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Development of a species-specific fur gene-based method for identification of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 46:447-55. [PMID: 18057135 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01460-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia is an important bacterial genus with a complex taxonomy that contains species of both ecological and pathogenic importance, including nine closely related species collectively termed the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). Unfortunately, 16S rRNA gene analysis has proven to be not sensitive enough to discriminate between species of the BCC. Alternative species identification strategies such as recA-based PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, although initially useful, have proven to be inaccurate with the increasing species diversity of the BCC. recA gene sequence analysis is more discriminatory and corroborates other biochemical and polyphasic means of taxonomic differentiation. However, it is limited by the fact that certain BCC species are subdivided into discrete recA sequence subgroups that may confuse clinical diagnoses. In this study, an effective approach is described for the rapid differentiation of BCC species from both environmental and clinical sources by means of a single-locus sequencing and PCR assay using fur as a target gene that provides sequence phylogenies that are species specific and, with few exceptions, not divided into subspecies clusters. This assay is specific and can be used to correctly determine the species status of BCC strains tested following sequencing and amplification of the fur gene by both general and species-specific primers. Based on our results, this typing strategy is simpler than and as sensitive as established tests currently in use clinically. This assay is useful for the rapid, definitive identification of all nine current BCC species and potentially novel species groups.
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Pellegrino FLPC, Schirmer M, Velasco E, de Faria LM, Santos KRN, Moreira BM. Ralstonia pickettii Bloodstream Infections at a Brazilian Cancer Institution. Curr Microbiol 2007; 56:219-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-007-9060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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53
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Pimentel JD, Dubedat SM, N Dodds EL, Benn RAV. Identification of isolates within the Burkholderia cepacia complex by a multiplex recA and 16S rRNA gene real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3853-4. [PMID: 17855569 PMCID: PMC2168484 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01606-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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54
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Carvalho APD, Ventura GMC, Pereira CB, Leão RS, Folescu TW, Higa L, Teixeira LM, Plotkowski MCM, Merquior VLC, Albano RM, Marques EA. Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. multivorans, B. ambifaria and B. vietnamiensis isolates from cystic fibrosis patients have different profiles of exoenzyme production. APMIS 2007; 115:311-8. [PMID: 17504297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the virulence mechanisms of species from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is still limited. The genomovar heterogeneity and production of different virulence factors are likely to contribute to the variation in the clinical outcome observed in BCC-infected cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Therefore, in this study we investigated the genetic polimorphism, the presence of genetic makers associated with virulence and transmissibility in BCC, and the profile of exoenzyme production of 59 BCC isolates obtained from 59 CF patients attending the reference CF centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The DNA sequence analyses of the recA gene allowed us to identify 40 of these 59 BCC species as being B. cenocepacia, 9 as B. vietnamiensis, 6 as B. multivorans and 4 as B. ambifaria. The assessment of the bacterial genetic polymorphism by PFGE revealed that B. cenocepacia and the B. multivorans isolates belonged to four and two different PFGE profiles with prevalence of two clones, A and B, respectively. All B. vietnamiensis and B. ambifaria belonged to only one PFGE profile (J and E, respectively). None of the isolates exhibited the genetic markers cblA and BCESM, assessed by polymerase chain reaction. In contrast, the profile of enzymatic activity, assessed by phenotypic methods, differed among the BCC species: protease activity was detected only in B. cenocepacia and B. ambifaria isolates, whereas only B. vietnamiensis isolates produced hemolysin. Although the phospholipase C activity was similar among the different species, the level of lipase activity produced by B. multivorans was higher than in the other species. We speculate that the differential characteristics of exoenzyme production may account for the differences in the pathogenic potentials of each BCC species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula D'Allicourt Carvalho
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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55
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Fera MT, Maugeri TL, Gugliandolo C, Bonanno D, La Camera E, Papasergi S, Carbone M. Occurrence of Burkholderia cepacia complex, Ralstonia and Pandoraea species DNAs in the coastal environment of the Straits of Messina (Italy). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2007; 54:803-8. [PMID: 17360005 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2006] [Revised: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M T Fera
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Microbiologia Sperimentale, Policlinico Universitario, Torre Biologica 2 piano, Università di Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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56
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Bombicino KA, Almuzara MN, Famiglietti AMR, Vay C. Evaluation of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase for the identification of nonfermenting Gram-negative rods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 57:101-3. [PMID: 16822636 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Revised: 02/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the activity of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) for the differentiation and identification of nonfermenting gram negative rods (NFGNR), 293 isolates were tested. A 24 h culture of each test organism was prepared. From this a 108-109 cfu/mL suspension was added to 0.25 mL of sterile physiologic solution. A PYR disk was then added and the test was incubated for 30 minutes at 35-37 degrees C, at environmental atmosphere. Reading was done by adding 1 drop of cinnamaldehyde reagent. Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bergeyella zoohelcum, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella hinzii, Brevundimonas diminuta, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Brucella ovis, Brucella spp., Brucella suis, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella lacunata, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Moraxella osloensis, Oligella ureolytica, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas Vb3, Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were PYR negative. On the other hand Achromobacter piechaudii, Achromobacter denitrificans, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia gladioli, Chryseobacterium gleum-indologenes, Comamonas testosroni, Cupriavidus pauculus, Delftia acidovorans, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Myroides spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Ralstonia pickettii, Rhizobium radiobacter, Shewanella spp., Sphingobacterium multivorum, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, and Weeksella virosa were PYR positive. Finally, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Roseomonas spp., and Sphingomonas paucimobilis-parapaucimobilis were PYR variable. PYR testing should be considered as a useful tool to facilitate the identification of NFGNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A Bombicino
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Clínica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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57
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Waine DJ, Henry DA, Baldwin A, Speert DP, Honeybourne D, Mahenthiralingam E, Dowson CG. Reliability of multilocus sequence typing of the Burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2006; 6:215-9. [PMID: 17141579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 10/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infection with the Burkholderia cepacia complex is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). We investigated the molecular clock speed of the seven genes used in the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for these bacteria. METHODS At least two isolates, separated by months to years, from each of 20 patients were typed using MLST. In total 41 isolates, providing 128 isolate-years, were analyzed. Mutation and recombination rates were estimated assuming a Poisson distribution. RESULTS Out of 20 patients, 15 had no change in sequence type over time (mean 7.07 years, range 1.09 to 14.24). One patient had strain replacement. Three patients had evidence of recombination involving one of the seven housekeeping genes, and one patient had evidence of recombination of two genes. The mutation rate was estimated as 2.36x10(-6) per nucleotide per year (50% confidence limit) and 1.02x10(-5) per nucleotide per year (upper 95% confidence limit). The rate of nucleotide changes due to recombination events was estimated as 0.676 to 0.839 per year (95% confidence limits). CONCLUSIONS B. cepacia complex housekeeping genes have a slow molecular clock speed and MLST provides a robust and reliable typing technique for isolates from this complex. A low rate of point mutation was found, with a higher rate of recombination events, in keeping with previous cross-sectional epidemiological data. The study also demonstrated, for the first time, recombination in a longitudinal in vivo study.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Waine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Warwick University, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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58
