtye. We silenced STAT3 signaling in the tumor compartment in these autologously reconstituted humanized mice, and we noted increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and slower tumor growth rate. We also used this novel agents that can alter endogenous leukocytic infiltration into the tumor. Taken together, we present a valuable method to study individialized human tumor microenvironments in vivo without confound allgeneic responses.
Citation Format: Juan Fu, Rupashree Sen, David L Masica, Rachel Karchin, Drew Pardoll, Young Kim. Autologous resconstitution of human cancer and immune system in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3843. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3843
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fu
- 1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Young Kim
- 2Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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16
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Sen R, Sen C, Pack J, Block KT, Golfinos JG, Prabhu V, Boada F, Gonen O, Kondziolka D, Fatterpekar G. Role of High-Resolution Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI with Golden-Angle Radial Sparse Parallel Reconstruction to Identify the Normal Pituitary Gland in Patients with Macroadenomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1117-1121. [PMID: 28495945 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Preoperative localization of the pituitary gland with imaging in patients with macroadenomas has been inadequately explored. The pituitary gland enhancing more avidly than a macroadenoma has been described in the literature. Taking advantage of this differential enhancement pattern, our aim was to evaluate the role of high-resolution dynamic MR imaging with golden-angle radial sparse parallel reconstruction in localizing the pituitary gland in patients undergoing trans-sphenoidal resection of a macroadenoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed in 17 patients who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary macroadenoma. Radial volumetric interpolated brain examination sequences with golden-angle radial sparse parallel technique were obtained. Using an ROI-based method to obtain signal-time curves and permeability measures, 3 separate readers identified the normal pituitary gland distinct from the macroadenoma. The readers' localizations were then compared with the intraoperative location of the gland. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the interobserver agreement and correlation with operative findings. RESULTS The normal pituitary gland was found to have steeper enhancement-time curves as well as higher peak enhancement values compared with the macroadenoma (P < .001). Interobserver agreement was almost perfect in all 3 planes (κ = 0.89). In the 14 cases in which the gland was clearly identified intraoperatively, the correlation between the readers' localization and the true location derived from surgery was also nearly perfect (κ = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms our ability to consistently and accurately identify the normal pituitary gland in patients with macroadenomas with the golden-angle radial sparse parallel technique with quantitative permeability measurements and enhancement-time curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sen
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - C Sen
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - J Pack
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - K T Block
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - J G Golfinos
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - V Prabhu
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - F Boada
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - O Gonen
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - D Kondziolka
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - G Fatterpekar
- From the New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
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17
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Gadkaree SK, Fu J, Sen R, Korrer MJ, Allen C, Kim YJ. Induction of tumor regression by intratumoral STING agonists combined with anti-programmed death-L1 blocking antibody in a preclinical squamous cell carcinoma model. Head Neck 2017; 39:1086-1094. [PMID: 28323387 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are bacterial intracellular messengers that have demonstrated antitumor activity in melanoma and breast tumors, although their role in immunotherapy of head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) has not been well investigated. METHODS We measured primary tumor growth rates, mechanism of antitumor activity, and efficacy of programmed death-L1 blockade combinatorial therapy in SCCFVII tumor-bearing C3H/HeOUJ mice undergoing intratumoral injections with RR-cyclic-di-guanine (synthetic CDG), CDG (natural cyclic-di-guanine), R848 (TLR 7/8 agonist), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, control). RESULTS Intratumoral CDN treatment groups showed decreased tumor size and enhanced splenocyte Th1 response when compared to the PBS treatment control group (p < .05). The RR-CDG tumor microenvironment showed upregulated interferon (IFN)-γ+CD8+ and programmed death-L1. Combining programmed death-L1 blocking antibody with RR-CDG induced regression of established tumors. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the antitumor effects of CDNs in a HNSCC cell line. These preclinical data strongly support the future clinical development of intratumoral CDN in patients with HNSCC. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1086-1094, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar K Gadkaree
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael J Korrer
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Clint Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Young J Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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18
