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Gram A, Boos A, Kowalewski MP. Cellular localization, expression and functional implications of the utero-placental endothelin system during maintenance and termination of canine gestation. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:235-245. [PMID: 28216513 PMCID: PMC5481626 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2016-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Utero-placental (Ut-Pl) angiogenesis and blood flow are fundamental for successful outcome of pregnancy. They are controlled by numerous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor systems such as endothelins (EDNs) and the renin angiotensin system. Dogs possess an invasive type of placentation, classified as endotheliochorial. Despite increasing knowledge regarding canine Ut-Pl function, little information exists on uterine and placental vascular activity during initiation, maintenance and termination of pregnancy in this species. The current study investigated expression of EDNs and their receptors (EDNRA and EDNRB) in the pre-implantation uterus and Ut-Pl compartments during gestation and at normal parturition, as well as in mid-pregnant dogs treated with the antigestagen aglepristone. The Ut-Pl mRNA expression of EDN1 and EDNRA was constant until mid-gestation and increased significantly during prepartum luteolysis. In contrast, EDN2 was highest pre-implantation and decreased following placentation, remaining low thereafter. Expression of the EDN-activating enzyme ECE1 and mRNA of EDNRB increased towards mid-gestation and was further elevated at prepartum luteolysis. Antigestagen treatment resulted in increased levels of EDN1 and EDNRA. At the cellular level, the uterine expression of EDN1, ECE1 and EDNRB was found predominantly in the endometrial surface and glandular epithelial cells; uterine signals for EDNRA were weak. In Ut-Pl all targets were mainly localized in the placenta fetalis, with syncytiotrophoblast staining stronger for ECE1 and EDNRB. In contrast, EDNRA stained strongly at the base of the placental labyrinth. Expression and localization of EDNs (EDN1, -2), EDN receptors and ECE1 in the placenta fetalis suggests their involvement in the trophoblast invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Gram
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alois Boos
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Cervar-Zivkovic M, Hu C, Barton A, Sadovsky Y, Desoye G, Lang U, Nelson DM. Endothelin-1 Attenuates Apoptosis in Cultured Trophoblasts From Term Human Placentas. Reprod Sci 2016; 14:430-9. [PMID: 17913962 DOI: 10.1177/1933719107305801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors test the hypothesis that endothelin-1 (ET-1) modulates apoptosis in human term trophoblasts. Primary cultures of cytotrophoblasts from term human placentas (n = 5) were cultured for 16 hours total or 24 hours prior to harvest at 72 hours in atmospheres of <1%, 8%, and 20% oxygen, in the presence of 10% serum, ET-1 (1-100 pmol/mL), both, or neither. The apoptotic cleavage products of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase and cytokeratin 18 filaments were quantified by Western analysis and immunocytochemistry. The expression of BAD, pBAD-serine 112, p53, and 2 isoforms of MDM2 were quantified by immunoblotting, and endothelin A and B receptors were analyzed by immunocytochemistry. Compared to vehicle control, increasing concentrations of ET-1 reduce by 3- to 6-fold the level of apoptosis in cytotrophoblasts exposed to serum-free conditions at 20% oxygen. Similarly, syncytiotrophoblast cultures grown for 24 hours without serum in 100 pmol/mL ET-1 show a 3-fold lower level of apoptosis compared with vehicle control. ET-1 significantly reduces apoptosis in cultures exposed to 20% oxygen but not in cultures exposed to 8% or 1% oxygen. The effect of ET-1 on apoptosis in 20% oxygen is accompanied by reduced p53 expression and is correlated with enhanced expression of endothelin B receptor, compared to cultures in 8% or 1% oxygen. ET-1 reduces apoptosis in cultured human trophoblasts, and this finding suggests a role for ET-1 in protecting trophoblasts against injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cervar-Zivkovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Expression and Secretion of the Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Human Placenta and Its Decrease in Fetal Growth Restriction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-55760300121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhu X, Cao Q, Li X, Wang Z. Knockdown of TACC3 inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3437-42. [PMID: 27572091 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The insufficient invasion of trophoblasts is known to be correlated with the development of preeclampsia. Transforming acidic coiled‑coil protein 3 (TACC3), a member of the TACC domain family, is important in the regulation of cell differentiation, migration and invasion. However, the role of TACC3 in trophoblast function during placental development remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the expression and function of TACC3 in human placenta and to examine the underlying mechanisms. TACC3 expression was analyzed in preeclamptic placentas using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay, and cell migration and invasion were measured using Transwell assays. The expression levels of TACC3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2, MMP‑9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‑1, TIMP‑2, phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated (p)‑PI3K, AKT and p‑AKT were detected by western blotting. The results showed that the expression of TACC3 was downregulated in preeclamptic placentas. The knockdown of TACC3 significantly inhibited HTR8/SVneo cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. In addition, the knockdown of TACC3 significantly reduced the levels of p‑PI3K and Akt in the HTR8/SVneo cells. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that the knockdown of TACC3 inhibited the migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells through suppression of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, TACC3 may serve as a novel potential target for treating preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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Tanaka K, Sakai K, Matsushima M, Matsuzawa Y, Izawa T, Nagashima T, Furukawa S, Kobayashi Y, Iwashita M. Branched-chain amino acids regulate insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) production by decidua and influence trophoblast migration through IGFBP1. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:890-9. [PMID: 27193429 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) influence the migration of human extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells through changes in insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) production in decidual cells? STUDY FINDING Decidua-derived IGFBP1 had a stimulating effect on migration of EVT. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY IGFBP1 is abundantly secreted from human decidual cells and influences trophoblast migration in human placenta of early pregnancy. In hepatic cells, the expression of IGFBP1 is influenced by nutritional status and BCAAs regulate IGFBP1 production. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS This is a laboratory-based study using human decidual cells and trophoblast cells isolated from placental tissue of early pregnancy (n = 50) and grown as primary cultures. Production of IGFBP1 from decidual cells was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting after incubation with or without BCAAs. EVT migration was evaluated using the media conditioned by decidual cells. The effect of conditioned media on phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in EVT was also analyzed by immunoblotting. The same experiments were repeated in the presence of RGD peptide, which inhibits IGFBP1 binding to α5β1 integrin. An EVT migration assay and the immunoblotting of phosphorylated FAK were also conducted with exogenous IGFBP1. The effect of the conditioned media on cytotrophoblast cell number was also assessed using WST-1 in a cell proliferation assay. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Deprivation of BCAAs on decidual cells significantly suppressed IGFBP1 secretion (P < 0.05, versus BCAA+). Exogenous IGFBP1-stimulated EVT migration (P < 0.05) and phosphorylation of FAK (P < 0.05), and the RGD peptide inhibited these effects. EVT migration and phosphorylation of FAK were stimulated by the conditioned media, presumably by IGFBP1 in the media. RGD treatment abrogated the stimulating effects of conditioned media. The conditioned media deprived of BCAAs had suppressive effects on EVT migration (P < 0.05, versus BCAA+) and phosphorylation of FAK (P < 0.05, versus BCAA+). The conditioned media did not affect number of cytotrophoblast cells. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The conclusions are based on in vitro experiments with human decidual cells and trophoblast cells isolated from placental tissue of early pregnancy, and we were unable to ascertain whether these mechanisms actually operate in vivo. We investigated the effect of decidua-derived IGFBP1 on EVT migration, however, we cannot completely rule out the possibility that endogenous IGF could also influence cell migration. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS Interruption of the BCAA supply to uterine decidual cells in early pregnancy may suppress EVT migration through reduced IGFBP1 secretion, which may be one of the pathophysiological conditions responsible for pre-eclampsia. LARGE SCALE DATA None. STUDY FUNDING/ AND COMPETING INTERESTS All funds were obtained through Kyorin University School of Medicine. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Keiji Sakai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Miho Matsushima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsuzawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tomoko Izawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagashima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Seishi Furukawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Iwashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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E Davies J, Pollheimer J, Yong HEJ, Kokkinos MI, Kalionis B, Knöfler M, Murthi P. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition during extravillous trophoblast differentiation. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:310-21. [PMID: 27070187 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1170258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful pregnancy depends on the intricate and timely interactions of maternal and fetal cells. Placental extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion involves a cellular transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. Villous cytotrophoblasts undergo a partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when differentiating into extravillous cytotrophoblasts and gain the capacity to migrate and invade. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding known regulators of EMT in the human placenta, including the inducers of EMT, upstream transcription factors that control EMT and the downstream effectors, cell adhesion molecules and their differential expression and functions in pregnancy pathologies, preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). The review also describes the research strategies that were used for the identification of the functional role of EMT targets in vitro. A better understanding of molecular pathways driven by placental EMT and further elucidation of signaling pathways underlying the developmental programs may offer novel strategies of targeted therapy for improving feto-placental growth in placental pathologies including PE and FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Davies
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jürgen Pollheimer
- c Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine , Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Hannah E J Yong
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Maria I Kokkinos
- b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Martin Knöfler
- c Department of Obstetrics and Fetal-Maternal Medicine , Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Padma Murthi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,b Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research Centre , The Royal Women's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,d Department of Medicine , School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Victoria , Australia
