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Jin EH, Han K, Lee DH, Shin CM, Lim JH, Choi YJ, Yoon K. Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed Before Age 50 Years According to Tumor Location. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:637-648.e2. [PMID: 35643169 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The increasing prevalence of obesity at younger ages is concurrent with an increased earlier-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) (before age 50 years) incidence, particularly left-sided colon cancer. We investigated whether obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with increased earlier-onset CRC risk according to tumor location. METHODS Our nationwide population-based cohort study enrolled 9,774,081 individuals who underwent health checkups under the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2009 to 2010, with follow-up until 2019. We collected data on age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and laboratory findings. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 8320 earlier-onset and 57,257 later-onset CRC cases developed during follow-up. MetS was associated with increased earlier-onset CRC (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14-1.27), similar to later-onset CRC (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.17-1.21). The adjusted hazard ratios for earlier-onset CRC with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 MetS components were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.13), 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06-1.21), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16-1.35), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.15-1.41), and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.26-1.79), respectively (P for trend < .0001). We found that higher body mass index and larger waist circumference were significantly associated with increased earlier-onset CRC (P for trend < .0001). These dose-response associations were significant in distal colon and rectal cancers, although not in proximal colon cancers. CONCLUSIONS MetS and obesity are positively associated with CRC before age 50 years with a similar magnitude of association as people diagnosed after age 50 years. Thus, people younger than 50 years with MetS require effective preventive interventions to help reduce CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea.
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kichul Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Gyeonggido, Korea
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Lao S, Qiu J, Pan Z, Feng X. The clinicopathological and prognostic significances of IGF-1R and Livin expression in patients with colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:855. [PMID: 35931997 PMCID: PMC9354317 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. However, limited effective biomarkers are associated with the tumorigenesis and prognosis of CRC. Methods The present study identified potential signatures from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and further validated the identified biomarkers in CRC tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Livin gene was significantly upregulated in CRC samples compared to the adjacent normal samples in the TCGA dataset. IHC indicated that IGF-1R and Livin protein levels are increased in CRC and adenoma tissues compared to normal tissues. Notably, the IGF-1R protein levels differed significantly between adenoma and CRC. The elevated IGF-1R and Livin expression was associated with CRC clinicopathological features, including age, gender, histological subtype, individual cancer stages, nodal metastasis, and TP53-mutant in TCGA. Additionally, the IGF-1R promoter methylation level was closely related to CRC. Consistent with the TCGA study, IHC indicated that overexpressed IGF-1R and Livin proteins were independent risk factors for stage and metastasis. A marked correlation was established between IGF-1R and Livin expression in CRC, while the survival map showed no significant correlation with CRC. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that CRC patients with high IGF-1R or Livin expression had a prolonged overall disease-free survival than those with low expression in TCGA. Conclusion IGF-1R and Livin are associated with CRC tumorigenesis and might be valuable for novel biomarker identification and targeted therapeutic strategy development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09961-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Si Lao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ziang Pan
- Department of Pathology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Bardou M, Rouland A, Martel M, Loffroy R, Barkun AN, Chapelle N. Review article: obesity and colorectal cancer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:407-418. [PMID: 35707910 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing global public health problem. More than half the European and North American population is overweight or obese. Colon and rectum cancers are still the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, and epidemiological data support an association between obesity and colorectal cancers (CRCs). AIM To review the literature on CRC epidemiology in obese subjects, assessing the effects of obesity, including childhood or maternal obesity, on CRC, diagnosis, management, and prognosis, and discussing targeted prophylactic measures. METHOD We searched PubMed for obesity/overweight/metabolic syndrome and CRC. Other key words included 'staging', 'screening', 'treatment', 'weight loss', 'bariatric surgery' and 'chemotherapy'. RESULTS In Europe, about 11% of CRCs are attributed to overweight and obesity. Epidemiological data suggest that obesity is associated with a 30%-70% increased risk of colon cancer in men, the association being less consistent in women. Visceral fat or abdominal obesity seems to be of greater concern than subcutaneous fat obesity, and any 1 kg/m2 increase in body mass index confers more risk (hazard ratio 1.03). Obesity might increase the likelihood of recurrence or mortality of the primary cancer and may affect initial management, including accurate staging. The risk maybe confounded by different factors, including lower adherence to organised CRC screening programmes. It is unclear whether bariatric surgery helps reduce rectal cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS Despite a growing body of evidence linking obesity to CRC, many questions remain unanswered, including whether we should screen patients with obesity earlier or propose prophylactic bariatric surgery for certain patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bardou
- INSERM-Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1432 (CIC 1432), CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,UFR Sciences Santé, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Alexia Rouland
- Endocrinology Department, CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Myriam Martel
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Alan N Barkun
- Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chapelle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Diseases Institute, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, France
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Comprehensive Analysis of Genomic and Expression Data Identified Potential Markers for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Response in CRC. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:1831211. [PMID: 35975176 PMCID: PMC9356844 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1831211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most prevalent type of malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. In the current study, we characterized the landscape of genomic alterations in CRC patients. Based on the results of whole-exome sequencing (WES), we identified 31 significantly mutated genes. Among them, several genes including TP53, KRAS, APC, PI3KCA, and BRAF were reported as significantly mutated genes in previous studies. In the current study, the most frequently mutated gene was TP53, which encodes tumor suppressor p53, affecting approximately 60% of CRC patients. In addition, we performed the expression profiles of significantly mutated genes between the normal group and tumor groups and identified 20 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); among them, CSMD3, DCHS2, LRP2, RYR2, and ZFHX4 were significantly negatively correlated with PFS. Moreover, consensus clustering analysis for CRC based on the expression of significantly somatic mutated genes was performed. In total, three subtypes of CRC were identified in CRC, including cluster1 (n = 453), cluster2 (n = 158), and cluster 3 (n = 9), based on expression level of significantly somatic mutated genes. Clinicopathological features analysis showed subtype C1 had the longest progression-free survival (PFS) with median time of 8.2 years, while subtypes C2 and C3 had 4.1 and 2.7 years of PFS, respectively. Moreover, we found three subtypes related to tumor infiltration depth, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis. Immune infiltration analysis showed the tumor infiltration levels of B cell native, T cell CD8+, T cell CD4+ memory activated, T cell gamma delta, NK cell resting, macrophage M0, macrophage M2, myeloid dendritic cell activated, mast cell activated, and mast cell resting significantly changed among the three groups, demonstrating the three subgroups classified by 22 somatically significantly mutated genes had a high capacity to differentiate patients with different immune statuses, which is helpful for the prediction of immunotherapy response of CRC patients. Our findings could provide novel potential predictive indicators for CRC prognosis and therapy targets for CRC immunotherapy.