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Fu J, Sen R, Masica DL, Karchin R, Pardoll D, Walter V, Hayes DN, Chung CH, Kim YJ. Autologous reconstitution of human cancer and immune system in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:2053-2068. [PMID: 28008146 PMCID: PMC5356779 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlative studies from checkpoint inhibitor trials have indicated that better understanding of human leukocytic trafficking into the human tumor microenvironment can expedite the translation of future immune-oncologic agents. In order to directly characterize signaling pathways that can regulate human leukocytic trafficking into the tumor, we have developed a completely autologous xenotransplantation method to reconstitute the human tumor immune microenvironment in vivo. We were able to genetically mark the engrafted CD34+ bone marrow cells as well as the tumor cells, and follow the endogenous leukocytic infiltration into the autologous tumor. To investigate human tumor intrinsic factors that can potentially regulate the immune cells in our system, we silenced STAT3 signaling in the tumor compartment. As expected, STAT3 signaling suppression in the tumor compartment in these autologously reconstituted humanized mice showed increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and reduction of arginase-1 in the stroma, which were associated with slower tumor growth rate. We also used this novel system to characterize human myeloid suppressor cells as well as to screen novel agents that can alter endogenous leukocytic infiltration into the tumor. Taken together, we present a valuable method to study individualized human tumor microenvironments in vivo without confounding allogeneic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David L. Masica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Institute for Computational Medicine, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Institute for Computational Medicine, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew Pardoll
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christine H. Chung
- Department of Head & Neck - Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Young J. Kim
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, SKCCC, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, VICC, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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19
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Katz L, Liechty B, Sen R, Fatterpekar G, Silverman J, Golfinos J, Sen C, Zagzag D, Snuderl M. Global Loss of Histone H3K27 Trimethylation in Atypical and Anaplastic Meningiomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Katz L, Sen R, Fatterpekar G, Silverman J, Liechty B, Snuderl M, Golfinos J, Pacione D, Sen C. Evaluation of Radiological Meningioma Margin is Superior to CSF Cleft in Predicting Surgical Ease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Katz L, Sen R, Fatterpekar G, Liechty B, Silverman J, Snuderl M, Sen C. Statistical Concordance Rates of Imaging Features in Meningioma With Intraoperative Findings and Pathological Grade. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Fox-Lewis A, Coltart G, Rice S, Sen R, Gourtsoyannis Y, Hyare H, Gupta RK. Extensive subclinical sinusitis leading to Moraxella osloensis meningitis. IDCases 2016; 6:39-42. [PMID: 27695673 PMCID: PMC5043396 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 31 year old male with extensive subclinical sinusitis leading to erosion in the cribriform plate and subsequent meningitis caused by the organism Moraxella osloensis. The patient presented to the emergency department with rapid onset confusion, neck stiffness and headache. Inflammatory markers, renal and liver function, and a chest radiograph were all normal. CT Head showed extensive polyp disease in the paranasal sinuses with expansion of the left frontal sinus and CT Sinuses revealed an area of low attenuation in the cribriform plate consistent with bony erosion. MRI Head showed thick loculated sinus inflammation. Lumbar puncture yielded CSF with a high white cell count of predominantly mononuclear cells, no visible organisms and an elevated protein. CSF microscopy, culture and viral PCR were not diagnostic, and so the CSF was sent for 16S rDNA PCR screening, which identified the rDNA of Moraxella osloensis. Moraxella osloensis is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis, with only a few reported cases. This case illustrates that sinusitis, while a common condition, when severe can predispose to intracranial infection with atypical and low virulence organisms such as Moraxella species, which do not commonly cause invasive CNS disease. This case represents the first case of Moraxella osloensis meningitis reported from the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fox-Lewis
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Coltart
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Rice
- Radiology Department, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Sen
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Y Gourtsoyannis
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Hyare
- Radiology Department, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R K Gupta
- Division of Infection, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Infection, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Sen R, Nayak L, De RK. A review on host-pathogen interactions: classification and prediction. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1581-99. [PMID: 27470504 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The research on host-pathogen interactions is an ever-emerging and evolving field. Every other day a new pathogen gets discovered, along with comes the challenge of its prevention and cure. As the intelligent human always vies for prevention, which is better than cure, understanding the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions gets prior importance. There are many mechanisms involved from the pathogen as well as the host sides while an interaction happens. It is a vis-a-vis fight of the counter genes and proteins from both sides. Who wins depends on whether a host gets an infection or not. Moreover, a higher level of complexity arises when the pathogens evolve and become resistant to a host's defense mechanisms. Such pathogens pose serious challenges for treatment. The entire human population is in danger of such long-lasting persistent infections. Some of these infections even increase the rate of mortality. Hence there is an immediate emergency to understand how the pathogens interact with their host for successful invasion. It may lead to discovery of appropriate preventive measures, and the development of rational therapeutic measures and medication against such infections and diseases. This review, a state-of-the-art updated scenario of host-pathogen interaction research, has been done by keeping in mind this urgency. It covers the biological and computational aspects of host-pathogen interactions, classification of the methods by which the pathogens interact with their hosts, different machine learning techniques for prediction of host-pathogen interactions, and future scopes of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sen
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - L Nayak
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - R K De
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203, Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata, 700108, India.
