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Wang C, Zhang Y, Han L, Guo L, Zhong H, Wang J. Hemin ameliorates influenza pneumonia by attenuating lung injury and regulating the immune response. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 49:45-52. [PMID: 27884416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The anti-influenza activity of hemin, an inducer, activator and the substrate of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), was examined both in vitro and in vivo. The human lung carcinoma cell line A549 was used to evaluate the in vitro effect of hemin on influenza A virus (IAV) replication. A mouse model was used to examine the in vivo activity of hemin. Observation indexes included survival rate and body weight of mice, virus load and pathological examination of the lungs, and characterization of the systemic and local immune responses. The results showed that hemin could induce HO-1 expression in A549 cells and inhibit IAV replication in vitro. The in vivo results showed that injection of hemin could protect mice from death and body weight loss caused by IAV infection. Hemin was administered both at initial and progressive stages of influenza pneumonia (1 day and 4 days after virus infection, respectively) and showed significant anti-influenza activity under both conditions. However, the results showed that although hemin could induce HO-1 expression in vivo, it could not inhibit IAV replication in vivo. Pathological examination showed that hemin significantly attenuated lung tissue injury caused by IAV. Further study showed that hemin could regulate the immune response to IAV infection by reducing lymphocytopenia and local inflammatory cytokine increases caused by IAV infection. This study shows that hemin has the potential for the treatment of IAV infection and its effect may be due to attenuation of lung injury and regulation of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - LianLian Han
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Li Guo
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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52
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Fedson DS. Treating the host response to emerging virus diseases: lessons learned from sepsis, pneumonia, influenza and Ebola. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:421. [PMID: 27942512 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing threat of epidemic or pandemic diseases that could be caused by influenza, Ebola or other emerging viruses. It will be difficult and costly to develop new drugs that target each of these viruses. Statins and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been effective in treating patients with sepsis, pneumonia and influenza, and a statin/ARB combination appeared to dramatically reduce mortality during the recent Ebola outbreak. These drugs target (among other things) the endothelial dysfunction found in all of these diseases. Most scientists work on new drugs that target viruses, and few accept the idea of treating the host response with generic drugs. A great deal of research will be needed to show conclusively that these drugs work, and this will require the support of public agencies and foundations. Investigators in developing countries should take an active role in this research. If the next Public Health Emergency of International Concern is caused by an emerging virus, a "top down" approach to developing specific new drug treatments is unlikely to be effective. However, a "bottom up" approach to treatment that targets the host response to these viruses by using widely available and inexpensive generic drugs could reduce mortality in any country with a basic health care system. In doing so, it would make an immeasurable contribution to global equity and global security.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Fedson
- Formerly, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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53
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Xiao S, Du T, Wang X, Ni H, Yan Y, Li N, Zhang C, Zhang A, Gao J, Liu H, Pu F, Zhang G, Zhou EM. MiR-22 promotes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by targeting the host factor HO-1. Vet Microbiol 2016; 192:226-230. [PMID: 27527787 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important viruses affecting the swine industry worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in virus-host interactions by regulating the expression of viral or host gene at posttranscriptional level. Our previous research showed that PRRSV infection down-regulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a pivotal cytoprotective enzyme, and overexpression of HO-1 inhibits PRRSV replication. In this study, we demonstrate that host miRNA miR-22 can downregulate HO-1 expression by directly targeting its 3' untranslated region. Suppression of HO-1 expression by miR-22 facilitates PRRSV replication. This work suggests that PRRSV may utilize cellular miRNA to modify antiviral host factor expression, enabling viral replication, which not only provides new insights into virus-host interactions during PRRSV infection, but also suggests potential therapies for PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Taofeng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Huaibao Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Yunhuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Jiming Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Hongliang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Fengxing Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China.