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Kipkeew F, Kirsch M, Klein D, Wuelling M, Winterhager E, Gellhaus A. CCN1 (CYR61) and CCN3 (NOV) signaling drives human trophoblast cells into senescence and stimulates migration properties. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:163-78. [PMID: 26744771 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1139265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During placental development, continuous invasion of trophoblasts into the maternal compartment depends on the support of proliferating extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Unlike tumor cells, EVTs escape from the cell cycle before invasion into the decidua and spiral arteries. This study focused on the regulation properties of glycosylated and non-glycosylated matricellular CCN1 and CCN3, primarily for proliferation control in the benign SGHPL-5 trophoblast cell line, which originates from the first-trimester placenta. Treating SGHPL-5 trophoblast cells with the glycosylated forms of recombinant CCN1 and CCN3 decreased cell proliferation by bringing about G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was accompanied by the upregulation of activated Notch-1 and its target gene p21. Interestingly, both CCN proteins increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and the expression of the senescence marker p16. The migration capability of SGHPL-5 cells was mostly enhanced in response to CCN1 and CCN3, by the activation of FAK and Akt kinase but not by the activation of ERK1/2. In summary, both CCN proteins play a key role in regulating trophoblast cell differentiation by inducing senescence and enhancing migration properties. Reduced levels of CCN1 and CCN3, as found in early-onset preeclampsia, could contribute to a shift from invasive to proliferative EVTs and may explain their shallow invasion properties in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kipkeew
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Manuela Kirsch
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- c Institute of Cell Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Manuela Wuelling
- d Department of Developmental Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Elke Winterhager
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany.,b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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58
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Kroener L, Wang ET, Pisarska MD. Predisposing Factors to Abnormal First Trimester Placentation and the Impact on Fetal Outcomes. Semin Reprod Med 2015; 34:27-35. [PMID: 26696276 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1570029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Normal placentation during the first trimester sets the stage for the rest of pregnancy and involves a finely orchestrated cellular and molecular interplay of maternal and fetal tissues. The resulting intrauterine environment plays an important role in fetal programming and the future health of the fetus, and is impacted by multiple genetic and epigenetic factors. Abnormalities in placentation and spiral artery invasion can lead to ischemia, placental disease, and adverse obstetrical outcomes including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental abruption. Although first trimester placentation is affected by multiple factors, preconception environmental influences such as mode of conception, including assisted reproductive technologies which result in fertilization in vitro and intrauterine influences due to sex differences, are emerging as potential significant factors impacting first trimester placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Kroener
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Erica T Wang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Margareta D Pisarska
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Lash GE. Molecular Cross-Talk at the Feto-Maternal Interface. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 5:cshperspect.a023010. [PMID: 26385089 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular cross-talk at the feto-maternal interface occurs between many different cell types, including uterine leukocytes, extravillous trophoblast cells, and uterine spiral arteries, is essential for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This review concentrates on human pregnancy and examines three main areas in which cross-talk occurs; immune tolerance, regulation of extravillous trophoblast invasion, and remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gendie E Lash
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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Spagnoletti A, Paulesu L, Mannelli C, Ermini L, Romagnoli R, Cintorino M, Ietta F. Low concentrations of Bisphenol A and para-Nonylphenol affect extravillous pathway of human trophoblast cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 412:56-64. [PMID: 26027920 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and para-Nonylphenol (p-NP) are chemicals of industrial origin which may influence human reproductive health. The effects of these substances in the prenatal life is an important topic that is receiving greater attention in the developed countries. In this study, human trophoblast cells HTR-8/SVneo were exposed to BPA and p-NP (1 × 10(-15), 1 × 10(-13), 1 × 10(-11), 1 × 10(-9) and 1 × 10(-7) M) and incubated for 24, 48 and/or 72 h then, examined for the main physiological processes which characterize the extravillous trophoblast. Cell proliferation showed no changes while the processes of cell migration and invasion were both reduced by BPA and p-NP. For each chemical, the activity was higher at lower concentrations with a maximum activity between 1 × 10(-13) and 1 × 10(-11) M (p < 0.05 for 1 × 10(-9) and p < 0.001 for 1 × 10(-11) M). Co-culture studies with human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC) revealed that trophoblast/endothelial interaction was significantly reduced by p-NP at 1 × 10(-11) M. Moreover, both chemicals were inducing differentiation of HTR-8/SVneo toward polyploidy by the process of endoreduplication. The estrogen-receptor antagonist ICI significantly reduced p-NP action, while it had no effect on BPA treated cells. In conclusion, p-NP and BPA act on trophoblast cells altering key physiological processes in placenta development. The exact mechanism of action of the chemicals in human trophoblast still needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Paulesu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Mannelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marcella Cintorino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Mario Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Covarrubias AEC, Barrence FC, Zorn TMT. The absence of the embryo in the pseudopregnant uterus alters the deposition of some ECM molecules during decidualization in mice. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:253-63. [PMID: 25738597 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1023432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The embryo-implantation promotes deep changes in the uterus resulting in the formation of a new structure at the maternal-fetal interface, the decidua. Decidualization can also be induced in pseudopregnant rodents resulting in a structure called deciduoma that is morphologically and functionally similar to the decidua. Previous studies from our and other laboratories demonstrate that in rodents, decidualization of the endometrium requires remarkable remodeling of the endometrial extracellular matrix (ECM) that is mainly coordinated by estradiol and progesterone. The influence of the embryo in this process, however, has not yet been investigated. To enlarge the knowledge on this subject, the present study investigates the behavior of a set of ECM molecules, in the absence of paracrine cues originated from the embryo. For that deciduoma was induced in pseudopregnant Swiss mice, and the distribution of collagen types I, III, IV, V and the proteoglycans decorin and biglycan was investigated by immunolabeling from the fifth to the eighth day of pseudopregnancy. It was observed the deposition of collagen types III and IV as well as decorin and biglycan was similar to that previously described by our group in the decidua. However, in the absence of the embryo, some differences occur in the distribution of collagen types I and V, suggesting that beside the major role of ovarian hormones on the endometrial ECM remodeling, molecular signals originated from the conceptus may influence this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambart E C Covarrubias
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil and
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Vadasz B, Chen P, Yougbaré I, Zdravic D, Li J, Li C, Carrim N, Ni H. Platelets and platelet alloantigens: Lessons from human patients and animal models of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Genes Dis 2015; 2:173-185. [PMID: 28345015 PMCID: PMC5362271 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets play critical roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. Emerging evidence indicates that they are versatile cells and also involved in many other physiological processes and disease states. Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a life threatening bleeding disorder caused by fetal platelet destruction by maternal alloantibodies developed during pregnancy. Gene polymorphisms cause platelet surface protein incompatibilities between mother and fetus, and ultimately lead to maternal alloimmunization. FNAIT is the most common cause of intracranial hemorrhage in full-term infants and can also lead to intrauterine growth retardation and miscarriage. Proper diagnosis, prevention and treatment of FNAIT is challenging due to insufficient knowledge of the disease and a lack of routine screening as well as its frequent occurrence in first pregnancies. Given the ethical difficulties in performing basic research on human fetuses and neonates, animal models are essential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of FNAIT. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on platelets, hemostasis and thrombocytopenia with a focus on the advancements made in FNAIT by utilizing animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Vadasz
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pingguo Chen
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Issaka Yougbaré
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darko Zdravic
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - June Li
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Conglei Li
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Naadiya Carrim
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Heyu Ni
- Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Protective effect of (±)α-tocopherol on brominated diphenyl ether-47-stimulated prostaglandin pathways in human extravillous trophoblasts in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1309-18. [PMID: 26026498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brominated diphenyl ether (BDE)-47 is a prevalent flame retardant chemical found in human tissues and is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans. Because dysregulation of the prostaglandin pathway is implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes, the present study investigates BDE-47 induction of prostaglandin synthesis in a human extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, examining the hypothesis that BDE-47 increases generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to stimulate the prostaglandin response. Treatment with 20 μM BDE-47 significantly increased mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) at 4, 12 and 24 h, and 24-h treatment significantly increased cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 cellular protein expression and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration in culture medium. The BDE-47-stimulated PGE2 release was inhibited by the COX inhibitors indomethacin and NS398, implicating COX activity. Exposure to 20 μM BDE-47 significantly increased ROS generation as measured by carboxydichlorofluorescein fluorescence, and this response was blocked by cotreatment with the peroxyl radical scavenger (±)-α-tocopherol. (±)-α-Tocopherol cotreatment suppressed BDE-47-stimulated increases of PGE2 release without significant effects on COX-2 mRNA and protein expression, implicating a role for ROS in post-translational regulation of COX activity. Because prostaglandins regulate trophoblast functions necessary for placentation and pregnancy, further investigation is warranted of BDE-47 impacts on trophoblast responses.