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24
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Subash Sundar T, Sen R, Johari P. Rationally designed donor-acceptor scheme based molecules for applications in opto-electronic devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:9133-47. [PMID: 26972386 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several donor (D)-acceptor (A) based molecules are rationally designed by adopting three different schemes in which the conjugation length, strength of the donor and acceptor moieties, and planarity of the molecules are varied. These variations are made by introducing a π-conjugated linkage unit, terminating the ends of the moieties by different electron donating and accepting functional groups, and fusing the donor and acceptor moieties, respectively. Our DFT and TDDFT based calculations reveal that using the above-mentioned design schemes, the electronic and optical properties of the D-A based molecules can be largely tuned. While introduction of a linkage and fusing of moieties enhance the π-π interaction, addition of electron donating groups (-CH3, -OH, and -NH2) and electron accepting groups (-CF3, -CN, -NO2, and -NH3(+)) varies the strength of the donor and acceptor moieties. These factors lead to modulation of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and facilitate the engineering of the HOMO-LUMO gap and the optical gap over a wide range of ∼0.7-3.7 eV. Moreover, on the basis of calculated ionization potential and reorganization energy, most of the investigated molecules are predicted to be air stable and to exhibit high electron mobility, with the possibility of the presence of ambipolar characteristics in a few of them. The results of our calculations not only demonstrate the examined molecules to be the potential materials for organic opto-electronic devices, but also establish an understanding of the composition-structure-property correlation, which will provide guidelines for designing and synthesizing new materials of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Subash Sundar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, NH91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, U. P.-201314, India
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25
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Chhabra S, Sen R, Parmar P, Gupta P, Sharma A, Yadav H. Primary malignant melanoma of aryepiglottic fold. Ghana Med J 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v49i4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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26
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Vázquez MA, Sen R, Soto M. Physico-chemical and biological characteristics of compost from decentralised composting programmes. Bioresour Technol 2015; 198:520-532. [PMID: 26432056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Composts that originated from small-scale composting programmes including home, community and canteen waste composters were studied. Heavy metals concentration indicated compliance with current regulations for conventional and organic agriculture. Compost from canteen waste showed high organic matter content (74% VS), while community (44 ± 20% VS) and home composts (31 ± 16% VS) had moderate levels. N content increased from home compost (1.3 ± 0.9% dm) to community (2.0 ± 0.9%) and canteen compost (2.5-3.0%) while P content ranged from 0.4% to 0.6% dm. C/N, absorbance E4/E6 and N-NH4(+)/N-NO3(-) ratios as well as respiration index indicated well-stabilized final products. Culturable bacterial and fungal cfu linkage to composting dynamics were identified and higher diversity of invertebrates was found in the smaller scale static systems. With similar process evolution indicators to industrial systems, overall results support the sustainability of these small-scale, self-managed composting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Vázquez
- Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Galiza, Spain; Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - R Sen
- Division of Biology and Conservation Ecology, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - M Soto
- Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering I, University of A Coruña, Galiza, Spain.
