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Miyatake S, Schneeberger S, Koyama N, Yokochi K, Ohmura K, Shiina M, Mori H, Koshimizu E, Imagawa E, Uchiyama Y, Mitsuhashi S, Frith MC, Fujita A, Satoh M, Taguri M, Tomono Y, Takahashi K, Doi H, Takeuchi H, Nakashima M, Mizuguchi T, Takata A, Miyake N, Saitsu H, Tanaka F, Ogata K, Hennet T, Matsumoto N. Biallelic COLGALT1 variants are associated with cerebral small vessel disease. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:843-853. [PMID: 30412317 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 5% of cerebral small vessel diseases are hereditary, which include COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. COL4A1/COL4A2 encode type IV collagen α1/2 chains in the basement membranes of cerebral vessels. COL4A1/COL4A2 mutations impair the secretion of collagen to the extracellular matrix, thereby resulting in vessel fragility. The diagnostic yield for COL4A1/COL4A2 variants is around 20 to 30%, suggesting other mutated genes might be associated with this disease. This study aimed to identify novel genes that cause COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in 2 families with suspected COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. We validated the role of COLGALT1 variants by constructing a 3-dimensional structural model, evaluating collagen β (1-O) galactosyltransferase 1 (ColGalT1) protein expression and ColGalT activity by Western blotting and collagen galactosyltransferase assays, and performing in vitro RNA interference and rescue experiments. RESULTS Exome sequencing demonstrated biallelic variants in COLGALT1 encoding ColGalT1, which was involved in the post-translational modification of type IV collagen in 2 unrelated patients: c.452 T > G (p.Leu151Arg) and c.1096delG (p.Glu366Argfs*15) in Patient 1, and c.460G > C (p.Ala154Pro) and c.1129G > C (p.Gly377Arg) in Patient 2. Three-dimensional model analysis suggested that p.Leu151Arg and p.Ala154Pro destabilized protein folding, which impaired enzymatic activity. ColGalT1 protein expression and ColGalT activity in Patient 1 were undetectable. RNA interference studies demonstrated that reduced ColGalT1 altered COL4A1 secretion, and rescue experiments showed that mutant COLGALT1 insufficiently restored COL4A1 production in cells compared with wild type. INTERPRETATION Biallelic COLGALT1 variants cause cerebral small vessel abnormalities through a common molecular pathogenesis with COL4A1/COL4A2-related disorders. Ann Neurol 2018;84:843-853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Norihisa Koyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Yokochi
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kayo Ohmura
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Morinomiya Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shiina
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Harushi Mori
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eri Imagawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Martin C Frith
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.,Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mai Satoh
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tomono
- Division of Molecular and Cell Biology, Shigei Medical Research Institute, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keita Takahashi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Tanaka
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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52
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Ye X, He L, Ma J, Li Y, Zhang M, Yang J, Zhang J, Xiao F, Wei H. Downregulation of Glt25d1 aggravates carbon tetrachloride‑induced acute hepatic injury through activation of the TGF‑β1/Smad2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3611-3618. [PMID: 30132521 PMCID: PMC6131360 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen β (1-O) galactosyltransferase 1 (GLT25D1) has been reported to transfer galactose to hydroxylysine residues via β (1-O) linkages in collagen. The present study investigated the function of the collagen galactosyltransferase activity of GLT25D1 against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in vitro. Glt25d1+/− mice and wild-type (WT) mice were injected intraperitoneally with the same dose of CCl4. The grade of hepatic injury and the extent of hepatocyte necrosis in the acute phase were assessed 48 h following CCl4 injection. Hepatocyte necrosis was evaluated by histological examination and by serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, which were higher in the Glt25d1+/− mice compared with those in the WT mice. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed, and the results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were significantly increased in the Glt25d1+/− mice. Furthermore, western blot analyses were performed, and the results demonstrated that the protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and −9 were also markedly increased in the Glt25d1+/− liver, indicating that hepatocyte apoptosis was induced. Additionally, the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad)2 were markedly upregulated, indicating activation of the TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway during CCl4-induced acute liver injury in Glt25d1+/− mice. CCl4 administration also resulted in severe damage to Glt25d1+/− primary hepatocytes in vitro. Taken together, the downregulation of Glt25d1 deteriorated CCl4-induced liver injury in mice, which may involve triggering inflammatory responses, apoptosis and TGF-β1/Smad2 signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Lingling He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Changping Hospital, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Manka Zhang
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Junru Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Institute of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Hongshan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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53
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Optimizing Genomic Methods for Mapping and Identification of Candidate Variants in ENU Mutagenesis Screens Using Inbred Mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:401-409. [PMID: 29208648 PMCID: PMC5919724 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Positional cloning of ENU-induced mutations has traditionally relied on analysis of polymorphic variation between two strains. In contrast, the application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has enabled gene discovery in mutant lines maintained on an inbred genetic background. This approach utilizes genetic variation derived from ENU-induced variants for mapping and reduces the likelihood of phenotypic variation, making it an ideal method for genetic modifier screening. Here, we describe the results of such a screen, wherein we determined the minimal number of mutant genomic DNA samples to include in our analyses and improved the sensitivity of our screen by individually barcoding each genomic DNA library. We present several unique cases to illustrate this approach's efficacy, including the discovery of two distinct mutations that generate essentially identical mutant phenotypes, the ascertainment of a non-ENU-induced candidate variant through homozygosity mapping, and an approach for the identification of putative dominant genetic modifiers.
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54
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Abstract
Intratumoral fibrosis results from the deposition of a cross-linked collagen matrix by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This type of fibrosis has been shown to exert mechanical forces and create a biochemical milieu that, together, shape intratumoral immunity and influence tumor cell metastatic behavior. In this Review, we present recent evidence that CAFs and tumor cells are regulated by provisional matrix molecules, that metastasis results from a change in the type of stromal collagen cross-link, and that fibrosis and inflammation perpetuate each other through proteolytic and chemotactic mediators released into the tumor stroma. We also discuss aspects of the emerging biology that have potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas H Barker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology and.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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55
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Abstract
Fibrillar collagens represent the most abundant extracellular matrix proteins in vertebrates providing tissues and organs with form, stability, and connectivity. For such mechanical functions, the formation of covalent intermolecular cross-linking between molecules is essential. This process, the final posttranslational modification during collagen biosynthesis, is initiated by conversion of specific lysine and hydroxylysine residues to the respective aldehydes by the action of lysyl oxidases. This conversion triggers a series of condensation reactions with the juxtaposed lysine-aldehyde, lysine, hydroxylysine, and histidine residues within the same and neighboring molecules resulting in di-, tri-, and tetravalent cross-links. Elastin, another class of extracellular matrix protein, is also stabilized by the lysyl oxidase-mediated mechanism but involving only lysine residues leading to the formation of unique tetravalent cross-links. This chapter presents an overview of fibrillar collagen cross-linking, and the analytical methods for collagen and elastin cross-links we have developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| | - Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Shiiba
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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56
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Amar S, Smith L, Fields GB. Matrix metalloproteinase collagenolysis in health and disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1940-1951. [PMID: 28456643 PMCID: PMC5605394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of collagen (collagenolysis) is critical in development and homeostasis, but also contributes to numerous pathologies. Mammalian interstitial collagenolytic enzymes include members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family and cathepsin K. While MMPs have long been recognized for their ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of collagen, the roles of individual MMPs in physiological and pathological collagenolysis are less defined. The use of knockout and mutant animal models, which reflect human diseases, has revealed distinct collagenolytic roles for MT1-MMP and MMP-13. A better understanding of temporal and spatial collagen processing, along with the knowledge of the specific MMP involved, will ultimately lead to more effective treatments for cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular conditions, and infectious diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Matrix Metalloproteinases edited by Rafael Fridman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Amar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Lyndsay Smith
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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57