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Krejcí E, Kroppenstedt RM. Differentiation of species combined into the Burkholderia cepacia complex and related taxa on the basis of their fatty acid patterns. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:1159-64. [PMID: 16517920 PMCID: PMC1393087 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.44.3.1159-1164.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the established commercial system Sherlock (MIDI, Inc.), cellular fatty acid methyl ester analysis for differentiation among Burkholderia cepacia complex species was proven. The identification key based on the diagnostic fatty acids is able to discern phenotypically related Ralstonia pickettii and Pandoraea spp. and further distinguish Burkholderia pyrrocinia, Burkholderia ambifaria, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Krejcí
- Institute of Public Health, Centre for Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Partyzánské nám. 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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59
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Vonberg RP, Häußler S, Vandamme P, Steinmetz I. Identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex pathogens by rapid-cycle PCR with fluorescent hybridization probes. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:721-727. [PMID: 16687590 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46457-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are important bacterial pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The B. cepacia complex currently consists of nine genetic subgroups (genomovars) of different epidemiological relevance and possibly of different pathogenic potential in humans. In this study, a new approach was developed for the rapid identification of B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II), Burkholderia cenocepacia (lineage III-A and III-B), Burkholderia stabilis (genomovar IV) and Burkholderia vietnamiensis (genomovar V), which cause the large majority of infections in CF patients. The method was based on the detection of differences in the recA gene sequence by using rapid-cycle PCR and genomovar-specific fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes. The genomovar status of all 39 B. cepacia complex strains tested (genomovars I–V) was identified by melting-curve analysis. Each FRET probe produced a specific fluorescence signal only with the respective genomovar, and not with other B. cepacia complex strains and Burkholderia spp. The identification system was easy to handle and revealed B. cepacia complex genomovar I–V status from culture isolates within about 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf-Peter Vonberg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Häußler
- Department of Cell Biology, German Research Center for Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratorium voor Mikrobiologie, Universiteit Gent, Belgium
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Friedrich Loeffler Institute of Medical Microbiology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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60
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Jacobson M, Wray R, Kovach D, Henry D, Speert D, Matlow A. Sustained endemicity of Burkholderia cepacia complex in a pediatric institution, associated with contaminated ultrasound gel. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:362-6. [PMID: 16622813 DOI: 10.1086/503343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether contaminated ultrasound gel is the source of intermittent outbreaks of nosocomial infection due to Burkholderia cepacia complex in patients without cystic fibrosis since 1992. DESIGN A prospective clinical and in vitro study of all in-use bottles of ultrasound gel, as well as a retrospective analysis of archived bacterial strains, were performed. Handling of gel for clinical purposes throughout the hospital was evaluated. Gel and archived clinical isolates of B. cepacia complex were speciated to genomovar level and characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were compared. SETTING The Hospital for Sick Children, a 300-bed, tertiary care, pediatric academic health sciences center in Toronto, Canada. PATIENTS All patients without cystic fibrosis from whom B. cepacia complex was recovered at the Hospital for Sick Children since 1992. RESULTS No standardized protocol for storage or handling of ultrasound gel was found. Gel from 39% of bottles grew either B. cepacia (genomovar I) or Burkholderia stabilis (genomovar IV). These isolates had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns identical to 2 of the 7 clinical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types that are responsible for 88% of clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS Contaminated ultrasound gel contributed to nosocomial infection due to B. cepacia complex in this institution over the course of 10 years. Suggested guidelines for the handling of ultrasound gel are provided.
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61
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Assaad W, Magalhães M, Plesa M, Hart CA, Cornelis P, Winstanley C. Identical Burkholderia cepacia complex strain types isolated from multiple patients attending a hospital in Brazil. J Med Microbiol 2006; 55:247-249. [PMID: 16434721 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wail Assaad
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo Magalhães
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Plesa
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Anthony Hart
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Craig Winstanley
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
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62
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Ramírez MS, Vargas LJ, Cagnoni V, Tokumoto M, Centrón D. Class 2 integron with a novel cassette array in a Burkholderia cenocepacia isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 49:4418-20. [PMID: 16189138 PMCID: PMC1251563 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.10.4418-4420.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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63
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Venturini S, Allicotti G, Zhao Y, Simon R, Burton DR, Pinilla C, Poignard P. Identification of peptides from human pathogens able to cross-activate an HIV-1-gag-specific CD4+ T cell clone. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:27-36. [PMID: 16323241 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antigen recognition by T cells is degenerate both at the MHC and the TCR level. In this study, we analyzed the cross-reactivity of a human HIV-1 gag p24-specific CD4(+) T cell clone obtained from an HIV-1-seronegative donor using a positional scanning synthetic combinatorial peptide library (PS-SCL)-based biometrical analysis. A number of decapeptides able to activate the HIV-1 gag-specific clone were identified and shown to correspond to sequences found in other human pathogens. Two of these peptides activated the T cell clone with the same stimulatory potency as the original HIV-1 gag p24 peptide. These findings show that an HIV-1-specific human T helper clone can react efficiently with peptides from other pathogens and suggest that cellular immune responses identified as being specific for one human pathogen (HIV-1) could arise from exposure to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Venturini
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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64
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Carvalho GMV, Carvalho APD, Folescu TW, Higa L, Teixeira LM, Plotkowski MCM, Merquior VL, Albano RM, Marques EA. Transient isolation of Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia from a Brazilian cystic fibrosis patient chronically colonized with Burkholderia vietnamiensis. J Cyst Fibros 2005; 4:267-70. [PMID: 16266831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2005.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Revised: 07/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fifteen serial Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates recovered over a period of 4 years from a single cystic fibrosis patient were analysed for genomovar status by means of recA sequence determination, and genetic relatedness by RAPD-PCR. Twelve isolates were assigned as Burkholderia vietnamiensis, two as Burkholderia cenocepacia and one as Burkholderia multivorans. B. vietnamiensis persisted in the airways during 4 years, except in three occasions when B. cenocepacia or B. multivorans were isolated. The patient was chronically colonized by B. vietnamiensis with the RAPD-profile 12 and transiently by the RAPD-profile 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grasiella M V Carvalho
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87/3 degrees andar, Vila Isabel, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
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65
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Cardona ST, Wopperer J, Eberl L, Valvano MA. Diverse pathogenicity of Burkholderia cepacia complex strains in the Caenorhabditis elegans host model. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2005; 250:97-104. [PMID: 16043310 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast screening method was developed to assess the pathogenicity of a diverse collection of environmental and clinical Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The method was validated by comparison with the standard slow-killing assay. We observed that the pathogenicity of B. cepacia complex isolates in C. elegans was strain-dependent but species-independent. The wide range of observed pathogenic phenotypes agrees with the high degree of phenotypic variation among species of the B. cepacia complex and suggests that the taxonomic classification of a given strain within the complex cannot predict pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia T Cardona
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Dental Sciences Building, Room 3014, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ont., Canada N6A 5C1.