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Bharti R, Dey G, Ojha PK, Rajput S, Jaganathan SK, Sen R, Mandal M. Diacerein-mediated inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R signaling induces apoptotic effects on breast cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3965-75. [PMID: 26616855 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling network has been implicated in oncogenic transformations making it attractive target for the discovery of novel cancer therapeutics. In this study, potent antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of diacerein were observed against breast cancer. In vitro apoptosis was induced by this drug in breast cancer cells as verified by increased sub-G1 population, LIVE/DEAD assay, cell cytotoxicity and presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, as well as downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and upregulation of apoptotic protein Bax. In addition, apoptosis induction was found to be caspase dependent. Further molecular investigations indicated that diacerein instigated apoptosis was associated with inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R autocrine signaling axis. Suppression of STAT3, MAPK and Akt pathways were also observed as a consequence of diacerein-mediated upstream inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R. Fluorescence study and western blot analysis revealed cytosolic accumulation of STAT3 in diacerein-treated cells. The docking study showed diacerein/IL-6R interaction that was further validated by competitive binding assay and isothermal titration calorimetry. Most interestingly, it was found that diacerein considerably suppressed tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. The in vivo antitumor effect was correlated with decreased proliferation (Ki-67), increased apoptosis (TUNEL) and inhibition of IL-6/IL-6R-mediated STAT3, MAPK and Akt pathway in tumor remnants. Taken together, diacerein offered a novel blueprint for cancer therapy by hampering IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3/MAPK/Akt network.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bharti
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - G Dey
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - P K Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - S Rajput
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - S K Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi, Malaysia
| | - R Sen
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - M Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Tripathy S, Padhi SK, Sen R, Mohanty S, Samanta M, Maiti NK. Profiling of Brevibacillus borstelensis transcriptome exposed to high temperature shock. Genomics 2015; 107:33-9. [PMID: 26585522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of the bacteria to survive at high temperature, gene expression profile of Brevibacillusborstelensis at 55°C during 5 and 10min heat shock period was carried out by high-throughput sequencing technology. A total of 2555 non-redundant transcripts were annotated. A total of 575 genes at 5min and 400 genes at 10min exhibited significant differential expression in response to temperature upshift from 50 to 55°C. Genes up-regulated under heat shock were associated with metabolism (mtnE), membrane transport, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation (ycxD, codY) and folding and sorting (hsp90). A larger number of genes encoding hypothetical proteins were identified. RT-PCR experimental results carried out on genes expressed under heat shock were found to be consistent with transcriptome data. The results enhance our understanding of adaptation strategy of thermophilic bacteria thereby providing a strong background for in depth research in thermophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tripathy
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
| | - S K Padhi
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
| | - R Sen
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
| | - S Mohanty
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
| | - M Samanta
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India
| | - N K Maiti
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Orissa, India.
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Sen R, Alsawaf O, Peach C. A closed loop audit on the documentation of operation notes. Int J Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.07.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kumar D, Das B, Sen R, Kundu P, Manna A, Sarkar A, Chowdhury C, Chatterjee M, Das P. Andrographolide Analogue Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy Mediated Cell Death in U937 Cells by Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139657. [PMID: 26436418 PMCID: PMC4593644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current chemotherapeutic agents based on apoptosis induction are lacking in desired efficacy. Therefore, there is continuous effort to bring about new dimension in control and gradual eradication of cancer by means of ever evolving therapeutic strategies. Various forms of PCD are being increasingly implicated in anti-cancer therapy and the complex interplay among them is vital for the ultimate fate of proliferating cells. We elaborated and illustrated the underlying mechanism of the most potent Andrographolide analogue (AG–4) mediated action that involved the induction of dual modes of cell death—apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemic U937 cells. Principal Findings AG–4 induced cytotoxicity was associated with redox imbalance and apoptosis which involved mitochondrial depolarisation, altered apoptotic protein expressions, activation of the caspase cascade leading to cell cycle arrest. Incubation with caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk or Bax siRNA decreased cytotoxic efficacy of AG–4 emphasising critical roles of caspase and Bax. In addition, AG–4 induced autophagy as evident from LC3-II accumulation, increased Atg protein expressions and autophagosome formation. Pre-treatment with 3-MA or Atg 5 siRNA suppressed the cytotoxic effect of AG–4 implying the pro-death role of autophagy. Furthermore, incubation with Z-VAD-fmk or Bax siRNA subdued AG–4 induced autophagy and pre-treatment with 3-MA or Atg 5 siRNA curbed AG–4 induced apoptosis—implying that apoptosis and autophagy acted as partners in the context of AG–4 mediated action. AG–4 also inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Inhibition of mTOR or Akt augmented AG–4 induced apoptosis and autophagy signifying its crucial role in its mechanism of action. Conclusions Thus, these findings prove the dual ability of AG–4 to induce apoptosis and autophagy which provide a new perspective to it as a potential molecule targeting PCD for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Bimolendu Das
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
| | - Priyanka Kundu
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Alak Manna
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
| | - Avijit Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
| | - Chinmay Chowdhury
- Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244B, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata 700 020, India
| | - Padma Das
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
- * E-mail:
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Gupta V, Singh S, Malik S, Sansanwal P, Sen R, Kaur K. Heterotropic pancreas in appendix: A rare case report. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2015.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sen R, Tripathy S, Padhi SK, Mohanty S, Maiti NK. Assessment of genetic diversity of Bacillus spp. isolated from eutrophic fish culture pond. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:393-400. [PMID: 28324539 PMCID: PMC4522712 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Bacillus comprises of a diverse group with a wide range of nutritional requirements and physiological and metabolic diversity. Their role in nutrient cycle is well documented. 16S rDNA sequences do not always allow the species to be discriminated. In this study 40 Bacillus spp. obtained from fish culture pond and 10 culture type strains were analysed for their genomic diversity by PCR-RFLP of intergenic spacer region of 16S-23S and HSP60 genes. TaqI digestion of PCR products amplified by ITS PCR did not render distinctive RFLP patterns. Numerical analysis of ITS PCR-RFLP pattern differentiated the isolates into 11 clusters. Same species were found to be grouped in different clusters. But PstI digested PCR products amplified from HSP60 gene of the isolates showed distinctive RFLP patterns. The dendrogram constructed from HSP60 PCR-RFLP delineated the isolates into 11 clusters also. All the clusters, except cluster I grouped only one type of species. The results showed that Bacillus spp. could be clearly distinguished by PCR-RFLP of HSP60 gene. Therefore, the HSP60 gene is proposed as an additional molecular marker for discrimination of Bacillus group.