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Terajima M, Taga Y, Cabral WA, Nagasawa M, Sumida N, Hattori S, Marini JC, Yamauchi M. Cyclophilin B Deficiency Causes Abnormal Dentin Collagen Matrix. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2914-2923. [PMID: 28696707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CypB) is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein that regulates collagen folding, and also contributes to prolyl 3-hydroxylation (P3H) and lysine (Lys) hydroxylation of collagen. In this study, we characterized dentin type I collagen in CypB null (KO) mice, a model of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta type IX, and compared to those of wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (Het) mice. Mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated that the extent of P3H in KO collagen was significantly diminished compared to WT/Het. Lys hydroxylation in KO was significantly diminished at the helical cross-linking sites, α1/α2(I) Lys-87 and α1(I) Lys-930, leading to a significant increase in the under-hydroxylated cross-links and a decrease in fully hydroxylated cross-links. The extent of glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues was, except α1(I) Lys-87, generally higher in KO than WT/Het. Some of these molecular phenotypes were distinct from other KO tissues reported previously, indicating the dentin-specific control mechanism through CypB. Histological analysis revealed that the width of predentin was greater and irregular, and collagen fibrils were sparse and significantly smaller in KO than WT/Het. These results indicate a critical role of CypB in dentin matrix formation, suggesting a possible association between recessive osteogenesis imperfecta and dentin defects that have not been clinically detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Terajima
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Wayne A Cabral
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Masako Nagasawa
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Noriko Sumida
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Joan C Marini
- Section on Heritable Disorders of Bone and Extracellular Matrix, NICHD, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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58
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Wang T, Lew J, Premkumar J, Poh CL, Win Naing M. Production of recombinant collagen: state of the art and challenges. ENGINEERING BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1049/enb.2017.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Bio‐Manufacturing Programme Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore
| | - Jiewei Lew
- Bio‐Manufacturing Programme Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore
| | - Jayaraman Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Bio‐Manufacturing Programme Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology Singapore
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Collagen beta (1- O) galactosyltransferase 1 (GLT25D1) is required for the secretion of high molecular weight adiponectin and affects lipid accumulation. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170105. [PMID: 28428430 PMCID: PMC5434890 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretion of high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is dependent on post-translational modification (PTM) of conserved lysines in the collagenous domain. The present study aims to characterize the enzymes responsible for the PTM of conserved lysines which leads to HMW adiponectin secretion, and to define its significance in relation to obesity. Collagen beta (1-O) galactosyltransferase 1 (GLT25D1) was knocked down in HEK cells modified for the stable expression of adiponectin (adiponectin expressing human embryonic kidney cells, Adipo-HEK) as well as in Simpson Golabi-Behmel-Syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Knockdown of GLT25D1 caused a significant decrease in HMW adiponectin in Adipo-HEK cells with no change in total adiponectin. Knockdown in the SGBS cells caused an increase in lipid accumulation yet inhibited adipogenesis. Co-immunoprecipitation with adiponectin and mass spectrometry showed that adiponectin formed a protein complex with lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) and GLT25D1. Transient overexpression of GLT25D1 showed that the intracellular retention of LH3 was dependent on GLT25D1. To determine whether changes in GLT25D1 were significant in obesity, mice were fed a standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 weeks. GLT25D1 was significantly decreased in mice fed HFD which coincided with a decrease in HMW adiponectin. We conclude that GLT25D1 regulates HMW adiponectin secretion and lipid accumulation, consistent with changes in mice after high-fat feeding. These results suggest a novel function of GLT25D1 leading to decreased HMW adiponectin secretion in early obesity.
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60
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Kim SK, Roos TR, Roos AK, Kleimeyer JP, Ahmed MA, Goodlin GT, Fredericson M, Ioannidis JPA, Avins AL, Dragoo JL. Genome-wide association screens for Achilles tendon and ACL tears and tendinopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170422. [PMID: 28358823 PMCID: PMC5373512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy or rupture and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture are substantial injuries affecting athletes, associated with delayed recovery or inability to return to competition. To identify genetic markers that might be used to predict risk for these injuries, we performed genome-wide association screens for these injuries using data from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort consisting of 102,979 individuals. We did not find any single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with either of these injuries with a p-value that was genome-wide significant (p<5x10-8). We found, however, four and three polymorphisms with p-values that were borderline significant (p<10-6) for Achilles tendon injury and ACL rupture, respectively. We then tested SNPs previously reported to be associated with either Achilles tendon injury or ACL rupture. None showed an association in our cohort with a false discovery rate of less than 5%. We obtained, however, moderate to weak evidence for replication in one case; specifically, rs4919510 in MIR608 had a p-value of 5.1x10-3 for association with Achilles tendon injury, corresponding to a 7% chance of false replication. Finally, we tested 2855 SNPs in 90 candidate genes for musculoskeletal injury, but did not find any that showed a significant association below a false discovery rate of 5%. We provide data containing summary statistics for the entire genome, which will be useful for future genetic studies on these injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart K. Kim
- Department Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Roos
- Department Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
- Department Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew K. Roos
- Department Developmental Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
- Department Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
| | - John P. Kleimeyer
- Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
| | - Marwa A. Ahmed
- Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle T. Goodlin
- College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove CA, United States of America
| | - Michael Fredericson
- Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
| | - John P. A. Ioannidis
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, United States of America
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Avins
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Dragoo
- Department Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford CA, United States of America
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61
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Corfield A. Eukaryotic protein glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:119-147. [PMID: 28012131 PMCID: PMC5306191 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins undergo co- and posttranslational modifications, and their glycosylation is the most frequent and structurally variegated type. Histochemically, the detection of glycan presence has first been performed by stains. The availability of carbohydrate-specific tools (lectins, monoclonal antibodies) has revolutionized glycophenotyping, allowing monitoring of distinct structures. The different types of protein glycosylation in Eukaryotes are described. Following this educational survey, examples where known biological function is related to the glycan structures carried by proteins are given. In particular, mucins and their glycosylation patterns are considered as instructive proof-of-principle case. The tissue and cellular location of glycoprotein biosynthesis and metabolism is reviewed, with attention to new findings in goblet cells. Finally, protein glycosylation in disease is documented, with selected examples, where aberrant glycan expression impacts on normal function to let disease pathology become manifest. The histological applications adopted in these studies are emphasized throughout the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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62
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Gjaltema RAF, Bank RA. Molecular insights into prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation of fibrillar collagens in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 52:74-95. [PMID: 28006962 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2016.1269716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is a macromolecule that has versatile roles in physiology, ranging from structural support to mediating cell signaling. Formation of mature collagen fibrils out of procollagen α-chains requires a variety of enzymes and chaperones in a complex process spanning both intracellular and extracellular post-translational modifications. These processes include modifications of amino acids, folding of procollagen α-chains into a triple-helical configuration and subsequent stabilization, facilitation of transportation out of the cell, cleavage of propeptides, aggregation, cross-link formation, and finally the formation of mature fibrils. Disruption of any of the proteins involved in these biosynthesis steps potentially result in a variety of connective tissue diseases because of a destabilized extracellular matrix. In this review, we give a revised overview of the enzymes and chaperones currently known to be relevant to the conversion of lysine and proline into hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, respectively, and the O-glycosylation of hydroxylysine and give insights into the consequences when these steps are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger A F Gjaltema
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Bank
- a MATRIX Research Group, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology , University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands
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63
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Ito S, Nagata K. Biology of Hsp47 (Serpin H1), a collagen-specific molecular chaperone. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:142-151. [PMID: 27838364 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hsp47, a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is indispensable for molecular maturation of collagen. Hsp47, which is encoded by the SERPINH1 gene, belongs to the serpin family and has the serpin fold; however, it has no serine protease inhibitory activity. Hsp47 transiently binds to procollagen in the ER, dissociates in the cis-Golgi or ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in a pH-dependent manner, and is then transported back to the ER via its RDEL retention sequence. Hsp47 recognizes collagenous (Gly-Xaa-Arg) repeats on triple-helical procollagen and can prevent local unfolding and/or aggregate formation of procollagen. Gene disruption of Hsp47 in mice causes embryonic lethality due to impairments in basement membrane and collagen fibril formation. In Hsp47-knockout cells, the type I collagen triple helix forms abnormally, resulting in thin and frequently branched fibrils. Secretion of type I collagens is slow and plausible in making aggregates of procollagens in the ER of hsp47-knocked out fibroblasts, which are ultimately degraded by autophagy. Mutations in Hsp47 are causally associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. Expression of Hsp47 is strongly correlated with expression of collagens in multiple types of cells and tissues. Therefore, Hsp47 represents a promising target for treatment of collagen-related disorders, including fibrosis of the liver, lung, and other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ito