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Wan X, Zhu F, Zhuang P, Liu X, Zhang L, Jia W, Jiao J, Xu C, Zhang Y. Associations of Hemoglobin Adducts of Acrylamide and Glycidamide with Prevalent Metabolic Syndrome in a Nationwide Population-Based Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8755-8766. [PMID: 35796657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and dietary exposures to acrylamide (AA) have been linked with various metabolic-related outcomes, but the results are mixed. However, the association between long-term exposure to AA and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between hemoglobin adducts of AA, biomarkers of internal exposure to AA, and MetS prevalence among a U.S. nationwide population. MetS patients were defined by meeting three or more of the following five characteristics: elevated blood pressure, high fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the associations between AA hemoglobin biomarkers and MetS prevalence. A total of 1552 MetS cases were documented. After adjustment for the potential confounders, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of MetS prevalence in the highest quartile of AA hemoglobin biomarkers were 0.60 (0.40-0.89), 1.26 (0.84-1.89), 0.93 (0.71-1.21), and 1.61 (1.18-2.20) for HbAA, HbGA, the sum of HbAA and HbGA (HbAA + HbGA), and the ratio of HbGA to HbAA (HbGA/HbAA), compared with the lowest quartile, respectively. HbAA was significantly and inversely associated with blood pressure, fasting glucose, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C, while the HbGA/HbAA ratio was also positively associated with abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C. The restricted cubic spline models revealed a positive relationship between the HbGA/HbAA ratio and the prevalence of MetS, while the HbAA level was inversely associated with MetS prevalence. Our current findings provided epidemiological evidence that HbAA and the HbGA/HbAA ratio were significantly associated with MetS prevalence among general U.S. adults. Further studies should be conducted to examine the association between internal exposure to AA and MetS prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Wan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanghuan Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lange Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
- Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Chen QY, Que SJ, Chen JY, Qing-Zhong, Liu ZY, Wang JB, Lin JX, Lu J, Cao LL, Lin M, Tu RH, Huang ZN, Lin JL, Zheng HL, Xie JW, Zheng CH, Li P, Huang CM. Development and validation of metabolic scoring to individually predict prognosis and monitor recurrence early in gastric cancer: A large-sample analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:2149-2158. [PMID: 35864012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and validate a simple metabolic score (Metabolic score, MS) for use in evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) patients and dynamically monitor for early recurrence. METHODS We retrospectively collected general clinicopathological data of patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for GC between September 2012 and December 2017 in the Department of Gastric Surgery of the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. Using a random forest algorithm to screen preoperative blood indicators into the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model, we developed a novel MS to predict prognosis. RESULTS Data of 1974 patients were used to develop and validate the model. Total cholesterol (TCHO), bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), and 15 other metabolic indicators had significant predictive value for the prognosis using the random forest algorithm. In the overall population, 533 patients (27.0%) had high and 1441 (73%) had low MS status. High MS status was related to tumor progression. The KM curves of 3-year OS and RFS for training set patients showed low MS had a better prognosis than high MS (OS: 79.4% vs 59.7%, P < 0.001; RFS: 76.0% vs 56.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We have developed and validated MS to predict the long-term survival of GC patients and allow early monitoring of recurrence. This will provide physicians with simple, economical, and dynamic tumor monitoring information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Si-Jin Que
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing-Zhong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bin Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Xian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Long-Long Cao
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Hong Tu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ze-Ning Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ju-Li Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Long Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian-Wei Xie
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chang-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Campanile FC. The Quality of Bowel Preparation After Bariatric Surgery: Diverse Effects of Diversion. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:2701-2702. [PMID: 34669077 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Cesare Campanile
- Division of General Surgery, ASL Viterbo, San Giovanni Decollato - Andosilla Hospital, 01033, Civita Castellana, Italy.
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Dai X, Wang F, Du Y, Qin C, Lai S, Song Y, Huang Z, Han S, Zhang X, Xu T. Could Metabolic Syndrome Be a Predictor of Survival Outcomes in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma? A Propensity Score Matching Study in a Large Chinese Center. Front Oncol 2022; 12:816915. [PMID: 35719953 PMCID: PMC9204272 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.816915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients based on propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. Patients and Methods A total of 573 patients with UTUC after radical nephroureterectomy were included at Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2007 to April 2021. MetS was diagnosed according to the criteria of Chinese Diabetes Society and was defined as the presence of 3 or more of the following 4 conditions (obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, high triglycerides and/or low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol). Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had MetS, whose variables were adjusted using 1:1 PSM analysis with a caliber of 0.02 to minimize selection bias. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the association of MetS and its components with pathological outcomes after adjusting preoperative confounders by propensity score matching. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and intravesical recurrence-free survival (IVRFS) after surgery. Results MetS was significantly correlated with older age, a history of coronary heart disease, high Charlson Comorbidity Index, low estimated Glomerular filtration rate, and low aspartate/alanine aminotransferase ratio (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated that MetS showed no statistical correlation with lower OS or IVRFS and approaching significance with lower CSS (P=0.063) before PSM. After PSM, the 5-year OS, CSS, and IVRFS were 64.1%, 74.7%, and 77.2%, respectively, in the MetS group, compared with 67.4%, 78.8%, and 77.2%, respectively, in non-MetS group. Univariate Cox regression analyses showed that MetS and its components were not associated with decreased OS, CSS, or IVRFS (all P>0.05). Conclusion In our study, no statistical difference was found between MetS and survival outcomes in UTUC, except a marginal association with lower CSS. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of MetS and its each single component on UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dai
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shicong Lai
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zixiong Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Songchen Han
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wu D, Bian L, Chen Y, Zhang L, Qu H, Li Z, Chen X. A pilot study on preoperative vascular anatomy and clinical application in rectal cancer resection. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:701-707. [PMID: 35680447 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the utility of preoperatively evaluating the vascular anatomy using multisection spiral computed tomography angiography (CTA) and image fusion technology in the treatment of obese patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomised prospective study included 56 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the fusion imaging group (preoperative CTA and image fusion reconstruction [n=28]) and the control group (not performed CTA and image fusion reconstruction before the operation [n=28]). Duration of surgery was defined as the primary endpoint, and the volume of bleeding, the number of lymph node dissections, conversion to laparotomy, time to recovery of postoperative flatus, length of hospitalisation as well as perioperative complications were defined as secondary endpoints. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the duration of surgery in the image fusion group was shorter, bleeding volume was reduced, and the number of lymph node dissections was greater (p<0.05); however, there was no significant differences between the two groups regarding time to postoperative flatus recovery, conversion to laparotomy, length of hospitalisation, and perioperative complications (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative assessment of the vascular anatomy was an effective method and avoided some invisible risks during surgery, and resulted in a better therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - L Bian
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - H Qu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z Li
- Information Section, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Wan X, Jia W, Zhuang P, Wu F, Zhang Y, Shen X, Liu X, Zheng W, Jiao J, Zhang Y. Associations of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol with prevalence of metabolic syndrome: Findings from Lanxi Nutrition and Safety Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112746. [PMID: 35063427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the association of 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (DHPMA), a urinary biomarker of environmental and dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidol, with prevalent MetS in a Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. The urinary DHPMA concentrations were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis and further calibrated by the urinary creatinine content. MetS cases were defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian-Americans of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATPIII). Multivariate-adjusted modified Poisson regression models were used to analyze the associations between the urinary DHPMA concentrations and MetS prevalence. Of the 1613 participants aged 45-75 years, we documented 552 (34.2%) MetS cases. After adjustment for potential risk factors, the relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of MetS prevalence across the increasing quartiles of DHPMA concentrations were 1.14 (0.93-1.39), 1.29 (1.06-1.56), and 1.50 (1.25-1.80), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. We also observed strong positive association between urinary DHPMA concentrations and hypertriglyceridemia prevalence (P < 0.001 for trend). These positive associations remained unchanged in the subgroups stratified by general demographic, dietary and behavioral risk factors. These results suggested that urinary DHPMA was associated with higher prevalence of MetS among Chinese elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi Wan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pan Zhuang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiju Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weifang Zheng