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Tasdemir D, Tierney M, Sen R, Bergonzi MC, Demirci B, Bilia AR, Baser KHC, Brun R, Chatterjee M. Antiprotozoal Effect of Artemisia indica Extracts and Essential Oil. Planta Med 2015; 81:1029-1037. [PMID: 26085047 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1546125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse solvent extracts of Artemisia indica leaves originating from the West Bengal region (India) were assessed for the content of artemisinin and characteristic Artemisia polymethoxyflavonoids, namely eupatin (1), casticin (2), chrysoplenetin (3), cirsilineol (4), chrysophenol-D (5), and artemetin (6). HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS were used to investigate the extracts macerated by solvents of increasing polarity, i.e., petroleum ether, n-hexane, dichloromethane, acetone, MeOH, or EtOH (either 96, 80, or 60 % v/v), and hot water. Artemisinin was absent in all extracts. The acetone and EtOH extracts comprised the highest levels of polymethoxyflavonoids, whereas no flavonoid could be detected in the infusion. None of the remaining extracts contained chryosphenol-D (5) or artemetin (6), while chrysoplenetin (3) was found in all extracts. The essential oil of the plant was also obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry simultaneously. Of the 92 compounds detected in the oil, camphor (13.0 %) and caryophyllene oxide (10.87 %) were the major components. All solvent extracts and the volatile oil showed in vitro antimalarial activity, plus a potential malaria prophylactic effect by inhibiting at least two recombinant plasmodial fatty acid biosynthesis (PfFAS-II) enzymes. Except for the infusion, all extracts were also active against other parasitic protozoa and displayed low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. This is the first detailed study investigating both artemisinin and polymethoxyflavonoid content as well as in vitro malaria prophylactic and detailed antiprotozoal potential of A. indica extracts against a panel of protozoan parasites. This is also the first report of antiparasitic activity of the essential oil of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Tasdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Tierney
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rupashree Sen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, Building of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Betül Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, Building of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Kemal Hüsnü Can Baser
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Reto Brun
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mitali Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Yadav R, Singh S, Marwah N, Kataria K, Aggarwal G, Sen R. Immunohistochemical detection of axillary lymph node micrometastases in breast cancer patients: Increasing the accuracy of detection and decreasing labor intensive serial sectioning. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:267-271. [PMID: 25494120 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.146774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: The histological detection of axillary lymph node tumor metastases in cases of breast carcinoma is of major prognostic significance, but may be difficult when metastases are of microscopic size. The micrometastases can be detected either by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or serial sectioning. Aims: We investigated whether immunohistochemical techniques and serial sectioning can increase the accuracy of metastatic detection and compared the efficacy of both. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of breast carcinoma were studied in all of whom the axillary lymph nodes had been reported as free of metastases. Blocks from these cases were serially sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and a single section was stained with monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin AE1/AE3 and epithelial membrane antigen. The positivity for micrometastases was correlated with size, number, grade and histological type of primary tumor, lymph node size and number. Results and Conclusion: In 5/30 previously unsuspected cases, micrometastases were revealed by IHC and in 1/30 by serial sectioning. These findings suggested that serial sectioning is a labor intensive, time consuming and impractical procedure. Micrometastases were more frequently detected with age of patient >50 years, Grade 2/3 tumor, tumor size >5 cm and more than one primary tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis can be recommended as a routine procedure or an adjunct to routine histological procedures for the correct staging of breast carcinoma and use of adjuvant chemotherapy, especially in the high risk group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yadav
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Phillips GA, Mathias A, Coon CD, Agarwal SS, Sen R, Shah R, Ziemssen T. Psychometric Analyses to Inform Item Reduction and Evaluate Sensitivity of the Early Mobility Impairment Questionnaire for Multiple Sclerosis. Value Health 2014; 17:A403. [PMID: 27200970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R Sen
- Adelphi Values, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Shah
- University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - T Ziemssen
- University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
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Mathur SK, Jain P, Batra A, Sen R. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of conjunctiva: A rare entity. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:469. [PMID: 26842165 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Batra
- Department of Pathology, Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Ashe S, Maji UJ, Sen R, Mohanty S, Maiti NK. Specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of endoglucanase positive Bacillus subtilis by PCR. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:461-465. [PMID: 28324377 PMCID: PMC4162904 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for discrimination of Bacillus subtilis from other members of B. subtilis group as well as rapid identification from environmental samples. Primers ENIF and EN1R from endoglucanase gene were used to amplify a1311 bp DNA fragment. The specificity of the primers was tested with seven reference strains and 28 locally isolated strains of endoglucanase positive Bacillus species. The PCR product was only produced from B. subtilis. The results demonstrated high specificity of two oligonucleotides for B. subtilis. This species-specific PCR method provides a quick, simple, powerful and reliable alternative to conventional methods in the detection and identification of B. subtilis. To our knowledge this is the first report of a B. subtilis specific primer set.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashe
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Orissa, India
| | - U J Maji
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Orissa, India
| | - R Sen
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Orissa, India
| | - S Mohanty
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Orissa, India
| | - N K Maiti
- Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kaushalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Orissa, India.