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
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64
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Zhang X, Wang Y. Glycosylation Quality Control by the Golgi Structure. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3183-3193. [PMID: 26956395 PMCID: PMC4983240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous modification that occurs on proteins and lipids in all living cells. Consistent with their high complexity, glycans play crucial biological roles in protein quality control and recognition events. Asparagine-linked protein N-glycosylation, the most complex glycosylation, initiates in the endoplasmic reticulum and matures in the Golgi apparatus. This process not only requires an accurate distribution of processing machineries, such as glycosyltransferases, glycosidases, and nucleotide sugar transporters, but also needs an efficient and well-organized factory that is responsible for the fidelity and quality control of sugar chain processing. In addition, accurate glycosylation must occur in coordination with protein trafficking and sorting. These activities are carried out by the Golgi apparatus, a membrane organelle in the center of the secretory pathway. To accomplish these tasks, the Golgi has developed into a unique stacked structure of closely aligned, flattened cisternae in which Golgi enzymes reside; in mammalian cells, dozens of Golgi stacks are often laterally linked into a ribbon-like structure. Here, we review our current knowledge of how the Golgi structure is formed and why its formation is required for accurate glycosylation, with the focus on how the Golgi stacking factors GRASP55 and GRASP65 generate the Golgi structure and how the conserved oligomeric Golgi complex maintains Golgi enzymes in different Golgi subcompartments by retrograde protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 830 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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65
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Baumann S, Hennet T. Collagen Accumulation in Osteosarcoma Cells lacking GLT25D1 Collagen Galactosyltransferase. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:18514-24. [PMID: 27402836 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.723379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen is post-translationally modified by prolyl and lysyl hydroxylation and subsequently by glycosylation of hydroxylysine. Despite the widespread occurrence of the glycan structure Glc(α1-2)Gal linked to hydroxylysine in animals, the functional significance of collagen glycosylation remains elusive. To address the role of glycosylation in collagen expression, folding, and secretion, we used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to inactivate the collagen galactosyltransferase GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes in osteosarcoma cells. Loss of GLT25D1 led to increased expression and intracellular accumulation of collagen type I, whereas loss of GLT25D2 had no effect on collagen secretion. Inactivation of the GLT25D1 gene resulted in a compensatory induction of GLT25D2 expression. Loss of GLT25D1 decreased collagen glycosylation by up to 60% but did not alter collagen folding and thermal stability. Whereas cells harboring individually inactivated GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes could be recovered and maintained in culture, cell clones with simultaneously inactive GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 genes could be not grown and studied, suggesting that a complete loss of collagen glycosylation impairs osteosarcoma cell proliferation and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Baumann
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Hennet
- From the Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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66
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Terajima M, Taga Y, Chen Y, Cabral WA, Hou-Fu G, Srisawasdi S, Nagasawa M, Sumida N, Hattori S, Kurie JM, Marini JC, Yamauchi M. Cyclophilin-B Modulates Collagen Cross-linking by Differentially Affecting Lysine Hydroxylation in the Helical and Telopeptidyl Domains of Tendon Type I Collagen. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9501-12. [PMID: 26934917 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.699470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent intermolecular cross-linking provides collagen fibrils with stability. The cross-linking chemistry is tissue-specific and determined primarily by the state of lysine hydroxylation at specific sites. A recent study on cyclophilin B (CypB) null mice, a model of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta, demonstrated that lysine hydroxylation at the helical cross-linking site of bone type I collagen was diminished in these animals (Cabral, W. A., Perdivara, I., Weis, M., Terajima, M., Blissett, A. R., Chang, W., Perosky, J. E., Makareeva, E. N., Mertz, E. L., Leikin, S., Tomer, K. B., Kozloff, K. M., Eyre, D. R., Yamauchi, M., and Marini, J. C. (2014) PLoS Genet 10, e1004465). However, the extent of decrease appears to be tissue- and molecular site-specific, the mechanism of which is unknown. Here we report that although CypB deficiency resulted in lower lysine hydroxylation in the helical cross-linking sites, it was increased in the telopeptide cross-linking sites in tendon type I collagen. This resulted in a decrease in the lysine aldehyde-derived cross-links but generation of hydroxylysine aldehyde-derived cross-links. The latter were absent from the wild type and heterozygous mice. Glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues was moderately increased in the CypB null tendon. We found that CypB interacted with all lysyl hydroxylase isoforms (isoforms 1-3) and a putative lysyl hydroxylase-2 chaperone, 65-kDa FK506-binding protein. Tendon collagen in CypB null mice showed severe size and organizational abnormalities. The data indicate that CypB modulates collagen cross-linking by differentially affecting lysine hydroxylation in a site-specific manner, possibly via its interaction with lysyl hydroxylases and associated molecules. This study underscores the critical importance of collagen post-translational modifications in connective tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Terajima
- From the North Carolina Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuki Taga
- the Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Yulong Chen
- the Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Wayne A Cabral
- the Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Guo Hou-Fu
- the Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Sirivimol Srisawasdi
- the Departments of Operative Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, and
| | - Masako Nagasawa
- the Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Noriko Sumida
- From the North Carolina Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Shunji Hattori
- the Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- the Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Joan C Marini
- the Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- From the North Carolina Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,
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67
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Basak T, Vega-Montoto L, Zimmerman LJ, Tabb DL, Hudson BG, Vanacore RM. Comprehensive Characterization of Glycosylation and Hydroxylation of Basement Membrane Collagen IV by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 15:245-58. [PMID: 26593852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collagen IV is the main structural protein that provides a scaffold for assembly of basement membrane proteins. Posttranslational modifications such as hydroxylation of proline and lysine and glycosylation of lysine are essential for the functioning of collagen IV triple-helical molecules. These modifications are highly abundant posing a difficult challenge for in-depth characterization of collagen IV using conventional proteomics approaches. Herein, we implemented an integrated pipeline combining high-resolution mass spectrometry with different fragmentation techniques and an optimized bioinformatics workflow to study posttranslational modifications in mouse collagen IV. We achieved 82% sequence coverage for the α1 chain, mapping 39 glycosylated hydroxylysine, 148 4-hydroxyproline, and seven 3-hydroxyproline residues. Further, we employed our pipeline to map the modifications on human collagen IV and achieved 85% sequence coverage for the α1 chain, mapping 35 glycosylated hydroxylysine, 163 4-hydroxyproline, and 14 3-hydroxyproline residues. Although lysine glycosylation heterogeneity was observed in both mouse and human, 21 conserved sites were identified. Likewise, five 3-hydroxyproline residues were conserved between mouse and human, suggesting that these modification sites are important for collagen IV function. Collectively, these are the first comprehensive maps of hydroxylation and glycosylation sites in collagen IV, which lay the foundation for dissecting the key role of these modifications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayambak Basak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lorenzo Vega-Montoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lisa J Zimmerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - David L Tabb
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Billy G Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Roberto M Vanacore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, ‡Center for Matrix Biology, §Department of Biochemistry, and ⊥Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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68
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Isaacman-Beck J, Schneider V, Franzini-Armstrong C, Granato M. The lh3 Glycosyltransferase Directs Target-Selective Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Neuron 2015; 88:691-703. [PMID: 26549330 PMCID: PMC4655140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Functional PNS regeneration requires injured axons to return to their original synaptic targets, yet the mechanisms underlying target-selective regeneration have remained elusive. Using live-cell imaging in zebrafish we find that regenerating motor axons exhibit a strong preference for their original muscle territory and that axons probe both correct and incorrect trajectories extensively before selecting their original path. We show that this process requires the glycosyltransferase lh3 and that post-injury expression of lh3 in Schwann cells is sufficient to restore target-selective regeneration. Moreover, we demonstrate that Schwann cells neighboring the transection site express the lh3 substrate collagen4a5 and that during regeneration collagen4a5 destabilizes axons probing inappropriate trajectories to ensure target-selective regeneration, possibly through the axonal repellant slit1a. Our results demonstrate that selective ECM components match subpopulations of regenerating axons with their original targets and reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism that conveys synaptic target selection to regenerating axons in vivo. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Isaacman-Beck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Valerie Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Clara Franzini-Armstrong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6058, USA.