- Lanxi Red Cross Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition of Affiliated Second Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, Zhejiang, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Gao S, Khan MI, Kalsoom F, Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen Z. Role of gene regulation and inter species interaction as a key factor in gut microbiota adaptation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:342. [PMID: 35595857 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a class of microbial flora present in various eukaryotic multicellular complex animals such as human beings. Their community's growth and survival are greatly influenced by various factors such as host-pathogen, pathogen-environment and genetic regulation. Modern technologies like metagenomics have particularly extended our capacity to uncover the microbial treasures in challenging conditions like communities surviving at high altitude. Molecular characterizations by newly developed sequencing tools have shown that this complex interaction greatly influences microbial adaptation to the environment. Literature shows that gut microbiota alters the genetic expression and switches to an alternative pathway under the influence of unfavorable conditions. The remarkable adaptability of microbial genetic regulatory networks enables them to survive and expand in tough and energy-limited conditions. Variable prevalence of species in various regions has strengthened this initial evidence. In view of the interconnection of the world in the form of a global village, this phenomenon must be explored more clearly. In this regard, recently there has been significant addition of knowledge to the field of microbial adaptation. This review summarizes and shed some light on mechanisms of microbial adaptation via gene regulation and species interaction in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital, Jhang, 35200, Punjab, Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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Huang C, Sun Y, Liao SR, Chen ZX, Lin HF, Shen WZ. Suppression of Berberine and Probiotics ( in vitro and in vivo) on the Growth of Colon Cancer With Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Butyrate Production. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869931. [PMID: 35572672 PMCID: PMC9096942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective An increasing number of evidence has revealed that the gut microbiome functions in immunity, inflammation, metabolism, and homeostasis and is considered to be crucial due to its balance between human health and diseases such as cancer, leading to the emergence of treatments that target intestinal microbiota. Probiotics are one of them. However, many challenges remain regarding the effects of probiotics in cancer treatment. Berberine (BBR), a natural extract of Rhizoma Coptidis and extensively used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, has been found to have antitumor effects in vivo and in vitro by many recent studies, but its definite mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect of BBR and probiotics on the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, and the regulatory influence on the gut microbiome and butyrate production. Methods Colon cancer cell line HT29 was used to establish a xenograft model of nude mice and an in vitro model. A total of 44 nude mice and HT29 cells were divided into control, model, model + BBR, model + probiotics, and model + combination of BBR with probiotics (CBPs). Live combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus powder (LCBLEP) was used as a probiotic preparation. LCBLEP was cultured in the liquid medium under anaerobic conditions (the number of viable bacteria should reach 1 × 108CFU), and the supernatant was collected, and it is called probiotic supernatant (PS). Model + BBR and model + probiotics groups were treated with BBR and LCBLEP or PS for 4 weeks in vivo or 48, 72, and 96 h in vitro, respectively. Tumor volume or cell proliferation was measured. Gut microbiota was pyrosequenced using a 16S rDNA amplicon. HDAC1 mRNA level in HT29 cells and sodium butyrate (SB) expression in the serum of mice was detected by QPCR and ELISA. Results The treatment of BBR and CBP reduced the growth of neoplasms in mice to a different extent (p > 0.05), especially at 14 days. The inhibitory effect of LCBLEP on tumor growth was more significant, especially at 11-21 days (p < 0.05). Inhibition of BBR on in vitro proliferation was concentration-dependent. The suppression of 75% probiotic supernatant (PS) on the proliferation was the most significant. The supplement of LCBLEP significantly increased the richness and evenness of the gut microbe. BBR dramatically increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, with reduced Ruminococcus, followed by the LCBLEP. The LCBLEP reduced the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia, and the CBP also promoted the relative level of Bacteroidetes but reduced the level of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia. BBR and LCBLEP or CBP improved the alpha and beta diversity and significantly affected the biomarker and metabolic function of the gut microbe in nude mice with colon cancer. The level of HDAC1 mRNA was reduced in HT29 cells treated with BBR or PS (p < 0.05), the mice treated with BBR revealed a significantly increased concentration of SB in serum (p < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect of SB on the proliferation of HT29 cells was stronger than panobinostat and TSA. Conclusion Although the combination of BBR and probiotics has no advantage in inhibiting tumor growth compared with the drug alone, BBR can be used as a regulator of the intestinal microbiome similar to the probiotics by mediating the production of SB during reducing the growth of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Xin Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Feng Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Zeng Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, Shenzhen, China
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Tao JH, Wang XT, Yuan W, Chen JN, Wang ZJ, Ma YB, Zhao FQ, Zhang LY, Ma J, Liu Q. Reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4446-4459. [PMID: 35663062 PMCID: PMC9125299 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i14.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Lipid metabolism, as an important part of material and energy circulation, is well known to play a crucial role in CRC.
AIM To explore the relationship between serum lipids and CRC development and identify aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in CRC.
METHODS We retrospectively collected 843 patients who had confirmed CRC and received surgical resection from 2013 to 2015 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences as our research subjects. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C and clinical features were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS. Then, we used the data from Oncomine to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis to confirm the candidate DEGs. PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of the DEGs, and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes was used to construct the protein–protein interaction network of DEGs.
RESULTS The serum HDL-C level in CRC patients was significantly correlated with tumor size, and patients whose tumor size was more than 5 cm had a lower serum HDL-C level (1.18 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs 1.25 ± 0.35 mmol/L, P < 0.01) than their counterparts. In addition, TC/HDL (4.19 ± 1.33 vs 3.93 ± 1.26, P < 0.01) and LDL-C/HDL-C (2.83 ± 1.10 vs 2.61 ± 0.96, P < 0.01) were higher in patients with larger tumors. The levels of HDL-C (P < 0.05), TC/HDL-C (P < 0.01) and LDL-C/HDL-C (P < 0.05) varied in different stages of CRC patients, and the differences were significant. We screened 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and confirmed that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), PCSK9, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated, while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in cancer tissue. Higher expression of LDLR (HR = 3.12, 95%CI: 1.77-5.49, P < 0.001), ABCA1 (HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.11-2.48, P = 0.012) and OSBPL1A (HR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.89, P = 0.041) all yielded significantly poorer DFS outcomes. Higher expression of FDXR (HR = 0.7, 95%CI: 0.47-1.05, P = 0.002) was correlated with longer DFS. LDLR, ABCA1, OSBPL1A and FDXR were involved in many important cellular function pathways.
CONCLUSION Serum HDL-C levels are associated with tumor size and stage in CRC patients. LRP8, PCSK9, LDLR, MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated, while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in CRC. Among them, LDLR, ABCA1, OSBPL1A and FDXR were valuable prognostic factors of DFS and were involved in important cellular function pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Tao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jia-Nan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yun-Bin Ma
- Department of Abodominal Surgery, Beijing Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Gong S, Wang S, Shao M. NADPH Oxidase 4: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Malignancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884412. [PMID: 35646942 PMCID: PMC9130727 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the regulation of tumor occurrence and development. As a main source of ROS, NADPH oxidases are key enzymes that mediate electron transport within intracellular membranes. Of the NOX members that have been reported to be dysregulated in a wide variety of tumors, NOX4 is the member to be most frequently expressed. Numerous studies have elucidated that NOX4 gets involved in the regulation of tumor proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance, tumor-stromal interaction and dysregulated tumor metabolism. In this review, we primarily discussed the biological function of NOX4 in tumorigenesis and progression of multiple cancer models, including its role in activating oncogenic signaling pathways, rewiring the metabolic phenotype and mediating immune response. Besides, the development of NOX4 inhibitors has also been unraveled. Herein, we discussed the interplay between NOX4 and tumorigenesis, proposing NOX4 as a promising therapeutic target waiting for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Gong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingrui Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Mingrui Shao,
