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Ma R, Gong X, Jiang H, Lin C, Chen Y, Xu X, Zhang C, Wang J, Lu W, Zhong N. Reduced nuclear translocation of serum response factor is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in a cigarette smoke-induced mouse model of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:581-587. [PMID: 28260872 PMCID: PMC5327903 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s109243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction are common complications in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor which is critical in myocyte differentiation and growth. In this study, we established a mouse COPD model induced by cigarette smoking (CS) exposure for 24 weeks, with apparent pathophysiological changes, including increased airway resistance, enlarged alveoli, and skeletal muscle atrophy. Levels of upstream regulators of SRF, striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS), and ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) were decreased in quadriceps muscle of COPD mice. Meanwhile, the nucleic location of SRF was diminished along with its cytoplasmic accumulation. There was a downregulation of the target muscle-specific gene, Igf1. These results suggest that the CS is one of the major causes for COPD pathogenesis, which induces the COPD-associated skeletal muscle atrophy which is closely related to decreasing SRF nucleic translocation, consequently downregulating the SRF target genes involved in muscle growth and nutrition. The STARS/RhoA signaling pathway might contribute to this course by impacting SRF subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefang Gong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenju Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Barreiro E. Disfunción muscular en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica: novedades en la última década. Arch Bronconeumol 2017; 53:43-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Bioinformatic analysis of microRNA and mRNA Regulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2017; 18:4. [PMID: 28057018 PMCID: PMC5217451 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, irreversible chronic inflammatory disorder typified by increased recruitment of monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Because of this, as well as the convenience of peripheral blood nuclear cells (PBMCs) assessments, miRNA profiling of PBMCs has drawn increasing attention in recent years for various disease. Therefore, we analyzed miRNA and mRNA profiles to understand their regulatory network between COPD subjects versus smokers without airflow limitation. METHODS miRNA and mRNA profiling of PBMCs from pooled 17 smokers and 14 COPD subjects was detected by high-throughput microarray. The expression of dysregulated miRNAs were validated by q-PCR. The miRNA targets in dysregulated mRNAs were predicted and the pathway enrichment was analyzed. RESULTS miRNA microarray showed that 8 miRNAs were up-regulated and 3 miRNAs were down-regulated in COPD subjects compared with smokers; the upregulation of miR-24-3p, miR-93-5p, miR-320a and miR-320b and the downregulation of miR-1273 g-3p were then validated. Bioinformatic analysis of regulatory network between miRNA and mRNA showed that NOD and TLR were the most enriched pathways. miR-24-3p was predicted to regulate IL-18, IL-1β, TNF, CCL3 and CCL4 and miR-93-5p to regulate IκBα. CONCLUSIONS The expression of miRNA and mRNA were dysregulated in PBMCs of COPD patients compared with smokers without airflow limitation. The regulation network between the dysregulated miRNA and mRNA may provide potential therapeutic targets for COPD.
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Alipoor SD, Adcock IM, Garssen J, Mortaz E, Varahram M, Mirsaeidi M, Velayati A. The roles of miRNAs as potential biomarkers in lung diseases. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:395-404. [PMID: 27634639 PMCID: PMC7094636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which can act as master regulators of gene expression, modulate almost all biological process and are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been associated with aberrant gene expression and may lead to pathological conditions. Evidence suggests that miRNA expression profiles are altered between health and disease and as such may be considered as biomarkers of disease. Evidence is increasing that miRNAs are particularly important in lung homeostasis and development and have been demonstrated to be the involved in many pulmonary diseases such as asthma, COPD, sarcoidosis, lung cancer and other smoking related diseases. Better understanding of the function of miRNA and the mechanisms underlying their action in the lung, would help to improve current diagnosis and therapeutics strategies in pulmonary diseases. Recently, some miRNA-based drugs have been introduced as possible therapeutic agents. In this review we aim to summarize the recent findings regarding the role of miRNAs in the airways and lung and emphasise their potential therapeutic roles in pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D Alipoor
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Nutricia Research Centre for Specialized Nutrition, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK; Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research and Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Varahram
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aliakbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Baker JR, Vuppusetty C, Colley T, Papaioannou AI, Fenwick P, Donnelly L, Ito K, Barnes PJ. Oxidative stress dependent microRNA-34a activation via PI3Kα reduces the expression of sirtuin-1 and sirtuin-6 in epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35871. [PMID: 27767101 PMCID: PMC5073335 DOI: 10.1038/srep35871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and SIRT6, NAD+-dependent Class III protein deacetylases, are putative anti-aging enzymes, down-regulated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by the accelerated ageing of the lung and associated with increased oxidative stress. Here, we show that oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) selectively elevates microRNA-34a (miR-34a) but not the related miR-34b/c, with concomitant reduction of SIRT1/-6 in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS2B), which was also observed in peripheral lung samples from patients with COPD. Over-expression of a miR-34a mimic caused a significant reduction in both mRNA and protein of SIRT1/-6, whereas inhibition of miR-34a (antagomir) increased these sirtuins. Induction of miR-34a expression with H2O2 was phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) dependent as it was associated with PI3Kα activation as well as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) reduction. Importantly, miR-34a antagomirs increased SIRT1/-6 mRNA levels, whilst decreasing markers of cellular senescence in airway epithelial cells from COPD patients, suggesting that this process is reversible. Other sirtuin isoforms were not affected by miR-34a. Our data indicate that miR-34a is induced by oxidative stress via PI3K signaling, and orchestrates ageing responses under oxidative stress, therefore highlighting miR-34a as a new therapeutic target and biomarker in COPD and other oxidative stress-driven aging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Baker
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - C Vuppusetty
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - T Colley
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, U.K
| | | | - P Fenwick
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - Louise Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - K Ito
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, U.K
| | - P J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6LY, U.K
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Chacon-Cabrera A, Gea J, Barreiro E. Short- and Long-Term Hindlimb Immobilization and Reloading: Profile of Epigenetic Events in Gastrocnemius. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1415-1427. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Chacon-Cabrera
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Barcelona Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Barcelona Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS); Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF); Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES); Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Barcelona Spain
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Polkey MI, Griffiths MJ, Kemp PR. Muscle Regeneration after Critical Illness: Are Satellite Cells the Answer? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:780-782. [PMID: 27689701 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201603-0633ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Polkey
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, United Kingdom and
| | - Mark J Griffiths
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, United Kingdom and
| | - Paul R Kemp
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, United Kingdom and.,2 National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Duan Y, Zhou M, Xiao J, Wu C, Zhou L, Zhou F, Du C, Song Y. Prediction of key genes and miRNAs responsible for loss of muscle force in patients during an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1450-1462. [PMID: 28025995 PMCID: PMC5065306 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify genes and microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) that were abnormally expressed in the vastus lateralis muscle of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). The gene expression profile of GSE10828 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and this dataset was comprised of 4 samples from patients with AECOPD and 5 samples from patients with stable COPD. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the Limma package in R. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was built based on the STRING database. Module analysis of the PPI network was performed using the ClusterONE plugin and functional analysis of DEGs was conducted using DAVID. Additionally, key miRNAs were enriched using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) software and a miR-gene regulatory network was constructed using Cytoscape software. In total, 166 up- and 129 downregulated DEGs associated with muscle weakness in AECOPD were screened. Among them, NCL, GOT1, TMOD1, TSPO, SOD2, NCL and PA2G4 were observed in the modules consisting of upregulated or downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs in modules (including KLF6 and XRCC5) were enriched in GO terms associated with immune system development, whereas the downregulated DEGs were enriched in GO terms associated with cell death and muscle contraction. Additionally, 39 key AECOPD-related miRNAs were also predicted, including miR-1, miR-9 and miR-23a, miR-16 and miR-15a. In conclusion, DEGs (NCL, GOT1, SOD2, KLF6, XRCC5, TSPO and TMOD1) and miRNAs (such as miR-1, miR-9 and miR-23a) may be associated with the loss of muscle force in patients during an acute exacerbation of COPD which also may act as therapeutic targets in the treatment of AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinshan Branch of The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai 201599, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Chaomin Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201700, P.R. China