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Winger EE, Reed JL, Ji X. First-trimester maternal cell microRNA is a superior pregnancy marker to immunological testing for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 110:22-35. [PMID: 25965838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients at risk of immune-mediated pregnancy complications have historically relied on the use of peripheral blood immunological assays for diagnosis and pregnancy monitoring. However, these tests often fail to identify many at-risk patients, achieving moderately predictive receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve AUCs of 0.60-0.70. We previously demonstrated that a microRNA panel comprising 30 microRNAs successfully predicts pregnancy outcome in the first trimester. In our current study we constructed a smaller, more clinically useful seven-microRNA panel from the original panel of 30 microRNAs with equivalent sensitivity and specificity. To select optimal microRNAs for a smaller panel, quantitative RT-PCR on 30 microRNAs was first performed on 48 patients (191 samples) with concurrent immunological testing: TNFα/Il-10 ratio, IFNγ/Il-10, CD56+16+%, NK 50:1 cytotoxicity and T regulatory cells. MicroRNAs were separated into clusters associated with: Th1/Th2 response; T regulatory cell percent; pregnancy risk; treatment response. Seven most differentially expressed microRNAs were selected. The seven microRNA scoring system was then applied to 39 patient samples in the first trimester of pregnancy (19 healthy deliveries, 8 miscarriages, 12 preeclampsia [7 late-onset and 5 early-onset]) and 20 samples in the preconception period (2-10 weeks before conception). Predictive value was assessed. ROC curves for the seven-microRNA panel achieved AUC 0.92 for miscarriage and 0.90 for preeclampsia (blood drawn 34.9±19.2 days post-implantation). For samples measured preconception, ROC curve analysis demonstrated AUC 0.81 for adverse pregnancy outcome. Maternal PBMC microRNA can identify high-risk patients likely to benefit from immunotherapy with improved sensitivity and specificity compared with standard immune assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Winger
- Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, 7013 Realm Dr, Ste A, San Jose, CA, USA.
| | - Jane L Reed
- Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, 7013 Realm Dr, Ste A, San Jose, CA, USA.
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Stanford University, Human Immune Monitoring Center, CCSR 0128, 1291 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Liao WC, Liu CH, Chen CH, Hsu WM, Liao YY, Chang HM, Lan CT, Huang MC, Shyu MK. β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase III suppresses extravillous trophoblast invasion through modifying β1-integrin glycosylation. Placenta 2015; 36:357-64. [PMID: 25659296 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycosylation controls diverse protein functions and regulates various cellular phenotypes. Trophoblast invasion is essential for normal placental development. However, the role of glycosylation in human placenta throughout pregnancy is still unclear. The β-1,4-galactosyltransferase III (B4GALT3) has been found to regulate cancer cell invasion. We therefore investigated the expression of B4GALT3 in placenta and its roles in trophoblast. METHODS B4GALT3 protein expression was examined by quantitative Western blotting analysis in human placentas. For identification of B4GALT3-positive cells in normal human placenta, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods were used. To investigate effects of B4GALT3 on extravillous trophoblast (EVT)-like cell and primary EVT cells, we analyzed cell growth, adhesion, migration, and invasion in mock and B4GALT3-transfected cell. RESULTS B4GALT3 expression significantly increased in third trimester human placenta. Immunostaining revealed that B4GALT3 expressed in placental villous cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast, and a subpopulation of EVT cells throughout pregnancy. Interestingly, we found increases in the expression level and percentage of B4GALT3-positive cells in third trimester EVT, but not in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts of placental villi. Overexpression of B4GALT3 in HTR8/SVneo cells and primary trophoblast cells significantly suppressed cell migration. In addition, B4GALT3 suppressed cell invasion, and enhanced cell adhesion to laminin in HTR8/SVneo cells. Notably, we found that B4GALT3 modified glycans on β1-integrin, suppressed focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, and enhanced β1-integrin degradation. DISCUSSION We propose that B4GALT3-mediated glycosylation change not only enhances β1-integrin binding to laminin, but also attenuates β1-integrin stability. Our findings suggest that B4GALT3 is a critical regulator for suppressing EVT invasion in the late stages of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - C-H Liu
- Research and Development Center for Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - C-H Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - W-M Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospitaland College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Y-Y Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - H-M Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-T Lan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - M-C Huang
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - M-K Shyu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Park HR, Loch-Caruso R. Protective effect of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 on inflammatory cytokine response to brominated diphenyl ether-47 in the HTR-8/SVneo human first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 281:67-77. [PMID: 25305463 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used flame retardants, and BDE-47 is a prevalent PBDE congener detected in human tissues. Exposure to PBDEs has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans. Although the underlying mechanisms of adverse birth outcomes are poorly understood, critical roles for oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated. The present study investigated antioxidant responses in a human extravillous trophoblast cell line, HTR-8/SVneo, and examined the role of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an antioxidative transcription factor, in BDE-47-induced inflammatory responses in the cells. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with 5, 10, 15, and 20μM BDE-47 for 24h increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels compared to solvent control. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with 20μM BDE-47 for 24h induced the antioxidant response element (ARE) activity, indicating Nrf2 transactivation by BDE-47 treatment, and resulted in differential expression of redox-sensitive genes compared to solvent control. Pretreatment with tert-butyl hydroquinone (tBHQ) or sulforaphane, known Nrf2 inducers, reduced BDE-47-stimulated IL-6 release with increased ARE reporter activity, reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) reporter activity, increased GSH production, and stimulated expression of antioxidant genes compared to non-Nrf2 inducer pretreated groups, suggesting that Nrf2 may play a protective role against BDE-47-mediated inflammatory responses in HTR-8/SVneo cells. These results suggest that Nrf2 activation significantly attenuated BDE-47-induced IL-6 release by augmentation of cellular antioxidative system via upregulation of Nrf2 signaling pathways, and that Nrf2 induction may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with toxicant-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ryung Park
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Rita Loch-Caruso
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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O'Tierney-Ginn PF, Lash GE. Beyond pregnancy: modulation of trophoblast invasion and its consequences for fetal growth and long-term children's health. J Reprod Immunol 2014; 104-105:37-42. [PMID: 24915833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) into the maternal tissues is a key step in the development of a successful pregnancy, excessive and insufficient EVT invasion being associated with pregnancy complications. These pregnancy complications include preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, both of which are associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality at the time of birth and with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity in adult life for infants born from these conditions. In addition, women who develop preeclampsia are also at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease in later life. Many factors, protein and environmental, have been shown to both up- and down-regulate this process in vitro via different mechanisms. The redundancy observed in the regulation of this system suggests that dysregulation of one factor may not contribute to the pathological conditions of EVT invasion and that the relative local concentrations of many different factors may be more important. This review article explores the possibility that the modulation of EVT invasion as a therapeutic target for pregnancies affected by preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction may not be possible or needs to concentrate on the modulation of cell activity as a whole and not of one particular factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrie F O'Tierney-Ginn
- Center for Reproductive Health, MetroHealth Medical Center at Case Western Reserve U, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Reproductive and Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, USA.