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69
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Stowell SR, Ju T, Cummings RD. Protein glycosylation in cancer. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:473-510. [PMID: 25621663 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 574] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation results in a wide variety of cellular alterations that impact the growth, survival, and general behavior of affected tissue. Although genetic alterations underpin the development of neoplastic disease, epigenetic changes can exert an equally significant effect on neoplastic transformation. Among neoplasia-associated epigenetic alterations, changes in cellular glycosylation have recently received attention as a key component of neoplastic progression. Alterations in glycosylation appear to not only directly impact cell growth and survival but also facilitate tumor-induced immunomodulation and eventual metastasis. Many of these changes may support neoplastic progression, and unique alterations in tumor-associated glycosylation may also serve as a distinct feature of cancer cells and therefore provide novel diagnostic and even therapeutic targets.
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70
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Corfield AP, Berry M. Glycan variation and evolution in the eukaryotes. Trends Biochem Sci 2015; 40:351-9. [PMID: 26002999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we document the evolution of common glycan structures in the eukaryotes, and illustrate the considerable variety of oligosaccharides existing in these organisms. We focus on the families of N- and O-glycans, glycosphingolipids, glycosaminoglycans, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, sialic acids (Sias), and cytoplasmic and nuclear glycans. We also outline similar and divergent aspects of the glycans during evolution within the groups, which include inter- and intraspecies differences, molecular mimicry, viral glycosylation adaptations, glycosyltransferase specificity relating to function, and the natural dynamism powering these events. Finally, we present an overview of the patterns of glycosylation found within the groups comprising the Eukaryota, namely the Deuterostomia, Fungi, Viridiplantae, Nematoda, and Arthropoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Monica Berry
- University of Bristol, School of Physics, Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1FD, UK.
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71
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Zhang L, Li MM, Corcoran M, Zhang S, Cooper GJS. Essential roles of insulin, AMPK signaling and lysyl and prolyl hydroxylases in the biosynthesis and multimerization of adiponectin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 399:164-77. [PMID: 25240468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the adiponectin molecule are essential for its full bioactivity, and defects in PTMs leading to its defective production and multimerization have been linked to the mechanisms of insulin resistance, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Here we observed that, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, decreased insulin signaling caused by blocking of insulin receptors (InsR) with an anti-InsR blocking antibody, increased rates of adiponectin secretion, whereas concomitant elevations in insulin levels counteracted this effect. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling regulated adiponectin production by modulating the expression of adiponectin receptors, the secretion of adiponectin, and eventually the expression of adiponectin itself. We found that lysyl hydroxylases (LHs) and prolyl hydroxylases (PHs) were expressed in white-adipose tissue of ob/ob mice, wherein LH3 levels were increased compared with controls. In differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, both non-specific inhibition of LHs and PHs by dipyridyl, and specific inhibition of LHs by minoxidil and of P4H with ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, caused significant suppression of adiponectin production, more particularly of the higher-order isoforms. Transient gene knock-down of LH3 (Plod3) caused a suppressive effect, especially on the high molecular-weight (HMW) isoforms. These data indicate that PHs and LHs are both required for physiological adiponectin production and in particular are essential for the formation/secretion of the HMW isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ming-Ming Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marie Corcoran
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Garth J S Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom; Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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72
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Risteli M, Ruotsalainen H, Bergmann U, Venkatraman Girija U, Wallis R, Myllylä R. Lysyl hydroxylase 3 modifies lysine residues to facilitate oligomerization of mannan-binding lectin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113498. [PMID: 25419660 PMCID: PMC4242627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) is a multifunctional protein with lysyl hydroxylase, galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase activities. The LH3 has been shown to modify the lysine residues both in collagens and also in some collagenous proteins. In this study we show for the first time that LH3 is essential for catalyzing formation of the glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysines of mannan-binding lectin (MBL), the first component of the lectin pathway of complement activation. Furthermore, loss of the terminal glucose units on the derivatized lysine residues in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking the LH3 protein leads to defective disulphide bonding and oligomerization of rat MBL-A, with a decrease in the proportion of the larger functional MBL oligomers. The oligomerization could be completely restored with the full length LH3 or the amino-terminal fragment of LH3 that possesses the glycosyltransferase activities. Our results confirm that LH3 is the only enzyme capable of glucosylating the galactosylhydroxylysine residues in proteins with a collagenous domain. In mice lacking the lysyl hydroxylase activity of LH3, but with untouched galactosyltransferase and glucosyltransferase activities, reduced circulating MBL-A levels were observed. Oligomerization was normal, however and residual lysyl hydroxylation was compensated in part by other lysyl hydroxylase isoenzymes. Our data suggest that LH3 is commonly involved in biosynthesis of collagenous proteins and the glucosylation of galactosylhydroxylysines residues by LH3 is crucial for the formation of the functional high-molecular weight MBL oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Risteli
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
| | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Russell Wallis
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raili Myllylä
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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73
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Kaku M, Yamauchi M. Mechano-regulation of collagen biosynthesis in periodontal ligament. J Prosthodont Res 2014; 58:193-207. [PMID: 25311991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) plays critical roles in the development and maintenance of periodontium such as tooth eruption and dissipation of masticatory force. The mechanical properties of PDL are mainly derived from fibrillar type I collagen, the most abundant extracellular component. The biosynthesis of type I collagen is a long, complex process including a number of intra- and extracellular post-translational modifications. The final modification step is the formation of covalent intra- and intermolecular cross-links that provide collagen fibrils with stability and connectivity. It is now clear that collagen post-translational modifications are regulated by groups of specific enzymes and associated molecules in a tissue-specific manner; and these modifications appear to change in response to mechanical force. This review focuses on the effect of mechanical loading on collagen biosynthesis and fibrillogenesis in PDL with emphasis on the post-translational modifications of collagens, which is an important molecular aspect to understand in the field of prosthetic dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kaku
- Division of Bioprosthodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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74
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Stawikowski MJ, Aukszi B, Stawikowska R, Cudic M, Fields GB. Glycosylation modulates melanoma cell α2β1 and α3β1 integrin interactions with type IV collagen. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21591-604. [PMID: 24958723 PMCID: PMC4118119 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.572073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although type IV collagen is heavily glycosylated, the influence of this post-translational modification on integrin binding has not been investigated. In the present study, galactosylated and nongalactosylated triple-helical peptides have been constructed containing the α1(IV)382-393 and α1(IV)531-543 sequences, which are binding sites for the α2β1 and α3β1 integrins, respectively. All peptides had triple-helical stabilities of 37 °C or greater. The galactosylation of Hyl(393) in α1(IV)382-393 and Hyl(540) and Hyl(543) in α1(IV)531-543 had a dose-dependent influence on melanoma cell adhesion that was much more pronounced in the case of α3β1 integrin binding. Molecular modeling indicated that galactosylation occurred on the periphery of α2β1 integrin interaction with α1(IV)382-393 but right in the middle of α3β1 integrin interaction with α1(IV)531-543. The possibility of extracellular deglycosylation of type IV collagen was investigated, but no β-galactosidase-like activity capable of collagen modification was found. Thus, glycosylation of collagen can modulate integrin binding, and levels of glycosylation could be altered by reduction in expression of glycosylation enzymes but most likely not by extracellular deglycosylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Stawikowski
- From the Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987 and
| | - Beatrix Aukszi
- the Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314
| | - Roma Stawikowska
- From the Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987 and
| | - Mare Cudic
- From the Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987 and
| | - Gregg B Fields
- From the Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, Florida 34987 and
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75
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Cabral WA, Perdivara I, Weis M, Terajima M, Blissett AR, Chang W, Perosky JE, Makareeva EN, Mertz EL, Leikin S, Tomer KB, Kozloff KM, Eyre DR, Yamauchi M, Marini JC. Abnormal type I collagen post-translational modification and crosslinking in a cyclophilin B KO mouse model of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004465. [PMID: 24968150 PMCID: PMC4072593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin B (CyPB), encoded by PPIB, is an ER-resident peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) that functions independently and as a component of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex. CyPB is proposed to be the major PPIase catalyzing the rate-limiting step in collagen folding. Mutations in PPIB cause recessively inherited osteogenesis imperfecta type IX, a moderately severe to lethal bone dysplasia. To investigate the role of CyPB in collagen folding and post-translational modifications, we generated Ppib−/− mice that recapitulate the OI phenotype. Knock-out (KO) mice are small, with reduced femoral areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone volume per total volume (BV/TV) and mechanical properties, as well as increased femoral brittleness. Ppib transcripts are absent in skin, fibroblasts, femora and calvarial osteoblasts, and CyPB is absent from KO osteoblasts and fibroblasts on western blots. Only residual (2–11%) collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation is detectable in KO cells and tissues. Collagen folds more slowly in the absence of CyPB, supporting its rate-limiting role in folding. However, treatment of KO cells with cyclosporine A causes further delay in folding, indicating the potential existence of another collagen PPIase. We confirmed and extended the reported role of CyPB in supporting collagen lysyl hydroxylase (LH1) activity. Ppib−/− fibroblast and osteoblast collagen has normal total lysyl hydroxylation, while increased collagen diglycosylation is observed. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of bone and osteoblast type I collagen revealed site-specific alterations of helical lysine hydroxylation, in particular, significantly reduced hydroxylation of helical crosslinking residue K87. Consequently, underhydroxylated forms of di- and trivalent crosslinks are strikingly increased in KO bone, leading to increased total crosslinks and decreased helical hydroxylysine- to lysine-derived crosslink ratios. The altered crosslink pattern was associated with decreased collagen deposition into matrix in culture, altered fibril structure in tissue, and reduced bone strength. These studies demonstrate novel consequences of the indirect regulatory effect of CyPB on collagen hydroxylation, impacting collagen glycosylation, crosslinking and fibrillogenesis, which contribute to maintaining bone mechanical properties. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is characterized by susceptibility to fractures from minimal trauma and growth deficiency. Deficiency of components of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex, CRTAP, P3H1 and CyPB, cause recessive types VII, VIII and IX OI, respectively. We have previously shown that mutual protection within the endoplasmic reticulum accounts for the overlapping severe phenotype of patients with CRTAP and P3H1 mutations. However, the bone dysplasia in patients with CyPB deficiency is distinct in terms of phenotype and type I collagen biochemistry. Using a knock-out mouse model of type IX OI, we have demonstrated that CyPB is the major, although not unique, peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in collagen folding. CyPB is also required for activity of the collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylation complex; collagen α1(I) P986 modification is lost in the absence of CyPB. Unexpectedly, CyPB was found to also influence collagen helical lysyl hydroxylation in a tissue-, cell- and residue-specific manner. Thus CyPB facilitates collagen folding directly, but also indirectly regulates collagen hydroxylation, glycosylation, crosslinking and fibrillogenesis through its interactions with other collagen modifying enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A. Cabral
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Irina Perdivara
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Masahiko Terajima
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela R. Blissett
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Weizhong Chang
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Perosky
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Elena N. Makareeva
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward L. Mertz
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sergey Leikin
- Section on Physical Biochemistry, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Kozloff
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David R. Eyre
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joan C. Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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76
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Marques C, Ferreira JMF, Andronescu E, Ficai D, Sonmez M, Ficai A. Multifunctional materials for bone cancer treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2713-25. [PMID: 24920907 PMCID: PMC4044993 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s55943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present the most recent findings in bone tissue engineering. Special attention is given to multifunctional materials based on collagen and collagen-hydroxyapatite composites used for skin and bone cancer treatments. The multi-functionality of these materials was obtained by adding to the base regenerative grafts proper components, such as ferrites (magnetite being the most important representative), cytostatics (cisplatin, carboplatin, vincristine, methotrexate, paclitaxel, doxorubicin), silver nanoparticles, antibiotics (anthracyclines, geldanamycin), and/or analgesics (ibuprofen, fentanyl). The suitability of complex systems for the intended applications was systematically analyzed. The developmental possibilities of multifunctional materials with regenerative and curative roles (antitumoral as well as pain management) in the field of skin and bone cancer treatment are discussed. It is worth mentioning that better materials are likely to be developed by combining conventional and unconventional experimental strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Marques
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José MF Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Sonmez
- National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Leather, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anton Ficai
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Küttner V, Mack C, Gretzmeier C, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Dengjel J. Loss of collagen VII is associated with reduced transglutaminase 2 abundance and activity. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2381-2389. [PMID: 24732400 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Absence of collagen VII leads to widespread cellular and tissue phenotypes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To gain insights into cellular responses to loss of collagen VII, we undertook a quantitative disease proteomics approach. By using recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a skin blistering disease caused by collagen VII deficiency, as a genetic model, collagen VII-dependent differences in cellular protein abundances and protein-protein interactions were analyzed. Absence of collagen VII led to alterations of intracellular protein compositions and to perturbations in cell adhesion, protein trafficking, and the turnover pathway autophagy. A potential linker of the different cellular phenotypes is transglutaminase 2 (TGM2), a multifunctional enzyme important for protein cross-linking. TGM2 was identified as a stable interaction partner of collagen VII. In RDEB, both abundance and activity of TGM2 were reduced, accounting not only for diminished adhesion and perturbed autophagy but also for reduced cross-linking of the extracellular matrix and for decreased epidermal-dermal integrity in RDEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Küttner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Mack
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Gretzmeier
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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78
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Solís D, Bovin NV, Davis AP, Jiménez-Barbero J, Romero A, Roy R, Smetana K, Gabius HJ. A guide into glycosciences: How chemistry, biochemistry and biology cooperate to crack the sugar code. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:186-235. [PMID: 24685397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most demanding challenge in research on molecular aspects within the flow of biological information is posed by the complex carbohydrates (glycan part of cellular glycoconjugates). How the 'message' encoded in carbohydrate 'letters' is 'read' and 'translated' can only be unraveled by interdisciplinary efforts. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review provides a didactic step-by-step survey of the concept of the sugar code and the way strategic combination of experimental approaches characterizes structure-function relationships, with resources for teaching. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The unsurpassed coding capacity of glycans is an ideal platform for generating a broad range of molecular 'messages'. Structural and functional analyses of complex carbohydrates have been made possible by advances in chemical synthesis, rendering production of oligosaccharides, glycoclusters and neoglycoconjugates possible. This availability facilitates to test the glycans as ligands for natural sugar receptors (lectins). Their interaction is a means to turn sugar-encoded information into cellular effects. Glycan/lectin structures and their spatial modes of presentation underlie the exquisite specificity of the endogenous lectins in counterreceptor selection, that is, to home in on certain cellular glycoproteins or glycolipids. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding how sugar-encoded 'messages' are 'read' and 'translated' by lectins provides insights into fundamental mechanisms of life, with potential for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Solís
- Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 07110 Bunyola, Mallorca, Illes Baleares, Spain.
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117871 GSP-7, V-437, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Anthony P Davis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Romero
- Chemical and Physical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Karel Smetana
- Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, U nemocnice 3, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany.
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79
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Yamada S, Nagaoka H, Terajima M, Tsuda N, Hayashi Y, Yamauchi M. Effects of fish collagen peptides on collagen post-translational modifications and mineralization in an osteoblastic cell culture system. Dent Mater J 2014; 32:88-95. [PMID: 23370875 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2012-220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is one of the most widely used biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Fish collagen peptides (FCP) have been used as a dietary supplement, but their effects on the cellular function are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of FCP on collagen synthesis, quality and mineralization using an osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell culture system. Cells treated with FCP significantly upregulated the gene expression of several collagen modifying enzymes and more collagen was deposited in the cultures. Collagen in the treated group showed a greater extent of lysine hydroxylation, higher levels of hydroxylysine-aldehyde derived cross-links and accelerated cross-link maturation compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, the treated group showed accelerated matrix mineralization. These results indicate that FCP exerts a positive effect on osteoblastic cells in terms of collagen synthesis, quality and mineralization, thereby suggesting the potential utility of FCP for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Yamada
- NC Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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80
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Recombinant expression of hydroxylated human collagen in Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:4445-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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81
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A molecular ensemble in the rER for procollagen maturation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2479-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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82
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Abstract
Collagens, the most abundant proteins in animals, also occur in some recently described nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses such as Mimiviridae, which replicate in amoebae. To clarify the impact of viral collagens on the immune response of animals exposed to Mimiviridae, we have investigated the localization of collagens in Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus particles and the response of mice to immunization with mimivirus particles. Using protein biotinylation, we have first shown that viral collagen encoded by open reading frame L71 is present at the surface of mimivirus particles. Exposure to mimivirus collagens elicited the production of anti-collagen antibodies in DBA/1 mice immunized intradermally with mimivirus protein extracts. This antibody response also targeted mouse collagen type II and was accompanied by T-cell reactivity to collagen and joint inflammation, as observed in collagen-induced arthritis following immunization of mice with bovine collagen type II. The broad distribution of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses in the environment suggests that humans are constantly exposed to such large virus particles. A survey of blood sera from healthy human subjects and from rheumatoid arthritis patients indeed demonstrated that 30% of healthy-subject and 36% of rheumatoid arthritis sera recognized the major mimivirus capsid protein L425. Moreover, whereas 6% of healthy-subject sera recognized the mimivirus collagen protein L71, 22% of rheumatoid arthritis sera were positive for mimivirus L71. Accordingly, our study shows that environmental exposure to mimivirus represents a risk factor in triggering autoimmunity to collagens.