| | - En-Min Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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54
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Crawford DR. Commentary on "Rupestonic acid derivative YZH-106 suppresses influenza virus replication by activation of heme oxygenase-1-mediated interferon response" by Ma et al. [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 96 (2016) 347-361]. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:465-6. [PMID: 27208786 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dana R Crawford
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, United States
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55
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Ma LL, Wang HQ, Wu P, Hu J, Yin JQ, Wu S, Ge M, Sun WF, Zhao JY, Aisa HA, Li YH, Jiang JD. Rupestonic acid derivative YZH-106 suppresses influenza virus replication by activation of heme oxygenase-1-mediated interferon response. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:347-61. [PMID: 27107768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Given the limitation of available antiviral drugs and vaccines, there remains to be a pressing need for novel anti-influenza drugs. Rupestonic acid derivatives were reported to have an anti-influenza virus activity, but their mechanism remains to be elucidated. Herein, we aim to evaluate the antiviral activity of YZH-106, a rupestonic acid derivative, against a broad-spectrum of influenza viruses and to dissect its antiviral mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that YZH-106 exhibited a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against influenza viruses, including drug-resistant strains in vitro. Furthermore, YZH-106 provided partial protection of the mice to Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, as judged by decreased viral load in lungs, improved lung pathology, reduced body weight loss and partial survival benefits. Mechanistically, YZH-106 induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, which led to the activation of erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that up-regulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in addition to other genes. HO-1 inhibited IAV replication by activation of type I IFN expression and subsequent induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), possibly in a HO-1 enzymatic activity-independent manner. These results suggest that YZH-106 inhibits IAV by up-regulating HO-1-mediated IFN response. HO-1 is thus a promising host target for antiviral therapeutics against influenza and other viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jin-Qiu Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Miao Ge
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wen-Fang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiang-Yu Zhao
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Anti-infective Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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56
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Scharn CR, Collins AC, Nair VR, Stamm CE, Marciano DK, Graviss EA, Shiloh MU. Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates Inflammation and Mycobacterial Survival in Human Macrophages during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 196:4641-9. [PMID: 27183573 PMCID: PMC4875857 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is responsible for 1.5 million deaths annually. We previously showed that M. tuberculosis infection in mice induces expression of the CO-producing enzyme heme oxygenase (HO1) and that CO is sensed by M. tuberculosis to initiate a dormancy program. Further, mice deficient in HO1 succumb to M. tuberculosis infection more readily than do wild-type mice. Although mouse macrophages control intracellular M. tuberculosis infection through several mechanisms, such as NO synthase, the respiratory burst, acidification, and autophagy, how human macrophages control M. tuberculosis infection remains less well understood. In this article, we show that M. tuberculosis induces and colocalizes with HO1 in both mouse and human tuberculosis lesions in vivo, and that M. tuberculosis induces and colocalizes with HO1 during primary human macrophage infection in vitro. Surprisingly, we find that chemical inhibition of HO1 both reduces inflammatory cytokine production by human macrophages and restricts intracellular growth of mycobacteria. Thus, induction of HO1 by M. tuberculosis infection may be a mycobacterial virulence mechanism to enhance inflammation and bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn R Scharn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Angela C Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Vidhya R Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Chelsea E Stamm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Michael U Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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57
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Huang H, Zhou ZH, Adhikari R, Yamada KM, Dhawan S. Defective iron homeostasis in human immunodeficiency virus type-1 latency. CURRENT TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 17:125-131. [PMID: 28824260 PMCID: PMC5562369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly improved the life of HIV-1-infected individuals, yet complete eradication of HIV-1 reservoirs (i.e., latently infected cells) remains a major challenge. We have previously shown that induction of the endogenous cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by its natural substrate hemin reduces susceptibility of T cells and macrophages to HIV-1 infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that hemin treatment stimulated virus production by latently infected ACH-2 cells, followed by cellular toxicity and death when stimulated with TNF-α or co-cultured with monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). This cytotoxicity was associated with low levels of the iron-binding protein ferritin and the iron transporter ferroportin with lack of hemoglobin catabolic enzyme HO-1, resulting in substantial iron accumulation in the activated ACH-2 cells. Defective iron homeostasis in ACH-2 cells provides a model system for selective targeting of the latent HIV-1 reservoir by hemin-induced iron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxia Huang
- Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhou
- Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rewati Adhikari
- Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Subhash Dhawan
- Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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58
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Huang H, Konduru K, Solovena V, Zhou ZH, Kumari N, Takeda K, Nekhai S, Bavari S, Kaplan GG, Yamada KM, Dhawan S. Therapeutic potential of the heme oxygenase-1 inducer hemin against Ebola virus infection. CURRENT TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 17:117-123. [PMID: 28133423 PMCID: PMC5267496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Promising drugs to treat Ebola virus (EBOV) infection are currently being developed, but so far none has shown efficacy in clinical trials. Drugs that can stimulate host innate defense responses may retard the progression of EBOV disease. We report here the dramatic effect of hemin, the natural inducer of the heme catabolic enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in the reduction of EBOV replication. Treatment of primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), Vero E6 cells, HeLa cells, and human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF1) with hemin reduced EBOV infection by >90%, and showed minimal toxicity to infected cells. Inhibition of HO-1 enzymatic activity and silencing HO-1 expression prevented the hemin-mediated suppression of EBOV infection, suggesting an important role for induction of this intracellular mediator in restricting EBOV replication. The inverse correlation between hemin-induced HO-1 and EBOV replication provides a potentially useful therapeutic modality based on the stimulation of an innate cellular response against Ebola infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxia Huang
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Veronica Solovena
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Zhao-Hua Zhou
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Namita Kumari
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Center for Sickle Cell Disease, Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC
| | - Sina Bavari
- Molecular and Translational Sciences Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Kenneth M. Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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59
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Heme Oxygenase-1 Suppresses Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Replication in vitro. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15575. [PMID: 26510767 PMCID: PMC4625146 DOI: 10.1038/srep15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral cycle progression depends upon host-cell processes in infected cells, and this is true for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), the causative agent of BVD that is a worldwide threat to the bovine industry. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a ubiquitously expressed inducible isoform of the first and rate-limiting enzyme for heme degradation. Recent studies have demonstrated that HO-1 has significant antiviral properties, inhibiting the replication of viruses such as ebola virus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. However, the function of HO-1 in BVDV infection is unclear. In the present study, the relationship between HO-1 and BVDV was investigated. In vitro analysis of HO-1 expression in BVDV-infected MDBK cells demonstrated that a decrease in HO-1 as BVDV replication increased. Increasing HO-1 expression through adenoviral-mediated overexpression or induction with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP, a potent HO-1 inducer), pre- and postinfection, effectively inhibited BVDV replication. In contrast, HO-1 siRNA knockdown in BVDV-infected cells increased BVDV replication. Therefore, the data were consistent with HO-1 acting as an anti-viral factor and these findings suggested that induction of HO-1 may be a useful prevention and treatment strategy against BVDV infection.
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60
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Kumari N, Kulkarni AA, Lin X, McLean C, Ammosova T, Ivanov A, Hipolito M, Nekhai S, Nwulia E. Inhibition of HIV-1 by curcumin A, a novel curcumin analog. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5051-60. [PMID: 26366056 PMCID: PMC4562762 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of combination antiretroviral therapy at curtailing HIV progression, emergence of drug-resistant viruses, chronic low-grade inflammation, and adverse effects of combination antiretroviral therapy treatments, including metabolic disorders collectively present the impetus for development of newer and safer antiretroviral drugs. Curcumin, a phytochemical compound, was previously reported to have some in vitro anti-HIV and anti-inflammatory activities, but poor bioavailability has limited its clinical utility. To circumvent the bioavailability problem, we derivatized curcumin to sustain retro-aldol decomposition at physiological pH. The lead compound derived, curcumin A, showed increased stability, especially in murine serum where it was stable for up to 25 hours, as compared to curcumin that only had a half-life of 10 hours. Both curcumin and curcumin A showed similar inhibition of one round of HIV-1 infection in cultured lymphoblastoid (also called CEM) T cells (IC50=0.7 μM). But in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells, curcumin A inhibited HIV-1 more potently (IC50=2 μM) compared to curcumin (IC50=12 μM). Analysis of specific steps of HIV-1 replication showed that curcumin A inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcription, but had no effect on HIV-1 long terminal repeat basal or Tat-induced transcription, or NF-κB-driven transcription at low concentrations that affected reverse transcription. Finally, we showed curcumin A induced expression of HO-1 and decreased cell cycle progression of T cells. Our findings thus indicate that altering the core structure of curcumin could yield more stable compounds with potent antiretroviral and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namita Kumari
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Xionghao Lin
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charlee McLean
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tatiana Ammosova