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Tripathy S, Sen R, Padhi S, Sahu D, Nandi S, Mohanty S, Maiti N. Survey of the transcriptome of Brevibacillus borstelensis exposed to low temperature shock. Gene 2014; 550:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Singh R, Rohilla RK, Dhayal RK, Sen R, Sehgal PK. Role of local application of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the management of pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury patients. Spinal Cord 2014; 52:809-16. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tripathy S, Sen R, Padhi SK, Mohanty S, Maiti NK. Upregulation of transcripts for metabolism in diverse environments is a shared response associated with survival and adaptation of Klebsiella pneumoniae in response to temperature extremes. Funct Integr Genomics 2014; 14:591-601. [PMID: 24890397 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-014-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae being ubiquitous in nature encounters wide differences in environmental condition. The organism's abundance in natural water reservoirs exposed to temperature variation forms the basis of its persistence and spread in the soil and other farm produce. In order to investigate the effect of temperature changes on the survival and adaptation of the bacteria, the transcriptional response of K. pneumoniae subjected to low (20 °C) and high (50 °C) temperature shock were executed using Applied Biosystems SOLiD platform. Approximately, 33 and 34% of protein coding genes expressed in response to 20 and 50 °C, respectively, displayed significant up- or downregulation (p < 0.01). Most of the significantly expressed transcripts mapped to metabolism, membrane transport, and cell motility were downregulated at 50 °C, except for protein folding, sorting, and degradation, suggesting that heat stress causes general downregulation of gene expression together with induction of heat shock proteins. While at 20 °C, the transcripts of carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism were highly upregulated. Hypothetical proteins as well as canonical heat and cold shock proteins, viz. grpE, clpX, recA, and deaD were upregulated commonly in response to 20 and 50 °C. Significant upregulation of genes encoding ribosomal proteins at 20 and 50 °C possibly suggest their role in the survival of K. pneumoniae cells under low- and high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tripathy
- Microbiology unit, Division of Fish Health Management, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751002, India
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Kang H, Thakar M, Sen R, Chung CH. Antitumor effect of IMGN289, an anti-EGFR antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), in preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunseok Kang
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manjusha Thakar
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rupashree Sen
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Sethi D, Sen R, Parshad S, Khetarpal S, Garg M, Sen J. Histopathologic changes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Indian J Cancer 2013; 50:58-64. [PMID: 23713048 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the clinical and pathologic assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and describe the various histopathologic changes observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied a group of 40 patients with locally advanced breast cancer who had their initial workup in the form of clinico-imaging assessment of the size and pretreatment biopsy from the lesion. All the patients received two to six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, either cyclophosphamide 50 to 60 mg/m 2 IV, doxorubicin 40 to 50 mg/m 2 IV and 5-fluorouracil 500 to 800 mg/m 2 IV (CAF) or cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and 5-fluorouracil (CEF). Clinical and pathologic assessment of response to chemotherapy was done based on the UICC guidelines. RESULT Complete clinical response (cCR) was seen in 10% cases (4/40), thirty percent patients had (12/40) partial response and 60% (24/40) had stable disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathologic complete response (pCR) with no evidence of viable tumor was observed in 20% patients (8/40). Fifteen patients (37.5%) showed partial response and 42.5% patients (17/40) had a stable disease. No patient progressed during the course of chemotherapy. Changes in the tumor type were observed following chemotherapy, most common being the mucinous change. Histologic changes like dyscohesion, shrinkage of tumor cells, elastosis, collagenization, necrosis, lymphocytic reaction, giant cell response are some of the common observations seen following treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Pathologic assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a better predictor than the clinical response. The chemotherapy drugs can be modified based on the response observed after 1-2 cycles of neoadjuvant, the response being based on both tumor and patient's responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sethi