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Colorectal Cancer in Younger Adults. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2022; 36:449-470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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López-Jiménez T, Duarte-Salles T, Plana-Ripoll O, Recalde M, Xavier-Cos F, Puente D. Association between metabolic syndrome and 13 types of cancer in Catalonia: A matched case-control study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264634. [PMID: 35245317 PMCID: PMC8896701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the simultaneous occurrence of a cluster of predefined cardiovascular risk factors. Although individual MS components are associated with increased risk of cancer, it is still unclear whether the association between MS and cancer differs from the association between individual MS components and cancer. The aim of this matched case-control study was to estimate the association of 13 types of cancer with (1) MS and (2) the diagnosis of 0, 1 or 2 individual MS components. Methods Cases included 183,248 patients ≥40 years from the SIDIAP database with incident cancer diagnosed between January 2008-December 2017. Each case was matched to four controls by inclusion date, sex and age. Adjusted conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between MS and cancer risk, comparing the effect of global MS versus having one or two individual components of MS. Results MS was associated with an increased risk of the following cancers: colorectal (OR: 1.28, 95%CI: 1.23–1.32), liver (OR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.74–2.14), pancreas (OR: 1.79, 95%CI: 1.63–1.98), post-menopausal breast (OR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.06–1.15), pre-menopausal endometrial (OR: 2.14, 95%CI: 1.74–2.65), post-menopausal endometrial (OR: 2.46, 95%CI: 2.20–2.74), bladder (OR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.34–1.48), kidney (OR: 1.84, 95%CI: 1.69–2.00), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.10–1.38), leukaemia (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.31–1.54), lung (OR: 1.11, 95%CI: 1.05–1.16) and thyroid (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.50–1.95). Except for prostate, pre-menopause breast cancer and Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, MS is associated with a higher risk of cancer than 1 or 2 individual MS components. Estimates were significantly higher in men than in women for colorectal and lung cancer, and in smokers than in non-smokers for lung cancer. Conclusion MS is associated with a higher risk of developing 11 types of common cancer, with a positive correlation between number of MS components and risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomàs López-Jiménez
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Talita Duarte-Salles
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oleguer Plana-Ripoll
- Department of Economics and Business Economics, National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martina Recalde
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Francesc Xavier-Cos
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Innovacio•Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
- Chairman Primary Care Diabetes Europe, Ekerem, Belgium
- Foundation Network of Study Groups of Diabetes in Primary Care (redGDPS), Sabadell, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Sant Martí de Provençals, Primary Care Management, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Puente
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Sinicrope
- From the Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester, MN
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Sun CY, Zheng ZL, Chen CW, Lu BW, Liu D. Targeting Gut Microbiota With Natural Polysaccharides: Effective Interventions Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859206. [PMID: 35369480 PMCID: PMC8965082 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet, in particular high-fat diet (HFD) intake, can cause the development of several metabolic disorders, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). These popular metabolic diseases reduce the quality of life, and induce premature death worldwide. Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiota is inextricably associated with HFD-induced metabolic disorders, and dietary intervention of gut microbiota is an effective therapeutic strategy for these metabolic dysfunctions. Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate macromolecules and sources of fermentable dietary fiber that exhibit biological activities in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced metabolic diseases. Of note, natural polysaccharides are among the most potent modulators of the gut microbiota composition. However, the prebiotics-like effects of polysaccharides in treating HFD-induced metabolic diseases remain elusive. In this review, we introduce the critical role of gut microbiota human health and HFD-induced metabolic disorders. Importantly, we review current knowledge about the role of natural polysaccharides in improving HFD-induced metabolic diseases by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | | | - Cun-Wu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Bao-Wei Lu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, China
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Loponte HF, Oliveira IA, Rodrigues BC, Nunes-da-Fonseca R, Mohana-Borges R, Alisson-Silva F, Dias WB, Todeschini AR. Hyperglycemia alters N-glycans on colon cancer cells through increased production of activated monosaccharides. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:663-675. [PMID: 35380345 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is both, correlated and a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Besides favoring the incidence of CRC, DM also accelerates its progression, worsening its prognosis. Previously, hyperglycemia, the DM hallmark, has been shown to lead to aberrant glycosylation of CRC cells, heightening their malignancy both in vivo and in vitro. Here we use mass spectrometry to elucidate the composition and putative structures of N-glycans expressed by MC38 cultured in normoglycemic (LG) and hyperglycemic-like conditions (HG). N-glycans, 67, were identified in MC38 cells cultured in LG and HG. The cells grown in HG showed a greater abundance of N-glycans when compared to LNG cells, without changes in the proportion of sialylated, fucosylated and mannosylated N-glycans. Among the identified N-glycans, 16 were differentially expressed, mostly mannosylated and fucosylated, with a minority of them being sialylated. Metabolomics analysis indicates that the alterations observed in the N-glycosylation may be mostly due to increase of the activated monosaccharides pool, through an increased glucose entrance into the cells. The alterations found here corroborate data from the literature regarding the progression of CRC, advocating for development or repositioning of effective treatments against CRC in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Loponte
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I A Oliveira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B C Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27965‑550, Macaé, Brazil
| | - R Nunes-da-Fonseca
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27965‑550, Macaé, Brazil
| | - R Mohana-Borges
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Alisson-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W B Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A R Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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70
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Molmenti CLS, Jacobs ET, Gupta S, Thomson CA. Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Call for Greater Rigor in Epidemiologic Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:507-511. [PMID: 35253042 PMCID: PMC9306432 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rates of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) have been rising by 0.5% to 2.4% annually for three decades, accounting for an estimated 12% of all colorectal cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2020. Enhancing the rigor and comprehensiveness of the epidemiology in terms of the exposures and prognostic biomarkers is essential if we are to modify risk factors and underlying mechanisms, ultimately arresting this unduly trend. This commentary serves to describe the disease trend, postulate underlying risk factors and mechanisms driving disease incidence, and proposes a call to action for cancer epidemiologists to promote increased and timely opportunities to intervene on this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Louise S. Molmenti
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York.,Institute of Cancer Research, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell HealthManhasset, New York.,Corresponding Author: Christine Louise S. Molmenti, Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, and Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Boulevard, Hempstead, NY 11549. Phone: 516-816-9028; E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth T. Jacobs
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Samir Gupta
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Cynthia A. Thomson
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Health Promotion Sciences Department, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health Distinguished Outreach Faculty, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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71
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Ranasinghe R, Mathai M, Zulli A. A synopsis of modern - day colorectal cancer: Where we stand. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72
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Gu J, Li Y, Yu J, Hu M, Ji Y, Li L, Hu C, Wei G, Huo J. A risk scoring system to predict the individual incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:122. [PMID: 35093005 PMCID: PMC8801093 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing at an alarming rate and further studies are needed to identify risk factors and to develop prevention strategies. METHODS Risk factors significantly associated with EOCRC were identified using meta-analysis. An individual risk appraisal model was constructed using the Rothman-Keller model. Next, a group of random data sets was generated using the binomial distribution function method, to determine nodes of risk assessment levels and to identify low, medium, and high risk populations. RESULTS A total of 32,843 EOCRC patients were identified in this study, and nine significant risk factors were identified using meta-analysis, including male sex, Caucasian ethnicity, sedentary lifestyle, inflammatory bowel disease, and high intake of red meat and processed meat. After simulating the risk assessment data of 10,000 subjects, scores of 0 to 0.0018, 0.0018 to 0.0036, and 0.0036 or more were respectively considered as low-, moderate-, and high-risk populations for the EOCRC population based on risk trends from the Rothman-Keller model. CONCLUSION This model can be used for screening of young adults to predict high risk of EOCRC and will contribute to the primary prevention strategies and the reduction of risk of developing EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Ji
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingchang Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoli Wei
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
- Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211200, Jiangsu, China.
- Yangzhou University Medical College, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiege Huo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 100 Cross Street, Maigaoqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210028, P.R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, China.