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Patel MS, Lee J, Baz M, Wells CE, Bloch S, Lewis A, Donaldson AV, Garfield BE, Hopkinson NS, Natanek A, Man WD, Wells DJ, Baker EH, Polkey MI, Kemp PR. Growth differentiation factor-15 is associated with muscle mass in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and promotes muscle wasting in vivo. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:436-48. [PMID: 27239406 PMCID: PMC4864181 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of muscle mass is a co-morbidity common to a range of chronic diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several systemic features of COPD including increased inflammatory signalling, oxidative stress, and hypoxia are known to increase the expression of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a protein associated with muscle wasting in other diseases. We therefore hypothesized that GDF-15 may contribute to muscle wasting in COPD. METHODS We determined the expression of GDF-15 in the serum and muscle of patients with COPD and analysed the association of GDF-15 expression with muscle mass and exercise performance. To determine whether GDF-15 had a direct effect on muscle, we also determined the effect of increased GDF-15 expression on the tibialis anterior of mice by electroporation. RESULTS Growth differentiation factor-15 was increased in the circulation and muscle of COPD patients compared with controls. Circulating GDF-15 was inversely correlated with rectus femoris cross-sectional area (P < 0.001) and exercise capacity (P < 0.001) in two separate cohorts of patients but was not associated with body mass index. GDF-15 levels were associated with 8-oxo-dG in the circulation of patients consistent with a role for oxidative stress in the production of this protein. Local over-expression of GDF-15 in mice caused wasting of the tibialis anterior muscle that expressed it but not in the contralateral muscle suggesting a direct effect of GDF-15 on muscle mass (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Together, the data suggest that GDF-15 contributes to the loss of muscle mass in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul S. Patel
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Jen Lee
- Section of Molecular MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Manuel Baz
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Claire E. Wells
- Institute of Infection and ImmunitySt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Susannah Bloch
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Amy Lewis
- Section of Molecular MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Anna V. Donaldson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Benjamin E. Garfield
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Nicholas S. Hopkinson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Amanda Natanek
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - William D‐C Man
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Dominic J. Wells
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Royal Veterinary CollegeLondonUK
| | - Emma H. Baker
- Institute of Infection and ImmunitySt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael I. Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research UnitRoyal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Paul R. Kemp
- Section of Molecular MedicineNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
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Involvement of the FoxO1/MuRF1/Atrogin-1 Signaling Pathway in the Oxidative Stress-Induced Atrophy of Cultured Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Myotubes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160092. [PMID: 27526027 PMCID: PMC4987766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to be one of the most important mechanisms implicated in the muscle wasting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but its role has never been demonstrated. We therefore assessed the effects of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant treatments on the oxidative stress levels and atrophic signaling pathway of cultured COPD myotubes. Treatment of cultured COPD myotubes with the pro-oxidant molecule H2O2 resulted in increased ROS production (P = 0.002) and protein carbonylation (P = 0.050), in association with a more pronounced atrophy of the myotubes, as reflected by a reduced diameter (P = 0.003), and the activated expression of atrophic markers MuRF1 and FoxO1 (P = 0.022 and P = 0.030, respectively). Conversely, the antioxidant molecule ascorbic acid induced a reduction in ROS production (P<0.001) and protein carbonylation (P = 0.019), and an increase in the myotube diameter (P<0.001) to a level similar to the diameter of healthy subject myotubes, in association with decreased expression levels of MuRF1, atrogin-1 and FoxO1 (P<0.001, P = 0.002 and P = 0.042, respectively). A significant negative correlation was observed between the variations in myotube diameter and the variations in the expression of MuRF1 after antioxidant treatment (P = 0.047). Moreover, ascorbic acid was able to prevent the H2O2-induced atrophy of COPD myotubes. Last, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 restored the basal atrophy level of the COPD myotubes and also suppressed the H2O2-induced myotube atrophy. These findings demonstrate for the first time the involvement of oxidative stress in the atrophy of COPD peripheral muscle cells in vitro, via the FoxO1/MuRF1/atrogin-1 signaling pathway of the ubiquitin/proteasome system.
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Wang H, Wang B. Extracellular vesicle microRNAs mediate skeletal muscle myogenesis and disease. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:296-300. [PMID: 27588172 PMCID: PMC4997983 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function is important for good health and independent living, and has been subject to numerous studies focused on skeletal muscle development, function and metabolism. However, progressive and degenerative changes in skeletal muscle function often occur following physiological and pathological stress, and these lead to the progression of diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular or respiratory diseases. Identifying the mechanisms that influence the processes regulating skeletal muscle function is a key priority. Recently, studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating biological processes. For instance, exosomes are key tools for communication between cells. Therefore, by determining how select miRNAs are transported to target organs and initiate their effects, these results will help explain muscle and organ crosstalk, improve our understanding and application of current therapeutic approaches and lead to the identification of new therapeutic strategies and targets aimed at maintaining and/or improving skeletal muscle health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Barreiro E. The role of MicroRNAs in COPD muscle dysfunction and mass loss: implications on the clinic. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:1011-22. [PMID: 27348064 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1206819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common preventable and treatable disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In COPD, comorbidities, acute exacerbations, and systemic manifestations negatively influence disease severity, prognosis, and progression regardless of the respiratory condition. AREAS COVERED Several factors and biological mechanisms are involved in the pathophysiology of COPD muscle dysfunction. The non-coding microRNAs were shown to be differentially expressed in the respiratory and limb muscles of patients with COPD. Moreover, a differential expression profile of muscle-specific microRNAs has also been demonstrated in the lower limb muscles of COPD patients with and without muscle mass loss and weakness. All these features are reviewed herein. The most relevant articles on the topic in question were selected from PubMed to write this review. Expert commentary: MicroRNAs are excellent targets for the design of specific therapeutic interventions in patients with muscle weakness. Selective enhancers of microRNAs that promote myogenesis (proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells) should be designed to alleviate the negative impact of skeletal muscle dysfunction and mass loss in COPD regardless of the degree of the airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- a Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group , Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB) , Barcelona , Spain.,b Department of Health Sciences (CEXS) , Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Barcelona , Spain.,c Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) , Barcelona , Spain