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68
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Overlapping DNA methylation profile between placentas with trisomy 16 and early-onset preeclampsia. Placenta 2014; 35:216-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cağlar M, Yavuzcan A, Göksu M, Alkan Bulbul G, Sıtkı Isenlik B, Ustün Y, Aydin S, Kumru S. Decorin: a possible marker for fetal growth restriction. Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:141-4. [PMID: 24256371 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.860125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare decorin (DCN) levels between pregnancies complicated by idiopathic fetal growth restriction (FGR) and uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship between DCN levels and clinical parameters. The study population consisted of two groups: control group consisted of 13 women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies in the third trimester. Study group consisted of 14 singleton pregnancies complicated by idiopathic FGR who were admitted to the hospital for delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy. Maternal and fetal DCN levels were measured. Color Doppler flow assessments were performed. Relationship between DCN levels and clinical parameters was determined. Maternal DCN serum levels were significantly higher in complicated pregnancies by idiopathic FGR (p = 0.01). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between maternal DCN serum levels and neonatal birth weight (r = -0.0506; p = 0.007). There was a significant correlation between umbilical artery (UA) DCN levels and UA S/D ratio (r = 0.512; p = 0.006) and UA RI (r = 0.405; p = 0.036). The risk of high DCN maternal serum levels (>7986.6 pg/mL) in pregnancy complicated by FGR was 8.25 times higher (RR = 8.25; 95% CI, 1.4-46.8). The results of our study showed that the presence of increased DCN levels in women with FGR could contribute to pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Cağlar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Düzce University, Düzce , Turkey
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Segond N, Degrelle SA, Berndt S, Clouqueur E, Rouault C, Saubamea B, Dessen P, Fong KSK, Csiszar K, Badet J, Evain-Brion D, Fournier T. Transcriptome analysis of PPARγ target genes reveals the involvement of lysyl oxidase in human placental cytotrophoblast invasion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79413. [PMID: 24265769 PMCID: PMC3827157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placental development is characterized by invasion of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCTs) into the uterine wall during the first trimester of pregnancy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a major role in placental development, and activation of PPARγ by its agonists results in inhibition of EVCT invasion in vitro. To identify PPARγ target genes, microarray analysis was performed using GeneChip technology on EVCT primary cultures obtained from first-trimester human placentas. Gene expression was compared in EVCTs treated with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone versus control. A total of 139 differentially regulated genes were identified, and changes in the expression of the following 8 genes were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction: a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain12 (ADAM12), connexin 43 (CX43), deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1), dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX-1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and PPARγ. Among the upregulated genes, lysyl oxidase (LOX) was further analyzed. In the LOX family, only LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in rosiglitazone-treated EVCTs. RNA and protein expression of the subfamily members LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 were analyzed by absolute RT-qPCR and western blotting, and localized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence-confocal microscopy. LOX protein was immunodetected in the EVCT cytoplasm, while LOXL1 was found in the nucleus and nucleolus. No signal was detected for LOXL2 protein. Specific inhibition of LOX activity by β-aminopropionitrile in cell invasion assays led to an increase in EVCT invasiveness. These results suggest that LOX, LOXL1 and LOXL2 are downstream PPARγ targets and that LOX activity is a negative regulator of trophoblastic cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Segond
- INSERM, UMR-S767, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Séverine A. Degrelle
- INSERM, UMR-S767, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Berndt
- INSERM, UMR-S767, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Clouqueur
- INSERM, UMR-S767, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouault
- INSERM, UMR 872, Equipe 7, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Saubamea
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM, U705, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8206, Paris, France
| | | | - Keith S. K. Fong
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Katalin Csiszar
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Josette Badet
- INSERM, UMR-S767, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Danièle Evain-Brion
- INSERM, UMR-S767, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- INSERM, UMR-S767, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- PremUP Foundation, Paris, France
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Jeon YJ, Kim YR, Lee BE, Choi YS, Kim JH, Shin JE, Rah H, Cha SH, Lee WS, Kim NK. Genetic association of five plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) polymorphisms and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss in Korean women. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:742-50. [PMID: 23903286 DOI: 10.1160/th13-03-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is important for maintaining pregnancy. Aberrantly increased PAI-1 levels may contribute to thrombosis and inflammation, leading to pregnancy loss. This study investigated the association of PAI-1 polymorphisms (PAI-1 rs2227631 [-844G>A], rs1799889 [-675 4G/5G], rs6092 [43G>A], rs2227694 [9785G>A], and rs7242 [11053T>G]) with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Korean women. We screened 308 RPL patients and 227 control participants for five PAI-1 polymorphisms. Genotyping of PAI-1 was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. PAI-1 4G4G and -844AA/4G4G/11053GG genotypes were associated with RPL. PAI-1 -844A/4G/43G/9785G/11053G haplotype was connected to hypofibrinolytic status (i.e. increased levels of plasma PAI-1, increased numbers of platelets, reduced prothrombin time, and reduced activated partial thromboplastin time). Moreover, PAI-1 11053TG+GG frequency was positively related to plasma homocysteine and urate levels, whereas -844AA frequency was associated with plasma folate concentrations according to ordinal logistic regression analysis. Based on these results, we propose that PAI-1 -844G>A, 4G/5G, and 11053T>G polymorphisms are markers of RPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Jeon
- Nam Keun Kim, PhD, Institute for Clinical Research, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-712, South Korea, Tel.: +82 31 780 5762, Fax: +82 31 780 5766, E-mail:
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72
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Tapia-Pizarro A, Argandoña F, Palomino WA, Devoto L. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) modulation of TIMP1 secretion by human endometrial stromal cells facilitates extravillous trophoblast invasion in vitro. Hum Reprod 2013; 28:2215-27. [PMID: 23696542 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling elements, relevant to embryo implantation and placentation, modified by hCG in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER hCG decreases tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) secretion in ESCs, thereby facilitating extravillous trophoblast invasion in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Successful embryo implantation and placentation depend on the appropriate invasion of the trophoblast into the maternal endometrial stroma. hCG is one of the earliest embryo-derived secreted signals in the endometrium which abundantly expresses hCG receptors. However, there is little data concerning the effects of hCG on endometrial ECM remodelling with respect to embryo implantation. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study was conducted in an academic research laboratory within a tertiary-care hospital. Samples were collected from 36 women undergoing benign gynaecological surgery during the mid-secretory phase. ESCs were isolated and stimulated with hCG (10 UI/ml) or vehicle. Conditioned media (CM) were analysed to determine changes in the secreted profile of nine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and three tissue-specific inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) using an ELISA array. Data were confirmed by gelatine zymography, western blot and ELISA. The HTR8/SVneo cell line served as a model for trophoblast cells. The invasive potential of trophoblast cells was assessed using Transwell invasion assays under CM or co-culture conditions with ECS and the role of regulated molecules was examined by using immunoprecipitation in CM prior to the assessment of invasive potential. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE MMP-2 levels increased 30%, whereas TIMP-1 levels decreased 20% in CM from ESCs stimulated with hCG (P < 0.05). Gelatine zymography confirmed an increase in MMP-2 activity (P < 0.05). ELISA and western blotting also confirmed the reduction in TIMP-1 upon hCG treatment (P < 0.05). Invasion assays revealed a ∼50% increase in invading HTR8/SVneo cells in chambers with hCG-stimulated ESCs compared with the control (P < 0.05). Immunodepletion of TIMP-1 from control ESC-CM partially resembled the effect of CM from hCG-stimulated ESCs in the trophoblast invasion assays. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The assays were performed in vitro and ESCs were not decidualized, therefore they reflected the very early stages of embryo implantation or the advanced stages when decidualization fails. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Our data suggest that hCG induces endometrial stromal extracellular remodelling by modulating secreted MMP-2 and TIMP-1. This regulation may be physiologically relevant because it increases the invasive potential of trophoblast-derived cells. At present, few data exist concerning the implications of hCG and endometrial ECM remodelling in embryo implantation. Hence, our results should be confirmed by further in vivo studies. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by FONDECYT 11100443, PBCT-PSD51 (IDIMI) and FONDAP 15010006. None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tapia-Pizarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Rappolee DA, Zhou S, Puscheck EE, Xie Y. Stress responses at the endometrial-placental interface regulate labyrinthine placental differentiation from trophoblast stem cells. Reproduction 2013; 145:R139-55. [PMID: 23463790 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Development can happen in one of two ways. Cells performing a necessary function can differentiate from stem cells before the need for it arises and stress does not develop. Or need arises before function, stress develops and stress signals are part of the normal stimuli that regulate developmental mechanisms. These mechanisms adjust stem cell differentiation to produce function in a timely and proportional manner. In this review, we will interpret data from studies of null lethal mutants for placental stress genes that suggest the latter possibility. Acknowledged stress pathways participate in stress-induced and -regulated differentiation in two ways. These pathways manage the homeostatic response to maintain stem cells during the stress. Stress pathways also direct stem cell differentiation to increase the first essential lineage and suppress later lineages when stem cell accumulation is diminished. This stress-induced differentiation maintains the conceptus during stress. Pathogenic outcomes arise because population sizes of normal stem cells are first depleted by decreased accumulation. The fraction of stem cells is further decreased by differentiation that is induced to compensate for smaller stem cell populations. Analysis of placental lethal null mutant genes known to mediate stress responses suggests that the labyrinthine placenta develops during, and is regulated by, hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Rappolee
- CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine.