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Nguyen LH, Cao Y, Batyrbekova N, Roelstraete B, Ma W, Khalili H, Song M, Chan AT, Ludvigsson JF. Antibiotic Therapy and Risk of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A National Case-Control Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00437. [PMID: 35029165 PMCID: PMC8806371 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibiotic use has emerged as a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia and is hypothesized as a contributor to the rising incidence of colorectal cancer under age 50 years or early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). However, the impact of antibiotic use and risk of EOCRC is unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of CRC among individuals aged ≥18 years in the Epidemiology Strengthened by histoPathology Reports in Sweden (ESPRESSO) cohort (2006-2016). The primary outcome was EOCRC. A secondary outcome was CRC at any age. Incident CRC was pathologically confirmed, and for each, up to 5 population-based controls were matched on age, sex, county of residence, and calendar year. We assessed prescriptions until 6 months before CRC diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We identified 54,804 cases of CRC (2,557 EOCRCs) and 261,089 controls. Compared with none, previous antibiotic use was not associated with EOCRC risk after adjustment for potential confounders (aOR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.17) with similarly null findings when stratified by anatomic tumor site. In contrast, previous antibiotic use was weakly associated with elevated risk for CRC at any age (aOR 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.07). A potential but modest link between broad-spectrum antibiotic use and EOCRC was observed (aOR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.26). DISCUSSION We found no conclusive evidence that antibiotics are associated with EOCRC risk. Although antibiotic use was weakly associated with risk of CRC at any age, the magnitude of association was modest, and the study period was relatively short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long H. Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Nurgul Batyrbekova
- SDS Life Science AB, Danderyd, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Roelstraete
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonas F. Ludvigsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Paediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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74
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Rioli G, Mattei G, Bonamici C, Mancini S, Alboni S, Cannazza G, Sena P, Roncucci L, Pingani L, Ferrari S, Galeazzi GM. Gender differences in Anxious-depressive symptomatology, Metabolic Syndrome and Colorectal Adenomas among outpatients undergoing colonoscopy: a cross-sectional study according to a PNEI perspective. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022258. [PMID: 36043977 PMCID: PMC9534235 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i4.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK To explore gender differences in patients suffering from anxious-depressive symptoms, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Colorectal Adenomas (CRAs) in a sample of outpatients undergoing colonoscopy for screening purposes. METHODS Cross-sectional study. 126 consecutive outpatients of both sexes undergoing colonoscopy for non-specific abdominal symptoms between January 2015 and June 2021 at the Modena Policlinico General Hospital (Modena, Northern Italy) were enrolled. MetS was diagnosed according to ATPIII and IDF criteria. Anxiety and depression were assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), while the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used to study personality. The SF-36 was also included as a measure of quality of life perception. RESULTS Among 126 outpatients (51.60% male) undergoing colonoscopy, 51 (44%) had CRAs, 54 (47%) MetS, 41 (41.40%) anxiety symptoms, 22 (22.20%) depressive symptoms and 13 (13.10%) combined anxious-depressive symptoms. HADS-Anxiety (t=2.68, p=0.01) and TCI Reward Dependence (TCI-RD) (t=3.01, p=0.00) mean scores were significantly higher in women; conversely, SF-36 Mental Component Summary scores were higher in men. CRAs were significantly prevalent in men (χ2=9.32, p=0.00) and were statistically significantly associated with male sex at the univariate logistic regression analysis (OR=3.27; p<0.01). At the multivariate logistic regression, diastolic hypertension (p<0.01) was positively associated with male sex, while TCI-RD (p=0.04) and HDL hypocholesterolemia (p=0.02) were inversely associated with male sex. CONCLUSIONS Several significant gender differences in anxious-depressive symptoms, MetS and CRAs were found. These preliminary data suggest the need to consider gender specificities while implementing therapeutic, diagnostic, and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rioli
- PhD International School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italia
| | - Giorgio Mattei
- Associazione per la Ricerca in Psichiatria, Castelnuovo Rangone, Modena, Italy
| | - Caterina Bonamici
- Section of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Mancini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Guastalla Civil Hospital, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Guastalla, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Alboni
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy, Center for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannazza
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Sena
- Dipartimento Chirurgico, Medico, Odontoiatrico e di Scienze Morfologiche con Interesse Trapiantologico, Oncologico e di Medicina Rigenerativa, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Roncucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche Materno-Infantili e dell’Adulto, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pingani
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italia, Section of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italia, Section of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Galeazzi
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Dipendenze Patologiche, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italia, Section of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Ma Y, Qu R, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Zhang Z, Fu W. Progress in the Study of Colorectal Cancer Caused by Altered Gut Microbiota After Cholecystectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:815999. [PMID: 35282463 PMCID: PMC8907136 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.815999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in people who undergo cholecystectomy compared to healthy individuals. After cholecystectomy, bile enters the duodenum directly, unregulated by the timing of meals. Disruption of the balance of bile acid metabolism and increased production of primary bile acids, which in turn affects the composition and abundance of intestinal microorganisms. The link among cholecystectomy, the gut microbiota, and the occurrence and development of CRC is becoming clearer. However, due to the complexity of the microbial community, the mechanistic connections are less well understood. In this review, we summarize the changes of gut microbiota after cholecystectomy and illuminate the potential mechanisms on CRC, such as inflammation and immune regulation, production of genotoxins, metabolism of dietary ingredients, activation of signaling pathways, and so on. By reviewing these, we aimed to unravel the interactions between the gut microbiota and its host and be better positioned to develop treatments for CRC after cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruize Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Zhang, ; Wei Fu,
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Zhang, ; Wei Fu,
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Permatasari HK, Nurkolis F, Gunawan WB, Yusuf VM, Yusuf M, Kusuma RJ, Sabrina N, Muharram FR, Taslim NA, Mayulu N, Batubara SC, Samtiya M, Hardinsyah H, Tsopmo A. Modulation of gut microbiota and markers of metabolic syndrome in mice on cholesterol and fat enriched diet by butterfly pea flower kombucha. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1251-1265. [PMID: 36046779 PMCID: PMC9421331 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Clitoria ternatea, with an alternative name, Butterfly pea, is increasingly being explored for medical purposes and the development of a wide range of processed products. This study aimed to incorporate Butterfly pea into an innovative probiotic drink through a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY) fermentation and to evaluate the biological activity. The benefits of the drink, referred to as butterfly pea flower kombucha (KBPF) was determined in vitro and in metabolically disorder mice that receive a diet rich in cholesterol and fat (CFED). Forty white male were categorized into four groups, i.e., A = Control/Normal Diet; B = CFED alone; C = CFED + KBPF 65 mg/kg BW (Body Weight); D = CFED + KBPF 130 mg/kg BW, and then sacrificed after 6 weeks of intervention. Seventy-nine secondary metabolite compounds were successfully identified in KBPF using LC-HRMS. In vitro studies showed the potential activity of KBPF in inhibiting not only ABTS, but also lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate (α-amylase, α-glucosidase) hydrolyzing enzymes to levels similar to acarbose control at 50–250 μg/mL. In the in vivo study, the administration of KBPF (130 mg/kg BW) significantly alleviated metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet. Specifically, lipid profile (HDL, LDL, TC, TG), blood glucose, markers of oxidative stress (SOD liver), metabolic enzymes (lipase, amylase), and markers of inflammation (PGC-1α, TNF-α, and IL-10) were in most cases restored to normal values. Additionally, the gut microbiota community analysis showed that KBPF has a positive effect (p = 0.01) on both the Bacteroidetes phylum and the Firmicutes phylum. The new KBPF drink is a promising therapeutic functional food for preventing metabolic diseases. Clitoria ternatea or Butterfly pea flower processed or innovated into a functional probiotic drink, namely KBPF. A total of 79 Secondary metabolite compounds of KBPF were successfully identified. In vitro studies showed the potential activity of KBPF in inhibiting ABTS, lipase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase. Administering a dose of 130 mg/kg BW KBPF was significantly promising in the alleviation of biomarker metabolic disorders with immunomodulatory effects. By modulating the diversity of the gut microbiome, KBPF can be a promising nutraceutical in preventing metabolic syndrome with inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Happy Kurnia Permatasari
- Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fahrul Nurkolis
- Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Nutrition Science Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia
| | | | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Medical Programme, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
| | - Rio Jati Kusuma
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55223, Indonesia
| | - Nindy Sabrina
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Farizal Rizky Muharram
- Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Jl. Mayjen. Prof. Dr. Moestopo 47, Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60132, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nelly Mayulu
- Nutrition and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 95115, Indonesia
| | | | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, 123029, India
| | - Hardinsyah Hardinsyah
- Applied Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, K1S5B6, Canada
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Hur J, Otegbeye E, Joh HK, Nimptsch K, Ng K, Ogino S, Meyerhardt JA, Chan AT, Willett WC, Wu K, Giovannucci E, Cao Y. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake in adulthood and adolescence and risk of early-onset colorectal cancer among women. Gut 2021; 70:2330-2336. [PMID: 33958435 PMCID: PMC8571123 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption had substantially increased across successive US birth cohorts until 2000, and adolescents and young adults under age 50 years have the highest consumption. However, the link between SSBs and early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) remains unexamined. DESIGN In the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2015), we prospectively investigated the association of SSB intake in adulthood and adolescence with EO-CRC risk among 95 464 women who had reported adulthood beverage intake using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) every 4 years. A subset of 41 272 participants reported beverage intake at age 13-18 years using a validated high school-FFQ in 1998. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs. RESULTS We documented 109 EO-CRC cases. Compared with individuals who consumed <1 serving/week of SSBs in adulthood, women who consumed ≥2 servings/day had a more than doubled risk of EO-CRC (RR 2.18; 95% CI 1.10 to 4.35; ptrend=0.02), with a 16% higher risk (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.36) per serving/day increase. Each serving/day increment of SSB intake at age 13-18 years was associated with a 32% higher risk of EO-CRC (RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.75). Replacing each serving/day of adulthood SSB intake with that of artificially sweetened beverages, coffee, reduced fat milk or total milk was associated with a 17%-36% lower risk of EO-CRC. CONCLUSION Higher SSB intake in adulthood and adolescence was associated with a higher risk of EO-CRC among women. Reduction of SSB consumption among adolescents and young adults may serve as a potential strategy to alleviate the growing burden of EO-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ebunoluwa Otegbeye
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hee-Kyung Joh
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Katharina Nimptsch
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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78
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The Role of Diet and Lifestyle in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235933. [PMID: 34885046 PMCID: PMC8657307 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This systematic review sifted through the exogenous dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal cancer, going through the putative involvement of these exogenous risk factors in epigenetic and microbiota modifications. Given the burden of early-onset colorectal cancer and its globally increasing trend with scant literature on its pathogenesis, we believe it would be of benefit to highlight the importance of further systematic and large studies. Indeed, dietary and lifestyle modification could complement colorectal screening for early-onset colorectal cancer prevention. Abstract The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer, defined as colorectal cancer occurring in young adults under the age of 50, is increasing globally. Knowledge of the etiological factors in young adults is far from complete. Questionable eoCRCs’ exogenous factors are represented by processed meat, sugary drinks, alcohol, Western dietary pattern, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, and smoking, though with heterogeneous results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to summarize the current evidence on the role of diet and lifestyle as eoCRC risk factors. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE up to July 2021, for original studies evaluating diet, alcohol, physical activity, BMI, and smoking in eoCRC and included twenty-six studies. Indeed, the exogenous factors could represent modifiable key factors, whose recognition could establish areas of future interventions through public health strategies for eoCRC primary prevention. Additionally, we discussed the role of additional non-modifiable risk factors, and of epigenetic regulation and microbiota as mediators of the eoCRC triggered by diet and lifestyle.