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Lewis A, Lee JY, Donaldson AV, Natanek SA, Vaidyanathan S, Man WDC, Hopkinson NS, Sayer AA, Patel HP, Cooper C, Syddall H, Polkey MI, Kemp PR. Increased expression of H19/miR-675 is associated with a low fat-free mass index in patients with COPD. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:330-44. [PMID: 27239417 PMCID: PMC4863928 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of muscle mass and strength is a significant comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that limits their quality of life and has prognostic implications but does not affect everyone equally. To identify mechanisms that may contribute to the susceptibility to a low muscle mass, we investigated microRNA (miRNA) expression, methylation status, and regeneration in quadriceps muscle from COPD patients and the effect of miRNAs on myoblast proliferation in vitro. The relationships of miRNA expression with muscle mass and strength was also determined in a group of healthy older men. METHODS We identified miRNAs associated with a low fat-free mass (FFM) phenotype in a small group of patients with COPD using a PCR screen of 750 miRNAs. The expression of two differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-675 and miR-519a) was determined in an expanded group of COPD patients and their associations with FFM and strength identified. The association of these miRNAs with FFM and strength was also explored in a group of healthy community-dwelling older men. As the expression of the miRNAs associated with FFM could be regulated by methylation, the relative methylation of the H19 ICR was determined. Furthermore, the proportion of myofibres with centralized nuclei, as a marker of muscle regeneration, in the muscle of COPD patients was identified by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Imprinted miRNAs (miR-675 and from a cluster, C19MC which includes miR-519a) were differentially expressed in the quadriceps of patients with a low fat-free mass index (FFMI) compared to those with a normal FFMI. In larger cohorts, miR-675 and its host gene (H19) were higher in patients with a low FFMI and strength. The association of miR-519a expression with FFMI was present in male patients with severe COPD. Similar associations of miR expression with lean mass and strength were not observed in healthy community dwelling older men participating in the Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study. Relative methylation of the H19 ICR was reduced in COPD patients with muscle weakness but was not associated with FFM. In vitro, miR-675 inhibited myoblast proliferation and patients with a low FFMI had fewer centralized nuclei suggesting miR-675 represses regeneration. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that increased expression of miR-675/H19 and altered methylation of the H19 imprinting control region are associated with a low FFMI in patients with COPD but not in healthy community dwelling older men suggesting that epigenetic control of this loci may contribute to a susceptibility to a low FFMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lewis
- Molecular Medicine Section National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jen Y Lee
- Molecular Medicine Section National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Anna V Donaldson
- Molecular Medicine Section National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK; National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London London SW3 6NP UK
| | - S Amanda Natanek
- Molecular Medicine Section National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK; National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London London SW3 6NP UK
| | - Srividya Vaidyanathan
- Molecular Medicine Section National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - William D-C Man
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London London SW3 6NP UK
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London London SW3 6NP UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Harnish P Patel
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Holly Syddall
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital Southampton SO16 6YD UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London London SW3 6NP UK
| | - Paul R Kemp
- Molecular Medicine Section National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
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Electrical stimulation influences chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia induction of muscle fibre transformation by regulating the microRNA/Sox6 pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26415. [PMID: 27199002 PMCID: PMC4873781 DOI: 10.1038/srep26415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can cause muscle fibre transformation due to chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia (CIHH). Studies have shown that high expression of Sox6 in muscle could suppress type-I fibres through downregulating the PPARβ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β)/ERRγ (oestrogen-related receptor γ)/microRNA pathway. However, whether this pathway is involved in CIHH-induced muscle fibre transformation is unknown. Electrical stimulation (ES) is an effective approach to ameliorate muscle dysfunction. Here, we explored the effects of ES on CIHH-induced muscle fibre transformation and the microRNA/Sox6 pathway. After CIHH exposure, both the soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius (GC) muscles showed decreased type-I fibres. The PPARβ/ERRγ/mir-499&208b (PEM, for GC) and PPARβ/mir-499&208b (PM, for SOL) signalling cascades were suppressed, followed by elevated Sox6 expression. Low frequency electrical stimulation (LFES) activated the PEM/PM pathway and enhanced type-I fibre numbers through suppressing Sox6 in SOL and GC. High frequency electrical stimulation (HFES) promoted type-I fibre expression through activating the PEM pathway in GC. Although PPARβ expression and type-I fibres were suppressed in SOL after HFES, no significant change was found in mir-499&208b/Sox6 expression. These results suggest that the microRNA/Sox6 pathway is disturbed after CIHH. Both low and high frequency electrical stimulations induce muscle fibre transformation partly through regulating the microRNA/Sox6 pathway.
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66
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Barreiro E, Gea J. Molecular and biological pathways of skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chron Respir Dis 2016; 13:297-311. [PMID: 27056059 DOI: 10.1177/1479972316642366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be a major leading cause of death worldwide in the near future. Weakness and atrophy of the quadriceps are associated with a significantly poorer prognosis and increased mortality in COPD. Despite that skeletal muscle dysfunction may affect both respiratory and limb muscle groups in COPD, the latter are frequently more severely affected. Therefore, muscle dysfunction in COPD is a common systemic manifestation that should be evaluated on routine basis in clinical settings. In the present review, several aspects of COPD muscle dysfunction are being reviewed, with special emphasis on the underlying biological mechanisms. Figures on the prevalence of COPD muscle dysfunction and the most relevant etiologic contributors are also provided. Despite that ongoing research will shed light into the contribution of additional mechanisms to COPD muscle dysfunction, current knowledge points toward the involvement of a wide spectrum of cellular and molecular events that are differentially expressed in respiratory and limb muscles. Such mechanisms are thoroughly described in the article. The contribution of epigenetic events on COPD muscle dysfunction is also reviewed. We conclude that in view of the latest discoveries, from now, on new avenues of research should be designed to specifically target cellular mechanisms and pathways that impair muscle mass and function in COPD using pharmacological strategies and/or exercise training modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Department of Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain Department of Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
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Pan LL, Ke JQ, Zhao CC, Huang SY, Shen J, Jiang XX, Wang XT. Electrical Stimulation Improves Rat Muscle Dysfunction Caused by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia-Hypercapnia via Regulation of miRNA-Related Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152525. [PMID: 27023369 PMCID: PMC4811440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is common. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) is a powerful exercise training that may relieve muscle dysfunction in COPD. This study investigated whether electrical stimulation may have atypical adaptations via activation of miRNA related pathways in counteracting COPD muscle dysfunction. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups. With the exception of the rats in the control group, the experimental rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia (CIHH) (9∼11%O2,5.5∼6.5%CO2) for 2 or 4 weeks. Electrical stimulation was performed immediately after each CIHH session. Following assessment of the running capacity, biopsy samples were obtained from the gastrocnemius of the rats. The miR-1, miR-133a and miR-133b levels were measured, as well as their related proteins: phosphorylation of Akt (p-AKT), PGC-1alpha (PGC-1α), histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and serum response factor (SRF). Myosin heavy chainⅡa (MHCⅡa) and myosin heavy chainⅡb (MHCⅡb) were also measured to assess fiber type changes. After 2 weeks, compared with the controls, only miR-1 and miR-133a were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the exposure group. After 4 weeks, the exposure group exhibited a decreased running distance (p = 0.054) and MHCⅡa-to-MHCⅡb shift (p<0.05). PGC-1α (p = 0.051), nuclear HDAC4 (p = 0.058), HDAC4, p-AKT, PGC-1α and SRF was also significantly decreased (p<0.05). In contrast, miR-1 and miR-133a were significantly increased (p<0.05). Four weeks of electrical stimulation can partly reversed those changes, and miR-133b exhibited a transient increase after 2 weeks electrical stimulation. Our study indicate miRNAs may have roles in the response of CIHH-impaired muscle to changes during electrical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Pan
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Wenzhou City, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Qiong Ke
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Shi-Yuan Huang
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xian-Xun Jiang