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Fu G, Ye G, Nadeem L, Ji L, Manchanda T, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Qiao J, Wang YL, Lye S, Yang BB, Peng C. MicroRNA-376c impairs transforming growth factor-β and nodal signaling to promote trophoblast cell proliferation and invasion. Hypertension 2013; 61:864-72. [PMID: 23424236 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.203489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a major disorder of pregnancy and a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. In this study, we examined the expression of miR-376c and found that miR-376c levels were downregulated in both placental and plasma samples collected from preeclamptic patients, when compared with the normal pregnant women at the same gestational stage. Overexpression of miR-376c induced trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in HTR8/SVneo cells and promoted placental explant outgrowth. In contrast, inhibition of endogenous miR-376c resulted in a decrease in trophoblast cell invasion and placental explant outgrowth. We identified activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), a type I receptor for transforming growth factor-β, and ALK7, a type I receptor for Nodal, as targets of miR-376c. Overexpression of miR-376c repressed transforming growth factor-β and Nodal functions, whereas overexpression of ALK5 and ALK7 reversed the effects of miR-376c. These results demonstrate that miR-376c inhibits both ALK5 and ALK7 expression to impair transforming growth factor-β/Nodal signaling, leading to increases in cell proliferation and invasion. An unbalanced Nodal/transforming growth factor-β and miR-376c expression may lead to the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Fu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Nodal promotes invasive phenotypes via a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Oncogene 2013; 33:461-73. [PMID: 23334323 PMCID: PMC5025281 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The progression of cancer from localized to invasive disease is requisite for metastasis, and is often characterized by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and alterations in cellular adhesion and migration. Studies have shown that this transition is associated with an up-regulation of embryonic stem cell-associated genes, resulting in a dedifferentiated phenotype and poor patient prognosis. Nodal is an embryonic factor that plays a critical role in promoting early invasive events during development. Nodal is silenced as stem cells differentiate; however, it re-emerges in adult life during placentation and mammary gland development, and is aberrantly expressed in many cancers. Here, we show that Nodal over-expression, in poorly-invasive breast cancer and choriocarcinoma cells, causes increased invasion and migration in vitro. Furthermore, we show that Nodal over-expression in these epithelial cancer types induces an EMT-like event concomitant with the internalization of E-Cadherin. This ability of Nodal to promote cellular invasion and EMT-like phenomena is dependent upon the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Since Nodal normally signals through SMADs, these findings lend insight into an alternative pathway that is hijacked by this protein in cancer. To evaluate the clinical implications of our results, we show that Nodal inhibition reduces liver tumor burden in a model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis in vivo, and that Nodal loss-of-function in aggressive breast cancer lines results in a decrease in invasive phenotypes. Our results demonstrate that Nodal is involved in promoting invasion in multiple cellular contexts, and that Nodal inhibition may be useful as a therapeutic target for patients with progressive disease.
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76
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HPV-16 exposed mouse embryos: a potential model for pregnancy wastage. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 287:1093-7. [PMID: 23307167 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-2711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Placentas from spontaneous abortions and preterm deliveries have a higher prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) compared to placentas from elective abortions and term births. The objective was to determine the effects of HPV-16 on the adhesion and implantation properties of early embryo trophoblasts. METHODS Two-cell mouse embryos were cultured (medium G2, 5 % CO2, 37 °C) for 72-96 h and exposed to either HPV-16 rich SiHa cell lysates which were refrigerated after mechanical lysis, thawed lysates which had been frozen for freeze/thaw lysis method, or control medium, incubated (4-5 days) and evaluated by microscopy (N = 96 embryos, 3 repeated experiments). Trophoblasts were stained and images were digitized. Adhesion and dimension data were analyzed by Chi-square and t test, respectively. RESULTS HPV-16 exposed embryos exhibited less adhesion through reduced implantation compared with the control (combined lysates 53.8 vs. 85.7 %, P < 0.05). Refrigerated and thawed lysate groups had similar reduced implantations (58.3 vs. 50.0 %). Of the embryos with implantation, 100 % in the refrigerated lysates were noted to have loose or abnormal adhesion. This was measured when embryos were noted to be lost after washes with HTF. There was no difference in trophoblast viability among the groups. Total trophoblast area was greater in the HPV-16 exposed frozen lysate group (1,881.8 ± 605.3 vs. control 848.8 ± 298.0 square units, mean ± SEM). CONCLUSIONS HPV-16 inhibited trophoblasts adhesion needed for normal implantation, but not embryo development. Total trophoblast spread was increased after HPV-16 exposure suggesting that HPV-16 altered trophoblast migration. These results suggest that HPV-16 may induce abnormal placental growth resulting in pregnancy wastage.