- Department of Pathology, Pt. B. D. Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
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Biswas K, Sontakke AD, Sen R, Annapurna K. Enhanced 2 μm broad-band emission and NIR to visible frequency up-conversion from Ho3+/Yb3+ co-doped Bi2O3-GeO2-ZnO glasses. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 112:301-308. [PMID: 23685797 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new and non-conventional oxide glass composition based on Bi2O3-GeO2-ZnO system has been formulated with an aim to realize low phonon oxide glass and elucidate its performance when co-doped with Ho(3+)/Yb(3+) for the energy transfer based NIR emission at 2 μm from Ho(3+) ions under Yb(3+) excitation. The glass with 1.0 mol% Ho2O3 and 0.5 mol% Yb2O3 has exhibited maximum energy transfer rate (3602 s(-1)) and energy transfer efficiency (65.92%). Important radiative properties have been predicted for emission transitions of Ho(3+) ions using intensity parameters derived from measured absorption spectra using standard Judd-Ofelt theory. At lower acceptor ion concentration (0.1 mol%), an efficient NIR to visible up-conversion emission has been observed based on two photon absorption process which has found to be reduced significantly at higher Ho(3+) concentrations with simultaneous enhancement in 2 μm emission. Hence, this newly developed glass codoped with Yb(3+)/Ho(3+) is promising glass for sensitized 2 μm emission applications as broad band tunable lasers because of the combination of low phonon energy (707 cm(-1)), high energy transfer efficiency, moderately high emission cross-section (5.33×10(-21) cm(2)) and larger effective half-width of the emission band value of 169 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Biswas
- Glass Division, Glass Science and Technology Section, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Bremer K, Pal A, Yao S, Lewis E, Sen R, Sun T, Grattan KTV. Sensitive detection of CO2 implementing tunable thulium-doped all-fiber laser. Appl Opt 2013; 52:3957-3963. [PMID: 23759843 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a compact, yet sensitive gas detection system based on a modulated, tunable thulium-doped fiber laser in the 2 μm wavelength region is reported. The laser operating wavelength range centered at a wavelength of 1.995 μm has been selected to access the R(50) transition (ν1+2ν2+ν3) of CO2 based on its line strength and to achieve isolation from interfering high-temperature water absorption features. The laser linewidth and tuning range are optimized accordingly. The modulation of the fiber laser, achieved through pump source modulation and a locking detection mechanism, has been utilized to stabilize the laser system and therefore to create a compact gas sensor with high sensitivity. The absorption spectrum, as well as the line strength and the concentration level of CO2, have been monitored through absorption spectroscopy techniques. The measured minimum detectable concentration of CO2 obtained using the system shows that it is quite capable of detecting trace gas at the ppm (parts in 10(6)) level. The stable laser performance achieved in the sensor system illustrates its potential for the development of practical, compact, yet sensitive fiber-laser-based gas sensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bremer
- School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, City University London, London, UK
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Kellner K, Fernández-Marín H, Ishak HD, Sen R, Linksvayer TA, Mueller UG. Co-evolutionary patterns and diversification of ant-fungus associations in the asexual fungus-farming ant Mycocepurus smithii
in Panama. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:1353-62. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Kellner
- Section of Integrative Biology; Patterson Laboratories; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - H. Fernández-Marín
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panamá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología; Panamá Rep. de Panamá
| | - H. D. Ishak
- Section of Integrative Biology; Patterson Laboratories; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - R. Sen
- Department of Entomology; Purdue University; West Lafayette IN USA
| | - T. A. Linksvayer
- Department of Biology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - U. G. Mueller
- Section of Integrative Biology; Patterson Laboratories; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Balboa Panamá