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79
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Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A New Look at Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Role of Novel Antidiabetic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212409. [PMID: 34830295 PMCID: PMC8622770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data have demonstrated a significant association between the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation, the processes inherent to T2DM, also play active roles in the onset and progression of CRC. Recently, small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, a typical characteristic of diabetic dyslipidemia, emerged as another possible underlying link between T2DM and CRC. Growing evidence suggests that antidiabetic medications may have beneficial effects in CRC prevention. According to findings from a limited number of preclinical and clinical studies, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) could be a promising strategy in reducing the incidence of CRC in patients with diabetes. However, available findings are inconclusive, and further studies are required. In this review, novel evidence on molecular mechanisms linking T2DM with CRC development, progression, and survival will be discussed. In addition, the potential role of GLP-1RAs therapies in CRC prevention will also be evaluated.
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80
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Torres S, Medina RB, Vasallo Morillas MI, Isla MI, Gauffin-Cano P. Editorial: Functional Foods and Bioactive Food Ingredients in Prevention and Alleviation of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Nutr 2021; 8:788941. [PMID: 34778350 PMCID: PMC8585735 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.788941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torres
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV, CONICET - UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Roxana Beatriz Medina
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA, CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | | | - María Inés Isla
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV, CONICET - UNT), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, UNT, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Paola Gauffin-Cano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA, CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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81
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Li X, Lyu C, Luo Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Yang C, Dai Q, Li H, Zhou Y, Li Z, Chen F, Gao Y. The roles of IGF2 and DNMT methylation and elongase6 related fatty acids in metabolic syndrome. Food Funct 2021; 12:10253-10262. [PMID: 34549217 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased along with rapid socio-economic development in China in recent decades, aggravating the burden of the health care system. Both plasma levels of fatty acids (FAs) and aberrant DNA methylation profiles are associated with MetS risk. However, studies exploring the role of DNA methylation and FAs simultaneously in MetS etiology are sparse. Objective: We aimed to explore the association between the gene methylation levels of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2), H19, DNA methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1), DNA methyltransferases 3a (DNMT3a), and DNA methyltransferases 3b (DNMT3b) and MetS risk, and the etiological role of elongation of very-long-chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) related fatty acids. Method: Plasma levels of FAs were measured using a Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) after organic extraction, and gene methylation was quantified using a real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR) detecting system after bisulfite treatment. The C18/C16 ratio was used as the indicator of ELOVL6 activity. Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were estimated with logistic regression. Results: Methylation levels in IGF2 and DNMT3a were not significantly associated with MetS risk. However, when stratified by C18/C16 ratio (high vs. low), positive associations were observed between the risk of MetS and methylation levels (>median) of IGF2a3 (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.3-7.5) and DNMT3a (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-5.8) genes, in individuals with lower C18/C16 ratios, while no significant associations were observed in subjects with high C18/C16 ratios. Conclusion: Methylation levels in IGF2 and DNMT3a genes may affect the risk of MetS in an ELOVL6 activity-dependent way among Chinese adults. Further studies in other populations are needed to validate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - ZhongCheng Luo
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhongli Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chun Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunhua Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fuxue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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82
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Hayes RB. Advances in Understanding Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1775-1777. [PMID: 34607882 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (at <50 years of age) in the US has increased by more than 50%; similar increases have also been observed internationally. These increases are found particularly among individuals born during and after the 1960s, raising the possibility that the increased rates of early-onset colorectal cancer are attributable to changes in risk-factor patterns throughout successive generations. The reasons for these alarming epidemiologic patterns for early-onset colorectal cancer worldwide are only recently being investigated and major gaps in our knowledge remain. In the current issue of this journal, Arif and colleagues differentiated characteristics and outcomes of early-onset colorectal cancer in patients with the predisposing conditions of inflammatory bowel disease or hereditary genetic syndromes, compared with patients who have sporadic disease. Also, in this issue, Schumacher and colleagues investigated risk factors for early-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma in a nested case-control study among Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) health plan members. The research presented on characteristics and outcomes points to the importance of sporadic disease in the rise of early-onset colorectal cancer, while the research presented on risk factors points to the importance of obesity as a potential explanatory factor for this rise.See related articles by Arif et al., p. 1785 and by Schumacher et al., p. 1792.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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83
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Metabolic syndrome and the risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:2215-2225. [PMID: 34331119 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03974-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Observational studies have reported an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and colorectal cancer risk with inconsistent risk estimates. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with MetS. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for related studies from database inception to 21 January 2021. Risk estimates for colorectal cancer were extracted from individual articles and pooled using a fixed-effect or random-effect model according to the heterogeneity. RESULTS MetS was significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer in both sexes (relative risk [RR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.47, P < 0.001), men (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.21-1.47, P < 0.001), and women (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.52, P < 0.001). The risk of colorectal cancer seemed to increase as the number of MetS components rose. Moreover, the high body mass index (BMI)/waist circumference (WC) and hyperglycemia were all significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (RR 1.28 [1.20-1.37] and 1.31 [1.14-1.50] in both sexes, RR 1.31 [1.19-1.45] and 1.23 [1.03-1.46] in men, and RR 1.22 [1.02-1.46] and 1.63 [1.16-2.28] in women, respectively). CONCLUSIONS MetS was significantly associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer. The high BMI/WC or hyperglycemia might largely account for this association. Further analysis suggested that, as the number of MetS components increased, the risk of colorectal cancer rose.