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- Center of Neurology and Rehabilitation, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Sanders KJC, Kneppers AEM, van de Bool C, Langen RCJ, Schols AMWJ. Cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: new insights and therapeutic perspective. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2016; 7:5-22. [PMID: 27066314 PMCID: PMC4799856 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia and muscle wasting are well recognized as common and partly reversible features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), adversely affecting disease progression and prognosis. This argues for integration of weight and muscle maintenance in patient care. In this review, recent insights are presented in the diagnosis of muscle wasting in COPD, the pathophysiology of muscle wasting, and putative mechanisms involved in a disturbed energy balance as cachexia driver. We discuss the therapeutic implications of these new insights for optimizing and personalizing management of COPD-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J C Sanders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Anita E M Kneppers
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Coby van de Bool
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Ramon C J Langen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht The Netherlands
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Grunig G, Baghdassarian A, Park SH, Pylawka S, Bleck B, Reibman J, Berman-Rosenzweig E, Durmus N. Challenges and Current Efforts in the Development of Biomarkers for Chronic Inflammatory and Remodeling Conditions of the Lungs. Biomark Insights 2016; 10:59-72. [PMID: 26917944 PMCID: PMC4756863 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s29514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses biomarkers that are being researched for their usefulness to phenotype chronic inflammatory lung diseases that cause remodeling of the lung's architecture. The review focuses on asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary hypertension. Bio-markers of environmental exposure and specific classes of biomarkers (noncoding RNA, metabolism, vitamin, coagulation, and microbiome related) are also discussed. Examples of biomarkers that are in clinical use, biomarkers that are under development, and biomarkers that are still in the research phase are discussed. We chose to present examples of the research in biomarker development by diseases, because asthma, COPD, and pulmonary hypertension are distinct entities, although they clearly share processes of inflammation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Grunig
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.; Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aram Baghdassarian
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sung-Hyun Park
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serhiy Pylawka
- College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bertram Bleck
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nedim Durmus
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Patel MS, Donaldson AV, Lewis A, Natanek SA, Lee JY, Andersson YM, Haji G, Jackson SG, Bolognese BJ, Foley JP, Podolin PL, Bruijnzeel PLB, Hart N, Hopkinson NS, Man WDC, Kemp PR, Polkey MI. Klotho and smoking--An interplay influencing the skeletal muscle function deficits that occur in COPD. Respir Med 2016; 113:50-6. [PMID: 27021580 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klotho is an 'anti-ageing' hormone and transmembrane protein; Klotho deficient mice develop a similar ageing phenotype to smokers including emphysema and muscle wasting. The objective of this study was to evaluate skeletal muscle and circulating Klotho protein in smokers and COPD patients and to relate Klotho levels to relevant skeletal muscle parameters. We sought to validate our findings by undertaking complimentary murine studies. METHODS Fat free mass, quadriceps strength and spirometry were measured in 87 participants (61 COPD, 13 'healthy smokers' and 13 never smoking controls) in whom serum and quadriceps Klotho protein levels were also measured. Immunohistochemistry was performed to demonstrate the location of Klotho protein in human skeletal muscle and in mouse skeletal muscle in which regeneration was occurring following injury induced by electroporation. In a separate study, gastrocnemius Klotho protein was measured in mice exposed to 77 weeks of smoke or sham air. RESULTS Quadriceps Klotho levels were lower in those currently smoking (p = 0.01), irrespective of spirometry, but were not lower in patients with COPD. A regression analysis identified current smoking status as the only independent variable associated with human quadriceps Klotho levels, an observation supported by the finding that smoke exposed mice had lower gastrocnemius Klotho levels than sham exposed mice (p = 0.005). Quadriceps Klotho levels related to local oxidative stress but were paradoxically higher in patients with established muscle wasting or weakness; the unexpected relationship with low fat free mass was the only independent association. Within locomotor muscle, Klotho localized to the plasma membrane and to centralized nuclei in humans and in mice with induced muscle damage. Serum Klotho had an independent association with quadriceps strength but did not relate to quadriceps Klotho levels or to spirometric parameters. CONCLUSIONS Klotho is expressed in skeletal muscle and levels are reduced by smoking. Despite this, quadriceps Klotho protein expression in those with established disease appears complex as levels were paradoxically elevated in COPD patients with established muscle wasting. Whilst serum Klotho levels were not reduced in smokers or COPD patients and were not associated with quadriceps Klotho protein, they did relate to quadriceps strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Patel
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, UK; Imperial College London, UK
| | - A V Donaldson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, UK; Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - S A Natanek
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, UK; Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | | - G Haji
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, UK; Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - B J Bolognese
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - J P Foley
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - P L Podolin
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | | | - N Hart
- NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - N S Hopkinson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, UK; Imperial College London, UK
| | - W D-C Man
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, UK; Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - M I Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, UK; Imperial College London, UK.
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Sato T, Baskoro H, Rennard SI, Seyama K, Takahashi K. MicroRNAs as Therapeutic Targets in Lung Disease: Prospects and Challenges. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASES-JOURNAL OF THE COPD FOUNDATION 2015; 3:382-388. [PMID: 28848860 DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.3.1.2015.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate multiple target genes providing fine-tuned coordinated expression. Growing evidence suggests that miRNAs play important roles in lung development and the pathogenesis of lung disease and that they have great potential as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously shown that miR-146a is a promising therapeutic target for controlling abnormal inflammatory response in COPD through a series of in vitro experiments in lung fibroblasts. However, further investigations in in vivo experimental models are needed to explore the role of miR-146a in the pathogenesis and therapy of COPD. Recently, miRNAs encapsulated in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as modulators of intercellular communication. EVs, therefore, may also have therapeutic potential and show promise for use as biomarkers for various lung diseases. In addition to miRNAs, we briefly discuss a specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. The application of miRNA-based therapeutics faces several challenges related to mode of delivery, stability, and tissue specificity. However, recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to prove valuable for the development of miRNA-based therapeutics to treat lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hario Baskoro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha.,Clinical Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kuniaki Seyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Chacon-Cabrera A, Fermoselle C, Salmela I, Yelamos J, Barreiro E. MicroRNA expression and protein acetylation pattern in respiratory and limb muscles of Parp-1−/− and Parp-2−/− mice with lung cancer cachexia. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2530-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Durham AL, Adcock IM. The relationship between COPD and lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2015; 90:121-7. [PMID: 26363803 PMCID: PMC4718929 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer beyond their shared aetiology. Both are driven by oxidative stress. Both are linked to cellular aging, senescence and telomere shortening. Both have been linked to genetic predisposition. Both show altered epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
Both COPD and lung cancer are major worldwide health concerns owing to cigarette smoking, and represent a huge, worldwide, preventable disease burden. Whilst the majority of smokers will not develop either COPD or lung cancer, they are closely related diseases, occurring as co-morbidities at a higher rate than if they were independently triggered by smoking. Lung cancer and COPD may be different aspects of the same disease, with the same underlying predispositions, whether this is an underlying genetic predisposition, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction or premature aging. In the majority of smokers, the burden of smoking may be dealt with by the body’s defense mechanisms: anti-oxidants such as superoxide dismutases, anti-proteases and DNA repair mechanisms. However, in the case of both diseases these fail, leading to cancer if mutations occur or COPD if damage to the cell and proteins becomes too great. Alternatively COPD could be a driving factor in lung cancer, by increasing oxidative stress and the resulting DNA damage, chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, repression of the DNA repair mechanisms and increased cellular proliferation. Understanding the mechanisms that drive these processes in primary cells from patients with these diseases along with better disease models is essential for the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Durham
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK.