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83
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Perdivara I, Yamauchi M, Tomer KB. Molecular Characterization of Collagen Hydroxylysine O-Glycosylation by Mass Spectrometry: Current Status. Aust J Chem 2013; 66:760-769. [PMID: 25414518 PMCID: PMC4235766 DOI: 10.1071/ch13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The most abundant proteins in vertebrates - the collagen family proteins - play structural and biological roles in the body. The predominant member, type I collagen, provides tissues and organs with structure and connectivity. This protein has several unique post-translational modifications that take place intra- and extra-cellularly. With growing evidence of the relevance of such post-translational modifications in health and disease, the biological significance of O-linked collagen glycosylation has recently drawn increased attention. However, several aspects of this unique modification - the requirement for prior lysyl hydroxylation as a substrate, involvement of at least two distinct glycosyl transferases, its involvement in intermolecular crosslinking - have made its molecular mapping and quantitative characterization challenging. Such characterization is obviously crucial for understanding its biological significance. Recent progress in mass spectrometry has provided an unprecedented opportunity for this type of analysis. This review summarizes recent advances in the area of O-glycosylation of fibrillar collagens and their characterization using state-of-the-art liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based methodologies, and perspectives on future research. The analytical characterization of collagen crosslinking and advanced glycation end-products are not addressed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Perdivara
- Mass Spectrometry Group, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Mass Spectrometry Group, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, NC 27709, USA
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84
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Perdivara I, Perera L, Sricholpech M, Terajima M, Pleshko N, Yamauchi M, Tomer KB. Unusual fragmentation pathways in collagen glycopeptides. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1072-1081. [PMID: 23633013 PMCID: PMC3679267 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Collagens are the most abundant glycoproteins in the body. One characteristic of this protein family is that the amino acid sequence consists of repeats of three amino acids -(X-Y-Gly)n. Within this motif, the Y residue is often 4-hydroxyproline (HyP) or 5-hydroxylysine (HyK). Glycosylation in collagen occurs at the 5-OH group in HyK in the form of two glycosides, galactosylhydroxylysine (Gal-HyK) and glucosyl galactosylhydroxylysine (GlcGal-HyK). In collision induced dissociation (CID), collagen tryptic glycopeptides exhibit unexpected gas-phase dissociation behavior compared to typical N- and O-linked glycopeptides (i.e., in addition to glycosidic bond cleavages, extensive cleavages of the amide bonds are observed). The Gal- or GlcGal- glycan modifications are largely retained on the fragment ions. These features enable unambiguous determination of the amino acid sequence of collagen glycopeptides and the location of the glycosylation site. This dissociation pattern was consistent for all analyzed collagen glycopeptides, regardless of their length or amino acid composition, collagen type or tissue. The two fragmentation pathways-amide bond and glycosidic bond cleavage-are highly competitive in collagen tryptic glycopeptides. The number of ionizing protons relative to the number of basic sites (i.e., Arg, Lys, HyK, and N-terminus) is a major driving force of the fragmentation. We present here our experimental results and employ quantum mechanics calculations to understand the factors enhancing the labile character of the amide bonds and the stability of hydroxylysine glycosides in gas phase dissociation of collagen glycopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Perdivara
- Mass Spectrometry Group, NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Lalith Perera
- Computational Chemistry Group, NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | | | - Masahiko Terajima
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nancy Pleshko
- Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mitsuo Yamauchi
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Tomer
- Mass Spectrometry Group, NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
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85
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Taga Y, Kusubata M, Ogawa-Goto K, Hattori S. Site-specific Quantitative Analysis of Overglycosylation of Collagen in Osteogenesis Imperfecta Using Hydrazide Chemistry and SILAC. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2225-32. [DOI: 10.1021/pr400079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki
302-0017, Japan
| | - Masashi Kusubata
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki
302-0017, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Ogawa-Goto
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki
302-0017, Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki
302-0017, Japan
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86
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Schjoldager KTBG, Clausen H. Site-specific protein O-glycosylation modulates proprotein processing - deciphering specific functions of the large polypeptide GalNAc-transferase gene family. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012; 1820:2079-94. [PMID: 23022508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) greatly expand the function and regulation of proteins, and glycosylation is the most abundant and diverse PTM. Of the many different types of protein glycosylation, one is quite unique; GalNAc-type (or mucin-type) O-glycosylation, where biosynthesis is initiated in the Golgi by up to twenty distinct UDP-N-acetyl-α-d-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts). These GalNAc-Ts are differentially expressed in cells and have different (although partly overlapping) substrate specificities, which provide for both unique functions and considerable redundancy. Recently we have begun to uncover human diseases associated with deficiencies in GalNAc-T genes (GALNTs). Thus deficiencies in individual GALNTs produce cell and protein specific effects and subtle distinct phenotypes such as hyperphosphatemia with hyperostosis (GALNT3) and dysregulated lipid metabolism (GALNT2). These phenotypes appear to be caused by deficient site-specific O-glycosylation that co-regulates proprotein convertase (PC) processing of FGF23 and ANGPTL3, respectively. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we summarize recent progress in uncovering the interplay between human O-glycosylation and protease regulated processing and describes other important functions of site-specific O-glycosylation in health and disease. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Site-specific O-glycosylation modifies pro-protein processing and other proteolytic events such as ADAM processing and thus emerges as an important co-regulator of limited proteolytic processing events. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our appreciation of this function may have been hampered by our sparse knowledge of the O-glycoproteome and in particular sites of O-glycosylation. New strategies for identification of O-glycoproteins have emerged and recently the concept of SimpleCells, i.e. human cell lines made deficient in O-glycan extension by zinc finger nuclease gene targeting, was introduced for broad O-glycoproteome analysis.
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87
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Ruotsalainen H, Risteli M, Wang C, Wang Y, Karppinen M, Bergmann U, Kvist AP, Pospiech H, Herzig KH, Myllylä R. The activities of lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) regulate the amount and oligomerization status of adiponectin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50045. [PMID: 23209641 PMCID: PMC3510199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) has lysyl hydroxylase, galactosyltransferase, and glucosyltransferase activities, which are sequentially required for the formation of glucosylgalactosyl hydroxylysines in collagens. Here we demonstrate for the first time that LH3 also modifies the lysine residues in the collagenous domain of adiponectin, which has important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation. Hydroxylation and, especially, glycosylation of the lysine residues of adiponectin have been shown to be essential for the formation of the more active high molecular weight adiponectin oligomers and thus for its function. In cells that totally lack LH3 enzyme, the galactosylhydroxylysine residues of adiponectin were not glucosylated to glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine residues and the formation of high and middle molecular weight adiponectin oligomers was impaired. Circulating adiponectin levels in mutant mice lacking the lysyl hydroxylase activity of LH3 were significantly reduced, which indicates that LH3 is required for complete modification of lysine residues in adiponectin and the loss of some of the glycosylated hydroxylysine residues severely affects the secretion of adiponectin. LH mutant mice with reduced adiponectin level showed a high fat diet-induced increase in glucose, triglyceride, and LDL-cholesterol levels, hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome in humans. Our results reveal the first indication that LH3 is an important regulator of adiponectin biosynthesis, secretion and activity and thus might be a potential candidate for therapeutic applications in diseases associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Abstract
Type I collagen is the most abundant structural protein in vertebrates. It is a heterotrimeric molecule composed of two α1 chains and one α2 chain, forming a long uninterrupted triple helical structure with short non-triple helical telopeptides at both the N- and C-termini. During biosynthesis, collagen acquires a number of post-translational modifications, including lysine modifications, that are critical to the structure and biological functions of this protein. Lysine modifications of collagen are highly complicated sequential processes catalysed by several groups of enzymes leading to the final step of biosynthesis, covalent intermolecular cross-linking. In the cell, specific lysine residues are hydroxylated to form hydroxylysine. Then specific hydroxylysine residues located in the helical domain of the molecule are glycosylated by the addition of galactose or glucose-galactose. Outside the cell, lysine and hydroxylysine residues in the N- and C-telopeptides can be oxidatively deaminated to produce reactive aldehydes that undergo a series of non-enzymatic condensation reactions to form covalent intra- and inter-molecular cross-links. Owing to the recent advances in molecular and cellular biology, and analytical technologies, the biological significance and molecular mechanisms of these modifications have been gradually elucidated. This chapter provides an overview on these enzymatic lysine modifications and subsequent cross-linking.