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84
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Petrick JL, Barber LE, Warren Andersen S, Florio AA, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Racial Disparities and Sex Differences in Early- and Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer Incidence, 2001-2018. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734998. [PMID: 34568072 PMCID: PMC8459723 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates have increased in younger individuals worldwide. We examined the most recent early- and late-onset CRC rates for the US. Methods Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR, per 100,000) of CRC were calculated using the US Cancer Statistics Database’s high-quality population-based cancer registry data from the entire US population. Results were cross-classified by age (20-49 [early-onset] and 50-74 years [late-onset]), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian/Pacific Islander), sex, anatomic location (proximal, distal, rectal), and histology (adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine). Results During 2001 through 2018, early-onset CRC rates significantly increased among American Indians/Alaskan Natives, Hispanics, and Whites. Compared to Whites, early-onset CRC rates are now 21% higher in American Indians/Alaskan Natives and 6% higher in Blacks. Rates of early-onset colorectal neuroendocrine tumors have increased in Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics; early-onset colorectal neuroendocrine tumor rates are 2-times higher in Blacks compared to Whites. Late-onset colorectal adenocarcinoma rates are decreasing, while late-onset colorectal neuroendocrine tumor rates are increasing, in all racial/ethnic groups. Late-onset CRC rates remain 29% higher in Blacks and 15% higher in American Indians/Alaskan Natives compared to Whites. Overall, CRC incidence was higher in men than women, but incidence of early-onset distal colon cancer was higher in women. Conclusions The early-onset CRC disparity between Blacks and Whites has decreased, due to increasing rates in Whites—rates in Blacks have remained stable. However, rates of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors are increasing in Blacks. Blacks and American Indians/Alaskan Natives have the highest rates of both early- and late-onset CRC. Impact Ongoing prevention efforts must ensure access to and uptake of CRC screening for Blacks and American Indians/Alaskan Natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Petrick
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren E Barber
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaneda Warren Andersen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Cancer Prevention and Control, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea A Florio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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85
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Lazarova D, Bordonaro M. Multifactorial causation of early onset colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:6825-6834. [PMID: 34659571 PMCID: PMC8517991 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple-hit hypothesis of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), states that neoplastic development requires a sequence of mutations and epigenetic changes in driver genes. We have previously proposed that obesity increases CRC risk by supporting neoplastic development through adipokine-induced signaling, and this proliferative signaling substitutes for specific driver gene mutations. In support of this hypothesis, analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mutation data have revealed that obese patients with microsatellite stable CRC exhibit fewer driver gene mutations than CRC patients with normal body mass index. The lower number of driver gene mutations required for cancer development may shorten the neoplastic process and lead to an early onset of CRC. Therefore, obesity could be one factor explaining the rise of CRC incidence among younger individuals (< 50 years of age); furthermore, early onset CRC has been associated with the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome and obesity in this age group. However, CRC incidence among older individuals (> 50 years of age) is stable or declining, despite the high rates of metabolic syndrome and obesity in this age group. In search for explanations of this phenomenon, we discuss several factors that may contribute to the divergent CRC incidence trends in populations under, and above, the age of 50, despite the rising levels of metabolic syndrome and obesity across all ages. First, older individuals with metabolic dysregulation are more frequently on maintenance medications, such as aspirin, β-blockers, lipid-lowering drugs, ACE inhibitors, metformin, etc., compared to younger individuals. Such treatments may suppress specific adipokine-induced proliferative signaling pathways, and therefore counteract and slow down neoplastic development in medicated overweight/obese individuals. Second, in the past decades, the incidence of infectious diseases accompanied by febrile episodes has been decreasing and the use of antipyretics increasing. Compared to normal cells, neoplastic cells are more sensitive to high body temperature; therefore, the decreased number of febrile episodes in childhood and adolescence may contribute to increased cancer incidence before the age of 50. Third, obesity at younger age may expand the stem cell compartment. An increased number of intestinal stem cells and stem cell divisions translates into a higher probability of sporadic mutations in the stem cells, and therefore, a greater chance of neoplasia. In conclusion, we hypothesize that early onset CRC has multifactorial causation and the proposed associations could be examined through analyses of existing data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Medical Education, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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86
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Thompson CA, Begi T, Parada H. Alarming recent rises in early-onset colorectal cancer. Cancer 2021; 128:230-233. [PMID: 34529834 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Thompson
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, California.,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Talia Begi
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, California
| | - Humberto Parada
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Diego State University School of Public Health, San Diego, California.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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87
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Zhang X, Wong VWS, Yip TCF, Tse YK, Liang LY, Hui VWK, Li GL, Chan HLY, Wong GLH. Colonoscopy and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Retrospective Territory-Wide Cohort Study. Hepatol Commun 2021; 5:1212-1223. [PMID: 34278170 PMCID: PMC8279466 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of colonoscopy and/or polypectomy for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the incidence rate of CRC in patients with NAFLD who had and had not undergone colonoscopy. We conducted a retrospective territory-wide cohort study for patients aged over 40 years with NAFLD identified with the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2014. Patients were followed until CRC diagnosis, death, or December 31, 2017. We estimated CRC incidence and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) using the general population of Hong Kong as reference. We included 8,351 patients with NAFLD in the final analysis (median age, 56.2 years; interquartile ratio [IQR], 49.2-65.3 years; 45.4% male; median follow-up, 7.4 years; IQR, 5.4-9.6 years). Compared with the general population, patients with NAFLD who had not undergone colonoscopy had a higher incidence of CRC (SIR, 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64-2.88; P < 0.001). Patients with NAFLD who had undergone colonoscopy had a lower incidence of CRC (SIR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.75; P < 0.001), especially among those aged above 50 years or with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with NAFLD with a high fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score (>2.67) had a significantly higher risk of CRC after adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors. Conclusion: Patients with NAFLD who had undergone colonoscopy had a lower incidence of CRC than the general population, especially among those aged ≥50 years or with DM. A high FIB-4 index was associated with a higher risk of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Yee-Kit Tse
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Lilian Yan Liang
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Vicki Wing-Ki Hui
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Guan-Lin Li
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Henry Lik-Yuen Chan
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Grace Lai-Hung Wong
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Medical Data Analytic CenterThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina.,Institute of Digestive DiseaseFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina
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Otegbeye EE, Colditz GA, Cao Y. Prevention of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Not One Size Fits All. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2021; 5:pkab030. [PMID: 34041439 PMCID: PMC8134520 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ebunoluwa E Otegbeye
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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89
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Kanter K, Fish M, Mauri G, Horick NK, Allen JN, Blaszkowsky LS, Clark JW, Ryan DP, Nipp RD, Giantonio BJ, Goyal L, Dubois J, Murphy JE, Franses J, Klempner SJ, Roeland EJ, Weekes CD, Wo JY, Hong TS, Van Seventer EE, Corcoran RB, Parikh AR. Care Patterns and Overall Survival in Patients With Early-Onset Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:e1846-e1855. [PMID: 34043449 DOI: 10.1200/op.20.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in patients younger than 50 years of age, commonly defined as early-onset (EO-CRC), is rising. EO-CRC often presents with distinct clinicopathologic features. However, data on prognosis are conflicting and outcomes with modern treatment approaches for metastatic disease are still limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) to a biobanking and clinical data collection protocol from 2014 to 2018. We grouped the cohort based on age at initial diagnosis: < 40 years, 40-49 years, and ≥ 50 years. We used regression models to examine associations among age at initial diagnosis, treatments, clinicopathologic features, and survival. RESULTS We identified 466 patients with mCRC (45 [10%] age < 40 years, 109 [23%] age 40-49 years, and 312 [67%] age ≥ 50 years). Patients < 40 years of age were more likely to have received multiple metastatic resections (odds ratio [OR], 3.533; P = .0066) than their older counterparts. Patients with EO-CRC were more likely to receive triplet therapy than patients > 50 years of age (age < 40 years: OR, 6.738; P = .0002; age 40-49 years: OR, 2.949; P = .0166). Patients 40-49 years of age were more likely to have received anti-EGFR therapy (OR, 2.633; P = .0016). Despite differences in care patterns, age did not predict overall survival. CONCLUSION Despite patients with EO-CRC receiving more intensive treatments, survival was similar to the older counterpart. However, EO-CRC had clinical and molecular features associated with worse prognoses. Improved biologic understanding is needed to optimize clinical management of EO-CRC. The cost-benefit ratio of exposing patients with EO-CRC to more intensive treatments has to be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Kanter
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Madeleine Fish