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrey Ivanov
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maria Hipolito
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sergei Nekhai
- Department of Medicine, Center for Sickle Cell Disease, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Evaristus Nwulia
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
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61
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Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Deficiency and Associated Glutamate-Mediated Neurotoxicity Is a Highly Conserved HIV Phenotype of Chronic Macrophage Infection That Is Resistant to Antiretroviral Therapy. J Virol 2015; 89:10656-67. [PMID: 26269184 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01495-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Expression of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is significantly reduced in the brain prefrontal cortex of HIV-positive individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Furthermore, this HO-1 deficiency correlates with brain viral load, markers of macrophage activation, and type I interferon responses. In vitro, HIV replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) selectively reduces HO-1 protein and RNA expression and induces production of neurotoxic levels of glutamate; correction of this HO-1 deficiency reduces neurotoxic glutamate production without an effect on HIV replication. We now demonstrate that macrophage HO-1 deficiency, and the associated neurotoxin production, is a conserved feature of infection with macrophage-tropic HIV-1 strains that correlates closely with the extent of replication, and this feature extends to HIV-2 infection. We further demonstrate that this HO-1 deficiency does not depend specifically upon the HIV-1 accessory genes nef, vpr, or vpu but rather on HIV replication, even when markedly limited. Finally, antiretroviral therapy (ART) applied to MDM after HIV infection is established does not prevent HO-1 loss or the associated neurotoxin production. This work defines a predictable relationship between HIV replication, HO-1 loss, and neurotoxin production in MDM that likely reflects processes in place in the HIV-infected brains of individuals receiving ART. It further suggests that correcting this HO-1 deficiency in HIV-infected MDM could provide neuroprotection above that provided by current ART or proposed antiviral therapies directed at limiting Nef, Vpr, or Vpu functions. The ability of HIV-2 to reduce HO-1 expression suggests that this is a conserved phenotype among macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency viruses that could contribute to neuropathogenesis. IMPORTANCE The continued prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) underscores the need for adjunctive therapy that targets the neuropathological processes that persist in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-infected individuals. To this end, we previously identified one such possible process, a deficiency of the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brains of individuals with HAND. In the present study, our findings suggest that the HO-1 deficiency associated with excess glutamate production and neurotoxicity in HIV-infected macrophages is a highly conserved phenotype of macrophage-tropic HIV strains and that this phenotype can persist in the macrophage compartment in the presence of ART. This suggests a plausible mechanism by which HIV infection of brain macrophages in ART-treated individuals could exacerbate oxidative stress and glutamate-induced neuronal injury, each of which is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction in infected individuals. Thus, therapies that rescue the HO-1 deficiency in HIV-infected individuals could provide additional neuroprotection to ART.
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Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Is an Inducible Host Factor That Regulates Virus Egress during Ebola Virus Infection. J Virol 2015; 89:10399-406. [PMID: 26246577 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01736-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ebola virus (EBOV) initially targets monocytes and macrophages, which can lead to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. These inflammatory cytokines are thought to contribute to the development of circulatory shock seen in fatal EBOV infections. The VP40 matrix protein is a key viral structural protein that is critical for virion egress. Physical and functional interactions between VP40 and host proteins such as Tsg101 and Nedd4 facilitate efficient release of VP40-driven virus-like particles (VLPs) and infectious virus. Here, we show that host suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) can also bind to EBOV VP40, leading to enhanced ubiquitinylation and egress of VP40. Indeed, titers of infectious EBOV derived from SOCS3 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were significantly reduced compared to those from wild-type (WT) MEFs at 24 and 48 h postinfection. Importantly, this reduced virus yield could be rescued back to WT levels by exogenously expressing SOCS3. Lastly, we show that SOCS3 expression is induced by EBOV glycoprotein (GP) expression and that VLPs containing EBOV VP40 and GP induced production of proinflammatory cytokines, which induced SOCS3 for negative-feedback regulation. These data indicate that host innate immune protein SOCS3 may play an important role in budding and pathogenesis of EBOV. IMPORTANCE The VP40 matrix protein is a key structural protein critical for Ebola virus budding. Physical and functional interactions between VP40 and host proteins such as Tsg101 and Nedd4 facilitate efficient release of VLPs and infectious virus. We reported that host TLR4 is a sensor for Ebola GP on VLPs and that the resultant TLR4 signaling pathways lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Host SOCS3 regulates the innate immune response by controlling and limiting the proinflammatory response through negative-feedback inhibition of cytokine receptors. We present evidence that Ebola virus VLPs stimulate induction of SOCS3 as well as proinflammatory cytokines, and that expression of human SOCS3 enhances budding of Ebola VLPs and infectious virus via a mechanism linked to the host ubiquitinylation machinery.