| | - I M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, UK
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Ebrahimi A, Sadroddiny E. MicroRNAs in lung diseases: Recent findings and their pathophysiological implications. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 34:55-63. [PMID: 26319446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung diseases are one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and effective therapies are imperfect. Nonetheless, recently some novel strategies have been developed to treat and curtail their debilitating impact. Some of the treatments include the role of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in stemming the spread of lung morbidities. Micro RNAs are small non-coding RNAs which are known as important players in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in mammalian cells by regulating translation. MiRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including influencing inflammation. MiRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play a key role in susceptibility of diseases. MiRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A better understanding of the involvement of miRNAs in pathogenesis of these diseases could result in the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic tools. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of miRNA biogenesis and role as well as recent insights into role of some miRNAs in different pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Sadroddiny
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lie S, Morrison JL, Williams-Wyss O, Suter CM, Humphreys DT, Ozanne SE, Zhang S, MacLaughlin SM, Kleemann DO, Walker SK, Roberts CT, McMillen IC. Impact of periconceptional and preimplantation undernutrition on factors regulating myogenesis and protein synthesis in muscle of singleton and twin fetal sheep. PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS 2015; 3:3/8/e12495. [PMID: 26265755 PMCID: PMC4562581 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effect of maternal undernutrition in the periconceptional (PCUN: ~80 days before to 6 days after conception) and preimplantation (PIUN: 0-6 days after conception) periods on the mRNA and protein abundance of key factors regulating myogenesis and protein synthesis, and on the relationship between the abundance of these factors and specific microRNA expression in the quadriceps muscle of singleton and twin fetal sheep at 135-138 days of gestation. PCUN and PIUN resulted in a decrease in the protein abundance of MYF5, a factor which determines the myogenic lineage, in singletons and twins. Interestingly, there was a concomitant increase in insulin-like growth factor-1 mRNA expression, a decrease in the protein abundance of the myogenic inhibitor, myostatin (MSTN), and an increase in the mRNA and protein abundance of the MSTN inhibitor, follistatin (FST), in the PCUN and PIUN groups in both singletons and twins. These promyogenic changes may compensate for the decrease in MYF5 protein abundance evoked by early embryonic undernutrition. PCUN and PIUN also increased the protein abundance of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1; T70 and S65) in fetal muscle in singletons and twins. There was a significant inverse relationship between the expression of miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-27b-3p, miR106b-5p, and miR-376b and the protein abundance of mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR), FST, or MYF5 in singletons or twins. In particular, the expression of miR-30a-5p was increased and MYF5 protein abundance was decreased, in PCUN and PIUN twins supporting the conclusion that the impact of PCUN and PIUN is predominantly on the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervi Lie
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Olivia Williams-Wyss
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, South Australia, Australia,Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of AdelaideAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Catherine M Suter
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South WalesKensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David T Humphreys
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research InstituteDarlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Song Zhang
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Severence M MacLaughlin
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David O Kleemann
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research CentreRosedale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Simon K Walker
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, Turretfield Research CentreRosedale, South Australia, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of AdelaideAdelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - I Caroline McMillen
- Sansom Institute for Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South AustraliaAdelaide, South Australia, Australia,The Chancellery, University of NewcastleNewcastle, New South Wales, Australia,Correspondence I. C. McMillen, The Chancellery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia., Tel: 02-4921-5101, Fax: 02-4921-5115, E-mail:
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Osei ET, Florez-Sampedro L, Timens W, Postma DS, Heijink IH, Brandsma CA. Unravelling the complexity of COPD by microRNAs: it's a small world after all. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:807-18. [PMID: 26250493 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02139-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease and is currently the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. Chronic inflammation and repair processes in the small airways are characteristic of COPD. Despite extensive efforts from researchers and industry, there is still no cure for COPD, hence an urgent need for new therapeutic alternatives. MicroRNAs are such an option; they are small noncoding RNAs involved in gene regulation. Their importance has been shown with respect to maintaining the balance between health and disease. Although previous reviews have discussed the expression of microRNAs related to lung disease, a detailed discussion regarding the function of differential miRNA expression in the pathogenesis of COPD is lacking.In this review we link the expression of microRNAs to different features of COPD and explain their importance in the pathogenesis of this disease. We further discuss their potential to contribute to the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel T Osei
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Both authors contributed equally as first authors
| | - Laura Florez-Sampedro
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Both authors contributed equally as first authors
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands Both authors contributed equally as last authors
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Both authors contributed equally as last authors
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Abstract
Since their initial discovery in the early 1990s, microRNAs have now become the focus of a multitude of lines of investigation ranging from basic biology to translational applications in the clinic. Previously believed to be of no biological relevance, microRNAs regulate processes fundamental to human health and disease. In diseases of the lung, microRNAs have been implicated in developmental programming, as drivers of disease, potential therapeutic targets, and clinical biomarkers; however, several obstacles must be overcome for us to fully realize their potential therapeutic use. Here, we provide for the clinician an overview of microRNA biology in selected diseases of the lung with a focus on their potential clinical application.
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Quadriceps muscle weakness and atrophy are associated with a differential epigenetic profile in advanced COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:905-21. [PMID: 25628226 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate muscle mass and function in models of muscle dysfunction and atrophy. We assessed whether quadriceps muscle weakness and atrophy are associated with a differential expression profile of epigenetic events in patients with advanced COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In vastus lateralis (VL) of sedentary severe COPD patients (n=41), who were further subdivided into those with (n=25) and without (n=16) muscle weakness and healthy controls (n=19), expression of muscle-enriched miRNAs, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), growth and atrophy signalling markers, total protein and histone acetylation, transcription factors, small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases and muscle structure were explored. All subjects were clinically evaluated. Compared with controls, in VL of all COPD together and in muscle-weakness patients, expression of miR-1, miR-206 and miR-27a, levels of lysine-acetylated proteins and histones and acetylated histone 3 were increased, whereas expression of HDAC3, HDAC4, sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) were decreased, Akt (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1) expression did not differ, follistatin expression was greater, whereas myostatin expression was lower, serum reponse factor (SRF) expression was increased and fibre size of fast-twitch fibres was significantly reduced. In VL of severe COPD patients with muscle weakness and atrophy, epigenetic events regulate muscle differentiation rather than proliferation and muscle growth and atrophy signalling, probably as feedback mechanisms to prevent those muscles from undergoing further atrophy. Lysine-hyperacetylation of histones may drive enhanced protein catabolism in those muscles. These findings may help design novel therapeutic strategies (enhancers of miRNAs promoting myogenesis and acetylation inhibitors) to selectively target muscle weakness and atrophy in severe COPD.
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Nariyama M, Mori M, Shimazaki E, Ando H, Ohnuki Y, Abo T, Yamane A, Asada Y. Functions of miR-1 and miR-133a during the postnatal development of masseter and gastrocnemius muscles. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 407:17-27. [PMID: 25981536 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the function of miR-1 and miR-133a during the postnatal development of mouse skeletal muscles. The amounts of miR-1 and miR-133a were measured in mouse masseter and gastrocnemius muscles between 1 and 12 weeks after birth with real-time polymerase chain reaction and those of HDACs, MEF2, MyoD family, MCK, SRF, and Cyclin D1 were measured at 2 and 12 weeks with Western blotting. In both the masseter and gastrocnemius muscles, the amount of miR-1 increased between 1 and 12 weeks, whereas the amount of HADC4 decreased between 2 and 12 weeks. In the masseter muscle, those of MEF2, MyoD, Myogenin, and MCK increased between 2 and 12 weeks, whereas, in the gastrocnemius muscle, only those of MRF4 and MCK increased. The extent of these changes in the masseter muscle was greater than that in the gastrocnemius muscle. The amounts of miR-133a, SRF, and Cyclin D1 did not change significantly in the masseter muscle between 1 and 12 weeks after birth. By contrast, in the gastrocnemius muscle, the amounts of miR-133a and Cyclin D1 increased, whereas that of SRF decreased. Our findings suggest that the regulatory pathway of miR-1 via HDAC4 and MEF2 plays a more prominent role during postnatal development in the masseter muscle than in the gastrocnemius muscle, whereas that of miR-133a via SRF plays a more prominent role in the gastrocnemius muscle than in the masseter muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nariyama
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan,
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80
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Lugg ST, Howells PA, Thickett DR. The increasing need for biomarkers in intensive care unit-acquired weakness--are microRNAs the solution? Crit Care 2015; 19:189. [PMID: 25902802 PMCID: PMC4406039 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing focus on intensive care unit-acquired weakness, its underlying mechanisms and therapeutic options. In this article we offer a commentary on the paper by Bloch and colleagues entitled 'MiR-181a: a potential biomarker of acute muscle wasting following cardiac surgery'. There is a need for biomarkers for intensive care unit-acquired weakness, not only in clinical practice but also in order to streamline future therapeutic trials. MicroRNAs are attractive biomarkers, and may have an important role in this disease. We highlight the significance of the authors' finding of miR-181a, a novel plasma biomarker for the development of acute muscle wasting in post-operative cardiac surgery patients and discuss future research that is needed in this field following on from the study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Lugg
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research (CITR), University of Birmingham Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Phillip A Howells
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research (CITR), University of Birmingham Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
| | - David R Thickett
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Centre for Translational Inflammation Research (CITR), University of Birmingham Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
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Bloch SAA, Donaldson AVJ, Lewis A, Banya WAS, Polkey MI, Griffiths MJD, Kemp PR. MiR-181a: a potential biomarker of acute muscle wasting following elective high-risk cardiothoracic surgery. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:147. [PMID: 25888214 PMCID: PMC4403779 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Acute muscle wasting in the critically ill is common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although some aetiological factors are recognised and muscle wasting can be detected early with ultrasound, it not possible currently to predict in advance of muscle loss those who will develop muscle wasting. The ability to stratify the risk of muscle wasting associated with critical illness prior to it becoming clinically apparent would provide the opportunity to predict prognosis more accurately and to intervene at an early stage. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that modulate post-transcriptional regulation of translation, some are tissue specific and can be detected and quantified in plasma. We hypothesised that certain plasma microRNAs could be biomarkers of ICU acquired muscle weakness. Methods Plasma levels of selected microRNAs were measured in pre- and post-operative samples from a previously reported prospective observational study of 42 patients undergoing elective high-risk cardiothoracic surgery, 55% of whom developed muscle wasting. Results The rise in miR-181a was significantly higher on the second post-operative day in those who developed muscle wasting at 1 week compared to those who did not (p = 0.03). A rise in miR-181a of greater than 1.7 times baseline had 91% specificity and 56% sensitivity for subsequent muscle wasting. Other microRNAs did not show significant differences between the groups. Conclusion Plasma miR-181a deserves further investigation as a potential biomarker of muscle wasting. Additionally, since mir-181a is involved in both regulation of inflammation and muscle regeneration and differentiation; our observation therefore also suggests directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah A A Bloch
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ, London, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, SW3 6NP, London, UK.