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66
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Coenye T, Spilker T, Reik R, Vandamme P, Lipuma JJ. Use of PCR analyses to define the distribution of Ralstonia species recovered from patients with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3463-6. [PMID: 16000479 PMCID: PMC1169115 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3463-3466.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new PCR assays (for Ralstonia species and Ralstonia respiraculi), together with previously published PCR assays, were used to assess Ralstonia isolates recovered from 111 cystic fibrosis patients. Ralstonia mannitolilytica accounted for 46% of isolates, while R. respiraculi and Ralstonia pickettii accounted for 19% and 18%, respectively. Ralstonia basilensis and Ralstonia metallidurans, species not previously recovered from human samples, were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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67
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Petrucca A, Cipriani P, Sessa R, Teggi A, Pustorino R, Santapaola D, Nicoletti M. Burkholderia cenocepacia vaginal infection in patient with smoldering myeloma and chronic hepatitis C. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 10:1957-9. [PMID: 15550207 PMCID: PMC3328987 DOI: 10.3201/eid1011.040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a vaginal infection caused by a strain of Burkholderia cenocepacia. The strain was isolated from vaginal swab specimens from a 68-year-old woman with smoldering myeloma and chronic hepatitis C virus infection who was hospitalized for abdominal abscess. Treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam eliminated B. cenocepacia infection and vaginal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petrucca
- II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia dell'Università "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia dell'Università "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Sessa
- I Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia dell'Università "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Teggi
- II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia dell'Università "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalia Pustorino
- II Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia dell'Università "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
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68
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Moreira BM, Leobons MBGP, Pellegrino FLPC, Santos M, Teixeira LM, de Andrade Marques E, Sampaio JLM, Pessoa-Silva CL. Ralstonia pickettii and Burkholderia cepacia complex bloodstream infections related to infusion of contaminated water for injection. J Hosp Infect 2005; 60:51-5. [PMID: 15823657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ralstonia pickettii and Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates are causes of healthcare-associated infection related to contamination of intravenously administered products. Based on microbiological and epidemiological data and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we report the occurrence of two outbreaks of R. pickettii and B. cepacia complex bloodstream infections. The first outbreak occurred from August 1995 to September 1996, and the second outbreak occurred from 28 March to 8 April 1998, affecting adults and neonates, respectively. Infusion of contaminated water for injection was the source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Moreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala 28, Cidade Universitária, 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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69
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Coenye T, Henry D, Speert DP, Vandamme P. Burkholderia phenoliruptrix sp. nov., to accommodate the 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and halophenol-degrading strain AC1100. Syst Appl Microbiol 2005; 27:623-7. [PMID: 15612618 DOI: 10.1078/0723202042369992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Strain AC1100 is well-known for its ability to degrade a variety of recalcitrant xenobiotics, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. We performed a polyphasic-taxonomic study to determine its taxonomic position. The G+C content of strain AC1100 was 62.6 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain AC1100 belonged to the beta-Proteobacteria and was most closely related to Burkholderia fungorum (98.3% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridisations, comparison of protein profiles, cellular fatty acid analysis and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain AC1100 from other Burkholderia species. Our data show that strain AC1100 represents a novel species for which the name Burkholderia phenoliruptrix sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AC1100T (= LMG 22037T = CCUG 48558T).
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MESH Headings
- 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/metabolism
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Base Composition
- Biodegradation, Environmental
- Burkholderia/classification
- Burkholderia/metabolism
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Genes, rRNA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phenols/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Proteome/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Xenobiotics/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium.
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70
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Seo ST, Tsuchiya K. PCR-based identification and characterization of Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria from clinical and environmental sources. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 39:413-9. [PMID: 15482431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the genotypic identification and characterization of the 119 Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) strains recovered from clinical and environmental sources in Japan and Thailand. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on the results of analysis by 16S rDNA RFLP generated after digestion with DdeI, the Bcc strains were differentiated into two patterns: pattern 1 (including Burkholderia vietnamiensis) and pattern 2 (including B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia stabilis). All strains belonged to pattern 2 except for one strain. In the RFLP analysis of the recA gene using HaeIII, strains were separated into eight patterns designated as A, D, E, G, H, I, J and K, of which pattern K was new. Burkholderia cepacia epidemic strain marker (BCESM) encoded by esmR [corrected] and the pyrrolnitrin biosynthetic locus encoded by prnC were present in 22 strains (18%) and 88 strains (74%) from all sources, respectively. All esmR-positive [corrected] strains belonged to B. cenocepacia, whereas most prnC-positive strains belonged to B. cepacia genomovar I. CONCLUSIONS Strains derived from clinical sources were assigned to B. cepacia genomovar I, B. cenocepacia, B. stabilis and B. vietnamiensis. The majority of Bcc strains from environmental sources (77 of a total 95 strains) belonged to B. cepacia genomovar I, whereas the rest belonged to B. cenocepacia. On the basis of genomovar-specific PCR and prnC RFLP analysis, strains belonging to recA pattern K were identified as B. cepacia genomovar I. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work provides the genotypic identification of a collection of the Bcc strains from Japan and Thailand. RFLP analysis of the prnC gene promises to be a useful method for differentiating Burkholderia pyrrocinia from B. cepacia genomovar I strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-T Seo
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan
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71
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Daxboeck F, Stadler M, Assadian O, Marko E, Hirschl AM, Koller W. Characterization of clinically isolated Ralstonia mannitolilytica strains using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing and antimicrobial sensitivity, and comparison of the classification efficacy of phenotypic and genotypic assays. J Med Microbiol 2005; 54:55-61. [PMID: 15591256 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia mannitolilytica strains isolated between February 2002 and March 2004 from 30 episodes of infection in 26 patients at Vienna University Hospital were characterized. Twenty-four of the episodes occurred within a 7 month period, suggesting they were outbreak-related, although no common source of infection was identified. The isolates were assayed using PCR to confirm species identification. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing classified the R. mannitolilytica isolates into four distinct genotypes: A/I, B/II, C/III and D/IV (15, 13, 1 and 1 isolates, respectively). API 20NE, VITEK Gram-negative Identification Card plus (GNI+) and VITEK Gram Negative Bacillus Identification (GNB) yielded negative or no acceptable biochemical profile for 4, 11 and 11 isolates, respectively. None of the isolates acidified D-arabitol or mannitol. Two isolates (7 %) were positive for nitrate reduction. All 30 R. mannitolilytica isolates were resistant to desferrioxamine, and 29 were able to grow on BCSA. The most active compounds in vitro were ciprofloxacin and cefepime, whilst only the genotype D/IV isolate was sensitive to gentamicin and amikacin (the remaining 29 isolates being resistant to both).