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89
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Nabavi N, Pustylnik S, Harrison RE. Rab GTPase mediated procollagen trafficking in ascorbic acid stimulated osteoblasts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46265. [PMID: 23050002 PMCID: PMC3458846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in investigating functional aspects of osteoblast (OB) differentiation, especially studies on how bone proteins are deposited and mineralized, there has been little research on the intracellular trafficking of bone proteins during OB differentiation. Collagen synthesis and secretion is the major function of OBs and is markedly up-regulated upon ascorbic acid (AA) stimulation, significantly more so than in fibroblast cells. Understanding the mechanism by which collagen is mobilized in specialized OB cells is important for both basic cell biology and diseases involving defects in bone protein secretion and deposition. Protein trafficking along the exocytic and endocytic pathways is aided by many molecules, with Rab GTPases being master regulators of vesicle targeting. In this study, we used microarray analysis to identify the Rab GTPases that are up-regulated during a 5-day AA differentiation of OBs, namely Rab1, Rab3d, and Rab27b. Further, we investigated the role of identified Rabs in regulating the trafficking of collagen from the site of synthesis in the ER to the Golgi and ultimately to the plasma membrane utilizing Rab dominant negative (DN) expression. We also observed that experimental halting of biosynthetic trafficking by these mutant Rabs initiated proteasome-mediated degradation of procollagen and ceased global protein translation. Acute expression of Rab1 and Rab3d DN constructs partially alleviated this negative feedback mechanism and resulted in impaired ER to Golgi trafficking of procollagen. Similar expression of Rab27b DN constructs resulted in dispersed collagen vesicles which may represent failed secretory vesicles sequestered in the cytosol. A significant and strong reduction in extracellular collagen levels was also observed implicating the functional importance of Rab1, Rab3d and Rab27b in these major collagen-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Tronto Scarborought, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Pustylnik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rene E. Harrison
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Tronto Scarborought, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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90
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Sricholpech M, Perdivara I, Yokoyama M, Nagaoka H, Terajima M, Tomer KB, Yamauchi M. Lysyl hydroxylase 3-mediated glucosylation in type I collagen: molecular loci and biological significance. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22998-3009. [PMID: 22573318 PMCID: PMC3391079 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.343954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, by employing the short hairpin RNA technology, we have generated MC3T3-E1 (MC)-derived clones stably suppressing lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) (short hairpin (Sh) clones) and demonstrated the LH3 function as glucosyltransferase in type I collagen (Sricholpech, M., Perdivara, I., Nagaoka, H., Yokoyama, M., Tomer, K. B., and Yamauchi, M. (2011) Lysyl hydroxylase 3 glucosylates galactosylhydroxylysine residues in type I collagen in osteoblast culture. J. Biol. Chem. 286, 8846-8856). To further elucidate the biological significance of this modification, we characterized and compared type I collagen phenotypes produced by Sh clones and two control groups, MC and those transfected with empty vector. Mass spectrometric analysis identified five glycosylation sites in type I collagen (i.e. α1,2-87, α1,2-174, and α2-219. Of these, the predominant glycosylation site was α1-87, one of the major helical cross-linking sites. In Sh collagen, the abundance of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine was significantly decreased at all of the five sites with a concomitant increase in galactosylhydroxylysine at four of these sites. The collagen cross-links were significantly diminished in Sh clones, and, for the major cross-link, dihydroxylysinonorleucine (DHLNL), glucosylgalactosyl-DHLNL was diminished with a concomitant increase in galactosyl-DHLNL. When subjected to in vitro incubation, in Sh clones, the rate of decrease in DHLNL was lower, whereas the rate of increase in its maturational cross-link, pyridinoline, was comparable with controls. Furthermore, in Sh clones, the mean diameters of collagen fibrils were significantly larger, and the onset of mineralized nodule formation was delayed when compared with those of controls. These results indicate that the LH3-mediated glucosylation occurs at the specific molecular loci in the type I collagen molecule and plays critical roles in controlling collagen cross-linking, fibrillogenesis, and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnisa Sricholpech
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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91
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Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification found in all domains of life. Despite their significant complexity in animal systems, glycan structures have crucial biological and physiological roles, from contributions in protein folding and quality control to involvement in a large number of biological recognition events. As a result, they impart an additional level of 'information content' to underlying polypeptide structures. Improvements in analytical methodologies for dissecting glycan structural diversity, along with recent developments in biochemical and genetic approaches for studying glycan biosynthesis and catabolism, have provided a greater understanding of the biological contributions of these complex structures in vertebrates.
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92
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Dani N, Broadie K. Glycosylated synaptomatrix regulation of trans-synaptic signaling. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:2-21. [PMID: 21509945 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Synapse formation is driven by precisely orchestrated intercellular communication between the presynaptic and the postsynaptic cell, involving a cascade of anterograde and retrograde signals. At the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), both neuron and muscle secrete signals into the heavily glycosylated synaptic cleft matrix sandwiched between the two synapsing cells. These signals must necessarily traverse and interact with the extracellular environment, for the ligand-receptor interactions mediating communication to occur. This complex synaptomatrix, rich in glycoproteins and proteoglycans, comprises heterogeneous, compartmentalized domains where specialized glycans modulate trans-synaptic signaling during synaptogenesis and subsequent synapse modulation. The general importance of glycans during development, homeostasis and disease is well established, but this important molecular class has received less study in the nervous system. Glycan modifications are now understood to play functional and modulatory roles as ligands and co-receptors in numerous tissues; however, roles at the synapse are relatively unexplored. We highlight here properties of synaptomatrix glycans and glycan-interacting proteins with key roles in synaptogenesis, with a particular focus on recent advances made in the Drosophila NMJ genetic system. We discuss open questions and interesting new findings driving this investigation of complex, diverse, and largely understudied glycan mechanisms at the synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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93
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Taga Y, Kusubata M, Ogawa-Goto K, Hattori S. Development of a novel method for analyzing collagen O-glycosylations by hydrazide chemistry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.010397. [PMID: 22247541 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.010397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, glycopeptide purification by hydrazide chemistry has become popular in structural studies of glycoconjugates; however, applications of this method have been almost completely restricted to analysis of the N-glycoproteome. Here we report a novel method for analyzing O-glycosylations unique to collagen, which are attached to hydroxylysine and include galactosyl-hydroxylysine and glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine. We established a hydrazide chemistry-based glycopeptide purification method using (1) galactose oxidase to introduce an aldehyde into glycopeptides and (2) formic acid with heating to elute the bound glycopeptides by cleaving the hydrazone bond. This method allows not only identification of O-glycosylation sites in collagen but also concurrent discrimination of two types of carbohydrate substitutions. In bovine type I and type II collagens, galactosyl-hydroxylysine /glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine -containing peptides were specifically detected on subsequent comprehensive liquid chromatography (LC)/MS analysis, and many O-glycosylation sites, including unreported ones, were identified. The position of glycosylated hydroxylysine, which is determined by our unambiguous and simple method, could provide insight into the physiological role of the modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Taga
- Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan.