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gianluca Mauri
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano (La Statale), Milan, Italy
| | - Nora K Horick
- Department of Statistics, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jill N Allen
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lawrence S Blaszkowsky
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey W Clark
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David P Ryan
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan D Nipp
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce J Giantonio
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lipika Goyal
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jon Dubois
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Janet E Murphy
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Franses
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel J Klempner
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric J Roeland
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Colin D Weekes
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer Y Wo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Theodore S Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Emily E Van Seventer
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ryan B Corcoran
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Aparna R Parikh
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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90
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Wallace K, Nahhas GJ, Bookhout C, Lewin DN, Paulos CM, Nikolaishvili-Feinberg N, Cohen SM, Guglietta S, Bakhtiari A, Camp ER, Hill EG, Baron JA, Wu JD, Alekseyenko AV. Preinvasive Colorectal Lesions of African Americans Display an Immunosuppressive Signature Compared to Caucasian Americans. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659036. [PMID: 33987094 PMCID: PMC8112239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background African Americans (AAs) have higher colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rate than Caucasian Americans (CAs). Recent studies suggest that immune responses within CRCs contribute to the disparities. If racially distinct immune signatures are present in the early phases of carcinogenesis, they could be used to develop interventions to prevent or slow disease. Methods We selected a convenience sample of 95 patients (48 CAs, 47 AAs) with preinvasive colorectal adenomas from the surgical pathology laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina. Using immunofluorescent-conjugated antibodies on tissue slides from the lesions, we quantified specific immune cell populations: mast cells (CD117+), Th17 cells (CD4+RORC+), and NK cell ligand (MICA/B) and inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-γ. We compared the mean density counts (MDCs) and density rate ratios (RR) and 95% CI of immune markers between AAs to CAs using negative binomial regression analysis. We adjusted our models for age, sex, clinicopathologic characteristics (histology, location, dysplasia), and batch. Results We observed no racial differences in age or sex at the baseline endoscopic exam. AAs compared to CAs had a higher prevalence of proximal adenomas (66% vs. 40%) and a lower prevalence of rectal adenomas (11% vs. 23%) (p =0.04) but no other differences in pathologic characteristics. In age, sex, and batch adjusted models, AAs vs. CAs had lower RRs for cells labeled with IFNγ (RR 0.50 (95% CI 0.32-0.81); p=0.004) and NK cell ligand (RR 0.67 (0.43-1.04); p=0.07). In models adjusted for age, sex, and clinicopathologic variables, AAs had reduced RRs relative to CAs for CD4 (p=0.02), NK cell ligands (p=0.01), Th17 (p=0.005), mast cells (p=0.04) and IFN-γ (p< 0.0001). Conclusions Overall, the lower RRs in AAs vs. CAs suggests reduced effector response capacity and an immunosuppressive (‘cold’) tumor environment. Our results also highlight the importance of colonic location of adenoma in influencing these differences; the reduced immune responses in AAs relative to CAs may indicate impaired immune surveillance in early carcinogenesis. Future studies are needed to understand the role of risk factors (such as obesity) in influencing differences in immune responses by race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wallace
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Georges J Nahhas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Christine Bookhout
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David N Lewin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Chrystal M Paulos
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Microbiology/Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Stephanie M Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Silvia Guglietta
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Ali Bakhtiari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - E Ramsay Camp
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - John A Baron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer D Wu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States.,Bioinformatics Center, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, MUSC, Charleston, SC, United States
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91
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Burnett-Hartman AN, Lee JK, Demb J, Gupta S. An Update on the Epidemiology, Molecular Characterization, Diagnosis, and Screening Strategies for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1041-1049. [PMID: 33417940 PMCID: PMC8273929 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rising trends in the incidence and mortality of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) in those who are younger than 50 years have been well established. These trends have spurred intense investigation focused on elucidating the epidemiology and characteristics of early-onset CRC, as well as on identifying strategies for early detection and prevention. In this review, we provide a contemporary update on early-onset CRC with a particular focus on epidemiology, molecular characterization, red flag signs and symptoms, and screening for early-onset CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey K Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California; Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
| | - Joshua Demb
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Samir Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
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92
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Propolis in Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associated Chronic Diseases: A Narrative Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030348. [PMID: 33652692 PMCID: PMC7996839 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous product collected by bees from plants to protect and maintain the homeostasis of their hives. Propolis has been used therapeutically by humans for centuries. This review article attempts to analyze the potential use of propolis in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its associated chronic diseases. MetS and its chronic diseases were shown to be involved in at least seven out of the top 10 causes of death in 2019. Patients with MetS are also at a heightened risk of severe morbidity and mortality in the present COVID-19 pandemic. Propolis with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties is potentially useful in ameliorating the symptoms of MetS and its associated chronic diseases. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review on propolis and its therapeutic benefit in MetS and its chronic diseases, with an emphasis on in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as human clinical trials. Moreover, the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of action of propolis are also discussed. Propolis inhibits the development and manifestation of MetS and its chronic diseases by inhibiting of the expression and interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptors (RAGEs), inhibiting pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, and promoting the cellular antioxidant systems.
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93
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Han F, Wu G, Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Xu J. The association of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components with the Incidence and Survival of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:487-497. [PMID: 33613107 PMCID: PMC7893592 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.52452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis was aimed to quantitatively assess the associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for eligible studies. A total of 18 studies for CRC incidence and 12 studies for CRC mortality were identified. Results: MetS was associated with an increased risk of CRC incidence and mortality in male (RR: 1.28, 95 % CI 1.16-1.39, and 1.24, 1.18-1.31, respectively) and correlated with an increased risk of CRC incidence in female (RR: 1.21, 1.13-1.30), but not with CRC mortality in female. MetS increased the risk of cancer-specific mortality (RR: 1.72, 1.03-2.42), but not overall mortality. The risk estimates of CRC incidence changed little depending on age, sex, cancer site, the type of studies, ethnicity, publication year, or definition of MetS. As for CRC mortality, further stratified analyses indicated statistical significance in studies with assessing cancer-specific survival outcome, in male, a cohort design, ethnicity of non-Chinese or with definition of MetS as ≥ 3 metabolic abnormalities. Obesity and hyperglycemia are risk factors of CRC incidence in both male and female. Only dysglycemia is the risk factor for CRC mortality. Conclusions: MetS is associated with an increased risk of CRC incidence and cancer-specific mortality, but not overall mortality. In addition, MetS may increase the CRC mortality in male rather than in female. However, since most of the studies on CRC mortality were conducted in Chinese, further studies are needed to clarify this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Guanghai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Judong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
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94
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Zhao Y, Wang C, Goel A. Role of gut microbiota in epigenetic regulation of colorectal Cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188490. [PMID: 33321173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The stepwise accumulation of epigenetic alterations in the normal colorectal epithelium has been reported to act as a driving force for the initiation and promotion of tumorigenesis in CRC. From a mechanistic standpoint, emerging evidence indicates that within the colorectal epithelium, the diverse gut microbiota can interact with host cells to regulate multiple physiological processes. In fact, recent studies have found that the gut microbiota represents a potential cause of carcinogenesis, invasion, and metastasis via DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs - providing an epigenetic perspective for the connection between the gut microbiota and CRC. Herein, we comprehensively review the recent research that provides a comprehensive yet succinct evidence connecting the gut microbiota to CRC at an epigenetic level, including carcinogenic mechanisms of cancer-related microbiota, and the potential for utilizing the gut microbiota as CRC biomarkers. These scientific findings highlight a promising future for manipulating the gut microbiota to improve clinical outcomes in patients suffering from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Tumor Marker Detection, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Clinical Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Ajay Goel
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Experimental Therapeutics, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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