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Kutzler M, Sahlfeld L, Fellows E. Who Let the Dogs In: A Canine Trophoblast Invasion Model for Pre-eclampsia. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 47 Suppl 6:186-9. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Kutzler
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences; Theriogenology Laboratory; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
| | - L Sahlfeld
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences; Theriogenology Laboratory; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
| | - E Fellows
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences; Theriogenology Laboratory; Oregon State University; Corvallis; OR; USA
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Liao WC, Chen CH, Liu CH, Huang MJ, Chen CW, Hung JS, Chou CH, Chen CH, Che MI, Chang HM, Lan CT, Huang HC, Tseng GF, Shyu MK, Huang MC. Expression of GALNT2 in human extravillous trophoblasts and its suppressive role in trophoblast invasion. Placenta 2012; 33:1005-11. [PMID: 23117232 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extravillus trophoblast (EVT) invasion plays a critical role in placental development. Integrins bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to mediate EVT cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Changes in O-glycans on β1-integrin have been found to regulate cancer cell behavior. We hypothesize that O-glycosyltransferases can regulate EVT invasion through modulating the glycosylation and function of β1-integrin. Here, we found that the GALNT1 and GALNT2 mRNA were highly expressed in HTR8/SVneo and first trimester EVT cells. Immunohistochemstry and immunofluorescence staining showed that GALNT2 was expressed in subpopulations of EVT cells in deciduas, but not in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts of placental villi. The percentage of GALNT2-positive EVT cells increased with gestational ages. Overexpression of GALNT2 in HTR8/SVneo cells significantly enhanced cell-collagen IV adhesion, but suppressed cell migration and invasion. Notably, we found that GALNT2 increased the expression of Tn antigen (GalNAc-Ser/Thr) on β1-integrin as revealed by Vicia Villosa agglutinin (VVA) binding. Furthermore, GALNT2 suppressed the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a crucial downstream signaling molecule of β1-integrin. Our findings suggest that GALNT2 is a critical initiating enzyme of O-glycosylation for regulating EVT invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-C Liao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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79
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Lala N, Girish GV, Cloutier-Bosworth A, Lala PK. Mechanisms in decorin regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced human trophoblast migration and acquisition of endothelial phenotype. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:59. [PMID: 22699486 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.097881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells of the human placenta invade the uterine decidua and utero-placental arteries to establish an efficient exchange of key molecules between maternal and fetal blood. Trophoblast invasion is stringently regulated in situ both positively and negatively by a variety of factors at the fetal-maternal interface to maintain a healthy utero-placental homeostasis. One such factor, decorin, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta binding, leucine-rich proteoglycan produced by the decidua, negatively regulates EVT proliferation, migration, and invasiveness independent of TGF-beta. We reported that these decorin actions were mediated by its binding to multiple tyrosine kinase receptors, including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2. The present study explores the mechanisms underlying decorin antagonism of VEGF (VEGF-A) stimulation of endovascular differentiation of EVT using our EVT cell line, HTR-8/SVneo. We observe that decorin inhibits VEGF-induced EVT cell migration and endothelial-like tube formation on matrigel. VEGF activates MAPKs (p38 MAPK, MEK3/6, and ERK1/2) in EVT cells, and the activation is blocked in both cases by decorin. Employing selective MAPK inhibitors, we show that both p38 and ERK pathways contribute independently to VEGF-induced EVT migration and capillary-like tube formation. VEGF upregulates the vascular endothelial (VE) markers VE-cadherin and beta-catenin in EVT and endothelial cells, and this upregulation is blocked by decorin and MAPK inhibitors. These results suggest that decorin inhibits VEGF-A stimulation of trophoblast migration and endovascular differentiation by interfering with p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activation. Thus decorin-mediated dual impediment of endovascular differentiation of the EVT and angiogenesis may have implications for pathogenesis of preeclampsia, a hypoinvasive trophoblast disorder in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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80
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Bilogan CK, Horb ME. Microarray analysis of Xenopus endoderm expressing Ptf1a. Genesis 2012; 50:853-70. [PMID: 22815262 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Pancreas-specific transcription factor 1a (Ptf1a), a bHLH transcription factor, has two temporally distinct functions during pancreas development; initially it is required for early specification of the entire pancreas, while later it is required for proper differentiation and maintenance of only acinar cells. The importance of Ptf1a function was revealed by the fact that loss of Ptf1a leads to pancreas agenesis in humans. While Ptf1a is one of the most important pancreatic transcription factors, little is known about the differences between the regulatory networks it controls during initial specification of the pancreas as opposed to acinar cell development, and to date no comprehensive analysis of its downstream targets has been published. In this article, we use Xenopus embryos to identify putative downstream targets of Ptf1a. We isolated anterior endoderm tissue overexpressing Ptf1a at two early stages, NF32 and NF36, and compared their gene expression profiles using microarrays. Our results revealed that Ptf1a regulates genes with a wide variety of functions, providing insight into the complexity of the regulatory network required for pancreas specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra K Bilogan
- Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
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81
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Placental expression of CD100, CD72 and CD45 is dysregulated in human miscarriage. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35232. [PMID: 22606231 PMCID: PMC3350501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Context and Objective The etiology of miscarriage is often multifactorial. One major cause, immunological rejection of the fetus, has not been clearly elucidated. Our aim was to establish whether the semaphorin CD100, its natural receptor CD72, and the glycoprotein CD45, implicated in immune mechanisms, are involved in pregnancy loss by examining their placental expression with real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. Patients Placenta tissue from 72 Caucasian women undergoing surgical uterine evacuation due to early spontaneous pregnancy loss between the 8th and 12th week of gestation was divided into four groups based on miscarriage number. Gestational age-matched placentas from 18 healthy women without a history of miscarriage undergoing voluntary pregnancy termination were the control group. Placenta from 6 Caesarean deliveries performed at 38–40 weeks of gestation was also studied. Results CD100, CD72 and CD45 were expressed in placenta and exhibited different mRNA and protein levels in normal pregnancy and miscarriage. In particular, protein levels were highly dysregulated around 10 weeks of gestation in first and second miscarriage placentas. The CD100 soluble form was produced and immediately shed from placental tissue in all samples. Conclusions Fetal CD100, CD72 and CD45 seem to play a role in miscarriage. The present data support the involvement of the fetal immune system in pregnancy maintenance as well as failure.
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Luo L, Ye G, Nadeem L, Fu G, Yang BB, Honarparvar E, Dunk C, Lye S, Peng C. MicroRNA-378a-5p promotes trophoblast cell survival, migration and invasion by targeting Nodal. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3124-32. [PMID: 22454525 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.096412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nodal is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily that plays crucial roles during embryogenesis. Recently, we have reported that Nodal inhibits trophoblast cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but induces apoptosis in the human placenta. In this study, we examined the regulation of Nodal by microRNAs. In silico analysis of Nodal 3'UTR revealed a potential binding site for miR-378a-5p. In luciferase reporter assays, we found that miR-378a-5p suppressed the luciferase activity of a reporter plasmid containing Nodal 3'UTR but this suppressive effect was completely abolished when the predicted target site was mutated. Western blot analysis showed that miR-378a-5p decreased whereas anti-miR-378a-5p increased Nodal protein levels. These results indicate that miR-378a-5p targets Nodal 3'UTR to repress its expression. Stable transfection of the miR-378a-5p precursor, mir-378a, into HTR8/SVneo cells enhanced cell survival, proliferation, migration and invasion. Transient transfection of mature miR-378a-5p mimic, and to a lesser extent, siRNA targeting Nodal, produced similar effects. However, anti-miR-378a-5p inhibited cell migration and invasion. In addition, overexpression of Nodal reversed the invasion-promoting effect of miR-378a-5p. Furthermore, miR-378a-5p enhanced, whereas anti-miR-378a-5p suppressed, the outgrowth and spreading of extravillous trophoblast cells in first trimester placental explants. Finally, miR-378a-5p was detected in human placenta throughout different stages of gestation and in preterm pregnancies, placental miR-378a-5p levels were lower in preeclamptic patients than in healthy controls. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that miR-378a-5p plays an important role in human placental development by regulating trophoblast cell growth, survival, migration and invasion, and that miR-378a-5p exerts these effects, at least in part, through the suppression of Nodal expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Luo
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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83
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Gürgen SG, Erdoğan D, Coşkun ZK, Cansu A. The effect of valproic acid and oxcarbazepine on the distribution of adhesion molecules in embryo implantation. Toxicology 2012; 292:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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84