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Raychoudhury R, Sen R, Cai Y, Sun Y, Lietze VU, Boucias DG, Scharf ME. Comparative metatranscriptomic signatures of wood and paper feeding in the gut of the termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Insect Mol Biol 2013; 22:155-71. [PMID: 23294456 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Termites are highly eusocial insects that thrive on recalcitrant materials like wood and soil and thus play important roles in global carbon recycling and also in damaging wooden structures. Termites, such as Reticulitermes flavipes (Rhinotermitidae), owe their success to their ability to extract nutrients from lignocellulose (a major component of wood) with the help of gut-dwelling symbionts. With the aim to gain new insights into this enzymatic process we provided R. flavipes with a complex lignocellulose (wood) or pure cellulose (paper) diet and followed the resulting differential gene expression on a custom oligonucleotide-microarray platform. We identified a set of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with differential abundance between the two diet treatments and demonstrated the source (host/symbiont) of these genes, providing novel information on termite nutritional symbiosis. Our results reveal: (1) the majority of responsive wood- and paper-abundant ESTs are from host and symbionts, respectively; (2) distinct pathways are associated with lignocellulose and cellulose feeding in both host and symbionts; and (3) sets of diet-responsive ESTs encode putative digestive and wood-related detoxification enzymes. Thus, this study illuminates the dynamics of termite nutritional symbiosis and reveals a pool of genes as potential targets for termite control and functional studies of termite-symbiont interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raychoudhury
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Abstract
Heterotopic, aberrant or ectopic pancreas is defined as the presence of pancreatic tissue in topographic anomaly, with no anatomical, neural or vascular connection to the normal pancreas. It is a rare condition found mainly in stomach, duodenum and jejunum. Ileal heterotopic pancreas is an uncommon condition and has been rarely reported in children so far. Hereby we report a case of heterotopic pancreas presenting as ileal poyp leading to ileoileal intussusception in a 12 year child.
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Sen R, Natarajan K, Bhullar J, Shukla S, Fang HB, Cai L, Chen ZS, Ambudkar SV, Baer MR. The novel BCR-ABL and FLT3 inhibitor ponatinib is a potent inhibitor of the MDR-associated ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 11:2033-44. [PMID: 22778153 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ponatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent activity against BCR-ABL with mutations, including T315I, and also against fms-like tyrosine kinase 3. We tested interactions between ponatinib at pharmacologically relevant concentrations of 50 to 200 nmol/L and the MDR-associated ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2. Ponatinib enhanced uptake of substrates of ABCG2 and ABCB1, but not ABCC1, in cells overexpressing these proteins, with a greater effect on ABCG2 than on ABCB1. Ponatinib potently inhibited [(125)I]-IAAP binding to ABCG2 and ABCB1, indicating binding to their drug substrate sites, with IC(50) values of 0.04 and 0.63 μmol/L, respectively. Ponatinib stimulated ABCG2 ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner and stimulated ABCB1 ATPase activity at low concentrations, consistent with it being a substrate of both proteins at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. The ponatinib IC(50) values of BCR-ABL-expressing K562 cells transfected with ABCB1 and ABCG2 were approximately the same as and 2-fold higher than that of K562, respectively, consistent with ponatinib being a substrate of both proteins, but inhibiting its own transport, and resistance was also attenuated to a small degree by ponatinib-induced downregulation of ABCB1 and ABCG2 cell-surface expression on resistant K562 cells. Ponatinib at pharmacologically relevant concentrations produced synergistic cytotoxicity with ABCB1 and ABCG2 substrate chemotherapy drugs and enhanced apoptosis induced by these drugs, including daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, topotecan, and flavopiridol, in cells overexpressing these transport proteins. Combinations of ponatinib and chemotherapy drugs warrant further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupashree Sen
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Abstract
Adenomatoid tumor is a benign mesothelial neoplasm of the paratesticular region in males but can also occur in female genital tracts. The epididymis is the most common site of involvement and constitutes 32% of paratesticular neoplasms. We diagnosed a case of adenomatoid tumor on cytopathology in 24 years old male, who presented with mass lesion right epididymis since 2 months. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology and immunohistochemistry after surgical excision of the nodule. FNAC is a rapid, reliable and cost effective diagnostic tool for preoperative diagnosis to take appropriate surgical decisions. Pathologists should be aware of the cytological features of such lesions so as to differentiate it from other paratesticular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Pt. B.D Sharma Post Graduate University of Medical Sciences, Haryana, India
| | - S Garg
- Pt. B.D Sharma Post Graduate University of Medical Sciences, Haryana, India
| | - R Agarwal
- Pt. B.D Sharma Post Graduate University of Medical Sciences, Haryana, India
| | - R Sen
- Pt. B.D Sharma Post Graduate University of Medical Sciences, Haryana, India
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