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Daxboeck
- Division of Hospital Hygiene,1 and Division of Clinical Microbiology,2 Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Stadler
- Division of Hospital Hygiene,1 and Division of Clinical Microbiology,2 Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ojan Assadian
- Division of Hospital Hygiene,1 and Division of Clinical Microbiology,2 Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Marko
- Division of Hospital Hygiene,1 and Division of Clinical Microbiology,2 Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander M Hirschl
- Division of Hospital Hygiene,1 and Division of Clinical Microbiology,2 Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Koller
- Division of Hospital Hygiene,1 and Division of Clinical Microbiology,2 Clinical Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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72
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Otağ F, Ersöz G, Salcioğlu M, Bal C, Schneider I, Bauernfeind A. Nosocomial bloodstream infections with Burkholderia stabilis. J Hosp Infect 2005; 59:46-52. [PMID: 15571853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia stabilis was grown from blood cultures of seven patients presenting with signs and symptoms of septicaemia in the intensive care unit at Mersin University Hospital, Mersin, Turkey between July and October 2002. Four patients had one B. stabilis-positive blood culture, two patients had two, and one patient had four. Isolates from six of seven patients had the same resistotype and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis type. Despite treatment with ciprofloxacin and imipenem, to which the strains were susceptible, all patients died one to eight days after isolation of B. stabilis from their blood. B. stabilis should be regarded as an opportunistic pathogen that may cause nosocomial bloodstream infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Otağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Tip Fakultesi, Mikrobiyoloji ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji AD, 33079 Mersin, Turkey.
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73
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Fauroux B, Hart N, Belfar S, Boulé M, Tillous-Borde I, Bonnet D, Bingen E, Clément A. Burkholderia cepacia is associated with pulmonary hypertension and increased mortality among cystic fibrosis patients. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:5537-41. [PMID: 15583278 PMCID: PMC535237 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.12.5537-5541.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of Burkholderia cepacia on cardiovascular status and mortality in cystic fibrosis. Seven patients infected with B. cepacia were matched with 31 patients not infected with this organism for gender, age, height, weight, genotype, and percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second, partial arterial oxygen pressure, and pancreatic sufficiency status. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure, as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, was significantly higher in patients infected with B. cepacia (61.3 +/- 17.2 mm Hg) than in controls (37.3 +/- 13.9 mm Hg; P = 0.02), and the mean acceleration time was significantly lower (77 +/- 33 ms versus 108 +/- 25 ms; P = 0.02). The 6-month mortality was significantly higher in patients infected with B. cepacia (57% versus 16%; P = 0.02). Six of the seven patients infected with B. cepacia harbored the same ribotype (genomovar II, B. multivorans). Pulmonary hypertension was significantly more frequent in patients infected by B. cepacia and could contribute to the increased mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Fauroux
- Paediatric Pulmonary Department and Research Unit INSERM E 213, Armand Trousseau Hospital, 28 avenue du Docteur Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France.
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74
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Storms V, Van Den Vreken N, Coenye T, Mahenthiralingam E, LiPuma JJ, Gillis M, Vandamme P. Polyphasic Characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia-Like Isolates Leading to the Emended Description of Burkholderia pyrrocinia. Syst Appl Microbiol 2004; 27:517-26. [PMID: 15490552 DOI: 10.1078/0723202041748190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five Burkholderia cepacia-like isolates of human and environmental origin, comprising five different recA RFLP types, were examined by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, including recA gene sequence analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA:DNA hybridisation studies, tDNA-PCR, fatty acid analysis and biochemical analysis. The results of the present study demonstrated that twenty-three of these strains belong to Burkholderia pyrrocinia, a B. cepacia complex species thus far comprising one single soil isolate only. An emended description of Burkholderia pyrrocinia is proposed. The taxonomic status of the remaining two isolates requires further analysis.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Burkholderia Infections/microbiology
- Burkholderia cepacia complex/chemistry
- Burkholderia cepacia complex/classification
- Burkholderia cepacia complex/genetics
- Burkholderia cepacia complex/isolation & purification
- Burkholderia cepacia complex/metabolism
- Cystic Fibrosis/complications
- Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology
- DNA Fingerprinting
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Genes, Bacterial
- Genes, rRNA
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Rec A Recombinases/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology
- Soil Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Storms
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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75
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Manno G, Dalmastri C, Tabacchioni S, Vandamme P, Lorini R, Minicucci L, Romano L, Giannattasio A, Chiarini L, Bevivino A. Epidemiology and clinical course of Burkholderia cepacia complex infections, particularly those caused by different Burkholderia cenocepacia strains, among patients attending an Italian Cystic Fibrosis Center. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:1491-7. [PMID: 15070994 PMCID: PMC387599 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.4.1491-1497.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) recovered from the sputum of 75 patients attending the Genoa Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Center at the Gaslini Children's Hospital (Genoa, Italy) was investigated, and the clinical course of the CF patients infected with the different species and genomovars of Bcc was evaluated. All isolates were analyzed for genomovar status by recA gene polymorphism and subsequently random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. Burkholderia cenocepacia is the predominant species recovered from the CF patients infected with Bcc at the Genoa CF Center. Of the other eight species comprising the Bcc, only a few isolates belonging to B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia pyrrocinia were found. Of the four recA lineages of B. cenocepacia, most patients were infected by epidemic strains belonging to lineages IIIA and IIID, whereas only a few patients harbored IIIB strains. Patient-to-patient spread of Bcc among CF patients was mostly associated with B. cenocepacia, in particular with strains belonging to recA lineages IIIA and IIID. The mortality of CF patients infected with Bcc at the Genoa CF Center was significantly higher than mortality among CF patients not infected with Bcc. All of the deaths were associated with the presence of B. cenocepacia, except the case of a patient infected with B. cepacia genomovar I. Within B. cenocepacia, infection with epidemic strains belonging to lineages IIIA and IIID was associated with higher rates of mortality than was infection with lineage IIIB strains. No significant differences in lung function, body weight, and mortality rate were observed between patients infected with epidemic strains belonging to either B. cenocepacia IIIA or B. cenocepacia IIID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziana Manno
- Infectious Diseases Research and Diagnosis Laboratory, Italy
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76