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Abstract
The invasion of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVT) into the underlying maternal tissues and vasculature is a key step in human placentation. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the invasive phenotype of EVT include many that were first discovered for their role in cancer cell metastasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that N-cadherin and its regulatory transcription factor Twist play important roles in the onset and progression of cancers, but their roles in human trophoblastic cell invasion is not clear. The goal of the study was to examine the role of Twist and N-cadherin in human trophoblastic cell invasion. Twist and N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting in human placental tissues, highly invasive EVT, and poorly invasive JEG-3 and BeWo cells. Whether IL-1β and TGF-β1 regulate Twist mRNA and protein levels in the EVT was also examined. A small interfering RNA strategy was employed to determine the role of Twist and N-cadherin in HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion. Matrigel assays were used to assess cell invasion. Twist and N-cadherin were highly expressed in EVT but were poorly expressed in JEG-3 and BeWo cells. IL-1β and TGF-β1 differentially regulated Twist expression in EVT in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Small interfering RNA specific for Twist decreased N-cadherin and reduced invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Similarly, a reduction in N-cadherin decreased the invasive capacity of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Twist is an upstream regulator of N-cadherin-mediated invasion of human trophoblastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- York Hunt Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V5
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85
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Saso J, Shields SK, Zuo Y, Chakraborty C. Role of Rho GTPases in Human Trophoblast Migration Induced by IGFBP11. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:1-9. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.094698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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86
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Kolundžić N, Bojić-Trbojević Ž, Kovačević T, Stefanoska I, Kadoya T, Vićovac L. Galectin-1 is part of human trophoblast invasion machinery--a functional study in vitro. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28514. [PMID: 22174828 PMCID: PMC3234277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions of glycoconjugates with endogenous galectins, have been long proposed to participate in several reproductive processes including implantation. In human placenta gal-1, gal-3, gal-8, and gal-13 proteins are known to be present. Each of them has been proposed to play multiple functions, but so far no clear picture has emerged. We hypothesized that gal-1 participates in trophoblast invasion, and conducted Matrigel invasion assay using isolated cytotrophoblast from first trimester placenta and HTR-8/SVneo cell line to test it. METHODS AND FINDINGS Function blocking anti-gal-1 antibody was employed to assess participation of endogenous gal-1 in cell adhesion, cell invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. When gal-1 was blocked in isolated trophoblast cell invasion was reduced to 75% of control (SEM ± 6.3, P<0.001) and to 66% of control (SEM ± 1.7, P<0.001) in HTR-8/SVneo cell line. Increased availability of gal-1, as two molecular forms of recombinant human gal-1 (CS-gal-1 and Ox-gal-1), resulted in increased cell invasion by cytotrophoblast to 151% (SEM ± 16, P<0.01) with 1 ng/ml of CS-gal-1, and to 192% (SEM ± 51, P<0.05) with 1 µg/ml of Ox-gal-1. Stimulation was also observed in HTR-8/SVneo cells, to 317% (SEM ± 58, P<0.001) by CS-gal-1, and to 200% (SEM ± 24, P<0.001) by Ox-gal-1 at 1 µg/ml. Both sets of results confirmed involvement of gal-1 in trophoblast invasion. Galectin profile of isolated cytotrophoblast and HTR-8/SVneo cells was established using RT-PCR and real-time PCR and found to consist of gal-1, gal-3 and gal-8 for both cell types. Only gal-1 was located at the trophoblast cell membrane, as determined by FACS analysis, which is consistent with the results of the functional tests. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE These findings qualify gal-1 as a member of human trophoblast cell invasion machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Kolundžić
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Žanka Bojić-Trbojević
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Kovačević
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stefanoska
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Toshihiko Kadoya
- Department of Biotechnology, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ljiljana Vićovac
- Laboratory for Biology of Reproduction, Institute INEP, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Alvarez MM, Chakraborty C. Cadmium inhibits motility factor-dependent migration of human trophoblast cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1926-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
To study clinical and placental associations of increased amount of chorionic disk extravillous trophoblast (IAEVT), the frequency of selected clinical and placental parameters of 189 consecutive cases with IAEVT, defined as more than 5 cell islands and/or placental septa per placental section, were compared with those for all remaining 1,006 placentas examined during the same period. IAEVT was statistically significantly associated with preeclampsia, decidual arteriolopathy, placental infarction, and several chronic placental hypoxic lesions (uterine hypoxic pattern of hypoxic placental injury, microscopic chorionic pseudocysts, massive perivillous fibrin deposition, and trophoblastic multinucleated giant cells in decidua) and absence of meconium staining and umbilical cord abnormalities. The amount of chorionic disk extravillous trophoblast is increased in association with clinical conditions and placental lesions associated with chronic hypoxia of uterine origin, ie, placental malperfusion. Counting placental septa and cell islands is a valuable surrogate test of chronic placental hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Stanek
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
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89
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Abstract
Remodeling of uterine spiral arteries by trophoblast cells is a requisite process for hemochorial placentation and successful pregnancy. The rat exhibits deep intrauterine trophoblast invasion and accompanying trophoblast-directed vascular modification. The involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), AKT, and Fos-like antigen 1 (FOSL1) in regulating invasive trophoblast and hemochorial placentation was investigated using Rcho-1 trophoblast stem cells and rat models. Disruption of PI3K/AKT with small-molecule inhibitors interfered with the differentiation-dependent elaboration of a signature invasive-vascular remodeling trophoblast gene expression profile and trophoblast invasion. AKT isoform-specific knockdown also affected the signature invasive-vascular remodeling trophoblast gene expression profile. Nuclear FOSL1 increased during trophoblast cell differentiation in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner. Knockdown of FOSL1 disrupted the expression of a subset of genes associated with the invasive-vascular remodeling trophoblast phenotype, including the matrix metallopeptidase 9 gene (Mmp9). FOSL1 was shown to occupy regions of the Mmp9 promoter in trophoblast cells critical for the regulation of Mmp9 gene expression. Inhibition of FOSL1 expression also abrogated trophoblast invasion, as assessed in vitro and following in vivo trophoblast-specific lentivirally delivered FOSL1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). In summary, FOSL1 is a key downstream effector of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway responsible for development of trophoblast lineages integral to establishing the maternal-fetal interface.
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90
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An novel role of sphingosine kinase-1 (SPHK1) in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2011; 9:157. [PMID: 21936950 PMCID: PMC3186754 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment failure for esophageal carcinoma is frequently due to lymph node metastasis and invasion to neighboring organs. The aim of the present study was to investigate invasion- and metastasis-related genes in esophageal carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods A metastasis model using a Matrigel invasion clonal selection approach was employed to establish a highly invasive subline EC9706-P4 from the esophageal carcinoma cell (ESCC) line EC9706. The differentially expressed genes of the subline and the parental cells determined by gene microarrays were further analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results We identified sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) as an invasion and metastasis-related gene of esophageal cancer. SPHK1 was overexpressed in the EC9706-P4 subline with high invasive capacity. Among six ESCC lines tested, KYSE2 and KYSE30 cells showed the highest SPHK1 mRNA and protein expressions as well as the most invasive phenotype. By Western blotting, in 7/12 cases (58%), SPHK1 expression was higher in esophageal carcinomas than in the companion normal tissue. In 23/30 cases (76%), SPHK1 protein expression was upregulated in the tumors compared to matched normal tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Esophageal carcinoma tissue microarray analysis indicated that SPHK1 expression correlated with the depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.0001) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, strong SPHK1 expression was significantly associated with clinical failure (P < 0.01), suggesting the involvement of SPHK1 in aggressiveness of human esophageal carcinoma. SPHK1 overexpression significantly increased the invasiveness of EC9706 cells in vitro and also increased EC9706 cell growth and spontaneous metastasis in vivo, promoting significant increases in tumor growth, tumor burden and spontaneous lung metastasis in nude mice. SPHK1 expression significantly correlated with the expression of many EGFR pathway genes associated with invasion of cancer cells. SPHK1 protein expression also significantly correlated with the phosphorylation of EGFR. Conclusion In summary, our data implicate SPHK1 in the metastasis of esophageal cancer. Our study also identified downstream mediators of SPHK1 in esophageal cancer cells that may mediate enhanced malignant behavior, and several of these mediators may be useful as therapeutic targets.