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Takeda K, Adhikari R, Yamada KM, Dhawan S. Hemin activation of innate cellular response blocks human immunodeficiency virus type-1-induced osteoclastogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:7-12. [PMID: 25998388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The normal skeletal developmental and homeostatic process termed osteoclastogenesis is exacerbated in numerous pathological conditions and causes excess bone loss. In cancer and HIV-1-infected patients, this disruption of homeostasis results in osteopenia and eventual osteoporesis. Counteracting the factors responsible for these metabolic disorders remains a challenge for preventing or minimizing this co-morbidity associated with these diseases. In this report, we demonstrate that a hemin-induced host protection mechanism not only suppresses HIV-1 associated osteoclastogenesis, but it also exhibits anti-osteoclastogenic activity for non-infected cells. Since the mode of action of hemin is both physiological and pharmacological through induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an endogenous host protective response to an FDA-licensed therapeutic used to treat another disease, our study suggests an approach to developing novel, safe and effective therapeutic strategies for treating bone disorders, because hemin administration in humans has previously met required FDA safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rewati Adhikari
- Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Subhash Dhawan
- Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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64
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Rivera A, Messaoudi I. Pathophysiology of Ebola Virus Infection: Current Challenges and Future Hopes. ACS Infect Dis 2015; 1:186-97. [PMID: 27622648 PMCID: PMC7443712 DOI: 10.1021/id5000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are among the deadliest viruses that cause disease in humans, with reported case fatality rates of up to 90% in some outbreaks. The high virulence of EBOV and MARV is largely attributed to the ability of these viruses to interfere with the host immune response. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or postexposure therapeutics, and treatment options for patients infected with EBOV are limited to supportive care. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of EBOV pathogenesis and its ability to subvert host immunity as well as several vaccines and therapeutics with respect to their evaluation in small animal models, nonhuman primates, and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rivera
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA
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65
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Basler CF. Innate immune evasion by filoviruses. Virology 2015; 479-480:122-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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66
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MicroRNA miR-24-3p promotes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication through suppression of heme oxygenase-1 expression. J Virol 2015; 89:4494-503. [PMID: 25653454 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02810-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most economically important viruses affecting the swine industry worldwide. Our previous research showed that PRRSV downregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a pivotal cytoprotective enzyme, postinfection and that overexpression of HO-1 inhibits PRRSV replication. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and have recently been demonstrated to play vital roles in pathogen-host interactions. The present study sought to determine whether microRNAs modulate HO-1 expression and, by doing so, regulate PRRSV replication. Using bioinformatic prediction and experimental verification, we demonstrate that HO-1 expression is regulated by miR-24-3p. A direct interaction between miR-24-3p and HO-1 mRNA was confirmed using a number of approaches. Overexpression of miR-24-3p significantly decreased HO-1 mRNA and protein levels. PRRSV infection induced miR-24-3p expression to facilitate viral replication. The suppressive effect of HO-1 induction by protoporphyrin IX cobalt chloride (CoPP; a classical inducer of HO-1 expression) on PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells and primary porcine alveolar macrophages could also be reversed by overexpression of miR-24-3p. Collectively, these results suggested that miR-24-3p promotes PRRSV replication through suppression of HO-1 expression, which not only provides new insights into virus-host interactions during PRRSV infection but also suggests potential new antiviral strategies against PRRSV infection. IMPORTANCE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play vital roles in viral infections by regulating the expression of viral or host genes at the posttranscriptional level. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a pivotal cytoprotective enzyme, has antiviral activity for a number of viruses, such as Ebola virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and our focus, PRRSV, which causes great economic losses each year in the swine industry worldwide. Here, we show that PRRSV infection induces host miRNA miR-24-3p expression and that miR-24-3p regulates HO-1 expression through both mRNA degradation and translation repression. Suppression of HO-1 expression by miR-24-3p facilitates PRRSV replication. This work lends credibility to the hypothesis that an arterivirus can manipulate cellular miRNAs to enhance virus replication by regulating antiviral responses following viral infection. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of PRRSV.