| | - Anna V J Donaldson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, SW3 6NP, London, UK.
| | - Amy Lewis
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
| | - Winston A S Banya
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, SW3 6NP, London, UK.
| | - Michael I Polkey
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, SW3 6NP, London, UK.
| | - Mark J D Griffiths
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, SW3 6NP, London, UK. .,Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Paul R Kemp
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, SW7 2AZ, London, UK.
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Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal chronic lung disorder with no effective treatment and a prognosis worse than that of lung cancer. Despite extensive research efforts, its etiology and pathogenesis still remain largely unknown. Current experimental evidence has shifted the disease paradigm from chronic inflammation towards the premise of abnormal epithelial wound repair in response to repeated epigenetic injurious stimuli in genetically predisposed individuals. Epigenetics is defined as the study of heritable changes in gene function by factors other than an individual's DNA sequence, providing valuable information regarding adaption of genes to environmental changes. Although cancer is the most studied disease with relevance to epigenetic modifications, recent data support the idea that epigenomic alterations may lead to variable disease phenotypes, including fibroproliferative lung disorders such as IPF. This review article summarizes the latest experimental and translational epigenetic studies in the research field of chronic lung disorders, mainly focusing on IPF, highlights current methodology limitations, and underlines future directions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar St., TAC-441 South, P.O. Box 208057, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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83
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Barreiro E, Gea J. Epigenetics and muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Transl Res 2015; 165:61-73. [PMID: 24794953 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease and a major leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In COPD, comorbidities, acute exacerbations, and systemic manifestations negatively influence disease severity and progression regardless of the respiratory condition. Skeletal muscle dysfunction, which is one of the commonest systemic manifestations in patients with COPD, has a tremendous impact on their exercise capacity and quality of life. Several pathophysiological and molecular underlying mechanisms including epigenetics (the process whereby gene expression is regulated by heritable mechanisms that do not affect DNA sequence) have been shown to participate in the etiology of COPD muscle dysfunction. The epigenetic modifications identified so far in cells include DNA methylation, histone acetylation and methylation, and noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs. Herein, we first review the role of epigenetic mechanisms in muscle development and adaptation to environmental factors in several models. Moreover, the epigenetic events reported so far to be potentially involved in muscle dysfunction and mass loss of patients with COPD are also discussed. Furthermore, the different expression profile of several muscle-enriched microRNAs in the diaphragm and vastus lateralis muscles of patients with COPD are also reviewed from results recently obtained in our group. The role of protein hyperacetylation in enhanced muscle protein catabolism of limb muscles is also discussed. Future research should focus on the full elucidation of the triggers of epigenetic mechanisms and their specific downstream biological pathways in COPD muscle dysfunction and wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Respiratory Medicine Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Respiratory Medicine Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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84
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Kirby TJ, Chaillou T, McCarthy JJ. The role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle health and disease. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2015; 20:37-77. [PMID: 25553440 DOI: 10.2741/4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade non-coding RNAs have emerged as importance regulators of gene expression. In particular, microRNAs are a class of small RNAs of ∼ 22 nucleotides that repress gene expression through a post-transcriptional mechanism. MicroRNAs have been shown to be involved in a broader range of biological processes, both physiological and pathological, including myogenesis, adaptation to exercise and various myopathies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of what is currently known about the role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kirby
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Bloch SAA, Lee JY, Syburra T, Rosendahl U, Griffiths MJD, Kemp PR, Polkey MI. Increased expression of GDF-15 may mediate ICU-acquired weakness by down-regulating muscle microRNAs. Thorax 2014; 70:219-28. [PMID: 25516419 PMCID: PMC4345798 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rationale The molecular mechanisms underlying the muscle atrophy of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW) are poorly understood. We hypothesised that increased circulating and muscle growth and differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) causes atrophy in ICUAW by changing expression of key microRNAs. Objectives To investigate GDF-15 and microRNA expression in patients with ICUAW and to elucidate possible mechanisms by which they cause muscle atrophy in vivo and in vitro. Methods In an observational study, 20 patients with ICUAW and seven elective surgical patients (controls) underwent rectus femoris muscle biopsy and blood sampling. mRNA and microRNA expression of target genes were examined in muscle specimens and GDF-15 protein concentration quantified in plasma. The effects of GDF-15 on C2C12 myotubes in vitro were examined. Measurements and main results Compared with controls, GDF-15 protein was elevated in plasma (median 7239 vs 2454 pg/mL, p=0.001) and GDF-15 mRNA in the muscle (median twofold increase p=0.006) of patients with ICUAW. The expression of microRNAs involved in muscle homeostasis was significantly lower in the muscle of patients with ICUAW. GDF-15 treatment of C2C12 myotubes significantly elevated expression of muscle atrophy-related genes and down-regulated the expression of muscle microRNAs. miR-181a suppressed transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) responses in C2C12 cells, suggesting increased sensitivity to TGF-β in ICUAW muscle. Consistent with this suggestion, nuclear phospho-small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 was increased in ICUAW muscle. Conclusions GDF-15 may increase sensitivity to TGF-β signalling by suppressing the expression of muscle microRNAs, thereby promoting muscle atrophy in ICUAW. This study identifies both GDF-15 and associated microRNA as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A A Bloch
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - J Y Lee
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - T Syburra
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - U Rosendahl
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M J D Griffiths
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - P R Kemp
- Molecular Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - M I Polkey
- National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
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Comer BS, Ba M, Singer CA, Gerthoffer WT. Epigenetic targets for novel therapies of lung diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:91-110. [PMID: 25448041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of substantial advances in defining the immunobiology and function of structural cells in lung diseases there is still insufficient knowledge to develop fundamentally new classes of drugs to treat many lung diseases. For example, there is a compelling need for new therapeutic approaches to address severe persistent asthma that is insensitive to inhaled corticosteroids. Although the prevalence of steroid-resistant asthma is 5-10%, severe asthmatics require a disproportionate level of health care spending and constitute a majority of fatal asthma episodes. None of the established drug therapies including long-acting beta agonists or inhaled corticosteroids reverse established airway remodeling. Obstructive airways remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), restrictive remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and occlusive vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension are similarly unresponsive to current drug therapy. Therefore, drugs are needed to achieve long-acting suppression and reversal of pathological airway and vascular remodeling. Novel drug classes are emerging from advances in epigenetics. Novel mechanisms are emerging by which cells adapt to environmental cues, which include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of transcription and translation by noncoding RNAs. In this review we will summarize current epigenetic approaches being applied to preclinical drug development addressing important therapeutic challenges in lung diseases. These challenges are being addressed by advances in lung delivery of oligonucleotides and small molecules that modify the histone code, DNA methylation patterns and miRNA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Comer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Mariam Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Cherie A Singer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - William T Gerthoffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
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Epigenetic mechanisms in respiratory muscle dysfunction of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111514. [PMID: 25369292 PMCID: PMC4219759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic events are differentially expressed in the lungs and airways of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Moreover, epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the skeletal (peripheral) muscle dysfunction of COPD patients. Whether epigenetic events may also regulate respiratory muscle dysfunction in COPD remains unknown. We hypothesized that epigenetic mechanisms would be differentially expressed in the main inspiratory muscle (diaphragm) of patients with COPD of a wide range of disease severity compared to healthy controls. In diaphragm muscle specimens (thoracotomy due to lung localized neoplasms) of sedentary patients with mild-to-moderate and severe COPD, with preserved body composition, and sedentary healthy controls, expression of muscle-enriched microRNAs, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), total DNA methylation and protein acetylation, small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases, muscle-specific transcription factors, and muscle structure were explored. All subjects were also clinically evaluated: lung and muscle functions and exercise capacity. Compared to healthy controls, patients exhibited moderate airflow limitation and diffusion capacity, and reduced exercise tolerance and transdiaphragmatic strength. Moreover, in the diaphragm of the COPD patients, muscle-specific microRNA expression was downregulated, while HDAC4 and myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)2C protein levels were higher, and DNA methylation levels, muscle fiber types and sizes did not differ between patients and controls. In the main respiratory muscle of COPD patients with a wide range of disease severity and normal body composition, muscle-specific microRNAs were downregulated, while HDAC4 and MEF2C levels were upregulated. It is likely that these epigenetic events act as biological adaptive mechanisms to better overcome the continuous inspiratory loads of the respiratory system in COPD. These findings may offer novel therapeutic strategies to specifically target respiratory muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD.