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91
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Stanek J, Biesiada J. Sensitivity and specificity of finding of multinucleate trophoblastic giant cells in decidua in placentas from high-risk pregnancies. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:261-8. [PMID: 21820155 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This is a retrospective analysis of sensitivity and specificity of clustered placental basal plate multinucleate trophoblastic giant cells for various clinical conditions and placental lesions associated with fetal and placental hypoxia. Selected clinical and placental parameters of 375 consecutive cases of placentas with clusters of multinucleate trophoblastic giant cell (at least 3 cells with at least 3 nuclei) in the decidua (study group) were compared with all remaining 2674 placentas concurrently studied (control group) in 20-week-or-more high-risk pregnancies. Multinucleate trophoblastic giant cell was found in 12.3% of placentas. The study group had statistically significantly more cases of preeclampsia, abnormal Dopplers, induction of labor, and cesarean sections, with its placentas lighter and with more common other hypoxic lesions than in the control-group placentas. The multinucleate trophoblastic giant cell prevalence negatively correlated with gestational age (R = -0.56), peaking at the turn of the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy and declining afterward, and most strongly correlated with the excessive amount of extravillous trophoblasts in the chorionic disc (R = +0.33). The sensitivity of multinucleate trophoblastic giant cells was, on average, 3 times lower than the specificity, the latter averaging greater than 90%. In conclusion, finding of multinucleate trophoblastic giant cells is not exclusively limited to uteroplacental malperfusion of preeclampsia but is also seen in other types of high-risk pregnancy and in association with other placental hypoxic lesions and patterns. Multinucleate trophoblastic giant cells most likely reflect a premature fusion of extravillous trophoblasts because of several factors, likely including also hypoxia. Being highly specific, finding the multinucleate trophoblastic giant cells is unlikely to give a false-positive result and therefore has high value in retrospectively explaining the perinatal morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Stanek
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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92
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Nadeem L, Munir S, Fu G, Dunk C, Baczyk D, Caniggia I, Lye S, Peng C. Nodal signals through activin receptor-like kinase 7 to inhibit trophoblast migration and invasion: implication in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:1177-89. [PMID: 21356369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cell invasion into the uterus is an essential process for successful pregnancy, and shallow invasion of trophoblasts into the maternal decidua is linked to preeclampsia. We have reported that Nodal, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, acts through activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7) to inhibit trophoblast proliferation and to induce apoptosis. In this study, we examined the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Nodal and ALK7 in human placenta from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies and investigated whether Nodal regulated trophoblast migration and invasion. Nodal and ALK7 were detected in villous and extravillous trophoblast cell populations in early gestation, and their levels were strongly up-regulated in preeclamptic placenta. Overexpression of Nodal or constitutively active ALK7 decreased cell migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of Nodal and ALK7 had the opposite effects. In placental explant culture, treatment with Nodal inhibited trophoblast outgrowth, whereas Nodal small-interfering RNA strongly induced the expansion of explants and the migration of extravillous trophoblast cells. Nodal stimulated the secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and inhibited matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity. These findings suggest that the Nodal/ALK7 pathway plays important roles in human placentation and that its abnormal signaling may contribute to the development of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Nadeem
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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93
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The role of placental homeobox genes in human fetal growth restriction. J Pregnancy 2011; 2011:548171. [PMID: 21547091 PMCID: PMC3087155 DOI: 10.1155/2011/548171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an adverse pregnancy outcome associated with significant perinatal and paediatric morbidity and mortality, and an increased risk of chronic disease later in adult life. One of the key causes of adverse pregnancy outcome is fetal growth restriction (FGR). While a number of maternal, fetal, and environmental factors are known causes of FGR, the majority of FGR cases remain idiopathic. These idiopathic FGR pregnancies are frequently associated with placental insufficiency, possibly as a result of placental maldevelopment. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of abnormal placental development in idiopathic FGR is, therefore, of increasing importance. Here, we review our understanding of transcriptional control of normal placental development and abnormal placental development associated with human idiopathic FGR. We also assess the potential for understanding transcriptional control as a means for revealing new molecular targets for the detection, diagnosis, and clinical management of idiopathic FGR.
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94
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Singh H, Endo Y, Nie G. Decidual HtrA3 negatively regulates trophoblast invasion during human placentation. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:748-57. [PMID: 21321049 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled trophoblast invasion into the maternal decidua (interstitial invasion) is important for placental development. Factors secreted by the maternal decidual cells and the extravillous trophoblast can influence trophoblast invasion and abnormalities in the invasion process may lead to pregnancy complications. Serine protease HtrA3 is highly expressed in the decidual cells in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and throughout pregnancy, and in most trophoblast cell types, apart from the invading interstitial trophoblast during the first trimester. HtrA3 and its family members are down-regulated in a number of cancers and are proposed as tumour suppressors. The current study aimed to investigate whether HtrA3 is secreted by decidual cells, and whether inhibiting such secretion alters trophoblast invasion. METHODS AND RESULTS Human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were decidualized with estradiol, medroxyprogesterone acetate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry confirmed that HtrA3 mRNA and protein expression increased during decidualization. HtrA3 was also detected in the conditioned media (CM) of the decidualized HESCs, confirming its secretion. For functional studies, a protease-inactive mutant form of HtrA3 which was previously confirmed to be a dominant-negative inhibitor was produced using wheat germ cell-free technology. CM from decidualized HESCs significantly suppressed invasion of trophoblast HTR-8 cells (P < 0.01), whereas inhibition of HtrA3 in this CM by exogenous HtrA3 mutant resulted in increased trophoblast HTR-8 cell invasion (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results strongly support the hypothesis that decidual HtrA3 negatively regulates trophoblast invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmeet Singh
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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95
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Inhibition of HTRA3 stimulates trophoblast invasion during human placental development. Placenta 2010; 31:1085-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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96
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Rajaraman G, Murthi P, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Homeobox Gene HLX Is a Regulator of HGF/c-met-Mediated Migration of Human Trophoblast-Derived Cell Lines1. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:676-83. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.078634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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97
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Wright JK, Dunk CE, Amsalem H, Maxwell C, Keating S, Lye SJ. HER1 signaling mediates extravillous trophoblast differentiation in humans. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:1036-45. [PMID: 20739666 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.083246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the role of HER1 signaling in the differentiation of proliferative extravillous trophoblast (EVT) into invasive EVT. Using the JAR choriocarcinoma cell line and placental villous explants as experimental models and immunohistochemical assessment of protein markers of EVT differentiation (downregulation of HER1 and Cx40 and upregulation of HER2 and alpha1 integrin), we show that the ability of decidual conditioned medium (DCM) to induce HER1/2 switching was abrogated in the presence of the HER1 antagonist, AG1478. Similarly, epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment resulted in the downregulation of HER1 and an upregulation of HER2 expression, whereas co-incubation of EGF with AG1478 inhibited this response. However, EGF did not downregulate Cx40 or induce migration of EVT. In contrast, heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor (HBEGF) stimulated dose-dependent JAR cell migration, which was inhibited by both AG1478 and AG825 (HER2 antagonist). Western blot analysis of HER1 activation demonstrated that HBEGF-mediated phosphorylation of the HER1 Tyr992 and Tyr1068 sites, while EGF activated the Tyr1045 site. Moreover, HBEGF induced a stronger and more sustained activation of both the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PIK3) signaling pathways. Migration assays using a panel of signaling pathway inhibitors demonstrated that the HBEGF-mediated migration was dependent on the PIK3 pathway. These results demonstrate that HBEGF-mediated HER1 signaling through PIK3 is an important component of EVT invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wright
- Women's and Infants' Health Research Centre, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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98
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De Oliveira L, Lash G, Murray-Dunning C, Bulmer J, Innes B, Searle R, Sass N, Robson S. Role of Interleukin 8 in Uterine Natural Killer Cell Regulation of Extravillous Trophoblast Cell Invasion. Placenta 2010; 31:595-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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99
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Distributions of PCNA and Cas-3 in rat uterus during early pregnancy. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2010; 48:71-7. [DOI: 10.2478/v10042-008-0088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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100
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Oufkir T, Arseneault M, Sanderson J, Vaillancourt C. The 5-HT2A serotonin receptor enhances cell viability, affects cell cycle progression and activates MEK–ERK1/2 and JAK2–STAT3 signalling pathways in human choriocarcinoma cell lines. Placenta 2010; 31:439-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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