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Anderson G, Maes M, Markus RP, Rodriguez M. Ebola virus: Melatonin as a readily available treatment option. J Med Virol 2015; 87:537-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland and London; Eccleston Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Michael Maes
- Impact Strategic Treatment Center; Deakin University; Geelong Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; Faculty of Medicine; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Health Sciences Graduate Program; Health Sciences Center; State University of Londrina; Brazil
| | - Regina P. Markus
- Lab Chronopharmacology; Department of Physiology; Institute of Bioscience; University de S; ã; o Paulo; Brazil
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology; Department of Neurology; Mayo Clinic; Rochester New York
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68
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De Clercq E. Ebola virus (EBOV) infection: Therapeutic strategies. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:1-10. [PMID: 25481298 PMCID: PMC7110990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Within less than a year after its epidemic started (in December 2013) in Guinea, Ebola virus (EBOV), a member of the filoviridae, has spread over a number of West-African countries (Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia) and gained allures that have been unprecedented except by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although EBOV is highly contagious and transmitted by direct contact with body fluids, it could be counteracted by the adequate chemoprophylactic and -therapeutic interventions: vaccines, antibodies, siRNAs (small interfering RNAs), interferons and chemical substances, i.e. neplanocin A derivatives (i.e. 3-deazaneplanocin A), BCX4430, favipiravir (T-705), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) α-glucosidase inhibitors and a variety of compounds that have been found to inhibit EBOV infection blocking viral entry or by a mode of action that still has to be resolved. Much has to be learned from the mechanism of action of the compounds active against VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus), a virus belonging to the rhabdoviridae, that in its mode of replication could be exemplary for the replication of filoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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69
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Meseda CA, Srinivasan K, Wise J, Catalano J, Yamada KM, Dhawan S. Non-coding RNAs and heme oxygenase-1 in vaccinia virus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 454:84-8. [PMID: 25450361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) are <200 nucleotide non-coding uridylate-rich RNAs. Although the functions of many snRNAs remain undetermined, a population of snRNAs is produced during the early phase of infection of cells by vaccinia virus. In the present study, we demonstrate a direct correlation between expression of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), suppression of selective snRNA expression, and inhibition of vaccinia virus infection of macrophages. Hemin induced HO-1 expression, completely reversed virus-induced host snRNA expression, and suppressed vaccinia virus infection. This involvement of specific virus-induced snRNAs and associated gene clusters suggests a novel HO-1-dependent host-defense pathway in poxvirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement A Meseda
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kumar Srinivasan
- Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Jennifer Catalano
- Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kenneth M Yamada
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Subhash Dhawan
- Division of Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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Hoenen T, Feldmann H. Reverse genetics systems as tools for the development of novel therapies against filoviruses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:1253-63. [PMID: 25169588 PMCID: PMC11014685 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.948848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Filoviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fevers with case fatality rates of up to 90%, for which no antivirals are currently available. Their categorization as biosafety level 4 agents restricts work with infectious viruses to a few maximum containment laboratories worldwide, which constitutes a significant obstacle for the development of countermeasures. Reverse genetics facilitates the generation of recombinant filoviruses, including reporter-expressing viruses, which have been increasingly used for drug screening and development in recent years. Further, reverse-genetics based lifecycle modeling systems allow modeling of the filovirus lifecycle without the need for a maximum containment laboratory and have recently been optimized for use in high-throughput assays. The availability of these reverse genetics-based tools will significantly improve our ability to find novel antivirals against filoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hoenen
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Division of Intramural Research, Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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71