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da Silva Filho LVF, Tateno AF, Velloso LDF, Levi JE, Fernandes S, Bento CNO, Rodrigues JC, Ramos SRTS. Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia complex, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients using multiplex PCR. Pediatr Pulmonol 2004; 37:537-47. [PMID: 15114555 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.20016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A multiplex PCR method was developed to identify P. aeruginosa, B. cepacia complex, and S. maltophilia directly in sputum and oropharyngeal samples from CF patients. One hundred and six patients (53 male, and 53 female) attending our pulmonology clinic were studied from September 2000-April 2001. Two hundred and fifty-seven samples were cultured in selective media and submitted to multiplex PCR reactions, using three primer pairs targeting specific genomic sequences of each species, with an additional primer pair targeting a stretch of ribosomal 16S DNA, universal for bacteria, to act as a control. P. aeruginosa was isolated by culture in 56% of samples, B. cepacia complex in 4.3%, and S. maltophilia in 2.7%, while multiplex PCR identified P. aeruginosa in 78.7%, B. cepacia complex in 3.9%, and S. maltophilia in 3.1% of samples. Multiplex PCR results were verified by PCR reactions using different species-specific primers described in the literature and DNA sequencing of amplicons from a few samples. Comparing to culture results, the sensitivity and specificity values of multiplex PCR for bacterial identification were, respectively, 97.2% and 45.5% for P. aeruginosa, 45.5% and 97.9% for B. cepacia complex, and 40% and 97.6% for S. maltophilia. All 10 multiplex PCR-positive results for B. cepacia complex were confirmed using other species-specific primers described in the literature, while this approach confirmed results for S. maltophilia identification in 7/8 samples (87.5%). Sequencing of amplicons from samples culture-negative but multiplex PCR-positive for P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia complex confirmed their identity, while minor nucleotide differences among amplicons ruled out the hypothesis of PCR contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz V F da Silva Filho
- Instituto da Criança Prof. Pedro de Alcântara, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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77
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Nasser RM, Rahi AC, Haddad MF, Daoud Z, Irani-Hakime N, Almawi WY. Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia traced to contaminated hospital water used for dilution of an alcohol skin antiseptic. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004; 25:231-9. [PMID: 15061416 DOI: 10.1086/502384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the source of an epidemic of Burkholderia cepacia bloodstream infections during 7 years (411 episodes in 361 patients). DESIGN Outbreak investigation. SETTING A 250-bed university hospital in Beirut, Lebanon. METHODS Matched case-control and retrospective cohort studies, and microbiological surveillance and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length ascertainment were employed. Special media and filtration techniques were used to isolate organisms from water and diluted alcohol solutions. RESULTS In a group of 50 randomly selected case-matched patients from 1999, the positive blood cultures were concomitant with fever in 98%, intravenous phlebitis in 44%, and recurrent bacteremia in 20%. Fever disappeared approximately 6 hours after intravenous catheter removal. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism revealed strain homogeneity in patient, water, and alcohol isolates. Contaminated tap water had been used to dilute alcohol for skin antisepsis and for decontamination of the caps of heparin vials. Only sporadic cases directly attributable to breach of protocol were reported after single-use alcohol swabs were substituted. CONCLUSION This is potentially the largest single-source nosocomial bloodstream infection outbreak ever reported, and the first report of an alcohol skin antiseptic contaminated by tap water as a source for nosocomial bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Nasser
- Department of Infection Control, Saint George Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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78
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Plesa M, Kholti A, Vermis K, Vandamme P, Panagea S, Winstanley C, Cornelis P. Conservation of the opcL gene encoding the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein among representatives of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:389-398. [PMID: 15096547 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are Gram-negative β-proteobacteria that are classified into nine genomic species or genomovars. Some representatives of this group of bacteria, such as Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II) and Burkholderia cenocepacia (genomovar III), are considered to be dangerous pathogens for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients because of their capacity to colonize CF lungs. The opcL gene, which encodes the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein (PAL), was detected in the genome of Burkholderia sp. LB 400 by a similarity search that was based on the sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAL, OprL. Primers that could amplify part of opcL from B. multivorans LMG 13010T were designed. This PCR fragment was used as a probe for screening of a B. multivorans genomic bank, allowing cloning of the complete opcL gene. The complete opcL gene could be PCR-amplified from DNA from all genomovars. The sequences of these opcL genes showed a high degree of conservation (> 95 %) among different species of the B. cepacia complex. OpcL protein that was purified from B. multivorans LMG 13010T was used to generate mouse polyclonal antisera against OpcL. The OpcL protein could be produced in Escherichia coli and detected in outer-membrane fractions by Western blot. Burkholderia cells were labelled by immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against OpcL, but only after treatment with EDTA and SDS. The opcL gene could be amplified directly from the sputa of 15 CF patients who were known to be colonized by B. cepacia; sequence data derived from the amplicons identified the colonizing strains as B. cenocepacia (genomovar III, n = 14) and B. multivorans (n = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Plesa
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Abdelaziz Kholti
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Karen Vermis
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Stavroula Panagea
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Craig Winstanley
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Pierre Cornelis
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Flanders Interuniversity Institute of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Room 6.2, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 2,3Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology2 and Laboratory of Microbiology3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium 4Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
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79
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Travassos LH, Pinheiro MN, Coelho FS, Sampaio JLM, Merquior VLC, Marques EA. Phenotypic properties, drug susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains from seven hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:1143-50. [PMID: 15078532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate phenotypic aspects including biotyping, drug susceptibility and production of extracellular enzymes and genetic diversity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains obtained from seven hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-nine S. maltophilia strains were investigated by biotying, susceptibility testing, extracellular enzymes detection and by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. Biotyping distinguished 13 biotypes among 39, and one of them was prevalent. The majority of the strains produced DNase, gelatinase and haemolysin. Protease, lipases and phospholipase C activities were observed in highly variable amounts. None of the strains was elastase producer. The percentage of full susceptibility, by agar dilution, was 100, 94.8, 81.6 and 26.3% for trimethoprim/sulphametoxazole, ticarcillin/clavulanate, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, respectively. Thirty-three RAPD-PCR profiles were obtained suggesting multiple sources of acquisition. CONCLUSIONS The results pointed out the necessity of monitoring S. maltophilia especially in critical hospital wards, to assure effective control measures. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Despite of the genetic diversity among the strains, in two situations it was observed indistinguishable RAPD-PCR profiles among strains isolated from different patients who had been hospitalized in the same hospital ward, suggesting the possibility of nosocomial transmission that until now has been rarely related.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Travassos
- Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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80
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Petrucca A, Cipriani P, Valenti P, Santapaola D, Cimmino C, Scoarughi GL, Santino I, Stefani S, Sessa R, Nicoletti M. Molecular characterization of Burkholderia cepacia isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in an Italian CF center. Res Microbiol 2003; 154:491-8. [PMID: 14499935 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex consist of a number of closely related genomic species (genomovars) potentially pathogenic for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, collectively referred to as the B. cepacia complex. The genomovar status and epidemiological relatedness of B. cepacia complex strains recovered from CF patients, attending a CF Center at the University Hospital "Policlinico Umberto I" of Rome, were investigated using 16S rRNA PCR-RFLP, recA PCR-RFLP, genomovar-specific PCR, and RAPD. Forty-seven isolates identified as B. cepacia by commercial systems were repeatedly recovered from 19 CF patients. The taxonomy approach used in this study showed that 17 of the 19 patients were colonized by B. cepacia complex strains. Genomovar III (11 strains) was the most prevalent genomovar. Two strains of genomovar I, one B. stabilis (genomovar IV), one B. multivorans (genomovar II), and 4 strains of B. anthina (genomovar VIII) were also identified. This is the first report of multiple patient colonization by B. anthina in a CF center. The epidemiological and genetic relatedness as well as the presence of molecular markers associated with virulence and transmissibility of the B. cepacia complex strains were determined and probable patient-to-patient spread was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petrucca
- Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
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81
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Gilljam M, Moltyaner Y, Downey GP, Devlin R, Durie P, Cantin AM, Zielenski J, Tullis DE. Airway inflammation and infection in congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 169:174-9. [PMID: 14551163 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200304-558oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In cystic fibrosis (CF), airway disease begins early in life. Bacteria and elevated levels of neutrophils and inflammatory mediators have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from infants with CF. Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are common in men with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) and it has been suggested that this syndrome represents a mild form of CF. We hypothesized that men with CBAVD also have subclinical pulmonary disease. Bronchoscopy with BAL, viral and quantitative bacterial cultures, and analyses of total and differential cell count, cytokines, and free neutrophil elastase was performed in eight men with CBAVD, who had mutations in the CFTR and intermediate or elevated sweat chloride levels, and in four healthy control subjects. There was light growth of Staphylococcus aureus in one of eight men with CBAVD, and small numbers of opportunistic gram-negative bacteria in six of eight men with CBAVD and in one control subject. BAL cell counts and neutrophil elastase were within the normal range. Interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were higher for men with CBAVD than for control subjects. These data suggest that mutations in the CFTR in men with CBAVD, in addition to causing infertility, lead to subclinical bacterial pulmonary infection and inflammation consistent with mild CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Gilljam
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, Sweden
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82
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Detsika MG, Corkill JE, Magalhães M, Glendinning KJ, Hart CA, Winstanley C. Molecular typing of, and distribution of genetic markers among, Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:4148-53. [PMID: 12958239 PMCID: PMC193793 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.9.4148-4153.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR tests were used to assign genomovar status to 39 non-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) and 11 CF Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from patients in hospitals in Recife, Brazil. Non-CF isolates were assigned to genomovar IIIA (71.8%), genomovar I (15.4%), B. vietnamiensis (7.7%), and B. multivorans (5.1%). CF isolates were assigned to genomovar IIIA (18.2%), B. vietnamiensis (18.2%), and genomovar I (9.1%). Six CF isolates sharing recA PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns could not be assigned to a genomovar. 16S rDNA sequence obtained from these isolates indicated a closest relationship to B. anthina, but the recA sequence was equally divergent from several genomovars. PCR screening indicated the presence of cblA in only two isolates, whereas the B. cepacia epidemic strain marker was found in 22 of 28 genomovar IIIA isolates. A type III secretion gene was detected in all but genomovar I isolates. RAPD and PCR-RFLP assays, targeting both recA and fliC, indicated a large amount of genetic variability among the isolates, with many novel patterns being observed. Nine genomovar IIIA isolates from different non-CF patients and clinical sources had identical genotypes, indicating the presence of a common clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Detsika
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, United Kingdom
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83
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Coenye T, Vandamme P. Diversity and significance of Burkholderia species occupying diverse ecological niches. Environ Microbiol 2003; 5:719-29. [PMID: 12919407 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 543] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Burkholderia are versatile organisms that occupy a surprisingly wide range of ecological niches. These bacteria are exploited for biocontrol, bioremediation and plant growth promotion purposes, but safety issues regarding human infections, especially in cystic fibrosis patients, have not been solved. This minireview gives an overview of the taxonomic and ecological diversity of the genus with particular emphasis on strains belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex and addresses the important question whether 'good' and 'bad' strains are actually the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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84
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Coenye T, Vandamme P, LiPuma JJ. Ralstonia respiraculi sp. nov., isolated from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:1339-1342. [PMID: 13130016 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02440-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Five isolates recovered from the respiratory tract of cystic fibrosis patients were included in a polyphasic taxonomic study that employed 16S rDNA sequence analysis, cellular protein and fatty acid analysis and biochemical characterization. Four isolates were classified as a novel Ralstonia species, for which the name Ralstonia respiraculi sp. nov. is proposed; the other isolate was phylogenetically closely related to R. respiraculi, but is likely to represent another novel Ralstonia species. The type strain of R. respiraculi is AU3313(T) (=LMG 21510(T)=CCUG 46809(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Med. Ctr Dr, MSRB III, Rm 8323, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0646, USA
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - John J LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Med. Ctr Dr, MSRB III, Rm 8323, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0646, USA
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85
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Kidd TJ, Bell SC, Coulter C. Genomovar diversity amongst Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from an Australian adult cystic fibrosis unit. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 22:434-7. [PMID: 12884074 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-003-0949-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combination of recA-based PCR assays and 16S rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to determine the genomovar diversity of clinical Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates. Twenty-eight isolates were prospectively collected from patients attending a large Australian adult cystic fibrosis (CF) unit, 22 isolates were referred from other Australian CF units and a further eight isolates originated from patients without CF. The 28 prospectively collected isolates were distributed amongst the following genomovars: Burkholderia cepacia genomovar I (28.6%), Burkholderia multivorans (21.4%), Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III (39.3%), Burkholderia vietnamiensis(3.6%) and Burkholderia ambifaria (7.1%). The results of this study highlight the usefulness of 16S rDNA RFLP typing for the identification of other Burkholderia spp. and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kidd
- Department of Microbiology, Queensland Health Pathology Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Brisbane, 4032 Queensland, Australia.
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86
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Magalhães M, Doherty C, Govan JRW, Vandamme P. Polyclonal outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteraemia in haemodialysis patients. J Hosp Infect 2003; 54:120-3. [PMID: 12818585 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a polyclonal outbreak of bacteraemia involving 24 patients at a haemodialysis facility in Recife (Brazil). During the outbreak period (4 June to 11 July, 2001), three Burkholderia cepacia complex strains were isolated from human blood and from various water samples collected at different sites in the haemodialysis unit and from dialysate fluids. Out of 14 patients with positive blood cultures, six were infected by Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: three with Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III, two with a first strain of Burkholderia vietnamiensis, and one with the Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III strain and a second B. vietnamiensis strain.