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94
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Perrin-Tricaud C, Rutschmann C, Hennet T. Identification of domains and amino acids essential to the collagen galactosyltransferase activity of GLT25D1. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29390. [PMID: 22216269 PMCID: PMC3244457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is modified by hydroxylation and glycosylation of hydroxylysine residues. This glycosylation is initiated by the β1,O galactosyltransferases GLT25D1 and GLT25D2. The structurally similar protein cerebral endothelial cell adhesion molecule CEECAM1 was previously reported to be inactive when assayed for collagen glycosyltransferase activity. To address the cause of the absent galactosyltransferase activity, we have generated several chimeric constructs between the active human GLT25D1 and inactive human CEECAM1 proteins. The assay of these chimeric constructs pointed to a short central region and a large C-terminal region of CEECAM1 leading to the loss of collagen galactosyltransferase activity. Examination of the three DXD motifs of the active GLT25D1 by site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of the first (amino acids 166–168) and second motif (amino acids 461–463) for enzymatic activity, whereas the third one was dispensable. Since the second DXD motif is incomplete in CEECAM1, we have restored the motif by introducing the substitution S461D. This change did not restore the activity of the C-terminal region, thereby showing that additional amino acids were required in this C-terminal region to confer enzymatic activity. Finally, we have introduced the substitution Q471R-V472M-N473Q-P474V in the CEECAM1-C-terminal construct, which is found in most animal GLT25D1 and GLT25D2 isoforms but not in CEECAM1. This substitution was shown to partially restore collagen galactosyltransferase activity, underlining its importance for catalytic activity in the C-terminal domain. Because multiple mutations in different regions of CEECAM1 contribute to the lack of galactosyltransferase activity, we deduced that CEECAM1 is functionally different from the related GLT25D1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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95
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Cheray M, Petit D, Forestier L, Karayan-Tapon L, Maftah A, Jauberteau MO, Battu S, Gallet FP, Lalloué F. Glycosylation-related gene expression is linked to differentiation status in glioblastomas undifferentiated cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 312:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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96
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Luther KB, Hülsmeier AJ, Schegg B, Deuber SA, Raoult D, Hennet T. Mimivirus collagen is modified by bifunctional lysyl hydroxylase and glycosyltransferase enzyme. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:43701-43709. [PMID: 22045808 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.309096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagens, the most abundant proteins in animals, are modified by hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues and by glycosylation of hydroxylysine. Dedicated prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, and collagen glycosyltransferase enzymes localized in the endoplasmic reticulum mediate these modifications prior to the formation of the collagen triple helix. Whereas collagen-like proteins have been described in some fungi, bacteria, and viruses, the post-translational machinery modifying collagens has never been described outside of animals. We demonstrate that the L230 open reading frame of the giant virus Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus encodes an enzyme that has distinct lysyl hydroxylase and collagen glycosyltransferase domains. We show that mimivirus L230 is capable of hydroxylating lysine and glycosylating the resulting hydroxylysine residues in a native mimivirus collagen acceptor substrate. Whereas in animals from sponges to humans the transfer of galactose to hydroxylysine in collagen is conserved, the mimivirus L230 enzyme transfers glucose to hydroxylysine, thereby defining a novel type of collagen glycosylation in nature. The presence of hydroxylysine in mimivirus proteins was confirmed by amino acid analysis of mimivirus recovered from A. polyphaga cultures. This work shows for the first time that collagen post-translational modifications are not confined to the domains of life. The utilization of glucose instead of the galactose found throughout animals as well as a bifunctional enzyme rather than two separate enzymes may represent a parallel evolutionary track in collagen biology. These results suggest that giant viruses may have contributed to the evolution of collagen biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin B Luther
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Hülsmeier
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Belinda Schegg
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan A Deuber
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 6236, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - Thierry Hennet
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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97
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Monticelli E, Aman CS, Costa ML, Rota P, Bogdan D, Allevi P, Cighetti G. Simultaneous free and glycosylated pyridinium crosslink determination in urine: validation of an HPLC-fluorescence method using a deoxypyridinoline homologue as internal standard. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2764-71. [PMID: 21855424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyridinoline (Pyr), deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr), galactosyl-pyridinoline (Gal-Pyr) and glucosyl-galactosyl pyridinoline (GluGal-Pyr) are enzymatic mature pyridinium crosslinks. Generally, only total Pyr and D-Pyr urinary amounts (free+bound forms) are evaluated by HPLC as indices of bone resorption. This report describes the validation of an HPLC-fluorescence method for the simultaneous evaluation of free Pyr and D-Pyr, together with GluGal-Pyr and Gal-Pyr, in urine of healthy women (n=20, aged 27-41) and girls (n=20, aged 5-10). The use of an unnatural D-Pyr homologue, here proposed for the first time as internal standard, and of pure Pyr, D-Pyr, GluGal-Pyr and Gal-Pyr synthesized to be used as primary calibrators, guarantees method specificity and correct crosslink quantification. Urine, spiked with IS, was solid-phase extracted prior to HPLC analysis. Total Pyr and D-Pyr amounts were also evaluated after urine hydrolysis. The HPLC method was validated for selectivity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery and stability for all measured crosslinks. Both free and total Pyr and D-Pyr as well as GluGal-Pyr and Gal-Pyr amounts were significantly higher in girls than in women (p<0.0001), indicating an increased collagen turnover rather than only bone turnover. Gal-Pyr, for the first time evaluated in girls, was under its lower quantification limit (<LLOQ, <21.20 pmol/mL) in women. The measurement of free and glycosylated pyridinium crosslinks might provide more information on the degradation of various types of collagen than only that of total Pyr and D-Pyr. Moreover, this validated method could be a useful non-invasive technique for studying pathological conditions characterized by modified glycosylation enzyme activity and for more clinical investigation on bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Monticelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Luigi Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
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98
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Sricholpech M, Perdivara I, Nagaoka H, Yokoyama M, Tomer KB, Yamauchi M. Lysyl hydroxylase 3 glucosylates galactosylhydroxylysine residues in type I collagen in osteoblast culture. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8846-56. [PMID: 21220425 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.178509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3), encoded by Plod3, is the multifunctional collagen-modifying enzyme possessing LH, hydroxylysine galactosyltransferase (GT), and galactosylhydroxylysine-glucosyltransferase (GGT) activities. Although an alteration in type I collagen glycosylation has been implicated in several osteogenic disorders, the role of LH3 in bone physiology has never been investigated. To elucidate the function of LH3 in bone type I collagen modifications, we used a short hairpin RNA technology in a mouse osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1; generated single cell-derived clones stably suppressing LH3 (short hairpin (Sh) clones); and characterized the phenotype. Plod3 expression and the LH3 protein levels in the Sh clones were significantly suppressed when compared with the controls, MC3T3-E1, and the clone transfected with an empty vector. In comparison with controls, type I collagen synthesized by Sh clones (Sh collagen) showed a significant decrease in the extent of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine with a concomitant increase of galactosylhydroxylysine, whereas the total number of hydroxylysine residues was essentially unchanged. In an in vitro fibrillogenesis assay, Sh collagen showed accelerated fibrillogenesis compared with the controls. In addition, when recombinant LH3-V5/His protein was generated in 293 cells and subjected to GGT/GT activity assay, it showed GGT but not GT activity against denatured type I collagen. The results from this study clearly indicate that the major function of LH3 in osteoblasts is to glucosylate galactosylhydroxylysine residues in type I collagen and that an impairment of this LH3 function significantly affects type I collagen fibrillogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnisa Sricholpech
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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99
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de Oliveira JT, de Matos AJ, Gomes J, Vilanova M, Hespanhol V, Manninen A, Rutteman G, Chammas R, Gartner F, Bernardes ES. Coordinated expression of galectin-3 and galectin-3-binding sites in malignant mammary tumors: implications for tumor metastasis. Glycobiology 2010; 20:1341-52. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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100
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Qian Z, Latham KA, Whittington KB, Miller DC, Brand DD, Rosloniec EF. An Autoantigen-Specific, Highly Restricted T Cell Repertoire Infiltrates the Arthritic Joints of Mice in an HLA-DR1 Humanized Mouse Model of Autoimmune Arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:110-8. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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