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Xiao S, Zhang A, Zhang C, Ni H, Gao J, Wang C, Zhao Q, Wang X, Wang X, Ma C, Liu H, Li N, Mu Y, Sun Y, Zhang G, Hiscox JA, Hsu WH, Zhou EM. Heme oxygenase-1 acts as an antiviral factor for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection and over-expression inhibits virus replication in vitro. Antiviral Res 2014; 110:60-9. [PMID: 25086213 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Virus replication depends upon host-cell processes in infected cells, and this is true for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), the causative agent of PRRS that is a worldwide threat to the swine industry. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a ubiquitously expressed inducible isoform of the first and rate-limiting enzyme for heme degradation. Our previous research suggested that HO-1 may play an important role in PRRSV infection. However, the function of HO-1 in PRRSV infection is unclear. In the present study, Marc-145, PK-15(CD163) cell lines and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) were used to evaluate the effects of HO-1 induction and over-expression on the replication of two different PRRSV strains. Induction of HO-1 markedly decreased the replication of PRRSV strains in the different cells. Similarly, adenoviral-mediated over-expression of HO-1 also greatly decreased the replication of PRRSV. In contrast, ablation of HO-1 using small interfering RNA concomitantly increased PRRSV replication. Therefore, the data were consistent with HO-1 acting as an antiviral factor and these findings suggested that over-expression or induction of HO-1 may provide a potential therapeutic strategy against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Angke Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huaibo Ni
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiming Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chengbao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yang Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yani Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - En-Min Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Veterinary Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Small-molecule probes targeting the viral PPxY-host Nedd4 interface block egress of a broad range of RNA viruses. J Virol 2014; 88:7294-306. [PMID: 24741084 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00591-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Budding of filoviruses, arenaviruses, and rhabdoviruses is facilitated by subversion of host proteins, such as Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase, by viral PPxY late (L) budding domains expressed within the matrix proteins of these RNA viruses. As L domains are important for budding and are highly conserved in a wide array of RNA viruses, they represent potential broad-spectrum targets for the development of antiviral drugs. To identify potential competitive blockers, we used the known Nedd4 WW domain-PPxY interaction interface as the basis of an in silico screen. Using PPxY-dependent budding of Marburg (MARV) VP40 virus-like particles (VLPs) as our model system, we identified small-molecule hit 1 that inhibited Nedd4-PPxY interaction and PPxY-dependent budding. This lead candidate was subsequently improved with additional structure-activity relationship (SAR) analog testing which enhanced antibudding activity into the nanomolar range. Current lead compounds 4 and 5 exhibit on-target effects by specifically blocking the MARV VP40 PPxY-host Nedd4 interaction and subsequent PPxY-dependent egress of MARV VP40 VLPs. In addition, lead compounds 4 and 5 exhibited antibudding activity against Ebola and Lassa fever VLPs, as well as vesicular stomatitis and rabies viruses (VSV and RABV, respectively). These data provide target validation and suggest that inhibition of the PPxY-Nedd4 interaction can serve as the basis for the development of a novel class of broad-spectrum, host-oriented antivirals targeting viruses that depend on a functional PPxY L domain for efficient egress. IMPORTANCE There is an urgent and unmet need for the development of safe and effective therapeutics against biodefense and high-priority pathogens, including filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg) and arenaviruses (e.g., Lassa and Junin) which cause severe hemorrhagic fever syndromes with high mortality rates. We along with others have established that efficient budding of filoviruses, arenaviruses, and other viruses is critically dependent on the subversion of host proteins. As disruption of virus budding would prevent virus dissemination, identification of small-molecule compounds that block these critical viral-host interactions should effectively block disease progression and transmission. Our findings provide validation for targeting these virus-host interactions as we have identified lead inhibitors with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. In addition, such inhibitors might prove useful for newly emerging RNA viruses for which no therapeutics would be available.
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Edwards MR, Johnson B, Mire CE, Xu W, Shabman RS, Speller LN, Leung DW, Geisbert TW, Amarasinghe GK, Basler CF. The Marburg virus VP24 protein interacts with Keap1 to activate the cytoprotective antioxidant response pathway. Cell Rep 2014; 6:1017-1025. [PMID: 24630991 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase specificity factor that targets transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) for ubiquitination and degradation. Disrupting Keap1-Nrf2 interaction stabilizes Nrf2, resulting in Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs), and transcription of cytoprotective genes. Marburg virus (MARV) is a zoonotic pathogen that likely uses bats as reservoir hosts. We demonstrate that MARV protein VP24 (mVP24) binds the Kelch domain of either human or bat Keap1. This binding is of high affinity and 1:1 stoichiometry and activates Nrf2. Modeling based on the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) VP24 (eVP24) structure identified in mVP24 an acidic loop (K-loop) critical for Keap1 interaction. Transfer of the K-loop to eVP24, which otherwise does not bind Keap1, confers Keap1 binding and Nrf2 activation, and infection by MARV, but not EBOV, activates ARE gene expression. Therefore, MARV targets Keap1 to activate Nrf2-induced cytoprotective responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Edwards
- Department Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Britney Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chad E Mire
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reed S Shabman
- Department Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lauren N Speller
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Gaya K Amarasinghe
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Department Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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