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87
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Stryjewski ME, LiPuma JJ, Messier RH, Reller LB, Alexander BD. Sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death due to Pandoraea pnomenusa infection after lung transplantation. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:2255-7. [PMID: 12734295 PMCID: PMC154699 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.5.2255-2257.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30-year-old man died with Pandoraea pnomenusa sepsis after lung transplantation. Pandoraea species are gram-negative rods, closely related to, and commonly misidentified as, Burkholderia cepacia complex or Ralstonia species. Heretofore considered soil bacteria and colonizers that infect patients with chronic lung diseases, Pandoraea species can produce severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Stryjewski
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
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88
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Ramisse V, Balandreau J, Thibault F, Vidal D, Vergnaud G, Normand P. DNA-DNA hybridization study of Burkholderia species using genomic DNA macro-array analysis coupled to reverse genome probing. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:739-746. [PMID: 12807195 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at simplifying procedures to delineate species and identify isolates based on DNA-DNA reassociation. DNA macro-arrays harbouring genomic DNA of reference strains of several Burkholderia species were produced. Labelled genomic DNA, hybridized to such an array, allowed multiple relative pairwise comparisons. Based on the relative DNA-DNA relatedness values, a complete data matrix was constructed and the ability of the method to discriminate strains belonging to different species was assessed. This simple approach led successfully to the discrimination of Burkholderia mallei from Burkholderia pseudomallei, but also discriminated Burkholderia cepacia genomovars I and III, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia pyrrocinia, Burkholderia stabilis and Burkholderia vietnamiensis. Present data showed a sufficient degree of congruence with previous DNA-DNA reassociation techniques. As part of a polyphasic taxonomic scheme, this straightforward approach is proposed to improve species definition, especially for application in the rapid screening necessary for large numbers of clinical or environmental isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ramisse
- Centre d'Etudes du Bouchet (CEB), BP3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France
| | - Jacques Balandreau
- Écologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS, Bât. 741, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - François Thibault
- Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, BP87, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France
| | - Dominique Vidal
- Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, BP87, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Centre d'Etudes du Bouchet (CEB), BP3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France
| | - Philippe Normand
- Écologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS, Bât. 741, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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89
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Vandamme P, Holmes B, Coenye T, Goris J, Mahenthiralingam E, LiPuma JJ, Govan JRW. Burkholderia cenocepacia sp. nov.--a new twist to an old story. Res Microbiol 2003; 154:91-6. [PMID: 12648723 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA-DNA hybridisation experiments between isolates representing Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III recA lineages IIIA and IIIB reinforced the classification of both phylogenetic subgroups as a single genospecies, distinct from B. cepacia (genomovar I). A formal classification of B. cepacia genomovar III encompassing the recA lineages IIIA and IIIB, and the new recA lineages IIIC and IIID, as B. cenocepacia sp. nov., with LMG 16656 as the type strain, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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90
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Matsuzaka E, Nomura N, Maseda H, Otagaki H, Nakajima-Kambe T, Nakahara T, Uchiyama H. Participation of Nitrite Reductase in Conversion of NO2- to NO3- in a Heterotrophic Nitrifier, Burkholderia cepacia NH-17, with Denitrification Activity. Microbes Environ 2003. [DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.18.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hideaki Maseda
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba
| | | | | | | | - Hiroo Uchiyama
- Institute of Applied Biochemistry, University of Tsukuba
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91
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92
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Magalhães M, de Britto MCA, Vandamme P. Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III and Burkholderia vietnamiensis double infection in a cystic fibrosis child. J Cyst Fibros 2002; 1:292-4. [PMID: 15463830 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(02)00101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a case of a cystic fibrosis child who was simultaneously infected with Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III and Burkholderia vietnamiensis. After antimicrobial therapy only B. cepacia genomovar III persisted.
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93
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Storms V, van den Vreken N, Gillis M, Vandamme P. Evaluation of tRNA intergenic length polymorphism (tDNA-pCR) for the differentiation of the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Syst Appl Microbiol 2002; 25:376-85. [PMID: 12421075 DOI: 10.1078/0723-2020-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, tentative identification of B. cepacia complex bacteria in routine diagnostic laboratories is based on a combination of selective media, conventional biochemical reactions, commercial test systems and PCR-based assays. Some of these assays have the capacity to discriminate reliably among several members of the B. cepacia complex, however one single method differentiating all B. cepacia-like organisms is not available. In this study, the applicability of tDNA-PCR for the differentiation and rapid identification of the different members of the B. cepacia complex was evaluated. For B. gladioli and most of the B. cepacia genomovars, differentiable patterns were obtained. For some of the members of the B. cepacia complex however, the tDNA-PCR patterns were very similar and sometimes multiple patterns existed within in a single genomovar. No distinction could be made between the tDNA-PCR patterns of B. vietnamiensis and B. pyrrocinia and of B. cepacia genomovars I and VIII respectively. We could conclude that, although tDNA-PCR is not sufficient as a single method to identify all the members of the B. cepacia complex unambiguously or to replace the currently used methods, it is a very fast and easily applicable method that could be a very useful tool for the differentiation and identification of B. cepacia-like organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Storms
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gent, Belgium.
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94
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Drevínek P, Hrbácková H, Cinek O, Bartosová J, Nyc O, Nemec A, Pohunek P. Direct PCR detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex and identification of its genomovars by using sputum as source of DNA. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3485-8. [PMID: 12202599 PMCID: PMC130775 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.9.3485-3488.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a nested PCR assay that detects the recA gene of the Burkholderia cepacia complex in sputum. The product of the first PCR round is also used to identify the genomovar of the pathogen. The protocol achieves high sensitivity and specificity with simple interpretation of genomovar status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Drevínek
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical School of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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95
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Crowley D, Daly M, Lucey B, Shine P, Collins JJ, Cryan B, Moore JE, Murphy P, Buckley G, Fanning S. Molecular epidemiology of cystic fibrosis-linked Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from three national referral centres in Ireland. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:992-1004. [PMID: 11972706 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01612.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Burkholderia cepacia is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with increasing morbidity and mortality and is readily transmitted among infected cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The B. cepacia complex consists of five distinct subgroups, termed genomovars. A collection of 17 presumptive B. cepacia isolates, obtained from three national CF referral centres located in different geographical regions in Ireland, was studied. The aim of this study was to investigate these isolates using molecular subtyping protocols for evidence of genetic relationships and for the presence of antibiotic resistance-encoding class 1 integron structures. METHODS AND RESULTS Genomovar classifications were assigned to each isolate based on HaeIII enzyme profiles of their recA locus. Genetic relationships among this collection were also assessed after restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-mediated analysis of the 16S rDNA locus and DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF). The surface expression of the cable pilus gene (cblA) may facilitate an early step in the infection process. All isolates were tested by amplification strategies for this marker. Burkholderia cepacia is known to be resistant to several antimicrobial agents. Resistance typing showed that the majority were resistant to three or more common antimicrobial agents. Five of the 17 isolates were resistant to sulphonamide, a characteristic linked with the presence of class 1 integrons. Gene cassettes containing beta-lactamase (oxa) and aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac(6')-1a) encoding genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction amplification. CONCLUSIONS Most of the isolates in this study were classified as genomovar III and were indistinguishable based on their corresponding 16S rDNA-RFLP profiles, whilst DAF further subtyped the collection. The cblA marker was identified in 47% of the isolates, many of which clustered in the genomovar III group. Class 1 integrons with recombined gene cassettes containing bla-OXA and aac(6')-1a genes were identified. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates the application of molecular methods to investigate B. cepacia, a well-recognized human pathogen, cultured from Irish CF patients. Genomovar III was the most common genomic type identified. DNA fingerprinting further subtyped the latter isolates, facilitating a more detailed description of the molecular epidemiology. Drug resistance in these organisms can be explained, at least in part, by the presence of class 1 integrons. Development of targeted infection control strategies could be facilitated using these applied methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Crowley
- Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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96
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da Silva Filho LVF, Velloso LDF, Bento CNO, Gytin E, Tateno AF, Levi JE, Rodrigues JC, Ramos SRTS. Use of selective medium for Burkholderia cepacia isolation in respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2002; 44:203-8. [PMID: 12219111 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652002000400004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia colonizes cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We evaluated the impact of the use of a selective medium in the rate of B. cepacia recovery from respiratory samples of CF patients. During a 6-month period, respiratory samples were collected from 106 CF patients and cultivated on selective media including a B. cepacia selective medium. Confirmation of the identity of B. cepacia isolates was carried out by species specific PCR and determination of genomovar status performed by a sequential PCR approach. Results of B. cepacia isolation during this period were compared to the preceding two years, when the sample processing was identical except for the lack of the B. cepacia selective medium. B. cepacia was isolated in 11/257 (4.2%) of the samples using the selective medium, in contrast with the preceding two years, when it was isolated in 6/1029 samples (0.58%), p < 0.0001. Identity of all 11 isolates was confirmed by PCR and genomovar determination was accomplished in all but one isolate. These results suggest that the use of a selective medium increases recovery rate of B. cepacia from respiratory samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz V F da Silva Filho
- Instituto da Criança Prof. Pedro de Alcântara, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
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97
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Coenye T, Vandamme P, LiPuma JJ. Infection by Ralstonia species in cystic fibrosis patients: identification of R. pickettii and R. mannitolilytica by polymerase chain reaction. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:692-6. [PMID: 12095436 PMCID: PMC2730328 DOI: 10.3201/eid0807.010472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of respiratory tract infections caused by Ralstonia species in persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the role of these species in CF pulmonary disease are not well documented. In part, this lack of documentation may be attributed to the difficulty in accurately identifying Ralstonia species; R. mannitolilytica and R. pickettii in particular may be misidentified as other closely related species, particularly those of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. We used polyphasic analyses to identify 42 Ralstonia isolates from sputum cultures from 38 CF patients. Several isolates that could not be identified to the species level may belong to novel Ralstonia species. We demonstrated chronic colonization by using genotyping of serial isolates recovered from the same patient. To facilitate identification of R. mannitolilytica and R. pickettii, we developed 16S ribosomal DNA-based polymerase chain reaction assays that allow sensitive and specific identification of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Coenye
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, 48109-0646, USA.
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98
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Vandamme P, Henry D, Coenye T, Nzula S, Vancanneyt M, LiPuma JJ, Speert DP, Govan JRW, Mahenthiralingam E. Burkholderia anthina sp. nov. and Burkholderia pyrrocinia, two additional Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria, may confound results of new molecular diagnostic tools. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2002; 33:143-9. [PMID: 12052570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2002.tb00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen Burkholderia cepacia-like isolates of human and environmental origin could not be assigned to one of the seven currently established genomovars using recently developed molecular diagnostic tools for B. cepacia complex bacteria. Various genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were examined. The results of this polyphasic study allowed classification of the 19 isolates as an eighth B. cepacia complex genomovar (Burkholderia anthina sp. nov.) and to design tools for its identification in the diagnostic laboratory. In addition, new and published data for Burkholderia pyrrocinia indicated that this soil bacterium is also a member of the B. cepacia complex. This highlights another potential source for diagnostic problems with B. cepacia-like bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vandamme
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
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99
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Brisse S, Stefani S, Verhoef J, Van Belkum A, Vandamme P, Goessens W. Comparative evaluation of the BD Phoenix and VITEK 2 automated instruments for identification of isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1743-8. [PMID: 11980954 PMCID: PMC130956 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.5.1743-1748.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated two new automated identification systems, the BD Phoenix (Becton Dickinson) and the VITEK 2 (bioMérieux), for identification of isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). The test sample included 42 isolates of the highly virulent and epidemic genomovar III, 45 isolates of B. multivorans, and 47 isolates of other members of the BCC. Rates of correct identification by the BD Phoenix and VITEK 2 were similar when all BCC isolates were considered (50 and 53%, respectively) but differed markedly for genomovar III (71 and 38%; P < 0.01) and for B. multivorans (58 and 89%; P < 0.001). For the BD Phoenix as well as the VITEK 2, taking all 134 isolates of the BCC together, rates of correct identification of clinical isolates (56 and 55%, respectively; n = 85) were higher than those of environmental isolates (21 and 39%, respectively; n = 28). Clinical isolates of genomovar III (n = 27) showed correct identification rates of 81% (BD Phoenix) and 48% (VITEK 2) (P < 0.01). Rates of misidentification for BD Phoenix and VITEK 2 were 9 and 17% for genomovar III, 22 and 7% for B. multivorans, and 36 and 13% for the other BCC members (P < 0.01), respectively. More than half of the isolates misidentified by each instrument were identified as Ralstonia pickettii, Ralstonia paucula (CDC IV C-2 group), Alcaligenes faecalis, Achromobacter spp., or, for the VITEK 2, "various nonfermenters." This study reemphasizes that confirmatory identification of BCC, preferably by molecular methods, is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Brisse
- Eijkman-Winkler Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, AZU G04.614, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Heath DG, Hohneker K, Carriker C, Smith K, Routh J, LiPuma JJ, Aris RM, Weber D, Gilligan PH. Six-year molecular analysis of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates among cystic fibrosis patients at a referral center for lung transplantation. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1188-93. [PMID: 11923329 PMCID: PMC140335 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.4.1188-1193.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a 6-year period, Burkholderia cepacia complex species were isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients receiving care at The University of North Carolina Hospitals (clinic CF patients) and from those referred from other treatment centers. Fifty-six isolates collected from 30 referred patients and 26 clinic CF patients were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and were assayed by PCR to detect the cable pilin gene, cblA. PFGE results indicated that six separate clusters (clusters A to F) were present among the 56 isolates and that three clusters (clusters A, B, and E) consisted only of isolates from referred patients infected with B. cepacia complex isolates prior to referral. However, one cluster (cluster C) consisted of isolates from four CF patients, and hospital records indicate that this cluster began with an isolate that came from a referred patient and that spread to three clinic CF patients. Cluster D consisted of two isolates from clinic CF patients, and hospitalization records are consistent with nosocomial, patient-to-patient spread. cblA was present in only 4 of the 56 isolates and included isolates in cluster E from the referred patients. Our results indicate a lack of spread of a previously characterized, transmissible clone from referred patients to our clinic CF population. Only two instances of nosocomial, patient-to-patient spread could be documented over the 6-year period. An additional spread of an isolate (cluster F) from a referred patient to a clinic patient could not be documented as nosocomial and may have been the result of spread in a nonhospitalized setting. The majority (36 of 56) of our B. cepacia complex-infected CF patients harbor isolates with unique genotypes, indicating that a diversity of sources account for infection. These data suggest that CF patients infected with B. cepacia complex and referred for lung transplantation evaluation were not a major source of B. cepacia complex strains that infected our resident CF clinic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Heath
- Clinical Microbiology-Immunology Laboratories, University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill 27514, USA
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