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89
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Booton R, Lindsay MA. Emerging role of MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in respiratory disease. Chest 2014; 146:193-204. [PMID: 25010962 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of techniques such as microarrays and high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized our ability to examine messenger RNA (mRNA) expression within the respiratory system. Importantly, these approaches have also uncovered the widespread expression of "noncoding RNAs," including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, which impact biologic responses through the regulation of mRNA transcription and/or translation. To date, most studies of the role of noncoding RNAs have focused on microRNAs, which regulate mRNA translation via the RNA interference pathway. These studies have shown changes in microRNA expression in cells and tissues derived from patients with asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, COPD, and non-small cell lung cancer. Although the evidence is currently limited, we review the work that has been carried out in cell and animal models that has identified the function and mechanism of action of a small number of these microRNAs in disease etiology. In addition to microRNAs, we assess the emerging evidence that long noncoding RNAs regulate respiratory phenotype. Because these investigations into long noncoding RNAs were performed almost exclusively in non-small cell lung cancer, future work will need to extend these into other respiratory diseases and to analyze how microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs interact to regulate mRNA expression. From a clinical perspective, the targeting of noncoding RNAs as a novel therapeutic approach will require a deeper understanding of their function and mechanism of action. However, in the short term, changes in miRNA and long noncoding RNA expression are likely to be of use as biomarkers for disease stratification and/or assessment of drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Booton
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England; Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and North West Lung Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Mark A Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, England.
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McGregor RA, Poppitt SD, Cameron-Smith D. Role of microRNAs in the age-related changes in skeletal muscle and diet or exercise interventions to promote healthy aging in humans. Ageing Res Rev 2014; 17:25-33. [PMID: 24833328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Progressive age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and composition, underpin decreases in muscle function, which can inturn lead to impaired mobility and quality of life in older adults. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in skeletal muscle and are associated with aging. Accumulating evidence suggests that miRNAs play an important role in the age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass, composition and function. At the cellular level, miRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, miRNAs are involved in the transitioning of muscle stem cells from a quiescent, to either an activated or senescence state. Evidence from animal and human studies has shown miRNAs are modulated in muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. In addition, miRNAs have been implicated in changes in muscle fiber composition, fat infiltration and insulin resistance. Both exercise and dietary interventions can combat age-related changes in muscle mass, composition and function, which may be mediated by miRNA modulation in skeletal muscle. Circulating miRNA species derived from myogenic cell populations represent potential biomarkers of aging muscle and the molecular responses to exercise or diet interventions, but larger validation studies are required. In future therapeutic approaches targeting miRNAs, either through exercise, diet or drugs may be able to slow down or prevent the age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass, composition, function, hence help maintain mobility and quality of life in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A McGregor
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Sally D Poppitt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Human Nutrition Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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91
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Puig-Vilanova E, Ausin P, Martinez-Llorens J, Gea J, Barreiro E. Do epigenetic events take place in the vastus lateralis of patients with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? PLoS One 2014; 9:e102296. [PMID: 25013984 PMCID: PMC4094498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle dysfunction is a major comorbidity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Several biological mechanisms including epigenetic events regulate muscle mass and function in models of muscle atrophy. Investigations conducted so far have focused on the elucidation of biological mechanisms involved in muscle dysfunction in advanced COPD. We assessed whether the epigenetic profile may be altered in the vastus lateralis of patients with mild COPD, normal body composition, and mildly impaired muscle function and exercise capacity. In vastus lateralis (VL) of mild COPD patients with well-preserved body composition and in healthy age-matched controls, expression of DNA methylation, muscle-enriched microRNAs, histone acetyltransferases (HTAs) and deacetylases (HDACs), protein acetylation, small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) ligases, and muscle structure were explored. All subjects were clinically evaluated. Compared to healthy controls, in the VL of mild COPD patients, muscle function and exercise capacity were moderately reduced, DNA methylation levels did not differ, miR-1 expression levels were increased and positively correlated with both forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and quadriceps force, HDAC4 protein levels were increased, and muscle fiber types and sizes were not different. Moderate skeletal muscle dysfunction is a relevant feature in patients with mild COPD and preserved body composition. Several epigenetic events are differentially expressed in the limb muscles of these patients, probably as an attempt to counterbalance the underlying mechanisms that alter muscle function and mass. The study of patients at early stages of their disease is of interest as they are a target for timely therapeutic interventions that may slow down the course of the disease and prevent the deleterious effects of major comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Puig-Vilanova
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ausin
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Martinez-Llorens
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle and Respiratory System Research Unit (URMAR), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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92
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Maddocks M, Shrikrishna D, Vitoriano S, Natanek SA, Tanner RJ, Hart N, Kemp PR, Moxham J, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. Skeletal muscle adiposity is associated with physical activity, exercise capacity and fibre shift in COPD. Eur Respir J 2014; 44:1188-98. [PMID: 24993908 PMCID: PMC4216454 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00066414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quadriceps muscle phenotype varies widely between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cannot be determined without muscle biopsy. We hypothesised that measures of skeletal muscle adiposity could provide noninvasive biomarkers of muscle quality in this population. In 101 patients and 10 age-matched healthy controls, mid-thigh cross-sectional area, percentage intramuscular fat and skeletal muscle attenuation were calculated using computed tomography images and standard tissue attenuation ranges: fat -190- -30 HU; skeletal muscle -29-150 HU. Mean±sd percentage intramuscular fat was higher in the patient group (6.7±3.5% versus 4.3±1.2%, p = 0.03). Both percentage intramuscular fat and skeletal muscle attenuation were associated with physical activity level, exercise capacity and type I fibre proportion, independent of age, mid-thigh cross-sectional area and quadriceps strength. Combined with transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide, these variables could identify >80% of patients with fibre type shift with >65% specificity (area under the curve 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.95). Skeletal muscle adiposity assessed by computed tomography reflects multiple aspects of COPD related muscle dysfunction and may help to identify patients for trials of interventions targeted at specific muscle phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Maddocks
- Dept of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK Dept of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK Both authors contributed equally
| | - Dinesh Shrikrishna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK Both authors contributed equally
| | - Simone Vitoriano
- Dept of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK Dept of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha A Natanek
- National Heart and Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Rebecca J Tanner
- National Heart and Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul R Kemp
- National Heart and Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - John Moxham
- Dept of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK Dept of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- National Heart and Lung Institute, NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
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93
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Patel MS, Mohan D, Andersson YM, Baz M, Samantha Kon SC, Canavan JL, Jackson SG, Clark AL, Hopkinson NS, Natanek SA, Kemp PR, Bruijnzeel PLB, Man WDC, Polkey MI. Phenotypic characteristics associated with reduced short physical performance battery score in COPD. Chest 2014; 145:1016-1024. [PMID: 24337162 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is commonly used in gerontology, but its determinants have not been previously evaluated in COPD. In particular, it is unknown whether pulmonary aspects of COPD would limit the value of SPPB as an assessment tool of lower limb function. METHODS In 109 patients with COPD, we measured SPPB score, spirometry, 6-min walk distance, quadriceps strength, rectus femoris cross-sectional area, fat-free mass, physical activity, health status, and Medical Research Council dyspnea score. In a subset of 31 patients with COPD, a vastus lateralis biopsy was performed, and the biopsy specimen was examined to evaluate the structural muscle characteristics associated with SPPB score. The phenotypic characteristics of patients stratified according to SPPB were determined. RESULTS Quadriceps strength and 6-min walk distance were the only independent predictors of SPPB score in a multivariate regression model. Furthermore, while age, dyspnea, and health status were also univariate predictors of SPPB score, FEV 1 was not. Stratification by reduced SPPB score identified patients with locomotor muscle atrophy and increasing impairment in strength, exercise capacity, and daily physical activity. Patients with mild or major impairment defined as an SPPB score < 10 had a higher proportion of type 2 fibers (71% [14] vs 58% [15], P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The SPPB is a valid and simple assessment tool that may detect a phenotype with functional impairment, loss of muscle mass, and structural muscle abnormality in stable patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul S Patel
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Divya Mohan
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Yvonne M Andersson
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Manuel Baz
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England
| | - S C Samantha Kon
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England; Harefield Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, London, England
| | - Jane L Canavan
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England; Harefield Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, London, England
| | - Sonya G Jackson
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Amy L Clark
- Harefield Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, London, England
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Samantha A Natanek
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Paul R Kemp
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Piet L B Bruijnzeel
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune Diseases, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | | | - Michael I Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, London, England.
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94
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Novel insights into miRNA in lung and heart inflammatory diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:259131. [PMID: 24991086 PMCID: PMC4058468 DOI: 10.1155/2014/259131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding regulatory sequences that govern posttranscriptional inhibition of genes through binding mainly at regulatory regions. The regulatory mechanism of miRNAs are influenced by complex crosstalk among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA seed region and epigenetic modifications. Circulating miRNAs exhibit potential characteristics as stable biomarker. Functionally, miRNAs are involved in basic regulatory mechanisms of cells including inflammation. Thus, miRNA dysregulation, resulting in aberrant expression of a gene, is suggested to play an important role in disease susceptibility. This review focuses on the role of miRNA as diagnostic marker in pathogenesis of lung inflammatory diseases and in cardiac remodelling events during inflammation. From recent reports, In this context, the information about the models in which miRNAs expression were investigated including types of biological samples, as well as on the methods for miRNA validation and prediction/definition of their gene targets are emphasized in the review. Besides disease pathogenesis, promising role of miRNAs in early disease diagnosis and prognostication is also discussed. However, some miRNAs are also indicated with protective role. Thus, identifications and usage of such potential miRNAs as well as disruption of disease susceptible miRNAs using antagonists, antagomirs, are imperative and may provide a novel therapeutic approach towards combating the disease progression.
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95
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Role of microRNA-1 in human cancer and its therapeutic potentials. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:428371. [PMID: 24949449 PMCID: PMC4052501 DOI: 10.1155/2014/428371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While the mechanisms of human cancer development are not fully understood, evidence of microRNA (miRNA, miR) dysregulation has been reported in many human diseases, including cancer. miRs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the specific region of gene mRNAs, resulting in downregulation of gene expression. Not only are certain miRs consistently dysregulated across many cancers, but they also play critical roles in many aspects of cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Recent studies from our group and others revealed that miR-1 is frequently downregulated in various types of cancer. Through targeting multiple oncogenes and oncogenic pathways, miR-1 has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor gene that represses cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and promotes apoptosis by ectopic expression. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the aberrant expression and functional significance of miR-1 in human cancers and emphasize its significant values for therapeutic potentials.
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96
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Kovanda A, Režen T, Rogelj B. MicroRNA in skeletal muscle development, growth, atrophy, and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2014; 5:509-25. [DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Kovanda
- Department of Biotechnology; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Režen
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology; Jozef Stefan Institute; Ljubljana Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS; Ljubljana Slovenia
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97
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Slot IGM, Schols AMWJ, Vosse BAH, Kelders MCJM, Gosker HR. Hypoxia differentially regulates muscle oxidative fiber type and metabolism in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1837-45. [PMID: 24794533 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle oxidative fiber types and mitochondrial capacity is a hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure. Based on in vivo human and animal studies, tissue hypoxia has been hypothesized as determinant, but the direct effect of hypoxia on muscle oxidative phenotype remains to be established. Hence, we determined the effect of hypoxia on in vitro cultured muscle cells, including gene and protein expression levels of mitochondrial components, myosin isoforms (reflecting slow-oxidative versus fast-glycolytic fibers), and the involvement of the regulatory PPAR/PGC-1α pathway. We found that hypoxia inhibits the PPAR/PGC-1α pathway and the expression of mitochondrial components through HIF-1α. However, in contrast to our hypothesis, hypoxia stimulated the expression of slow-oxidative type I myosin via HIF-1α. Collectively, this study shows that hypoxia differentially regulates contractile and metabolic components of muscle oxidative phenotype in a HIF-1α-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse G M Slot
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bettine A H Vosse
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco C J M Kelders
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry R Gosker
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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98
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Lamon S, Wallace MA, Russell AP. The STARS signaling pathway: a key regulator of skeletal muscle function. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1659-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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99
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Novák J, Kružliak P, Bienertová-Vašků J, Slabý O, Novák M. MicroRNA-206: a promising theranostic marker. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:119-33. [PMID: 24465270 PMCID: PMC3900797 DOI: 10.7150/thno.7552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 3` untranslated regions (3`UTR) of their target mRNAs. MiRs were shown to play pivotal roles in tissue development and function and are also involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer. MicroRNA-206, which belongs to the group of so-called "myomiRs", is one of the most studied miRs thus far. In addition to being involved in skeletal muscle development and pathology, it has also been established that it is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease and various types of cancers. The aim of this review is to provide a complex overview of microRNA-206, including regulating its expression, a brief description of its known functions in skeletal muscle and a complex overview of its roles in the biology and pathology of other tissues, emphasizing its significant diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
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100
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Liao SY, Lin X, Christiani DC. Gene-environment interaction effects on lung function- a genome-wide association study within the Framingham heart study. Environ Health 2013; 12:101. [PMID: 24289273 PMCID: PMC3882096 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in occupational exposure and lung function have focused only on the main effect of occupational exposure or genetics on lung function. Some disease-susceptible genes may be missed due to their low marginal effects, despite potential involvement in the disease process through interactions with the environment. Through comprehensive genome-wide gene-environment interaction studies, we can uncover these susceptibility genes. Our objective in this study was to explore gene by occupational exposure interaction effects on lung function using both the individual SNPs approach and the genetic network approach. METHODS The study population comprised the Offspring Cohort and the Third Generation from the Framingham Heart Study. We used forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) as outcomes. Occupational exposures were classified using a population-specific job exposure matrix. We performed genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis, using the Affymetrix 550 K mapping array for genotyping. A linear regression-based generalized estimating equation was applied to account for within-family relatedness. Network analysis was conducted using results from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level analyses and from gene expression study results. RESULTS There were 4,785 participants in total. SNP-level analysis and network analysis identified SNP rs9931086 (P(interaction) =1.16 × 10(-7)) in gene SLC38A8, which may significantly modify the effects of occupational exposure on FEV1. Genes identified from the network analysis included CTLA-4, HDAC, and PPAR-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Our study implies that SNP rs9931086 in SLC38A8 and genes CTLA-4, HDAC, and PPAR-alpha, which are related to inflammatory processes, may modify the effect of occupational exposure on lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Liao
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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